Peek career portfolioand student work 10 21 17

contents [research]

wood thermal abduction [littleton trials] logc [engineered wood] biostabilization of rammed earth [mire] laser scanning & VR [gilbane building co]

[built]

the marvin [forum] rammed [earth] trailhead limelight [decentralized design lab] 75 | 125 binney street [gilbane building co] shocktop earthwork [trettel design + build] assembly hall [aecom/ellerbe beckett]

[student work]

arch2260 intro to building systems seminar arch2130 site, space & program studio arch 1120 fundamental design studio arch 1110 fundamentals of representation studio

[benjamin peek] design portfolio & teaching

[research] academic & professional

multi-layer

Northern Hardwoods

Ostyra virgin ia

13.6% 10.7%

forest regimes that 325 clung to their slowly moving surfaces. These regimes were constantly under the pressures of more rapid climatic movements that ebbed between colder and more temperate ages. These temporal gradients produced Cubic Feet Per Acre distinct forest regions with distinct species compositions and distributions across which thermodynamic competition yielded symbiotic and predatory relationships that established energy hierarchies. Position within the hierarchy was determined by an organism’s capacity to dissipate the available energy provided to it by its local environment. Species evolved specialist traits that New England allowed them to better capture and channel energy giving them the evolutionary 9 bf Forest Composition total lumber yielded from harvest and nested attributes and it tells edge. The narrative is of both chronological the story of the telescoping effect that human development has had on time.

Upland Oak

61,898,930

58,562,535

14,111,623

Northern Hardwoods

141,202,393

115,232,659

41,415,947

13,540,946

17,480,123

7,392,121

581,054

29,843,755

17,204,245

7,099,367

1,082,761

276,301,849

299,783,802

110,677,430

22,133,627

4,382

1,705

2,086

r

initial up position

multi-layered canopy

...an abbreviated long history

42 ConstruCtion

understiry cleared by fire operated practice

602 10%

1,950

3,757

2,821

1,911

1,213

1,806

2,589

2,121

2,250

Number of live trees (+1 inch dia),

Net volume of sawtimber trees,

in trees

in board feet

FORESTRY 15 14

13

Vegetation Type Key

Softwood

Average annual net growth of

Dry weight for live trees (timber at

sawtimber trees, in board feet

least 5 inches dia.), in short tons

Forestland

441,013,835

371,898,180,056

4,831,036,335,539

81,069,140,765

Timberland

357,988,967

3.04636E+11

4,033,233,407,765

80,021,933,192

21,244,482,538

81.2%

lumber to harvested biomass

5,867 bf

When considering the scale of the individual tree, species selection and adjacent stand density are important variables. We walked the forest identifying and marking low-valued (red maple) trees that were in the immediate proximity to more valued species (eastern white pine) with goal of re-balancing solar and nutrient access. The local disturbance of falling one tree becomes a local opportunity for another which can now grow faster and accumulate more value. We saw the impact of selective Forestry tree thinning on sections of the forest and discussed the variables in the decisions that are made over harvesting a particular tree and letting it grow and risking its getting damaged between this and a subsequent thinning.

Hardwood

Mixed

sources: Wildland Fire Science, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey. LANDFIRE.gov 2012 USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory Data (FIDO), 2015

GEOLOGIC TIME

16

Walking the forest also exposed the connections between it as an extractive and a living landscape. The harvesting criteria for a particular forest is of course influenced by the goals of the land owner. Given the composition of

of the United States Forestland is capable of producing industrial wood crops

At the present moment the we are occupying in Littleton, Massachusetts, potential amount of lumber yielded fromforest an Massachusetts woodland owner New England’s many privately owned small wood lots bespoke management SCALE is a typical mixed New England hardwood forest but the geologic story began practices could trend toward either and economic or ecologically driven some 400 million years ago on a drifting bit of landmass half way round the management plans. We discussed how the benefits of a successful world. It was around this time, during the Silurian Period, that the first vascular 12 11 10 9 8 plants appeared on Earth. These were the early progenitors of the woody46% Maple Spruce 61% Acer Picea stemmed plants that we know as trees and that would evolve approximately % of potential vegetation to land cover 10 million years later in the early Devonian Between 360 and 290 it with a much lower ‘embedded that of steel, Period. concrete, or aluminum, imbuing million Ayears ago these trees produced formations lush forests that inhabited TEMPORAL CONTEXT OF NEW ENGLAND’S FOREST energy’ (Oliver 2014).ofUsing less energy in production reduces the amount of the carbon-rich swamps of the Carboniferous Period (Thomas, 2006, p.3).

The forests we see in New England resemble nothing of the forests that were greenhouse gases released in to the atmosphere. Additionally, mass timber has seen by early European settlers. Those forests, the remnants of which we Approximately 250 million years during late Permian Period, when the theago, capacity tothe store call old growth or virgin forests, subsequently shared little resemblance to thecarbon sequestered by trees during growth. Wood is itself that existed prior to the fire-based use practicesinto that were applied planet’sforests drifting landmasses hadlandmerged a singular super-continent known carbon, and storage in buildings prevents the negative effects associated to them by Native American societies for50% thousands of years. The forests of as Pangaea, Hardwoods in the early the past,conifers and those thatappeared. will grow in the future, resemble little ofemerged forests with storage inthethe atmosphere.

In aCretaceous study of the University of British Columbia’s we identify with today. (Foster & Aber, 2004, p.44) Humanity depends on Period approximately 120 million ago.

By this time split intothat twosolid wood construction stored trigger woodPangaea the forests of today to produce oxygen; to control hydrological flows, to fix Earth Sciences Building, it washad determined carbon, to cycle nutrients, to provide habitat, to dissipate solar radiation, and to bore cut and Gondwanaland in the landmasses: Laurasia in the northern hemisphere, 1,005 metric tonsis of supply resources for construction and manufacturing, etc. Its change “our”carbon-dioxide equivalent (carbon) and prevented the problem.

Today’s epoch has been classified as the “Anthroprocene”, the age south; the south being supported of the majority of construction methods face cut the landmass releasethat of 1,168 metricthe tonsgrowth of carbon from normative in when human interaction became the determining factor in natural processes. hinge wood the pines.

Over time both toofremember these landmasses further fragmented to generate At such a moment it is important that while we will live out our (Evans 2013). Coupled with sustainable managed forests, mass timber can entire existence in this age the true succession of the forest spans multiple time smaller isolated landmasses would unique evolutionary incentives and storage symbiosis.

2 scales 3 4 and extends across millions of that years.

Through it slow movements have catalyze aprovide highly productive carbon sequestration shaped reshaped the continents. These continents bore cut 2” and behind back cuthosted slightly the emergent cut stem into logs for species diversification.

During the Cretaceous and early Tertiary, between face cut to create above hinge toward hinge bore cut through trigger wood 65 and 25 million years ago, hardwood species experienced a significant ro ro ate ot

r

simplified forest floor thru tree removal and cultivation

complex forest floor (pit+mound) topo from windthrown trees

Plain Sawing Oak-Chestnut mixed hardwood forest (modified through township settlement and agricultural land clearing ) (1600 AD - 1850 AD) 35m

1850 - 90% cleared 1830 - 60% cleared

arum acch er s Ac

2. r

cu

t wi

th

m

Acer saccharum

Upland Oak 4,715,425 acres

Northern Hardwoods 13,793,887 acres

1 face cut tree on direction of inteded fall

Birch-Aspen 2,763,934 acres

tate 90˚ arou nd tree

Tusca genus

tate 90˚ arou nd tree

THE GROWTH OF AN INDUSTRY

Birch

trigger wood plunge cut

complex forest floor converted to a simplified cultivation landscape

Forest Management Regime

90.1

Tree

Species

1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 7

Red Maple Red Maple Red Maple Red Maple Red Maple Red Maple Red Oak Red Oak Red Oak Red Oak Red Maple Norway Maple

Silviculture:

Hut One

Commercial and Plantation Forestry

%

Managed mixed hardwood forest

Wood Material Efficiency

- Plywood Production -

- Dimensional Lumber -

- CLT production -

- Glulam Production -

Kiln Drying

Rotary-cutting of Veneer

Kiln Drying

Pine or “mass” timber. Developed in Germany and Austria in the mid 1990s, 26 ft 3 Pinus its growth is accelerating in Europe and, more recently, western Canada 736 lbs There are other indicators of a nascent domestic industry. High-profile, mass (Karacabeyli 2013). CLT is a solid-wood panel assembly used in wall (interior timber-centered and exterior) and floor and roof applications. Although it shares the same raw design competitions are being held, including the “U.S. materials as glue-laminated beams and wood-framed walls,Tall it behaves Wood more Buildings Prize Competition” sponsored by the US Department like cast-in-place concrete in that panels act as structure and ofenclosure.

Agriculture and the “Timber in the City Urban Habitat Competition”

Finger Jointing

Resorting & Placing

Planing + Trimming

Planing

Glue Application (removed)

Glue Application

Panel Lay-up + Nailing

Dryer

Grading Pressing (removed)

Removing + Trimming + Resorting

2. Machining

Planing + Trimming

38.6

Net Wood Building Material

3. Edge Sealing

Packaging Packaging

Packaging

Packaging

89.9%

Hut Two

Wood Material Efficiency

Wood products in building construction more and more volumetrically efficient members. Some efforts adhere strictly to minimization efforts, like the steady reduction in the actual sizes of dimensional lumber. Others are processbased. Engineered wood products (EWPs) rely on processes to increase material efficiency. These largely come in two forms. In the cases of plywood, oriented-strand board, laminated veneer lumber, and

The Ashby chart makes plain the relative benefits of wood’s strenght to density ratio. Note that the comparison is with ‘density,’ and not ‘volume.’ Wood would not fair nearly as well against, say, steel or concrete if the comparison were based on the absolute sizes of members.

So, not unlike the development of the wide flange shape in steel, wood has seen a constant flow of innovation pushing it towards

Fraxinus

248 ft 3 7,215 lbsof mass timber products is the ability to utilize Not least of the many advantages low-quality planks (Berge 2009). Variations and imperfections in the pieces are negated by their multiplicity and the sheer mass of CLT, and pieces otherwise too small for use as dimensional lumber are finger-jointed together and integrated ft 3 This procedure is predicated on the utilization into the panel (Karacabeyli 26 2013). lbs of technological processes731 designed to eliminate defects, catalog wood fiber based on quality and structural capacity, and distribute it evenly within a structural member. Digital analysis and material optimization of raw material permits the use of small, imperfect planks as well as the inclusion of a range of species with lower structural values. Mass timber production runs counter to the prevalent modes of lumber production, where primacy is given to the

theri various cousins, wood is broken down into relatively small, non-structural bits and then rearranged to form a structural member. In glue29.2 lamination and mass timber / ft 3 lbs products, structural members are brought together until they, in the aggregate, transcend their independent structural categories.

Gross Wood Building Material

1'

-5

0'

-3

10-19

# of ownerships

% of Forest Area

10,000

20-49 50-99 100-199

32

3,000

18

less than 1000

500-99 1,000-4,999

13

11,000 1,000

200-499

15 14

% of owners 39% 43.90% 10.50% 4.50% 1.80%

less than 1000

4

less than 1%

less than 1000

4

less than 1%

44

0'

0' -0

ConstruCtion -0

3/4 3/4 " EW " EW P P

" 1/2

0'

0'

-1

0 1/2 0' -Building Cost vs.

Height for construction - 0 3/4 " SP " EW Fs systems 3/4(Karacabeyli 2013) " EW P P

4" SPAX SPACED 7" OC ON EXTERIOR FACE

" 1/2

8D NAILS SPACED 7" OC EVERY OTHER LAP JOINT REFLECTED ON OPPOSITE SIDE

Cut Off Material

Net Wood Building Material

0'

- 3"

0'

-1

1/2

ACSA 2015). Significant industry research is occurring, including SOM’s " “Timber Tower Research Project” (SOM 2015). A domestic mass timber industry, spearheaded by the design and implementation of CLT, may reach - 6"of the prevailing structural systems. This a scale comparable to those 1' change is far from inevitable; significant preconceptions and systematic tendencies need to be overcome if a CLT market is to become soluble. And unlike the aforementioned structural systems, the mass timber industry has the potential to be made stronger by operating according to concerns of silviculture, consumer demand, and labor presence at the regional level.

0'

-1

F " SP P 1/2 " EW 3/4 -0

0'

MASS TIMBER IN THE NORTHEAST To project the formation of a regionally-specific mass timber panel in the US Northeast, it is perhaps easier to consider what the panel isn’t before determining what it is. It is not formed of Southern Yellow Pine species, Douglas Fir, or Aspen, as the South, West, and Canadian locations of those species en masse obviate their feasibility in transportation. More than that, it is likely not formed of a single species, as the mono-culture agroforestry regimes of the aforementioned types do not exist to the same degree in the Northeast. A material composition of several species yields a material that is smarter in its procurement, formation, and deployment. Multi-species mass timber espouses all of the material and performance benefits of mass timber but operates with a higher level of thermal and ecological refinement. The thermal performance of mono-species CLT depends upon the specific characteristics of the chosen species. Density, specific heat, and moisture content vary between species and provide for various capacities of thermal resistance, thermal lag, and moisture mitigation. A multi-species version allows the designer to more finely tune thermal performance by distributing different characteristics throughout an assembly. For example, a panel might be designed with a lower density species on the exterior face and a higher density species on the interior face.

The former has a higher resistance and prevents transfer of heat; the latter has a higher capacity to store heat and can help offset peak heating and cooling loads. In addition to thermal performance optimization, selection of species can be matched to regional forestry for ecological and economical benefits.

Species selection based on regional availability can bolster local economies

39

5/8" BEECH DOWEL SPACED 9" OC OFFSET 4" INCREMENTS

Black Birch 0.94%

Beech 0.89%

Black Ash 2.40%

Hemlock 2.13%

Total non-pine / spruce 11.66%

90.5 %

Hut Three (mockup)

2

AXON - PANEL TYPE 1 -nCLT 3" = 1'-0"

4

0'

42

0' -0

Non-Glued Solid Timber Construction Logics

ConstruCtion

0'

-0

3/4 3/4 " EW " EW P

" 1/2

-5

0'

0' -0

0' -1 1/2 3/4 " SP 3/4 " EW Fs " EW P P

0'

-0

- 3"

" 1/2

1'

Re-incorporated Cutoffs

-1

Gross Wood Building Material

" 1/2

0'

71 ft 2,090 lbs

-3

3

4" SPAX SPACED 7" OC ON EXTERIOR FACE

- 6"

perfect piece of wood and harvesting in aimed at only a few species. In contrast, mass timber techniques of production significantly reduce waste products and promote healthy silvicultural diversity, liberating CLT from the economic 5/8" BEECH DOWELS 7" OC and ecological shackles of mono-culture agroforestry (Organschi 2014).

1'

0'

-1 0'

Structural Composite Lumber

in-situ test setup

NLT

Cross-Laminated Timber

Cut Off Material

Decentralized Design Lab decentralizeddesignlab@gmail.com

Nail-Laminated Timber

Glued Mass Timber construction logics

PANEL TYPES

0' - 9"

CLT

0' - 9"

Glue-Laminated Timber

SCL

lab test setup

Cut Off Material

lbs / ft 3 GLT

F " SP P 1/2 EW " 3/4

-0

9 ft 3 273 lbs EVERY OTHER LAP JOINT that of steel, concrete, or aluminum, imbuing it with a much lower ‘embedded energy’ (Oliver 2014). Using3 less energy in production reduces the amount of 3 ft The performative advantages of CLT are manifold. It achieves greenhouse gases released Additionally, mass timber has 84 lbsin to the atmosphere.

DLT CNLT ICLT PTLT Dowel-Laminated Cross Nail-Laminated Interlocking Post strength necessary for tall buildings, it provides for efficient the capacity to storeTimber carbonCross-Laminated sequestered Timber byTensioned treesLaminated during growth. Wood isthe itself Timber Timber 50% carbon, and storage in buildings prevents the negative effects associated construction, and its energy benefits are multifaceted. with storage in the atmosphere.

In a study of the University of British Columbia’s Non-glued Mass Timber construction 64 logics ft 3 Earth Sciences Building, it was determined that solid wood construction stored lbs Unmodified, wood is an efficient structural material, with a relatively high 1,005 metric tons of1,817 carbon-dioxide equivalent (carbon) and prevented the release of 1,168 metric tons of carbon from normative construction methods strength-to-weight ratio. Cross-lamination provides two benefits: reduction of the 8D NAILS SPACED 9" OC (Evans 2013). Coupled with sustainable managed forests, mass timber caninfluence of variations and defects in each member, and biaxial stress ALTERNATING SIDES and strain catalyze a highly productive carbon sequestration and storage symbiosis.

28.3

ConstruCtion

AXON - PANEL TYPE 4 -DLT 3" = 1'-0"

P

Wood Material Efficiency

Glued Solid Timber Construction Logics

Robinia

M.; Markowski-Lindsay, Marla. 2016. USDA Forest Service National Woodland Owner Survey: national, regional, and state statistics for family forest and woodland ownerships with 10+ acres, 2011-2013. Res. Bull. NRS-99. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

Family Holding Size (acres)

222 ft 3 6,484 lbs

Black Locust 5.31%

[construction]

Net Wood Building Material

Black Ash 3.76%

1

∆T plotted against √t(s) Thermal Conductivity

Mass Timber panel types 4.50

lab test setup

David Kennedy and Jacob Mans, 3.50

0.2619

0.0418

J(m2 s

∆T

K)

K)

J(m2 s

K)

J(m2 s

J(m2 s

K)

K)

K)

J(m2 s

K)

K)

J(m2 s K) derived http://www.industrialglasstech.com/ pdf/sodalimeproperties.pdf

0.50

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

thermal lag, which can reduce peak heating and cooling loads. It has a much lower conductivity than other structural materials. Steel, for example, has a

heat flux setup

exterior thermocouple

3.00

0.3751 0.3566

4.00

in-situ test setup

∆T

J(m2 s

2.00

J(m2 s J(m2 s

J(m2 s

1

2

3

4

√t(s)

5

6

7

U-value, W m2 K

K)

8

lamp and lens parallel w/ face of wall

0

halogen lamp test wall (including reference)

0.50

0.00

400

500

600

700

800

900

ε1T1 + ε2T2 ε1+ ε2

... a thermal paradox With regard to the tactile warmth perceived when skin contacts a wall surface, materials with effusivities lower than skin (woods and other cellular solids) will feel warmer at lower temperatures than materials with effusivities higher than skin (metals and ceramics). This is because the resulting Tcontact between skin and low effusivity materials will tend toward the temperature of skin (approximately 30º C) causing the material to be perceived as being warmer or cooler than it physically is. When high effusivity materials at lower temperature come into contact with skin they rapidly transfer heat away from the skin at a higher temperature toward the low temperature material (Marin 2007).

Calulated U-value

1.00

Measured U-value

0.50

0.00

flir camera

0.55 meters

K)

J(m2 s K) derived http://www.industrialglasstech.com/ pdf/sodalimeproperties.pdf

1.00

t∞

1.50

K)

J(m2 s

1.50

K)

K)

Tcontact =

If the effusivities of the two surfaces are equal to each other the resulting Tcontact will acquire the mid-point temperature between T1 and T2. If on the other hand the effusivities of the materials differ, the resulting Tcontact will be closer to the temperature of the material with the higher effusivity, i.e. the material that is more willing to exchange energy with its environment (Marin 2007).

Conductivity inquiry

U-value calculation w/ heat flux sensor exterior thermocouple

] [S 2

IR wood in-situ test sample

Effusivity inquiry

comparative time decay with IR camera

K)

black birch black locust

ce

IR wood lab test sample

K)

J(m2 s

= 32° C (Karacabeyli 2013). The energy required to fabricate CLTSkinisTemperature much lower than

black ash american beech 2.00

urfa

J(m2 s

K)

nS

2.50

J(m2 s

to computer

heat flux sensor

Ski

0.2619 0.0418

Hemlock

norway spruce

2.50

interior thermocouple

0.2742

3.00

time-dependent thermal phenomena that occur when surfaces, such as a wall surface S1 and a human hand S2, come into contact with each other. When these two surfaces with their respective temperatures of T1 and T2 touch their mutual contact interface acquires a different contact temperature dependent on each materials’ willingness to exchange energy with the other.

eastern hemlock

0.3245 0.3101 3.50

heat flux setup

J m-2 K-1 s-1/2

(J m-2 K-1 s-1/2)

3.50

0.4027

lab test setup

There are other indicators of a nascent domestic industry. High-profile, mass Temperature = 20° C conductivity about twenty times higher than wood, andWood much additional material Thermal Effusivity timber-centered design competitions are being held, including the “U.S. Effusivity of Black Ash = 382 = ε = √α ρ c is needed to prevent heat-draining “thermal bridging.” Mass timber, when Tall Wood Buildings Prize Competition” sponsored by the US Department Thermal Effusivity is the measure of a material’s ability to exchange energy with it surroundings. It describes the paradoxical thermal parameter that allows one coupled with other cladding or insulative materials, it is capable of high levels of Agriculture and the “Timber in the City Urban Habitat material Competition” to be perceived as warmer than another material that is actually cooler.

Thermal effusivity (ε), also referred to the “contact coefficient”, is function of the eastern white pine square root of a material’s density (ρ) multiplied by its specific heat capacity (c) Contact Temperature = 28.9° C of thermal resistance, reducing the energy conditioning spaces sponsored by the American Collegiate Schools of Architecture (USDA and Systematic deployment of Mass Timber panels multiplied by its thermal diffusivity (α), and is a critical variable in understanding Wood Wall Surface [S1] demand from Calculated vs Measured U-values

Conductivity inquiry

U-value calculation w/ heat flux sensor 0.4212

interior thermocouple

1000

Density, ρ12 - Kg m3

Effusivity of Skin = 1120

J m-2 K-1 s-1/2

Thermal Inquiries

heat flux sensor

U-value calculation w/ heat flux sensor

Effusivity inquiry Thermal Diffusivitycomparative time decay with IR camera

59

Calculated vs Measured U-values

Conductivity inquiry

3.50

(m-2 s-1)

exterior thermocouple

eastern white pine

3.00

1. high concentration heat source exchanges energy toward low concentration wall

eastern hemlock

U-value, W m2 K

black ash

to computer

heat flux sensor

norway spruce

2.50

interior thermocouple

Effusivity inquiry

comparative time decay with IR camera

t∞

flir camera

0.55 meters

american beech 2.00

black birch black locust

SECTION 03

2. storage of captured energy [thermal lag]

1.50

3. high concentraton wall exchanges energy toward low concentration interior

Calulated U-value

1.00

to computer

heat flux setup

3" = 1'-0"

0.2742

J(m2 s

1.00

4.50

A.51

0.3101

cond

J(m2 s

∆T plotted against √t(s)

Scale

0.3751

J(m2 s

0.00

Prouty Woods - Littleton, MA

3/3/2016 8:39:21 PM

The use of CLT panels has increased in Europe over the last few years, with CLT’s completed projects numbering in the hundreds (Karacabeyli 2013). Inroads are light weight also facilitates efficient construction. Foundations can DDLq = -k (∆T/∆x) 9,University 2015 of British Columbia being made in the Americas. TheDecember aforementioned be smaller, reducing both construction time and the amount of concrete Where (q ) is the magnitude of heat flux through a surface, the (-) sign indicates the direction building, completed in 2012, is one of the largest primarily CLT buildings in of dissipation, (k) is the material’s thermal conductivity, (∆T) is the temperature gradient between inNorth the project. Panels are customized off site and easily lifted by crane, the two sides of the surface, and (∆x) is the thickness of the solid being measured. As shown the conduction of heat through a material is a direct function of that material’s coefficient of America (Evans 2013). To date, few commercial buildings have been built in the thermal conductivity, defined as: reducing expensive site-time. Panel are set in place with readily available US, but several institutional projects are underway, including projects at Colorado k=αρC carpentry tools, further reducing time and dependence on specialized labor 20° C 26° C Where again (k) is thermal conductivity, (α) is thermal diffusivity, (ρ) is the density of the material, College in Colorado Springs and the University of Massachusetts in Amherst.

Energy Gradient between and (C ) is the specific heat capacity of the material. Both conductivity and conduction are two faces of a material impacted by a number of these variables as well as other factors specific to wood. Temperature (Karacabeyli 2013). Reductions in construction time are realized as reductions Adding to the overwhelming momentum spurring use of the prevalent structural (T) for example impacts wood counter intuitively. As the temperature of wood increases the density of the air (wood is a porous material consisting of a cellular substance with cavities (voids) filled with air) decreases. This should in turn decrease the conductivity of the wood material techniques are existing prejudices about the fire safety of wood, in cost. When multiplied over a significant number of stories, these savings however the opposite actually occurs with the wood’s conductivity increasing (Suleiman et al., 199, p. 468). Density (ρ) is also a high ranging variable of wood’s conductivity. This is a result manifest in the building code. This, however, has begun to change. The 2015 of unique microstructures produced by distinct tree species that produce woods of significantly reduce the cost of a CLT structural system below that of other types. different densities. Woods with higher moisture content result in higher composite densities as edition of the International Building Code recognizes CLT and integrates newly its cellular voids fill with water (water is roughly 29 times more conductive than air). As the density of wood increases so does its conductivity. Wood is also anisotropic with its conductivity increasing when loaded parallel to the grain. This can likely be attributedestablished to the ANSI product standards. Per the code, CLT is permitted in all types orientation of the molecular chains within the cell wall (Suleiman et al., 199, p. 470). of combustible construction (Evans 2013). Jurisdictional adoption and further Finally, and perhaps most critically, mass timber is used as part of multi√t(s) changes to height limitations are expected within a decade, permitting large-scale pronged energy reduction strategy. As a massive material, CLT has a very high implementation of CLT in conjunction with or in lieu of other structural materials. ρ

1.50

Thermal Huttest 001 sample IR wood in-situ

Thermal conductivity (k) is the measure of the flow energy through a material exposed to an 0.3566 energy gradient and it is the material co-efficient in Fourier’s Law that describes 0.3245 one-dimensional heat flow through conduction with the equation:

ρ

2.00

resistance. It is for CLT’s light weight and compression and shear resistance that it is an effective bearing and enclosure material for high buildings. As a floor and roof material, it is capable of spans of ten meters or more (Berge 2009).

IR wood lab test sample

0.4212

Hemlock

2.50

IR wood in-situ test sample

3

AXON - PANEL TYPE 3 -NLT 3" = 1'-0"

0.4027

cond

3.00

IR wood lab test sample

AXON - PANEL TYPE 2 -dCLT 3" = 1'-0"

THE GROWTH OF AN INDUSTRY

(W m-1 K-1) = k = α ρ Cρ

4.00

in-situ test setup

*0.2-2.6% of all tree density

Locust*

01.8%

Strength vs. Density of construction materials source: (Ashby 1992) Butler, Brett J.; Hewes, Jaketon H.; Dickinson, Brenton J.; Andrejczyk, Kyle; Butler, Sarah

3 The manufacture of CLT, a239 process which it gains its namesake, is analogous ft by to the processes behind 6,699 the Ownership formations of plywood and glue-laminated beams. lbs Catergory % CLT panels consist of at least three layers of lumber boards (timber) stacked Family 45.50% Corporate 11% crosswise (cross) and either glued, nailed, or doweled (laminated) together.

Other Private 7.90% Total acres The thicknesses of the individualSub members may64.40% vary as may the number of Federal 2.70% State 19.50% size of number a family forest holding layers, although CLT products areLocal usually fabricated with average an odd of in Massachusetts 13.50% Sub Total 35.60% layers. The outer layers are oriented up and down, parallel to gravity loads, in wall applications. In floor and roof applications, the outer layers run parallel to the major span direction. As an assemblage, panel sizes are limited only by manufacturers’ equipment and transportation regulations. (Karacabeyli 2013).

Planing 1. Coating

Ash/Elm

Massachusetts sponsored by the American Collegiate Schools of Architecture (USDA and Forest Ownership

Glueline Pressure Applied Sanding

03.3%

Cut Off Material

Pressing

Sawing

[forestry]

3

Gross Wood Building Material

Stress Grading

3. Patching

3

Private 1,954,000 acres

Wood Sorting

27.9

lbs / ft 3

Bonding

Tsuga

Public 1,082,000 acres

Stress Grading

Sorting

2. Jointing

15.5%

Fagus

Massachusetts Forest Ownership Key

#

Drying

1. Scarf Jointing

Beech

Tree Felling

Individual small-scale landownership

Forest Management Regime Silviculture:

20.4%

The use of CLT panels has increased in Europe over the last few years, with Betula butt wood completed projects numbering in the hundreds (Karacabeyli 2013). Inroads are 37 being made in the Americas. The aforementioned University of British Columbia ConstruCtion building, completed in 2012, is one of the largest primarily CLT buildings in North America (Evans 2013). To date, few commercial buildings have been built in the US, but several institutional projects are underway, including projects at Colorado Wood Mass Log Tree Volume Tree Mass (dry) Harvest Efficiency Small Diameter large diameter Board Foot Estimate Board Foot Actual Wood Volume College in Colorado Springs and the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. ft Kg in in 12”X12”x1”=1bf 12”X12”x1”=1bf ft Kg 79.29 1 87 1,384 14.5 17.5 to the overwhelming 35 60momentum 5.00spurring Adding use of the prevalent structural 5.73% 1 15 17 40 69 5.75 113 1,790 15.28% 274 2 18 20 80 138 11.50 material techniques are existing prejudices about46.25 the fire safety of wood, 1 12 13 20 35 2.92 46 722 6.41% 1 12 13 15 15 1.25 46 722 5.49% 40 manifest in the building code.15 This, however, has begun to change. The 2015 2 12 14 15 1.25 14 16 50 60 5.00 76 1,402 19.58% 275 Littleton, MA its12 energy and carbon impacts are minimal.

Paired with12 responsible 13 silviculture, 15 5 0.42 recognizes CLT and integrates newly edition of the International Building Code 3 13 15 20 24 2.00 CLT carbon18 dioxide 4 is capable of achieving net carbon reduction by storing 16 90 7.50 established ANSI7065product standards.

Per3.83 the code, CLT is permitted in all types 1 16 17 46 60.79 1,135 5.36% 266 ft 3 the growth within buildings72 and incentivizing of young, forests.

1 15 highly productive 17 65 45 3.75 59.47 62 988 6.02% 7,436 lbs of combustible construction (Evans 2013). Jurisdictional adoption and further 501 8,143 10.24% 490 602 50.17 833.53 changes to height limitations are expected within a decade, permitting large-scale Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) is a relatively new building system and the implementation flagship product in the family of timber materials collectively know as massive of CLT in conjunction with or in lieu of other structural materials. plunge saw through stem

Proposed msCLT Sourcing Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)

Sierra Pacific Weyerhaeuser Idaho Forest Group Stimson Lumber Manke Lumber Georgie-Pacific

14.6%

ba

r

5

Existing CLT Sourcing West Coast Softwoods

Hemlock

White Pine-Hemlock-Red Pine 2,489,209 acres

bo

tto

forest stand clear cut, fired, and tilled for cultivation

10

26 miles northwest of the Harvard’s Graduate School of Design there is a small 106-acre parcel of land called Prouty Woods. It is about a 45-minute drive, or an hour long train ride, to get to this, not so secluded, forest just outside of Littleton, Massachusetts. The property is owned and managed by the New England Forestry Foundation (NEFF). On the 1st of March 15,000 board feet of Eastern White Pine and Norway Spruce were delivered from Robbin’s Lumber in Searsmont, Maine funded by the Softwood Lumber Board (SLB) and the Northeastern Lumber Manufacturer’s Association (NeLMA).

3. plunge saw

sta

rt

15

21.8%

Quercus

Spruce/Fir 4,961,627 acres

saw ate ot

1.

25

20

Oak

source: Wildland Fire Science, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey. LANDFIRE.gov 2012

New England Forest Composition Key

Castanea d

ta enta

1771 - 10% cleared 30

26 miles, while not numerically significant, provides a critical spatial separation for the project. Getting out of the GSD and into the woods was a must! We wanted to spend more time working outside. We wanted to move away from the scales and material restrictions found inside of Gund. We wanted to understand the extended boundary conditions of wood buildings. We wanted to explore and understand the extractive territories of the forest.

The research unfolds in real-time in the form of mistakes, conversations with passer byers, and walks on the property 26 miles northwest of the Harvard’s Graduate School of Design there is a small 106-acre parcel of land called Prouty Woods.

4,969

2,358

3,967

2,685

1,878

The New England Forestry Foundation estimates that forests r managed with advanced silviculture can produce 1 cord worth of growth per year (128 ft3). With an average woodland size of 38.2 acres a typical Massachusetts forest owner accumulates aproximately 4,890 ft3 of biomass per year. If we evaluate this efficiency of yielded amount against the efficiencies we were able achieve with our mill (10%) this materials could be converted into 5,867 bf of lumber annually.

ate ot

Acer saccharum

7

SECTION 01

20 18

17

5

We were able to observe selective patch cuttings of various levels of succession and productivity. These cuttings, of less than half an acre in size, yield a mosaic pattern across the forest. Every 10-15 years several patches are harvested adjacent to previous cuttings to produce a diverse multi-aged forest over time. This kind of patch work succession works well when harvesting multiple species because you can target areas where desired species exist.

708,896,708

5,651

2,281

4,490

2,745

5.5% 7.8%

2,462

Area, in acres

6

forest stand girdled, fired, and cleared for cultivation

ate ot

5

s

wood thermal abduction [littleton trials]

Acer rubrum

Acer genus, Tusga genus, Castanea dentata, Betula genus, Quercus genus

ta enta

10

4

5,553

2,041

4,005

2,958

19.5% 42.9%

38,994,244

55,230,128

AD RO

o

15

3

4,867

1,389

3,419

2,746

Aspen-birch

Miscellaneous

138,422,459

304,033,623

SS

s st r

research w/ david kennedy & jacob mans

2

3,849,371

6,182,624

Aspen-birch

Miscellaneous

NE

Pin u

1

bus

Betula genu

9.9%

96,629,065 75,587,189

White-Red-Jack Pine

Virgin Oak-Chestnut mixed hardwood forest (modified by Native American fire operated practices) (10,000 BC - 1600 AD)

20

8.7%

3,141,939 31,865,970

2.47

7,278,143 3,159,674

source: New England Forests: The Path To Sustainability; New England Forestry Foundation, 2014

25

tree species, management techniques and forest health indicators.

43.3%

2,763,934

65,353 882,026

14.59

23,632,930 17,025,442

Spruce-Fir

Tusca genus

13,793,837

61,324

351,057 4,679,524

43.67

48,126,122 43,178,118

Upland Oak

Castanea d

294,784

495,029

894,519 12,917,569

39.26

17,591,870 12,223,955

Northern Hardwoods

30

1,930,944

1,191,264

1,831,010 13,386,851

percent

complex forest floor (pit + mound) topography from wind thrown trees

35m

4,985,788

1,016,317

Miscellaneous

White-Red-Jack Pine

ER

5

6,582,321

Aspen-birch

Cords (4’x4’x8’)

Spruce-Fir

LD WI

10

Acer rubrum

dense multi-layered undersotry

Fagus g enus

Acer saccharum

s

15

Acer genus, Tusga genus, Castanea dent

Betula genu

20

= α=

k ρ Cρ

t∞

Thermal diffusivity is the measure of how quickly a material can exchange energy with its environment.

When a material is subjected to transient heating and cooling, conduction alone fails to account for thermal behavior of the material. Under unsteady conditions thermal diffusivity better describes the behavior of the material as a measure of the ratio of the heat conducted through the material to that stored within a material per unit volume (Marin 2007, p. 431). Diffusivity is function of a material’s (k) conductivity divided by the product of its (c) specific heat capacity and (ρ) density that describe the speed of heat propagation through a material as it changes temperature over time (Salazar 2003, p.

352).

0.55 meters

This propagation is also referred to its “thermal inertia”. Materials with high diffusivities rapidly adjust to their thermal environments (Gagliano et al 2014, p. 362). Materials such as wood, with lower diffusivities provide a buffer against conductive heat transfers because the delay the diffusion heat that is stored within them. As cellular solid, many of the physical attributes that allow wood to moderate temperature gradients also allow it to moderate humidity gradients. Since wood is hygroscopic it will absorbe or release moisture until it equalizes with the relative humidity of its environment (Hameury & Lundström 2004, p. 282). As wood takes on more moisture its conductivity increases along with its diffusivity, meaning it will transfer more heat at faster rate.

Measured U-value halogen lamp

lamp and lens parallel w/ face of wall

02

test wall (including reference)

0.50

0.00

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Density, ρ12 - Kg m3

THERMAL SCALE Thermal Inquiries

[thermal]

of new hybrid approaches that influences design decisions with less limiting role within design research. As the project unfolds across a multiple sets of parallel inquiries, subsequent investigations take shape. Our research identifies physical testing components, inputs, outputs, and critical assumptions made to better understand the tran-scalar variables.

It is about a 45-minute drive, or an hour long train ride, to get to this, not so secluded, forest just outside of Littleton, Massachusetts. The property is owned and managed by the New England Forestry Foundation (NEFF). On the 1st of March 15,000 board feet of Eastern White Pine and Norway Spruce were delivered from Robbin’s Lumber in Searsmont, Maine funded by the Softwood Lumber Board (SLB) and the Northeastern Lumber Manufacturer’s Association (NeLMA).

26 miles, while not numerically significant, provides a critical spatial separation for the project. Getting out of the GSD and into the woods was a must! We wanted to spend more time working outside. We wanted to move away from the scales and material restrictions found inside of Gund. We wanted to understand the extended boundary conditions of wood buildings. We wanted to explore and understand the extractive territories of the forest.

The research unfolds in real-time in the form of mistakes, conversations with passer byers, and walks on the property with foresters from the NEFF. The Waldenesque intentions we had about isolating ourselves in nature were fabrications. Our role in the forest and its impact on us is much more nuanced, carrying with it an uneasy excitement that stems from the strangeness of our project.

The exploration documents and dissects wood at three primary scales: forestry primarily as it’s situated in New England, mass 03

timber construction, and wood’s heat transfer behavior. At each scale we try to identify and leverage critical forms of feedback that link architecture to the tran-scalar complexity of wood. These feedback loops shape three iterative wooden trial huts that test our assumptions and begin to question normative indicators of performance in solid wood buildings. One set of inquiries unpacks transient heat transfer properties of multiple hard and softwood species across a range of thermal experiments.

Another is focused on the physical procurement of materials and the construction of different types solid wood assemblies. The third is focused on how large scale thermodynamic variables produced at the forest-scale can influence small-scale thermal performance at the building-scale.

Over the course of the investigation the focus shifts from making and monitoring toward reflecting on what was made.

The physical experiment transitions into a dwelling that yields a different form of data acquisition.

As the methodology engages wood architecture as an open thermodynamic system, the system is analyzed and realized through iterative abductive reasoning that emerges from our research. This methodology fundamentally differs from more pragmatic experimentation that deploys deductive logics validating the soundness of a singular hypothesize.

This difference significantly increases the efficacy

And at each scale, from large scale to small scale, we continually situate our findings in an architectural knowledge set with wood as our medium.

The production of multi-species wood construction logics leverages the benefits of traditional monolithic wood construction toward a tunable assembly that matches the thermal performance of distinct wood species with the distinct performance requirements of the interior, exterior, and internal layers of a building envelope. The assembly would retain the advantages of a monolithic construction logic while more powerfully engaging the larger-scaled extractive ecologies of source forests producing a demand for a more diverse array harvested timber as well alternative models of forest management. This thesis proposes a more complete, albeit also more complex framework to accurately describe and understand the scales, feedbacks, and formation of wood architecture.

The project embodies the formation of a method for design research that leverages the physical medias of large-scale making and material organization into a critical abductive process. This method is an alternative model that couples academic research with professional practice – a critical alignment that bridges the academic and commercial realms. Without creating capitalistic voids, failing constructions, or dreamy theoretical ideas, we have sought out a new model for the transitions from academia to the realities of practice.

Cross Laminated Timber Facts

EMISSIONS

2x4 OSB

WALL STOCK CLT

GLULAM

2x4

GLULAM

research w/ david kennedy

CLT

BUILDING STOCK

LSL

Output of CLT 551kg/m3

RAIN

SUN

BYPRODUCTS PRODUCT

PROCESS

BYPRODUCTS PRODUCT

PROCESS

BYPRODUCTS PRODUCT

PROCESS

BYPRODUCTS PRODUCT

PROCESS

BYPRODUCTS PRODUCT

CO2

2x4

CLT

GLULAM

PRODUCT

C CUTTING

STOCK

EXTRACT

STOCK

PRODUCT DECISION PROCESS

TIMBER BYPRODUCTS C

PROSSES

ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE

BYPRODUCTS

PSL

CO2 84kg/m3 VOCs 0.0235kg/m3

CONSTRUCTION C

Formaldehyde 0.0008kg/m3 Average Durability Use Of Original Tree

BUILDING

LSL

39 yrs 81 % 2

Process Complexity Rank

PRODUCT

BYPRODUCTS PRODUCT

0.308kg/m3

Methane 0.272kg/m3 Phenol 0.0131kg/m3 Formaldehyde 0.0022kg/m3 Factory Emisions kg/m3

LVL

SOIL

FOREST

76.5 % 6.6 % 16.9%

336kg/m3

VOCs

LEVEL OF PROCESS FEEDBACKS

PROCESS

LEVEL OF PROCESS COMPLEXITY

04

VEG

94.3 % 5.7%

CLT Emmisions By-products Total Emisions kg/m3

FOSSIL FUELS

logc

BYPRODUCTS

%

Wood Fuel Carbon Output

WATER

Building construction processes precipitate the release of CO2 (carbon dioxide) and other toxic gases into the atmosphere. This research seeks to maximize the efficacy of processes in forming building products and buildings.

Wood products provide a greater economy of carbon expenditure, and the reasons are manifold: trees are active carbon sinks, lumber stores carbon, and manufacture is low-­energy. Engineered wood products(EWPs) use more of the original mass while minimizing needed material, but unlike conventional wood products they rely on binders and several processing stages. The structural and useful capabilities of wood emerge from within its cellular organization in which EWPs reorganize wood to capitalize on these inherent property. With logc, this research reimages EWPs as the trees from whence they came; with a consistent form each product’s morphological characteristics becomes more apparent. Concurrently revealing the carbon-intensive processes and additives required by EWPs logc is intended to provoke a discussion about the nonlinear impacts of ubiquitous construction materials internally and externally to their formation.

Output Waste 125kg/m3

Carbon Input

OSB

BIOMASS (WOOD)

% Adhesive 6%

Amount Mass Per Serving

OSB

FLOOR STOCK CLT

LEVEL OF AVERAGE DURABILITY

ROOF STOCK

logc [engineered wood]

Serving Size Input mass of dry lumber 676kg/m3

LVL

PSL

logc

OSB

Mass

Carbon

Emmissions

8.2kg

7.19kg

0.5kg

ENGINEERED WOOD

*Values are based on an annual gate-to-gate life cycle analysis of laminated timber for the Southeast regions of the United States: Alabama, Georgia, Lousisiana, Mississippi, Florida, Arkansas, and Texas. (Puettmann & Wilson 2005) Cumulative CO2 Emisions per Type of Fuel:

CATALYST

CARBON

WASTE SOURCE

Biomass 68.5%

OXYGEN

BOUNDARY

▪

Fossil Fuel 31.5%

▪

Other Non-Fossil 0%

METHANOL EXCHANGE

ADHESIVES & BINDERS

STORAGE TANK

CARBON

BYPRODUCTS

Ingredients: yellow pine, water, phenol resorcinal formaldehyde, melamine urea formaldehyde

PROSSES UREA MALAMINE PHENOL, RESORCINOL

INTERACTION

Chronological processes: cut, grade, trim, finger joint, edge glue, press, face glue, press, trim, finish, bundle , ship

SWITCH

HYDROGEN

HYDROGEN

FEEDBACK PRODUCER

AMMONIUM SULFATE, SODIUM, HYDROXIDE, FORMIC ACID

PATHWAY

ADHESIVES

Directions: sheathing, flooring, roofing, beams, load bearing walls

CONSUMER logc STOCK

log

timber

clt

lsl 0 13462225344554 1

psl

lvl

osb

tji

xi

research

biostabilization of rammed earth [mire]

Rammed earth possesses low embodied energy, high recyclability, and low toxicity while having little impact on biodiversity and virtually no depletion of biological nutrients. This inherent sustainability has been comprised by modifications imported from concrete construction in response to contemporary building standards. The proposed work aims to strengthen rammed earth by a process known as microbially induced calcite precipitation resulting in a cutting edge material/method called microbially indurated rammed earth [MIRE]. The investigation consists of research and hands-on material investigations, laboratory experiments, and ultimately culminated in a presentation in Washington D.C. for the EPA. This competition is know as EPA P3: People, Prosperity, and the Planet Student Competition for Sustainability.

05

Conducted in two parts, phase 1 represents an interdisciplinary endeavor involving the Departments of Architecture, Geography, and Geology at the University of Kansas. During Phase 1a, the three departments on the P3 team conducted controlled MIRE experiments guided by predictive models and amended with different concentrations of a common soil bacterium (Sporosarcina pasteuriI) known to increase strength of construction materials through biomineralization of calcite. These samples will be analyzed for: particle-size, Atterberg Limits, Proctor Compaction, water retention curve determination, distribution and mineralogy of carbonate, pore-sizedistribution, and compressive an flexural strength. These findings will be compared against controls - unamended soils, Portland cement stabilized soils, and soils biostabilized with native microorganisms. In Phase 1b, the material testing will culminate in the design and construction of a small MIRE structure with 3rd year architecture students. (Kraus)

professional work/research

laser scanning & VR [gilbane building co]

06

At Gilbane Building Company’s Virtual Design and Construction department, I have continually implemented new and innovative technologies in the industry. I have leveraged new technologies such as laser scanning/mapping and virtual reality as new modes of media. The information and visuals that can be generated are not only new tools for the industry but they are also developable. I have found immediate uses while also experimenting with their capabilities.

In particular on project sites, laser scanning has the capability of informing design teams with much more accurate information. Many times this can happen very early on the design process so that teams can respond pro actively rather than reactively to conditions. My use of laser scanning has been to map topographies, structure, equipment, mechanical routing, or even settlement deviations. A series of scans has the ability to inform or correct the design to construct processes.

Virtual reality, however, has the ability to analyze building designs, systems, or details before without any physical material manifestation.

I are also developing interactive ways to alter that design in real time as well. Together these two technologies have then potential to be leveraged in an even more impactful way.

[built] architecture, exhibits, & installations

design build | studio 804

the marvin [forum]

The School of Architecture at the University of Kansas has never had a central place for this purpose, a “there” for interaction, welcome, and celebration of the work of its integrated professional programs – a cultural amenity that is common to virtually all designbased schools nationally. The Forum at Marvin Hall constructs a new lecture hall and transform the existing second floor jury room into a student commons area. The new commons space offers an area for students to congregate and create a foyer for the lecture hall. The addition extends from the south elevation of the existing Marvin Hall and accessed thru two existing windows that were converted to accommodate the passage of the School’s professional culture and, in its transparency, invite interaction with the larger University community alongside historic Jayhawk Boulevard.

07

08

07

06

05

04

1/4" PER FOOT TAPERED ISO INSULATION

01

1' - 9 1/2"

D

SUSPENSION WIRES USED WHEN THE CEILING JOIST ARE NOTCHED

3 1/4" 4"

1" 1' - 4 1/4"

1' - 6"

2X6 CEILING JOISTS SPANNING BETWEEN PONY WALLS AND NOTCHED AS NECESSARY TO ALLOW THE PASSAGE OF THE DUCT WORK

3 1/2"

1" ACOUSTIC FIBER BOARD ABOVE THE CEILING TAPERED AND SPACED 2X6 CEILING PLANKS 2X4 PURLINS AT 3'-3" O.C. CEILING PLANK NAILERS

2' - 0 1/2"

1 1/2" 1' - 3" LOUVERS CLOSED

Architect of Record Rockhill + Associates 1546 East 350 Road Lecompton, KS 66050 (p) 785.393.0747

7' - 6 7/8"

7' - 4 7/8" LOUVER

1" ACOUSTIC FIBER BOARD BETWEEN THE CEILING PURLINS

3' - 7"

C

C 1' - 7 1/2"

11 1/2" LOUVERS OPEN

11"

3' - 5"

1"

3 1/8"

1" 1"

2" X 2" X 3/16" X 1 1/2" LONG STEEL ANGLE WELDED TO THE STEEL TUBE VERTICAL AND REINFORCED WITH A 1/4" PIECE OF PLATE STEEL WELD TO THE ANGLE ARMS

6 1/4" 3 1/8"

20' - 10 3/4"

3/4" X 1 1/2" X 11 GAUGE STEEL TUBE ARM WELDED TO THE TUBE VERTICAL AS WELL AS THE SHELF ANGLE BELOW

3" SQUARE X 11 GAUGE STEEL TUBE STRUCTURAL COLUMNS IN LINE WITH WINDOW WALL MULLIONS WHICH ARE FASTENED TO THE STEEL

B

B

INNER 4 1/4" WINDOW WALL ASSEMBLY

7' - 4 7/8" LOUVER

7' - 6 7/8"

REMOTE OPERABLE 1 7/16" X 11 1/2" WESTERN RED CEDAR LOUVERS

RAISED ACCESS FLOOR SYSTEM 2 X 4 X 24" O.C. ACQ FRAMED CURB WALL ANCHORED TO THE ADJACENT STEEL COLUMN

3/4" PLYWOOD SUBFLOOR SPANNING THE RAISED FLOOR 3/16" STEEL PLATE FINISH FLOOR 5/16" CEMENT BOARD

THE TIMBER FRAME COLUMNS ARE WRAPPED WITH CEMENT BOARD BENEATH THE FINISH FLOOR

Structural Engineer Bartlett & West 1200 SW Executive Dr Topeka, KS 66615 (p) 785.272.2252

MEP Engineer Henderson Engineers Inc. 8345 Lenexa Dr Suite 300 Lenexa, KS 66214 (p) 913.742.5001

OUTER 7" WINDOW WALL ASSEMBLY

1"

University of Kansas School of Architecture Design & Planning 1465 Jayhawk Boulevard Marvin Hall Lawrence, KS 66045 (p) 785.864.4024 www.studio804.com

3/4" PLYWOOD SUBFLOOR

6X4X3/8" CONTINUOUS ANGLE TO SUPPORT THE DEAD LOAD ANCHORS THAT SUPPORT THE CURTAIN WALL AT EACH MULLION

A New Lecture Hall Addition and Student Commons Area

10 1/4"

6 1/4"

7"

Marvin Hall University of Kansas 1465 Jayhawk Boulevard Lawrence, Kansas 66045

1' - 8 15/16"

2 X 12 WESTERN RED CEDAR TRIM RUN VERTICALLY

11 7/8" WOOD I-JOISTS

The Forum at Marvin Hall

° 135

3/4" PLYWOOD SHEATHING

5/8" FINISH VENEER PLYWOOD

Revisions:

6 1/4"

1"

60 MIL SINGLE PLY MEMBRANE

A

02

Following the tradition of previous Studio 804 projects, the facility incorporates both passive and active sustainable systems and technologies. The building achieved LEED Platinum certification. The main lecture space is completely glazed on the south, east, and west facades to allow visibility and solar gain. To offset the high heat transfer of the glazing, and achieve LEED-Platinum level energy performance, Studio 804 developed a vented wall system that allows the skin of the building to change depending on the time of the year. In the summer, the dual wall is vented to allow the heated air to escape and pull cooler air in from underneath the addition. In the winter, the vents are closed therefore allowing heated air to become trapped inside the cavity acting as a warm “blanket” for the addition.

FULLY ADHERED 60 MIL TPO MEMBRANE

D

03

2X6 TREATED LUMBER PARAPET WALLS WITH DIAGONALS TO SUPPORT THE COPING THAT EXTENDS OVER THE OUTER GLASS WALL

11 7/16" TALL CONTROL DAMPERS WITH INSECT SCREENS AND ALUMINUM VISION SCREENS INTEGRATED INTO THE WINDOW WALL

ALUMINUM GRATING VISUAL SCREEN FOR THE DAMPERS

A

DUAL WALL SECTION

14" PWI 40 FLOOR JOISTS

7/8" HAT CHANNEL OUTLOOKERS TO CREATE A FLOOR FOR THE DUAL WALL

11 7/16" TALL CONTROL DAMPERS WITH INSECT SCREENS AND ALUMINUM VISION SCREENS INTEGRATED INTO THE WINDOW WALL

7"

10 5/8"

THE BOTTOM OF THE JOISTS ARE SET AT THE HIGH POINT OF THE EXISTING MASONRY WALL OF THE MECHANICAL SHED

WEEP FLASHING BETWEEN THE ALUMINUM EXTRUSION AND THE DUAL WALL FLOOR

7/8" HAT CHANNEL CREATE CONDUIT RACEWAYS ACQ 2X TREATED LUMBER SILL PLATES

1 3/4" LVL JOIST HEADER

08

5/8" PAINTED GYPSUM BOARD SOFFIT

07

06

05

[1] A303

04

041-8100 A-012384b Author 2/6/2014 12:54:47 AM

Project Number Drawn By Date

DUAL WALL SOUTH WALL AT JURY ROOM

A303

1" = 1'-0" 03

02

01

Copyright © 2013

studio 804, inc.

natural ventilation mode

winter mode

summer mode

[demolition]

[design]

[concrete]

[structure]

[teamwork]

[hands on] 11

[progress] 12

design build | dirt works studio

rammed [earth] trailhead

The University of Kansas Field Station invited the Dirt Works Studio to design and build a new trailhead on the McColl Nature Reserve in honor of Stan and Janet Roth, a beloved Lawrence couple. The Roth Trailhead will CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS serve as a gateway into the Field Station, an ode to the landscape in which it rests, a gathering place for nature lovers, and an artifact that tells the land’s tale and reveals its great history recorded beneath. The design of the Roth Trailhead concentrates on a few basic tectonic elements, including STRUCTURAL ENGINEER APEX ENGINEERS, INC a punctuated rammed earth wall 9000 W 64th TERRACE MERRIAM, KS 66202 proportioned on the Fibonacci T.913.432.3222 E.bryce@apex-engineers.com sequence; a gravel path guiding visitors along the wall; and a sunshading canopy hovering atop the wall.

ERSITY OF KANSAS FIELD STATION ROTH TRAILHEAD

ARCHITECT OF RECORD

ALLEN BELOT ARCHITECTS 708 W 9th ST STE 205 LAWRENCE, KS 66044 T.785.843.4670 E.abelot@sunflower.com

A010 SERIES: A011 - SITE PLAN A012 - ENLARGED PARKING PLAN A100 SERIES: A101 - OVERALL PLAN A150 SERIES: A151 - ENLARGED PLANS A300 SERIES: A301 - ELEVATIONS A350 SERIES: A351 - ENLARGED WALL ELEVATIONS A352 - ENLARGED WALL ELEVATIONS A353 - SOUTHEAST FOUNDATION ELEVATION A400 SERIES: A401 - WALL SECTIONS A402 - WALL SECTIONS A500 SERIES: A501 - EXPLODED AXON A502 - COLUMN FOUNDATION DETAIL A503 - BASE PLATE DETAIL A504 - TOP OF WALL DETAILS A505 - TOP PLATE FIN CONNECTION 1&2 A506 - TOP PLATE FIN CONNECTION 3 A507 - CANOPY DIMENSION PLANS A508 - CANOPY T1 PRIMARY STRUCTURE A509 - CANOPY T1 SECONDARY STRUCTURE A510 - CANOPY T1 TERTIARY STRUCTURE A511 - CANOPY T1 TERTIARY STRUCTURE A512 - CANOPY T1 TERTIARY STRUCTURE A513 - CANOPY T3 PRIMARY STRUCTURE A514 - CANOPY T3 SECONDARY STRUCTURE A515 - CANOPY T3 TERTIARY STRUCTURE A516 - CANOPY T3 TERTIARY STRUCTURE A517 - CANOPY T3 TERTIARY STRUCTURE A518 - T1 PRIMARY TO SECONDARY CONNECTION A519 - T3 PRIMARY TO SECONDARY CONNECTION A600 SERIES: A601 - FORMWORK FOUNDATION TYP A602 - FORMWORK WALL TYP

Dirt Works Studio 3813 Greenway Drive 785.393.6183

Design + Build Lawrence, KS 66046 ckraus@ku.edu

Allen Belot Architects 708 W 9th St Ste 205 785.843.4670

Architect of Record Lawrence, KS 66044 abelot@sunflower.com

Apex Engineers, Inc Structural Engineers 9000 W 64th Terrace Merriam, KS 66202 913.432.3222 bryce@apex-engineers.com Confidential Material: This material, specifications, and all information therein are the property of Dirt Works Studio. No part of this work may be revealed, reproduced, or made public to third parties without expressed written authorization and shall be returned on request.

100% CD SET

2012.03.26

CLIENT PRESENTATION 1

2012.02.24

SUBMISSIONS AND REVISIONS

ROTH TRAILHEAD KU FIELD STATION MCCOLL NATURE RESERVE LAWRENCE, KANSAS

TITLE SHEET DRAWING INDEX TITLE VICINITY MAP

A000

10

785.393.6183

A

ckraus@ku.edu

Allen Belot Architects 708 W 9th St Ste 205 785.843.4670

Architect of Record Lawrence, KS 66044 abelot@sunflower.com

Apex Engineers, Inc Structural Engineers 9000 W 64th Terrace Merriam, KS 66202 913.432.3222 bryce@apex-engineers.com Confidential Material: This material, specifications, and all information therein are the property of Dirt Works Studio. No part of this work may be revealed, reproduced, or made public to third parties without expressed written authorization and shall be returned on request.

REF...A509

REF...A509

T.O.W. 10' - 0"

T.O.W. 10' - 0" 1 A504

PUDDLE EARTH CAP PUDDLE EARTH CAP

HSS 6"x6"x3/8" SQUARE TUBING

HSS 6"x6"x3/8" SQUARE TUBING

1/4" MILLED STEEL SIGNAGE RAMMED EARTH W/ (2) MATS # 4 REBAR @ 18" O.C. E-W (EACH-WAY)

RAMMED EARTH W/ (2) MATS #4 REBAR @ 18" O.C. E-W (EACH WAY)

12"x12"x3/4" STEEL BASE PLATE

1" SCREEN CLEAN GRAVEL

12"x12"x3/4" STEEL BASE PLATE

CONCRETE/ PERMEABLE PAVER PATH

1" SCREEN CLEAN GRAVEL

CONCRETE/ PERMEABLE PAVER PATH

TOP OF FOUNDATION E 1' - 4"

TOP OF FOUNDATION A-D 0' - 0"

(2) MATS #4 REBAR @ 18" O.C. E-W (EACH WAY) BACKFILL

(2) MATS #4 REBAR @ 18" O.C. E-W (EACH WAY)

TOP OF FOOTING E -0' - 0 5/16"

BACKFILL

5/8" A36 - F1554 ANCHOR BOLTS

TOP OF FOOTING A-D -1' - 4 1/2"

5/8" A36 - F1554 ANCHOR BOLTS 0' - 3"

#4 REBAR @ 18" EW

A'

E'

A

E

100% CD SET

2012.03.26

CLIENT PRESENTATION 1

#4 REBAR @ 18" E-W 4' - 0"

2012.02.24

SUBMISSIONS AND REVISIONS

ROTH TRAILHEAD KU FIELD STATION MCCOLL NATURE RESERVE LAWRENCE, KANSAS

WALL SECTIONS 1

TRANSVERSE SECTION A

A401 Scale:

1" = 1/2"

Earthen construction is one of the most inherently sustainable construction methods. Yet in many industrialized nations, building with soil has become marginal – largely due to a shroud of mystery concealing the process of transforming the soil; this is particularly true in the American Midwest. Unfortunately, restricted use comes at a time when earth architecture is needed most – to lighten our carbon footprint while rooting us to our unique place in the world. The primary obstacles preventing wider acceptance of earth architecture are primarily a lack of public awareness and professional education. The Dirt Works Studio aims to address both obstacles by educating architecture students in the design and construction of publicly accessible rammed earth structures for all to experience.

professional work/research w/ david kennedy & jacob mans

limelight [decentralized design lab]

Lime Light is an objet d’art and architectural experience.

It is a space for pondering, where the Black Locust is providing answers to questions that have not yet been asked. Lime Light is both an architectural experience and an educational tool. It is an immersive, nocturnal analogy to the New England Autumn tradition of observing leaves changing colors. It isolates a littleknown property of a local tree species, with the intent of heightening awareness of the latent and manifest properties of wood. It encourages respect for the species by revealing that dominion over nature is incomplete.

Black Locust has long been a part of northeastern US forestry, but its status as an invasive species precludes it from complete integration into the built environment. Uncommon among trees, it bears the characteristics of both fast growth and high density.

Its fast growth makes it somewhat of a forest bully: it outgrows neighboring trees and then slows down to block their access to the sun. But its density and rot resistance make it ideal for landscape and exterior applications. That fact, coupled with a need to aggressively harvest it, still has not increased the presence of Black Locust in our built environment. Among its robust, often contradictory, properties, one rests quietly in plain site: a fluorescent brilliance under UV exposure. The cellular and chemical structures responsible for this phenomenon are unknown, and there is no clear evolutionary advantage attributed to it.

12

18

professional work

75 | 125 binney street [gilbane building co]

As part of the on-site team that delivered this state-of-the art large scale science complex for Alexandria Real Estate Equities at Kendall Square in Cambridge MA, my primary role involved coordinating a highly collaborative project delivery. Utilizing a virtual design platform for construction, I helped lead the co-location process of designers, engineers, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, fire protection, structural steel, and exterior skin trade contractors. The team leveraged a daily work plan and real-time model coordination to enhance design, quality, cost, and time concerns. Situated in a tight urban site, the project posed multiple challenges. Underground design and construction sequencing was analyzed with highly technical model based information and translated directly through implementation. Highly detailed virtual mock-ups were designed, tested, and built as a way to pro actively challenge design decisions. As a team, we leveraged this collaborative preconstruction process to accelerate schedule and pre-plan items like beam penetrations as a way to allow the entire team, design and construction, to make smart and timely decisions while maintaining a project budget.

13

professional work

shocktop earthwork [trettel design + build]

I was invited to help team up with Trettel Design + Build and renown artist Stan Herd in the fabrication and composition of Shock Top’s 3D earthwork billboard. Stan Herd is known best for his large field designs such as his crop art around the country. I was able to work with a local design build firm, Trettel Design + Build, and Kansas native Stan Herd for the fabrication of his most recent design. Fabrication of all the metal was done in Kansas while assembly of materials was done on site with the guidance of mastermind Stan Herd, himself 30’ above in a man lift. Measuring 30’ x 50’, this enormous billboard sits aside a building in the heart of downtown San Francisco. Composed entirely of aluminum and earthen material such as wheat, orange peals, hops, and barley, the board is secured by weights cantilevered over the top of the building.

14

[fabricate]

[paint]

[travel]

[assemble]

[celebrate]

[lift]

professional work

assembly hall [aecom]

As an intern architect at AECOM, formerly Ellerbe Becket, I was part of a competition team responsible for the renovation of the historic University of Illinois’ Assembly Hall.

Competing against sports architecture powerhouses such as Populous and HNTB, we won out the competition with this design. Our design involved expanding the physical arena without adding elements to the original historic design.

We wanted to take the iconic white dome, clean lines of the structure/bowl and wrap it with a delicate glass container. Our focus for the entire project was to build upon previous achievements and articulate with forward looking enhancements. My main responsibility for the competition revolved around creating drawings that included diagrams, plans, 3d sections, and renderings.

25 16

26

27

28

[student work] seminars & studios

white paint top coat

carpet padding wood subfloor 2 x 10 fir joist wood board ceiling plaster

callout

window detail

sill plate

same window configuration as 2nd floor

same wall configuration as 2nd floor

student work | lexi smith fall 2016

arch2260 intro to building systems seminar same floor | ceiling configuration as 2nd floor

Gropius House | construction fieldstone foundation wall vapor | air barrier, drainage membrane rigid insulation board

wall section

flooring

2 x 4 fir gravel stop same configuration as roof brise soleil plaster soffit

reinforced concrete 2 x 4 fir stud footing

fiberglass insulation sheathing vapor | air barrier, drainage membrane redwood siding w/ white paint top coat

gravel waterproof membrane filter fabric fieldstone flooring rigid insulation board wood board rigid insulation board 2 x 10 fir roof joist wood board ceiling plaster

metal flashing added to prevent wood structure damage

top plate wood board steel lath w/ top coat plaster

cripple stud 4 x 8 fir header beam multiple studs [required] single pane window w/ steel frame top sill

carpet padding wood subfloor 2 x 10 fir joist wood board ceiling plaster

This course introduces fundamentals of building systems, and explores systems as means and manifestation of architecture in the world. Using this approach, students will study the interactions among natural forces, material properties, technological capabilities, human cultural values, and how these relationships give rise to architecture. The course considers a series of physical principles—including gravity, moisture, heat, light, and air—to reveal specific architectural possibilities and material responses.

This course will be taught within a thermodynamic system lens by understanding that energy and matter moves through buildings constantly. We will identify and analyze architecture and its changing dynamics and boundaries that operates on many different scales and systems. Through a combination of hands-on activities, demonstrations, seminal readings, and design exercises, students will explore the ways design shapes the interaction between materials and forces to provide for human safety, shelter, comfort and delight. The final project was an exhaustive system’s analysis of the Gropius House.

Gropius House | system diagram callout

ELECTRICITY

window detail

sill plate

FUEL (WOOD/GAS)

BUILDING MATERIALS

LABOR / CREATIVE SERVICES

ARCHITECTS ENGINEERS CONTRACTORS REAL ESTATE

same window configuration as 2nd floor WATER

GEOLOGICAL RAIN PROCESSES

BUILDING STRUCTURE

same wall configuration as 2nd floor same floor | ceiling configuration as 2nd floor

WATER SYSTEM

RAIN TREES

WASTE MANAGEMENT

SOIL SEPTIC SYSTEM

WIND

fieldstone foundation wall vapor | air barrier, drainage membrane rigid insulation board

FIRE

BIOMASS HVAC SYSTEMS HEAT

flooring waterproof membrane fieldstone flooring

INHABITANTS

SUN

reinforced concrete footing

pathway feedback loop heat sink

18

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

HEAT

rigid insulation board

metal flashing added to prevent wood structure damage

BUILDING SITE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT

LIGHT

Gropius House | climate analysis: Boston, MA temperature

monthly

annual

degrees (F)

temperature (°F)

90 80

58.7 44.1

70 60

low

dry bulb 9

40

winter

30

wet bulb 74

summer

maximum dry bulb minimum ground (av. 3 hts.) wet bulb dew point

10 0

dry bulb 88

average temperatures

20

inches

90

13.5

80

12

70

10.5

60

9

DEC

rainfall | snowfall 43.8“ 115 days rain

snow

50 40

30

4.5

20

3

10

1.5

average precipitation

0

N

340° mar

320°

0

snow rain

c de

300°

sky cover

OCT

MAR

sky cover

radiation 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250

BTU/ft2

mph 270°

radiation

SEP

APR

ma y

290° oct 286° annual

1240.8 BTU / ft2

feb 1.5

sky coverage (%) minimum

3 4.5

aug

240°

6 7.5

jan

9 10.5 12 13.5

BOSTON

v jul p no se

jun

maximum

AUG

MAY

average

radiation (BTU/ft2)

components

fir wood | framing

tree | sole component

redwood | siding

tree | sole component

fieldstone | foundation

fieldstone | sole component

E

derivation

not to scale

summer

month January February March April May June July August September October November December annual

CDD 0 0 0 0 0 60 155 155 155 31 0 0 556

80

12

70

10.5

60

9

50

7.5

40

6

30

4.5

20

3

10

1.5

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

solar

annual

sky coverage | radiation

HDD 279 168 155 90 124 0 0 0 0 0 120 248 1,184

DEC

JAN

NOV

sky cover

OCT

MAR

sky cover

%

annual

rainfall | snowfall 10.4” 43 days rain

0.0” 0 days snow

maximum minimum

average precipitation

rain

wind

speed | direction

250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250

300° dec 297° annua 290° aug l

1610.3 BTU / ft2

radiation 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

0

average humidities

winter spring summer fall annual

N

low: 15% av.: 52% high: 85%

FEB

BTU/ft2

mph

1.5

3 4.5

ja a fe n ju pr no b se l vo p ct ju mar n 6 7.5

9 10.5 12 13.5

E

SAN DIEGO

radiation

SEP

APR

sky coverage (%) minimum maximum

AUG

MAY

ay

m

230°

average

radiation (BTU/ft2)

JUN

average

Gropius House | heat transfer bris soleil This architectural element was chosen because it plays a vital role in shading the Gropius House. By allowing solar radiation deflection in the summer retention in the winter, the bris soleil acts as a cooling and heating system. This natural heat transfer control allows for more environmental efficiency within the building system.

January

July

silica sand soda

inches 13.5

0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

JUL

sources | closest & most energy efficient

wet bulb 58

maximum dry bulb minimum ground (av. 3 hts.) wet bulb dew point

average

JUN

Gropius House | material accounting materials

winter

cdd | hdd

winter spring summer fall annual

dry bulb 85

average temperatures

10

speed | direction 310° a

dry bulb 35

20

percentage

90

high

design temp (°F)

30

maximum minimum

wind

low: 19% av.: 57% high: 90%

FEB

average humidities

pr

%

57.5

60

6

annual

69.8

70

7.5

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

monthly

temperature (°F)

80

44.0“ 22 days

humidity | precipitation

annual

degrees (F) 90

40

JAN

NOV

JUL

glazing

monthly

50

sky coverage | radiation

HDD 1,116 952 899 600 217 0 0 0 30 341 690 961 5,806

temperature

annual

low

solar

cdd | hdd CDD 0 0 0 0 0 30 217 155 0 0 0 0 402

percentage

0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

month January February March April May June July August September October November December annual

monthly

high

design temp (°F)

50

Gropius House | climate alternative: San Diego, CA

humidity | precipitation

goal: solar radiation retention

goal: solar radiation deflection

quartz

Western U.S.

[sodium carbonate]

limestone

steel | lath, window frame & nails

brick | chimney

insulation | walls

mortar plaster | siding acoustical

iron ore coke limestone

radiation coal

clay shale silica sand fiberglass

portland cement sand water portland cement sand [thinner than mortar]

reflection

Pennsylvania silica sand limestone iron ore water binder

radiation

*Some materials available other places, but most appropirate are shown. E.g., clay isavailable virtually everywhere, but is indicated MA map beause it is the most logical sourcing spot.

Massachusetts

convection radiation

diffusivity

radiation

diffusivity reflection effusivity

silica sand limestone iron ore water

water

19

convection

New England

Gropius House

conduction

conduction

conduction effusivity

The Boston Public Library system seeks proposals to relocate the South End branch to a new site. This new branch library would have a larger collection of volumes and associated reading spaces. At the same time, the project would provide the open flexible spaces that are typical of the contemporary library program, which is increasingly less reliant on books.

This is a prominent location in the city, and historically, this intersection was considered the boundary between the South End and Roxbury.

The branch library should serve as a public space for all residents, especially the elderly and children, in addition to its role as a lendingFRONT facility. The main reading area and children’s ELEVATION area should be conceived as social spaces where users may or may not interact with lending materials. The main area will have computers, as well as some books and periodicals. In contrast, the secondary reading space is focused on private reading. Its associated stacks will have fiction, non-fiction, rare books on local history, and reference material. Part of this collection is supervised by a reference librarian.

The project also requires a multi-purpose space for public lectures, neighborhood meetings, community functions, and educational instruction.

SECTION 1 at It may also be an informal space times when specific events are not programmed.

Proposals should consider the many community roles of the branch library, as well as the potential users and constituents of this new facility.

SOLID VS VOID INITIAL VOLUMETRIC

PROGRAMMATIC ADJUSTMENT

BEND

CORE ATRIUM

student work | jonathan zoccoli fall 2017

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - PROF. PEEK LIBRARY SECTIONS SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0”

arch 2130 site, space, & program studio

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - PROF. PEEK LIBRARY SECTIONS SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0”

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - PROF. PEEK LIBRARY SECTIONS SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0”

FRONT ELEVATION

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - PROF. PEEK LIBRARY SECTIONS SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0”

FRONT ELEVATION

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - PROF . PEEK LIBRARY SECTIONS SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0”

FRONT ELEVATION FRONT ELEVATION

PROGRAM ATRIUM

SECTION 1

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE CIRCULATION DESK

SECONDARY READING GENERAL PROGRAM;

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

MAIN READING ROOM CHILDREN’S AREA MULTIPURPOSE SPACE OFFICES

SECTION 1 SECTION

1

This course is structured around analytical exercises and design projects intended to develop fundamental design skills – both intellectual and technical – including: site analysis and its application as an architectural design tool, spatial and tectonic composition, precedent analysis, programmatic conceptualization and elements of spatial planning.

CIRCULATION

SITE PLAN

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - PROF. PEEK LIBRARY SECTIONS SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0”

SECTION 2 SECTION 2 SECTION 2 SECTION

2

FRONT ELEVATION

20

SECTION 2

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - PROF. PEEK LIBRARY PLANS SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0”

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - PROF. PEEK LIBRARY MULTIPURPOSE DIAGRAM SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0”

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - PROF. PEEK LIBRARY PLANS SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0”

PLAN 4 PLAN 4

MAIN READING ROOM MAIN READING ROOM

PLAN 4

MAIN READING ROOM

PLAN 4

MAIN READING ROOM

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - ZOCCOLI PROF. PEEK JONATHAN LIBRARY SECTIONS ARCH 2130 - PROF. PEEK SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0” LIBRARY SECTIONS SCALE: 0’1/4” = 1’0”

PROGRAM ATRIUM MULTIPURPOSE SPACE CIRCULATION DESK SECONDARY READING GENERAL PROGRAM; MAIN READING ROOM CHILDREN’S AREA

PLAN 4

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE OFFICES

MAIN READING ROOM

CIRCULATION

SITE PLAN

PLAN 3 PLAN 3 PLAN 3 PLAN 3

FRONT FRONT ELEVATION ELEVATION

SECONDARY READING ROOM SECONDARY READING ROOM

SECONDARY READING ROOM

JONATHAN ZOCCOLI ARCH 2130 - PROF. PEEK LIBRARY CONCEPT DIAGRAMS SCALE: 0’1/16” = 1’0”

CIRCULATION AS SPACE

SECONDARY READING ROOM

SOLID VS VOID

PLAN 3 SECONDARY READING ROOM

INITIAL VOLUMETRIC

PROGRAMMATIC ADJUSTMENT

BEND

CORE ATRIUM

CHILDREN’S ROOM

PLAN 2 PLAN 2

CHILDREN’S ROOM

CHILDREN’S ROOM

GENERAL PROGRAM

PLAN 2

GENERAL PROGRAM CHILDREN’S ROOM

PLAN 2

GENERAL PROGRAM

GENERAL PROGRAM

CHILDREN’S ROOM

PLAN 2 GENERAL PROGRAM

CHILDREN’S ROOM

PLAN 1 PLAN 1

CHILDREN’S ROOM

CHILDREN’S ROOM

GENERAL PROGRAM

PLAN 1

GENERAL PROGRAM CHILDREN’S ROOM

PLAN 1

GENERAL PROGRAM

SECTION 1 SECTION 1

LINE R LINE SILVER SILVE SILVER LINE

GENERAL PROGRAM MULTIPURPOSE SPACE

PROGRAM

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE

ATRIUM

CHILDREN’S ROOM

SILVER LINE

PLAN 1

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE CIRCULATION DESK

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE

SECONDARY READING

GENERAL PROGRAM

GENERAL PROGRAM; MAIN READING ROOM CHILDREN’S AREA MULTIPURPOSE SPACE OFFICES

SILVER LINE

LOWER LEVEL LOWER LEVEL LOWER LEVEL LOWER LEVEL

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE OFFICE OFFICE MULTIPURPOSE SPACE

OFFICE OFFICE

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE

OFFICE BINDING ROOM BINDING ROOM BINDING ROOM

OFFICE OFFICE

OFFICE

BINDING ROOM

OFFICE

LOWER LEVEL

SITE PLAN

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE

OFFICE

BINDING ROOM

21

CIRCULATION

Family Unit Plan, Floor 1 Scale: 1/4” = 1’0”

N

Work-Live Unit Plan, Floor 1 Scale: 1/4” = 1’0”

student work | jacob zuch spring 2017

N

arch 1120 fundamental design studio

1

Exterior + Interior Axon Diagrams Scaled to fit 6

4

Family Unit Plan, Floor 2 Scale: 1/4” = 1’0”

N

2

Work-Live Unit Plan, Floor 2 Scale: 1/4” = 1’0”

N 5

Photo 4

Programmatic Axon Diagrams Scaled to fit

Photo 1 Photo 5

This continuation of the foundationals studio builds upon the various modes of architectural notation, analysis, investigation, and representation while beginning to develop each students mode of design methodology. The focus however is on fundamental design: the design of design, the conscious crafting of a design methodology rooted in and at the same time independent from the contingencies of a particular site, program and other preconditions. Students hone in out their communication, design thinking, investigative, precedental, and ordering skills while understanding accessibility, sustainability, site, community and social responsibility. This particular project from the second Work-Live & Family Units Section half of 1/4” the=semester after a series of analysis exercises Scale: 1’0” Work-Live & Family Units SectionPhoto 2 are presented to them (plan libre, raum plan, & service Scale: 1/4” = 1’0” vs. served). The students are to utilize these tactics of designs investigated and apply them to a simple living unit that will have a series of contingencies introduced challenging them. These contingencies may provoke new tactics or strategies to appear.

Family Unit Plan, Floor 3 Scale: 1/4” = 1’0”

N

3

Work-L Scale:

Site Plan Scale: 1/16” = 1’0”

N

Work-Live & Family Units Section Scale: 1/4” = 1’0”

22

40

1

Ground Floor Plan

student work | serena liang summer 2016

arch 1120 fundamental design studio

4

4

YSIZE XSIZE

1

Section 1 2

1

Ground Floor Plan 1/8"=1'0" Contingency CONTINGENCIES Serena Liang

3

First Floor Plan

snoxA

Serena Liang

Section 1 XSIZE YSIZE

Site Plan

4

4

3 3

CONTINGENCIES Serena Liang

2

1

Second Floor Plan

2

1

XSIZE YSIZE

Section 1

CONTINGENCIES Serena Liang

4

4

Section 3

Section 2 CONTINGENCIES Serena Liang

Diagram

Contingencies Serena Liang

3

2

1

Section 1

Section 2

Diagram

Contingencies Serena Liang

2

Section 2

1

1

SEICNEGNITNOC gnaiL anereS

Section 1 Section 3

Section 4

2

Section 2

23

42 Section 4

12

13

student work | nicolas nefiodow spring 2016

arch 1110 fundamentals of representation studio

14

15

B

14

A

15

A

B

14 14

15 15

B B

A

A

A A

A A

B

useum Stairs

B B

B

B

NATURAL LIGHT GLASS CONCRETE B B

A

A NATURAL LIGHT NATURAL LIGHT GLASS GLASS CONCRETE CONCRETE

B A A

A A

This semester of foundation studio introduces students to architectural representation as a form of documentation, Museumexperimentation Stairs and communication through a series of exercises in orthographic, axonometric and perspectival projection as well as physical of the In semester, modeling The and last digitalproject photography. this exercise Museum Stairs is an art gallery that exhibits calledThetheDaughters MuseumofStairs, begin Edwardstudents Darley Boit andintensive St. Luke Drawing on a Portrait of the Virgin Mary.“rooms” design iterations three sectionally different for viewings paintings with to these three its criteria Thistwo gallery is intended entertain visitors with an interesting includes in mind: design and represent apath stairthat to choreograph closed and open rooms, as well as a major stairmovement between thethethree spaces, design and case, which changes visitor’s perspective as he/she is climbing it. or deny introduction of represent apertures to permit light into There the spaces, and design and represent two are multiple openings that allow light into the building. are simplesequence winthresholds into and out from Some the particular dows, some are oculi on the roof and walls, and of spaces.

Throughout their iterations students pay some are indirect entrances of light, with the particular to which the disperse intended ‘perceptual use of attention lightshelves, light into the rooms, them lighter andPrecise free of diperformance’ of making their design proposal. decisions rect sunlight to protect the paintings. are linked to movement and views and becomes emphasized over symbolic or metaphorical narratives.

Decisions about the arrangement of spaces and the elaboration of elements build from a single (but not simplistic) story line for this project..

NATURAL LIGHT GLASS

16

CONCRETE

A

17

A

14

15

colas A. Nefiodow

Fundamental Architectural Representation

B B

Nicolas A. Nefiodow

Fundamental Architectural Representation

B

Nicolas Nicolas A. A. Nefiodow Nefiodow

Fundamental Fundamental Architectural Architectural Representation Representation

Nicolas A. Nefiodow

Nicolas Nicolas A. A. Nefiodow Nefiodow

Fundamental Architectural Representation

Fundamental Fundamental Architectural Architectural Representation Representation

Nicolas A. Nefiodow

Fundamental Architectural Representation

B

Nicolas A. Nefiodow

Fundamental Architectural Representation

Nicolas A. Nefiodow

Fundamental Architectural Representation

Spatial Diagram

16

17

Natural Light Diagram

16

Nicolas A. Nefiodow

Fundamental Architectural Representation

Spatial Diagram

on

Nicolas A. Nefiodow

am

24

Natural Light Diagram

Fundamental Architectural Representation

17

Nicolas A. Nefiodow

Museum Stairs

Fundamental Architectural Representation