The Last Column

Adnan al-Bayati Harunur Rashid Sergey Crisp Mohame Rajdev Ranjan Munir Ahmed Alfrets Mirulewa Fesshaye "Joshua" Yohannes Mohammad Vagif Kochetkov Zubair Khaksar IvoSangi Pukanic Maya Naser José Everardo Aguilar Amparo Leonor Jiménez Pallares Cosme MN Bilal Ahmed Bilal Felicitas Martínez Mohammed Thabet al-Obeidi Alexander Chulanov Fernando Marcelino Gregorio Rodríguez Hernández Luis Ronaldo De León Godoy Carlos Orteg Pablo Emilio Parra Murodullo Sheraliev Mateo Cortés Martínez Yolanda Ordaz de la Cruz Ali Hassan al-Jaber Mohammed Kamara Luís Gustavo da Silva Dyar Abas Ahmed LuizCarlos Antônio da Costa Juan Emilio AndúC Ítalo Eduardo Diniz Barros Settha Sririwat Mykhailo Kolomyets Luiz Barbon Filho Mohamed Miroslava Breach Velducea Abdulrazak Hashim Ayal al-Khakani Haji Abdul Razzaq Baloch Mohame Gleydson Carvalho Anak Agung Prabangsa Elmar Huseynov Gleydson Carvalho Cecilio Pineda Conrad Birto Roy Abdirizak Ali Abdi Ali Abdel Aziz Édison Alberto Molina Bhola Nath Masoom Dmitry Ismail Nazir Karim Abdel Saman Abdullah Izzedine Abdul-Hussein Khazal Víctor Manuel Báe And Edgar Quintero Misael López Solana Ali Shafeya al-Moussawi Abdullah Sobhi al-Ghazawi Mahmud Ali Dhan Cynthia Elbaum KhaledDomínguez Mohammad Nofan ArefArnulfo Ali Filaih Bahadur Rok Sufi Mohammad Khan Marcos Borges Ribeiro Samya Abd Pierre Anceaux Wassan Al-Azzawi Carlos Rodríguez Villanueva Milton Fabián Sánchez Rodolfo Rincón Taracena Anja Daniel Niedringhaus Mahad Salad Adan Abdulrazak Hashim Ayal al José Couso Selwan Abdelghani Medhi al-Niem Chingiz Fuad-ogly Mustafayev Edgar Esqueda Castro André Kameya Djamel Ziater Shukri Abu al-Burghul Ghulam Muhammad Lone David Bolkvadze Naimullah Thaker al Carlos William Flores Oscar Javier Hoyos Narváez Abdelqadir Anatoly Levin-Utkin Yolanda Ordaz de Abdelkader Hireche Edgar Lopes de Faria Ahmed Jabbar Hashim Anura Priyantha Ahmed al-Assam Dmitry Popkov Abdel Karim al-Khaiwani Jorge Luis Marroquín Sagastume Mohammed Sayyed Hassan Abdul Manan Arghand Guillermo Agudelo Anwar al-Rakan Mohamed Najmedin Ali Ahmed Abdi León Malik Musab Mahmood al-Ezawi Juan Francisco Rodríguez Ríos Djamel Abdul Razzak Johra Bonifacio Gregorio Mark Gilbert Arriola Adolfo Isuiza Urquia Jorge Torres Palacios Ali Abbas Robert Chamwami Shalubuto Saidmurod Yerov Abdul Raheem Kour Hassan Juan Javier Ortega Reyes Ssentongo Jacinto Hernández Torres GinaAr Juan Carlos Hassan Osman Abdi Dickson K. Muthuranalingam Hazzam Mohamed Zeid Guillermo Cano Hassan Mayow Hassan Maharram Durrani Mehmood JanBenavides Afridi Bladimir Antuna García Dekendra Raj Thapa Brahim Shujaat Bukhari Singh GelsonAlfredo Domingos da Silva Thaer Ahmad Jaber Taras Protsyuk Marisol Revelo Barón Marcel Lubala Deyd Mohamed Abazied Abadullah Hananzai Abad López Wissam Ali Ouda Eduardo Maas Bol Dharmendra Jochen Piest Cándido Ríos Vázquez Philipp Ali al-Khatib Hassan Kafi Hared Volker Handloik Arquímedes Arias Henao Bruno Arturo Eduardo Carvalho Dmitry Shvets Desidario Camangyan Jacquet Betia Ossébi Ulf S Jamal Abdul-Nasser Sami Mahad Ali Mohamed Abdisatar Daher Sabriye Marco Luchetta Álvaro Alfredo Aceituno López Delgado Edwin Rivera Paz Mohamed Sander Thoenes Ardiansyah Matra'is Mick Deane Yolanda Ordaz de Al-Hosseiny Abou Deif Marco Antonio Ávila García Miguel Gil Moreno de Mora Guillermo Quiroz Filadelfo Sánchez S Filadelfo Sánchez Sarmiento Edgar Pantaleón Fernández Fleitas Abdul Wahab Ahmed al-Rubai'i Hadi Anawi al-Joubouri Adolfo Sánche Mohamed Guessab Leiron Ghulam Rasool Sheikh Adolfo Sánchez Guzmán Harb Hazzah al-Duleimi Jean-Léonard Rugambage Arcadi Ruderman José Abel Salazar Serna José Givonaldo V Germán Antonio Rivas Danny Hernandez Anton AnnaDela Politkovskaya Antonio Russo Ali Hassan al-Jaber Abdul-Rahim Nasrallah al-Shimari Gennady Pavlyuk Ali Ghani Gina Cruz Eliseo Barrón H Eliseo Barrón Hernández Khushvaht Muborakshoev Malika Sabour R Gabrielle Marian Hulsen Dzhumakhon Khotami Eduardo Estrada Gutiérrez Armando Saldaña Morales Hussein al-Jabouri AhmedMunera al-Shaibani Luciano Leitão Pedrosa Martin Eduardo Elidio Ramos Zárate Alejandro Zenón Fonseca Estrada Ahmed Ayham Mostafa Ghazzoul Eustorgio Co Slavko Curuvija Dominique Lonneux Edo Sule Ugbagwu AhmadPaul Omaid Ahmed Abdel Gawad Khpalwak Anis Qassem Arkan Sharifi Ejaz Dolores Guadalupe García Escamilla Aiz Jean Ibarra Ramírez María Carlin Fernández Andrei Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri Alaa Qassem Mohan María Efigenia Vásquez Astudillo Andrew Hlayel Sunday Gyang Bwede Ali Sergey Novikov Baguda Kaltho Athiwat Chaiy Dwijamani Singh J Pablo Pineda Sami Abu Amin Metin Ali Shihab al-Tamimi Michael Tshele Pablo Emilio Medina Motta Yusuf Ahmed Abuka Rachida Djamel Bouhidel Alex Balcoba Robe Tou Chhom Mongkol Al Narendra Dabholkar Jaafar Salvador Saoman Adame Ali Pardo Salvador Sánch Muhammad Jan Conteh Kazbek Gekkiyev Sharif Metin Alataş Shehab Mohammad al-Hiti Gina Dela Cruz Rupe Haymin Mohamed Salih Mohamad Jamal Nowroz Ali Rajabi Devi Prasad Dhital Carsten T Henry Araneta Abdelhamid Yahiaoui Gina Dela Cruz Bakshi Tir Gerardo Ortega Mabay Kamara Pierre Muhammed Tariq Jadua Zaqueu de Oliveira Andres Teodoro Zahra Kazemi Vincent Fr Ernie Rollin Mahmoud Za'al Felix Titov Nazih Rafiq Tagi Alahin Hussein Patient Chebeya Tahrir Kadhim Jawad Nazim Babaoglu Andre Omar Mohammed Hers Ali Romeo Jimmy Ca Hannibal Cachuela Abdullah Qabil Edinaldo Filgueira Mohamed Isaq Enzo Baldoni El-Hadj Mohame Al Ivan Darío Pelayo Hiro Muramoto Sharofuddin Kosimov Bakhti Benaouda Ali Mustafa Yusuf Ahmed Abukar Slavko Curuvija Sarwa Abd Roberto Marcos Mazen al-Tumeizi GrigolKazemi Chikhladze Zahra Arnnel Manalo Rolando Morales Mazen al-Tumeizi Byron Bal Suhail Mahmoud Rafiq Tagi Robinso José Carlos Mesquita Samer Mohammed Aboud Novruzal Marcel Legré Zineddine Alio Pedro Yauri Simon Cumbers Rajesh Verma AliPetro Saleemi Shevchenko Stan Storimans Parmanand Goyal Juan José Yantuche Tharcisse R Raje Alejandro Jaramillo Mohamed Abderrahmani Georgy Gongadze Marites Cablitas Suresh Linbiyo Hassan Zubeyr Nasrullah Khan O Abdullahi Mustaf Abdi Noor Callixt Rodolfo Maya Aricape John Schofield Paul Rivas Bravo Adnan al-Safi Andres Alaa Uldeen Aziz Paúl Rivas Bravo Ziad Tarek al-Dibo Paul Chauncey Bailey Per-Ove Carlsson Khaled a Ambika Timsina Mehboob Khan Hadi Alex Balcoba Abdul Aziz Shaheen Abu Yezen aA Fernando Solijon Georgy Chanya Supian Epe Samuel Oliverio Rolando Morales Philip Agustin Vincent Ro Sadrul Alam Nipul Dennis Cuesta Anastasiya Baburova Mohamed al-Hamdani Pavel Sheremet Boutr Héctor González Antonio Khaled al-Zintani Stephane V Raed Qays Pierre Kabeya Karim Fakhrawi Kladoumbay Shifa Zikri Ibrahi Jill Dando Paul Kiggundu Alaa Uldeen Ismail Aziz H Napoleon Salaysay Romeo Jimmy Cabillo Duraid IsaAhmed Mohammed Georg Vadim Alferyev Nelson Ameur Ouagueni Suhail Mahmoud Paul Rivas Bravoal-Ali Sonny Alcantara Walid Jam Adnan Kh Mahmood Daoud Sayed Mehdi Husaini John Schofield Phamon P Amer Diab Bola Jaafar Ali Rodrigo Neto Karim Fakhrawi Altaf Ahmed Faktoo N.A. Lalruhlu Jorg José Ramírez Puente Leyla Yildizhan Fidaa al-B Ahmed Abu Georgy Chanya Alexis Bandyatuyaga Enzo Baldoni Ali Mustafa Jaafar Ferna Gerardo Bedoya Borrero Ali Teodoro Escanilla Elsa Cayat Carmelo Felix Solovyov Abdirizak Kasim Iman Sergei Grebenyuk Shefk Charles Karinganire Muhammad Jan Mohamed Akhilesh Pratap Sadrul Al Shefki Popova Abdelqadir Fassouk Al Ahmed Azize Kamiran Salaheddin Declaud Djera Rajesh Verma Javier Valdez Juan Carlos Huerta Gregori Gimbler Perdomo Zamora Jamal al-Z Mohammed Ibrahim Camille Lepage Alfrets Mirulewan Elmar Dilip Moha Alpha Amadu Bah Issa Jaafar Askhat Sharipjanov Ali Soran M Ali Pathak Jaafar Ajmal Naqshbandi Ali Ibrahim Larisa Yudina Carlos Dinesh Pedro Tamayo Rosas Suha Tim Hetherington Abdirizak Kasi Larry Lee Ali Adnan Kotaro Ogawa Jamal al-Zubaidi John McNamara Omar Abdul Qader Borys Derevyanko David Gauri Lankesh Ambika Gilkey Jeremy Little Rogelio Butalib Ferhat Cherkit Hassan Ali Alwan Ernis Julius Nazalov Abshir Gabre SamimCarlos Faramarz Askhat Shari Ibrahim Oleh Devi PrasS Juan Encinas Peter Moi Brignol Lindor Almigdad Mojalli Andrea Rocchelli Mikhail Beketov Greg Breus Hapalla A Georgi Stoev Kamiran Sala Larry Lee Mirza Iqbal Hussain Bra Ahmed Wael Bakri Abdul Aziz Shaheen Franck Kangundu Awale Andrei Barkhat Mironov Sayfettin Tepe Parmenio Med Georges Wolinski Milos Vulo Jaafar Pervez Khan Ali Allan Jill D Dizon Ando Ratovonirina Hadi al-Mahdi Boutros Martin Asiya Abdirahman Elpidio Binoya Igor Kornelyuk Kemal KilicIskandar Dilip Declaud Djerabe Shukur Hossain Shao Yunhuan Mahmoud Natouf Eduardo González Sergei Krasilnikov Dinesh Pathak Maksim Maksimov Andrei Soloviev Gimbler Perdomo Jawad al-Daami Anja Niedringhaus Rebec Mohammed Ibrahim Vijay Prat Mohammad Imran Mohammad Daud A José Eli Sharifova Escalante Alejandro Pérez Ali Jaafar Shihab al-Tamimi Anwar Turki Kishvaroy Myles Bashar al-Nuaimi Arnnel Manalo Jose Bernardo Sagal Salad Osman Jordi Pujol Eddie Jesus Apostol Mohammad Azizullah Ha Ibrahim Seneid Alberto López Bello Juan "Jun" Joselito Pala Agustin Ebrahim Pierre Fould Gerges HaidarSalazar Hashim Federico FelixSuhail Titov Mohamed Dorba DeydaLuis Hydara Alexander Abdullahi Madkeer Fernando Razon José Cabezas Arun Si Alison Saúl Noé Martín José Givonaldo Parker Bala Nadarajah Iyer Shehzad Ahmed Jagjit Saikia Mohammad Khalid Rebecca Smith Fuad al-Shamri Aslam Durr Brian Smith Ahmed Abu Hussein Néstor Villar OsaJ Hernani Pastolero Mohamed Ibrahim Gabow Nansok Duraid Isa Mohammed BrianKlebnikov Smith Paul Riv Paul Arshad AliAhmad Jafri Shifa Zikri Ibrahim Alejandro Reblando Sergei Kra Roddy Scott Wasi Qureshi Joaquin Robert Ra Bassem Fawaz Francis Nyaruri Mohamed Quratem Sojanovic Marc B Vijay Pratap Singh Karun Misra Victor Randrian Karmela Layal Ahmed Ismail HassanNajib Stephane Vi Adnan al-Bayati Hisham Mijawe Dilshan Ibash Abdelhamid Benmeni Roberto Marcos García Arun Si Pirimkul Sattori Subash Cha Sarmad Hamdi Bobi Shaker Dina Mohammed Hassan Georgy Sanaya Jimmy Higenyi Tsankov Christopher Allen Byron lberto Berbon Ricardo Ortega Athiwat Cha José Emeterio Rivas Hamid al-Duleimi Abdirahman Yasin Ali Natalya Joaquin Andrei Mironov Eiphraim Audu Dharmeratnam Sivaram Dilshan Ibash Ahlam Youssef Alejandro Jaramillo Tito Pilco Ricard Viktor Mikhailov Anastasiya Hiro Mura Tim Heth Yahya Abdul Mori Hamid Heorhiy Chechyk B Omar Arghandewal George Abanga Georgy Gongadze Mohamed al-Mesalma Bapuw Milos Vulovic Mian Iq José Luis Cabezas Henry Araneta Mahmoud Saremi Gina DelaAdnan CruzHéctor BalaBassem Nadarajah Iyer al-S Fawaz al-Zabi Dhia Najim Gabriel Fino Noriega Asfan Aleh Azizullah Haidari Jh Dhia Byabenin Najim Mustafa Salamah Aboud Ding Sade Alejandro Re Abdul Wahed Abd Samer Mohammed Ghazi Rasooli Arecio Padrigao George Benaojan Ahmed Abu al-Hamza Ghaith Abd al-Jawad Bashar alKutlu Adali Paritosh Pandey Callixte Kalissa Bakshi Tirath Singh Francis Anatoly Fidaa al-Baali Ahmad Shamkhan Kagirov Shank JamalJawed al-Sharaabi Brahim Kemal Kilic Mohammad al-Qadasi Said Guaraoui Tahlil Ahmed Basel Yo Khadija Dahmani Abel Girón Morales Olivi GérardCantoneros Denoze Mohamed al-Mesalma JoséTawfiq Amaya Ja Klein Muhammad Umar Mohamed al-M Laurent Bisset Sokratis Giolias Stanisl Arun Narayan D Atwar Bahjat Jor Asfandyar Khan Alwan Chmagh al-Ghorabi Saeed Jhoy Duhay Rami Rayan Winifrida Suresh Linbiyo Mohamed al-Mesalma Sheikh Belaluddin Marco Antonio E Safa Isma'il Enad Mohamed Yamen Naddaf Shehzad Ahmed Ricardo Monlui Cabrera Walgney Assis Hilal a Zubair Ahmed Mu Sheikh Belaluddin Jean Al-Ahmad Léopold Dominique Ahmed Jassem Jomaa Waldemar Milewicz Benjie Adolfo Edgar Damalerio Gabriel Cr Anthony Macharia Alisher Saipov Chris Hondros Anastase José Darío Arenas Asfandyar Khan Alfonse Rutsindura Maksim Firas Maadidi Jyotirmoy Dey AdelS Ahmed Kafi Awale Christopher Guarin Rami al-Sayed Harry Yansaneh Agustín López Nolasco Orkhan Dzhemal Faisal Arefin Dipan Hayatullah Khan Ahmed Farah Ilyas Akhmednabi Akhmednabiyev Javier Valdez Cárdenas Bakhtiyar Haddad Filolisho Khilvatshoev Carlos Quispe Quispe Aurelio Cabrer Juan Hussein Carlos Vásquez Fadhil Hazem Fadhil Amer al-Rashidi Jaime Rengifo Revero Aleksandr Rastorguyev Musa Njuki Aung Malallah Kyaw Bernabé Cortés Va Jorge Enrique Urbano Basil Ibra Mohamed AbdNaing Al-Rahman Ahmed Hassan Mahad Syed Saleem Shahzad Ahmad Mohamed Mahmoud Ahmed Khattab Omar Christopher IbanSánchez Lozada Anna Politkovskaya Efraín Varel Alberto Graves Chakussanga Shahir al-Muaddamani Atilano Segundo Pérez Barrios Natalya Estemirova Adolphe Missamba Ndengi Kavula Hassan Yusuf Absuge Bekim Francisco Pacheco Beltrán Gabriel Huge Córdova Shantanu So'oud Muzahim al-Shoumari Reinaldo Coutinho da Silva Mauricio Estrad Mohammad Milad Viktor Indika Pathinivasan Sultan Mohammed Munadi Vincent Rwabukwisi Olimjon Shafiullah Khan Belmonde Magloire MY Gabriel Gruener Fadel Shana Ahmed Janullah Hashimzada Ahmed Assem el-Senousy Ananta Bijoy Das Hussein Al-Maliki Eldy Sablas Basil Ahmet al-Sayed Taner Musa Khankhel Hindia Haji AhmedRegina Rajib Haider José Luis Rojas Ammar al Argemiro Cárdenas Agudelo Ivan Safronov Laurent Aristeu Ángel Castillo C Fadel al-Hadidi Guida da Anas al-Tarsha Gabrielle maria Mohammed Eissa Kamal Manahi Anbar Jesus "Jessie" Tabanao Abukar Perez Hassan Mohamoud Elvis Banggoy Nahúm Palacios Arteaga Ma Carlos Lajud Catalan Mahmoud Shabaan al-Haj Hadhir Obada Ghazal Musa Anter Farkhad Kerimov Alboh Qais al-Jazar Oleg Slabynko José Alberto Velázquez López James Edwin Richards Facely Camara Hernán David Choquepata Ordoñez Enrique Peralta Fuad Muhammad Syafruddin Moham FirasEdward Mohammed Attiyah G. Raj Nur Muse Aswan Lutfallah Sergey Ivanov Haidar al-Hussein Ahmed HadiAhmed Naji Guzmán Quintero Torres Karam Kabishou Sardasht Osman Hemant Yadav Gene Boyd Lumawag Carlos Alberto Orellana Chávez Alaa Butros Rafed Mahmoud Said al-Anbagy Mohame Benjamín Flores González Hassan Ou Julio César Da Rosa G.Hindia Gopinath Humberto Millán Carlos Adel Naji Cardoso al-Mansouri Chuvit Tihomir Tunukovic Chueharn Tesfaye Tadesse Abdulkhafar Abdulkadir Parvaz Mohamme Aleksandr Aleksandr Smirnov Yefremov Ammar Mohamed Suhail Zado Nurul Isla Haji Mohamed Jairo Elías Márquez Gallego Salvador Medina Velázquez Abdullah al-Qadry Majid Dirani Diego de Jesús Rojas Velásquez Bakhsheesh Elahi Cihan Hayırsevener José Manuel Nava Sánchez José Moisés Sánchez Cerezo Kamal Hossain Jerges Mahmood Mohamad Suleiman Manuel de Dios Unanue Sayomchai Vijitwittayapong Stephe Khaled Fayyad Obaid al-Hamdani Aleksandr Sidelnikov Surapong Ritthi Ma Jefferson Pureza Lopes Olivier Que Mario Vendiola Baylosis Julio Anguita Parrado Kenji Nagai José Luis León Desiderio Jean-Claude Jumel Abdirisak Mohamed Warsame Jose Maria dos Santos Jenner "J.C." Cole Martín La Rotta Omar Rasim Norv Kadri Bağdu Khadim Hussain Sheikh Simao Roberto Al Claude Verlon Ihsan a Pamphile Simbizi Mylvaganam Nimalarajan Maheshwar Pahari Salah al-Din Hassan Orislândio Timóteo Araujo Ramziya Moushee Sahar Saad Eddine al-Nuaimi Nadezhda Chaikova Carlos Oveniel Lara Domínguez Michelle Lang Saed Mahdi Shlash Radoslava Dada Vujasinovic Charles Bideri-Mu Juan Mendoza OkezieAbd A Mohammad Yusop Perea Quintanilla Siddique BachaMohamed Khan Enrique Julio Fuentes Chet Duong Daravuth Tarun Kumar Acharya Volker Kraemer Lamine Legoui Natan Pereira Gatinho Safa al-Din Tara Singh Hayer Amr Badir al-Dee Shirindzhon Amirdzhonov Noel López Olguín Suleiman al-Chidiac Sandeep Sharma Julio Castillo Narváez Ogulsapar M Azhar Abdullah Mohammed Muslimuddin Viktoria Víctor Marinova Yobani Fúnez Solís Gerardo Ceferino Juan Carlos Argeñal Medina Simone Camilli Ishmae Saidjonol Olim FakhZa Aleksei Sidorov Noramfaizul Mohd Tito Alberto Palma Abay Hailu Vénant Ntawucikayenda Maurito Lim Ilya Zimin Daniel Alejandro Martínez Balzaldúa Decio Sa José Luis Romero Heriberto Cárdenas Ghulam Rasool Birhamani Mario Sy Octavio Rojas H Rajesh Mishra Musa Mohamed Raffaele Ciriello Mohammed Ghalib al-Majidi Mahmoud al-Kumi Ernesto Acer Al-Moutaz Germain Cyrille Ngota Ngota Marife “Neneng” Montaño NoorOladepo Hakim Khan Tunde Víctor Hernández Martínez Abd al-Kari Djalma SantosBellah da C

THE LAST COLUMN

The Last Column

To a l l j o u r n a l i s t s

Collection Copyright Š 2019 by Fred & Farid, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Since this page cannot accommodate all acknowledgments and copyright notices from our contributors, pages 172 at the back of the book constitute an extension of the copyright page.

Published by FF Creative Community.

For information, write FF Creative Community 530 7th Ave New York, NY 10018.

FF Creative Community is a registered service mark of Fred & Farid, LLC. The Committee to Protect Journalists provided valuable expertise on the context and cases of the journalists featured. For more information, visit www.cpj.org.

Produced by HarperCollins Publisher.

Book design by FF Creative Community.

Printed in the United States of America.

First Edition ISBN 978-0-06-295132-8

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TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

TABLE OF CONTENTS

88

Anna Politkovskaya

94

Deyda Hydara

98

Tim Hetherington

108

Gauri Lankesh

116

Kurt Schork

120

J a v i e r Va l d e z C รก r d e n a s

A Wo r d f r o m C P J

9

124

Anja Niedringhaus

Introduction

13

128

Syed Saleem Shahzad

134

Gerald Fischman

Marie Colvin

18

138

R a f i q Ta ฤ i

Lasantha Wickrematunge

32

142

M i r o s l a v a B r e a c h Ve l d u c e a

Av i j i t R o y

44

146

Samir Kassir

Chris Hondros

56

152

Guillermo Cano Isaza

Jamal Khashoggi

60

158

Pavel Sheremet

Daniel Pearl

66

164

Ian Parry

James Foley

72

David Gilkey

78

170

Special Thanks

Shujaat Bukhari

82

172

Credits

7

9

A Wo r d f r o m C P J

The journalists profiled here in The Last Column were our friends, colleagues, heroes, and role models. Their reporting and commentary not only kept us informed, it inspired and moved us, and held those in power to account. For this work, they paid with their lives. Yet they are only a few of the more than 1,335 journalists killed in the line of duty or murdered because of their journalism since 1992, when the Committee to Protect Journalists began systematically tracking such cases.

Many were killed while covering dangerous assignments, such as protests, or in crossfire while covering combat. But well over half of all journalists killed were murdered, usually in wellplanned attacks orchestrated by criminal groups, armed militias, or powerful individuals, even politicians. Many of the journalists memorialized in these pages knew they faced grave risks to bring us the news, and some of their last columns reflect this.

Yet they all kept at it nonetheless, and paid the ultimate price.

One of the journalists not profiled here is Daphne Caruana Galizia, a prominent investigative journalist and blogger in Malta.

She frequently reported on government corruption and had informed police of death threats made against her as recently as

Abadullah Hananzai • Abay Hailu • Abd al-Karim al-Ezzo • Abdallah Bouhachek • Abdel Aziz Mahmoud Hasoun • Abdel Karim al-Khaiwani • Abdel Karim

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two weeks prior to her death. She was killed in a car bomb as she left home, minutes after publishing a blog post critical of the country’s opposition party. She was also facing several libel suits brought by politicians and other individuals in the country, which continue posthumously. CPJ attended hearings on some of the libel cases and met with the prime minister and justice minister of Malta to urge them to drop their suits, which now continue against her family.

Also not in this book are journalists like Victoria Marinova, a Bulgarian broadcaster who was raped and murdered after airing a piece about corruption, or Zachary Stoner, an independent music journalist shot to death in Chicago. Authorities have not carried out credible or thorough investigations to determine the motive for their killing, and whether it was related to journalism. Among the journalists not profiled are journalists who are missing, many feared dead. CPJ has identified more than 100 journalists missing or kidnapped in Iraq and Syria, where years of war have shattered the journalistic community, and at least 14 journalists missing in Mexico, one of the deadliest countries for journalists outside of a conflict zone.

A WORD FROM CPJ

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them. For this and many other reasons CPJ is proud to lend our research to The Last Column and help show the extraordinary range of voices of journalists who gave their lives bringing stories of injustice, war, abuse of power, and sometimes simply everyday life, to the public. We are grateful to our partners in this project, News Corp, Dow Jones and HarperCollins, and all the contributors to this book for their support to CPJ. This collective effort reminds us of the importance of the everyday work of journalists, and what is lost when they are silenced.

Journalists step on some pretty powerful toes in their line of work. Too often those in power have little incentive to pursue justice in the cases. CPJ research finds that in nearly all cases— some 90 percent—no one is prosecuted. The killers get away with it, a frightening message of intimidation to the rest of the media.

When journalists are killed, too often their stories die with

al-Oqda • Abdel Karim al-Rubai • Abdel Karim Nazir Ismail • Abdel Majid al-Mehmedawi • Abdel Sattar Abdel Karim • Abdelhamid Benmeni • Abdelhamid

Yahiaoui • Abdelkader Hireche • Abdelqadir Fassouk • Abderrahmane Chergou • Abdiaziz Ali • Abdihared Osman Aden • Abdirahman Mohamed • Abdirahman

13

Introduction

For Marie Colvin, it was the agonizing suffering of ordinary people in warzones. For Anna Politkovskaya, it was the cruel injustice of an untouchable state. For Miroslava Velducea, it was the gory violence of the drug cartels. For Samir Kassir, it was the silent occupation of his country.

Every journalist whose work is featured in this book was motivated and moved by something different. They came from different countries and spoke different languages. And yet they all shared something fundamental- a burning desire to uncover truth and tell the story to the public.

It sounds relatively simple, but truth is rarely found sitting out in the open. Often, journalists have to spend time in the most dangerous places and challenge the most powerful people to find it.

The journalists whose work you will find in this book knew that better than most. They were some of the best and the bravest of our profession. And they paid the highest price.

Journalism has always been a risky profession. The American

Yasin Ali • Abdirisak Mohamed Warsame • Abdirisak Said Osman • Abdirizak Ali Abdi • Abdirizak Kasim Iman • Abdisalan Sheikh Hassan • Abdisatar Dasher

Sabriye • Abdost Rind • Abdoulaye Bakayoko • Abdul Aziz Shaheen • Abdul Hakim Shimul • Abdul Haq Baloch • Abdul Manan Arghand • Abdul Qadir Hajizai

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journalist Elijah Parish Lovejoy was probably the first to discover this in 1837. His editorials were fiercely critical of slavery, earning him many enemies among those who supported it.

After several attacks in which his printing presses were destroyed, he was ultimately shot dead by a pro-slavery mob.

Today, the safety of journalists is challenged and threatened around the globe. According to the CPJ, 54 journalists were killed around the world in 2018. Of those, 34 were targeted for murder in retaliation for their work. That compares with 47 killed in 2017, of whom 18 were killed because of their work.

This is sadly not entirely surprising given the world we live in today. In war zones, journalists are often seen not as neutral observers but as enemy combatants or spies. Here at home, press coverage that is critical of those in power is all too often labeled as fake news, surely the catchphrase of the last couple of years. It has been picked up by authoritarian regimes around the world as a way to stigmatize those who dare shine a light on lies. They have been emboldened to crack down on journalists; the credibility of the press is being constantly undermined.

Over the past fifteen years, I have worked in conflict zones across the world, yet it was during a trip to Germany that I recently felt most uncomfortable.

I attended a demonstration of right-wing supporters of the Alternative für Deutschland party. Many of the protesters held signs that read “Lügenpresse.” It literally means “lying press,” but as any student of history knows it was famously a Nazi

Abdul Qodus • Abdul Raheem Kour Hassan • Abdul Rahman al-Issawi • Abdul Rahman Hamid al-Din • Abdul Rahman Ismael Yassin • Abdul Razzak Johra •

INTRODUCTION

15

smear used against critics of Adolf Hitler’s regime, designed to foment hatred against Jews and Communists.

I asked one of the protesters why they would carry a sign with a Nazi slogan to disparage journalists. He looked at me with disgust and smirked.

“You’re liars.”

What we are witnessing today is a breakdown of the very idea of truth and information. Facts are countered by “alternative facts.” Truth isn’t truth. Journalists are subverted by selfdeclared soothsayers, their voices hugely amplified by the white noise of social media.

There has never been a more important time to take stock, to remember that journalists provide an invaluable public service to their communities and to society as a whole.

As I write these words, journalists across the world continue to be harassed, arrested, tortured, and killed for their work.

Ultimately, information is power. And as long as there are people who are willing to risk their own lives in the pursuit of truth, there will be others willing to take lives to prevent the publication of truth.

The men and women in this book are not just statistics. They were people, mothers and fathers, sisters and brothers, sons and daughters. Some of them were friends of mine.

A b d u l S a l a m K a n a a n • A b d u l S a m a d R o h a n i • A b d u l S h a r i ff • A b d u l Wa h a b • A b d u l Wa h e d A b d u l G h a n y • A b d u l - H u s s e i n K h a z a l • A b d u l - R a h i m N a s r a l l a h

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INTRODUCTION

17

The writings you see here are just a small sample of their work.

But with this inspiring and haunting book, we have an opportunity to learn from their legacy, to salute their bravery, to aspire to the high standards they have set. It should give us the courage to continue demanding that those in power protect journalists all over the world, no matter who they are or what story they are covering.

B y C l a r i s s a Wa r d Chief International Correspondent, CNN

a l- Sh imar i • A bdul ai J um a h Jal l oh • Abdu l k a d i r A h m ed • A b d u l k a d i r Ma h a d Mo a l l i m K a s k ey • Ab d u l k h a f a r Ab d u l k a d i r • Ab d u l l a h a l - Mo n t a sser • Ab d u l l a h

al-Qadry • Abdullah Mire Hashi • Abdullah Mohammad Ghannam • Abdullah Qabil • Abdullah Sobhi al-Ghazawi • Abdullahi Madkeer • Abdullahi Omar

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MARIE COLVIN

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Final dispatch from Homs, the battle city

January 12, 1956 – February 22, 2012

They call it the widows’ basement. Crammed amid makeshift beds and scattered belongings are frightened women and children trapped in the horror of Homs, the Syrian city shaken by two weeks of relentless bombardment.

Among the 300 huddling in this wood factory cellar in the besieged district of Baba Amr is 20-year-old Noor, who lost her husband and her home to the shells and rockets.

“Our house was hit by a rocket so 17 of us were staying in one room,” she recalls as Mimi, her three-year-old daughter, and Mohamed, her five-year-old son, cling to her abaya.

Marie Colvin was an international reporter and the foremost war correspondent of her generation whose career with The Sunday Times spanned nearly 30 years. She was killed by army rockets in a deliberate attack hours after making broadcasts drawing attention to the targeting of non-combatant women and children in the siege of Homs, Syria.

“We had had nothing but sugar and water for two days and my husband went to try to find food.” It was the last time she saw Maziad, 30, who had worked in a mobile phone repair shop. “He was torn to pieces by a mortar shell.”

For Noor, it was a double tragedy. Adnan, her 27-year-old brother, was killed at Maziad’s side.

Everyone in the cellar has a similar story of hardship or death.

G edi • A bdullah i O sm an M oal i m • Ab d ul m a l i k A k h m ed i l o v • A b d u l r a z a k H a s h i m Aya l a l - K h a k a n i • Ab el Gi ró n Mo ra l es • Ab sh i r Al i Ga b re • Ab u k a r H a ssa n

Mohamoud • Achyutananda Sahu • Adam Juma • Adam Tepsurgayev • Adam Ward • Adams Ledesma Valenzuela • Adel Naji al-Mansouri • Adel Sayegh • Adel

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The refuge was chosen because it is one of the few basements in Baba Amr. Foam mattresses are piled against the walls and the children have not seen the light of day since the siege began on February 4. Most families fled their homes with only the clothes on their backs.

The city is running perilously short of supplies and the only food here is rice, tea and some tins of tuna delivered by a local sheikh who looted them from a bombed-out supermarket.

A baby born in the basement last week looked as shellshocked as her mother, Fatima, 19, who fled there when her family’s single-storey house was obliterated. “We survived by a miracle,” she whispers. Fatima is so traumatised that she cannot breastfeed, so the baby has been fed only sugar and water; there is no formula milk.

Fatima may or may not be a widow. Her husband, a shepherd, was in the countryside when the siege started with a ferocious barrage and she has heard no word of him since.

The widows’ basement reflects the ordeal of 28,000 men, women and children clinging to existence in Baba Amr, a district of low concrete-block homes surrounded on all sides by Syrian forces. The army is launching Katyusha rockets, mortar shells and tank rounds at random.

Snipers on the rooftops of al-Ba’ath University and other high buildings surrounding Baba Amr shoot any civilian who comes into their sights. Residents were felled in droves in the first days

Zerrouk • Adhir Rai • Adil Bunyatov • Adlan Khasanov • Adnan al-Bayati • Adnan al-Safi • Adnan Khairallah • Adolfo Isuiza Urquia • Adolfo Sánchez

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of the siege but have now learnt where the snipers are and run across junctions where they know they can be seen. Few cars are left on the streets.

Almost every building is pock-marked after tank rounds punched through concrete walls or rockets blasted gaping holes in upper floors. The building I was staying in lost its upper floor to a rocket last Wednesday. On some streets whole buildings have collapsed — all there is to see are shredded clothes, broken pots and the shattered furniture of families destroyed.

It is a city of the cold and hungry, echoing to exploding shells and bursts of gunfire. There are no telephones and the electricity has been cut off. Few homes have diesel for the tin stove they rely on for heat in the coldest winter that anyone can remember. Freezing rain fills potholes and snow drifts in through windows empty of glass. No shops are open, so families are sharing what they have with relatives and neighbours. Many of the dead and injured are those who risked foraging for food.

Fearing the snipers’ merciless eyes, families resorted last week to throwing bread across rooftops, or breaking through communal walls to pass unseen.

The Syrians have dug a huge trench around most of the district, and let virtually nobody in or out. The army is pursuing a brutal campaign to quell the resistance of Homs, Hama and other cities that have risen up against Bashar al-Assad, the Syrian president, whose family has been in power for 42 years.

Guzmán • Adolphe Missamba Ndengi Kavula • Adrián Silva Moreno • Agus Muliawan • Ahmad al-Rashid • Ahmad Hallak • Ahmad Kareem • Ahmad Mohamed

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In Baba Amr, the Free Syrian Army (FSA), the armed face of opposition to Assad, has virtually unanimous support from civilians who see them as their defenders. It is an unequal battle: the tanks and heavy weaponry of Assad’s troops against the Kalashnikovs of the FSA.

The journey across the countryside from the Lebanese border to Homs would be idyllic in better times. The villages are nondescript clusters of concrete buildings on dirt tracks but the lanes are lined with cypresses and poplar trees and wind through orchards of apricot and apple trees.

About 5,000 Syrian soldiers are believed to be on the outskirts of Baba Amr, and the FSA received reports yesterday that they were preparing a ground assault. The residents dread the outcome.

These days, however, there is an edge of fear on any journey through this area. Most of this land is essentially what its residents call “Syria hurra,” or free Syria, patrolled by the FSA.

“We live in fear the FSA will leave the city,” said Hamida, 43, hiding with her children and her sister’s family in an empty groundfloor apartment after their house was bombed. “There will be a massacre.”

On the lips of everyone was the question: “Why have we been abandoned by the world?”

Ban Ki-moon, the secretary-general of the United Nations, said last week: “We see neighbourhoods shelled indiscriminately, hospitals used as torture centres, children as young as 10 years old killed and abused. We see almost certainly crimes against humanity.” Yet the international community has not come to the aid of the innocent caught in this hell.

Abdel Majid, 20, who was helping to rescue the wounded from bombed buildings, made a simple plea. “Please tell the world they must help us,” he said, shaking, with haunted eyes. “Just stop the bombing. Please, just stop the shelling.”

Mahmoud • Ahmad Omaid Khpalwak • Ahmad Sha’ban • Ahmad Shah • Ahmed Takouchet • Ahmed Abdel Gawad • Ahmed Abu al-Hamza • Ahmed Abu Hussein

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Nevertheless, Assad’s army has checkpoints on the main roads and troops stationed in schools, hospitals and factories. They are heavily armed and backed by tanks and artillery.

So a drive to Homs is a bone-rattling struggle down dirt roads, criss-crossing fields. Men cluster by fires at unofficial FSA checkpoints, eyeing any vehicle suspiciously. As night falls, flashlights waved by unseen figures signal that the way ahead is clear.

Each travelling FSA car has a local shepherd or farmer aboard to help navigate the countryside; the Syrian army may have the power, but the locals know every track of their fields.

I entered Homs on a smugglers’ route, which I promised not to reveal, climbing over walls in the dark and slipping into muddy trenches. Arriving in the darkened city in the early hours, I was met by a welcoming party keen for foreign journalists to reveal the city’s plight to the world. So desperate were they that they bundled me into an open truck and drove at speed with the headlights on, everyone standing in the back shouting “Allahu

• Ahmed Adam • Ahmed Addow Anshur • Ahmed Adnan al-Ashlaq • Ahmed al-Assam • Ahmed al-Rubai’i • Ahmed al-Shaibani • Ahmed Assem el-Senousy

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akbar” — God is the greatest. Inevitably, the Syrian army opened fire.

When everyone had calmed down I was driven in a small car, its lights off, along dark empty streets, the danger palpable. As we passed an open stretch of road, a Syrian army unit fired on the car again with machineguns and launched a rocket-propelled grenade. We sped into a row of abandoned buildings for cover.

The scale of human tragedy in the city is immense. The inhabitants are living in terror. Almost every family seems to have suffered the death or injury of a loved one.

Khaled Abu Salah, an activist who took part in the first demonstrations against Assad in Homs last March, sat on the floor of an office, his hand broken and bandages covering shrapnel wounds to his leg and shoulder.

A 25-year-old university student, who risked his life filming videos of the slaughter of Baba Amr residents, he narrowly escaped when he tried to get two men wounded by mortar fire to a makeshift clinic.

He and three friends had just taken the wounded to the clinic, which was staffed by a doctor and a dentist, and stepped away from the door when “a shell landed right at the entrance,” he recalled last week.

“My three friends died immediately.” The two men they had helped were also killed.

Ahmed Azize • Ahmed Farah Ilyas • Ahmed Hadi Naji • Ahmed Haidar • Ahmed Hasan Ahmed • Ahmed Hassan Mahad • Ahmed Hussein Al-Maliki • Ahmed

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Abu Ammar, 48, a taxi driver, went out to look for bread at 8am one day last week. He, his wife and their adopted daughter had taken refuge with two elderly sisters after their home was hit by shells.

“When I returned the house was obliterated,” he said, looking at all that remained of the one-storey building. Only a few pieces of wall still stood. In the ruins a woman’s red blouse was visible; bottles of home-made pickled vegetables were somehow unscathed. “Dr Ali,” a dentist working as a doctor, said one of the women from the house had arrived at the clinic alive, but both legs had been amputated and she died.

The clinic is merely a first-floor apartment donated by the kindly owner. It still has out-of-place domestic touches: plasma pouches hang from a wooden coat hanger and above the patients a colourful children’s mobile hangs from the ceiling.

The shelling last Friday was the most intense yet and the wounded were rushed to the clinic in the backs of cars by family members.

Ali the dentist was cutting the clothes off 24-year-old Ahmed al-Irini on one of the clinic’s two operating tables. Shrapnel had gashed huge bloody chunks out of Irini’s thighs. Blood poured out as Ali used tweezers to draw a piece of metal from beneath his left eye.

Irini’s legs spasmed and he died on the table. His brother-in law, who had brought him in, began weeping. “We were playing cards when a missile hit our house,” he said through his tears.

Ismail Hassan • Ahmed Issaad • Ahmed Jabbar Hashim • Ahmed Kafi Awale • Ahmed Mohamed al-Mousa • Ahmed Rajib Haider • Ahmed Riyadh al-Karbouli

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Irini was taken out to the makeshift mortuary in a former back bedroom, naked but for a black plastic bag covering his genitals.

There was no let-up. Khaled Abu Kamali died before the doctor could get his clothes off. He had been hit by sharpnel in the chest while at home.

Salah, 26, was peppered with shrapnel in his chest and the left of his back. There was no anaesthetic, but he talked as Ali inserted a metal pipe into his back to release the pressure of the blood building up in his chest.

Helping tend the wounded was Um Ammar, a 45-year-old mother of seven, who had offered to be a nurse after a neighbour’s house was shelled. She wore filthy plastic gloves and was crying. “I’m obliged to endure this, because all children brought here are my children,” she said. “But it is so hard.”

Akhmed Mohammed, a military doctor who defected from Assad’s army, shouted: “Where are the human rights? Do we have none? Where are the United Nations?”

There were only two beds in the clinic for convalescing. One was taken by Akhmed Khaled, who had been injured, he said, when a shell hit a mosque as he was about to leave prayers. His right testicle had had to be removed with only paracetamol to dull the pain.

He denounced the Assad regime’s claim that the rebels were Islamic extremists and said: “We ask all people who believe in God — Christians, Jews, Muslims to help us!”

A h m e d S a l i m • A h m e d S h a w k a t • A h m e d Wa e l B a k r i • A h m e t H a c e r o ğ l u • A h m e t Ta n e r K i s l a l i • A h s a n A l i • A i y a t h u r a i N a d e s a n • A j m a l N a q s h b a n d i •

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If the injured try to flee Baba Amr, they first have to be carried on foot. Then they are transferred to motorbikes and the lucky ones are smuggled to safety. The worst injured do not make it.

Though Syrian officials prohibit anyone from leaving, some escapees manage to bribe their way out. I met refugees in villages around Homs. Newlywed Miriam, 32, said she and her husband had decided to leave when they heard that three families had been killed and the women raped by the Shabiha militia, a brutal force led by Assad’s younger brother, Maher.

“We were practically walking on body parts as we walked under shelling overhead,” she said. Somehow they made it unscathed.

She had given an official her wedding ring in order to be smuggled out to safety.

Abdul Majid, a computer science student at university, was still shaking hours after arriving in a village outside Homs. He had stayed behind alone in Baba Amr. “I had to help the old people because only the young can get out,” said Majid, 20, wearing a leather jacket and jeans. He left when his entire street fled after every house was hit.

“I went to an army checkpoint that I was told was not too bad. I gave them a packet of cigarettes, two bags of tea and 500 Syrian pounds. They told me to run.”

Blasts of Kalashnikov fire rang out above his head until he reached the tree line. He said the soldiers were only pretending to try to shoot him to protect themselves, but his haunted eyes showed he was not entirely sure.

Akhilesh Pratap • Akhmednabi Akhmednabiyev • Akshay Singh • Al-Hosseiny Abou Deif • Al-Moutaz Bellah Ibrahim • Alaa Abdel-Wahab • Alaa Abdul-Karim

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If the Syrian military rolls into Baba Amr, the FSA will have little chance against its tanks, superior weaponry and numbers. They will, however, fight ferociously to defend their families because they know a massacre is likely to follow any failure, if the past actions of the Assad regime are anything to go by.

The FSA partly relies on defections from Assad’s army because it does not accept civilia into its ranks, though they perform roles such as monitoring troop movements and transporting supplies. But it has become harder for soldiers to defect in the past month.

Abu Sayeed, 46, a major- general who defected six months ago, said every Syrian military unit was now assigned a member of the Mukhabarat, the feared intelligence service, who have orders to execute any soldier refusing an order to shoot or who tries to defect.

The army, like the country, may well be about to divide along sectarian lines. Most of the officers are members of the Alawite sect, the minority Shi’ite clan to which the Assad family belongs, while foot soldiers are Sunni.

The coming test for the army will be if its ranks hold if ordered to kill increasing numbers of their brethren.

The swathe of the country that stretches east from the Lebanon border and includes Homs is Sunni; in the villages there they say that officers ordering attacks are Alawites fighting for the Assad family, not their country.

al-Fartoosi • Alaa Edward Butros • Alaa Hassan • Alaa Kraym (Mohammed al-Qabouni) • Alaa Qassem Mohan • Alaa Uldeen Aziz • Alberto Antoniotti Monge

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The morale of Assad’s army, despite its superiority, is said to be low as it is poorly paid and supplied, although this information comes mostly from defectors. “The first thing we did when we attacked the house was race to the refrigerator,” said a defector.

Thousands of soldiers would be needed to retake the southern countryside. Hafez al-Assad, Bashar’s father and former president, crushed his problems with Islamic fundamentalists in 1982 by shelling the city of Hama into ruins and killing at least 10,000 men, women and children. So far his son appears to have calculated that a similar act would be a step too far for his remaining allies of Russia, China and Iran.

For now it is a violent and deadly standoff. The FSA is not about to win and its supplies of ammunition are dwindling.

The only real hope of success for Assad’s opponents is if the international community comes to their aid, as Nato did against Muammar Gadaffi in Libya. So far this seems unlikely to happen in Syria.

Observers see a negotiated solution as perhaps a long shot, but the best way out of this impasse. Though neither side appears ready to negotiate, there are serious efforts behind the scenes to persuade Russia to pull Assad into talks.

As international diplomats dither, the desperation in Baba Amr grows. The despair was expressed by Hamida, 30, hiding in a downstairs flat with her sister and their 13 children after two missiles hit their home. Three little girls, aged 16 months to six years, sleep on one thin, torn mattress on the floor; three

• Alberto Berbon • Alberto Graves Chakussanga • Alberto López Bello • Alberto Sánchez Tovar • Alboh Madjigoto Aldion Layao • Aleh Byabenin • Alejandro

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others share a second. Ahmed, 16, her sister’s eldest child, was killed by a missile when he went to try to find bread.

“The kids are screaming all the time,” Hamida said. “I feel so helpless.” She began weeping. “We feel so abandoned. They’ve given Bashar al-Assad the green light to kill us.”

First published in The Sunday Times on February 19, 2012.

Reprinted by permission of Times Newspapers Limited.

Photo: Francesco Guidicini (Copyright Times Newspapers Ltd).

Jaramillo • Alejandro Pérez • Alejandro Reblando • Alejandro Zenón Fonseca Estrada • Aleksandr Rastorguyev • Aleksandr Sidelnikov • Aleksandr Smirnov •

Aleksandr Yefremov • Aleksei Sidorov • Alessandro Otta • Alex Balcoba • Alexander Chulanov • Alexander Klimchuk • Alexandra Tuttle • Alexis Bandyatuyaga

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LASANTHA WICKREMATUNGE

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And Then They Came for Me

April 05, 1958 – January 08, 2009

No other profession calls on its practitioners to lay down their lives for their art save the armed forces and, in Sri Lanka, journalism. In the course of the past few years, the independent media have increasingly come under attack. Electronic and print-media institutions have been burnt, bombed, sealed and coerced. Countless journalists have been harassed, threatened and killed. It has been my honour to belong to all those categories and now especially the last.

Lasantha Wickrematunge was a prominent senior Sri Lankan journalist known for his critical reporting on the government. He died after eight men on motorcycles forced his car to the side of a street outside Colombo and beat him with iron bars and wooden poles. Wickrematunge had been receiving death threats for months.

Alfonse Rutsindura • Alfredo Abad López • Alfredo Antonio Hurtado Núñez • Alfrets Mirulewan • Ali Abbas • Ali Abboud • Ali Abdel Aziz • Ali Ahmed Abdi •

I have been in the business of journalism a good long time.

Indeed, 2009 will be The Sunday Leader’s 15th year. Many things have changed in Sri Lanka during that time, and it does not need me to tell you that the greater part of that change has been for the worse. We find ourselves in the midst of a civil war ruthlessly prosecuted by protagonists whose bloodlust knows no bounds. Terror, whether perpetrated by terrorists or the state, has become the order of the day. Indeed, murder has become the primary tool whereby the state seeks to control the organs of liberty. Today it is the journalists, tomorrow it will be the judges. For neither group have the risks ever been higher or the stakes lower.

Ali al-Khatib • Ali Boukerbache • Ali Hassan al-Jaber • Ali Ibrahim Issa • Ali Jaafar • Ali Juburi al-Kaabi • Ali KhalilAli Mahmud • Ali Mohammed Omar

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Why then do we do it? I often wonder that. After all, I too am a husband, and the father of three wonderful children. I too have responsibilities and obligations that transcend my profession, be it the law or journalism. Is it worth the risk? Many people tell me it is not. Friends tell me to revert to the bar, and goodness knows it offers a better and safer livelihood. Others, including political leaders on both sides, have at various times sought to induce me to take to politics, going so far as to offer me ministries of my choice. Diplomats, recognising the risk journalists face in Sri Lanka, have offered me safe passage and the right of residence in their countries. Whatever else I may have been stuck for, I have not been stuck for choice.

But there is a calling that is yet above high office, fame, lucre and security. It is the call of conscience.

The Sunday Leader has been a controversial newspaper because we say it like we see it: whether it be a spade, a thief or a murderer, we call it by that name. We do not hide behind euphemism. The investigative articles we print are supported by documentary evidence thanks to the public-spiritedness of citizens who at great risk to themselves pass on this material to us. We have exposed scandal after scandal, and never once in these 15 years has anyone proved us wrong or successfully prosecuted us.

The free media serve as a mirror in which the public can see itself sans mascara and styling gel. From us you learn the state of your nation, and especially its management by the people you elected to give your children a better future. Sometimes the

Ali Mustafa • Ali Nur Siad • Ali Risan • Ali Saleemi • Ali Shaaban • Ali Shafeya al-Moussawi • Ali Sharmarke • Alisher Saipov • Alison Parker • Alix Joseph •

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mage you see in that mirror is not a pleasant one. But while you may grumble in the privacy of your armchair, the journalists who hold the mirror up to you do so publicly and at great risk to themselves. That is our calling, and we do not shirk it.

Every newspaper has its angle, and we do not hide the fact that we have ours. Our commitment is to see Sri Lanka as a transparent, secular, liberal democracy. Think about those words, for they each has profound meaning. Transparent because government must be openly accountable to the people and never abuse their trust. Secular because in a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural society such as ours, secularism offers the only common ground by which we might all be united. Liberal because we recognise that all human beings are created different, and we need to accept others for what they are and not what we would like them to be. And democratic… well, if you need me to explain why that is important, you’d best stop buying this paper.

The Sunday Leader has never sought safety by unquestioningly articulating the majority view. Let’s face it, that is the way to sell newspapers. On the contrary, as our opinion pieces over the years amply demonstrate, we often voice ideas that many people find distasteful. For example, we have consistently espoused the view that while separatist terrorism must be eradicated, it is more important to address the root causes of terrorism, and urged government to view Sri Lanka’s ethnic strife in the context of history and not through the telescope of terrorism. We have also agitated against state terrorism in the so-called war against terror, and made no secret of our horror that Sri Lanka is the only country in the world routinely to bomb its own citizens.

Allah Noor • Allan Dizon • Allaoua Ait M’barak • Almigdad Mojalli • Aloys Nyimbuzi • Alpha Amadu Bah • Altaf Ahmed Faktoo • Álvaro Alfredo Aceituno

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For these views we have been labelled traitors, and if this be treachery, we wear that label proudly.

Many people suspect that The Sunday Leader has a political agenda: it does not. If we appear more critical of the government than of the opposition it is only because we believe that– pray excuse cricketing argot – there is no point in bowling to the fielding side. Remember that for the few years of our existence in which the UNP was in office, we proved to be the biggest thorn in its flesh, exposing excess and corruption wherever it occurred. Indeed, the steady stream of embarrassing exposes we published may well have served to precipitate the downfall of that government.

Neither should our distaste for the war be interpreted to mean that we support the Tigers. The LTTE are among the most ruthless and bloodthirsty organisations ever to have infested the planet. There is no gainsaying that it must be eradicated. But to do so by violating the rights of Tamil citizens, bombing and shooting them mercilessly, is not only wrong but shames the Sinhalese, whose claim to be custodians of the dhamma is forever called into question by this savagery, much of which is unknown to the public because of censorship.

What is more, a military occupation of the country’s north and east will require the Tamil people of those regions to live eternally as second-class citizens, deprived of all self respect. Do not imagine that you can placate them by showering “development” and “reconstruction” on them in the post-war era. The wounds of war will scar them forever, and you will also have an

López • Álvaro Alonso Escobar • Alwan al-Ghorabi • Amado Ramírez Dillanes • Ambika Timsina • Amer Diab • Amer Malallah al-Rashidi • Ameur Ouagueni •

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even more bitter and hateful diaspora to contend with. A problem amenable to a political solution will thus become a festering wound that will yield strife for all eternity. If I seem angry and frustrated, it is only because most of my countrymen–and all of the government–cannot see this writing so plainly on the wall.

It is well known that I was on two occasions brutally assaulted, while on another my house was sprayed with machine-gun fire. Despite the government’s sanctimonious assurances, there was never a serious police inquiry into the perpetrators of these attacks, and the attackers were never apprehended. In all these cases, I have reason to believe the attacks were inspired by the government. When finally I am killed, it will be the government that kills me.

The irony in this is that, unknown to most of the public, Mahinda and I have been friends for more than a quarter century.

Indeed, I suspect that I am one of the few people remaining who routinely addresses him by his first name and uses the familiar Sinhala address oya when talking to him. Although I do not attend the meetings he periodically holds for newspaper editors, hardly a month passes when we do not meet, privately or with a few close friends present, late at night at President’s House. There we swap yarns, discuss politics and joke about the good old days. A few remarks to him would therefore be in order here.

Mahinda, when you finally fought your way to the SLFP presidential nomination in 2005, nowhere were you welcomed more

Amir Nowab • Amjad Hameed • Ammar al-Shami • Ammar Mohamed Suhail Zado • Amparo Leonor Jiménez Pallares • Amr Badir al-Deen Junaid • Anabel

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warmly than in this column. Indeed, we broke with a decade of tradition by referring to you throughout by your first name. So well known were your commitments to human rights and liberal values that we ushered you in like a breath of fresh air. Then, through an act of folly, you got yourself involved in the Helping Hambantota scandal. It was after a lot of soul-searching that we broke the story, at the same time urging you to return the money. By the time you did so several weeks later, a great blow had been struck to your reputation. It is one you are still trying to live down.

no other President before you. Indeed, your conduct has been like a small child suddenly let loose in a toyshop. That analogy is perhaps inapt because no child could have caused so much blood to be spilled on this land as you have, or trampled on the rights of its citizens as you do. Although you are now so drunk with power that you cannot see it, you will come to regret your sons having so rich an inheritance of blood. It can only bring tragedy. As for me, it is with a clear conscience that I go to meet my Maker. I wish, when your time finally comes, you could do the same. I wish.

You have told me yourself that you were not greedy for the presidency. You did not have to hanker after it: it fell into your lap. You have told me that your sons are your greatest joy, and that you love spending time with them, leaving your brothers to operate the machinery of state. Now, it is clear to all who will see that that machinery has operated so well that my sons and daughter do not themselves have a father.

In the wake of my death I know you will make all the usual sanctimonious noises and call upon the police to hold a swift and thorough inquiry. But like all the inquiries you have ordered in the past, nothing will come of this one, too. For truth be told, we both know who will be behind my death, but dare not call his name. Not just my life, but yours too, depends on it.

As for me, I have the satisfaction of knowing that I walked tall and bowed to no man. And I have not travelled this journey alone. Fellow journalists in other branches of the media walked with me: most of them are now dead, imprisoned without trial or exiled in far-off lands. Others walk in the shadow of death that your Presidency has cast on the freedoms for which you once fought so hard. You will never be allowed to forget that my death took place under your watch. As anguished as I know you will be, I also know that you will have no choice but to protect my killers: you will see to it that the guilty one is never convicted. You have no choice. I feel sorry for you, and Shiranthi will have a long time to spend on her knees when next she goes for Confession for it is not just her owns sins which she must confess, but those of her extended family that keeps you in office.

Sadly, for all the dreams you had for our country in your younger days, in just three years you have reduced it to rubble. In the name of patriotism you have trampled on human rights, nurtured unbridled corruption and squandered public money like

As for the readers of The Sunday Leader, what can I say but Thank You for supporting our mission. We have espoused unpopular causes, stood up for those too feeble to stand up for themselves, locked horns with the high and mighty so swollen

Flores Salazar • Anak Agung Prabangsa • Ananta Bijoy Das • Anas al-Tarsha • Anastase Seruvumba • Anastasiya Baburova • Anatoly Klyan • Anatoly Levin-

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Utkin • Ando Ratovonirina • André Kameya • Andrea Rocchelli • Andrei Aizderdzis • Andrei Soloviev • Andrei Stenin • Andres Acosta • Andres Teodoro • Andrew

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with power that they have forgotten their roots exposed corruption and the waste of your hard-earned tax rupees, and made sure that whatever the propaganda of the day, you were allowed to hear a contrary view. For this I–and my family–have now paid the price that I have long known I will one day have to pay. I am–and have always been–ready for that. I have done nothing to prevent this outcome: no security, no precautions.

I want my murderer to know that I am not a coward like he is, hiding behind human shields while condemning thousands of innocents to death. What am I among so many? It has long been written that my life would be taken, and by whom. All that remains to be written is when.

That The Sunday Leader will continue fighting the good fight, too, is written. For I did not fight this fight alone. Many more of us have to be–and will be–killed before The Leader is laid to rest. I hope my assassination will be seen not as a defeat of freedom but an inspiration for those who survive to step up their efforts. Indeed, I hope that it will help galvanise forces that will usher in a new era of human liberty in our beloved motherland. I also hope it will open the eyes of your President to the fact that however many are slaughtered in the name of patriotism, the human spirit will endure and flourish. Not all the Rajapaksas combined can kill that.

People often ask me why I take such risks and tell me it is a matter of time before I am bumped off. Of course I know that: it is inevitable. But if we do not speak out now, there will be no one left to speak for those who cannot, whether they be ethnic minorities, the disadvantaged or the persecuted. An example

Shumack • Ángel Alfredo Villatoro • Ángel Eduardo Gahona • Aníbal Barrow • Anil Mazumdar • Anja Niedringhaus • Anna Politkovskaya • Anthony Macharia

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that has inspired me throughout my career in journalism has been that of the German theologian, Martin Niemoller. In his youth he was an anti-Semite and an admirer of Hitler. As Nazism took hold in Germany, however, he saw Nazism for what it was: it was not just the Jews Hitler sought to extirpate, it was just about anyone with an alternate point of view. Niemoller spoke out, and for his trouble was incarcerated in the Sachsenhausen and Dachau concentration camps from 1937 to 1945, and very nearly executed. While incarcerated, Niemoller wrote a poem that, from the first time I read it in my teenage years, stuck hauntingly in my mind: First they came for the Jews and I did not speak out because I was not a Jew. Then they came for the Communists and I did not speak out because I was not a Communist.

Then they came for the trade unionists and I did not speak out because I was not a trade unionist.

Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak out for me.

If you remember nothing else, remember this: The Leader is there for you, be you Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim, low-caste, homosexual, dissident or disabled. Its staff will fight on, unbowed and unafraid, with the courage to which you have become accustomed. Do not take that commitment for granted. Let there be no doubt that whatever sacrifices we journalists make, they

• An t o i n e Ma ssé • An ton Hammerl • A ntonio C asemero • A ntonio de la Torre E cheandía • A ntonio R usso • A nura Priyantha • A nw ar al-R akan • A polinario

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are not made for our own glory or enrichment: they are made for you. Whether you deserve their sacrifice is another matter.

As for me, God knows I tried.

O r i g i n a l l y p u b l i s h e d i n T h e S u n d a y L e a d e r o n J a n u a r y 11 , 2 0 0 9 .

Photo: Courtesy of Lal Wickrematunge

“Polly” Pobeda • Arcadi Ruderman • Ardiansyah Matra’is • Arecio Padrigao • Aref Ali Filaih • Argemiro Cárdenas Agudelo • Aristeu Guida da Silva • Arkan

S h a ri f i • Arm a n d o Pace • A rmando Saldaña Morales • A rnnel Man al o • A r n u l f o Vi l l an u e v a • A r qu í m e de s A r i as H e n ao • A r t u r G i l e l a • A r t u r o B e t i a • A r u n

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The Virus of Faith

September 12, 1972 – February 26, 2015

On January 7, 2015, the world witnessed a tragic atrocity committed by soldiers of the so-called religion of peace when two masked Islamists armed with assault rifles entered the offices of Charlie Hebdo (a French satirical weekly newspaper) and killed twelve people, including two police officers, three cartoonists, and seven journalists. The gunmen were heard shouting “Allahu Akbar” (“God is great” in Arabic) and “We have avenged the Prophet Muhammad.” A mere three weeks before, on December 16, 2014, nine gunmen affiliated with the Pakistani Taliban conducted a terrorist attack in Peshawar, Pakistan. They entered a school, opened fire, and killed 145 people, 132 of whom were schoolchildren.

Avijit Roy was a Bangladeshi-American blogger and author who covered secular issues including science, homosexuality, atheism, and free expression. He and his wife were leaving a book fair in Dhaka, Bangladesh when they were attacked by two assailants with machetes who stabbed and hacked at them. Roy was pronounced dead at a local hospital within several hours.

Narayan Dekate • Arun Singhaniya • Asaad Kadhim • Asadullah • Asfandyar Khan • Ashok Sodhi • Asiya Jeelani • Askhat Sharipjanov • Aslam Durrani • Assaf

To me, such religious extremism is like a highly contagious virus.

My own recent experiences in this regard verify the horrific reality that such religious extremism is a “virus of faith.”

It all started with a book. A national book fair (popularly known as the Ekushey Book Fair) is held every February in Bangladesh.

Newly published books are displayed in more than five hundred stalls. Literally thousands of people come to the fair every day and enjoy buying new books. Publishers start preparing for this

Abu Rahal • Aswan Ahmed Lutfallah • Atallah Bajbouj • Athiwat Chaiyanurat • Atilano Segundo Pérez Barrios • Atputharajah Nadarajah • Atwar Bahjat

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event quite early as they try to get their books ready for the frenzy of the fair. One of my recent publishers, Jagriti Prakashani, timed the publication of my book Biswasher Virus (Bengali for The Virus of Faith) to coincide with the book fair of 2014.

As soon as the book was released, it rose to the top of the fair’s best-seller list. At the same time, it hit the cranial nerve of Islamic fundamentalists. The death threats started flowing to my e-mail inbox on a regular basis. I suddenly found myself a target of militant Islamists and terrorists. A well-known extremist by the name of Farabi Shafiur Rahman openly issued death threats to me through his numerous Facebook statuses. In one widely circulated status, Rahman wrote, “Avijit Roy lives in America and so, it is not possible to kill him right now. But he will be murdered when he comes back.”

Let’s put Rahman aside for a moment as I provide readers with a bit of background about the book. I knew there was a growing demand for Biswasher Virus long before it appeared in the market. It started when I wrote a few blogs on this particular topic on MuktoMona (a website of freethinkers of mainly Bengali descent). Due to faithbased politics, a lot had happened in Bangladesh in the year before, some of which I attempted to cover in my writings. When several bloggers were put behind bars for being openly atheist, I published articles including one in Free Inquiry (“Freethought Under Attack in Bangladesh,” October November 2013). I also covered other incidents surrounding the Shahbag Movement, such as an incident in which atheist bloggers including Ahmed Rajib Haider and Asif Mohiuddin were brutally attacked by fundamentalists. Mohiuddin was seriously

A u n g K y a w N a i n g , “ P a r G y i ” • A u r a n g z e b Tu n i o • A u r e l i o C a b r e r a C a m p o s • A u r o I d a • Av i j i t R o y • Aw a b a l - Z u b i r y • Ay h a m M o s t a f a G h a z z o u l • Ay o u b

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wounded but luckily survived a murder attempt in Dhaka on January 14, 2014; on the other hand, Haider was found hacked to death there a month later. I found a commonality in these writings: the virus of faith was the weapon that made these atrocities possible.

Another interesting case concerns Quazi Mohammad Rezwanul Ahsan Nafis, a Bengali student who came to the United States on a student visa in order to wage Islamic jihad. Nafis was arrested in 2012 by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation in a sting operation after attempting to set off a fake car bomb outside the Federal Reserve building in Manhattan.He was eventually sentenced to thirty years in prison after pleading guilty to terrorism. In my book, I tried to analyze how an afterlife-obsessed, terrorist brain such as Nafis’s could put our civilization in immense danger. Nafis’s deep faith in a holy text and his belief in afterlife rewards led to pursue his jihadi mission against the “infidels”; this can easily be compared to the action of a virus.

Faith-based terrorisms are nothing but viruses—if allowed to spread, they will wreak havoc on society in epidemic propotions. On September 11, 2001, Americans experienced a horrific atrocity in their own land that killed almost three thousand people and caused at least $10 billion in property and infrastructure damage. It was, of course, the virus of religion that had persuaded Mohamed Atta and eighteen others that perpetrating this bloodbath was not just a moral act but also a sacred duty. In the Charlie Hebdo attack, the Kouachi brothers killed twelve people and injured several others in the name of Allah and their prophet.

M o h a m e d • Ay s e l M a l k a c • Ay u b K h a t t a k • A z a d M u h a m m a d H u s s e i n • A z a m a t A l i B a n g a s h • A z i z A l - Ti n e h • A z i z u l l a h H a i d a r i • A z z e d i n e S a i d j • B a d r o d i n

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The cases of the Kouachi brothers, Nafis, and Atta are not isolated manifestations of the religion virus. Rev. Michael Bray, the American minister who was convicted of a series of abortion clinic attacks in the eighties, used biblical verses to defend his acts of terrorism. In 1992, Hindu fanatics destroyed Babri Masjid, one of the largest and oldest mosques in Uttar Pradesh of India, based on a religious myth called “Ram Janmabhoomi.”

The incident ignited riots in India and neighboring countries. As I am writing this article, ISIS one of the most infamous extremist groups—continues torturing minorities and beheading people in the name of Allah. Boko Haram, a terrorist organization in Nigeria, is not only forcing women and girls into prostitution but also massacring thousands of people mercilessly in the name of God. These are only a few examples of the viruses of faiths, and they’re happening all around us.

I don’t claim to have come up with any new or novel concept in Biswasher Virus. Those who are familiar with Richard Dawkins’s revolutionary idea of the meme (introduced in his 1976 magnum opus The Selfish Gene) are acquainted with the viral metaphor for religious ideas. Based on this idea, numerous authors have suggested the religion memeplex can behave like a “biological virus” acting in a living organism. Computer scientist Craig James (author of The Religion Virus) and psychologist Darrel W. Ray (author of The God Virus) independently proposed that the “religion meme” can be viewed as a virus. Philosopher Daniel C. Dennett (author of Breaking the Spell) suggested that religions display behavioral control over people in much the same way that parasites invade organisms. For example, the rabies virus infects very specific neurons in the brain of a mammalian host,

A b b a s • B a g u d a K a l t h o • B a k h s h e e s h E l a h i • B a k h t i B e n a o u d a • B a k s h i Ti r a t h S i n g h • B a l a N a d a r a j a h I y e r • B a p u w a M w a m b a • B a r a ’ a Yu s u f a l - B u s h i •

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later inducing the host to bite or otherwise attack others. The lancet fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum), a parasite, infects the brains of ants by taking control and driving them to climb to the top of blades of grass, where they can be eaten by cows.

Another parasitic hairworm, scientifically known as Spinochordodes tellinii, infects grasshoppers’ brains in a way that makes grasshoppers mor likely to jump into water and commit suicide, allowing the worm to mate.

Don’t we see similar occurrences in our human society? Take the horrifying videos of hostage beheadings by ISIS as an example. Regardless, President Barack Obama has made it abundantly clear that the United States is not at war with Islam. On laying out a strategy for dealing with ISIS (or, alternatively, ISIL), Obama declared: “Now, let’s make two things clear: ISIL is not Islamic. No religion condones the killing of innocents, and the vast majority of ISIL’s victims have been Muslim. . . . ISIL is a terrorist organization, pure and simple.” Obama also remarked, “ISIL speaks for no religion. Their victims are overwhelmingly Muslim, and no faith teaches people to massacre innocents. No just God would stand for what they did yesterday, and for what they do every single day.”

Whatever the motivation behind President Obama’s statements—whether it is simple strategy or so-called political correctness—there is very little doubt that ISIS speaks exactly for Islam. ISIS is what unfolds when the virus of faith launches into action and the outbreak becomes an epidemic. The Quran clearly states, “when ye meet the unbelievers (in fight), strike off their heads” (47:4), “smite ye above their necks” (8:12), and

B a r d h y l A j e t i • B a r k h a t Aw a l e • B a s e l Ta w f i q Yo u s s e f • B a s h a r a l - A t t a r • B a s h a r a l - N u a i m i • B a s h i i r N o o r G e d i • B a s i l a l - S a y e d • B a s i l I b r a h i m F a r a j

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“kill them wherever you find them” (2:191). According to the early biography of the Prophet Muhammad by Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad himself sanctioned the merciless massacre of the Banu Qurayza, a vanquished Jewish tribe. Some six hundred to nine hundred Qurayza men were led on Muhammad’s orders to the market in Medina. Trenches were dug, those men were beheaded with swords, and their decapitated corpses were buried in the trenches in presence of Muhammad. Citing the references to the massacre in Shahi Bukhari, the Pakistani Taliban (Tehreek-e-Taliban) considered their recent killing in Pesh war to be consistent with what Prophet Muhammad did to his enemies 1,400 years ago. Even Karen Armstrong—who has become immensely popular among Muslim apologists for “correcting” Western misconceptions about Islam—was so disgusted that she compared Muhammad’s massacre to the Nazi atrocities against the Jews. Saudi Arabia, the birthplace of holy Islam, still utilizes public beheading as a form of capital punishment for crimes including apostasy. When a person is convicted, he or she is taken to a public square, bound, and forced to kneel in front of the executioner. The executioner uses a sword to remove the criminal’s head from his or her body at the neck, following Islamic Sharia law.

ISIS is merely following the tradition that its holy prophet established more than a thousand years ago. We are familiar with the stories of Daniel Pearl, Nick Berg, Kim Sun II, and Paul Johnson, who were captured by the soldiers of Allah and then beheaded. We witnessed the same unfortunate fate for American journalists James Foley and Steven Sotloff, as well as British aid worker David Haines. ISIS’s cruel way of killing infidels is indeed

Bassel al-Shahade • Bassem Fawaz al-Zabi • Batoul Mokhles al-Warrar • Bayo Ohu • Bekim Kastrati • Belmonde Magloire Missinhoun • Benefredo Acabal •

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sanctioned by holy texts and Islamic sharia laws. Biologist Jerry Coyne was absolutely right in his essay in New Republic: “If ISIS is not Islamic, then the Inquisition was not Catholic either.”

It seems as if the American president has made a vow to avoid criticizing religion at all costs—particularly Islam. Such an attitude is nothing new. Coming just after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, President George W. Bush famously proclaimed that Islam is a “religion of peace.” However, rational scrutiny can show hundreds of verses in the Qur’an, which, by any standard are not “peaceful” but inhuman, parochial, and dangerously viral. For example, the Qur’an tells believers “not to make friends with Jews and Christians” (5:51) but to fight them “until they pay the Jizya (a penalty tax for the non-Muslims living under Islamic rule) with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued” (9:29); to “kill the disbelievers wherever we find them” (2:191); to “murder them and treat them harshly” (9:123); to “fight and slay the non-believers, seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem” (9:5); to “fight the unbelievers until no other religion except Islam is left” (2:193); and so on. Such teachings can easily incite hatred and violence in the mind of a fanatical believer. Just as a parasite can hijack the brain of a grasshopper to promote suicidal behavior, certain texts of a holy book can influence a terrorist’s mind—as seen in the cases of Nafis and Atta—into pursuing hugely destructive works through an insane sacrifice of the host’s life.

Of course I know that most Muslims are not terrorists; they are peaceful. The reason is that they do not follow the Qur’an literally.

Ben j a m í n Fl o res Go n z ález • B ernabé C ortés Valderrama • B ernard Maris • B ernard Verlhac • B ernard Wesonga • B hola Nath Masoom • B ienvenido L egarte

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As Taner Edis (author of An Illusion of Harmony: Science and Religion in Islam) pointed out in one of his essays, “Ordinary Muslims depend heavily on local religious scholars, Sufi orders and similar brotherhoods. . . . They hold Quran sacred, but their understanding of what Islam demands comes through local religious culture.” Moderate Muslims are, however, quite happy with descriptions such as “religion of peace”; they are similar to rhetoric from seasoned politicians. Osama Bin Laden, Anwar al‑Awlaki, the Kouachis and Coulibaly, Nidal Hasan, al-Qaeda, and ISIS—all of whom follow the scripture literally—are deemed responsible for mass destruction while their cherished dogma remains u questioned. Those who wish to be factually correct rather than politically correct may be outcast or even physically threatened.

This is exactly what happened to me. Rahman, the known cyber-terrorist of Bangladesh, issued laughably ironic death threats for my writing of Biswasher Virus. I found there was no difference between them and the “peaceful” Muslim demonstrators in Britain who were photographed (after the Dutch cartoon controversy) bearing banners that read, “Behead those who say Islam is a violent religion.” The phrase “religion of peace” gives me a belly laugh nowadays, and the association of Islam’s followers with terrorism never surprises me. It has been revealed that Rahman is linked to the radical Islamist party, Jamaat-e-Islami, and a terrorist organization, Hizbut Tahrir. Last year, Rahman threatened to kill a Muslim cleric who officiated at the funeral of Ahmed Rajib Haider (the aforementioned freethinker who was hacked to death). Under tremendous public pressure, Rahman was arrested, but to everyone’s surprise, he

J r. • B i e n v e n i d o L e m o s • B i l a l A h m e d B i l a l • B i l a l S h a r a f a l - D e e n • B i r e n d r a S h a h • B l a d i m i r A n t u n a G a r c í a • B o b i Ts a n k o v • B o l a d e F a s a s i • B o n i f a c i o

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was granted bail within few months. Since then, he has continued to threaten many progressives in Bangladesh, while no official action has been taken against him.

The story doesn’t end there. Rahman also sent a death threat to Rokomari.com (Bangladesh’s first online bookstore) and ordered the site to stop selling my books. In his Facebook post, Rahman published the office address of Rokomari.com and called upon his “Islamist friends” to attack the locality. He also told Mahmudul Hasan Sohagh, the owner of Rokomari.com, that he would suffer the same fate as Haider if he did not comply with Rahman’s demands. As a result, Rokomari.com took my books off its list. The news created a great uproar, and the issue came to the attention of national and worldwide media. Prominent online newspapers in Bangladesh prominently featured this story; international sites and newspapers reported the incident with due importance. Bangladesh’s government, however, was reluctant to take any action. Rahman was not arrested, and Rokomari.com did not apologize for its wrongdoings.

Regardless, many of my friends, readers, fans, and well-wishers took the issue quite seriously. Many bloggers and writers protested by withdrawing their books from Rokomari.com; others organized a campaign to boycott the company’s products. The situation drew continuous attention in news media, social media, and other circles devoted to free speech and freethought. After two days, Rokomari.com issued a statement on its Facebook page saying, “Rokomari is an online bookstore that does not sell or distribute books that has been banned by state [sic].” Rokomari. com also mentioned that some groups were trying to tarnish its

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image and reputation. I found Rokomari.com’s statement rather amusing. It is important to note that nobody ever went to court to complain about my book; furthermore, neither the state nor the government banned any of my books. Most of my writings deal with modern science and philosophy and include proper references to journals, newspapers, and academic literature.

Nevertheless, Rokomari.com withdrew my books from its site solely based on Rahman’s demand. Rokomari.com’s actions contradict the statement it issued. The site coordinators could have simply said, “Look, since these books were not banned by the state, we can’t withdraw them without a proper investigation.”

Or, they could have asked, “Where exactly is the objectionable material?” By getting rid of my books in a medieval fashion, Rokomari.com failed to conduct business in a professional manenr.

During a total solar eclipse in 1919, Sir Arthur Eddington’s historical experiment paved the way to test Einstein’s theory over classical Newtonian physics. In a similar way, I think the publication of Biswasher Virus created grounds for testing the hypothesis of whether religious faith can and does act as a virus.

The aftermath of the Rokomari. com-Rahman episode and the recent Peshawar and Charlie Hebdo massacres proved the hypothesis to be correct. If one thing is certain, it is that the virus of faith is dangerously real .

Originally published in Free Inquiry, a publication of the Council for Secular Humanism, a program of the Center for Inquiry.

Photo: Courtesy of Rafida Bonya Ahmed

Jacquet Ossébi • Bruno Koko Chirambiza • Burhan Mohamed Mazhour • Byron Baldeón • Callixte Kalissa • Calvin Thusago • Camille Lepage • Candelario

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CHRIS HONDROS

March 14, 1970 – April 20, 2011

Chris Hondros was an acclaimed international photographer and 2004 Pulitzer Prize finalist for his coverage of the unrest in Liberia. Over his career, he also worked in hot spots such as Kosovo, Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, and Iraq. He was killed in an explosion while working for Getty Images in the Libyan city of Misurata, along with fellow photographer Tim Hetherington.

Grant • Carlos José Guadamuz • Carlos José Restrepo Rocha • Carlos Lajud Catalan • Carlos Mavroleon • Carlos Ortega Samper • Carlos Oveniel Lara

Domínguez • Carlos Quispe Quispe • Car los Salgado • Carlos William Flores • Carmelo Palacios • Carsten Thomassen • Cecilio Pineda Birto • Cengiz Altun • Cetin

Chris Hondros/Getty Images Bio Photo: Courtesy of Getty Images/Katie Orlinsky

JAMAL KHASHOGGI

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What the Arab world needs most is free expression

I was recently online looking at the 2018 “Freedom in the World” report published by Freedom House and came to a grave realization. There is only one country in the Arab world that has been classified as “free.” That nation is Tunisia. Jordan, Morocco and Kuwait come second, with a classification of “partly free.” The rest of the countries in the Arab world are classified as “not free.”

Jamal Khashoggi was a columnist for The Washington Post whose writing included criticisms about Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman and politically motivated arrests in Saudi Arabia. He was killed in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul and a CIA report into his killing found that Salman likely ordered the journalist’s murder, though Saudi authorities deny his culpability.

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As a result, Arabs living in these countries are either uninformed or misinformed. They are unable to adequately address, much less publicly discuss, matters that affect the region and their day-to-day lives. A state-run narrative dominates the public psyche, and while many do not believe it, a large majority of the population falls victim to this false narrative. Sadly, this situation is unlikely to change.

The Arab world was ripe with hope during the spring of 2011.

Journalists, academics and the general population were brimming with expectations of a bright and free Arab society within their respective countries. They expected to be emancipated from the hegemony of their governments and the consistent

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interventions and censorship of information. These expectations were quickly shattered; these societies either fell back to the old status quo or faced even harsher conditions than before.

My dear friend, the prominent Saudi writer Saleh al-Shehi, wrote one of the most famous columns ever published in the Saudi press. He unfortunately is now serving an unwarranted five-year prison sentence for supposed comments contrary to the Saudi establishment. The Egyptian government’s seizure of the entire print run of a newspaper, al-Masry al Youm, did not enrage or provoke a reaction from colleagues. These actions no longer carry the consequence of a backlash from the international community. Instead, these actions may trigger condemnation quickly followed by silence.

As a result, Arab governments have been given free rein to continue silencing the media at an increasing rate. There was a time when journalists believed the Internet would liberate information from the censorship and control associated with print media. But these governments, whose very existence relies on the control of information, have aggressively blocked the Internet.

They have also arrested local reporters and pressured advertisers to harm the revenue of specific publications.

There are a few oases that continue to embody the spirit of the Arab Spring. Qatar’s government continues to support international news coverage, in contrast to its neighbors’ efforts to uphold the control of information to support the “old Arab order.”

Even in Tunisia and Kuwait, where the press is considered at least “partly free,” the media focuses on domestic issues but

Chou Chetharith • Chris Hondros • Christian Gregorio Poveda Ruiz • Christian Liebig • Christian Struwe • Christophe Nkezabahizi • Christopher Allen •

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not issues faced by the greater Arab world. They are hesitant to provide a platform for journalists from Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Yemen. Even Lebanon, the Arab world’s crown jewel when it comes to press freedom, has fallen victim to the polarization and influence of pro-Iran Hezbollah.

The Arab world is facing its own version of an Iron Curtain, imposed not by external actors but through domestic forces vying for power. During the Cold War, Radio Free Europe, which grew over the years into a critical institution, played an important role in fostering and sustaining the hope of freedom. Arabs need something similar. In 1967, the New York Times and The Post took joint ownership of the International Herald Tribune newspaper, which went on to become a platform for voices from around the world.

My publication, The Post, has taken the initiative to translate many of my pieces and publish them in Arabic. For that, I am grateful. Arabs need to read in their own language so they can understand and discuss the various aspects and complications of democracy in the United States and the West. If an Egyptian reads an article exposing the actual cost of a construction project in Washington, then he or she would be able to better understand the implications of similar projects in his or her community.

The Arab world needs a modern version of the old transnational media so citizens can be informed about global events. More important, we need to provide a platform for Arab voices. We suffer from poverty, mismanagement and poor education.

Christopher Guarin • Christopher Iban Lozada • Chuvit Chueharn • Cihan Hayırsevener • Claude Verlon • Clodomiro Castilla Ospino • Conrad Roy • Cosme

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Through the creation of an independent international forum, isolated from the influence of nationalist governments spreading hate through propaganda, ordinary people in the Arab world would be able to address the structural problems their societies face.

F ro m T h e Wa s h i n g t o n P o s t , O c t o b e r 1 7 t h © 2 0 1 8 T h e Wa s h i n g t o n Post. All rights reserved. Used by permission and protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States. The printing, copying, redistribution, or retransmission of this Content without express written permission is prohibited.

Photo: Omar Shagaleh/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

Maestrado • Crispin Perez • Cynthia Elbaum • Daif al-Gahzal al-Shuhaibi • Dalia Marko • Dan Eldon • Daniel Alejandro Martínez Balzaldúa • Daniel Pearl •

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DANIEL PEARL

DANIEL PEARL October 10, 1963 – February [n.d] 2002

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Musharraf Remarks May M e a n E a s e d Te n s i o n — I n d i a We l c o m e s K e y S p e e c h B y P a k i s t a n L e a d e r, S a y s I t Aw a i t s Concrete Action Tensions between Pakistan and India showed signs of easing after Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf outlined a broad crackdown on religious extremists operating in his country.

In a widely anticipated speech, Gen. Musharraf on Saturday banned two militant Islamic groups that India blames for a terrorist attack on its parliament last month. He said Pakistan wouldn’t allow terrorist activity from its soil but made clear his country would continue to support insurgent groups in the disputed Himalayan region of Kashmir, which is divided between Pakistan and India. Saying “Kashmir runs in our blood,” he repeated calls for talks with India on Kashmir.

Daniel Pearl last worked as the South Asia bureau chief for The Wall Street Journal. While in Karachi, Pakistan, investigating suspected terrorist Richard Reid’s ties to Al-Qaeda, Pearl was kidnapped by a group calling itself “The National Movement for the Restoration of Pakistani Sovereignty.” He was beheaded in a graphic video sent to the press by his captors.

India welcomed Gen. Musharraf’s promises but said it wasn’t ready to begin direct talks. India will give Pakistan “all due time” to implement the measures, Indian Foreign Minister Jaswant Singh said at a news conference yesterday, adding: “We will take two steps for every one step they take.”

The threat of war between the two nuclear powers remains, however. India said it wouldn’t yet reverse its massive mobilization

David Bolkvadze • David Gilkey • David Kaplan • David Meza Montesinos • David Niño de Guzmán • Davlatali Rakhmonaliev • Décio Sá • Declaud Djerabe

• Dekendra Raj Thapa • Dennis Cuesta • Dennis Denora • Desidario Camangyan • Devi Prasad Dhital • Deyda Hydara • Dhan Bahadur Rokka Magar

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of troops on the border with Pakistan, while Gen. Musharraf warned India on Saturday that crossing the border “in any sector” would be met with “full force.”

Still, there are now clear opportunities for shuttle diplomacy, as U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell prepares to travel to SouthAsia this week. U.S. officials went out of their way to praise the speech over the weekend; yesterday, President Bush spoke by telephone with both the Pakistani leader and Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. A White House spokesman said Mr. Bush thanked Gen. Musharraf for his speech and that both leaders had agreed to try to defuse the crisis.

One sticking point to better relations is that Pakistan and India have different definitions of terrorism -- and they are sticking to them. India is seeking an end to all attacks in Indian-controlled Kashmir, blaming the violence on fighters who infiltrate from Pakistan-controlled territory. A spokesman for Gen. Musharraf said yesterday that guerrilla attacks on Indian soldiers and police in Indian-held Kashmir represented an “indigenous struggle against Indian occupation forces,” not Pakistan-backed terrorism.

But there may be room for maneuver. A senior adviser to Gen. Musharraf said Pakistan’s leader is weighing methods of stopping infiltrators at the line of control that separates the two sections of Kashmir, but that such moves would be undertaken only through negotiations with India. U.S. officials are also encouraging Gen. Musharraf to rein in the Pakistani army’s support for Kashmiri militants.

Dharmendra Singh • Dharmeratnam Sivaram • Dhia Najim • Dickson Ssentongo • Didace Namujimbo • Didier Aristizábal Galeano • Diego de Jesús Rojas

DANIEL PEARL

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Extradition is another issue U.S. officials want Gen. Musharraf to pursue. India has handed Pakistan a list of 20 accused terrorists, including the leaders of the two newly banned Kashmir militant groups, Lashkar-e-Taiba (“Army of the Righteous”) and Jaish-e-Muhammad (“Army of the Prophet”). Gen.Musharraf ruled out handing over any Pakistanis but said non-Pakistanis on the list hadn’t been given asylum. That suggests Pakistan would consider handing over Sikh extremists and Indian Muslims accused of involvement in past bombings in Bombay.

Islamabad, which has ordered bank accounts of several extremist groups frozen, also appears to be weighing a further financial crackdown on financing. Security officials say Gen.Musharraf has recently requested a list of sympathizers and financiers of the targeted groups.

Meanwhile, a dozen militant groups are still operating in Indian-controlled Kashmir. Pakistan has detained hundreds of Pakistan-based Kashmir militants in recent weeks but hasn’t shut down groups in Pakistan-controlled Azad Kashmir (“Free Kashmir”), according to a spokesman for the Azad Kashmir government. Yesterday, hard-line Islamic groups vowed to defy the government’s crackdown. In recent weeks, Pakistan hasn’t allowed foreign journalists to travel without army escort to Muzaffarabad, the capital of Azad Kashmir and a hub of past militant activity.

In Saturday’s speech, which lasted just over an hour, Gen. Musharraf used unusually strong language to denounce Islamic groups that had protested his support of the U.S. bombing

Ve l á s q u e z • D i l i p M o h a p a t r a • D i l s h a n I b a s h • D i n a M o h a m m e d H a s s a n • D i n e s h P a t h a k • D i n g S a d e • D i p o n k a r C h a k r a b a r t y • D i r a r a l - J a h a d • D j a l m a

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DANIEL PEARL

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campaign in Afghanistan. He accused religious extremists of creating a “state within a state,” leading thousands of Pakistanis to their death in Afghanistan and creating a “Kalashnikov culture.”

Pakistanis rarely vote for religious parties, but militant Islamists still have clout. “We’re very happy that he has banned all these nasty organizations which are causing religious hatred in the country,” said Javed Iqbal, a barbershop owner in Peshawar, near the Afghanistan border. On the outer window of his shop hangs a Lashkar-e-Taiba sticker that reads “Kashmir can be liberated only by battling the Hindus.” Mr. Iqbal says a stranger put up the sticker. “I didn’t feel the need to pull it off,” he said, but “I’m not afraid of any group. Tomorrow I’m going to pull it off.”

R e p r i n t e d w i t h p e r m i s s i o n o f T h e Wa l l S t r e e t J o u r n a l , C o p y r i g h t 2 0 0 2 D o w J o n e s & C o m p a n y, I n c . A l l R i g h t s R e s e r v e d Wo r l d w i d e .

Photo: Courtesy of the Daniel Pearl Foundation

S an tos da C on c e i ç ão • D j a m e l Bo uhi de l • D j a m el D er r a z • D j a m el Z i a t er • D j i l a l i A r a b i d o u • Dm i t ry Ch eb o t a yev • Dm i t ry Kh o l o d o v • Dm i t ry Kri k o rya n t s •

Dmitry Popkov • Dmitry Shvets • Dmitry Zavadsky • Dolores Guadalupe García Escamilla • Domingos Sávio Brandão Lima Júnior • Dominique Lonneux

JAMES FOLEY

JAMES FOLEY October 18, 1973 – August [n.d] 2014

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Syria: Rebels losing support among civilians in Aleppo

Behind the mansion they were occupying, a group of half-naked rebels whooped with joy as they cannonballed into the murky, half-filled swimming pool.

It was July in the small town of Anadan, about 10 miles from Aleppo, Syria’s largest city. Anadan was a ghost town, deserted except for the Free Syrian Army and the sounds of the near costant barrage of regime shelling.

James Foley was an American journalist and contributor to GlobalPost and Agence France-Presse. Foley’s last known whereabouts were in Syria, where he was kidnapped in November 2012 by the Islamic State and held captive until his execution in 2014. The Islamic State posted a graphic video of his beheading online, claiming it to be retribution for U.S. military intervention in Iraq.

The junior commander, an illiterate 24-year old, joked that while the war raged all around it, the people of Aleppo were only concerned about their barbecues. He swore the rebels scrabbling through the countryside would soon make their way to Aleppo.

He promised Aleppo would burn.

Three months later, Aleppo is on fire. The 1,000-year-old market has been gutted, and the rebel-controlled west lies in ruins. Last week’s massive suicide car bombings, which leveled blocks of the government center, left craters some 10 feet deep.

Aleppo, a city of about 3 million people, was once the financial

Dona St. Plite • Duniya Muhyadin Nur • Duraid Isa Mohammed • Dusko Jovanovic • Dwijamani Singh • Dyar Abas Ahmed • Dzhumakhon Khotami • Ebrahim

Zalzadeh • Eddie Jesus Apostol • Edgar Damalerio • Edgar Daniel Esqueda Castro • Edgar Lopes de Faria • Edgar Pantaleón Fernández Fleitas • Edgar Quintero

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heart of Syria. As it continues to deteriorate, many civilians here are losing patience with the increasingly violent and unrecognizable opposition—one that is hampered by infighting and a lack of structure, and deeply infiltrated by both foreign fighters and terrorist groups.

The rebels in Aleppo are predominantly from the countryside, further alienating them from the urban crowd that once lived here peacefully, in relative economic comfort and with little interference from the authoritarian government of President Bashar al-Assad.

JAMES FOLEY

Both attacks leave indelible marks on the population: a child dead on a hospital table, a wounded girl in her father’s arms, a mother screaming, a dazed 12-year old asking if the sheet on the ground covers his father.

Through it all, though, some in Aleppo still support the rebels Hamza, a medical school graduate who treats wounded fighters on the front line said he thought the Free Syrian Army made the right choice to detonate the car bombs. It was an area where regime forces were centered, he said.

“The terrorism here in Syria is spreading, and the government has to do something about it,” said Mohamed Kabal, a 21-year old university student.

“And those who say there were civilians there, I say that we are in a war and you must not blame the FSA for bombing the Air Force Intelligence building, for instance, because no civilians should be there,” he said.

“The people in Syria must have an iron hand to rule them, otherwise we will eat each other,” he said, unconcerned that the rebel sympathizers nearby might hear him. “If the government is gone we will have a civil war that will never end.”

It’s the same argument the regime uses when it shells neighborhoods it believes are sympathetic to the Free Syrian Army. Any civilians still in these areas, it claims, must be supporting the “terrorists” and are legitimate targets.

As suicide bombers become the rebels’ most effective weapon—illustrating both their desperation against Assad’s air power and the growing presence of insurgents, both local and foreign, who once fought the US occupation in Iraq — the regime’s attacks too are getting more vicious.

Faez Shoaip, 63, used to be a taxi driver in Brooklyn. He returned home to Aleppo eight years ago and now is worried about the direction of the conflict.

The day after the suicide strike destroyed the government center, the Syrian army retaliated by launching an air assault on a school housing refugees. Witnesses called it a massacre, 10 civilians killed and about 60 wounded.

Edinaldo Filgueira • Édison Alberto Molina • Edmund Sestoso • Edo Sule Ugbagwu • Eduard Markevich • Eduardo Carvalho • Eduardo Estrada Gutiérrez

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“We don’t like Bashar, we don’t the like regime. We want them to go out. But there is an easier way. Kill everybody? Destroy the country just to change the regime? It’s too much,” he said, shaking his head.

• E d u a r d o G o n z á l e z • E d u a r d o M a a s B o l • E d w a r d C h i k o m b a • E d w a r d S m i t h • E d w i n R i v e r a P a z • E f r a í n Va r e l a N o r i e g a • E i p h r a i m A u d u • E j a z R a i s a n i

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Faez and his neighbors are tiring of the rebel leaders on the ground. And they are weary of the shells falling all around them.

They say they are frustrated that they have lost everything in a matter of months. The frustration shows. Shopkeepers whisper their discontent. Residents wave rebels away as they drive past.

While Faez visited his children in Idlib province last month, one rebel group broke down his apartment door and set up shop.

“They use everything. They changed my house into a camp,” he said. “They make a mess of everything.” When he complained they were wearing his clothes and destroying his property, the young rebel commander told him: “This is a time of war.”

It isn’t just civilians who are tiring of the rebellion. Some who have fought from the beginning have had their faith shaken as well.

Abu Sayed has fought hard for the revolution in Aleppo, his hometown. During the holy month of Ramadan in August, he fasted with a bullet hole healing in his thigh. He continued to fight, limping across sniper alleys on the front lines of the city.

Eventually his family’s apartment was overrun by the regime and he began sleeping in a mosque. Three weeks later during a mortar attack, shrapnel ripped though his neck. When he woke up, he saw his friends above him, saying, “Abu Sayed was a good man.”

When he lost consciousness again, he dreamed his 17-year-old brother, Hamdino—who was shot through the heart during an

Ejazul Haq • El-Hadj Mohamed Diallo • Eldy Sablas • Elidio Ramos Zárate • Eliseo Barrón Hernández • Elmar Huseynov • Elpidio Binoya • Elpidio Inacio •

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earlier protest—was holding his hand, guiding him somewhere.

He brother then stopped and told Sayed he had to go back.

As Sayed recounted his near-death experience, he smoked a cigarette and tears welled in his eyes. Patches of gauze were still taped to his neck.

“You know one of the FSA leaders from Maraa?” he asked. “They go into the free area when there’s fighting in Salahhadin. I see them taking screens, computers, telephones, everything they can lay their hands on.”

He said he’s seen civilians executed after rebels recklessly accuse them of being mercenaries for the regime.

“I saw one beaten to death,” he said. “The FSA didn’t check their facts, and now he’s dead. I know the man. He was 46. He has five children.”

“We have lost the civilians now,” he said, exhaling smoke.

Originally published in GlobalPost, October 16, 2012. Reprinted with permission of Public Radio International.

Photo: Courtesy of the James Foley Foundation

Elsa Cayat • Elvis Banggoy Ordaniza • Emma Podobed • Emmanuel-Damien Rukondo • Enenche Akogwu • Enrique Peralta Torres • Enrique Perea Quintanilla

D AV I D G I L K E Y

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D AV I D GILKEY January 05, 1966 – June 05, 2016

David Gilkey was an award-winning photographer for National Public Radio. He covered wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the conflict between Israel and Hamas in Gaza, the end of the apartheid regime in South Africa, an earthquake in Haiti, famine in Somalia, and the Ebola epidemic in Liberia. Gilkey, his Afghan colleague, Zabihullah Tamanna (pictured to Gilkey’s left above), and their driver were killed in an attack on their convoy in Afghanistan.

Enzo Baldoni • Ernesto Acero Cadena • Ernesto Maravilla • Ernie Rollin • Ernis Nazalov • Erol Akgun • Ersa Siregar • Eudés Nshimiryo • Eustorgio

Colmenares• Evany José Metzker • Evaristo Pacheco Solís • Fabien Fortuné Bitoumbo • Fabio Polenghi • Facely Camara • Fadel al-Hadidi • Fadel Shana

David Gilkey/NPR Bio Photo: Courtesy of NPR/Graham Smith

S H U J A AT B U K H A R I

SHUJAAT BUKHARI

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Fake news a concern for world of Journalism

February 25, 1968 – June 14, 2018

In today’s world, journalism is facing multifarious challenges and they have come mostly with fast changing technology. In the West, the print editions are facing tough times to survive and, in many cases, they have altogether disappeared. But these threats are understandable since the technological advancements have changed the lives of people to an unima inable extent.

Shujaat Bukhari was a Kashmiri journalist and former state bureau chief for The Hindu newspaper. He was also the founding editor of Rising Kashmir, writing about conflict in the region and working to bring about stability and lasting peace. Bukhari, along with two police officers assigned to protect him, was murdered by gunmen outside his office.

Fadhil Hazem Fadhil • Fadila Nejma • Faisal Arefin Dipan • Faisal Qureshi • Fakher Haider • Falah Khalaf al-Diyali • Falah Taha • Farag Fouda • Farah

Journalism is fighting to stay relevant as an average reader finds himself too to be a journalist with social media at his finger tips to disseminate information. But that is what the hard-core journalists who have been in the profession for long time and even presiding over the successful models of newspapers worldwide don’t agree with. For them there is no alternative to journalism when it is real.

The threats that are coming in way due to social media and the readers’ dependence on it were discussed at length at this year’s Global Editors Network summit in Lisbon. From how the newspapers need to integrate into a new model that is digital and data based to the challenges thrown by the use of social media and particularly fake news, the participants exuded

Ziane • Fares Hamadi Taqaddosi • Farhan Jeemis Abdulle • Farkhad Kerimov • Fausto Gabriel Alcaraz Garay • Fayez Abu Halawa • Fazal Wahab • Federico

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confidence that it is the real time journalism that will survive since the reader has an appetite to read the correct news. US President Donald Trump’s oft repeated jibe at what he calls “Fake News” dominated the discussions. Some expressed reservation in not linking news with fake and at the most calling it “false.” “News can never be fake, call it fake information,” quipped one. “It has been turned into a weapon to mean anything a particular person doesn’t like.”

The social media platforms like Google, Facebook and Twitter were focus of the discussions since they generate most of the content that does not go through the process of fact checking, editing and above all responsibility. The view was that both Facebook and Google have to take the responsibility of what it is churning out as they also are publishers “like us.” But they don’t take this responsibility. While in the West the social media platforms like Facebook are mostly used and not misused, in the developing world it is used against individuals by individuals and the menace of fake accounts and pages has not been controlled. This nuisance has badly hit its image even as it is seen as a boon as far as the freedom of expression is concerned.

Already under pressure for the data leakage, Facebook is struggling to resurrect its credibility. According to a survey by Tow Centre for Digital Journalism, these platforms have not been able to build trust among people in combating the fake news.

The figures are self-explanatory: 76 percent respondents have said that Facebook is not doing enough while as 71 have said it in case of Twitter and 65 percent for Google. In “just enough” category 14 percent have said it about Facebook, 17 percent for Twitter and 21 percent for Google.

Salazar • Felicitas Martínez Sánchez • Felix Solovyov • Felix Titov • Feng Zhaoxia • Ferdinand Lintuan • Ferdinand Reyes • Ferhat Cherkit • Ferhat Tepe •

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At the same time the newsrooms have started adopting new strategies and the relationship has shifted since the social media are seen as a “powerful” tool to enhance the reach, despite the strong reservations journalists have against them.

In a research conducted by same school in over 1000 newsrooms in America and Canada, it is becoming clear that these relationships have changed. “41% of the newsrooms surveyed said they made major changes to news production in response to the growth of social media platforms while 42% admitted to minor changes. Rather surprisingly, given all the bad press platforms have been getting lately, 50% of respondents said that platforms have strengthened their relationship with audiences. 56% of respondents said platforms should take a great deal or quite a bit of responsibility for financially supporting journalism. And 86% of respondents said that platforms have decreased trust in journalism,” says the research.

Another research conducted by Kantar shows a decline of trust in social media and online outlets primarily because of the fake news. Out of around 8,000 people they found that newspapers, magazines and TV news outlets had retained a greater measure of public trust than digital specialists had. Overall, 58 percent of those surveyed said that as a result of becoming aware of fake news they had less trust in social media news stories about politics or elections.

For mainstream media, the figure was 24 percent. With reference to what Trump has been saying, Kantar concluded, “The efforts to brand ‘mainstream news media’ as ‘fake news’ have largely failed.”

Fernando Batul • Fernando Consignado • Fernando Marcelino • Fernando Raymondi • Fernando Razon • Fernando Solijon • Ferzat Jarban • Fesshaye

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Besides, many other issues confronting media, the threats to it and efforts to undermine its relevance came in for healthy discussions. For example, Washington Post columnist Margaret Sullivan said, “While journalists cannot become the opposition party to populists, journalists should neither be docile, keep their mouths shut, or continue business as usual.”

With the “new media” eating into the space and even the revenue of the traditional media, a new space for embracing the changes has since been created. That is why one could see an amalgam of digital players, data managers, traditional editors and technological giants converging to give shape to a new and integrated newsroom. The chemistry between them is fast becoming a reality and this is probably because of the demands of the market.

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While we need a journalism that interprets at the same time it is important to see that impartiality is the only saving tool.

There is a need to differentiate between the social media and traditional media.

What is interesting to see is that despite the emergence and reach of social media, which is easily available in a place like India due to cheap communication, the traditional media has not lost its sheen. While in West, the hard copies are disappearing and the shift to online/digital is becoming a new reality, in places like India the print is going to survive for long time. Fake news emanating from social media platforms has in a way made the newspapers credible.

But the challenge for them also is to not to lose the sight in competing with “breaking news” syndrome that will bring them at par with false information that is coming out of no mechanism.

Fact checking, contextualization, and accuracy are the tools that are most important to follow. Losing a line between news reporting and opinion reporting is an anathema to journalism.

“ J o s h u a ” Yo h a n n e s • F i d a a a l - B a a l i • F i d e l i s I k w u e b e • F i l a d e l f o S á n c h e z S a r m i e n t o • F i l a i h Wu d a y M i j t h a b • F i l o l i s h o K h i l v a t s h o e v • F i r a s a l - B a h e r •

This column was originally published in Rising Kashmir on June 9, 2018.

Photo: Courtesy of AP Photo/Bikas Das

F i r a s M a a d i d i • F i r a s M o h a m m e d A t t i y a h • F l a v i o B e d o y a • F l o r A l b a N ú ñ e z Va r g a s • F r a n c i s N y a r u r i • F r a n c i s To m a s i c • F r a n c i s c o A r r a t i a S a l d i e r n a

A N N A P O L I T K O V S K A YA

ANNA P O L I T K O V S K AYA August 30, 1958 – October 07, 2006

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WE DECLARE YOU A TERRORIST T h e A n t i - Te r r o r i s t P o l i t i c s o f To r t u r e i n t h e N o r t h C a u c a s u s

Before me everyday are dozens of files—copies of the criminal cases of people jailed for “terrorism” or of those still under investigation.

Why is the word “terrorism” in quotation marks? Because the overwhelming majority of these people are designated terrorists. The practice of “designating terrorists” did not simply supplant in 2006 some kind of earnest anti-terrorist war. It came to breed on its own potential terrorists and a desire for vengeance. When prosecutors and the courts work, not for the sake of the law, but on political commission and with the only goal of providing good reports for the Kremlin, then criminal cases are baked like pancakes.

Anna Politkovskaya was a journalist renowned for her investigative reporting on human rights abuses by the Russian military in the Chechen conflict. During her career, Politkovskaya was threatened, jailed, forced into exile, and poisoned in response to her critical coverage. She was shot dead in her Moscow apartment while reporting on alleged torture in Chechnya.

An assembly line producing “open-hearted confessions” effectively guaranties good data on the war on terror in the North Caucasus.

This is what the mothers of a group of convicted young Chechens wrote to me: “…Essentially, these correctional colonies are concentration

Francisco Castro Menco • Francisco Gomes de Medeiros • Francisco Javier Ortiz Franco • Francisco Pacheco Beltrán • Francisco Parada • Franck Kangundu

• Freddy Elles Ahumada • Fuad Muhammad Syafruddin • G. Raja Sekhar • Gabriel Alburo • Gabriel Cruz Díaz • Gabriel Fino Noriega • Gabriel Gruener

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camps for convicted Chechens. They are exposed to ethnic discrimination. They are not allowed to leave solitary cells or isolation wards. The majority—almost all—are convicted on fabricated charges with no proof. They are held under cruel conditions; they are subjected to degradations of human values and they develop hatred for everyone. It seems that there is a whole army that returns to us with spoiled fates and corrupted understanding.”

Honestly I am frightened of their hatred. I am frightened because sooner or later it will leave the fringes. And then all will become the fringes, and not just those who were tortured. The practice of designating terrorists is the area in the sphere of “counterterrorist operations in the North Caucasus” where, head to head, two ideological approaches clash: Are we, the lawful, fighting against the unlawful? Or, are we battling “their” lawlessness with “ours”? This clash of approaches is guaranteed to exist for the present and future. The result of this “designation of terrorists” is the increase in number of those who won’t put up with it.

Recently, Ukraine extradited, upon Russian request, Beslan Gadayev, a Chechen. He was arrested in the beginning of August during a document check in Crimea, where he was living as a forced migrant.

Here is an excerpt from his letter of August 29: After I was extradited from Ukraine to Grozny, I was brought intoan office and immediately asked whether I had killed members

G a b r i e l H u g e C ó r d o v a • G a b r i e l l e M a r i a n H u l s e n • G a d z h i A b a s h i l o v • G a d z h i m u r a d K a m a l o v • G a u r i L a n k e s h • G a u t a m D a s • G e b r a n Tu e n i • G e l s o n

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of the Salikhov family, Anzor and his friend, a Russian truck driver.

I swore that I did not kill anyone, nor did I spill any blood, not Russian, not Chechen. They said, assertively: “No, you killed them.” I again denied this. After I told them a second time that I did not kill anyone, they immediately started beating me. They first punched me in the region of my right eye. When I came to after the blow, they tied me up and put handcuffs on me. They also shoved a pipe between my legs so that I could not wiggle with my hands, though I had handcuffs on. Then they grabbed me—well actually the end of the pipe to which I was tied—and hung me between two meter-high tables.

Immediately after they put me up there they attached an electrical lead to my little finger. After a few seconds, they turned on the current and at the same time began to beat me with clubs wherever they could. Unable to take the pain, I began to scream, calling the name of God, praying that they would stop. To keep me from being heard, they put a black bag over my head.

I do not know exactly how long it lasted, but I started to loose consciousness from the pain. Seeing that I was loosing consciousness, they snatched the bag from my head and asked weather I would talk. I said that I would, but that I did not know what I would tell them. I only answered this way so that they would stop their torture if only for a little while.

Then they took me from the hanging position and took the pipe and placed me on the floor. They said, “Speak.” In reply I said that I had nothing to say to them. To my words they replied by beating me in the same eye with the same pipe from which I was

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hanging. From that blow, I fell on my side, and, nearly unconscious, felt how they continued to beat me. …They again hung me up and repeated what they had done before. I don’t remember how long this lasted. They poured water over me again and again.

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in the form of welts, abrasions, bruises, broken ribs, and also damage to internal organs.

For all these ugly violations of human rights, Mr. Zakriyev filed a complaint with the prosecutor of the Chechen Republic.

The next day, they tried to cover up what they had done. They spread something on my face and body. Around lunch time a worker came to me and said that journalists had arrived. He said that I needed to admit to three murders and an assault, and threatened that if I did not agree they would repeat everything and also threatened that I would be subjected to sexual abuse.

I agreed. After I gave the interview to journalists, they again threatened the same punishment if I did not admit that they beat me after I attempted to run away.

Zaur Zakriyev, a lawyer who is representing Beslan Gadayev, told the human rights group Memorial that on the territory of a local police precinct in Grozny, his client endured physical and psychological violence. According to the lawyer’s statement, his client as good as confessed to a 2004 attack on armed forces officials. Police officials in Grozny wanted to extract further evidence that he committed crimes in Stariye Atagi and the Grozny Region.

According to the attorney, his client has visible wounds on his body after enduring severe violence. In the medical wing of Grozny’s pre-trial detention center, where Gadayev is currently detained, charged with “banditry,” his client underwent a medical examination which proved multiple beatings. He had wounds

Vigo • Georges Wolinski • Georgi Stoev • Georgy Chanya • Georgy Gongadze • Georgy Sanaya • Gerald Fischman • Gérard Denoze • Gerardo Bedoya Borrero

[ W E D E C L A R E Y O U A T E R R O R I S T T h e A n t i - Te r r o r i s t P o l i t i c s o f To r t u r e i n t h e N o r t h C a u c a s u s ] © 2 0 0 6 N o v a y a G a z e t a , t r a n s l a t i o n c o u r t e s y o f T h e N e w Yo r k T i m e s .

Photo: Novaya Gazeta

• Gerardo Ceferino Servían • Gerardo Israel García Pimentel • Gerardo Ortega • Germain Cyrille Ngota Ngota • Germain Kennedy Mumbere Muliwavyo

DEYDA HYDARA

DEYDA HYDARA

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We S h a l l P r e v a i l

June 09, 1946 – December 16, 2004

It is said that a tie was registered in Parliament when MPs voted on the Newspaper Act Amendment Bill. That is what the Clerk and the Speaker decreed. We are told that the counting, Hon Hamat Bah claimed that it was flawed, and eyewitnesses say the votes against the amendment were 22 and those in favour of the hike of the bond had only 15 votes.

What needs to be analysed is the so-called tie, as we are told the score was 15 to 15, as the Speaker acknowledged it.

This has never happened since the advent of this new Parliament in 1997.

Deyda Hydara was the managing editor and co-owner of the independent newspaper The Point, for which he wrote two columns that frequently criticized the government. He was shot while driving home from his office late at night, two days after the Gambian National Assembly passed a law imposing lengthy jail terms for reporters convicted of defamation or sedition.

Germán Antonio Rivas • Ghaith Abd al-Jawad • Gharib Mohamed Salih • Ghazi Rasooli • Ghazwan Anas • Ghislaine Dupont • Ghulam Muhammad Lone •

The MPs must be commended for responsibly playing their role in the name of the people they represent.

It is true that the majority of them belong to the ruling party, but if the government is about to make a mistake in its apprec ation of a given situation, it is their duty as true representatives of the people to blow the whistle. And that is what they did with their counterparts in the opposition.

Ghulam Rasool • Ghulam Rasool Birhamani • Ghulam Rasool Sheikh • Gilbert Munana • Gilles Jacquier • Gimbler Perdomo Zamora • Gina Dela Cruz

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DEYDA HYDARA

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The other bill that was passed last night seeks to amend the Criminal Code providing for the criminalisation of speech. It does away with the options of fine and emphasises custodial sentences of three months to three years for libel, sedition, false information and the very vague derogatory language etc, etc. The above amendment is now extended to the ordinary citizen and more so politicians.

With this amendment, journalists and politicians are going to be targeted even for their opinions, as per the articulation of the said amendment.

We now want to inform the MPs that we have been studying the bills with our lawyer Hawa Sisay-Sabally and have verified that they have some serious flaws that must be challenged and we have decided to do just that.

At a meeting held a few days ago before the passing of the bills, we had decided that we would again have to exercise our rights to seek redress, as these bills constitute an infringement of our professional pursuits. And we must challenge them in court as soon as the President assents to them.

Once again, we thank the MPs and call on Amadou Janneh to draw the consequences of such a development not only as a trained journalist but also as a man of conscience who has put his reputation at stake for the past few months.

Originally published in The Point on December 18, 2008.

Photo: Courtesy of the family of Deyda Hydara

Gleydson Carvalho • Gloria Martin • Godofredo Linao • Godwin Agbroko • Golam Mustofa Sarowar • Gratien Karambizi • Greg Hapalla • Gregorio Jiménez de

l a C r u z • G r e g o r i o R o d r í g u e z H e r n á n d e z • G r e g o r i o Y b a n e z • G r i g o l C h i k h l a d z e • G u i d o P u l e t t i • G u i l l a u m e B a r r e a u - D e c h e r f • G u i l l e r m o B r a v o Ve g a

TIM HETHERINGTON

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TIM

December 05, 1970 – April 20, 2011

HETHERINGTON

Tim Hetherington was an acclaimed international photographer, and co-director of the 2010 Academy Award-nominated documentary “Restrepo,” who worked in conflict zones all around the world. He was killed, along with fellow photographer Chris Hondros, in an explosion in Misurata, Libya amidst intense fighting between rebel and government forces.

G u i l l e r m o L e ó n A g u d e l o • G u i l l e r m o L u n a Va r e l a • G u i l l e r m o Q u i r o z D e l g a d o • G u n d a r s M a t i s s • G u s t a v o R a f a e l R u i z C a n t i l l o • G u s t a v o R o j a s G a b a l o •

G u z m á n Q u i n t e r o To r r e s • G y a n e n d r a K h a d k a • H a b i b a A h m e d A b d E l a z i z • H a b i b o l l a h H o s s e i n z a d e h • H a d i a l - M a h d i • H a d i A n a w i a l - J o u b o u r i • H a f i z

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Akdemir • Haidar al-Hussein • Haidar Alsamoudi • Haidar Hashim Suhail • Haji Abdul Razzaq Baloch • Halit Gungen • Halla Barakat • Hamid Abed Sarhan

TIM HETHERINGTON

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Hamid al-Duleimi • Hamid Mahiout • Hamoud al-Jnaid • Hamza Hajj Hassan • Hang Serei Odom • Hannibal Cachuela • Hansi Krauss • Harb Hazzah

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a l - D u l e i m i • H á r o l d H u m b e r t o R i v a s Q u e v e d o • H a r r y B u r t o n • H a r r y Ya n s a n e h • H a r u n u r R a s h i d • H a s h i m a l - H a m r a n • H a s s a n a l - A n b a k i • H a s s a n a l -

Tim Hetherington/Magnum Photos Bio Photo: Š Finbar O’Reilly

GAURI LANKESH

GAURI LANKESH

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In the Age of False News

January 29, 1962 – September 05, 2017

In this week’s issue, my friend Dr Vasu has written about the fake news factories at work in India on the lines of Goebbels.

Such lie-factories are mostly run by Modi-bhakts. I will try to explain the damage which is being done by these factories in my editorial.

Gauri Lankesh was the publisher and editor of Gauri Lankesh Patrike, a Kannada-language weekly tabloid covering issues including communal violence and the caste system. The publication was known for its criticism of right-wing extremism and the establishment. Three assailants killed Lankesh outside her home in Bangalore, shooting her in the head and chest.

On the occasion of Ganesh Chaturthi a few days ago, a rumour was circulated on social media by people of the sangh. It said that a Ganesha idol can be installed only on spots decided by the Karnataka government; that an amount of Rs 10 lakh is required to be deposited before such an installation; that permission needs to be obtained from the government for the height of the idol; that for immersion they have to take a route where people from other religions don’t live; and, that no crackers are allowed.

The false news was escalated by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) so much that in the end, the Karnataka police chief R.K. Dutta was forced to call a press conference and clarify that the government had framed no such rules. It was all a lie.

When we tried to trace the source of this rumour, we landed on

Wadhaf • Hassan Benaouda • Hassan Kafi Hared • Hassan Mayow Hassan • Hassan Osman Abdi • Hassan Yusuf Absuge • Hassan Zubeyr • Hatem Abu Yehia •

Hawker Faisal Mohammed • Hayatullah Khan • Haymin Mohamed Salih • Héctor Francisco Medina Polanco • Héctor González Antonio • Héctor Ramírez

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a website called Postcard.news. Run by fanatic Hindutva brigade, the site manufactures fake news and circulates it on social media everyday.

On August 11, Postcard.news ran a header “Taliban Rule in Karnataka” which carried the fake news regarding the intrusive rules of Karnataka government during Ganesh Chaturthi. The sanghis succeeded in spreading the lie across the state. People who were miffed with the Siddaramaiah government for some reason or the other, used the fake news as their weapon.

GAURI LANKESH

The fact is that until last year, there was no one to expose or counter the fake propaganda of the right wing. But now, several people have taken up the task, which is welcome. Earlier, only fake news came to the fore, but now, truthful news is coming out and is getting publicity too.

For instance, Dhruv Rathee uploaded a video on August 17, analysing Modi’s Independence Day speech and pointing out the lies in it. For the past several months, Rathee has been exposing Modi’s lies on social media.

What is most shocking and sad is that people accepted it as truth without thinking – with their eyes and ears closed and brains shut off.

Earlier, Rathee’s videos were watched by a limited audience but this particular video went viral and gathered more than a lakh views on YouTube.

Last week, after the court convicted fraud guru Gurmeet Ram Rahim for rape, his photos with several BJP leaders went viral on social media. Photos and videos of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and several Haryana BJP ministers were circulating. It irked the BJP and the Sangh. To counter this, they circulated a photo of Kerala chief minister and CPM leader Pinarayi Vijayan sitting with Ram Rahim. It was a photoshopped image.

According to Rathee, a month ago, the Busi Busiya [a word used

by Lankesh for Modi which means ‘a liar’] government told the Rajya Sabha that 33 lakh new taxpayers were added to the tax net post demonetisation. Earlier, finance minister Arun Jaitley had claimed that 91 lakh new taxpayers had been added to the tax net after the notes ban. However, the Economic Survey revealed that only 5.4 lakh new taxpayers were added. In his video, Rathee questioned which of these figures were true.

In the actual photograph, it is Congress leader Oommen Chandy beside Ram Rahim. In the morphed image circulated by rightwingers on social media, Chandy’s face was replaced by Vijayan’s. Thankfully, this propaganda by the Sangh did not succeed as some people immediately produced the original photo to call it out.

Héctor Sandoval • Helge Hummelvoll • Hem Chandra Pandey (Hemant Pandey) • Hemant Yadav • Henry Araneta • Henry Suazo • Heorhiy Chechyk • Heriberto

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Today, the mainstream media accepts the data given by the government and the BJP as gospel truth, as if the government’s claims cannot be challenged or questioned. When it comes to TV news channels, they are ten steps ahead in this. For instance, when Ram Nath Kovind was sworn in as the president, several English news channels ran the story that he had acquired more

Cárdenas Escudero • Herliyanto • Hernán David Choquepata Ordoñez • Hernández Pérez • Hernando Rangel • Moreno • Hernani Pastolero • Herson Hinolan

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than three million followers on Twitter within hours of taking office. The channels kept announcing it the whole day, trying to emphasise how Kovind’s popularity had increased.

Several TV news organisations seem to have teamed up with the RSS nowadays. The truth behind the story is that the official Twitter account of the outgoing president Pranab Mukherjee was assigned to the new president who simply inherited the followers along with the handle. It is noteworthy that it was the former President Pranab Mukherjee who had more than three million followers on Twitter.

Many fact checkers and myth-busters are now taking on the propaganda spread by the RSS and countering it with the truth.

While Dhruv Rathee does it through his videos, Pratik Sinha founded a website altnews.in for the same.

Others include websites like SM Hoax Slayer and Boom FactCheck. News portals The Wire, Scroll, Newslaundry and the Quint are actively debunking false news.

All of the people and organisations that I have mentioned have recently exposed the truth behind several fake news propagated by the RSS, which has irked the saffron brigade. What is more important is that these people do not work for money. Their sole aim is to expose fascists and their fake news bandwagon.

A few weeks ago, when heavy rains had brought Bengaluru to a standstill, Karnataka BJP’s IT cell circulated a photo with a sarcastic caption that read, “NASA found people walking on moon,

Hidaya Sultan al-Salem • Hilal al-Ahmadi • Hind Ismail • Hindia Haji Mohamed • Hiro Muramoto • Hisham Mijawet Hamdan • Hosea Maina • Hozan Abdel

GAURI LANKESH

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later Bengaluru Municipal Corporation (BBMP) confirmed it as Bengaluru road.” It was clearly an attempt to disseminate fake news against Siddaramaiah indicating that the state government had not done any work and the roads were full of potholes.

But the plan backfired when it was pointed out that the photo was from BJP-ruled Maharashtra and not Bengaluru.

Similarly, when riots erupted in West Bengal recently, the rightwing shared two posters on social media. One captioned ‘Bengal is burning’ showed charred houses. The second image showed a woman’s sari being pulled by a man with several onlookers. It was captioned “Hindu women are getting assaulted in Baduria.”

Soon enough, the truth behind these images came out.

The first image was taken during the 2002 Gujarat riots when Modi was chief minister of the state. The second was a still from a bhojpuri movie. This image was also shared by senior BJP leader Vijeta Malik.

Not only the RSS, even the BJP Union ministers are partaking in spreading propaganda and fake news. For example, Nitin Gadkari had shared a picture of Muslims burning the Indian flag and had commented, “On Republic Day, the tricolour being burnt in Hyderabad”. There is a new image search app on Google. If you search an image on it, you will be able to find out where and when the picture originated. Using this app, Pratik Sinha found out that the photo was originally taken in Pakistan during a protest by banned outfits.

Halim Mahmoud • Hrant Dink • Hugo Alfredo Olivera Cartas • Humam Najjar • Humayun Kabir • Humberto Millán Salazar • Huseyin Deniz • Hussain

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During a prime time debate, BJP spokesperson Sambit Patra raised the question of hoisting the tricolor in central universities like the Jawaharlal Nehru University, displaying an image on his tablet of six soldiers hoisting an Indian flag. Later, it turned out that it was a famous image of American soldiers hoisting the American flag after taking control of Iwo Jima island in Japan during World War II. Patra was merely using the manipulated image to deceive people. It cost him heavily when the lie was caught and he was made the butt-end of jokes on social media.

Recently, Union power minister Piyush Goyal shared a photo, boasting, “30,00,000 LED lamps were lighting up 50,000 kilometres of roads across India.” But that photo was also fake. It was a picture of a Japanese street in 2009. Goyal had also recently claimed, “Increase in indigenous charcoal supply in the last three years has resulted in savings of Rs 25,900 crore.” He had also shared a photo, which turned out to be fake again.

GAURI LANKESH

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been photoshopped and the story was given a communal angle.

When there was a furore over it, the MP deleted the fake news but neither did he apologise for it nor expressed regret over spreading a lie inciting communal hatred.

As my friend, Vasu, writes in the column that I too made the mistake of sharing a fake news story this week. It was a photo of a rally in Patna that Lalu Prasad Yadav had shared. But soon, my friend Shashidhar Hemmadi alerted me that it was a fake photo. I immediately admitted my mistake and shared the fake and original photos.

There was no intent to incite communal reaction or propaganda. I only wanted to convey the message that people are coming together against fascist forces. Finally, I want to salute all those who expose fake news. I wish there were more of them.

In Chhattisgarh, BJP’s PWD minister Rajesh Munat posted a picture of a bridge claiming it to be the achievement of the state government. But the photo shared was actually of a bridge in Vietnam. The post got 2000 likes, but was later deleted.

In our own Karnataka, the RSS and BJP leaders are not far behind in spreading propaganda. Pratap Simha, an MP from Karnataka, shared a report claiming that it has been published in the Times of India. The headline read “A Hindu girl stabbed and murdered by a Muslim.” Simha, who preaches morality to the world, did not once try to check the authenticity of the story. None of the newspapers had published such news. In fact, the headline had

Nazari • Hussam Salama • Hussam Sarsam • Hussein al-Jabouri • Hussein al-Zuba idi • Hussein Ali • Hussein Musa Njuki • Ian Subang • Ibrahim Abd

The original version of this editorial was published in Gauri Lankesh Patrike in Kannada language. The English translation was produced and published by The Wire on September 9, 2017.

P h o t o : M r. S h e e t h a l J a i n , c o u r t e s y o f t h e f a m i l y o f G a u r i L a n k e s h

al-Qader • Ibrahim al-Munjar • Ibrahim Foday • Ibrahim Goskel • Ibrahim Omar • Ibrahim Samura • Ibrahim Seneid • Ignace Ruhatana • Igor Abisaí Padilla

KURT SCHORK

KURT SCHORK

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S.Leone army repels rebel attack at key junction

January 24, 1947 – May 24, 2000

Rebel forces attacked Sierra Leone Army (SLA) troops around the important crossroads town of Rogberi Junction early on Tuesday, but were driven off, the SLA commander at the scene said.

Lieutenant Colonel Edmund Fangura told Reuters he was confident of holding the line at the junction, which is 87 km (54 miles) northeast of the capital, Freetown, with main roads running from there to the big towns of Port Loko and Lunsar.

“We have about 300 men at the junction. There’s no way that the RUF will ever have this junction again,” Fangura said.

Kurt Schork was a veteran Reuters correspondent who was killed in Rogberi Junction, Sierra Leone. He was traveling with soldiers from the Sierra Leone Army when forces of the Revolutionary United Front opened fire on his vehicle. The ambush took place in an area that had recently been the scene of fierce fighting between rebels and pro-government forces.

Chávez • Igor Aleksandrov • Igor Belozyorov • Igor Domnikov • Igor Hrushetsky • Igor Kornelyuk • Ihab Mu’d • Ihsan al-Buni • Ijaz Mengal • Ikechukwu

“I think they learned their lesson last night. My men were very well disciplined. Their morale is high,” he added.

Rogberi Junction is just south of the area where government forces on Monday found about six badly decomposed bodies wearing the uniform of United Nations peacekeepers and with Zambian identity tags and papers.

Onubogu • Ikechukwu Udendu • Ilan Roeh • Ilaria Alpi • Ilya Zimin • Ilyas Nizzar • Ilyas Shurpayev • Imad Abu Zahra • Imran Shaikh • Indika Pathinivasan

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The U.N., after seeing film footage of the bodies, said there was circumstantial evidence that these were U.N. peacekeepers, but that a more thorough investigation was needed to confirm this.

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Heavy artillery fire could be heard from the direction of Port Loko on Tuesday morning.

Fangura said his men had buried the bodies late on Monday in two separate graves. It was unclear if any U.N. personnel had inspected the bodies, which had to be buried quickly for hygiene reasons.

Fangura said the RUF had attacked early on Tuesday with heavy machine guns, mortars, automatic rifles and one antiaircraft gun.

“We had an initial contact about 2 km (1.2 miles) east of the junction at midnight and one of our men was killed in the firefight,” he said. “An hour later they attacked our forces around the junction. There was heavy fighting for about 40 minutes.”

The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebels pulled back at about 2 a.m. (0200 GMT). One RUF fighter was captured.

Fangura said Rogberi Junction was the SLA’s front line. “This is our forward position. We do not hold Lunsar. I assume that it is in rebel hands,” he said.

However, he said his men of the Fifth Sierra Leone Battalion had travelled the road to Port Loko on Monday without meeting trouble.

“There are rebel forces in the area. One has to assume they may attack any time, any place, but I think we have the forces to deal with them,” he said.

Indra Mohan Hakasam • Irfan Hussain • Irshad Mastoi • Isaac Vuni • Isabel Chumpitaz Panta • Isaiah Diing Abraham Chan Awuol • Isaivizhi Chempiyan •

© Reuters Limited 2000 and The Reuters Archive Photo: © Reuters Limited 2000 and The Reuters Archive

Ishmael Jalloh • Iskandar Khatloni • Ismael Jaimes • Ismael Pasigna • Ismail Amin Ali • Israel Gonçalves Silva • Israel Hernández Marroquín • Israel Zelaya

J AV I E R VA L D E Z C Á R D E N A S

J AV I E R

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Malayerba: El licenciado

April 14, 1967 – May 15, 2017

VA L D E Z C Á R D E N A S

El tío ya no lo aguantó. Era la vergüenza de la familia. Así que decidió meterlo a un centro de internamiento para adictos. Llamó con alguien y rápido llegó la voladora: una camioneta cerrada con siete jóvenes que lo tumbaron a empujones y patadas, lo ataron con manos y brazos y luego de someterlo, lo metieron al vehículo para llevárselo. Salieron de ahí hechos la mocha y apenas el polvo marcó la partida.

Javier Valdez Cárdenas was the co-founder of Riodoce, a Mexican magazine focused on organized crime, corruption, and regional politics and a frequent target of threats and even occasional violence. Valdez Cárdenas previously received CPJ’s 2011 International Press Freedom Award. In May 2017, he was dragged out of his car near the editorial offices of Riodoce and shot at least 12 times.

Díaz • Issa Ngumba • Issam Obeid • Issam Tillawi • Ítalo Eduardo • Diniz Barros • Ivan Darío Pelayo • Ivan Fedyunin • Ivan Safronov • Ivanildo Viana • Ivo

Llegaron y lo siguieron tundiendo. Se acercó alguien que parecía el que mandaba. Bien vestido, alto, con voz gruesa. Todos se detuvieron frente a él, casi cuadrándose. Bola negra, dijo. Y todos reiniciaron los golpes. Esta vez le cortaron parte de la espalda y le abrieron la cabeza. Al diagnóstico se agregó fractura de clavícula. Se quedó ahí, tendido. Le dieron paracetamol y le gritaron al segundo día ya levántate güevón. Órale, este no es un hotel.

Lo sacudieron, le dieron polvo y reaccionó. Vámonos, tenemos que ir en la voladora por otros dos. Eso era la bola negra y él debía aplicársela a otros. De lo contrario, se lo harían de nuevo.

Repartió tantos chingazos como bolas negras y fue así que logró que lo incluyeran entre los invitados a las fiestas. Otro nivel.

Pu k a n i c • Ivo S t a n d eker • Izzet K ezer • Jacinto Hernández Torres • Jacques R oche • Jagadish B abu • Jagat P rasad Joshi • Jagendra Singh • Jagjit Saikia

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J AV I E R VA L D E Z C Á R D E N A S

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Cerveza, yerba y perico. Las mujeres que del área femenil también estaban para ellos. Podían bailar y drogarse, y luego entrar sin permiso en sus oquedades. Una vez en la burbuja nebulosa de los viajes fantásticos no había manera de oponer resistencia.

Había permisos y premios, y también para él. Se los fue ganando a fuerza de puñetazos y patadas. De decirle sí al jefe, que era el licenciado. Lo enseñaron a delinquir y a pasar las líneas de las drogas. Le pusieron de apodo el demonio. Cuando el tío fue por él le dijeron que estaba mucho mejor. Pero no lo vio. Dónde anda. Es que fue a comprar comida y a botear en los cruceros.

Pero va muy bien, pronto estará totalmente recuperado. El tío se fue, aliviado por las buenas nuevas pero no del todo convencido: no haberlo visto le dejó amarga la boca.

Ninguno como él. Les decía el licenciado tráiganme al demonio y se lo llevaban. Era bueno para los golpes y para cumplir las órdenes. Un samurái de los enervantes y las luchas callejeras.

Puma de alcantarillas. El demonio llegaba y paspas. La víctima no se levantaba en días. Un premio para él. Sabía que podía saborear la droga que quisiera, y también a las recluidas en el área contigua. Se sumergió en las arenas movedizas del placer, de los viajes en globo y del paseo por las nubes oscuras de los sótanos. Sonrió y babeó. Y así quedó, esparcido en el piso, con viscosidades en la boca. Inerme. Cuando fueron por él para aplicar otra bola negra, el licenciado dijo ni modo. Era mi preferido.

Y gritó bola negra.

Originally published in Riodoce on May 15, 2017.

Photo: Courtesy of CPJ/Barbara Nitke

J aime A r tur o Ol v e ra Brav o • J a i m e G ua d a l u p e G o n z á l ez D o m í n g u ez • J a i m e R en g i f o R ever o • J a i ro El í a s Má rq u ez Ga l l eg o • J a i ro S o u sa • J a l a a a l - Ab a d i •

Jamal Abdul-Nasser Sami • Jamal al-Sharaabi • Jamal al-Zubaidi • Jamal Khalifeh • Jamal Khashoggi • Jamal Uddin • James Brolan • James Edwin Richards

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ANJA

October 12, 1965 – April 04, 2014

NIEDRINGHAUS

Anja Niedringhaus was a German photographer for The Associated Press whose coverage of the Iraq War earned her and a team of ten other AP photographers the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography. In April 2014, she was traveling in a convoy of election workers in Afghanistan when an Afghan police officer walked up to her car and opened fire, killing her.

J a m e s F o l e y • J a m e s M i l l e r • J a m e s O g o g o • J a m e s P. H u n t e r • J a m s h e d D a v l i y a t m a m a t o v • J á n K u c i a k • J a n u l l a h H a s h i m z a d a • J a r u e k R a n g c h a r o e n

• J a s s i m a l - B a t a t • J a v e d A h m e d M i r • J a v e d K h a n • J a v e d N a s e e r R i n d • J a v i e r D a r í o A r r o y a v e • J a v i e r E n r i q u e R o d r í g u e z Va l l a d a r e s • J a v i e r Va l d e z

Anja Niedringhaus/AP Photo Bio Photo: Courtesy of AP Photo/Peter Dejong

SYED SALEEM SHAHZAD

SYED SALEEM SHAHZAD

November 03, 1970 – May [n.d] 2011

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Al-Qaeda had warned of Pakistan strike

Al-Qaeda carried out the brazen attack on PNS Mehran naval air station in Karachi on May 22 after talks failed between the navy and al-Qaeda over the release of naval officials arrested on suspicion of al-Qaeda links, an Asia Times Online investigation reveals.

Pakistani security forces battled for 15 hours to clear the naval base after it had been stormed by a handful of well-armed militants.

Syed Saleem Shahzad was a Pakistani investigative journalist who was reported missing after writing about alleged links between Al-Qaeda and the Pakistani Navy. His body was found two days later in a canal, signs of torture around the face and neck. For months prior, the journalist told friends he had been warned by intelligence agents to stop reporting on sensitive security matters.

At least 10 people were killed and two United States-made P3-C Orion surveillance and anti-submarine aircraft worth US$36 million each were destroyed before some of the attackers escaped through a cordon of thousands of armed forces.

An official statement placed the number of militants at six, with four killed and two escaping. Unofficial sources, though, claim there were 10 militants with six getting free. Asia Times Online contacts confirm that the attackers were from Ilyas Kashmiri’s 313 Brigade, the operational arm of al-Qaeda.

Three attacks on navy buses in which at least nine people were

C ár de nas • Jaw a d a l - D a a m i • J a we d Ahm a d • J ea n C a b u t • J ea n H él èn e • J ea n L éo p o l d D o m i ni q u e • J ea n Pa u l Ib a rra Ra m í rez • J ea n - Cl a u d e J u m el • J ea n

-Léonard Rugambage • Jean-Rémy Badio • Jeanne d’Arc Mukamusoni • Jefferson Pureza Lopes • Jenner “J.C.” Cole • Jepon Cadagdagon • Jerges Mahmood

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killed last month were warning shots for navy officials to accept al-Qaeda’s demands over the detained suspects.

The May 2 killing in Pakistan of Osama bin Laden spurred al-Qaeda groups into developing a consensus for the attack in Karachi, in part as revenge for the death of their leader and also to deal a blow to Pakistan’s surveillance capacity against the Indian navy.

The deeper underlying motive, though, was a reaction to massive internal crackdowns on al-Qaeda affiliates within the navy.

Volcano of militancy Several weeks ago, naval intelligence traced an al-Qaeda cell operating inside several navy bases in Karachi, the country’s largest city and key port.

“Islamic sentiments are common in the armed forces,” a senior navy official told Asia Times Online on the condition of anonymity as he is not authorized to speak to the media.

“We never felt threatened by that. All armed forces around the world, whether American, British or Indian, take some inspiration from religion to motivate their cadre against the enemy.

Pakistan came into existence on the two-nation theory that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations and therefore no one can separate Islam and Islamic sentiment from the armed forces of Pakistan,” the official said.

Mohamad Suleiman • Jeroen Oerlemans • Jessé Medina Parra • Jesus “Jessie” Tabanao • Jesús Abel Bueno León • Jesús Adrián Rodríguez Samaniego • Jesús

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“Nonetheless, we observed an uneasy grouping on different naval bases in Karachi. While nobody can obstruct armed forces personnel for rendering religious rituals or studying Islam, the grouping [we observed] was against the discipline of the armed forces. That was the beginning of an intelligence operation in the navy to check for unscrupulous activities.”

The official explained the grouping was against the leadership of the armed forces and opposed to its nexus with the United States against Islamic militancy. When some messages were intercepted hinting at attacks on visiting American officials, intelligence had good reason to take action and after careful evaluation at least 10 people - mostly from the lower cadre - were arrested in a series of operations.

“That was the beginning of huge trouble,” the official said.

Those arrested were held in a naval intelligence office behind the chief minister’s residence in Karachi, but before proper interrogation could begin, the in-charge of the investigation received direct threats from militants who made it clear they knew where the men were being detained.

The detainees were promptly moved to a safer location, but the threats continued. Officials involved in the case believe the militants feared interrogation would lead to the arrest of more of their loyalists in the navy. The militants therefore made it clear that if those detained were not released, naval installations would be attacked.

Alejandro Márquez Jiménez • Jesús Rafael Flores Rojas • Jhoy Duhay • Jill Dando • Jimmy Higenyi • Jitendra Singh • Joao Alberto Ferreira Souto • João

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It was clear the militants were receiving good inside information as they always knew where the suspects were being detained, indicating sizeable al-Qaeda infiltration within the navy’s ranks. A senior-level naval conference was called at which an intelligence official insisted that the matter be handled with great care, otherwise the consequences could be disastrous.

Everybody present agreed, and it was decided to open a line of communication with al-Qaeda.

Abdul Samad Mansoori, a former student union activist and now part of 313 brigade, who originally hailed from Karachi but now lives in the North Waziristan tribal area was approached and talks begun. Al-Qaeda demanded the immediate release of the officials without further interrogation. This was rejected.

The detainees were allowed to speak to their families and were well treated, but officials were desperate to interrogate them fully to get an idea of the strength of al-Qaeda’s penetration.

The militants were told that once interrogation was completed, the men would be discharged from the service and freed.

Al-Qaeda rejected these terms and expressed its displeasure with the attacks on the navy buses in April.

These incidents pointed to more than the one al-Qaeda cell intelligence had tracked in the navy. The fear now was that if the problem was not addressed, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) supply lines could face a new threat. NATO convoys are routinely attacked once they begin the journey from Karachi to Afghanistan; now they could be at risk in

M ir anda do C arm o • J o ã o Val d e c i r de Bor b a • J o a q u i n B r i o n es • J o a s D i g n o s • J o ch en P i es t • J o el Pa rco n • J o ey Ll a n a • J o h a n n e S u t t o n • J o h n Ca n i b a n •

SYED SALEEM SHAHZAD

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Karachi port. Americans who often visit naval facilities in the city would also be in danger.

Therefore, another crackdown was conducted and more people were arrested. Those seized had different ethnic backgrounds.

One naval commando came from South Waziristan’s Mehsud tribe and was believed to have received direct instructions from Hakeemullah Mehsud, the chief of the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (Pakistan Taliban). Others were from Punjab province and Karachi, the capital of Sindh province.

After Bin Laden was killed by American Navy Seals in Abbottabad, 60 kilometers north of Islamabad, militants decided the time was ripe for major action.

Within a week, insiders at PNS Mehran provided maps, pictures of different exit and entry routes taken in daylight and at night, the location of hangers and details of likely reaction from external security forces.

As a result, the militants were able to enter the heavily guarded facility where one group targeted the aircraft, a second group took on the first strike force and a third finally escaped with the others providing covering fire. Those who stayed behind were killed.

T h i s a r t i c l e w a s o r i g i n a l l y p u b l i s h e d o n M a y 2 7 , 2 0 11 , b y A s i a Ti m e s a t < w w w. a t i m e s . c o m / a t i m e s / S o u t h _ A s i a / M E 2 7 D f 0 6 . h t m l > .

Photo: BANARAS KHAN/AFP/Getty Images

J o h n K i t u y i • J o h n M c N a m a r a • J o h n S c h o f i e l d • J o j o Tr a j a n o • J o l i t o E v a r d o • J o m a a A l - A h m a d • J o r d i P u j o l • J o r g e A g u i r r e • J o r g e A l b e r t o O r e l l a n a

GERALD FISCHMAN

GERALD FISCHMAN

November 08, 1956 – June 28, 2018

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Our say: Primary election a good day for women, a bad one for incumbents

In a democracy, elections are the final reality check. And after Tuesday’s primary election, without having to squint at any tea leaves, we can see at least a few trends.

Statewide, Democrats are joining fellow party members nationwide in moving toward the progressivism embodied by Bernie Sanders’ presidential campaign two years ago. If those voters’ top concern was ousting Gov. Larry Hogan — whose governing philosophy is to occupy the middle ground — they might have followed their party establishment’s lead in signing on with Prince George’s County Executive Rushern Baker, given his record of effectiveness within the existing political framework.

Gerald Fischman was the editorial page editor of the Capital Gazette, for which he wrote editorials for more than 25 years. He was shot to death in the Capital’s newsroom in Annapolis, Maryland by a gunman with a longstanding grudge against the newspaper. The gunman had barricaded the rear exit of the newsroom, trapping Fischman and four other victims inside.

The four other victims of the Capital Gazette shooting were assistant editor Rob Hiaasen (59), staff writer John McNamara (56), sales assistant Rebecca Smith (34), and special publications editor Wendi Winters (65).

Jorge Enrique Urbano Sánchez • Jorge Ibrain Tortoza Cruz • Jorge Lourenço dos Santos • Jorge Luis Marroquín Sagastume • Jorge Martín Dorantes • Jorge

But elections are often more about passion than calculation.

And the passion was on the side of former NAACP chief Ben Jealous, whose unabashedly liberal agenda includes marijuana legalization and state-based Medicare for all. Jealous is a forceful speaker, and this will be an exciting campaign. We’ll know on Nov. 6 if the party officials who wanted Baker were timid, or just realistic.

At least in Anne Arundel County, “the year of the woman” is no

M é r i d a P é r e z • J o r g e M y n o r A l e g r í a A r m e n d á r i z • J o r g e O c h o a M a r t í n e z • J o r g e To r r e s P a l a c i o s • J o s é A b e l S a l a z a r S e r n a • J o s é A g u s t í n S i l v e s t r e d e l o s

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longer a mere slogan. At a minimum, the fall election will put two women on the currently all-male County Council: There are all-female general election races in Districts 1 and 5, and there is one woman candidate each in Districts 2, 3, 6 and 7.

Also, it’s not the best year to be an incumbent, especially if you are toting some baggage.

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his razor-thin winning margin is vulnerable to absentee and provisional votes.

In any case, after the winning candidates rest up — and the losers go through political withdrawal — it will be on to the next phase of what is already a very interesting election.

Even with his GOP opposition divided between three candidates, three-term Sheriff Ronald Bateman, beset by problems ranging from his personal life to his management of the office, lost to Jim Fredericks, a county police department official.

Two out of three council incumbents fell to primary opponents.

Michael Peroutka’s defeat in District 5 wasn’t a shock, given his fringe ideology and disengagement from the basic tasks of county government. More startling was the loss of Pete Smith, a diligent and personable Democratic incumbent, to Sarah Lacey, a political newcomer. Perhaps District 1 voters wanted someone more progressive — or someone who hadn’t voted for a big tax break for a casino.

Other familiar faces had a rough Tuesday. Former County Executive John Leopold’s attempt to gain a legislative seat — and re-litigate his misconduct-in-office conviction — stalled in District 31B. Two-term County Councilman Jerry Walker couldn’t persuade the Republican voters of District 33 to reject any of the three incumbents. Another two-term councilman, John Grasso, had an unexpectdly tough time getting the GOP voters of District 32 to give him a state Senate nomination —

S a n t o s • J o s é A l b e r t o Ve l á z q u e z L ó p e z • J o s é A m a y a J a c i n t o • J o s é A r m a n d o R o d r í g u e z C a r r e ó n • J o s é A r t u r o G u a p a c h a • J o s é B a y a r d o M a i r e n a • J o s e

Originally published in The Baltimore Sun on June 27, 2018.

Photo: The Baltimore Sun via AP

Bernardo • José Cândido de Amorim Filho • José Carlos Araújo • José Carlos Mesquita • José Couso • José Duviel Vásquez Arias • José Eli Escalante • José

R A F I Q TA Ğ I

RAFIQ TAĞI

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İran və qloballaşma qaçılmazlığı

August 05, 1950 – November 23, 2011

İslamı dünyada gözdən salan, həyat tərzini dini-fantastik süjetlərlə quran, elmin az qala ancaq Quran təfsirlərindən ibarət olduğu İran adlı bir dövlət artıq bəşəriyyət üçün dözülməz olmuşdur. Bu dövlət müharibələrlə dolu olan tarixi ilə mütəkəbbir görsənməkdə, mədəni dünyanı hədələməkdə davam edir.

Müasir İran – asanlıqla dağılası mifdir.

Rafiq Taği was a freelance Azerbaijani writer known for his opposition to political Islam and his criticism of Azerbaijani authorities. Taği was previously imprisoned in May 2007 for an article he wrote asserting Islam was hampering Azerbaijan’s economic and political progress. He was attacked on the street, stabbed seven times, and died in a Baku hospital several days later.

Emeterio Rivas • José Emilio Galindo Robles • José Everardo Aguilar • José Givonaldo Vieira • José Guadalupe Chan Dzib • José Luis Cabezas • José Luis

İsraili yer üzündən silməyə çağıran, nəhəng kəşfləri ilə bəşəriyyəti gələcəyə tullamış, peyğəmbərlər milləti yəhudilərə daim nifrət aşılayan, Nürnberqdə Beynəlxalq Hərbi Tribunalın, hətta indiyəcən yəhudilərə təzminat ödəyən almanların da, tanıdığı Holokostu heç cür tanımaq istəməyən, imam Mehdi sahib-əz Zamanı İran ərazisində şəxsən özü qarşılamağa hazırlaşan bir dövlət başçısına, konkret olaraq Mahmud Əhmədinejada, ya bahar bayramı Novruzu islama uyğun saymayan, edam olunandan sonra təqsirsizliyi-günahsızlığı bilinənlərin birbaşa cənnətə gedəcəyini bəyan edən, qadına boşanmaq hüququnu yalnız kişinin cinsi alətinin yoxluğu sübuta yetirildiyi halda tanıyan, inkişafı çoxarvadlılıq yolu ilə çoxalmaqda görən, öz millətlərinin belə yazıb-oxumaq haqqını tapdalayan dini ölkə rəhbərlərinə qətiyyən ağıl sahibi demək olmaz.

León Desiderio • José Luis López de la Calle • José Luis Ortega Mata • José Luis Rojas • José Luis Romero • Jose Manuel • José Manuel Nava Sánchez • Jose

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R A F I Q TA Ğ I

Teokratiyaya insanlıq çoxdan yox deyib; bu sayaq mübahisələrə yüzillərdir nöqtə qoyulub.

Qloballaşma bütün dünyada inkişafı ləngidən milli ənənələrin ləğvi demək olardı.

Çağdaş dünyada teokratik dövlət eybəcər və qorxuncdur. Şəriət qanunları sivil hüquqla dissonans təşkil edir.

“Yer kürəsi bəşəriyyətin təkotaqlı mənzilidir,” – bir vaxt mən yazmışdım. Dünyadakı bütün insanlar yerdaşlardır.

İran öz ambisiyaları ilə mədəni dünyada təcrid vəziyyətindədir Təəssüf, əldə olunacağı təqdirdə atom silahını da yuxular, ya vəhylərlə idarə edəsi İran mədəniyyətlə yox, artıq yalnız vəhş liklərlə dünya üzünə çıxmaqdadır. Daha bilmirlər ki, indi ən nəhəng vəhşiliklər də ram ediləndir.

Qloballaşma totalitarlığı istisna edir.

İnsanlıq dünyəvi ədalət istehsal edən gücə malikdir.

Müstəqil Azərbaycan Respublikasına İrandan gələn təhdidlər gülünc görsənir. Kobud bir məsəl: eşşəyə gücü çatmır, palanı döyür. Dediyim kimi, İran bizi barı korşalmış bir mədəniyyətləsə də yox, zoru ilə təəccübləndirir.

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Qloballaşmada dinlər Allah adından yalanlar kimi üzə çıxır, rahat və təhlükəsiz həyatı şərtləndirən açıq cəmiyyətlər bütün dünyada bərqərar olur, insanlar bir-biri ilə asanlıqla anlaşır. Dünyanın yalnız elmi dərki vacib görsənir. Milli-dini naqisliklər birdəfəlik tarixin arxivinə gömülür. Ziyanlı tarixi biliklər utilə çevrilmiş olur.

Yeri gəlmişkən, tarix qarı düşmənçilik mənbəyidir. ...Gəlsənə, qloballaşmanın nəfinə fikirlər yürüdək.

Cənnət-cəhənnəm tərbiyəsi görmüş mənəviyyat yoğun bağırsaq kimi buynuzlu soxulcanlar yetirər. *** İran kimi totalitar dövlətlər yada düşdükcə, qloballaşmanın vacibliyinə, onun qaçılmazlığına bir daha əmin olursan. Qloballaşma artıq fəsadlar törətməkdə olan mədəniyyətləri lüzumsuz edir. İrandakı hərbi təkəbbür doğuran, insanları təhdid edən mədəniyyət bəşər sivilizasiyası üçün atavizm sayılmalıdır.

< w w w. a z a d l i q . o rg / a / 2 4 3 8 7 1 3 4 . h t m l > C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 1 8 . R F E / R L , Inc. Reprinted with the permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Libe r t y, 1 2 0 1 C o n n e c t i c u t A v e N W, S t e 4 0 0 , Wa s h i n g t o n , D . C . 2 0 0 3 6 .

Photo: Azadliq Radiosu (RFE/RL)

M ar ia dos S ant o s • J o sé M o i sé s Sánc he z C er ez o • J o s é O q u en d o R eyes • J o s é R a m í r ez P u en t e • J o sé Ro b ert o Orn el a s d e Lem o s • J o sel i t o Ag u st i n • J o sep h

Hernández Ochoa Joy Mortel • Juan “Jun” Pala • Juan Camilo Restrepo Guerra • Juan Carlos Argeñal Medina • Juan Carlos Benavides Arévalo • Juan

M I R O S L AVA B R E A C H V E L D U C E A

M I R O S L AVA BREACH VELDUCEA August 07, 1962 – March 23, 2017

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Investiga la FGE de Chihuahua cementerios clandestinos en El Largo Maderal La Fiscalía General del Estado (FGE) investiga la existencia de fosas clandestinas en la comunidad El Largo Maderal, municipio de Madera, informó el vocero de la dependencia, Carlos Huerta.

Refirió que hace poco más de un mes familiares de una persona desaparecida presentaron una denuncia ante la FGE, en la cual aseguraron que existen al menos tres sitios de la demarcación donde se habrían inhumado cadáveres de hombres que fueron ultimados en los últimos ocho años por Ignacio García, El Nachito, asesinado el año pasado en las inmediaciones de El Largo Maderal, e identificado como el cabecilla del crimen organizado que dominaba la zona.

Miroslava Breach Velducea was a correspondent for the Mexican newspaper La Jornada. Before her death, Breach reported on alleged links between organized crime and mayoral candidates in western Chihuahua. She had received threats on at least three occasions for similar reports in the past, and was ultimately shot eight times while leaving home in her car, accompanied by one of her children.

Carlos Encinas • Juan Carlos Huerta • Juan Carlos Vásquez • Juan Daniel Martínez Gil • Juan Emilio Andújar Matos • Juan Francisco Rodríguez Ríos

A raíz de esa denuncia la fiscalía para la zona occidente de Chihuahua inició una carpeta de investigación solicitó órdenes de cateo para realizar excavaciones en tres propiedades.

Además de la denuncia ante las autoridades ministeriales, familiares de víctimas de desapariciones en el municipio de Madera han ofrecido datos a medios de comunicación locales, con una lista de nombres de hombres y mujeres que presuntamente fueron secuestrados y asesinados en diferentes poblados,

• J u a n J a vi er Ort eg a Reyes • Juan José Yantuche • Juan Mendoza Delgado • Julio A nguita P arrado • Julio A ugusto García R omero • Julio C astillo Narváez

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incluida la cabecera municipal de Madera, El Largo Maderal y Nicolás Bravo.

Asimismo han mencionado la ubicación de supuestas fosas clandestinas en las que estarían sepultadas decenas de personas en varios ranchos aledaños a El Largo Maderal.

En los últimos años han sido constantes en el municipio de Madera las incursiones de grupos armados que perpetran asesinatos múltiples y siembran el terror entre los habitantes de la región serrana.

En 2011, integrantes de la célula criminal encabezada por El Nachito dejaron seis cadáveres mutilados en la glorieta principal de la cabecera municipal. En 2014 aparecieron siete cadáveres apilados en la caja de una camioneta pick up estacionada fuera de una funeraria.

En el mismo municipio, un comando irrumpió el pasado 24 de noviembre en la comunidad La Simona, en los límites con Sonora, y secuestró a seis policías municipales, a quienes robó armas y una patrulla. Cinco días después se localizaron los cadáveres de dos agentes en el municipio de Bocoyna, a tres horas de la cabecera municipal de Madera.

Originally published in La Jornada on March 14, 2017.

Julio César Da Rosa • Julio Fuentes • Julio Hernando Palacios Sánchez • Julius Cauzo • Jyotirmoy Dey • Kamal Hossain • Kamal Manahi Anbar • Kamel abu

al-Walid • Kamiran Salaheddin • Karam Hussein • Karam Kabishou • Karen Fischer • Karim Fakhrawi • Karmela Sojanovic • Karun Misra • Kaset Puengpak

SAMIR KASSIR

SAMIR KASSIR

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Gaffe Après Gaffe

May 05, 1960 – June 02, 2005

Avec l’approche de la tenue du congrès du parti Baas, les journalistes étrangers affluent à Damas. Ils ne manqueront certainement pas de constater les changements positifs qu’a connus la Syrie depuis l’arrivée de Bachar El-Assad au pouvoir. Mais il ne faudrait par oublier que cela fait cinq ans que ce dernier a succédé à son père, Hafez El-Assad. En 2005, les autorités syriennes, sous la direction de Bachar El-Assad, n’ont toujours pas entamé un dialogue avec l’opposition syrienne, ni essayé de se rapprocher du peuple syrien. Durant ces cinq années, le nombre des prisonniers politiques a certainement baissé par rapport à la décennie précédente, mais pour recommencer à augmenter depuis quelques mois.

Samir Kassir was a Lebanese-French columnist and professor who became widely known for a weekly column in which he wrote strong articles against Lebanon’s pro-Syrian government. Kassir was an outspoken critic of Syria’s human rights violations and had become a voice for supporters of modernity and democracy in the Arab world before he was killed by a car bomb in Beirut.

Kate Peyton • Kaveh Golestan • Kawa Garmyane • Kazbek Gekkiyev • Ken Oosterbroek • Kenji Goto • Kenji Nagai • Kerem Lawton • Khadija Dahmani • Khadim

Le pouvoir syrien a commencé par jeter en prison des députés opposants et de nombreux autres militants et activistes. Cela ne lui a pas suffi. Il y a quelques jours, il s’en est pris au forum Al-Atassi, le dernier forum politique d’opposition de Syrie. Tous les autres lieux de rassemblement avaient été progressivement interdits, après avoir connu une relative tolérance avec l’arrivée, en 2000, de Bachar El-Assad au pouvoir. Finalement, la présidente de ce forum et tous les membres de sa direction ont été arrêtés. Ces arrestations sont survenues après une réunion

H u ssa i n S h ei k h • Kh aled A bdel T hamer • K haled al-A ttar • K haled al-K hateb • K haled al-Washli • K haled al-Z intani • K haled E issa • K haled F ayyad Obaid

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durant laquelle il a été question de l’avenir politique de la Syrie.

Les participants ont ainsi pris connaissance d’une contribution du dirigeant, exilé à Londres, des Frères musulmans et dans laquelle il confirme l’appel de son mouvement au dialogue et à la réconciliation.

A croire que le pouvoir syrien n’a toujours pas tiré les leçons de son échec au Liban. Bien au contraire, le voilà qui répète les mêmes erreurs. On s’attendait à un changement radical dans sa politique intérieure lui évitant une confrontation avec son peuple. On a espéré que l’annonce de la date pour la tenue du congrès du parti Baas représenterait un signe précurseur de l’application des réformes, si longtemps promises. Peine perdue.

Les dernières arrestations montrent que pour les baasistes la liberté d’expression ne s’inscrit pas dans les réformes. Quant aux énormes bouleversement que connaît la région, de l’Irak au Liban, ils ne leur inspirent que des discours enflammés stigmatisant le danger américain. Aucune réflexion sur les moyens de contrer ce danger n’a été exprimée.

Le dernier carré de baasistes perpétue en Syrie les mêmes erreurs commises au Liban. De cette manière, il réussit non seulement à s’attirer l’hostilité de ses citoyens, mais également à provoquer le mécontentement des pays européens qui, habituellement, s’opposent à la politique américaine. Il est d’ailleurs intéressant de relever que les arrestations des membres du forum Al-Atassi ont été accompagnées de déclarations faisant état d’une rupture des contacts entre Damas et la CIA, car ces contacts se sont avérés inutiles.

al-Hamdani • Khaled Mahmoud al-Falahi • Khaled Reyadh Hamad • Khalid Ali Hamada • Khalid W. Hassan • Khamail Khalaf • Khamidjon Khakimov • Khem

SAMIR KASSIR

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Il est clair que le régime de Damas, qui serait prêt à faire des concessions aux Etats-Unis à condition que sa pérennité soit garantie, n’est prêt à faire aucune concession à ses citoyens. Il faudra bien se contenter des seules bonnes nouvelles diffusées, il y a deux semaines, par le quotidien Al-Thawra, organe du pouvoir baasiste. Un événement qui n’a pas suffisamment attiré l’attention des observateurs. C’est bien dommage ! Car, dans les pages de notre confrère, on pouvait lire que, désormais, les Syriens seront dispensés de l’obtention d’une autorisation préalable des services de sécurité pour s’adonner à certaines activités.

Soixante-sept cas sont concernés par cette mesure. La liste des cas publiée par Al-Thawra est éloquente. Elle constitue la meilleure preuve de la régression imposée aux Syriens dans leur vie quotidienne par une pléthore d’agents de renseignements.

Grace à cette liste on constate à quel point la vie du peuple syrien est quadrillée par les autorités. En effet, parmi les activités bénéficiant de cette dispense on peut citer l’organisation d’expositions artistiques et de salons professionnels, l’ouverture d’un salon de coiffure, d’une boulangerie, d’une épicerie, de salles de jeux vidéo ou d’une boutique de prêt-à-porter. Les Syriens pourront également importer des pièces détachées automobiles. Toujours dans le cadre de cette dispense, les étudiants syriens n’auront plus besoin d’autorisation pour s’inscrire dans les universités, les établissements de formation et les écoles d’infirmières.

Voilà le sens des réformes selon Damas. Le nouveau pouvoir qui dirige le pays depuis cinq ans à profit toutes ces années pour accorder à ces citoyens la liberté de vendre des viennoiseries et

S a m b o • K h u s h v a h t M u b o r a k s h o e v • K h u s h v a k h t H a y d a r s h o • K i m Wa l l • K i r i l l R a d c h e n k o • K i s h o r e D a v e • K i s h v a r o y S h a r i f o v a • K j a s i f S m a j l o v i c

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du prêt-à-porter ! Combien d’années lui faudra-t-il pour accorder au peuple syrien la liberté d’expression ?

This article was originally published in Arabic in An-Nahar newspaper on May 27, 2005. A French translation was published in Liban : ue printemps inachevé [2005].

Photo: Courtesy of the Samir Kassir Foundation

Kladoumbaye Maxime • Klein Cantoneros • Kloueu Gonzreu • Kotaro Ogawa • Krishna Sen • Kruno Marinovic • Kurt Schork • Kutlu Adali • Labib Ibrahim

• La d j i d J a d e La d j a • L ahcene B ensaadallah • L aith al-Dulaimi • Lala Hameed B aloch • L an C hengzhang • L anka Jayasundara • Larisa Yudina • Larry L ee

GUILLERMO CANO ISAZA

GUILLERMO CANO ISAZA

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Libreta De Apuntes

August 12, 1925 – December 17, 1986

Navidades negras Por tradición, por convicción y por sentimiento encuentro los días navideños como los mejores que les sean dado disfrutar al hombre. Cuando niño estuve rodeado de tanto afecto y tanto amor que recuerdo las navidades de la infancia como el estado perfecto de la felicidad. Cuando nacieron los hijos les transmití esa herencia inapreciable que yo había recibido de mis padres y éstos de mis abuelos. Y ahora, cuando disfruto del canto, la risa y la emoción de mis cinco nietas que creen en el Niño Dios y que no han perdido todavía el prodigio de la ingenuidad que les permite vivir estos días como entre sueños alegres y maravillosos, mi espíritu se inunda de satisfacciones personales indecibles.

Guillermo Cano Isaza was the editor of the Colombian daily El Espectador from the age of 27 until his assassination at age 61. Two hitmen linked to Colombia’s drug cartels murdered Cano at the entrance to his office in a suspected reprisal for a campaign launched in El Espectador denouncing the influence of drug traffickers in Colombia’s politics.

Larry Que • Lasantha Wickramatunga • Laurent Ángel Castillo Cifuentes • Laurent Bisset • Lawrence Fahmy al-Naimi • Layal Najib • Le Hoang Hung • Lea

Por eso, desde que tiene recuerdo mi memoria, jamás me he dejado llevar en navidades por tristezas de ausencias irremediables, ni por dificultades materiales, ni por afecciones de salud.

Las he disfrutado todas, creo que hasta con exagerado egoísmo, pues me he aislado del valle de lágrimas que es el mundo de antes, y que lo es más el de ahora, para que ni dolores ajenos ni miserias extrañas perturben el paraíso de los sueños navideños.

Dalmacio • Leiron Kogoya • Leo Mila • Leobardo Vázquez Atzin • Leonardo Diaz • Leónidas Martínez • Leslie Ann Pamela Montenegro del Real • Leyla

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GUILLERMO CANO ISAZA

Sin embargo, en vísperas de este 24 de diciembre de 1986, han ocurrido una serie de acontecimientos que han sacudido hondamente las fibras del alma. La muerte violenta de una compañera de trabajo, Amparo Hurtado de Pax, de su esposo y de su hijita; la horrenda matanza al norte de Bogotá; la violencia mancando de sangre casi todos los rincones de la patria; la insania terrorista que destruye la riqueza propia de los colombianos o derrumba edificios y vidas en la Barcelona de mis extrañas; el poder de la corrupción que ha contaminado a este país, en otros tiempos potencia moral ejemplar para otros pueblos de nuestro continente y de otros mundos, todo ello se ha acumulado en este diciembre negro para que mis ojos no vean las luces de los árboles adornados, ni los volcanes, ni las rodachinas, ni el incendio fluorescente de las begalas, ni para que mi corazón se alegre con la música de los villancicos, ni para que mi espíritu se sienta realizado al descubrir en las pupilas de las nietas el d slumbramiento ante el espectáculo del pesebre, amorosamente construido por los mayores.

Transcribo – aunque comprendo que voy a causar entre no pocos de mis lectores un efecto desagradable cuando todos nos encontramos predispuestos a llegar a la Nochebuena con piticos y cantares– el texto de la carta que me puso a llorar en plena Navidad:

Y como si fuera poco lo que he enumerado antes, me sucedió ayer que, debido a una también vieja costumbre, la de abrir personalmente toda mi correspondencia, una tarea dispendiosa y aun mortificante porque son demasiadas cartas las que leo cada día, encontré dentro de un sobre común y corriente una misiva que me puso la piel de gallina, porque es un cuento desgarrador basado en un hecho que parece tener los ingredientes para co siderarlo un drama de la vida real.

Los extraños insistieron; mi papá me dijo: ‘Abra, mija’. Prendí una esperma y salí. Se me acercó un tipo uniformado y sopló, apagándome la luz que llevaba en la mano.

La desaparición de un padres

Yildizhan (Deniz Firat) • Li Xiang • Liban Abdullahi Farah • Liban Abdullahi Farah • Liban Ali Nur • Lindo Lupogan • Liqaa Abdul Razzak • Lissy Schmidt •

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“Le ruego acepte mi gratitud ilimitada por la atención a la presente, donde narro la desaparición de mi padres; solamente su generosidad puede ayudarnos a aliviar esta pena.

Hacía poco nos habíamos acostado; serían las neuve de la noche. Golpearon tres veces en la puerta, yo tenía trece años.

Eso fue, lo recuerdo diariamente, nunca se me olvida, el viernes 6 de septiembre de 1978. Mi papá, Saúl Tovar, tendría unos 42 años. Vivíamos en la vereda Avipai de Fajardo, municipio de La Palma, Cundinamarca.

Mi mamá estaba dodne mi hermana, enferma, a dos horas de camino, en otra vereda.

Me alumbró con una linterna y me ordernó: ‘Dígale a su papá que salga, lo necesitamos a él’. Le di la comunicación a mi padre. ‘El que nada debe, nada teme’, dijo. Se levantó y salió. Mis hermanos, un poco mayores, salieron con él. ‘Usted debe acompañarnos; en La Palma tiene un denuncio’. ‘No tengo enemigos ni disputas con nadie’, dijo mi papá. ‘Eso lo aclara allá’, le respondieron, acercándosele varios hombres portando armas.

Loay al-Nimir • Lorena Saravia • Louay Sadiq Meshaal • Lucas Mebrouk Dolega • Luciano Fernandes • Luciano Leitão Pedrosa • Luis Alberto Rincón Solano

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Llovía mucho. La lux de los relámpagos denunciaba la presencia de otros armados, al frente y alrededor de la casa.

Mi papá les ofreció tinto, sugiriéndoles esperar a que escampara. Aceptaron de buena gana. También les preparamos limonada.

No permitieron que encendiéramos espermas; ellos nos alumbraban con las linternas. ‘Alístele ropa a su papá’, me dijo uno, y me acompañó al cuarto, simepre vigilante. Mis hermanos se opusieron a que mi papá se fuera solo cuando resolvieron llevárselo. Uno de ellos nos aseguró que nada malo que le iba a pasar; otro se quedó en la casa impidiéndonos salir del cuarto, aconsejándonos que alistáramos plata. Como a la media hora se fue penetrando entre las tinieblas.

Llogamos inconsolables porque mi papá no estaría con nosotros esa noche. Madrugamos en busca de mi mamá y nos fuimos para La Palma.

‘De aquí no ha salido ninguna patrulla a capturar a nadie’, nos dijeron. El terror nos sobrecogió. Durante dos años lo averiguamos por todas partes: juzgados, vecinos, hospitales.Nadie, pero nadie, dio noticias. Por último, las autoridades de La Palma le exigieron a mi mamá razón de mi papá, de lo contrario la metían a la cárcel.

Entonces nosotros nos desmoralizamos, abandonamos la finca.

Nos asombró la suerte de mi papá y mucho miedo nos dio por las amenazas contra mi mamá.

No éramos ricos: la finca era pequeña, cultivábamos con esme

Luis Antonio Peralta Cuéllar • Luis Arturo Mondragón • Luis Carlos Cervantes Solano • Luis Carlos Santiago • Luis Choy • Luis de Jesús Lima • Luis

GUILLERMO CANO ISAZA

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ro y no conocíamos la misera. Nos vinimos para Bogotá, todos menores de edad; debimos conseguir trabajo y yo logré que me recibieran donde llevo seis años.

Esta es mi historia. Me duele que esa sea la patria amarga de muchos colombianos, arrancados de su terruño, cuando la infancia no ha terminado. La paz que repirábamos entre las vacas y el aroma de la huerta no era cierta. Me dicen que hace cuarenta años empezó a lacerarnos la violencia, dejando caer un puñado de aflicciones, resentimientos y incredulidad, especialmente en la población campesina. Yo y mi familia llevamos ocho años en el alma una pregunta estrangulada por el tiempo, acentuada todos los días por la distancia de un acontecimiento horrible, atroz; sin huella alguna, que no podemos entender ni aceptar.

Para mí la Patria, la Justicia y la Paz son una nebulosa a la que no encuentro sabor agradable. ¿Por qué? ¿Quiénes nos robaron a mi papá? ¿Qué hicieron con él?

He hablado con mucha gente, personas que yo nunca imaginé tuvieran pruebas tanto o más crudas como la mía y me dicen que todo está perdido. He conservado mi experiencia en secr to pero, anhelante de ver la patria de mis hijos menos infotunada que la mía, busco esperanzada en Dios que alguien pueda darme alguna noticia de mi papá a la calle 57-F N* 83-33 Sur, Kennedy, Rubí, Primer Sector, o al teléfono 277-6463, garantizo absoluta reserva.– Nohelia Tovar, C.C. 51’761.341 de Bogotá.”

This column was originally published in El Espectador newspaper on December 21, 1986.

Photo: El Espectador

Eduardo Alfonso Parada • Luis Eduardo Gómez • Luis Emanuel Ruiz Carrillo • Luis Ernesto Mendoza Cerrato • Luís Gustavo da Silva • Luis Manuel Medina

PAV E L S H E R E M E T

PAV E L SHEREMET November 28, 1971 – July 20, 2016

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“Азов”, ответственность и добробаты

Неудачный турецкий военный переворот всколыхнул украинское сообщество политических аналитиков и на несколько дней актуализировал страхи и разговоры о военном перевороте в Украине. Одни пугают неизбежным и кровавым переворотом, другие успокаивают – некому бунтовать. Ничего предсказывать не собираюсь, просто обращаю ваше внимание на 2 показательные истории последних дней.

Pavel Sheremet was a journalist for the independent news website Ukrainska Pravda who received CPJ’s International Press Freedom Award in 1998. In the weeks before his murder, he wrote about the work of Russian propagandists and about corruption among Ukrainian government officials and Belarusian police. He was killed in Kiev when an explosive device under his car detonated.

Пишу все это рано утром в воскресенье, как раз в этот момент выпускают из СИЗО председателя наблюдательного совета “Одесского припортового завода”, первого замглавы правления НАК “Нафтогаз” Сергея Перелому. Вслед за ним от ответственности ускользает и вторая “крупная рыба” первый зампредседателя “Одесского припортового завода” Николай Щуриков. Ускользают не потому, что плохо сработали детективы Антикоррупционного бюро и антикоррупционные прокуроры. Просто депутаты-комбаты и еще какие-то люди

Luis Mario García Rodríguez • Luis Ronaldo De León Godoy • Luiz Antônio da Costa • Luiz Carlos Barbon Filho • Luke Somers • Luma al-Karkhi • Luz

M a r i n a P a z Vi l l a l o b o s • Ł u k a s z M a s i a k • M . L . M a n c h a n d a • M a b a y K a m a r a • M a d j i d Ya c e f • M a f a l d o B e z e r r a G o e s • M a g o m e d Ye v l o y e v • M a g o m e d z a g i d

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в камуфляже и в пятницу, и в субботу блокировали работу суда и создавали атмосферу безумия вокруг этих двух дел. Почему комбаты, откуда люди в камуфляже? Перелома и Щуриков задержаны по делу о растрате средств предприятия, даже не за проступки в зоне АТО. Но депутаты-комбаты и люди в камуфляже теперь если не выше закона, то по заказу способны парализовать действие любого закона. Причем, действуют, главным образом, одни и те же персонажи. Вызывая все большую ненависть населения к людям в камуфляже и стимулируя злобу к любым добровольцам у президента Порошенко и руководителей силовых структур. Вторая история. В пятницу спецназ СБУ провел операцию по задержанию банды, которая грабила банки в Запорожской области. Их заманили в лес на инкассаторскую машину и попытались там обезвредить. 2 нападавших погибли – гражданин Латвии (его снял первым выстрелом снайпер, он не успел даже выстрелить по инкассаторам) и гражданин России (тяжелораненый он умер в субботу в госпитале), 2 с ранениями были арестованы, еще двоим удалось скрыться. Один из них – боец полка “Азов”. Все эти люди прошли бои на Донбассе буквально с первых месяцев войны. Хорошо подготовлены, ходили в рейды по тылам врага по несколько суток. Во время перемирия или окопной войны они не нашли себе места, болтались по разным подразделениям и ушли в криминал.

Va r i s o v • M a h a I b r a h i m • M a h a d A h m e d E l m i • M a h a d A l i M o h a m e d • M a h a d S a l a d A d a n • M a h a r r a m D u r r a n i • M a h e s h w a r P a h a r i • M a h m o u d a l - K u m i •

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Ключевое в этой истории упоминание “Азова”. Убитый гражданин Латвии, как и россиянин, когда-то были с “Азовом” и хорошо воевали. Еще один из нападавших служил в полку до последнего дня. Горячие головы из высшего руководства призывали направить в Урзуф спецназ и штурмовать базы “Азову” в поисках вещдоков. В Киеве на аэродроме уже держали под парами два самолета. Бывший командир полка Андрей Билецкий срочно ночью вылетел в расположение части, чтобы там на месте не допустить провокаций и успокоить своих горячих голов. Знающие люди понимали, что штурмовать базу “Азова” – это безумие. Трезвые люди знают, что у полка были все юридические основания не пускать следователей тоже военной прокуратуры к себе несколько дней. Помните, как долго военные прокуроры не могли справиться с маленьким отрядом “Торнадо”. По сравнению с ними “Азов” – боевая дивизия. Министра внутренних дел Арсена Авакова в Киеве уже не было – он отбыл на отдых. Но нужно отдать должное руководителю СБУ Василию Грицаку и депутату Андрею Билецкому. Одному хватило ума и выдержки не доводить ситуацию до кровавого абсурда, второму хватило ума отделить побратима от преступника.

Mahmoud Hamid Abbas • Mahmoud Hassib al-Qassab • Mahmoud Natouf • Mahmoud Saremi • Mahmoud Za’al • Mahran al-Deeri • Majeed Mohammed

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СБУ часто использует на фронте “Азов” как штурмовые группы, может быть поэтому нашли общий язык и в этой скандальной ситуации.

И этот пример показывает, что когда вменяемых человека из разных силовых структур – СБУ и “Азова” – находят общий язык, то никаких страшных глупостей не произойдет.

Следователей спокойно пустили на базу, чтобы они провели свою работу. Руководство СБУ повело себя на удивление грамотно, даже лучше, чем командование Национальной гвардии – без истерик, нагнетания и спекуляций на теме добробатов.

За Андреем Билецким, конечно, надо продолжать следить наблюдать. Он очень сильно прогрессирует за последние два года и растет, но его радикальная и нацистская молодость все еще иногда дают о себе знать. Но мы же с вами может отличить ошибающегося ответственного патриота от жулика и конъюнктурщика.

Стоило Билецкому бросить клич, и в центре Киева собралась бы толпа молодых людей, готовых рвать врагов Украины, агентов ФСБ и олигархов. Все были шумели про зраду, про третий Майдан, про силовиков, которые крышуют криминал на Донбассе и зажимают настоящих патриотов. Но он поступил как ответственный человек и командир.

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И на таких добровольцев, как “Азов” Билецкого или “Миротворец Тетерука надо ориентироваться, а не на тех странных людей в камуфляже, которые в эти минуты блокируют работу антикоррупционных прокуроров под Соломенский районным судом Киева.

“Побратимов не бросаем, даже мертвых на поле боя. Но если боец переступил красную черту, отделяющую войну и защиту родины от криминального преступления, он ответит по всей строгости закона. Паршивые овцы есть везде. Конечно, если оступившийся человек – герой и проливал кровь за Украину, мы будем просить о снисхождении к нему. Но мы не дикари, мы не защищаем себя любой ценой, мы защищаем нашу Родину”, – заявил Билецкий. “Мы не дикари” – ключевые слова. Могу себе представить, как непросто Билецкому далось это решение, ведь оно идет против существующего тренда, когда человек в камуфляже, тем более из зоны АТО, всегда прав и ему море по колено.

Majid Dirani • Majid Sharif • Maksim Borodin • Maksim Maksimov • Malik Arif • Malik Mumtaz • Malika Sabour • Manik Saha • Manoel Leal de Oliveira

Originally published in Ukrayinska Pravda on March 17, 2016.

Photo: Dmytro Larin

• Ma n u el d e Di o s Un a nue • Manuel Juárez • Manuel Martínez E spinoza • Manuel Santiago Torres González • Marc B runereau • Marcel Lubala • Marcellin

IAN PA R RY April 12, 1965 – December 28, 1989

Ian Parry was a young photojournalist whose last assignment was for The Sunday Times covering the Romanian Revolution and the downfall of dictator Nicolae Ceausescu. The plane carrying him home from Romania was shot down shortly after takeoff, killing all on board. He was only 24 years old.

Ian’s documentation of the events in Romania—as well as the work of his colleagues—was destroyed in the crash. His last published photo serves as a reminder of the many stories that will never be told.

Courtesy of The Ian Parry Scholarship <www.ianparry.org>, originally published in The Sunday Times on December 31, 1989.

Bio Photo: Courtesy of the family of Ian Parry and The Ian Parry Scholarship <www.ianparry.

Kayiranga • Marcello Palmisano • Marco Antonio Ávila García • Marco Antonio Ayala Cárdenas • Marco Antonio Estrada • Marco Aurelio • Martínez Tijerina

r agr > M a r c o B o u k o u k o u B o u s s a g a • M a r c o L u c h e t t a • M a r c o s B o r g e s R i b e i r o • M a r c o s d e B a r r o s L e o p o l d o G u e r r a • M a r c o s H e r n á n d e z B a u t i s t a • M a r í ao C l i n.

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Cutuli • María José Bravo • Maria Len Flores Somera • María Veronica Tessari • Maricel Vigo • Marie Colvin • Marife “Neneng” Montaño • Mario Bonino • Mário Coelho de Almeida Filho • Mario Leonel Gómez Sánchez • Mario Prada Díaz • Mario Randolfo Marques Lopes • Mario Rolando López Sánchez • Mario Sy • M a r i o Ve nd i o l a B a y l o si s • M a ri so l R e v e l o B a ró n • M a ri t e s C a b l i t a s • M a rk G i l b e rt A rri o l a • M a rl e n e G a rc i a -E sp e ra t • M a rt i n A d l e r • M a rt i n E d u a rd o Munera • Martín La Rotta • Martin O’Hagan • Martin Roxas • Marwan Shahadat • Mashiur Rahman Utsho • Mauricio Cristovao • Mauricio Estrada Zamora • M a ur i t o Li m • M a ur o M a rc a n o • M a x i m C h a b a l i n • M a x i m i n o R o d rí g u e z • M a y a N a se r • M a y a d a A sh ra f • M a ze n a l -Tu m e i zi • M a ze n D a n a • M a ze n M a rd a n a l - B a g hd a d i • M a z ha r Ta y y a ra • M e c i t A k g u n • M e h b o o b K h a n • M e h e ru n R u n i • M e h m o o d C h a n d i o • M e h m o o d J a n A fri d i • M e h m o o d K h a n • M e k h l o u f B o uk z e r • M e l i nd a “ M e i ” M a g si n o • M e ra rd o A l e j a n d ro R o m e ro C h á v e z • M e t i n A l a t a ş • M e t i n G ö k t e p e • M i c h a e l K e l l y • M i c h a e l S e n i o r • M i c h a e l Tsh e l e • M i c he l l e La ng • M i c k D e a n e M i g u e l Á n g e l L ó p e z Ve l a sc o • M i g u e l A n g e l Vi l l a g ó m e z Va l l e • M i g u e l B e l e n • M i g u e l G i l M o re n o d e M o ra • M i g u e l P é re z J u l c a • M i k a Ya m a m o t o • M i k h a i l B e k e t o v • M i l a n P a n t i c • M i l o s Vu l o v i c • M i l t o n F a b i á n S á n c h e z • M i r Il l i a s H o ssa i n • M i ra n K ro v a t i n • M i ro sl a v a B re a c h Ve l d uc e a • M i r w a i s J a l i l • M i rza Iq b a l H u ssa i n • M i sa e l L ó p e z S o l a n a • M i sa e l Ta m a y o H e rn á n d e z • M i sri K h a n • M o h a m a d J a m a l • M o h a m e d A b a zi e d ( G e o r g e Sa m a r a ) • M o h a m e d A b d A l -R a h m a n • M o h a m e d A b d e rra h m a n i • M o h a m e d A b u H a l i m a • M o h a m e d A h m e d Ta y si r B e l l o u • M o h a m e d a l -H a m d a n i • M o ha m e d a l - K ha l • M o h a m e d a l -M e sa l m a • M o h a m e d A m i n • M o h a m e d D o rb a n e • M o h a m e d G u e ssa b • M o h a m e d H a ssa i n e • M o h a m e d Ib ra h i m G a b o w • M o ha m e d I b r a hi m R a a g e • M o h a m e d Isa q • M o h a m e d L a m i n e L e g o u i • M o h a m e d M e c e ffe u k • M o h a m e d M e k a t i • M o h a m e d M o h a m u d • M o h a m e d M o h a m u d Tur y a r e • M o ha m e d Q u ra t e m • M o h a m e d S a e e d a l -H a m w i • M o h a m e d S a l a h B e n a c h o u r • M o h a m e d S h a m sa n • M o h a m e d Ta a n i • M o h a m e d Ya m e n N a d d a f • M o ha m m a d A b b a s M o h a m m a d • M o h a m m a d a l -Q a d a si • M o h a m m a d H i l a l K a rj i • M o h a m m a d Im ra n • M o h a m m a d Ism a i l • M o h a m m a d M i l a d • M o h a m m a d N a s i r M ud a s i r • M o ha m m a d Q u a m ru zza m a n • M o h a m m a d S a e e d • M o h a m m a d S a l A n g a a r • M o h a m m a d S a m d a n i Wa rsi • M o h a m m a d S h a m m a • M o h a m m a d Yus o p Zub a i r K ha k s a r • M o h a m m e d A b d u l l a h i K h a l i f • M o h a m m e d a l -A sfa r • M o h a m m e d a l -A sh ra m • M o h a m m e d a l -N a b b o u s • M o h a m m e d a l -Q a si m • M o ha m m e d E i s s a • M o ha m m e d G h a l i b a l -M a j i d i • M o h a m m e d G h a n e m • M o h a m m e d H a ro o n • M o h a m m e d H u sse i n N a v a b • M o h a m m e d Ib ra h i m • M o h a m m e d K a m a r a • M o ha m m e d K a ri m a l -B a d ra n i • M o h a m m e d M u sl i m u d d i n • M o h a m m e d S a l a h u d d i n • M o h a m m e d S a y y e d H a ssa n • M o h a m m e d T h a b e t a l -O b e i d i • M o ha m ud M o ha m e d Yu su f • M o h a n H u sse i n a l -D h a h i r • M o h i e l d i n A l N a q e e b • M o h se n K h a za e i • M o h y e d i n A l e m p o u r • M o i sé s D a g d u g L u t zo w • M o l h e m B a r a k a t • M o na a l - B a k k o u r • M o o l c h a n d Ya d a v • M o sa a b a l -O b d a a l l a h • M o sa a b a l -S h a m i • M o u a z A l o m a r • M o u l o u d B a rro u d i • M o u n i r B o u a m ra n e • M o ur a d H m a i z i • M o u st a p h a O u rra d • M u a m m a r K h a d i r A b d e l w a h a d • M u b a ra k a l -A b a d i • M u ft a h a l -Q a t ra n i • M u ft a h B u Z e i d • M u h a m m a d a l -B a n • M u ha m m a d a l - B i s ha w i • M u h a m m a d a l -R a b o u ’e • M u h a m m a d A ri f • M u h a m m a d H a ssa n A l -M u sa l a m a • M u h a m m a d J a n • M u h a m m a d S a y u t i B o c h a ri • M u h a mm a d U m a r • M uha m m a d Yu su f • M u h a m m e d Ta ri q J a d u a • M u h a n n a d G h a n e m A h m a d a l -O b a i d i • M u h si n K h u d h a i r • M u k a rra m K h a n A a t i f • M u k h t a r M o ha m e d H i r a b e • M uk h t o r B u g d i e v • M u n e e r S h a k i r • M u n i r A h m e d S a n g i • M u n i r Tu ra y • M u n su f A b d a l l a h a l -K h a l d i • M u ro d u l l o S h e ra l i e v • M u sa A b d u l K a r e e m • M us a A nt e r • M u sa K h a n k h e l • M u sa M o h a m e d • M u sa b M a h m o o d a l -E za w i • M u sh t a q A l i • M u sh t a q K h a n d • M u st a f A b d i N o o r • M u st a fa A b a d a • M us t a f a A b d ul H a s s a • M u st a fa G a i m a y a n i • M u st a fa J e h a • M u st a fa S a i d • M u st a fa S a l a m a h • M u t h a n n a A b d e l H u sse i n • M V N S h a n k a r • M y k h a i l o K o l o m y e t s • M y l e s Ti e r ne y • M y l v a g a n a m N i m a l a ra j a n • N . A L a l ru h l u • N a b i l Ib ra h i m a l -D u l a i m i • N a c e r O u a ri • N a d e zh d a C h a i k o v a • N a d i a N a sra t • N a h a r A l i • N a húm Pa l a c i o s A rt e a g a • N a ï m a H a m m o u d a • N a i m a t u l l a h Z a h e e r • N a i m u l l a h • N a j e m A b e d K h u d a i r • N a j i A sa a d • N a j i J e rf • N a m i k Ta ra n c i • N a m i r N o o r - E l d e e n • N a ns o k S a l l a h • N a p o l e o n S a l a y sa y • N a q sh i n H a m m a R a sh i d • N a re n d ra D a b h o l k a r • N a sru l l a h K h a n A fri d i • N a sse re d i n e L e k h a l • N a st e h D a hi r F a r a h • N a t a l y a A l y a k i n a • N a t a l y a E st e m i ro v a • N a t a l y a S k ry l • N a t a n P e re i ra G a t i n h o • N a t h a n S . D a b a k • N a v a R a j S h a rm a • N a v e e n G u p t a • N a v i n N i s c ha l • N a w a z Z u l fi q a r M e m o n • N a w ra a l -N u a i m i • N a za r A b d u l w a h i d a l -R a d h i • N a zi h D a rw a ze h • N a zi m B a b a o g l u • N e l so n C a rv a j a l C a rv a j a l • N e l s o n C a t i p a y • N e l s o n N a d u ra • N e m i C h a n d J a i n • N e rl i t a L e d e sm a • N e ry F ra n c i sc o S o t o To rre s • N e ry G e re m í a s O re l l a n a • N e st o r L i b a t o n • N é st o r Vi l l a r J i m é ne z • N i c a n o r L i n h a re s B a t i st a • N i c o l a s G i u d i c i • N i c o l á s H u m b e rt o G a rc í a • N i e l J i m e n a • N i k o l a i A n d ru sh c h e n k o • N i l o B a c u l o • N i l o y N e e l • N i l s H o r ne r • N i na Ye f i m o v a • N i ra z S a e e d • N o e l D e c i n a • N o e l L ó p e z O l g u í n • N o e l Vi l l a ra n t e • N o o r A h m a d N o o ri • N o o r H a k i m K h a n • N o ra m fa i zu l M o h d • N o r b e r t Zo ng o • N o rb e rt o M i ra n d a M a d ri d • N o rm a n d o G a rc í a R e y e s • N o rv e y D í a z • N o u fe l a l -S h i m a ri • N o u r a l -D i n A l -H a fi ri • N o u re d d i n e H a sh i m • N o v r uz a l i M a m e d o v • N o w ro z A l i R a j a b i • N u n C h a n • N u r M u se H u sse i n • N u ru l Isl a m F a ru q i • O b a d a G h a za l • O b e d B a zi m a zi k i • O b e i d a a b u O m a r • O c t a v i o R o j a s H e r ná n d e z • O g u l sa p a r M u ra d o v a • O k e zi e A m a ru b e n • O l e g S l a b y n k o • O l e h B re u s • O l i m A b d u l o v • O l i m Z a ro b e k o v • O l i m j o n Yo ra so n o v • O l i m p i o J a l a p i t J r. • O l i v i e r Q u e m e n e r • O l i v i e r Vo i si n • O m a r A b d u l Q a d e r • O m a r E zzi M o h a m m a d • O m a r O u a rt i l a n • O m a r R a si m a l -Q a y si O m i d re za M i r s a y a f i • O r e l Sa m b ra n o • O rh a n H i j ra n • O ri sl â n d i o Ti m ó t e o A ra u j o • O rk h a n D zh e m a l • O rl a n d o S i e rra H e rn á n d e z • O rl a n d o Ta p i o s M e n d o za • O sa m a a l - H a b a l y • O s a m a J um a a • O sa m a N a sr a l -Z o a b i • O sa m a Q a d i r • O sc a r A l b e rt o P o l a n c o H e rre ra • O sc a r G a rc í a C a l d e ró n • O sc a r J a v i e r H o y o s N a rv á e z • O s c a r Sa l a z a r J a r a m i l l o • O t h m a n a l -M a sh h a d a n i • O u S a re o u n • P. S ri n i v a s R a o • P a b l o E m i l i o M e d i n a M o t t a • P a b l o E m i l i o P a rra C a st a ñ e d a • P a b l o T h e n a m e s o f j o u r n a l i st s s l a i n s i n c e 1 9 9 2 — l i ste d a l o n g t h e b o tt o m o f t h e b o o k — c o n t i n u e o n t h e n ex t s e ve ra l p a g e s :

M e d i na Ve l á z q ue z • Pa b l o P i n e d a • P a l w a sh a To k h i • P a m p h i l e S i m b i zi • P a ra g K u m a r D a s • P a ra n i ru p a si n g h a m D e v a k u m a r • P a ri t o sh P a n d e y • P a rm a n a n d G o y a l • Pa r m e ni o M e d i n a P é re z • P a rv a z M o h a m m e d S u l t a n • P a t i e n t C h e b e y a • P a t ri c k K i k u k u Wi l u n g u l a • P a u l A b o y o m i O g u n d e j i • P a u l D o u g l a s • P a u l

Fernández • María Efigenia Vásquez Astudillo • María Elena Salinas • Maria Elizabeth Macías Castro • María Elvira Hernández Galeana • Maria Grazia

J e nk s • Pa ul K i g g und u • P a u l K l e b n i k o v • P a u l M a n sa ra y • P a u l M o ra n • P a ú l R i v a s B ra v o • P a u l o M a c h a v a • P a u l o R o b e rt o C a rd o so R o d ri g u e s • P a u l o s

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Ki dane • Pave l Makeev • Pavel Sheremet • P edr o Alf on s o Flor es S ilva • P edr o P alm a • P edr o Ta m a y o R o s a s • Pe d r o Ya ur i • Pe r - O v e C a r l s s o n • Pe r v e z K ha n

m e nt o • Va l e r y I v a no v • Va l e ry K ri v o sh e y e v • Va si l y G ro d n i k o v • Va st h i a n A n t h o n y M a ri y a d a s • Ve e ra b o i n a Ya d a g i ri • V é n a n t N t a w u c i k a y e n d a • Ve rg e l B i c o

• Pe ter Julius Moi • Petro Shevchenko • P h am on P h on ph an it • P h ilip Agu s tin • P h ilip Tr u e • Phi l i p p e H o no r é • Pi e r r e A nc e a ux • Pi e r r e B i l l a ud • Pi e r r e

• Ve r o ni c a G ue r i n • Ve ro n i k a C h e rk a so v a • Ve ro n i q u e R o b e rt • Vi a t c h e sl a v R u d n e v • V í c t o r H e rn á n d e z M a rt í n e z • Vi c t o r H u g o L ó p e z E sc o b a r • V í c t o r M a n-

Fould Gerge s • Pierre Kabeya • Pirim kul S attor i • P on cian o Gr an de • P on gkiat S aetan g • P o w J a m e s R a e t h • Pr a d e e p B ha t i a • Pr a hl a d G o a l a • Pr a k a s h

ue l B á e z C hi no • Vi c t o r N u ñ e z • Vi c t o r R a n d ri a n i ri n a • V í c t o r Yo b a n i F ú n e z S o l í s • Vi j a y P ra t a p S i n g h • Vi k a s R a n j a n • Vi k t o r F re l i x • Vi k t o r M i k h a i l o v •

S ingh Thakur i • Puniyamoorthy Sathiyam oor th y • Qais al- Jaz ar • Q as s im Abdu l H u s s ein al- I qa b i • R a a d M ut a s ha r • R a a d Ya s s i n A l - B a d d i • R a b a h Ze na t i •

Vi k t o r N i k ul i n • Vi k t or P i m e n o v • Vi k t o ri a M a ri n o v a • Vi n c e n t F ra n c i s • Vi n c e n t R o d ri g u e z • Vi n c e n t R w a b u k w i si • Vi n c e n t S h a b a k a k a • Vi rg i l i o F e rn á n d e z

Rachida Hammadi • Radoslava Dada Vujas in ovic • Raed Al- Az z awi • Raed Far es • Raed Q ay s • R a e d a Wa z z a n • R a f a e l E nr i q u Pr i ns Ve l á s q ue z • R a f a e l

• Vi t a s Li ng i s • V l a d i mi r D ro b y sh e v • V l a d i m i r Iv a n o v • V l a d i m i r Ya t si n a • V l a d i m i r Z h i t a re n k o • V l a d i sl a v L i st y e v • Vo l k e r H a n d l o i k • Vo l k e r K ra e m e r •

Munguía Ortiz • Rafed Mahmoud Said al- An bagy • Raff aele Cir iello • Raf iq Tagi • Raja As s ad H a m e e d • R a j d e v R a nj a n • R a j e s h M i s hr a • R a j e s h M i s hr a •

Vy a c he s l a v I f a no v • Vy a c h e sl a v Ve re m i y • Vy a c h e sl a v Ya ro sh e n k o • Wa d a l l a h S a rh a n • Wa d i h S a ’a d a l -H a m d a n i • Wa e l a l -A b si • Wa e l M i k h a e l • Wa i Ye n

Raje sh Verma • Rakesh Sharma • Ram Ch an der Ch ater patti • Ram S in gh Bilin g • Ram i al- Sa y e d • R a m i A s m i • R a m i R a y a n • R a m i z A hm a d i • R a m z a n

H e i nn • Wa l d e m a r M i l e w i c z • Wa l e e d K h a l e d • Wa l g n e y A ssi s C a rv a l h o • Wa l i K h a n B a b a r • Wa l i d J a m i l A m i ra • Wa se m A l e d e l Wa sh i q u r R a h m a n B a b u • Wa si

Khadzhie v • Ram zan Mezhidov • Randa G eor ge • Ran ko Elez • Ras h id H am id Wali • Ras h m i M o ha m e d • R a s i m A l i y e v • R a úl G i b b G ue r r e r o • R a z z a q G ul •

A hm a d Q ur e s hi • Wa s sa n A l -A zza w i • We n d i Wi n t e rs • Wi d a d H u sse i n • Wi l fre d Iv á n O j e d a • Wi l l i a m B i g g a rt • Wi l l i a m S o t o C h e n g • Wi l so n N d a y a m b a d j e •

Regina Mar tínez Pérez • Rehm atullah Ab id • Rein aldo Cou tin h o da S ilva • Relan gi S elvar aja h • R é m i O c hl i k • R e y B a nc a y r i n • R e y M e r i s c o • R e y na l d o

Wi ni f r i d a M uk a m a na • Wi ssa m A l i O u d a • Wi su t “ A e ” Ta n g w i t t a y a p o rn • Wi t h a y u t S a n g so p i t • Wi t n e ss-P a t c h e l l y K a m b a l e M u so n i a • Wu X i a n g h u • X u X i n -

Momay • Rey na ldo Paz Mayes • Riad al-Sa r ay • Ricar do “Din g” U y • Ricar do de Mello • Ricar d o G a ng e m e • R i c a r d o M o nl ui C a b r e r a R i c a r d o O r t e g a • R i c h -

g hu • Ya d a v Po ud e l • Ya h i a D j a m e l B e n za g h o u • Ya h y a A b d u l H a m i d • Ya h y a O rh a n • Ya m b e m M e g h a j i t S i n g h • Ya m e e n R a sh e e d • Ya q o u b S h a ra fa t • Ya r

ard Kho • Rich ard Nadjid • Richard Wild • Rico Ram ir ez • Ridwan S alam u n • Ris to D jogo • R i y a d M uha m m a d A l i • R o b H i a a s e n • R o b e ns o n La r a q ue •

M o ha m m a d To k hi • Ya ra A b b a s • Ya sa r A k t a y • Ya se r M u rt a j a • Ya si n a l -D u l a i m i • Ya sm i n a B ri k h • Ya sm i n a D ri c i • Ya se r F a i sa l a l -J u m a i l i • Ye n si R o b e rt o

Robert Chamwam i Shalubuto • Robert Ram os • Rober t S teven s • Rober to Javier Mor a Gar cía • R o b e r t o M a r c o s G a r c í a • R o b e r t o M a r t í ne z • R o b i ns o n J o s e p h

O r d o ñe z G a l d á m e z • Ye v g e n y G e ra si m e n k o • Yo l a n d a O rd a z d e l a C ru z • Yo u c e f S e b t i • Yo u se f e l -D o u s • Yo u sse f A d e l B a k ri (Yo u sse f A b u J a d ) • Yo u sse f a l -

• Roddy Sc ott • Roddy Scott • Rodolfo Juli o Tor r es • Rodolf o Maya Ar icape • Rodolf o Rin cón Ta r a c e na • R o d r i g o N e t o • R o g e l i o “ R o g e r ” M a r i a no • R o g e l i o

Ay z a r i • Yo us s e f Yo uni s • Yu l i y M a zu r • Yu ri S h c h e k o c h i k h i n • Yu ri S o l t i s • Yu sse f S a b ri • Yu su f A h m e d A b u k a r • Yu su f A h m e d D e e b • Yv a n S c o p a n • Yv e s

Butalib • Rohana Kumara • Rohat Aktaş • Rolan d Ur eta • Rolan do “Dodon g” Mor ales • Rolan d o Sa nt i z • R o l l y C a ñe t e • R o m e o B i nung c a l • R o m e o J i m m y

D e b a y • Z. A . Sha hi d • Z a b i h u l l a h Ta m a n n a • Z a c h a ry “ Z a c k T V ” S t o n e r • Z a h e r a l -S h u rq a t • Z a h e r M t a w e ’e • Z a h ra K a ze m i • Z a k a ri a Ib ra h i m • Z a k a ri y a

Cabillo • Rome o Lagaspi • Rom eo Olea • Ron n ie P er an te • Ror y P eck • Ros au r o L ao • Ros ell M o r a l e s • R o w e l l E nd r i na l • R o y B a g t i k a n G a l l e g o • R ub e l l o

I s a • Za k a r i y a R a s hi d H a ssa n a l -A sh i ri • Z a k a ri y e M o h a m e d M o h a m u d M o a l l i m • Z a k i a l -S a q l a d i • Z a k i a Z a k i a Z a m a n Ib ra h i m • Z a m a n M e h su d • Z a q u e u

Bataluna • Rubén Espinosa Becerril • Rubén P at Cau ich • Ru bylita G ar cia • Ru per t H am er • R up e r t o A r m e nt a G e r a r d o • S. G a ng a d ha r a R a j u • S. K r i s hna •

d e O l i v e i r a • Ze e s ha n B u t t • Z e l j k o R u zi c i c • Z e zi n h o C a zu za • Z h u Yi n g • Z i k ru l l o Va l i e v • Z i n e d d i n e A l i o u S a l a h • Z i v k o F i l i p o v i c • Z u b a i r A h m e d M u j a h i d

S .M. Alauddin • Saad Bakhtaoui • Sabah al- Baz i • S abawoon Kakar • S adr u l Alam N ipu l • S aed M a hd i Shl a s h • Sa f a a l - D i n A b d e l H a m i d • Sa f a I s m a ’ i l E na d

• Zub a i r H a t a m i • Zuk h u ru d d i n S u y a ri

• Safir Nader • Sagal Salad Osm an • Sahadevan N ilaks h an • S ah ar H u s s ein Ali al- H aydar i • S a ha r Sa a d E d d i ne a l - N ua i m i Sa i R e d d y • Sa ï d B r a hi m i • Sa i d Mekbe l • Said Tahlil Ahmed • Saïd Tazrout • S aïda D jebaili • S aidan S h af i • S aidjon ol Fakh r id d i no v • Sa i d m ur o d Ye r o v • Sa i f F a k hr y • Sa i f La i t h Yo us uf • S aif Talal • Saif ur Rehm an • Saiful Alam Mu ku l • S ajid Tan oli • S alah al- Din H as s an • S a l e e m Sha hz a d • Sa l e e m Ta l a s h Sa l e h Ay y a d H a f y a na • Sa l e h Ibr ahim • Sale m Khalil • Salih Saif Aldin • S alko H on do • S alvador Adam e P ar do • S alvador M e d i na Ve l á z q ue z • Sa l v a d o r Sá nc he z R o q ue • Sa m N i m f a - J a n • Saman Abdullah Izzedine • Sam eh al-Aryan • S am er Moh am m ed Abou d • S am i Abu Am in • S am i J a w d a t R a b a h • Sa m i d K ha n B a ha d a r z a i • Sa m i m F a r a m a r z • Samir al-She ikh Ali • Samir Qassir • Sam path L akm al • S am s on Boyi • S am u el Ndu ati • S a m ue l O l i v e r i o • Sa m ue l R o m ã • Sa nd e e p K o t ha r i • Sa nd e e p S har ma • Sander Thoenes • Santi Lam aneen il • S an tiago I lídio An dr ade • S an tos G atch alian • Sa o m a n C o nt e h • Sa q i b K ha n • Sa r d a s ht O s m a n • Sa r m a d Hamdi Shake r • Sarwa Abdul-Wahab • Sa s a Kolevs ki • S ator u S om eya • S attar Beh es h ti • S aúl A l c a r a z • Sa úl N o é M a r t í ne z O r t e g a • Sa y e d H a m i d N o o r i • S ay e d Mehdi Husaini • Sayeed Khuda Da d Ah am di • S ayf ettin Tepe • S ayom ch ai Vijitwittayap o ng • Se l v a r a j a h R a j e e w a r na m • Se m k o K a r i m M o hy i d e e n • S er ge Maheshe • Sergei Dubov • Sergei Gr eben yu k • S er gei I van ov • S er gei Kalin ovs ky • S er gei K r a s i l ni k o v • Se r g e y I v a no v • Se r g e y N o v i k o v • Se r hi y N i k o laye v • Se ttha Sririwat • Shafig Amrakhov • S h af iu llah Kh an • S h ah Alam S agar • S h ah Mar a i • Sha hi d So o m r o Sha hi r a l - M ua d d a m a ni • Sha m b hu Pa t e l • S hamil Gigaye v • Sham khan Kagirov • Sham s u r Rah m an • S h an D ah ar • S h an kar P an th i • S h ant a nu B ho w m i k • Sha o Yunhua n • Sha r i f A hr o r o v • Sha r o f ud din Kos imov • Shefki Popova • Shehab Moham m ad al- H iti • S h eh z ad Ah m ed • S h eikh Belalu ddin • She i k h N ur M o ha m e d A b k e y • Shi f a Zi k r i I b r a hi m • Shi ha b al-Tamimi • Shinsuke Hashida • Shirindz h on Am ir dz h on ov • S h ivan i Bh atn agar • S h oba • S h uj a a t B uk ha r i • Shuk r i A b u a l - B ur g hul • Shuk r i Za y na d i n • S hukur Hossain • Siddique Bacha Khan • S im ao Rober to • S im on Cu m ber s • S im on e Cam illi • Si nna t ha m b y Si v a m a ha r a j a h • Si r a j U d d i n • Sl a v k o C ur uv i j a • Smail Sbaghdi • Sm ail Yefsah • So’oud Mu z ah im al- S h ou m ar i • S oe Moe Tu n • S oh ail Kh an • So k r a t i s G i o l i a s • So l e i l B a l a ng a • So nny A l c a nt a r a • So r a n Mama Hama • Stan Storimans • Stanislas O cloo • S teph an e Ch ar bon n ier • S teph an e Villen eu v e • St e p he n O m a o i s • St e v e n So t l o ff • St e v e n So t l o ff • St e v e n Vi nc e nt • Subash Chandraboas • Subraman iyam S u gith ar ajah • S u ch ar t Ch ar n ch an avivat • S u d a d F a r i s • Sud i p D ut t a B ha um i k • Suf i M o ha m m a d K ha n • S uhaib Adnan • Suhaib al-H eeti • Suhail Mah m ou d al- Ali • S u leim an Abdu l- Rah im al- As h i • Sul t a n M o ha m m e d M una d i • Sun H o ng j i e • Sund a y G y a ng Bwe de • Suon Chan • Supian Ependiyev • S u r apon g Ritth i • S u r es h L in biyo • S u s h il P ath ak • S y e d F a r r o q ue A hm e d • Sy l v a i n G a g ne t a u La g o • T. Tha r m a l ingam • Tabarali Saidaliev • Taha Ham eed • Tah a S h awkat Al- H alou • Tah ar Djaou t • Tah ir Aw a n Ta hr i r K a d hi m J a w a d • Ta i m o o r K ha n • Ta i ng Tr y • Ta kieddin al-Hudh aifi • Tam er Abdel Raouf • Tam er al- Awam • Tar a S in gh H ayer • Tar as P r otsy uk • Ta r e q Ay y o ub • Ta r s e m Si ng h Pur e w a l • Ta r un K um a r Achar y a • Tas ar Omer • Tavakkal Faizull oev • Tayeb Bou ter f if • Telm an ( Abdu lla) Alis h ayev • Te o d o r o E s c a ni l l a • Te r e s a B a ut i s t a M e r i no Te r r y Ll o y d • Te sfay e Tadesse • Thaer Ahmad Jaber • Th aer al- Ajlan i • T h aer Al- Ali • T h aker al- S h ou wili • T ha k e r a l - Sho uw i l i • Tha r c i s s e R ub w i r i z a • Thé o t i m e K a m a nayo • Thounaojam Brajam ani Singh • Thun Bu n Ly • Tih om ir Tu n u kovic • Tim H eth er in gton • Ti m Lo p e s • Ti r g r a n N a g d a l i a n • Ti t o A l b e r t o Pa l m a • Ti t o Pi lc o Mor i • Tokhirjon Azimov • Tou Chhom Mon gkol • Tr en t Keegan • Tu ba Akyılm az ( N u jiya n E r ha n) • Tund e O l a d e p o • Tur a K o b i l o v • Tur a d M o ha m e d al-Zahour i • U H la H an • U Tha Win • Ueliton Bayer Br iz on • Ugu r Mu m cu • Ulf S tr öm ber g • U m a Si ng h • U m e s h R a j p ut • V. Se l v a r a j Va d i m A l f e r y e v • Vadim Rudenko • Vagif Kochetkov • Valder lei Can u to L ean dr o • Valen tín Valdés Es pin os a • Va l e nt i na N e v e r o v a • Va l é r i o Lui z d e O l i v e i r a • Va l é r i o N a s c i -

SPECIAL THANKS TO

SPECIAL THANKS TO Joel Simon Courtney Radsch Ilana Ozernoy Jesse Angelo C l a r i s s a Wa r d Elisabeth Witchel Ron Haviv Cat Colvin Diane Foley Rafida Bonya Ahmed News Corp HarperCollins Publishers Dow Jones We a r e a l s o g r a t e f u l t o t h e f a m i l i e s o f t h e featured journalists and the following groups: Asia Times Associated Press

The Baltimore Sun Center for Inquiry The Daniel Pearl Foundation El Espectador Getty Images The Ian Parry Scholarship I m p e r i a l Wa r M u s e u m J a m e s W. F o l e y L e g a c y F o u n d a t i o n La Jornada Magnum Photos National Public Radio T h e N e w Yo r k T i m e s Novaya Gazeta The Point Public Radio International Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Reuters Riodoce Rising Kashmir Samir Kassir Foundation The Sunday Times Tim Hetherington Trust Ukrayinska Pravda T h e Wa l l S t r e e t J o u r n a l T h e Wa s h i n g t o n P o s t The Wire

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CREDITS

CREDITS Anna Politkovskaya Last Work: [WE DECLARE YOU A TERRORIST The Anti-Terrorist Politics of Torture in the North Caucasus] © 2006 Novaya Gazeta, translation courtesy of The New York Times. Photo: Novaya Gazeta.

Anja Niedringhaus Last Work: Anja Niedringhaus/AP Photo. Photo: Courtesy of AP Photo/Peter Dejong.

Av i j i t R o y Last Work: Originally published in Free Inquiry, a publication of the Council for Secular Humanism, a program of the Center for Inquiry. Photo: Courtesy of Rafida Bonya Ahmed.

Chris Hondros Last Work: Chris Hondros/Getty Images. Photo: Courtesy of Getty Images Katie Orlinsky.

Daniel Pearl Last Work: Reprinted with permission of The Wall Street Journal, Copyright 2002 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. Photo: Courtesy of the Daniel Pearl Foundation.

David Gilkey Last Work: David Gilkey/NPR. Photo: Courtesy of NPR/Graham Smith.

Deyda Hydara Last Work: Originally published in The Point on December 18, 2008.

Photo: Courtesy of the family of Deyda Hydara.

Gauri Lankesh Last Work: The original version of this editorial was published in Gauri Lankesh Patrike in Kannada language. The English translation was produced and published by The Wire on September 9, 2017.

Photo: Mr. Sheethal Jain, courtesy of the family of Gauri Lankesh.

Gerald Fischman Last Work: Originally published in The Baltimore Sun on June 27, 2018.

Photo: The Baltimore Sun via AP. Guillermo Cano Isaza Last Work: This column was originally published in El Espectador newspaper on December 21, 1986.

Photo: El Espectador.

Ian Parry Last Work: Courtesy of The Ian Parry Scholarship <www.ianparry.org>, originally published in The Sunday Times on December 31, 1989.

Photo: Courtesy of the family of Ian Parry and The Ian Parry Scholarship <www.ianparry.org>.

Jamal Khashoggi Last Work: From The Washington Post, October 17th © 2018 The Washington Post. All rights reserved. Used by permission and protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States. The printing, copying, redistribution, or retransmission of this Content without express written permission is prohibited. Photo: Omar Shagaleh/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images.

James Foley Last Work: Originally published in GlobalPost, October 16, 2012. Reprinted with permission of Public Radio International. Photo: Courtesy of the James Foley Foundation.

J a v i e r Va l d e z C á r d e n a s Last Work: Originally published in Riodoce on May 15, 2017. Photo: Courtesy of CPJ/Barbara Nitke.

Kurt Schork Last Work: © Reuters Limited 2000 and The Reuters Archive.

Photo: © Reuters Limited 2000 and The Reuters Archive.

Lasantha Wickrematunge Last Work: Originally published in The Sunday Leader on January 11, 2009.

Photo: Courtesy of Lal Wickrematunge.

Marie Colvin Last Work: First published in The Sunday Times on February 19, 2012. Reprinted by permission of Times Newspapers Limited. Photo: Francesco Guidicini (Copyright Times Newspapers Ltd).

M i r o s l a v a B r e a c h Ve l d u c e a Last Work: Originally published in La Jornada on March 14, 2017.

Pavel Sheremet Last Work: Originally published in Ukrayinska Pravda on March 17, 2016. Photo: Dmytro Larin.

R a f i q Ta ğ i Last Work: <www.azadliq.org/a/24387134.html> Copyright © 2018. RFE/RL, Inc. Reprinted with the permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 1201 Connecticut Ave NW, Ste 400, Washington, D.C. 20036. Photo: Azadliq Radiosu (RFE/RL).

Samir Kassir Last Work: This article was originally published in Arabic in An-Nahar newspaper on May 27, 2005.

A French translation was published in Liban : un printemps inachevé [2005]. Photo: Courtesy of the Samir Kassir Foundation.

Shujaat Bukhari Last Work: This column was originally published in Rising Kashmir on June 9, 2018.

Photo: Courtesy of AP Photo/Bikas Das. Syed Saleem Shahzad Last Work: This article was originally published on May 27, 2011, by Asia Times at <www.atimes. com/atimes/South_Asia/ME27Df06.html>. Photo: BANARAS KHAN/AFP/Getty Images.

Tim Hetherington Last Work: Tim Hetherington/Magnum Photos. Photo: © Finbar O’Reilly.

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P u b l i s h e d i n p a r t n e r s h i p b e t w e e n t h e C o m m i t t e e t o P r o t e c t J o u r n a l i s t s a n d F F C r e a t i v e C o m m u n i t y.

Nemi Chand Jain Emmanuel-Damien Rukondo Hashim Ayal Hussein al-Khakani Marco Boukoukou Boussaga Turad Mohamed al-Zahouri Gleydson Carvalho Martin RoxasAbdulrazak Maria Elizabeth Macías Muthanna Abdel Clodomiro Castilla Ospino Gimbler Gina Perdomo Dela Zamora Cruz Mohamed Mohamud Valério Luiz deCastro Oliveira Mario Rolando López Sánchez Abdelqadir Fassouk Loay al-Nimir Kirill Radchenko Zabihullah Tamanna Mukhtar Mohamed Hirabe Maher Wai Yen Heinn Philip True Sabawoon Kakar Mohamed Najmedin Mario Randolfo Marques Lopes Settha Sririwat Duraid Isa Mohammed Munir Turay Ponciano Grande Kim Wall Lissy Schmidt Richard Wild Jorge Mynor Alegría Armendáriz Victor Hugo López Escobar Alexandra Tuttle Yolanda Ordaz de la Cruz Djamel Bouhidel Gerardo Ortega Edwin Rivera Paz Luciano Fernandes Rajdev Ranjan Munir Ahmed Sangi Fesshaye "Joshua" Yohannes Sergey Novikov KhemFilho Sambo Mekati Ivan Fedyunin Khaled AbdelPaul Thamer IvoCoelho Pukanic S.M. Alauddin José Roberto Ornelas deMohamed Lemos Manuel Santiago Torres González Selvarajah Rajeewarnam Klebnikov Gilles Jacquier Mário de Almeida Mohammad Shamma Munsuf Abdallah al-Khaldi Osama Nasr al-Zoabi Khamail Khalaf Ahmed Riyadh al-Karbouli Othman al-Mashhadani Vénant Ntawucikayenda Fernando Marcelino Dmitry Zavadsky Tokhirjon Azimov S. Gangadhara Raju Luis Eduardo Alfonso Parada Gilles Jacquier Gregorio Rodríguez Hernández Osama Qadir Ali Hassan al-Jaber Khalid W. Hassan Edgar Quintero Mateo Cortés Martínez Murodullo Sheraliev Khushvaht Muborakshoev Diponkar Chakrabarty Mohammed Muslimuddin Juan Carlos Argeñal Medina Gerardo Bedoya Borrero Luís Gustavo da Silva Mohammed Thabet al-Obeidi Nelson Carvajal Carvajal Ayham Mostafa Ghazzoul Maurito Lim Ilya Zimin Juan Emilio Andújar Matos Pablo Emilio Parra Godwin Agbroko Israel Hernández Marroquín José Luis Romero Musa Mohamed Raffaele Ciriello Bienvenido Legarte Jr. Mohammed Ghalib al-Majidi Mahmoud al-Kumi Mohamed Isaq Luis Ronaldo De Castañeda León Godoy Marife “Neneng” Montaño Jean Paul Ibarra Ramírez Imad Abdul-Razzaq al-Obaid Víctor Hernández Martínez Vagif Kochetkov Bonifacio Loreto José Everardo Aguilar Niloy Neel Musab Mahmood al-Ezawi Falah Taha José Arturo Guapacha Bienvenido Lemos Muftah al-Qatrani Luiz Antônio da Costa Davlatali Rakhmonaliev Jamshed Davliyatmamatov Jean Hélène Ghani José Guadalupe Chan Dzib Amparo Leonor Jiménez Pallares Mushtaq Khand Luiz Carlos Barbon Filho Saidmurod Yerov Hem Chandra Pandey S. Krishna Abdul Rahman Hamid al-Din Gregorio Jiménez de la Cruz Marco Aurelio Martínez Tijerina Saman Abdullah Izzedine Harunur Rashid Musa Abdul Kareem Parmenio Medina Pérez Carlos Oveniel Lara Domínguez Taras Protsyuk Jenks Luis Mario Paul García Rodríguez Mohammad Zubair Khaksar Oscar Salazar Jaramillo Bernard Verlhac Maya Naser Francisco Javier Ortiz Franco Irshad Mastoi Marcos Hernández Bautista Sabah Salman Hafiz Akdemir Haidar Alsamoudi Sandeep Kothari Luz Marina Paz Villalobos Volker Handloik Habiba Ahmed Abd Elaziz Mustafa Abada Pierre Fould Gerges Daniel Pearl Lasantha Wickramatunga Carlos José Restrepo Rocha Alexander Chulanov Ángel Eduardo Gahona Alfredo Jorge Mérida Pérez Antonio Hurtado Núñez Olimpio Jalapit Jr. Ayham Mostafa Ghazzoul Pablo Emilio Medina Motta Obeida abu Omar George Vigo Ilyas Nizzar Julius Cauzo Allaoua Ait M'barak Mohammed Kamara Majeed Mohammed Ghulam Rasool Birhamani Marcellin Kayiranga Hozan Abdel Halim Mahmoud Abdel Sattar Abdel Karim José Luis Ortega Mata Aleksei Sidorov Abay Hailu Mafaldo Bezerra Goes Jorge Lourenço dos Santos Ali Abu Afash Mohamed Abu Halima Mykhailo Kolomyets Decio Sa Zakariye Mohamed Mohamud Moallim P. Srinivas Rao Veronika Cherkasova Ilaria Alpi Mario Sy Mahran al-Deeri Ángel Alfredo Villatoro Bilal Ahmed Bilal Romeo Olea Pow James Raeth Nery Geremías Orellana Jesús Rafael FloresGalizia Rojas Duniya Muhyadin Nur Gustavo Rojas GabaloRami Abd al-Karim al-Ezzo Marwan Shahadat Miroslava Breach Velducea Dirar al-Jahad Subramaniyam Asmi Daphne Caruana Dyar Abas Ahmed LanSugitharajah Chengzhang Smail Sbaghdi Nicanor Linhares Batista Candelario Cayona Pongkiat Saetang Guillermo Luna Varela Vladislav Listyev Isaivizhi Chempiyan Noel Decina Abdel Majid al-Mehmedawi Valentín Valdés Espinosa Abdallah Bouhachek Golam Mustofa Sarowar Nun Chan Nicolás Humberto García Huseyin Deniz Jaime Guadalupe González Domínguez Indra Mohan Hakasam Alessandro Otta Miroslava Breech Germain Kennedy Mumbere Muliwavyo David Niño de Guzmán Godofredo Linao Bruno Koko Chirambiza Noel Villarante Mario Prada Díaz José Duviel Vásquez Arias Hugo Alfredo Olivera Cartas Ikechukwu Udendu Abdel Aziz Mahmoud Hasoun Gharib Mohamed Salih Valderlei Canuto Leandro Ilan Roeh Nery Francisco Soto Torres Niel Jimena Djamel Derraz Melinda "Mei" Magsino José Carlos Araújo Yar Mohammad Tokhi Tamer al-Awam Liu Xiaobo Dusko Jovanovic al-Deen Martin Adler Sharaf Bilal Thounaojam Brajamani Singh Flor Alba Núñez Vargas Tahrir Kadhim Jawad Irfan Hussain Héctor Sandoval José Emilio Galindo Robles Nikolai Andrushchenko Riyad Muhammad Ali Abdul Shariff Zukhuruddin Suyari Ramzan Mezhidov Nasseredine Lekhal Bayo Ohu Helge Hummelvoll Romeo Lagaspi Kamaran Abdurazaq Muhamed Maria Grazia Cutuli Rolandal-Ayzari Ureta Abdel Karim al-Oqda Djilali Arabidou Youssef Yusuf Ahmed Abukar Rupert Hamer Abdulmalik Akhmedilov PaulRichard Moran Juan Javier Ortega Reyes Kho Daudi Mwangosi Ítalo Eduardo Diniz Barros Rohat Aktaş Dmitry Chebotayev Zaher al-Shurqat Abdulkadir Mahad Moallim Kaskey Nilo Baculo Rubello Bataluna Abdel Karim al-Rubai Heriberto Cárdenas Escudero Néstor Villar Jiménez Nazar Abdulwahid al-Radhi María Elena Salinas Li Xiang Yambem Meghajit Singh Noor Ahmad Noori Dmitry Kholodov Withayut Sangsopit Djalma Santos Pierre da Conceição Jeanne d'Arc Mukamusoni Tayeb Bouterfif Mounir Bouamrane Kawa Garmyane Muneer Shakir Shinsuke Hashida Kabeya Dmitry Krikoryants Mario Leonel Gómez Sánchez Rogelio "Roger" Mariano Leslie Annal-Kareem Pamela Montenegro del Real Muhsin Khudhair Mohamed Hadi al-Bayati Leo Mila William Sami Soto ChengAbd Slavko Curuvija Napoleon Salaysay Vasthian Anthony Mariyadas Samim Faramarz Jawdat Rabah Teresa Bautista Merino Isabel Chumpitaz Panta Ivo Standeker Muhannad Ghanem Ahmad al-Obaidi Pierre Anceaux Ruperto Armenta Gerardo Wadallah Sarhan Vladimir Yatsina Hassan al-Anbaki Yaqoub Sharafat Muhammad Arif Narendra Dabholkar José Rodríguez Carreón Samuel Nduati Alberto Sánchez Tovar Raed Fares Bernard Maris Nestor Libaton Philippe Honoré Rubén PatArmando Cauich Alberto Antoniotti Monge Hamoud al-Jnaid John Caniban Yensi Roberto Ordoñez Galdámez Mohamed Ahmed Taysir Bellou Avijit Roy María Veronica Tessari Muhammad Sayuti Bochari Ahmed Mohamed al-Mousa Maricel Vigo Gadzhimurad Kamalov Jorge Ochoa Martínez Habibollah Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Saeed Omar Ezzi Mohammad Mario Bonino Liban Ali Nur Winifrida Mukamana Paul Mansaray Steven Sotlof Johanne Sutton Rodolfo Ochoa Moreno Shujaat Bukhari Mikhail Beketov Pierre Billaud Veronica Guerin Gyanendra Khadka María Elvira Hernández Galeana Fausto Alcaraz GaraySarsam Pervez Khan Muhammad Hassan Al-Musalama Leyla Yildizhan Abdirahman Rodolfo Maya Aricape Naqshin HammaGabriel Rashid Hussam Rajesh Verma Jose Manuel Ali Mohamed Saleemi Mohammad Sarwar Mohammed Karim al-Badrani Paulos Kidane Zineddine Aliou Salah Vladimir Zhitarenko Joey Llana Muhammad Ahmad Sarham Flor Alba Núñez Vargas Domingos Sávio Brandão Lima Júnior Sattar Beheshti Mohammed Haroon Mir Illias Hossain Vincent Rodriguez Sami Abu Amin Andres Teodoro Pirimkul Sattori Marcos deNimfa-Jan Barros Leopoldo Guerra Petro Shevchenko Dona St. Plite Maha Ibrahim Héctor Ramírez Ibrahim Omar Gerardo Ceferino Servían Rosauro Lao Veronique Robert Joel Parcon Ghislaine Dupont Jean-Rémy Badio Yevgeny Gerasimenko Sam Ivanildo Viana Muammar Khadir Abdelwahad Magomed Yevloyev Nasrullah Khan Afridi Tarsem Singh Purewal Misael Tamayo Hernández Wissam Ali Ouda Santos Gatchalian Ghazwan Anas Amado Ramírez Dillanes Edward Smith Héctor Francisco Medina Polanco Kate Peyton Mauricio Cristovao Abderrahmane Chergou Mohammed al-Ashram Halla Barakat Issam Obeid Madjid Yacef Muhammad Jan Carlos José Guadamuz Faisal Qureshi María Efigenia Vásquez Astudillo Saad Bakhtaoui Burhan Mazhour Ali Mohamed Boukerbache Hidaya Sultan al-Salem Halit Gungen Hatem AbuMonir Yehia Pedro Palma Abdiaziz Ali João Valdecir de Namujimbo Borba al-Shuhaibi al-Gahzal DaifBreus Issa Ngumba Didace Ghulam Rasool Sheikh Mohammad Akhtar Aklan deIssa la Torre Echeandía Hamid Shihab Oleh Muhammad al-Bishawi Ikechukwu Onubogu Aziz Navin Isaac Vuni Miguel Angel Villagómez Valle Ibrahim AliAntonio João Miranda do Carmo Carlos Alberto Guajardo Romero Khalil Ali Abboud Ali Santi Lamaneenil Henry Suazo Roberto Marcos García Abdullahi Osman Moalim Muazaz Ahmed Barood Hamid Mahiout Abdullah al-Montasser Rubylita Garcia Mahmoud Hassib al-Qassab Hang Serei OdomCarlos Suhail Mahmoud al-Ali Joao Alberto Ferreira Souto Francisco Gomes de Hernando Medeiros Rangel Moreno Danilo Vergara Hrant Dink Marco Antonio Ayala Cárdenas Mavroleon Nathan S.Pfuhl Dabak Tharcisse Rubwiriza Satoru Someya Tabarali Saidaliev Nasteh Dahir Farah Georg Evany Friderich José Metzker Jaafar Ali Abdihared Osman Aden Joas Dignos Rafiq Tagi Sabah al-Bazi Paranirupasingham Devakumar T. Tharmalingam Anil Mazumdar Ismail Amin Ali Sinnathamby Sivamaharajah Muhammad al-Ban Mustaf Abdi Noor Pablo Medina Velázquez Robert Stevens Marcello Palmisano Farhan Jeemis Abdulle Muftah Bu Zeid Abdul Rahman Ismael Yassin Abdullahi Omar Gedi Palwasha Tokhi Gelson Domingos da Waqas Aziz Khan Gloria MartinSilva Ismael JaimesMohammad Abdul Haq Baloch Luis Antonio Peralta Cuéllar Yahia Djamel Benzaghou Quamruzzaman Rakesh Sharma Marie Colvin Romeo Jimmy Cabillo Ali Aish Mohammad Youssef Guillermo Bravo Vega Mushtaq Ali Saoman Conteh Sander Thoenes Leobardo Vázquez Atzin Jamal Khashoggi Abdirisak Said Osman Sagal Salad Osman Wilson Ndayambadje Sylvain Gagnetau Lago Juan Daniel Martínez Gil Isma'il Muhammad Khalal Naji Jerf Adam Juma Sonny Alcantara Navin Nischal Luis Arturo Mondragón Stephane Charbonnier Luciano Leitão Pedrosa Jorge Martín Dorantes Lawrence Fahmy al-Naimi Federico Salazar Anton Voloshin Chief Ebrima Manneh Martin O'Hagan Valério Nascimento Héctor González Antonio Raed Qays Mustafa Abdul Hassa Rafiq Tağı Semko Karim Mohyideen Hamid Abed Sarhan Naimatullah Zaheer Anastasiya Baburova Andrei Stenin David Meza Montesinos Ahmed Sharif Hussein Luis Carlos Cervantes Solano Abu Yezen al-Hamoui Saiful Alam Mukul Jan Kuciak Hawker Faisal Mohammed Michael Senior Mubarak al-Abadi Namir Noor-Eldeen Samir al-Sheikh Ali Dalia Marko Luis Alberto Rincón Solano Mustafa Gaimayani Miguel Gil Moreno de Ward Mora Adam Mukhtor Bugdiev Abdisalan Sheikh Hassan Mashiur Rahman Utsho Gustavo Rafael Ruiz Cantillo RobTitov Hiaasen James Foley Mirwais IgorJalil Aleksandrov Suleiman Abdul-Rahim al-Ashi Dan Eldon Antonio Casemero Nava Raj Sharma Najem Abed Khudair El-Hadj Mohamed Diallo Felix Moustapha Ourrad Humayun Kabir Andres Teodoro Luis Emanuel RuizCarvalho Carrillo Gerardo Israel García Pimentel Risto Djogo Fares Hamadi Mazen Mardan al-Baghdadi Orel Sambrano Imad Abu Zahra Luis Ernesto Mendoza Cerrato Jamim Shah Walgney Assis Abdullah Qabil Khalid AliGiolias Hamada Antoine Massé Hussein Saleh Rolando Santiz Mourad Hmaizi Vincent Francis Salvador Sánchez Roque Sokratis Natalya Skryl Marisol Revelo Barón Farah Ziane Ali Mustafa Daphne Caruana Galizia Ejazul Haq Rodolfo Julio Torres Ridwan Salamun Manuel Martínez Espinoza Abdulkadir Ahmed Igor Domnikov Lasantha Wickramatunga Ibrahim Goskel Tarsem Singh Purewal Valery Krivosheyev Martin O’hagan Mohammed Ghanem Samya Abdel Jabar Oscar García Calderón Rico Ramirez Stephane Charbonnier Viatcheslav Rudnev Devi Prasad Dhital Nawras al-Nuaimi Farah Hassan Sahal Allan Enwiyah M. Vinod Kumar Ali Nur Siad Efraín Segarra Abril Ali Sharmarke James Foley Naïma Hammouda Naveen Gupta Igor Hrushetsky Rafael Enrique Prins Velásquez Yusuf Ahmed Abuka Luis Choy Mecit Akgun Pavel Sheremet Mohamed Hassaine Ricardo Monlui Cabrera Farag Fouda Ibrahim Abd al-Qader Evaristo Pacheco Solís Ahmed Adam Ibrahim al-Munjar Tamer Abdel Raouf Miran Krovatin Roberto Martínez Humam Najjar Mosaab al-Obdaallah Rowell Endrinal Sahar Hussein Ali al-Haydari Orlando Tapios Mendoza Aloys Nyimbuzi Danilo López Shujaat Bukhari Adnan Khairallah Ortega Gerry Abdelhamid Yahiaoui Abdul Hakim Shimul Igor Abisaí Padilla Chávez Abdoulaye Bakayoko Falah Khalaf al-Diyali Ilyas Shurpayev Álvaro Alonso Escobar Ali Risan Rory Peck Haymin Mohamed Salih Moisés Dagdug Lutzow Roy Bagtikan Gallego Meherun Runi Maharram Durrani Erol Akgun Sameh al-Aryan Ali Qaydar Shaaban Gratien Karambizi Krishna Sen Nicolas Giudici Ali Watan Rozouk al-Hassani Daniel Ibrahim Tiamson Lorena Saravia Julio Hernando Palacios Sánchez Sulaiman Dharmeratnam Sivaram Fakher Haider Daud Ali Omar Omar Kruno Marinovic Orkhanal-Rakan Dzhemal Mohamud Mohamed Yusuf Anwar Isaiah Diing Abraham Chan Awuol James Miller Osama Jumaa Ferdinand Reyes Karen Fischer Ibrahim Foday Bara'a Yusuf al-Bushi Mohan HusseinSuhaib al-Dhahir Raeda Abdul Latif Amiri Mohamed Amin al-Heeti Orislândio Timóteo Araujo SaifWazzan ur Rehman Manoel Leal deIsmail Oliveira Mohammad Jamal Uddin Nina Yefimova Sam Nimfa-Jan Mohyedin Alempour Mohammad Khalid Mohamed Abazied Hussein Othman Khaled al-Falahi AlixMahmoud Joseph Abdulmalik Akhmedilov Richard Nadjid Ahsan Ali Salih Saif Aldin Miguel Ángel López Velasco Patrick Kikuku Wilungula Yahya Abdul Hamid Stanislas Ocloo Mosaab al-Shami Ignace Ruhatana Dario D'Angelo Marlene Garcia-Esperat Jamal Khashoggi Raad Mutashar David Gilkey Ladjid Jade Ladja Abdul Samad Rohani Suleiman Abdul-Rahim al-Ashi Calvin Thusago Mayada AshrafMoreno Adrián Silva David Kaplan Mouaz Alomar Mohammed al-Asfar Merardo Alejandro Romero Chávez Jessé Medina Parra José Cândido de Amorim Filho Paul Aboyomi Ogundeji Mohamed Ibrahim Raage Mohammad Imran Moolchand Yadav Abdul Qodus Jamal Khalifeh Shehab Mohammad al-Hiti Ricardo Puniyamoorthy Sathiyamoorthy Abdullahi Madkeer Mehmood Chandio Sayed Hamid Noori Mohammad Siddik Sami Nasrallahal-Shimari Sayeed KhudaGangeme Dad Ahamdi Saif Laith Yousuf Alison Parker Serge Maheshe Santi Lamaneenil Abdul Wahed Abdul Ghany Nabil Hussein Oscar Javier Hoyos Narváez Mona al-Bakkour Herson Hinolan Ram Chander Chaterpatti Magomedzagid Varisov Jorge Ibraín Tortoza Cruz Mohammad Daud Anwari Milan Pantic Jaime Arturo Olvera Bravo Muhammad al-Rabou'e Mazhar Tayyara Mohammad Matar Abdo Thaer al-Ajlani Nabil Ibrahim al-Dulaimi Adlan Khasanov Hazzam Mohamed ZeidMohammed Mohieldin Al Naqeeb Juan Francisco Rodríguez Ríos Julio Augusto García Romero Didier Aristizábal Galeano Mohammad Amir Jesús Adrián Rodríguez Samaniego al-Nabbous Ahmet Haceroğlu Nabras Mohammed HadiBensaadallah RaúlDutta Gibb Guerrero Steven Vincent Juan Guillaume Camilo Restrepo Guerra Satoru Someya Lahcene Israel Gonçalves Silva Sudip Bhaumik Jagendra Singh Barreau-Decherf Michael Kelly Rafael Munguía Ortiz Mohamed al-Khal Nacer Ouari Mohammed Thabet al-Obeidi Sami Kassir Rashid Hamid Wali Ismail Taher Mohsin Mohammad Nasir Mudasir Eudés Nshimiryo Raed Al-Azzawi Kurt Schork Mika Yamamoto Álvaro Alfredo López Edwin Rivera PazAceituno Abdost Rind Daniel Pearl Christian Gregorio Poveda Ruiz Mohammed Taha Mohammed Ahmed Jolito Evardo Fidelis Ikwuebe Al-Hosseiny Abou Deif Pedro Alfonso Flores Silva Manuel Juárez Mohammed Abdullahi Khalif Liban Abdullahi Farah Ferhat Tepe Jairo Sousa Fabien Fortuné Bitoumbo Maximino Rodríguez Adil Bunyatov Reynaldo Paz Mayes Hadi Anawi al-Joubouri Miguel Belen Mohsen Khazaei Vasily Grodnikov Ricardo de Mello Jitendra Singh Noufel al-Shimari Mohammad Hilal Karji Liqaa Abdul Razzak Valentina Neverova Vincent Shabakaka Aysar Mahmoud Hamid Zankana Germán Antonio Rivas Danny Hernandez Suchart Charnchanavivat Paulo Roberto Cardoso Rodrigues Mohammed al-Qasim Mohamed Salah Benachour Jojo Trajano Gebran Tueni Ueliton Bayer Brizon Normando García Reyes Mauricio Estrada Zamora Abdul Rahman al-Issawi Khushvaht Muborakshoev Mohammed Salahuddin Lanka Jayasundara Shukri Zaynadin Jean Cabut Najeed Rashid Olimjon Yorasonov Mehmood Khan Enenche Akogwu Nils Horner Javier Rodríguez Valladares Mohammed Nazir Veeraboina Yadagiri Santiago Ilídio Andrade Ahmad Omaid Khpalwak Sampath Lakmal Fabio Polenghi José Luis LópezEnrique de la Calle Sahadevan Nilakshan Larry Que Darío Fernández Jaén Samid Khan Bahadarzai Omar Arghandewa Rabah Zenati Nour al-Din Al-Hafiri Ammar al-Shami Mohammed Nour al-Din al-Deiri Vladimir Drobyshev Omar Ouartilan Gabrielle marian Hulsen Hassan Zubeyr Ahmad al-Rashid Robenson Laraque Yusuf Ahmed Deeb Niko Franjic Jorge Alberto Orellana Ahmed Adnan al-Ashlaq Elvis Banggoy Ordaniza Joseph Hernández Ochoa Gerald Fischman Orlando Sierra Hernández Molhem Barakat Amir Nowab Louay Sadiq Meshaal Mohamed Yamen Naddaf Atputharajah Nadarajah Mohamed Mohamud Turyare Shambhu Patel José Agustín Silvestre de los Santos Jean Paul Ibarra Ramírez Regina Martínez Pérez Luke Somers Noureddine Hashim Mohamed Taani Washiqur Rahman Babu Jaime Garzón Hussein al-Zubaidi Parvaz Mohammed Sultan Stan Storimans Saleh Ayyad HafyanaMohamed Shamsan Emma Podobed Mouloud Barroudi Rosell Morales Luis Carlos Santiago Ahmad Hallak Norberto Miranda Madrid Luis Manuel Medina Hassan Benaouda Molou Chérif Reynaldo Momay María Carlin Fernández Paulo Machava Saleem Shahzad Chalee Boonsawat Vyacheslav Yaroshenko Vladimir Ivanov Takieddin al-Hudhaifi Arun Narayan Dekate Mohamed Saeed al-Hamwi Niraz Saeed Maria Len Flores Somera Ahmad Kareem Labib Ibrahim Vyacheslav Veremiy Shamsur Rahman Le Hoang Hung ReyMohamed Merisco Omidreza Mirsayafi Omar Kamal HansiNovruzali Krauss Luis Eduardo Gómez Yasser Faisal al-Jumaili Rohana Kumara Mazen Dana Ahmed Al-Mousa Rajesh Mishra Mamedov Mohamed Shaglouf Adams Ledesma Valenzuela Kaset Puengpak Ronnie Perante Luis de Jesús Lima Hárold Humberto Rivas Quevedo Struwe JagatChristian Prasad Joshi Syed Farroque Ahmed Wilfred Iván Ojeda ReyTorres Bancayrin Metin Göktepe Nahúm Palacios Arteaga Malik Arif Wasi Ahmad Qureshi Mohammed Hussein Navab Jorge Palacios Miguel Pérez Julca Jamaie Abdullah Musib Olivier Quemener Shamil Gigayev Christophe Nkezabahizi Pavel Makeev Siddique Bacha Khan Kaveh Golestan Jacques Roche Norvey Díaz Pradeep Bhatia AmjadOmar Rasim al-Buni al-Qaysi Hameed Rémi Ochlik Mahad Ahmed Elmi Stephen Omaois Desidario Camangyan Ihsan Jepon Cadagdagon Víctor Yobani Fúnez Solís Jagadish Babu Mohammad Abbas Mohammad Olivier Voisin M. 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Manchanda Yuri Shchekochikhin Qais al-Jazar Ramziya Moushee Nadezhda Chaikova Charles Bideri-Munyangabe Tavakkal Faizulloev Jassem Hamad Ibrahim Juan Mendoza Delgado Okezie Amaruben Vyacheslav Ifanov Ahmad Sha'ban Łukasz Masiak Tirgran Nagdalian Roberto Javier Mora García Chet Duong Daravuth Volker Kraemer Natan Pereira Gatinho Amr Badir al-Deen Junaid Tuba Akyılmaz Mohammed Abdul-Hameed Kloueu Gonzreu Relangi Selvarajah Batoul Mokhles al-Warrar Ogulsapar Muradova Luma al-Karkhi Julio Castillo Narváez Noel López Olguín Ahmad Shah Marcel Lubala Wali Khan Babar James Ogogo Ayham Mostafa Ghazzoul Mohamed Meceffeuk Viktoria Marinova Shafig Amrakhov Riad al-Saray Jassem Mohammad Nofan Raja Assad Hameed Simone Camilli Azhar Abdullah al-Maliki Noramfaizul Mohd Norbert Zongo Lindo Lupogan Mohammed Amir Shinwari Saidjonol Fakhriddinov Ishmael Jalloh Olim Zarobekov Javier Darío Arroyave Lucas Mebrouk Dolega Daniel Alejandro Martínez Balzaldúa Khushvakht Haydarsho Qassim Abdul Hussein al-Iqabi Raad Menco Yassin Al-Baddi Ramzan Khadzhiev Rajesh Mishra Francisco Castro Gleydson Carvalho Khamidjon Khakimov Germain Cyrille Ngota Ngota Alaa Abdul-Karim al-Fartoosi Laith al-Dulaimi Octavio Rojas Hernández Tunde Oladepo Noor Hakim Khan Rashmi Mohamed Ernesto Acero Cadena Al-Moutaz Bellah Ibrahim Sergei Kalinovsky Javed Naseer Rind Rasim Aliyev Ranko Elez Alaa Abdel-Wahab Fernando Raymondi Abdullah Mohammad Ghannam Laiq Ibrahim Nowruz al-Kakaie Olim Abdulov Mohammad Samdani Warsi Jesús Abel Bueno León Lala Baloch Ernesto Maravilla Azad Muhammad Hussein Khaled Reyadh Hamad Javed Ahmed MirHameed Virgilio Fernández Alberto Rivera Fernández Razzaq GulRamiz Anabel Flores Salazar Ahmadi Yasin al-Dulaimi Mohamed Ibrahim Gabow Rehmatullah Abid María José Bravo Prahlad Goala Théotime Kamanayo Jaruek Rangcharoen Rubén Espinosa Becerril Dickson Ssentongo Wadih Sa'ad al-Hamdani Apolinario "Polly" Pobeda Francisco Arratia Saldierna Obed Bazimaziki Kjasif Smajlovic Agus Muliawan Taha Shawkat Al-Halou Bonifacio Gregorio Abdul Razzak Adolfo Johra Isuiza Urquia Mark Gilbert Arriola Jorge Torres Palacios Ali Abbas Mahad Ali Mohamed Abdul Raheem Kour Hassan Juan Javier Ortega Reyes Javed Khan Stoner K. Muthuranalingam Zachary “ZackTV” Hassan Osman Kishore Dave Oscar Alberto Polanco Herrera Hazzam Mohamed Zeid Guillermo Cano Mick Deane Hassan Mayow Hassan Juan Carlos Benavides Arévalo Saúl Noé Martínez Ortega Mehmood JanEduardo Afridi Jassim al-Batat Randa George Hernández Pérez Khaled Eissa Dekendra Dharmendra Raj Thapa Singh Gelson Domingos daAbdi Silva Shujaat Bukhari Bladimir Antuna García Carvalho Abadullah Hananzai Alfredo Abad López Ardiansyah Jochen Matra'is Piest Sander Thoenes Eduardo Maas Bol Abdisatar Daher Sabriye José Darío Arenas Cándido Ríos Vázquez Ali al-Khatib Wissam Ali Ouda Hassan Kafi Hared Maksim Borodin Ahmed Kafi Awale Bruno Arquímedes Arturo Arias Henao Dmitry Shvets Jacquet Betia Ossébi Marco Antonio Estrada Jamal Abdul-Nasser Sami Rami al-Sayed Zubair Ahmed Mujahid Harry Yansaneh Álvaro Alfredo López Akhmednabi Edwin Rivera PazAceituno Ahmed Farah Ilyas Akhmednabiyev Javier Valdez Cárdenas Bakhtiyar Haddad Mahmoud Shabaan al-Haj Hadhir Carlos Quispe Quispe Aurelio Cabrera Campos Juan Carlos Vásquez Amer Malallah al-Rashidi Jaime Rengifo Revero Bayo Ohu Aleksandr Rastorguyev Aung Kyaw Naing Jorge Enrique Urbano Sánchez Aleksandr Rastorguyev Mohamed Abd Al-Rahman Hussein Musa Njuki Bernabé Cortés Valderrama Christopher IbanGraves Lozada AhmadSaleem Mohamed Mahmoud Syed Shahzad Ahmed Hassan Mahad Salvador Adame Pardo Basil Ibrahim Faraj Alberto Chakussanga Anna Politkovskaya Ahmed Khattab Omar Shahir al-Muaddamani Atilano Segundo Pérez Barrios Alberto Graves Chakussanga Efraín Varela Noriega Natalya Estemirova Adolphe Missamba Ndengi Kavula Hassan Yusuf Absuge Reinaldo Coutinho da Silva So'oud Muzahim al-Shoumari Adolphe Missamba Ndengi Kavula Bekim Kastrati Francisco Pacheco Beltrán Gabriel Huge Córdova Indika Pathinivasan Shantanu Bhowmik Enrique Perea Quintanilla Vincent Rwabukwisi Shafiullah Khan Fadel Shana Sultan Mohammed Munadi Robert Chamwami Shalubuto