The Cover Story Issue One - Camgirls

issue one

COVER YOUR BODY, O N L I N E

INSIDE THE WORLD OF CAMGIRLS

january 16 2019

ISSUE

Nestled inside an industry that is often stigmatized and misunderstood, camgirls have practically revolutionized online pornography by introducing a critical element – audience interactivity. Sean Dunne, director of the documentary Cam Girlz, recalls how viewers perceived these shows: “They said it’s not like a strip club, it’s like a community and you feel it when you’re in these chat rooms.

It’s a community and entertainment that goes very far beyond sexuality.”1 It’s an industry that has its risks written on its sleevepotential legal troubles, stalkers, trolls, and burned bridges.

But it’s also led to some wild successes, such as a site that got 100 million weekly visits, and an award-winning horror film that was inspired by the writer’s own experience as a camgirl.

ABOUT

The Cover Story is a magazine that focuses on a new perspective each issue, whether it be a hobby, job, or industry. Primarily using interviews and other firstperson accounts, it aims to provide a more empathetic look behind the curtain.

Each section is designed to be a quick and easy read so that these understandings can be developed in a short amount of time.

No malice or ill-will is intended towards any of these lives or livelihoods.

If you’re looking to demonize people, this magazine isn’t for you.

Unless otherwise noted, The Cover Story is entirely researched, written, illustrated, and designed by Billy Galant. Sources are cited on the back cover.

Website: www.thecoverstorymag.com | Email: thecoverstorymag@gmail.com

CONTENTS JENNICAM

KENDRA SUNDERLAND

ISA MAZZEI

JENNICAM FOR OVER SEVEN YEARS, JENNIFER RINGLEY BROADCASTED HER LIFE

A

lthough she might not be strictly considered a “camgirl”, Jennifer Ringley undoubtedly served as a pioneer for the camgirls of the future. Ringley started the site JenniCam in 1996 when she was a Junior at Dickinson College.

Every 15 minutes, the webcam would take a new picture of the room and upload it to the site. As the site gained traction, Ringley invested in more cameras and higher refresh rates, and created a $15/year subscription model that allowed users access to more pictures.2

Keep in mind that this was before the age of Twitch, justin.tv, or even YouTube- yet Ringley and the site were both wildly successful. She appeared on both the Late Show with David Letterman and The Today Show, received millions of visitors a day, and even had some of her videos featured in an exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art.3 Although Ringley’s life wasn’t exactly spectacular, it didn’t stop swaths of (particularly male) viewers from obsessing over her, creating fansites and forums that would repost images from the cam.

This came to a hilt early in the cam’s existence, when an anonymous user emailed Ringley and asked for her to do a striptease show. While Ringley had previously staged some stripteases on the cam before, she later wanted the cam to reflect a more candid look at her life, and so she denied this request. Shortly after, the site was hacked. Ringley had to increase the site’s security and place some protections in real life, which included getting an unlisted phone number and address.4 5 Even though Ringley moved away from staged stripteases, the cam wouldn’t be censored or blocked

during more provocative moments, such as Ringley undressing, masturbating, or having sex. This of course led to media outlets and viewers labelling the site as lewd, but Ringley has consistently rejected this label. Again, Ringley would simply state that the cam was a candid look into her life, and that she believed it worked best when she (and her guests) pretended that the camera wasn’t there.

“THIS WILL REPLACE TELEVISION, BECAUSE THIS IS REALLY ALL PEOPLE WANTPEOPLE ARE LONELY AND DESPERATE… THEY’RE REACHING OUT, THEY WANNA SEE LIFE, SOMEWHERE ELSE, TAKING PLACE.”

David Letterman interviewing Jennifer Ringley, July 31st, 1998

Ringley discussed this on the 66th episode of This American Life with Ira Glass6: “I think the camera would be a lot less interesting if I paid that much attention to it,” Ringley said. “It would be more of a staged show.

And you can go see a staged show anywhere. I think the whole appeal of the camera is that it is whatever

COVER of the camera is that it is whatever is normally going on in my room...

I usually prefer the camera be there. And I’m sad when it’s off as opposed to wishing it weren’t there.”

“...I DON’T FEEL I’M GIVING UP MY PRIVACY. JUST BECAUSE PEOPLE CAN SEE ME DOESN’T MEAN IT AFFECTS ME - I’M STILL ALONE IN MY ROOM, NO MATTER WHAT. AND AS LONG AS WHAT GOES ON INSIDE MY HEAD IS STILL PRIVATE, I HAVE ALL THE SPACE I NEED.”

Jennifer Ringley, responding to “Why are you giving up your privacy like this?” on the FAQ section of her site

Ringley wanted viewers to watch the cam as if she were simply inviting people to watch her life, particularly those who felt rather alone and wanted to connect with someone. She took emails from viewers, but she didn’t focus on taking requests to appease the audience. She would instead take comfort in learning about how seemingly random moments on the cam could impact people’s lives.

One email that Ringley remembers is when a college student spent

his Friday night sitting at home doing laundry. He felt “like a loser.” To pass the time, he logged onto JenniCam and saw Ringley, in her own apartment, with her own basket of dirty clothes sitting behind her. The student thanked Ringley for making him feel less alone, almost as if they were doing their laundry “together”.

Ringley wasn’t without her competition, as others soon started creating their own lifecams. One of these sites, Amandacam, introduced a webchat, which allowed for more interactivity with viewers. Amanda (who, according to rumors, was actually named Tiffany) also had a bigger focus on intentionally giving the audience sexually explicit content.

Although this sounds more akin to modern camgirls, Amandacam didn’t gain anything close to the same following as JenniCam. Ringley had no issues with competitors. She actually visited other camgirls, including Ana Voog, who ran anacam, the second lifecasting webcam after Ringley’s.

Voog had similar views on explicit content in her lifecam, believing that any sex shown on the site was just part of her life.

On the “Anatomy” section of her site, she wrote, “It is not a surveillance thing or a peeping thing, because I have invited you.”7

in the following weeks. Courtney wrote about how she had to recover her mental health, and that her and Ringley stopped speaking to each other. On Ringley’s end, she just wrote about her passionate feelings for Dex. For the fans, they could only make speculations as to what happened next. Many started to question if this incident was faked to draw attention to both cams, with JenniCam coming down from its peak in popularity.

One of the most dramatic and controversial moments of the JenniCam came in 2000, as Ringley was moving to a new home in Sacramento. She became romantically involved with Dex, the fiancé of Courtney, who was another camgirl and one of Ringley’s best friends.8 One of Ringley’s fans wrote online, “I will no longer support someone who is so evil as to humiliate a friend in such a public way.”

Both Courtney and Ringley posted on their journals about the event

Around this time, technology improved enough to enable full video streams, but this had to be done in short, pre-scheduled segments, which gave more credence to allegations of Ringley returning to staged content.

On December 31st, 2003, JenniCam went offline.9 In lieu of an official answer from Ringley, a spokesperson for PayPal said that they would be closing Ringley’s account due to violations of PayPal’s nudity policy. Ringley, however, had then disappeared from the internet entirely. This led viewers to believe that Ringley wanted the cam to end, even after she previously entertained the idea of keeping the cam up indefinitely.

COVER

In 2014, she was featured on the Gimlet podcast Reply All, where she discussed her experiences with the site, along with her continued privacy. Her biggest interaction online since the closure has been making a website for her clan in the mobile game Clash of Clans,

but her identity is still kept anonymous.

The BBC interviewed Ringley in 201610, where she revealed that she now works as a computer programmer in Sacramento and is married to a man with “Johnson�

as his surname. Taking such a generic last name was yet another way to stay out of the limelight.

Although JenniCam’s popularity seemed to only grant Ringley her 15 seconds of fame, there’s no doubt that the cam was incredibly innovative and revolutionary for its time.

It almost draws parallels to Andy Warhol eating a hamburger for Jørgen Leth’s film “66 Scenes from America”: for a majority of the time, practically nothing happens. But the thrill of watching of the cam was the anticipation of the next exciting event- even if it never happened.

If the legacy of JenniCam seems lost in the current age, it’s only really mirroring how modern camgirls (and other livestreams) operate. You may remember individual personalities, but nobody’s going to religiously keep archives of content that’s intended to be temporary.

We’ve also drifted away from keeping tabs on the lives of ordinary strangers. Platforms like Facebook and Snapchat may enable us to see what’s going on with the more “boring” people in our lives, but they’re still

people that we know all the same.

Strangers online now just simply remain strangers.

Maybe it’s a result of online content becoming more professional, with amateur efforts being regarded as a waste of time. Or maybe it’s a result of “middlemen” getting in the way of monetizing yourself online, which has led to a drastic decline in niche websites hosted by individual people.

In any event, it’s not worth getting hung up on whether or not people can recall a 20-something by the name of Jennifer Ringley.

After all, anonymity and “removal” from the internet is all that Ringley has desired since 2003.

Instead, viewers were invited into some random person’s life. They didn’t know everything about them, and more than seven years later, that person left, potentially leaving more questions than answers.

So all that was left to do was to find a new person and start the game again.

KENDRA SUNDERLAND STRIPPING DOWN IN A LIBRARY GOT KENDRA SUNDERLAND INTO TROUBLE - AND A CAREER

D

uring the fall of 2014, Kendra Sunderland was 19 years old, a freshman at Oregon State University, and broke. So, she began recording herself as she sat in a campus library. In the video, Sunderland keeps an eye out for

anyone else walking through the library. She unzips her sweatshirt to show her tank top, which she ends up stripping. She exposes her breasts to the camera as a few students belligerently walk in the background. Sunderland ends the video with her masturbating.11

The video quietly circulated the internet, and Sunderland, who had previously been majoring in human development and family development, had already dropped out in that fall semester. It finally became viral in January of 2015and campus administration took notice as well.

But the Streisand effect was soon adapted as the Sunderland effect.

Even though the original video had already been removed from PornHub, it had already been viewed thousands of times- and the video would find its way to other internet outlets. After all, you can’t “remove” something online.

“ AND WE WANT TO ENCOURAGE ANYONE ON CAMPUS – EVEN THE PUBLIC – TO CONTACT POLICE IMMEDIATELY IF THEY SEE ANYTHING UNUSUAL ON CAMPUS. CALL 911 IF IT’S AN EMERGENCY.”

Dissenters were soon met by supporters, who started using the hashtag #FreeKendra13 to express their support (even though there wasn’t really anything to “free” Sunderland from, aside from guilt).

Steve Clark, a spokesperson of Oregon State University, responding to the video

Campus police delivered a public indecency citation to Sunderland, which spelled a potential $6,250 fine and a year of jail time. Her name was in national headlines.

She faced scrutiny from fellow students.

One of these students, Rich Rogers, said, “At first I thought it was a joke... After I realised it was real, I was more shocked that it happened.

That kind of stuff you do in private and not in public. Ever.”12

The attention she received seemed to be the golden recipe as to why camgirling became so successful in the first place: exposing yourself in a library, let alone a public place, is almost the pinnacle of amateur pornography. It requires nothing more than a laptop and clothes (or lack thereof), yet it carries some serious risks if not done properly.

That thrill was more than enough for Sunderland to rival even the highest-paid sex workers.

Thankfully, Sunderland avoided jail time and faced a fine of only $1,000. Still, she had to face a sudden shift in her lifestyleafter all, Sunderland hadn’t been

COVER camming for long; she had only started roughly 2 weeks before the library video was recorded.

What was originally an amateur effort would soon launch into a more professional career, with one of the first steps being an increased presence on her MyFreeCams account. This site, along with many others, is modern camgirling at work. Camgirls make their money through tips, which can be incentivized to allow viewers to make requests, get private chats, or even share their own webcam based on how much money they send.

She gained even more recognition by partnering with companies such as Playboy14. In true Sunderland fashion, her Playboy shoot had her posing in front of bookshelves. She also posed for Penthouse, where she reportedly signed a six figure contract with their parent company, FriendFinder Networks.

“IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN MY DREAM, SINCE I WAS A LITTLE GIRL, TO BE IN PLAYBOY. IT WAS ALWAYS MY DEEP, DARK, FANTASY THAT I WOULD THINK OF AT NIGHT.”

Kendra Sunderland talking to Playboy in a behind-thescenes video of her photoshoot

She was named Vixen’s Angel of the Year, and even got her own line of sex toys15, which includes the Kendra Sunderland Angel Fleshlight that retails for $79.95. Sunderland made a name for herself while never quite leaving the “Library Girl” moniker behind.

This new reputation didn’t come easily, however. Sunderland’s parents were both medical professionals and didn’t take kindly to the news, and Sunderland had to confront her own grandparents about the incident (including the mark that it had now made on her criminal record).

In an interview with The Daily Dot in 2015, Sunderland said, “My best friend from high school applied to a bunch of [colleges], so I applied there. She and I did everything together... we stopped being friends just a couple months ago.”

Even the influx of support was daunting for Sunderland. Although she capitalized on the situation by opening herself up for business inquiries, she had to be careful about which offers she accepted, which was especially difficult when considering Sunderland’s recent entry into the industry.

These dilemmas extended to her romantic life as well. She had already broken up with her previous boyfriend due to disagreements about her MyFreeCams account, and she became concerned that future romantic partners would only be interested in her reputation.

This was illustrated by fans opting to skip having a relationship and proposing to Sunderland outright.

between November and January16, which means that the trend started even before Sunderland’s own video became truly viral.

“It sucks because I’ll never know if someone wants to know me because of me, because of my video,” Sunderland said. “It’s gonna be hard from now on to know who’s gonna be there to stick around.”

While the Daily Dot may have described these setbacks as “the surprisingly sad saga of the Oregon State Library Girl”, there’s no doubt that her video built an entire brand for her. Sunderland has kept going because of her library video- not in spite of it.

The woman, whose screen name was “lilsecrett”, would flash her breasts, masturbate, and even use sex toys in her shows. She even outpaced Sunderland’s own work by filming at least 52 library performances, some of which would go for hours on end.

If there wasn’t enough of an impact on Sunderland’s own life, she also had a clear impact on the rest of the industry- other camgirls took to the libraries as well. In March 2015, it was revealed that a Canadian woman had been recording her own library shows in the 3 month period

There was one key difference between this woman and Sunderland- the Canadian woman didn’t face any criminal charges.

Staff Sgt. Brad Hill of the Windsor police has stated that he’s unaware of any formal complaints being made to the police, aside from an

COVER initial call about a woman who was seen taking pictures of her vagina.

It’s only suspected that this woman is lilsecrett after a brief look at two of her videos.

library shows to a professional level, which would gradually decrease the appeal and thrill provided by a library show in the first place.

Public indecency laws in Canada are also much less strict than they are in the United States. The only true definition of “indecency” in Canada’s Criminal Code is the exposure of genitals and/or female nipples to anyone under 16, and that’s only when it’s determined to have a sexual purpose. All other cases are left up to the judges, who have previously declared that nude sunbathing (R. v. Beaupré) and streaking (R. v Springer, R. v.

Niman) do not constitute public indecency.

Contrast this with Sunderland’s one-off show that easily demonstrated an amateur performance and innocent demeanor. There was the feeling that what you saw would be unlikely to happen again (which it certainly didn’t), so it became more entertaining to see how far Sunderland could go in that one instance.

In a bizarre fashion, it appears as if stricter laws in the United States meant to quell these erotic acts have inadvertently led to Sunderland becoming the more recognizable figure out of the two.

The ability to frame Sunderland as some type of forbidden fruit easily played to her advantage and to the sexual appeals of her viewers.

There might have been power in quality over quantity as well.

Lilsecrett essentially took her

Even if someone had done library shows way before Sunderland, it hardly makes a difference. Nobody else was able to capitalize on the

moment like Sunderland did.

There’s only one “library girl”, and it’s her.

Sunderland may have even revealed a generational gap in how pornography is viewed. Though her parents and grandparents were disappointed, Sunderland has stated that her siblings were fairly supportive (with the exception of her little brother, but he was only 8 years old at the time). Her older brother had even contacted Sunderland to make sure she was okay throughout the ordeal.

There was no structuring required.

While other pornstars in the past may have had to work their way up in order to prove their worth, Sunderland had her value shown right in front of her in the form of views and clicks.

She has even spoke in the past about how she doesn’t care much for the traditional methods of filming porn.

“When I was [camming], I felt in control, and I was the only one in the videos. I don’t want to shoot a video and be told who you’re gonna have sex with and how you’re gonna do it... it ruins sex.”

Maybe the resistance that Sunderland has faced ought to be worn like a badge of honor, much like the “library girl” nickname itself. While she has certainly blurred the lines between what’s okay and not okay for the porn industry, the industry itself is still going to face criticism no matter which way it moves forward.

So from Sunderland’s perspective, let alone the perspective of any sex worker that’s looking to have a more lucrative business, a little bit of revolution could go a long way.

And if Sunderland can get away with stripping down in a university library that’s regularly patrolled

by Department of Public Safety members and the Oregon State Police, then there’s not much she can’t do.

ISA MAZZEI ISA MAZZEI TOOK HER CAMGIRLING EXPERIENCE AND TRANSCRIBED IT INTO AN AWARD-WINNING HORROR FILM

Editor’s Note: The relatable portrayal of camgirls in the film “Cam” was the primary source of inspiration for the mission of The Cover Story, and part of the reason why we decided to cover camgirls in our inaugural issue. We hope that you’ve enjoyed reading and that you’ll stick around for more.

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am, directed by Daniel Goldhaber and written by Isa Mazzei, made its debut at the Fantasia International Film Festival on July 18th, 201817. The film follows Alice Ackerman (played

by Madeline Brewer, who is also notable for her role as Janine in

The Handmaid’s Tale), a camgirl with the handle Lola_Lola. Alice is recording her shows as she normally would, until one day she finds that she is now locked out of her account, and a double has taken her place. She then confronts her fellow camgirls, the police, and even some of her most dedicated viewers to try and reclaim her life.

was an extension of Mazzei seeing her own shows being copied and reuploaded without assigning her credit19. Reuploaded shows would lack the audience interactivity that they originally had during their live recordings, so having a double create new live shows without your permission would regain this aspect.

The film premiered with critical acclaim, earning the New Flesh Award for Best Feature Film and the Cheval Noir Award for Best Screenplay at Fantasia18. It was then picked up for distribution by Netflix, where it was released as a Netflix Original Film on November 16th the same year.

“[MAZZEI] ALSO OFFERS A REFRESHINGLY CANDID EXPLORATION OF THE COMPLICATED RELATIONSHIPS THAT FORM BETWEEN A CAM GIRL AND HER CLIENTS, WHO WANT TO SEE HER HURT HERSELF AS MUCH AS THEY WANT TO SEE HER NAKED.”

There’s an important detail to add to all this: Mazzei had previously worked as a camgirl, and she used that experience to help write the film.

While Cam may still be a horror movie in the end, this isn’t to say that Mazzei sought out to demonize the industry that she was formerly a part of. Rather, her motive was to use camgirling as a starting point for a more fantastical horror experience. The concept of Alice’s identity being copied

Consequence of Sound review of Cam, written by Randall Colburn

Not to mention the benefits of using horror to create conversations among the audiencediscussing camgirls after watching Cam is akin to conversations about race and ability being sparked

by Jordan Peele’s Get Out and John Krasinski’s A Quiet Place, respectively.

“At the end of the day, I don’t think audiences fully realize that

COVER they are rooting for a sex worker to return to sex work. Because what they’re feeling is her loss of agency, this loss of control, and they’re relating to that on a human level and then rooting for her to get that back.”

IN A SCENE WHERE ALICE IS TALKING WITH THE POLICE, SHE TELLS THEM THAT SHE’S A CAMGIRL. ONE OF THE OFFICERS THEN ASKS “WHAT’S THE WEIRDEST THING YOU’VE EVER HAD TO DO?”- A QUESTION THAT A HOLLYWOOD EXECUTIVE HAD ASKED MAZZEI IN A SIMILAR FASHION. This helps to subvert more traditional mentalities about sex workers, which assert that women enter the industry as a product of the world around them, instead of entering under their own volition and control.

Rather, a more prevailing argument is that sex work can provide a form of female empowerment- just take a look at the male viewers that pour money towards certain performers, which the industry commonly refers to as “whales”.

In line with this message of empowerment, it was also important for Mazzei that a camgirl would play the hero of the story, as opposed to playing the villain, or worse, the punchline: “Sex workers are cast aside to the point of being the butt of a joke.

There are two mainstream films I can think of that came out in recent years where the entire punchline is, ‘We accidentally killed a prostitute.’

And it’s a comedy… sex workers are still seen as less than. And I think that more than that, they’re always seen as someone that needs to be saved.”

The character of Alice wasn’t transformed into a superhero to fulfill this role- she was just written as being smart. When her account gets taken over, she takes the most measures possible to try to resolve the issue with customer support, and gets understandably upset when she’s told that the issue can’t be resolved.

Alice also encounters two of her viewers in real life. This is a prohibited practice in both the film and in camgirling as a whole. The concept of having performances in the first place is that it creates

fantasy scenarios for the viewer. If those fantasies are disrupted when meeting face-to-face, viewership (and the money they bring in) would no doubt suffer.

But Alice knows that it’s dangerous.

She tries to meet them in a public place for added safety, but she comes prepared with a weapon if they meet in private. When you never get the urge to shout “Don’t go in there!”, you know that a character is written correctly.

film derives its true success is by taking this alternate perspective and giving it the realistic portrayal that it deserves.

If you pay attention to the conversations about diversity in media, you’ll know that it’s never just about diversity in appearances; it’s about diversity in perspective.

You could make the argument that someone else could have just done endless research on camgirls and made their own film, but it would always lack that more personal and intimate approach that Mazzei captures.

Best of all, she has to worry a lot less about accurately portraying the character of Alice- she’s essentially played that role herself (and for those who are still curious about Mazzei’s own experiences, she’s publishing a memoir that will be available later this year20).

Mazzei’s resulting film may not remove the “foreign” feeling that people have towards camgirling and the sex industry as a whole, particularly for those that could never imagine themselves getting into it in the first place. Where the

sources

KCAB

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Rabouin, Dion. “Internet Porn Gets Personal with Camming.”

Newsweek, 15 May 2016, www.newsweek.com/camminginternet-porn-personal-touch-416577.

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Goldman, Alex. “Digg.” Jennicam And The Birth Of ‘Lifecasting’ , Digg, 13 Apr. 2015, digg.com/2015/reply-alljennicam.

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“Provocate Exhibition at MoMA Traces the Complex Connections between Photography and Fame.” MoMA, 8 July 1999, www.moma.org/documents/moma_pressrelease_386987.pdf.

Birgen, Joseph. “Jennifer Kaye Ringley.” Gremlin, University of South Dakota, https://web.archive.org/ web/20040611190704/http://www.usd.edu/~rbirgen/Joe/JKR. html.

Allen, Jamie. “‘Ed’ of the Internet: JenniCAM Going Strong after Three Years.” CNN, Cable News Network, 26 Mar. 1999, www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9903/26/jennicam/.

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Glass, Ira. “Tales From the Net.” This American Life, episode 66, NPR, 6 June 1997.

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Voog, Ana. “Anatomy.” Anacam, 1 Feb. 2007, web.archive. org/web/20090201075036/http://www.anacam.com/ anatomy/#anacam.

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Lipowicz, Alice. “Jenni’s in love.” Salon.com, 4 Aug 2000, http://web.archive.org/web/20060521082156/archive.salon. com:80/tech/log/2000/08/04/jennicam/.

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Reuters. “Voyeur Web site JenniCam to go dark.” CNN, Cable News Network, 10 Dec 2003, http://www.cnn.com/2003/ TECH/internet/12/10/jenni.cam.reut/.

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Krotoski, Aleks. “Jennicam: The first woman to stream her life on the internet.” BBC.com, British Broadcasting Corporation, 18 Oct 2016, https://www.bbc.com/news/ magazine-37681006.

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Dickson, EJ. “Oregon State student could face jail time for campus cam show.” The Daily Dot, Complex Media, 30 Jan 2015, http://www.dailydot.com/irl/oregon-state-porn-girl/.

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Waugh, Rob. “‘Library ‘porn video’ girl Kendra Sunderland releases new sexy selfies.” Metro, Associated Newspapers Limited, 3 Feb 2015, https://metro.co.uk/2015/02/03/ library-porn-video-girl-kendra-sunderland-releases-new-sexyselfies-5047390/.

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Dickson, EJ. “The surprisingly sad saga of the Oregon State Library Girl.” The Daily Dot, Complex Media, 19 Feb 2015, https://www.dailydot.com/irl/kendra-sunderland-oregonstate-library-girl/.

14:

Ridley, Sarah. “Kendra Sunderland in Playboy: University library porn star poses for bunny brand in behind-the-scenes video.” Mirror, MGN Limited, 8 Mar 2015, https://www. mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/kendra-sunderland-playboyuniversity-library-5293365.

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17:

Vlessing, Etan, “Joe Dante, David Robert Mitchell Pics Among Fantasia Fest Lineup.” The Hollywood Reporter, Valence Media, May 02, 2018, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/ news/fantasia-fest-2018-lineup-joe-dante-david-robertmitchell-pics-first-wave-titles-1107815.

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Blichert, Frederick, “Screenwriter Isa Mazzei Subverted Every Shitty Sex Work Trope for ‘Cam’.” Vice, Vice Media LLC, https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/j5z8p3/screenwriter-isamazzei-subverted-every-shitty-sex-work-trope-for-cam.

20:

Mazzei, Isa (isaiswrong),“GUYS I SIGNED MY BOOK CONTRACT AND MY BOOK IS REAL AND AN ACTUAL BOOK AND ITS COMING ATCHA THIS YEAR AND IM SO EXCITED.” Jan 8 2019, https://twitter.com/isaiswrong/ status/1082722150937616384.

never go it alone