Bhargava’s Beyond Practice

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As times are changing & with that change in lifestyle today we can see many rising cases of Tumors especially benign tumors because body is easily affected with outer environment changes which then affects the bodies cells. Bhargava's Tumorin drops is one of its kind medicine which treats benign tumors from the root cause & stops the division of cells from spreading to other tissues.

This issue focuses predominantly on Benign tumors & how they can be treated effectively with homoeopathic medicines in daily clinical practice with success story of direct from Doctors around India. Tumorin Drops

Welcome to yet another edition of Beyond Practice dear Readers!

Principles of Tumors covers all of the fundamental aspects of tumors, including their definitions, incidences, causation, pathogenesis, treatments, and prevention.

The book provides a unique approach, integrating a wide range of basic bioscience findings with clinico-pathological observations and phenomena encountered in their treatment.

As tumors are studied in fairly separate, broad areas, such as basic biological sciences, pathology, oncology, and epidemiology, this book brings together these perspectives, providing an all-inclusive text that benefits all researchers, while also providing an avenue for translational research.

Integrates both cell mechanisms and tumor physiopathology.

Brings together research and perspectives from basic biological sciences, pathology, oncology, and epidemiology, providing an allinclusive text.

Provides a concise tumor reference for the tumor researcher and oncologist

Includes appendices for foundational material

Brings out the cell detail of tumors

Homoeopathic approach towards tumors and rubrics which reveals the action of homoeopathic medicines on various types of benign tumors along with real time case studies.

Happy reading !

The term ‘Tumour’ is derived from the Latin word ‘tumere’ which means ‘to swell’. A mass of tissue, formed as a result of abnormal, excessive, uncoordinated, autonomous and purposeless proliferation of cells is called ‘neoplasm’ or ‘tumour’.

It is also defined as ‘a circumscribed non-inflammatory growth arising from existing tissue, but growing independently at the normal rate or structural development of such tissues, and serving no physiological function’ or ‘an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after the cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change’.

Thus, we understand that the fundamental to the origin of all neoplasms is loss of responsiveness to normal growth controls.

All tumors have two basic components:

1. Parenchyma: Comprised by proliferative tumour cells. It determines the nature and evolution of tumour.

2. Supportive stroma: Composed of fibrous connective tissue and blood vessels. It provides framework on which the parenchymal cells grow.

A tumor is a pathologic disturbance of cell growth, characterized by excessive and abnormal proliferation of cells. Tumors are abnormal mass of tissue which may be solid or fluid filled. When the growth of tumor cells confined to the site of origin and are of normal physicality they are concluded as benign tumors. When the cells are abnormal and can grow uncontrollably, they are concluded as cancerous cells i.e. malignant tumor. Tumors are also called as ‘NEOPLASM’. To determine whether a tumor is benign or cancerous, a doctor can take a sample of the cells with a biopsy procedure. Then the biopsy is analyzed under a microscope by a pathologist.

An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should.

Benign Tumors: Noncancerous If the cells are non-cancerous, the tumor is concluded as benign. It won’t invade nearby tissues or spread to other areas of the body (metastasize). A benign tumor is less harmful unless it is present nearby any important organs, tissues, nerves, or blood vessels and causing damage. Fibroids in the uterus and breast, polyps of colon and moles are some examples of benign tumors. Benign tumors can be removed by surgery. They can grow very large, sometimes weighing pounds. They can be dangerous, such as when they occur in the brain and crowd the normal structures in the enclosed space of the skull. They can press on vital organs or block channels. Also, some types of benign tumors such as intestinal polyps are considered as precancerous and are removed immediately to prevent them becoming malignant. Benign tumors usually don’t reoccur once removed, but if they do it is usually in the same place. Examples: Moles, Fibroid cyst in breast or uterus, polyps of colon.

Can a Benign Tumor Turn into Malignant?

Rarely some types of benign tumors transform into malignant tumors. But tumors like adenomatous polyps (adenomas) in the colon have a greater risk of transforming into malignant tumor. That is why polyps, which are benign, are removed during colonoscopy to avoid further complications. Removing them is one way of preventing colon cancer. It’s not always clear-cut whether a tumor is benign or malignant that’s why doctors use several different factors to diagnose it as one or the other. Sometimes it may end up with an uncertain diagnosis. Also, it is possible that a biopsy finds precancerous cells or misses the area where the cancerous cells are more prevalent. In these cases, what was thought to be benign might turn out to be malignant as it further grows and develops.

BenignTumor

Abenigntumorhasdistinct,smooth, regularborders.

Benigntumorcanbecomequitelarge,but itwillnotinvadenearbytissue.

Benigntumordoesn’tgrowrapidly

Benigntumorscanberemovedcompletely bysurgeryastheyhaveclearerboundaries.

MalignantTumor

Amalignanttumorhasirregularbordersand growsfasterthanabenigntumor

Malignanttumorcanalsospreadtoother partsofyourbody.

Malignanttumorsgrowmorerapidly.

Theyaremorelikelytoreoccursuchasbreast cancerrecurringinthelungsorbones.

What are the risk factors associated with tumors?

Tumors affect people of all ages, including children. Factors that increase the chances of developing a tumor include:

Gene mutations (changes), such as mutated BRCA (breast cancer) genes. Inherited conditions, such as Lynch syndrome and neurofibromatosis (NFS).

Family history of certain types of cancer like breast cancer or prostate cancer. Smoking, including exposure to secondhand smoke.

Exposure to toxins like benzene or asbestos. Previous radiation exposure. Viruses like HPV. Having obesity.

Causes

Benzene and other chemicals and toxins. Drinking too much alcohol.

Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of poison that can grow on peanut plants (aflatoxins)

Excessive sunlight exposure.

Genetic problems.

Obesity.

Radiation exposure. Viruses.

Types of tumors known to be caused by or linked with viruses are:

Burkitt lymphoma (Epstein-Barr virus)

Cervical cancer (human papillomavirus)

Most anal cancers (human papillomavirus)

Some throat cancers, including soft palate, base of tongue and tonsils (human papillomavirus)

Some vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers (human papillomavirus)

Some liver cancers (hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses)

Kaposi sarcoma (human herpesvirus 8)

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (human T-lymphotropic virus-1)

Merkel cell carcinoma (Merkel cell polyomavirus)

Nasopharyngeal cancer (Epstein-Barr virus)

Common noncancerous tumors include:

Benign bone tumors (osteomas).

Brain tumors such as meningiomas and schwannomas.

Gland tumors such as pituitary adenomas.

Lymphatic tumors such as angiomas.

Benign soft tissue tumors such as lipomas.

Uterine fibroids.

What are the different types of noncancerous tumors?

A benign tumor can grow anywhere on or in your body. These neoplasms have different names depending on where they develop:

Adenoma: This is a benign tumor on or in a gland or organ (such as the pituitary gland, colon or liver).

Chondroma: A chondroma is a benign neoplasm that forms in cartilage, a flexible connective tissue throughout the body.

Fibroma or fibroid: This is a noncancerous tumor in the fibrous tissue, a dense connective tissue in tendons and ligaments. Fibromas can grow in fibrous tissue throughout your body. They are most common in your skin, mouth, foot and uterus (called uterine fibroids).

Hemangioma: These types of benign neoplasms grow from blood vessels. Hemangiomas most often occur on the skin in babies. But they can also form on internal organs such as the liver, colon or brain.

• Lipoma: A lipoma forms from fat cells. This benign fatty tumor grows just below your skin. It’s the most common type of benign tumor.

• Lymphangioma: This type of benign neoplasm develops in your lymphatic system. It can cause fluid-filled cysts on your skin and mucous membranes, which line your mouth, nose and inner eyelids.

• Meningioma: Meningiomas begin in the meninges, a layer of tissue around your brain. They can press on the brain and spinal cord. Most meningiomas are benign, but they can grow large and become life-threatening.

Myoma: These benign tumors grow from smooth muscle. Leiomyomas often grow in the uterus (also known as uterine fibroids) or gastrointestinal tract.

Neuroma: This type of benign neoplasm develops within nerves. They can grow anywhere in your body. Common neuromas include schwannoma, neurofibroma and ganglioneuroma.

• Osteoma: This noncancerous tumor forms from bone. New, abnormal bone grows on other bone. Most osteomas grow on your skull. Osteoid osteomas develop in long bones, such as those in your legs. They are most common in children and young adults.

• Skin tumors: There are many types of benign skin tumors. Some of the most common include cherry angioma, sebaceous hyperplasia, seborrheic keratoses, dermatofibromas and acrochordons (also called skin tags).

What causes a benign neoplasm?

SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES

Scientists don’t yet understand what causes most noncancerous tumors. Some types may be related to genetics or exposure to chemicals or radiation.

Symptoms

Many benign neoplasms don’t cause any symptoms at all. But if they grow large enough to press on bodily structures, they may cause:

Bleeding (for example, with a fibroid in the uterus).

Headaches, seizures or trouble seeing (for example, with a brain tumor).

Loss of appetite or weight loss (for example, a tumor near your stomach or intestines).

Q.

Pain or discomfort in any area of your body.

Trouble breathing (when the tumor is near your mouth, nose, throat or lungs).

On the skin, you can often see and feel benign tumors. They may be: Discolored (often red or brown).

Firm or soft when you press on them.

Raised, like bumps.

Round, with smooth, even edges. Smooth or rough to the touch.

HOW ARE TUMORS DIAGNOSED?

A biopsy is performed to determine whether a tumor is cancerous or not. A biopsy involves removing cell samples from a tumor. A pathologist examines the samples in a lab to make a diagnosis. If a tumor is in an area that’s difficult to reach, then the entire tumor is removed and biopsy is performed again.

If patient has any symptoms or see or feel anything that looks abnormal, then certain tests can help determine whether a tumor is benign or malignant.

Tumors and cell origin

Cell origin Cell type

Biliary tree

Colon

Pathology Diagnosis & Investigations

Endodermal

Glandular

Tumor

Cholangioma

Colonic polyp

Adenoma

Papilloma

Cystadenoma

Liver

Placental

Renal

Squamous

Stomach

Blood vessel

Bone

Cartilage

Fat tissue

Liver cell adenoma

Hydatiform mole

Renal tubular adenoma

Squamous cell papilloma

Gastric polyp

Hemangioma, Cardiac myxoma

Osteoma

Chondroma

Lipoma

Mesenchymal

Fibrous tissue

Lymphatic vessel

Smooth muscle

Striated muscle

Glia

Melanocytes

Fibroma

Lymphangioma

Leiomyoma

Rhabdomyoma

Astrocytoma, Schwannoma

Nevus

Ectodermal

Meninges

Nerve cells

Meningioma

Ganglioneuroma

Depending on where the tumor is, tests may include:

Biopsy: During a biopsy, a healthcare provider removes a piece of tissue, then examines the cells under a microscope.

Imaging tests: A CT scan, MRI or ultrasound can create detailed images of structures inside your body, including tumors.

Mammogram: A mammogram is a special type of X-ray that can detect abnormal growths or changes in breast tissue.

X-ray: X-rays take pictures inside your body, often of bone.

• Pathophysiology

• Symptoms

• Investigations

• Research Articles

Some of the most established tumour markers include the following:

1. CEA: Slight to moderate CEA elevations (rarely above 10ng/ml) occur in 15-30% of benign diseases of the intestine, the pancreas, the liver and the lungs, like – chronic hepatitis, pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and emphysema. It is also elevated in colorectal, gastrointestinal, kidney, stomach, breast, pancreatic, liver, and lung cancers. Smokers also have elevated CEA values.

2. CA 15-3: Slightly elevated CA 15-3 serum values (up to 50 U/ml) are occasionally found in patients with liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, autoimmune disorders, and benign diseases of the ovary and breast. Nonmammary malignancies in which elevated CA 15-3 assay values have been reported include lung, colon, pancreas, primary liver, ovarian, cervical and endometrial carcinoma.

3. CA 19-9: Even slight cholestasis can lead to elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19’9 (CA 19-9) levels in some cases. Elevated values are also found in a number of benign and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver, as well as in cystic fibrosis. It is also elevated in pancreatic cancer and other cancers of the digestive tract.

4. CA 125: Slight to moderate elevations have been reported in individuals with non-malignant conditions such as hepatitis, endometriosis, first trimester pregnancy, ovarian cysts, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Besides ovarian cancer, it is also elevated in non-ovarian malignancies which include cervical, liver, pancreatic, lung, colon, stomach, biliary tract, uterine, fallopian tube, breast, and endometrial carcinomas. Elevations during the menstrual cycle have also been reported.

5. CA 72-4: Elevated serum values can be found in benign illnesses, gynaecological illness, and benign diseases of the ovaries, ovarian cysts, breast, and gastrointestinal tract.

6. AFP: As the AFP values rise during regeneration of the liver, moderately elevated values are found in alcohol-mediated liver cirrhosis and acute viral hepatitis, as well as in carriers of HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen).

7. PAP: An inflammation or trauma of the prostate (e.g. in cases of urinary retention, or following rectal

examination, cystoscopy, colonoscopy, transurethral biopsy, laser treatment, or ergometry) can lead to PAP elevations of varying duration and magnitude. Benign hypertrophy of the prostate is frequently involved. The free PSA dosage helps to clear the matter, with the evaluation of FPSA/ PSA quotient.

8. Free PSA: In patients receiving therapy, particularly hormone withdrawal therapy, the FPSA/PSA quotient cannot be utilised to differentiate prostate hyperplasia from cancer of the prostate.

9. B2M: Rheumatic arthritis, lupus, Crohn’s disease, myeloma, chronic lymphoid leukaemia, and renal failure can increase results.

10. -HCG: Elevated HCG concentrations not associated with pregnancy are found in patients with tumours of the germ cells, ovaries, bladder, pancreas, stomach, lungs, and liver.

11. NSE: NSE concentrations (> 12 ng/ml) have been found in patients with benign pulmonary diseases and cerebral diseases. Moderate elevations are reported in cerebrovascular meningitis, disseminated encephalitis, spinocerebellar degeneration, cerebral ischemia and infarction, intracerebral hematoma, head injuries, inflammatory brain diseases, organic epilepsy, schizophrenia, and Jakob - Creutzfeld disease.

12. CYFRA: Slightly elevated values (upto 10 ng/ml) are rarely found in marked benign liver diseases and renal failure.

13. Other blood tests: When cancer is in the blood cells themselves, tests of the blood and the blood forming organs may be all that is needed to make the diagnosis. Bone marrow analysis will diagnose multiple myeloma, which is basically a malignancy of plasma cells in the marrow.

Table 3.: Tumour Markers in benign conditions

Tests of Fluids and Stools

1. Urinalysis: The presence of protein and sugar might indicate kidney disease. An increased amount of white blood cells indicate an infection and red blood cells indicate bleeding because of tumour or from some other cause.

2. Stool analysis: In presence of occult blood in stools, one must rule out a benign or premalignant tumour or a hidden cancer in the colon.

3. A physical or X-ray examination: It may reveal the presence of fluid in the chest cavity, abdomen, or joints. A needle can be inserted into these areas and the fluid may be drawn out for examination.

4. A lumbar puncture: It is also known as a spinal tap can identify any infection, inflammation, or cancer.

ENDOSCOPY

Sometimes images are not enough; direct visualisation is necessary not only for diagnosis, but also as an aid in treatment.

1. Flexible scope: These scopes use bundle of glass fibres that can bend around the corners and form perfect pictures of the tissues at their far ends. Cell samples and photographs can be taken with the aid of this scope. Diagnosis of lung cancer can often be made by this method alone, without restoring to the surgical procedures. With a flexible gastroscope or colonoscope, the entire stomach or the colon can be clearly seen and pieces of the tissue can be collected.

2. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP): In this procedure, a flexible fibre-optic telescope is passed through the oesophagus, into the stomach, to visualise the opening of the ducts draining the bile from the liver and insert the tube into ducts through the stomach either to provide drainage or to take pictures showing the exact location of tumours in the bile ducts and details of involvement.

CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES

It means examination of the cellular material removed from the body. The cells might be removed by natural means such as coughing up sputum. The best known cytology test is the PAP smear in which the cervix is scraped and brushed to remove cells for analysis that can be abnormal or cancerous. In the same way the tongue, the oesophagus, the stomach, or the lung air passages can be easily scraped using a small brush. Fine needle biopsy is another type of cytology test. It is used primarily to find out if a lump (for e.g. in the breast, thyroid, lung, lymph node) is benign or malignant. Tumour tests are:

1. Special stains: It is a procedure of staining the cancer tissues. These stains are often of great help in determining the type of cancer when there is some uncertainty. They also provide helpful information about prognosis and treatment, e.g. hormone receptor analysis in breast cancer, HER-2/neu (c-erb-2), various cytokeratins, etc.

2. Flow cytometery: This technique analyzes a tumour’s DNA content to find out whether the cancer cells contain the normal number of chromosomes (diploid) or an abnormal amount (aneuploid). Aneuploid tumours tend to be poorly differentiated and aggressive.

3. S-phase testing: This technique measures how fast the tumour cell is growing. In the S-phase of the cell’s growth cycle, new DNA is synthesised to prepare for the division of one cell into two. A tumour that is growing slowly may have less than 7 percent of cells in the Sphase.

A more rapidly growing tumour has 8 percent or more. Tumours with higher rates of growth have a poor prognosis and may need more aggressive treatment.

BONE MARROW EXAMINATION

Bone marrow is analysed to diagnose blood or bone marrow cancers and to find out if the malignancy from somewhere else has spread to the bone marrow. Needle is inserted into either the breast bone or pelvic bone, both of which are just under the skin and is easily entered. A small amount of liquid bone marrow is drawn into a syringe, placed on the slides, and examined under the microscope for evidence of leukaemia,

lymphoma, or any other cancer cells. Bone marrow biopsies are helpful in staging and immune cytochemistry to detect micro-metastasis.

A bone marrow biopsy may be done to diagnose primary and cancerous tumours, to evaluate the stages of cancer such as Hodgkin’s disease and to evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy and other treatments.

Bone marrow examinations are also done to discover how well the bone marrow could produce new blood cells after vigorous chemotherapy, which demands extra work of bone marrow.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

The pathophysiological situation in human tumors and their metastases is determined by various characteristics such as the tumor cell metabolism, the local micromilieu and the stromal cellular environment compromising fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells. These factors not only affect each other resulting in spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor tissues but are also critical modulators of therapeutic intervention.

1.Role of stromal fibroblasts in the scenario of tumor growth and metastasis which includes processes as complex as tumor angiogenesis and immune escape.

2.Second focus is the adverse impact of defined factors, i.e. catabolites, in the tumor micromilieu on tumor and stromal cells and their relevance in anti-tumor therapy.

3.Third aspect is motivated by the tumor stem cell theory and recent findings that non-differentiated, repopulating tumor initiating cell populations may be more resistant to radiotherapeutic approaches than the major tumor cell mass.

TREATMENT OF BENIGN TUMORS

In many cases, benign tumors need no treatment. Doctors may simply use "watchful waiting" to make sure they cause no problems. But treatment may be needed if symptoms are a problem. Surgery is a common type of treatment for benign tumors. The goal is to remove the tumor without damaging surrounding tissues. Other types of treatment may include medication or radiation.

1. Adenomas - If a pituitary adenoma needs treatment, it may include surgery to remove the tumor. Medication or radiation therapy also might be used to treat a pituitary adenoma. Treatment involves a team of medical experts.

2. Chondroma - Surgical removal is the primary treatment for chondromas.

3. Fibroma or FibroidsA) Medications

Medications for uterine fibroids target hormones that regulate your menstrual cycle, they majorly shrink fibroids Medications include:

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists: Medications called GnRH agonists treat fibroids by blocking the production of estrogen and progesterone, putting you into a temporary menopause-like state. As a result, menstruation stops, fibroids shrink and anaemia often improves.

Progestin-releasing intrauterine device (IUD): A progestin-releasing IUD can relieve heavy bleeding caused by fibroids.

Uterine artery embolization. Small particles (embolic agents) are injected into the arteries supplying the uterus, cutting off blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink and die.

Radiofrequency ablation. In this procedure, radiofrequency energy destroys uterine fibroids and shrinks the blood vessels that feed them. Most women who have the procedure get back to regular activities after 5 to 7 days of recovery.

Laparoscopic or robotic myomectomy. In a myomectomy, your surgeon removes the fibroids, leaving the uterus in place. Larger fibroids can be removed through smaller incisions by breaking them into pieces (morcellation).

Hysteroscopic myomectomy. This procedure may be an option if the fibroids are contained inside the uterus (submucosal). Your surgeon accesses and removes fibroids using instruments inserted through your vagina and cervix into your uterus.

Endometrial ablation. This treatment, performed with a specialized instrument inserted into your uterus, uses heat, microwave energy, hot water or electric current to destroy the lining of your uterus, either ending menstruation or reducing your menstrual flow.

HOMOEOPATHIC APPROACH TOWARDS TUMORS

Dr. Hahnemann referred to Homoeopsychotherapy as the process by which a patient’s self-awareness of their illness could be enhanced by the physician’s mirroring back their understanding of the essence of the relationship between the patient’s physical, emotional and mental symptomology, after a complete casetaking, in a coherent, story-like format. Not only does the story-telling by the physician about the true homoeopathic simillimum to the patient enhance healing, it also supports a sense of being understood, compassionately cared for, and trust in the physician, which all promote the therapeutic process. More can be learned about Homoeopsychotherapy in Dr. Hahnemann’s Chronic Diseases.

Our pioneers of homoeopathy have used homoeopathic medicines treating the cases of cancer and noted down the indications of different homoeopathic medicines in different types and stages of cancer. Boericke materia medica is a type of clinical materia medica which is enriched with clinical symptoms of the homoeopathic medicines and here we have extracted the indications on cancer from the book:

ACETIC ACID- W Owens have quoted in materia medica that it acts on cancer of epithelial cell internally and locally. Burning pain as of an ulcer. Cancer of stomach. Sour belching and vomiting.

ARSENICUM IODATUM- After ulceration has set in the start of breast cancer. Epithelioma of the lip. It seems probable that in Arsenic iod, we have a remedy most closely allied to manifestations of tuberculosis

AURUM MURIATICUM- Tongue cancer. Tongue is hard as leather, induration after glossitis.

ANILINUM- Tumors of the urinary passages.

ASTERIAS RUBENS- A remedy for the sycotic diathesis; flabby, lymphatic constitution, flabby with red face Lancinating pains.

BELLADONNA- Tumors of breast, pain worse lying down.

BERBERIS AQUAFOLIUM- Tumor of breasts with pain.

BROMIUM- Tumor in breasts with stitching pains, worse left.

CALCAREA FLUORICA- Blood tumors of new born infants. Chief remedy for vascular tumors with dilated blood vessels and for varicose or enlarged veins.

CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATAPainful tumor of mammae, not ulcerated with undue secretion of milk. Women with very large breasts and tumors in the mammary gland with sharp pains through it.

CLEMATIS ERECTA- Glandular indurations and tumors of breast.

CALCAREA SULPHURICA- Cystic tumors.

THUJA OCCIDENTALIS- Tarsal tumors.

COLOCYNTHIS- Round, small cystic tumors in ovaries or broad ligaments.

CONIUM MACULATUM- Skin tumors; piercing pains, worse at night.

CADMIUM SULPHURATUMCarcinoma ventriculi; persistent vomiting.

GALIUM APARINE- Has power of suspending or modifying cancerous action. Has clinical confirmation of its use in cancerous ulcers and nodulated tumors of tongue.

CARBO ANIMALIS- Burning pain down thighs, uterine cancer. Nose swollen, tip bluish, small tumor on it.

Pancreatic disease; it gives relief in burning pain of pancreatic cancer. It is useful in uterine cancer; burning pain in uterus and vagina.

CARBONEUM SULPHURATUMIt’s very useful to restrain the growth of cancer.

CARDUUS MARIANUS- Useful in profuse diarrhea due to rectal cancer.

CISTUS CANADENSIS- Lupus, caries; open, bleeding cancer. The neck is studded with tumors, malignant disease of the glands of the neck.

CUNDURANGO- Allays the pain in gastralgia accompanying cancer of stomach, chronic gastric catarrh, syphilis and cancer. Ulcerative stage of carcinoma cutis when fissures form. Tumors, stricture of esophagus.

GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM-Tumor of the breast with swelling of axillary glands.

FRAXINUS AMERICANA- Uterine tumors with bearing down sensations.

HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS- Cancer and cancerous state, before ulcerations, when pain is the principal symptom. Ulcers and cancer of stomach. Tumor of breasts, nipples retracted. Cancerous formations in skin.

MERCURIUS IODATUM FLAVUSMammary tumors with tendency to much warm perspiration and gastric disturbances.

NATRIUM SILICOFLUORICUM- A cancer remedy, tumors.

SCROPHULARIA NODOSA- Very useful in the dissipation of breast tumors. Nodosities in the breast.

SEMPERVIVUM TECTORUMCancerous tumors Scirrhous induration of tongue Mammary carcinoma. Malignant ulcers of mouth. Cancer of tongue.

Research article:

Repertorial approach to benign neoplasm of breast Abstract

There are many cases of benign neoplasm treated successfully by homoeopathy till date. There are no doubts regarding the rich homoeopathic therapeutics available for the treatment of these tumours. But it is very important to identify the scope and limitation of homoeopathy in treating such cases along with the surgical intervention whenever needed.

The repertories used were Phatak’s Repertory, Murphy’s Repertory, Kent’s Repertory, BBCR and Knerr’s Repertory.

All the 14 rubrics from Phatak’s repertory for lump in mammae were repertorised and it was observed that no single remedy is covering more than 2 rubrics which indicates that the rubrics in this repertory are very peculiar for a specific condition which were added by Dr. Phatak after clinically verifying them.

Fig 1: Repertorisation using Phatak’s Repertory by Radar Opus

Fig 2: Repertorisation using Murphy’s Repertory by Radar Opus

Many rubrics related to tumors of breast are found in this repertory. 17 direct rubrics along with large number of cross references were found. When all direct rubrics were repertorised, Conium covered maximum number of rubrics for lump in breast followed by Carbo animalis.

Kent’s repertory consist of eleven direct rubrics and three cross references and when all rubrics were repertorised together Conium covered 6 rubrics, while other remedies like Graphitis, Carbo animalis, Silicea, Bryonia, Calcarea carb., Phytolaca, Lac- can covered only 3 or 4 rubrics.

Only 2 rubrics for nodes in breast are given in the section of ‘Chest’. Conium, Carboanimalis, Phytolacca and Silicea are 4 marks remedies for induration of breast in general.

Fig 4: Repertorisation using BBCR by Radar Opus

Fig 5: Repertorisation using Knerr’ Repertory by Hompath Zomeo

It was repertorised using Hompath Zomeo software as this repertory is not included in RADAR software. In Knerr’s repertory symptoms are more elaborated and clear form as they are recorded in patient’s words. Even though it is a concordance repertory 12 rubrics related to neoplasms of breast were found. Most of the rubrics contain hardly 1 or 2 remedies which are very peculiar.

Discussion

In Mruphy’s repertory Cross references for ‘breast tumors’ are ‘Cancer’, ‘ Induration’, ‘ Lumps’ and ‘ Nodule’. However the main rubric for ‘Fibroadenoma’ is given as ‘Cancer Breast, cancer: Fibroadenoma’ with only Calcarea flour as the remedy. Other peculiar rubric found in this repertory are ‘Breast induration, miscarriage after’ and ‘Breast nodules weather, in cold, wet’.

‘Chest- Induration: Mammae’ is the main rubric in Kent’s Repertory, where as ‘Chest- Nodules, sensitiveMammae, in’ is cross reference. Only this repertory includes rubrics specifying the sides that is ‘right’ or ‘left’

Injury as the cause of fibroadenoma is covered by BBCR, Kent & Murphy under rubrics ‘Chest- Mammae: Nodes, induration: Blows or injuries after:’, ‘Chest- Induration: Mammae: Contusion, after:’ & ‘BreastsTumors, breasts, growths, Injury, after:’ respectively.

The rubric for gaint fibroadenoma, described as ‘Pregnancy, Parturition, Lactation-Nipples: Tumor, hard, in right, large as a hen's egg’ is one of the rare rubrics but found in Knerr’s repertory. Few other rubric related to breast neoplasms are single remedy rubric.

Boericke’s Repertory has only one rubric in the section of female sexual system as Mammae: Tumours, nodosities even though it is a Clinical Repertory13 Even Complete repertory (26 rubrics) and Synthesis repertory (24 rubrics) were studied. Most of the rubrics were similar to the rubrics found in all the above mentioned repertories except 1 or 2 rubrics. ‘Chest: nodules: mammae: vaccination after’, Chest: nodules: mammae: weaning, after’ and ‘Chest- nodules, sensitive- mammae- excitement aggravation:’ found in complete and synthesis repertory respectively, were peculiar rubrics in these repertories.

Conclusion

By studying the rubrics from various repertories for benign neoplasms of breast we can conclude that our repertories cover almost all the symptoms and even the rarest, peculiar conditions representing these tumors. Hence the clinical repertories have their own scope and are very useful in such conditions when it is difficult to find the rubrics from general repertories.

Repertories are most useful and which consist of good number of rubrics related to benign neoplasms of breast

CASE STUDY 1

Name: Debojyoti Goshami

Age: 29

Sex:Male

Occupation: Self employed

Date of first visit: 26.5.22

Chief Complaints: Painfull small round mucoceles on mouth (lower lip),extremely Painfull when he eats something accidentally he bites the lower lips,tip of tongue very painful, white blisters on side close to root. Associated Complaints: Ithing all over the body specifically covered areas, he was suffering from gas and acidity, complete loss of appetite.chill in thighs,sweat on uncovered parts.

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray): No Investigations done

Past History: he was suffering from gas and acidity, irregular bowl habits, constipation.

Family History:

Father: Father is diabetic. with HTN

Mother: Mother is also diabetic

Brother/Sister: Nothing else

Grandparents: Grandparents died from heart attack from 8 years ago.

Physical General:

Appetite: Complete loss of appetite

Craving: Sweets

Aversion/Disagree: Salty things

Thirst: Normal

Perspiration: Sweats profuse with bad smell

Thermal: Normal

Stool: Irregular, hard Stool, 2 days interval

Urine: Burning sensation during urination.

Sleep: sound sleep

Dreams: Dreams of hills.

Menstrual history (For female patients): - no

Mental symptoms:

1 Angry with silly maters, fixed ideas

2 wants to alone always

3 Happy in personal Life, emotional sensitiveness

4 music causes weeping

5 Always reacts in every matter Fears: fear of death

Totality of symptoms: -

1 emotional sensitiveness

2 music causes weeping

3complete loss of appetite

4fixed ideas

5 Tip of tongue is painful

6 painful when urinating

Repertory used: -

1 Complete loss of appetite

2 Fixed ideas

3 All Complaints worse at night.

Medicine selected:

1. Thuja 30 / 5 drops thrice a day.

2.Tumorin drops 10 to 15 drops thrice a day with half cup of water.

Treatment and Follow up: Patient came after 15 days.

1. Thuja 30 / 4 drops thrice a day.

2.Tumorin drops 10 to 15 drops thrice a day with half cup of water.

3.Discussion regarding case: Tumorin is a very good medicine. After use that mucoceles came bigger.and finally it ruptured and liquids came out.

Conclusion if required: Tumorin is very good medicines for tumors, mucoceles.

References:

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr.Moumita Das ( B.H.M.S / W.B.H.U)

Gender: Female

Clinic Address: AD 288, Rabindrapally, Bandhan abasan, Ground floor chamber,7 no foot bridge,Kestopur, Kolkata 700101

Years of Experience: 11 years

Registration no: A29015

CASE STUDY 2

Name: Mrs. XYZ

Age: 44 years

Sex: Female

Occupation: House wife

Date of first visit: 2-3-22

Chief Complaints:

C/o profuse menstruation and early cycles since 8 months. Had taken allopathic treatment for same but complaints did not reduce Details of Chief Complaints

Duration of cycle-8 to 10 days

Cycle every 20 to 21 days

During menses-Severe pain in lower abdomen and back.

Type of flow 1st – 4th day -heavy flow with clots. 5th -9th day-normal flow

Type of bleeding Dark red blood

LMP-15-2-23

Agg: Exertion, during sleep,heat.

Amm-Rest and after menses

Associated Complaints:

Complaints associated with-Mental irritation, - gets angry easily Sensitivity to noise during menses

Complaints associated with body ache and weakness: NO

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray) -

Complete haemogram-HB-10.8 grams per mg dl

USG done on 27-1-22- Shows -multiple small uterine fibroids

Past History:

Chikungunya 6 years back

Covid 1 year back.

Recurrent tonsilitis on left side.

Family History:

Father: Healthy

Mother: Healthy

Brother/Sister: 1 brother-Healthy

Grandparents: Dead

Physical General:

Appetite: Increased

Craving: Bread

Aversion/Disagree: Not specific

Thirst: Moderate

Perspiration: In hot climate and on exertion

Thermal: Hot patient

Stool: Regular, once per day

Urine – 5/1

Sleep - Sound

Dreams-Not specific

Menstrual history (For female patients): -

Age of menarche-13 years

Cycles-Regular in past, now irregular for 8 months. Has two children with full term normal delivery

Mental symptoms:

1-Irrtation during menses

2-Gets angry easily

3 -Suspicious about everything specially people

4-Talkitive

5-Religious-Prays daily without fail

Fears: Insects, snakes and worms, night, darkness and closed room

Totality of symptoms: -

1. Irritation during menses

2. Gets angry easily

3. Suspicious about everything specially people

4. Talkative

5. Religious-Prays daily without fail

6. Fear of snakes

7. Fear of darkness

8. Profuse menstruation and

9. Early cycles

10. During menses-Severe pain in lower abdomen and back.

11. Heavy flow with clots.

12. Hot patient

Repertory used: -

1-Complete repertory

Medicine selected: Lachesis 200 two times for 3 days, Followed by PL for one month

Treatment and follow up: Patient was advised to come on 1st day of cycle 8-3-22-D1 of cycle Cycle occurred after 25 days of previous period, Clots reduced,Duration -6 days

Patient completely improved after 7 months with first prescription of Lachesis.

Discussion regarding case: It was a known case of multiple uterine fibroids

Treated with Lachesis 200 based on symptom similarity and repertorization

Conclusion if required: Complete cure is possible with Homoeopathy if treated according to symptom similarity and prescription is made based on homoeopathic principles.

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr Supriya J Kulkarni

Gender: Female

Clinic Address: Mind and Body Homoeopathic Clinic Belgaum, Karnataka.

Years of Experience: 15 years, Registration No: A-9030

CASE STUDY 3

Name: Sunanda Maity

Age: 52 yrs

Sex: female

Occupation: House - wife

Date of first visit: 5/09/2022

Chief Complaints: Pain and hard swelling on right foot for last 1 month

Associated Complaints: swelling is gradually increasing and pain also increasing for last 2 weeks. Pain both limbs aggravated when walking, after long rest, crackling sound on knees.

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray)

Family History: Father

Mother

Brother/Sister

Grandparents

Physical General:

Appetite: Good

Craving: hit foorlt

Aversion/Disagree: Spicy food

Thirst: less

Perspiration: Scsnty

Thermal: Chilly

Stool: Incomplete, regular

Urine: More on night, can't hood

Sleep: Disturbed due to pain

Fears:

Totality of symptoms: -

1 stony hardness of the swelling

2 pain aggravated morning

3 tenderness

Medicine selected: Calc. Flour 1M/4D + Tumorin

Treatment and Follow up: report after two weeks - pain and tenderness and Swelling reduced.

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr. Abhishek Neogy

Gender: Male

Clinic Address: 33/1, Padma Babu Road. Bally Howrah -711201

Years of Experience: 10 years

Registration No: A - 29463 (Council of Homoeopathy Medicine West Bengal)

CASE STUDY 4

Name: Mr. Abhishek Dutta

Age: 38 yrs

Sex: Male

Occupation: Business

Date of first visit: 22 Jan 2022

Chief Complaints:

A painless swelling on back for 3 yrs, slight left of vertebral column

Associated Complaints:

It is hard , non movable tumor

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray)

FNAC: benign tumor

Past History:

Family History:

Father

Mother

Brother/Sister

Grandparents

Physical General:

Appetite

Craving

Aversion/Disagree

Thirst

Perspiration

Thermal

Stool

Urine

Sleep Dreams

Menstrual history (For female patients):

Totality of symptoms:

1 Painless hard tumor on left of vertebral column

Medicine selected: Thuja 30, Tumorin

Treatment and Follow up: Thuja 200, Tumorin

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr. Debdeep kar

Gender: Male

Clinic Address: 70/1, Brahma samaj road, Kolkata 700034

Years of Experience: 15 yrs

Registration No: 26597

CASE STUDY 5

Name: Sajal Bhatacharjee

Age: 58 yrs

Sex: Male

Occupation: Worker

Date of first visit: 13 sep 21

Chief Complaints:

Growth in occiput region (benign growth), a cyst at right wrist. Thin, lean patient susceptible to cold with some gastric problem

Associated Complaints:

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray) No abnormal result

Past History:

Family History:

Father

Mother: Nil

Brother/Sister

Grandparents

Physical General:

Appetite: Not so good

Craving: Ok

Aversion/Disagree: Nothing important

Thirst: Normal

Perspiration: Normal

Thermal:

Stool: Constipation with dysentery sometimes

Medicine selected:

Treatment and Follow up: Use medicine and got result with tumorin drops

Discussion regarding case: got result so much in 3 months, become soft and slightly small

Conclusion if required:

References: treatment continue till now

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr. Kashmira Kanjilal

Gender: Female

Clinic Address: Malancha , po nimpura 721304 kharagpur

Years of Experience: 16 yrs

Registration No: 23700

CASE STUDY 6

Name: Ms. Puja Bose

Age: 24 yrs

Sex: Female

Occupation: Student

Date of first visit: 10 feb 19

Chief Complaints: irregular & scanty menstruation

Lump in breast both sides

Pain in breast

Associated Complaints:

Loss of hair

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray)

USG whole abdomen: shows polycystic ovary with myoma in uterus

Memmography: shows both breast fibro adenoma

Past History:

Family History:

Father: Oesteoarthritis

Mother: hypertension,hyperglycemia

Brother/Sister: brother healthy

Grandparents:

Physical General:

Appetite: Good

Craving: Eggs

Aversion/Disagree

Thirst: Ok

Perspiration: Nothing abnormal

Thermal: Normal

Stool: Regular

Urine: Nothing abnormal

Sleep: Good

Dreams:

Menstrual history (For female patients):

Scanty 1-2 days & irregular

Totality of symptoms:

1. Scanty menses

2. Irregular menses

3. Fibro adenoma both breast

4. Polycystic ovary

5. Myoma in uterus

Medicine selected: Calcarea Iod 200 , Tumorin drops

Treatment and Follow up: conium mac 200, tumorin drops

Discussion regarding case: after 6 months of treatment , patient better than before

Menstruation: 3 to 4 days, flow increased

Lump in breast: size reduce and soft in nature

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr. Prosenjit Bhowmik

Gender: Male

Clinic Address: Anande

Pharmacy, haltu West Bengal

Kolkata 78

Years of Experience: 10 yrs

Registration No: 22743( west Bengal)

CASE STUDY 7

Name: XYZ

Age: 35 yrs

Sex: female

Occupation: Housewife

Date of first visit: 16 may 21

Chief Complaints:

Left breast tumor

Associated Complaints:

pain stitching, breast, back, & left hand

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray)

Left breast fibroid

TSH :11.9

Past History:

known case of thyroid

Family History:

Father: blood pressure patient

Mother: Normal

Brother/Sister: Normal

Grandparents: Normal

Physical General:

Appetite: Excess

Craving: Spicy food

Aversion/Disagree: Milk

Thirst: Normal

Perspiration: sour smell

Thermal:

Stool: Normal

Urine: Normal

Sleep: disturbed

Dreams: No

Menstrual history (For female patients): Late

Repertory used:

1. Kent’s repertory

Medicine selected: conium mac, asterium rubrum, iodium

Treatment and Follow up: tumorin drops

Discussion regarding case: improvement of case after 2 weeks

Conclusion if required: continue all the medicines

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr. Shreekant singh

Gender: Male, Clinic Address: 18 no, agarsen howarah 711204

Years of Experience: 22 yrs, Registration No: 02872

CASE STUDY 8

Name: Snehasis patra

Age: 45 yrs

Sex: male

Occupation: Farmer

Date of first visit: 8 aug 22

Chief Complaints:

A glandular swelling on supraclavicular region

Associated Complaints:

Mild pain with mild softness

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray)

USG of supraclavicular region ( chest)

Past History:

Nothing as such

Family History:

Father: Alive, Healthy

Mother: Alive, Healthy

Brother/Sister: No

Grandparents: Dead, Cause Unknown

Physical General:

Appetite: Moderate

Craving: Sweet, Sour

Aversion/Disagree: Vegetables

Thirst: Normal

Perspiration: Profuse

Thermal: Hot

Stool: Not Clear

Urine: Scanty

Sleep: Dissatisfactory

Dreams: Not as such

Mental Symptoms:

1 craving for Sweets

2 Afraid to be alone

3 Loss of self confidence

4 Averse to undertake new things

Fears: Afraid to be alone

Medicine selected: Lycopodium 30/6

Treatment and Follow up: Selected medicine used properly and given tumorin drops as per my direction

References: treatment continuing

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr. Shubhrojeet pal

Gender: Male

Clinic Address: Sukantapally , bhawanipur, Kharagpur, 721301

Years of Experience: 2 yrs, Registration No: 33214

CASE STUDY 9

Name: Mr. Sumit Hajoor

Age: 55 yrs

Sex: Male

Occupation: Service

Date of first visit: 5 July 2022

Chief Complaints:

A tumor like growth into the right shoulder, no pain and no tenderness suffering from 8 years. Heavy feeling, soft in nature. Axillary gland is not showing.

Associated Complaints:

Heavy feelings

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray)

N/A

Past History:

Family History:

Father: Sugar pt

Mother: High Blood pressure

Brother/Sister: Brother also have Sugar

Grandparents: Not

Physical General:

Appetite: Normal

Craving: Meat, Egg, Fish

Aversion/Disagree

Thirst: 2.5 to 3 litres

Perspiration: Normal

Thermal: Normal

Stool: Normal

Urine: Normal

Sleep: Normal

Dreams: Nothing significant

Mental symptoms:

1. Weeping easily

Medicine selected: Tumorin; Thuja 200/2 dose, Thuja 1M/ 2 dose, Placebo 30 ( for 2 weeks)

Treatment and Follow up: Repeat Thuja 1M/ 1 dose and Tumorin drop

Conclusion if required: Patient completely recovered from his complaints

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr. Suman Chakraborty; Gender: Male

Clinic Address: 29, Bhattacharya Para Lane city, Howrah – 711104

Years of Experience: 19 years; Registration No: 25279

CASE STUDY 10

Name: Seema Bagla

Age: 28 years

Sex: Female

Occupation: Charted Accountant (CA)

Date of first visit: 9th Feb 2022

Chief Complaints:

Small hard nodules on right wrist joint, slight pain present during writing

Associated Complaints: Nothing

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray) No

Past History: Nothing Significant

Family History:

Father

Mother

Brother/Sister

Grandparents

Physical General:

Appetite: Good

Craving: Aversion/Disagree

Thirst: Moderate

Perspiration: Normal

Thermal: Ambithermal

Stool: Normal

Urine: Normal

Sleep: Normal

Menstrual history (For female patients): Normal

Medicine selected: Ruta 1M, Conium 1M, Tumorin drops

Treatment and Follow up: Follow up medicine for 4 months

Discussion regarding case: Hard nodules disappear & pain also got relieved.

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr. Anju Agarwal

Gender: Female

Clinic Address: 106, K.C.S. road, Ganges garden, Howrah, Shibpur Pin - 711102

Years of Experience: 12 years

CASE STUDY 11

Name: Mr.Arjun Prajapati

Age: 25

Sex: Male

Occupation: worker

Date of first visit: 5/02/2023

Chief Complaints: Painful Ganglion cyst over the wrist.

Associated Complaints:

Patient unable to move wrist. Because excessive painful.

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray)

FNAC: not done

Past History: NAD

Family History:

Father: NAD

Mother: NAD

Brother/Sister: NAD

Grandparents: NAD

Physical General:

Appetite: Good

Craving: Not specific

Aversion/Disagree: NAD

Thirst: Normal

Perspiration: Normal

Thermal: Normal

Stool: Normal

Urine: Normal

Sleep: Good

Dreams: Not Specific

Mental symptoms:

1. Fear of Incurable Disease

Medicine Selected:

Treatment and Follow up: Tumorin Drop

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr.Sachin Maheshwari

Gender: Male

Clinic Address: Palak Homoeopathic Clinic Astha

Years of Experience: 10 Years; Registration No: 19763

CASE STUDY 12

Name: Mrs. Santosh Sharma

Age: 68 years

Sex: Female

Occupation: Housewife

Date of first visit: 13 Nov 2022

Chief Complaints:

Swelling on right side of head – occiput region

K/C/O Gastritis

Associated Complaints: Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray)

Past History:

Haemorrhoids: Took allopathic treatment

Family History:

Father

Mother: Had cystic swelling on head

Physical General:

Appetite: average, 3 meals/ day

Thirst: 2 litres/ day

Perspiration: Nothing significant

Thermal: ambithermal

Stool: D2, regular, semi solid consistency

Urine: clear

Sleep: Sound, refreshing

Dreams: nothing significant

Mental symptoms:

1. Calm and cooperative

2. Anxiety on hearing bad news

Medicine selected: 1) Tumorin drops 2) Silicea 1M / 1 dose followed by Sac lac for 3 months

Treatment and Follow up: Tumorin drops followed, avoid undue pressure over the cyst

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr. Anil Gautam

Gender: Male

Clinic Address: 11 vishwakarma complex, paschimpuri road, sikandra, Agra 282007

Years of Experience: 43 years

Registration No: H17443

CASE STUDY 13

Name: Mrs. Gati

Age: 36 years

Sex: Female

Occupation: Govt. Teacher

Date of first visit: 24 Sept 2022

Chief Complaints:

Needle like pain in bilateral breast since 5 days with milky discharge on pressing. Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray) (25/9/2022) USG (b/l breast) – small right simple cyst (6X 2 mm) at 11 O’ clock position, Hypoechoic lesion in right breast at 5 O’ clock position. (7 X 7 mm), BIRADS II 29/01/2023 USG (b/l breast) – No Abnormality Detected

Past History:

Iron deficiency anemia

Physical General:

Appetite: 3 meals/ day

Thirst: 2.5 liters / day

Thermal: Chill

Stool: Constipated, unsatisfactory

Urine: Clear, NAC

Sleep: Refreshing

Menstrual history (For female patients): - Menses regular flow & scant, dark coloured, Cycle: 3/ 24 days

Mental symptoms:

1. Anxious about health

2. Talkative

3. Always in hurry

Medicine selected: 25/9/2022 - Conium 200/ stat, Silicea 6x / BD, Belladonna 30/ TDS

Treatment and Follow up: 11/12/2022 - Graph 200/ 1 dose, Sil 6x/ BD, Belladonna 200/ TDS, 29/01/2023 Sac Lac / 30 for 15 days

DOCTOR’S DETAILS:

Name: Dr. Disha Gautam

Gender: Female

Clinic Address: German Homoeo Medi Centre

YOE: 8years

Regd No: H037411

CASE STUDY 14

Name: Mrs. ABC

Age: 37 years

Sex: Female

Occupation: Home maker

Chief Complaints:

Skin eruption located at wrist of right hand since 3.5 years

Associated Complaints:

Nothing significant

Investigations (Blood reports/USG/X-ray)

FNAC – non – neoplastic lesion suggestive of Ganglion cyst

Past History:

Subclinical hypothyroid – Taking Thyronorm 25 mcg

Family History:

Father: Diabetic

Mother: Diabetic

Brother/Sister: Nothing Significant

Grandparents: Natural death

Physical General:

Appetite: Normal

Craving: Salty, spicy things

Aversion/Disagree: Nothing significant

Thirst: 3 litres / day usually desire cold water

Perspiration: Normal

Thermal: Hot

Stool: unsatisfactory, irregular bowel once in two days

Urine: D6N2, Normal

Sleep: Irregular sleep pattern

Dreams: Nothing significant

Menstrual history (For female patients):

Regular menstruation

Cycle duration: 3 days/ 28 days

Flow: scanty, dark coloured

Mental symptoms:

1. Melancholy

2. Disturbed due to irregular sleep

3. Apathic to house chores

4. Indifferent to children, dislikes company of people

5. Avoid social life

Fears: Nothing significant

Totality of symptoms:

1. Apathy towards work

2. Eruption right limb, wrist

3. Thirst, desire cold drinks

3. Desire, salt things

4. Hot thermal reaction

5. right sided complaints

6. Indifference, children for

7. Melancholy mood

Repertory used: - Synthesis 9.0, Kent’s repertory

1. Naturm Mur

2. Sepia

3. Phos

Medicine selected: 17 Nov 2022

Sepia 1M/ 1 dose, Tumorin drops

Treatment and Follow up: 20 Dec 2022

Rubrum met, Tumorin drops

Discussion regarding case: Size reduced from 2x1.5 cm to 0.5X0.5 cm

Conclusion if required: Tumorin drops goes well with benign or non-neoplastic changes in body

References: Patient doesn’t want to share details.

DOCTOR’S DETAILS

Name: Dr. Neha Singh

Gender: Female

Clinic Address: Bhavil Healthcare Consultancy

Years of Experience: 8 years

Registration No: 5109

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