CIQ & Moorfoot Area Action Plan

CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

CIQ & MOORFOOT AREA ACTION PL AN 2015-2030

CIQ MOORF OOT 1

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

CONTENTS Vision.....................................4 SECTION 1:

INTRODUCTION

Objectives............................... 6 History.................................... 9 Existing Policy.......................... 16 Area analysis.......................... 21 Transport & Connectivity.......... 28 Water Courses and Flood Risk.. 29 Heritage and conservation....... 30 Crime and Equity..................... 33 SECTION 2: POLICY Design Issues........................... 36 Transportation & Connectivity... 46 A High Quality Environment..... 52 Heritage and Conservation...... 67 Housing.................................. 72 Equity and Safety.................... 79 SECTION 3: IMPLEMENTATION Stakeholders........................... 84 Delivery and implementation.... 88 Monitoring and review............. 94 References.............................. 95

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AREA ACTION PLAN & OBJECTIVES

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

A new vision

Below sets out an overall vision for the CIQ and Moorfoot, which is to be achieved over the 15 year period of the AAP. The vision works to establish a clear direction and sets out an aspiration to be achieved: “The CIQ and Moorfoot will enhance its identity as a centre for creative, hightech and traditional industry developments, unceasingly building momentum as a nationally significant centre of excellence for knowledge and creativity. A distinguished feature of the quarter will be the blend of retained traditional industries and the newly established creative and high-tech industries. Already established as an area of creative industry, this identity will continue to grow through the facilitation of smaller start-up businesses in a location in which they can connect and thrive amongst like-minded industry experts. The reuse of character buildings within the site will help to preserve the quarter’s heritage whilst assisting with the generation of economy through adapting them to a well-designed business space for the creative and high-tech industries. The design of all new developments will be respectful to the conservation area and must be in keeping with the area’s architectural style and the industrial heritage of the CIQ will be echoed throughout the street furniture and public realm created to ensure the area maintains and enhances its character.

The CIQ and Moorfoot will integrate a mix of uses which act to catalyse activity throughout the day and night. The development of the area will work to move away from a student only residential population toward housing a population of creative workers and other city dwellers. Mixed-use residential developments within the quarter will be of high quality design and will reflect the innovative nature of the area. The encouragement of not only local employees but those key workers and residents who are able to utilise the area for its network resources including the nearby train station will assist in the creation of a vibrant 24-hour location which operates year round, not only during university term times.

High quality public realm improvements will contribute to the pull of the area and the integration of the CIQ and Moorfoot within the wider city centre. By creating attractive streets and open spaces; something which the area is currently short of, people will be enabled to relax and gather safely in public, enhancing the enjoyment of public life for visitors and residents. A shared community space will assist in promoting the CIQ and Moorfoot as a place to live, where there is space for activity and socialising. Well-designed interconnected green open space and a fully accessible porter brook waterway will assist in creating an environment dominated by pedestrian and cyclist movement.

Temporary uses will act as a stop-gap between development phases and vacant sites to attract investment and activity to the area. Along with new open space and public realm improvements temporary activation of sites within the area will allow the quarter to take the role of a shared event space for the entire city, connecting to the CIQ’s 1

Area action plan & objectives

existing cultural infrastructure of galleries and studio spaces. A variety of activities, events, fairs and markets will be held here to encourage people to experience the heritage rich quarter and the creative and high-tech industries that exist there. This will help to raise the profile of the area, ignite an interest for these industries and bring people back to the CIQ and Moorfoot.�

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

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Area action plan & objectives

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

“Sheffield has both an amazing art and music scene that opens a lot of doors for people working creatively... not to mention a variety of social spaces which have helped to start both friendships and work relationships.�

India Garry

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Area action plan & objectives

OBJECTIVES

Introduction

The following objectives will be used to achieve a new vision for the CIQ & Moorfoot: Enhance public realm throughout the area to: •

Produce an accessible environment which reduces car dependency and prioritises pedestrians and cyclists and provides coherence and linkages to the wider city centre

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Create a safe environment which can be accessed by all 24 hours a day through the use of appropriate lighting and signage.

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Encourage confidence amongst investors.

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Allow access to Porter Brook and maximise enjoyment of the waterway.

To ensure the development of quality green open space which acts as a shared community space to help boost community cohesion and maximise the number of visitors to the area. A greener CIQ will create a more pleasant environment and encourage cycling and walking around the quarter.

Maximise social equity throughout all elements of development by ensuring all housing is of a good quality, creating an environment which is accessible for all including those with disabilities and the elderly through considerate street designs and crossings. Developing a safe and secure area which can be safely accessed throughout different times of the day and working to create an interactive community.

To create a mixed-use quarter which works to entice people and businesses into the area by providing opportunities for city centre living through offering a mix of residential development sizes and tenures.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Promote sites by bringing forward the vacant and derelict land within the CIQ and Moorfoot to establish innovative and creative temporary uses, to attract investors and business opportunities. Use these vacant sites and new open spaces to host innovative and interactive events for the city, to introduce and reconnect people with the area.

To extend the current industry in the area by creating a regionally competitive creative and high-tech business hub within the CIQ by increasing employment and stimulating economic development to establish quality business infrastructure; this will contribute to the success of developing a 24 hour neighbourhood.

Retain the traditional industrial heritage of the CIQ to allow the distinctiveness of the area to create a unique destination for businesses, residents and visitors but allowing a modern edge to the quarter through the establishment and integration of new cultural industries.

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History

8 1853 Sheffield town plan

CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

HISTORY

In the early 17th century the area of the CIQ was known as Alsop Fields and was mainly used for agriculture. The lands were passed on to the Duke of Norfolk who initially used the area as a deer park. By the middle of the 17th century the area had been transformed into a profitable business enterprise (CIQ Conservation Area Appraisal, 2001). This consisted of farm land, collieries and metal working foundries.

Although very few historic aspects remain from this period the Porter Brook is a surviving element and has been re-routed several times through the area.

During the late 18th century the vision of the area was for an affluent residential quarter. Although this did not transpire, the area was transformed into an area for both residential and manufacturing. It was set out in a grid of service alleyways set in parallel to the main streets (CIQ Conservation Area Appraisal, 2001). Development of the area continued to include the combination of workspaces and dwellings throughout the area creating Little Mesters Workshops. By 1800 there were a considerable number of ‘back to back’ houses in the area for workers (CIQ Area Action Plan, 2000).

The construction of the Midland Main Line Station in 1870 put the CIQ in a prime location between the City Centre and Train Station.

From the 1850’s much of the larger scale industrial buildings were developed. The area was developed during the late 19th century and into the early 20th century and was home to many industrial workshops, these also contained residential areas for the workers. Larger industrial developments were also introduced during the early 20th century (Sheffield City Council, 2015).

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History

The area today

Introduction

In recent years the CIQ has suffered from much decline with the collapse or relocation of small scale industries and is now a transition area (Sheffield City Council, 2015).

The area suffered extensive clearance as a result of numerous road programmes.

Housing clearance programmes in the 1960's removed many of the 'back to back' houses (CIQ Conservation Area Appraisal, 2001). Much of the industrial character was lost during this period with a multitude of vacant sites being left, many of which remain empty today.

Despite the clearance that occurred the grid pattern which reflects the quarter's industrial origin still largely remains and there are clusters of significant industrial buildings which can be dated back to the early 19th century (Sheffield City Council, 2015). These buildings can be found around Arundel Street, Matilda Street, Sylvester Street and Mary Street (Sheffield City Council, 2015).

The quarter is partially disconnected from the city centre due to the road network however the northern part of the quarter retains a strong relationship with Sheffield Hallam University (Sheffield City Council, 2015).

As a city, Sheffield was dependent on the steel industry however with the post-war opening of global markets for heavy industry the decline of this industry became prominent leaving many skilled workers unemployed (Moss, 2002). There have been many attempts to rectify the consequences of this decline with much focus on the CIQ. The quarter has been renewed as a location for the cultural industries and to try and reintegrate the area into the city centre (Moss, 2002). In 1986 the area was formally designated as the CIQ as a local government initiative in the hope that the area would be able to stimulate employment in the cultural sector (Moss, 2002).

During this period the CIQ was already home to The Leadmill and Yorkshire Artspace Society, in 1986 Red Tape Studios opened providing a space for sound engineering businesses which included rehearsal rooms, recording and editing suites, and training (Moss, 2002). The Audio Visual Enterprise Centre opened in 1988, which provided rented facilities and offices to for those within the film and audio recording sector (Moss, 2002). The emphasis on the creation of jobs meant that little attention was given to consumption and consequently plans for retail outlets, cafe culture or cultural institutions which were open to the public were not introduced at this time (Moss, 2002).

In 1996 an Area Action Plan devised by the City Council identified some of the weaknesses of the CIQ in relation to other cities cultural quarters, in particular the neglect of the public realm, the failure to promote a public urban culture and the lack of public space were identified (Moss, 2002).

Since the mid 1990's there have been attempts to revitalise the area, for example, cafes 10

CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

were introduced within the Showroom Cinema and Site Gallery (Moss, 2002). Many vacant mills have been converted into accommodation to provide for professionals and students and the Cultural Industries Quarter Agency has been set up to overlook development of the area (Moss, 2002). Pedestrian zones at Charles Street and Hallam Square have assisted in reconnecting the quarter to the city centre (Sheffield City Council, 2015). Although there have been many attempts, some of which have been successful, there is still much that can be done to improve the quarter. The public realm within the area is poor and run down and requires improvement. Much of the street-scapes need improving as they are currently finished with poor quality materials such as asphalt, tarmac paving and concrete kerbs (Sheffield City Council, 2015). The only street furniture in the area is basic street lighting.

The new "Gold Route" from the railway station to the City Centre has introduced quality materials and public space right into the CIQ - this introduction can be further extended, helping to revitalise the CIQ and integrate it within the city centre (Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002).

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SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis

Introduction

Strengths •

Existing identity and character

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Good links with Sheffield Hallam University

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Some traditional industries remain adding to the character of the quarter

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Some significant buildings still remain within the CIQ adding to the character, these are: Butcher Works; Venture Works; Truro Works; 113 Arundel Street; Columbia Place; Sylvester Works; 92 & 92a Arundel Street; Sterling Works

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Excellent access to the train station and the Gold Route

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Located next to the city centre

Weaknesses •

The CIQ was not developed as a ‘mixed economy’ model as other major cities developed cultural quarters (Moss, 2002)as such many elements of this mixed economy have to now be introduced within a limited space

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Some areas have poor public realm

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Derelict buildings and vacant sites which are unattractive

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Lack of open space

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Many areas feel unsafe

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Lack of urban grain

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There are many fenced routes which are only available to students

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Streets are not often busy

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Opportunities •

Revitalise the area and expand upon the cultural and creative industries already existing in the area

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Open up the Porter Brook

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Improve the public realm

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Create better links to the city centre

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Attract a greater number of visitors

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Build upon the demand for housing within the city centre

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Development of provisions for education and training in specific skills and occupations

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Opportunity to house growing businesses in the area into appropriate spaces

Threats •

The emphasis on job creation has led to a CIQ which is mainly productionbased and as such the introduction of other facilities is limited by space and the current expansion of the city centre in other areas (Moss, 2002)

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The area could become dominated by development needs for students from Sheffield Hallam University resulting in more student housing in the area

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Disconnection from ring road

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Ebb and flow associated with a student population

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Poor urban form

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SWOT Analysis

The situation if we do nothing

Introduction

The CIQ and Moorfoot have huge potential but if left without any action taken to rectify the weaknesses of the area then the it will become highly undesirable: •

The existing cultural and high tech industries will decline;

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The area will continue to diminish with poor facilities, poor maintenance and no redevelopment;

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Many of the existing buildings are in a poor condition and require maintenance, but if left in this way they will detract from the area;

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The area will continue to develop for the demands of student housing at the expense of much of its existing character - this will also lead to an inactive CIQ and Moorfoot during the summer when students are no longer present in the area;

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The CIQ will be further cut off from the city center despite its proximity

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The CIQ will face pressure from the increasing development of modern retail including warehouses which will have a negative impact upon the urban grain

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

The CIQ’s Potential

The CIQ has the potential to contribute immensely to Sheffield’s economy providing education and employment for those within the creative and cultural industries. The area could become a vibrant 24-hour location which is desirable to live, work and visit. The CIQ can provide a place for the CDI within Sheffield to expand and thrive and make Sheffield one of the leading centres in the country. Given the CIQ’s prominent location between the train station and Sheffield city centre this provides the area with great possibilities to develop into an important and central part of Sheffield. There is a great opportunity to enhance the public realm and to better incorporate the Porter Brook within the CIQ to make a desirable and attractive location. By preserving and enhancing the historical aspects of the CIQ alongside the cultural industries it will provide a distinctive character and ensure that there is a true sense of place.

References: Cultural Industries Quarter Conservation Area Appraisal and Guidelines. 2001. [Online]. [Accessed 26 March 2015].

Available from: https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/dms/scc/ management/corporate-communications/documents/planning/conservation/conservation-areas/city-centre/CIQ-Conservation-Appraisal/CIQ%20Conservation%20Appraisal.pdf CIQ Area Action Plan. 2000. [Online]. [Accessed 26 March 2015]. Available from: http://www.integreatplus.com/ sites/default/files/CIQ_action_plan.pdf Sheffield City Council. 2015. Sheffield City Centre Cultural Industries [Online]. [Accessed 26 March 2015]. Available from: http://sccplugins.sheffield.gov.uk/urban_design/ pdf/part_4.3.pdf Moss, L. 2002. Sheffield’s cultural industries quarter 20 years on: What can be learned from a pioneering example?.

International Journal of Cultural Policy. 8(2): 211-219 THI Final Report. [Online]. [Accessed 26 March 2015].

Available from: https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/dms/scc/management/ corporate-communications/documents/planning/conservation/conservation-areas/cultural-industries/THI-Final-Report/THI%20Final%20Report.pdf

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Existing policy

EXISTING POLICY

Introduction

The following is an examination of existing policy which applies to the CIQ area: CIQ Action Plan 2000 Provides a framework for the physical, economic, social and cultural development of the area.

CIQ Conservation Area Appraisal and Guidance 2001 Seeks to define the special character of the CIQ Conservation Area, identify its core qualities and assess their significance - guidance helps to direct future development and restoration of the area.

Sheaf Valley Masterplan Draft 2006 Vision – Sees the Sheaf Valley become the technology and transportation hub of Sheffield. Through the combined strengths of the e-campus and the Sheffield Hallam University, as well as the link into the activity of the neighbouring Cultural Industries Quarter, the Sheaf Valley will become the focus of innovation, learning and development within Sheffield.

The e-campus will be designed as a series of striking contemporary buildings and landscaped open spaces linking into the activity of the neighbouring university.

Traffic will be adequately calmed to create clear and prioritised crossing points.

A strong and cohesive pedestrian environment will nurture a vibrant street level scene of pubs, bars and small shops, merging with the cultural life of the CIQ. Create a series of finer-grain pedestrian spaces leading from the Howard Street spine which feed into the university, e-campus and CIQ. Sheffield Economic Master Plan 2008

Sheffield City Centre Masterplan 2008

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The Universities: The city’s Universities are crucial to innovation, and overall competitiveness, and contribute in a number of different ways: Encouraging the genesis and development of new high technology, creative and cultural industries.

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The Creative and Digital Industries is one of Sheffield’s key sectors. CDI in Sheffield has grown 19% in the last 5 years with particularly strong growth in software consultancy, telecommunications and ICT. The Cultural Industries Quarter in the Sheaf Valley provides the focus for much of the city’s CDI activity.

This is now being extended substantially with the Sheffield Digital Campus.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

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Sheffield Core Strategy 2009 Policy CS 17 - identifies the CIQ as an area with a wide mix of uses which is established as the main location for the city’s creative and digital industries - it is identified as one of the key growth clusters for the economy of the City Region.

Sheffield Development Framework Core Strategy Adopted March 2009

Policy CS 15 - Development of cultural facilities that serve the city and wider region will be located in the City Centre where possible.

Policy CS 19 - The retention of arts and cultural facilities will be supported and new uses that relate to cultural activity will be encouraged, particularly in the Cultural Hub area around Tudor Square.

Policy CS 27 - Housing in the city centre - further expansion of City Centre living, with a mix of tenures and sizes of units, including affordable housing, will form part of a mix of uses within the CIQ. Policy CS 61 - Pedestrian Environment in the City Centre - A Pedestrian Priority Zone in which a high-quality environment will allow priority for the safe, convenient and comfortable movement of pedestrians within and through the area, will be established in the CIQ. Challenges for the future: Economic transformation - A key challenge in the face of decline of the older metal and related industries is to move from recent economic recovery to real transformation and to secure jobs for the future.

Reducing the need to travel - the city can be made to work more effectively if the distances people need to travel can be contained or reduced.

Sustainable design and development - Sheffield has the potential to generate much more of its own energy by sustainable means that reduce carbon emissions. The design and layout of buildings could contribute to a reduction in the consumption of energy and emission of greenhouse gases.

A city with character - Sheffield has a distinctive location, history and townscape and this is a further potential key to its transformation. The challenge is to protect and enhance the best of its buildings, townscape and urban setting.

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Existing policy

Sheffield Economic Strategy 2013

Introduction

The 2020 vision for Sheffield’s Economy is: Sheffield is a strong, sustainable, international economy driven by enterprise, innovation and knowledge. The city is known for its distinctive and high performing sectors, its unrivalled quality of place and its highly skilled workforce.

Key actions 2015 - unlocking the economic value of culture: a refresh of the CIQ is a major contributor to city vibrancy and national profile •

Cultural assets that bring vibrancy to the city region: Showroom workstation which includes one of the largest independent cinemas in Europe

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Creative and Digital industries - Sheffield has a developing cluster of creative and digital companies, characterised by an abundance of high performing homegrown businesses, micro start-ups and freelancers, combined with key inward investment from international market leaders. A vibrant CDI sector is crucial to the creativity and cultural diversity of the city - Our CDI industry is one of the highest value sectors in Sheffield and is set to grow significantly by 2020 in both GVA and employment.

Strategic Approach - Delivering a fit for purpose 21st century city centre. Sheffield’s city centre is vital to the future success of the city region, providing high quality retail, a strong cultural offer, a centre for knowledge based, professional services, creative and digital industries and an effective transport interchange. * Unlocking the economic value of culture - Culture and the creative economy are providers of jobs, drivers for the visitor economy and are vital in shaping the city’s identity and positioning it alongside other competitor cities across Europe

SHEFFIELD CITY CENTRE MASTER PLAN 2013

Sheffield City Centre Master Plan 2013 Consultation Draft May 2013

Vision - We will grow the three new Business Districts – the Central, Riverside and Sheaf Valley (including Cultural Industries Quarter) each with a differentiated appeal and distinctive setting.

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The Cultural Industries Quarter was established in the early 1990’s and has been an exemplar for many other cities. It has led the development of a significant and growing Creative and Digital sector in Sheffield employing at least 7,000 people, many in the Quarter. But it is now in need of a refresh and re-launch as many of its flagship institutions such as the Science Park, Workstation and Showroom are approaching 20 years old.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

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Digital Campus which offers higher grade managed incubation and move-on space to Creative and Digital businesses should be completed - also further investment in new creative industries studio/workspace as part of mixed development in the Brown St/Sidney St corridor including the Porter Brook North site adjoining the new University Technical College and the proposed mixed-use schemes further along Sidney St as well as potentially the former Leadmill Tramshed frontage.

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The new University Technical College at Porter Brook South in the CIQ will bring large numbers of school-age students into the City Centre to learn and train for careers in the Advanced Engineering, Manufacturing and Creative/ Digital sectors, adding a new source of energy to the Cultural Industries Quarter.

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Hallam University/Cultural Industries Quarter Hallam University has also prepared a new Campus Plan and is committed to further enhancements to the public realm.

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New housing development has been led principally by housing for students and young workers for private rental

Nesta The Geography of the UK’s Creative & High-tech Economies 2015 The UK’s economic future depends on the performance of its creative and high-tech industries. These are sectors where the UK is recognised as a world leader. They are innovative, fast growing, and offer jobs that are less likely to be automated, providing sustainable future employment.

The report shows that the creative and high-tech economy are large and rapidly expanding employers, with creative economy employment growing particularly swiftly. It finds that the creative economy is unevenly distributed around the country, and as a result calls for government policy to better support creative clusters across the UK.

THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE UK’S CREATIVE AND HIGH–TECH ECONOMIES Hasan Bakhshi, John Davies, Alan Freeman and Peter Higgs January 2015

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Existing policy

Introduction

Flood Risk - Technical Guidance to the NPPF Development must be directed away from risk areas or developed without increasing flood risk elsewhere.

Using the sequential test development should be steered to areas with the lowest risk, if it is not possible for the development to be located in zones with a lower probability of flooding, the exception test is required. For the exception test it must be demonstrated that the development provides wider sustainability benefits to the community that outweigh flood risk, informed by a Strategic Flood Risk Assessment and a site-specific flood risk assessment.

Resilient construction is favoured.

Water for Life and Livelihoods This plan is about the pressures facing the water environment in the Humber River Basin District and the actions that will address them.

Good development planning needs to consider a number of issues relevant to this plan, including housing locations, sewage treatment options, initiatives to reduce flow to sewage works, water efficiency measures and the reduction of nutrients from diffuse pollution National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) The NPPF outlines a number of policies relating to the vitality of town centres which can be applied to the CIQ. Policy 23 states that planning policies should be positive, promote competitive town centre environments and set out policies for the management and growth of centres over the plan period.

Policies 29 to 41 concentrate upon the promotion of sustainable transport. Safe and sustainable access to a site must be able to be achieved for all and all plans which generate significant movement should be located where the need to travel is minimised and sustainable transport nodes can be maximised. Policy 35 states that developments should be designed to give priority to pedestrian and cycle movements and have access to high quality public transport facilities.

Policies 126 to 141 focus upon conserving and enhancing the historic environment which is applicable to the CIQ area. Heritage assets should be recognised as being an irreplaceable resource and should be conserved appropriately. The desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness should be taken into account at all times.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

AREA ANALYSIS

“The area is great there is a lot going on but I think Sheffield as a whole could do with some life blown into it. The problem is people grow up way too soon in Sheffield, they marry early and have kids as a result it’s missed out on a major dance scene and some of the energy which comes from a lot of disposable income which other cities have.’

James Laundry for Hair

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Area analysis

Key Demographics

Introduction

The map represents the Sheffield 042G Super Output Area which closely correlates to the CIQ boundary. The data discussed within this section is taken from the 2011 census.

There is an overall population of 2, 410 residents and a total of 569 households within the census data area. The area is overwhelmingly dominated by those who fall within the 16-24 years category which corresponds with the nearby university campus and surrounding student accommodation developments. The graph represents an almost non-existent 45+ population, perhaps a consequence of the inner city area and lack of facilities available here (Office for National Statistics, 2013).

Overall 80.3% of CIQ residents are White British which is similar to Sheffield as a whole (80.8%). The Asian population amounts to 11%, with a lower Black and Mixed Race population (Office for National Statistics, 2013).

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

The area is dominated by households consisting of full time students. The small number of families residing within the quarter further suggests that perhaps the area is not desirable or suitable for those with young children which is perhaps a result of the large student population in the area. However the high number of students could be seen as being advantageous due to the high level of educational attainment within the CIQ which could mean they are able to contribute to the areas employment and the CIQ’s vision of being a cultural and high-tech industry quarter.

Overall 1,237 residents between 16-74 years are economically active within the CIQ and a close figure of 1,116 are considered to be economically inactive. Whereas this would be typically negative in other contexts, the vast majority (1,079) of those who are economically inactive can be explained by them being currently enrolled in full or part time university education (Office for National Statistics, 2013).

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All figure sources: Office For National Statistics (2013).

Area analysis

Introduction

Land uses The CIQ is a mixed-use area and there is no single dominant land use within the area. Despite there being no leading land use, residential properties, educational facilities, creative and high-tech industries are all distributed significantly throughout the CIQ. However there is a strong presence of vacant and derelict sites.

Open Space There is a distinct lack of quality community open space within the quarter. There are only two which could currently be considered as ‘open’. One of these spaces is situated by the Sheffield Hallam Students Union however this is neither green nor acts as an inviting shared space. In front of the Showroom Cinema there is a small green area however this space is too small to be utilised properly by the community.

The majority of green space is also located around car parking and peripheral sites and does not act as a valuable space for the community and visitors

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Car Parks There are a large number of open, ground level car parking spaces distributed throughout the site. Many of these are located in prominent locations such as by the Students Union and by the site boundaries meaning that they are one of the initial sites viewed by those entering the CIQ. Although car parking is a necessity, the large quantity reduces the space available for other economic activities which could contribute to the character of the area.

Retail

There are fewer retail units across the quarter than would be expected within an area so close to the city centre. Those that are present are so within the Moor Foot in the South-West of the CIQ. However this lack of retail development is due to the close proximity of the actual city centre meaning there is less demand for retail to be extended to the CIQ. The retail that does exist is generally of a low quality and situated within large, stand-alone units. This includes Decathlon and Wickes stores which also offer on-site parking.

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Area analysis

Introduction

Accommodation

Residential developments are one of the major land uses within the CIQ and are predominately located around the Leadmill Triangle and along St Mary’s Road.

Student only accommodation consumes a large percentage of these developments due to the nearby university campus. They are typically four to five storeys and situated around a courtyard. Many are mixed-use and include office space on the ground floor.

Vacant Land

A large number of vacant and derelict sites are distributed throughout the site but are mainly concentrated around the area of Suffolk Road which borders the site and there is a large parcel of vacant land next to the rail station. Due to the significant location of these vacant sites it is critical they are addressed through the AAP as it may have a negative impact upon those entering the CIQ via car through this route and those accessing the site via the train station which some of these vacant buildings are close to. However the majority of these vacant sites are old industrial buildings therefore offer some merit in regards to local heritage and conservation. There are also further vacant sites situated along the Porter Brook on Sidney Street.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Education

Educational facilities are concentrated towards the North of the area and they are predominantly owned by Sheffield Hallam University. The university is committed to concentrating the vast majority of its developments to the city centre campus which is the reason for the presence of these educational uses within the CIQ. The residential properties in the north of the quarter serve the students who use the university.

Creative and High Tech Industries

The CIQ has become home to a number of thriving digital and creative industries.

The majority of these are small, independent businesses and include galleries, design and architecture consultants, music and web-based technologies. These are distributed throughout the quarter and are key to the cultural development of the city and the distinct character of the area.

All image sources: Author’s own

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Area analysis

TRANSPORT & CONNECTIVITY

Introduction

Pedestrian Access

The area is located by the Sheffield Gold Route which takes visitors from Sheaf Square, the Sheffield Station gateway, to the University campus via Howard Street which is a traffic free route. Public realm is generally good here however improvements regarding accessibility for disabled and elderly groups could be implemented due to the steep gradient of Howard Street and at the crossing outside of the train station.

The student accommodation located on Arundel Street, Shoreham Street and Matilda Street provide opportunities for high quality pedestrian access. Although the walking environment within the North Arundel Street area is of a decent quality, further public realm enhancements would provide a safer pedestrian environment particularly in terms of lighting and seating. However the South of Arundel Street, Sylvester Street and Sidney Street are the most neglected of the CIQ’s streetscapes and must be improved in order for the area to take advantage of its potential for pedestrian movements. The site boundaries are defined by the large ring road which discourages walking within these areas.

Cycling Access

The map shows that the designated cycling paths/lanes throughout the CIQ are limited and are incoherent in their patterns. They are mainly located around the site periphery and are lacking within the central CIQ site. There is much potential for additional cycling provision throughout the quarter and this should be a key action area.

Vehicular Access

The Ring Road which borders the CIQ area provides the primary road for car users.

This limits the level of pedestrian and cycling activity around these areas due to the heavy traffic which uses these roads. Many of the roads in the area are also one way such as Charles Street and Arundel Lane. Although this limits vehicle movement within the CIQ allowing better pedestrian access, it also causes accessibility issues for vehicle owners and issues for businesses who are relying on commercial vehicles.

All image sources: Author’s own

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

WATER COURSES AND FLOOD RISK

The Porter Brook River flows through the CIQ and is a key aspect of the site which should be opened up for public access.

The South of the CIQ is considered to be a flood risk area with it being mainly categorised within flood zone 3a indicating there is a high probability of flooding occurring here once a century. Floodplain 3a (i), by the station is expected to be more susceptible to flooding with a risk of flood once every twenty years. Flood risk has originated from the narrowed and culverted Porter Brook which has seen it be transformed from its natural state.

Flood risk assessment must be taken for any proposed developments in these flood risk zones. Risk must seek to be reduced through relocating development to lower risk areas and creating flood plains and the allocation of more vulnerable uses such as essential infrastructures will require an exception test before development is allowed.

Map source: Sheffield City Council (no date)

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Area analysis

HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION

Introduction

The CIQ Conservation Area was designated in February 2001 as a consequence of its special historical and architectural interest. The conservation area is spread across the majority of the CIQ; it covers an area of 24 hectares, bound by Eyre Street/ Arundel Gate, St Mary’s Road, Leadmill Road, Fornham Street, Suffolk Road and Howard Street/Surrey Lane. This area has been divided into six character areas. This area of the city originally played a pivotal role in Sheffield’s industrial development and a vast number of small scale steel and cutlery businesses were located here (Sheffield City Council, 2001).

There are a total of nine listed buildings across the quarter and many others that are of historic importance due to their representation of Sheffield’s industrial heritage and development. These buildings together with the grid street patterns enhance the areas special character and it should be ensured that this is preserved.

The area has experienced a number of regeneration projects to assist with the repair and reuse of some of the CIQ’s most significant buildings including Butcher Works (grade 2* listed) and Sterling Works (grade 2 listed). It is important that other buildings in the area which are not listed and may be in disrepair but hold special historical and architectural merit and meaning should be respected and any development which is completed should be sensitive to this. Lessons can also be learnt from restoration schemes such as Butcher Works when dealing with other sites within the CIQ. For example the Laycock & Sons site situated on Suffolk Road is a former industrial 30

CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

building which offers potential due to its Ring Road location and could be restored to retain this industrial heritage (Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002).

Listed buildings within the CIQ: • Sterling Works • 113 Arundel Street • Truro Works • Colombia Place

• • • •

92 & 92a Arundel Street The Butcher’s Wheel Sylvester Works Venture Works

Arundel Street is considered to be one of the most ‘intact’ character areas in regards to its build form with a concentration of listed and character buildings towards the North of the street. The peripheral areas have experienced the highest level of historical building stock loss due to factors including road building schemes.

All image sources: Author’s own

31

Area analysis

“The problem is it’s just so empty at night, walking through a car park after a night on the town to get home is risky because there’s no one else in the area and I don’t think many people live there especially not in summer.”

Antonia Cellar Student Introduction

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

CRIME AND EQUITY

CIQ Crime Map (November 2014)

From February 2014 to January 2015, 818 crimes were recorded within the CIQ and Moorfoot area, with an average rate of 68 crimes every month. From February 2014 to January 2015, 48.8% of recorded crime was Anti-social behaviour (427) and 10.7% is violence and sexual offences (94). Other crime types were shoplifting (7.8%), criminal damage and arson (5.4%).

33

Area analysis

SECTION 2 POLICY

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

“I like the grime, the graffiti and the crumbling buildings it wouldn’t be the CIQ without it, I know something is going to have to be built there at some point but it needs to be done in such a way that it doesn’t lose its soul” Peter Jackson-Horner

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Design Issues

DESIGN ISSUES

Good design can attract people, investment and activity to a place, yet needn’t stifle development.

It is only through a genuine understanding and celebration of the CIQ and Moorfoot’s distinct character within the city in terms of their dynamic heritage and culture, that the areas can set themselves apart as destinations within the city. This area action plan builds on the city’s commitment to respect and enhance this local character. Contemporary buildings should aim to be respectful neighbours to the CIQ’s past representing the next phase of the area’s development. The CIQ and Moorfoot now need to focus on repair and recovery of its urban grain to develop a continuous and attractive townscape which delights the visitor. Further development should continue to maintain the area’s image as a cultural centre within Sheffield through the incorporation of public art and spaces for performance into the urban fabric. The area should become a test-bed for artistic expression curated by an active management team who will facilitate the design of temporary programs, which will enliven the quarter during its development.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Character Areas

The diagram below, shows ten notional sub areas within the quarter that have different characters, these are in part defined by the Urban Design Compendium and partly in terms of street-scape, urban form and development goals set in the previous Area Action Plan.

Arundel Street Listed in the Urban Design Compendium as comprising of a group of historic works and small-scale domestic buildings. The area is industrial in character with red brick buildings of similar scale developed on a regular grid street pattern. It houses some of the cities best kept heritage buildings as well as contemporary interpretations of historic typologies. Street furniture is minimal and consistent and use of quality materials sets the street apart as a functional yet inviting space, which has been activated by events such as peddlers market.

Mary Street Contains several unlisted 19th century red brick works buildings. Some buildings back on to the Porter Brook with many of the more interesting buildings hidden behind later street fronts. This street is characterized by its historic cobbled road yet other materials on the street are of poorer quality and are poorly maintained. Mary Street has an unrealized relationship with the Porter Brook and suffers in not being contained, by a continuous urban grain.

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Design Issues

The Gold Route

Design Issues

High quality urban realm described in the Urban Design Compendium as a primary route into the city, it is dominated by Sheffield Hallam’s Owen building and the station yet also comprises of underutilised university grounds along Howard Street which could potentially be restored to reflect their historic urban grain.

Patternoster Row Houses many of the Quarters cultural buildings such as The Showroom and Workstation, the Site Gallery and Persistence Works yet some building stock is of poor quality. The area is also dominated by some of the thematic urban design and street furniture of the former National Centre for Popular Music which has since aged, and does not reflect the materials and street furniture palette as set out in the Urban Design Compendium thus appearing irrelevant and dated.

Leadmill Triangle West Conversion of historic building stock and the building of new student accommodation has established this as a residential complex in the quarter. Contemporary building stock is of a low material quality and poor designs while the areas flooding risk has left many with inactive blank facades at ground level. The area benefits from ring road’s urban design materials pallet yet suffers from the quantity and discontinuity of signage and street furniture.

Leadmill Triangle East Dominated by out of town style retail warehouses and derelict and industrial buildings the area offers fresh opportunities for development. It is however detached from the quarter through the ring road and gyratory. Along with poor development, the area is also detracted from by cumbersome signage and unnecessary street furniture.

The Ringroad

Dominance of street furniture in Leadmil triangle east detracts from the area.

As set out in the Urban Design Compendium, the Inner Ring Road requires a different and high standard of urban design to match its taller buildings yet crossings are of a low grade and therefore deter permeation to the wider area. The ring road also facilitates warehouse retail units which require large car parks along with slip and service roads which fragment the urban grain and contribute further to a feeling of exposure.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Norfolk grid south This area is still largely underdeveloped made up of 1-3 story industrial buildings, a number of derelict properties and large car parks, which utilise empty plots. Although the Norfolk grid affords some continuity in the urban grain, not all properties respect the building line contributing to a messy street frontage which is not characteristic of the more successful parts of the quarter such as Arundel Street. Materials are of a poor quality and poorly maintained. Street furniture is minimal.

Moorfoot Moorfoot stands as an island landlocked between the ring road, Arundel Gate, Charter Row and the Moorfoot building to the north. Buildings enjoy some quality of materials but clutter from street furniture, such as car parking gates and the domination of the Wickes car park to the south, which makes the public route between buildings seem hostile to pedestrians.

Eyre Street The area boasts some dense high quality buildings and quality materials yet also houses small industrial units, which contribute little to the street. The site of a former major road makes it feel exposed and retains low grade crossings and street furniture. This makes the area feel like a hinterland between the CIQ and the Moor disconnecting the quarter from the city.

Policy D1 - Development Framework Given the large scale changes which are about to take place, a coherent development framework is needed. T his should encourage variety and be capable of accommodating a diver sity of development interests to promote character in townscape and landscape by responding to and reinforcing locally distinctive patter ns of development, landscape and culture yet rectify the problems mentioned above. A local development framework, will for m the basis for the area’s proposed development in such a way that allows emergent architectures to build on the merits of recent development. Upon adoption of the Action Plan, a development framework may be developed to become Supplementar y Planning Guidance, in which designer s must outline the development’s link to context and asses it ag ainst the parameter s set out in the development framework.

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Barriers and street furniture make Moorfoot appear hostile to pedestrians.

Design Issues

Character

Design Issues

Maintaining a commitment to enhancing the celebrated character of the CIQ and Moorfoot through its urban fabric is a key imperative of the Area Action Plan. The area’s built character rests on its heritage building stock and the quality of materials used in contemporary interventions along with unique details, which reflect the quarter’s vibrant artistic community. Future development should aim to respect this built context by learning from the successes of its past to drive forward new innovations in contemporary design which is both of its place and of its time.

Innovative and imaginative design should be encouraged to sit alongside and compliment historic building stock to create a unique architectural identity, which reflects the character of the area and its people. However, care should be taken to ensure the impact of these buildings is not diluted by over exploitation of similar architectural styles or concepts. Existing buildings and open spaces of historic or architectural merit must be conserved and enhanced, with new buildings encouraged to be sympathetic and complimentary of their context. Vacant buildings should be reused in sensitive character areas such as Arundel Street and Mary Street; while the retention of modern factory developments will be supported if refurbished to a standard of design to ensure they do not impact negatively on the area and are flexible and adaptable to change with market demand.

Building materials should be sensitive to the qualities exhibited in character areas yet also appropriate in terms of what can be produced locally with low embodied carbon. Previous action plan guidance suggested the use of brick and stone yet this resulted in the use of poor quality materials, which had little resemblance with the area’s heritage building stock. Instead complimentary materials may be used such as those with a matching or complimentary colour tone such as corten or coloured lime renders, texture such as bricks in darker colours or in different stretches or scale such as horizontal timber cladding. These should be sourced locally and from sustainably managed resources whenever possible.

Poor example of public art retrofitted to a building demonstrating a thematic and pastiche local identity

Richness of detail is particularly important at ground level where people see it close at hand, where the choice of materials and significant meaning can add interest and aid legibility. The CIQs historic building stock already benefits from this richness of detail through signs and reliefs, care needs to be taken in the reuse of industrial buildings to restore authentic detailing. These details also exist informally through street art from murals painted across entire blank wall faces to small interventions using mosaic tiles to create 8-bit game characters. These details reflect some of the magic of the quarter whilst the most successful pieces of public art generally have a local basis which engages the community. If this spirit of place is to be continued as the area passes into its next stage of development, cultural identity should be incorporated into new development from inception rather than retrofitted as has been done previously.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Policy D2a - Context New developments should exhibit an acknowledgement of context and aim to compliment the quarter’s historic building stock with contemporary architecture.

Evidence of a building’s acknowledgement of context will be required in a design statement. Conceptual themes governing the design of a development in relation to context must not be overused or overtly thematic.

Overtly thematic design soon looks dated and irrelevant

Policy D2b - Reuse Reuse of old and recent industrial buildings will be favoured yet conversion should demonstrate flexibility of use. Conversion will be completed to a sufficiently high standard which is complimentary of future high density development. Demonstration of flexibility of use will be expected in a design report to accompany a change of use while permission may be refused if it is thought to detract from the area.

Policy D2c - Material sourcing Materials should compliment the existing building stock either through tone, texture or scale in order to promote locally and sustainably sourced materials with low embodied carbon. Design statements should demonstrate an ambition to source materials from BES6001 certified suppliers and demonstrate an ambition to source materials as locally as possible.

Use of appropriate materials which complement the scale and hues of brick.

Policy D2d - Details Reuse of historic buildings should be accompanied by the restoration of appropriate building details. If a site is to be redeveloped and details are deemed of merit they should be retained and incorporated into future building design.

Policy D2e - Public art Public art or imaginative detailing should be incorporated into the design of buildings from an early stage. Design reports should show evidence that public art or imaginative detailing has been incorporated into the design and is visible from the street. Art which appears contrived will not be accepted yet temporary installations will be accepted providing a detailed management strategy is in place.

Detailing of historic buildings add character (Source from: http://farm1.static.flickr. com/78/177297604_d813e3b8e7_m.jpg)

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Design Issues

Continuity and enclosure

Design Issues

Continuity and enclosure are key to creating a consistently high quality urban realm which is comfortable for people and capable of giving strong image to the quarter.

This involves addressing the fragmentation of the urban grain alongside negotiating appropriate building heights and density in order to restore the human scale streets associated with the CIQ and give the area a distinguishable skyline.

Key design principles have strengthened the area’s distinctive urban form: the street grid, inner courtyards and lanes connect with the past in the CIQ’s fully developed core area which forms the public face of the quarter. Yet character areas, such as the ringroad do not benefit from the enclosure of continuous urban grain due to warehouse style retail. Resultantly these character areas feel exposed and disconnected from their context acting to confuse routes into the quarter.

Building massing should also promote an adequate sense of enclosure, rough guides on building heights in relation to the street are given in part 3.2 of the Urban Design Compendium which suggests streets should be roughly half the building height in the Norfolk grid. It is for this reason that this character area appears underdeveloped despite being made up of a number of active 1-3 story industrial buildings. While tall developments like Velocity Tower seem to fit their context due to the width of the ringroad, it is therefore important that building heights and densities are in proportion with their surroundings.

The massing of development contributes to a distinctive skyline for the area, yet it is important that development respects the assets of Sheffield’s cityscape. The character of a skyline is composed of the massing of blocks and the shape of roofs, as well as by the height of buildings. Yet the CIQ suffers from problems outlined in section 3.2 of the Urban Design Compendium with wide tall buildings at the base of the Valley which flatten the skyline.

Sheffield’s tall building strategy suggests a predominant scale of 4-6 storeys while infill developments should respect the existing building line, these will generally be 3-5 storeys. The UDC part 3.2 also reveals there is some scope to introduce taller buildings at Howard Street, Granville Square and Moorfoot, which should improve the urban experience and legibility of the city.

Buildings further along Arundel street fill the urban grain yet aren’t tall enough to offer enclosure

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Policy D3a - Continuity Buildings should attempt to restore the areas historic urban grain in such a way that respects existing view corridors, and reinforces existing connections or makes new ones where feasible. This should be done alongside taking advantage of, and reflecting existing topography, landscape features, wildlife habitats, building lines and existing buildings. Buildings, which do not respect the urban grain or follow the building line unless to provide public open space will be refused permission.

Policy D3b - Enclosure Schemes should respond to the scale of their surroundings unless it is of detriment to other schemes in the area. Tall buildings will be accepted where they compliment the scale of the surrounding street but not if they overshadow other buildings for over half of the day.

Policy D3c - Skylines A building should only stand out from the skyline if it contributes positively to views and vistas as a landmark of civic importance. Very tall buildings will be permitted in the suggested tall building areas or on alternative sites if it is proven not to negatively impact on the skyline, on the condition that they are tall and narrow and do not flatten Sheffield’s cityscape.

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The CIQ and Moorfoot skyline

Design Issues

Management, leadership and Meanwhile use

Design Issues

The success of design policy is dependent on proactive and effective management.

This begins with the management of the urban realm and the maintenance of materials but should continue to marketing the area, building networks between businesses and consulting with residents on the future of the area’s growth as a service to developers. This should be done while utilising the available space in the face of market inactivity to curate events and programs which will enliven the quarter in order to facilitate growth.

Management and maintenance regimes of the streets and public places are required to maintain high quality public spaces, encourage their use and add to their vibrancy.

Proposals for improvements to the public realm should be considered in a holistic way, taking account of the lifetime of the project in terms of initial investment and levels of on-going maintenance. Maintenance plans for the public realm are given in part 5.2 of the UDC yet for new interventions such as public art or alternative materials new management strategies will have to be set up.

In the previous CIQ Area Action plan, the CIQ Agency was set up to provide business support measures, marketing assistance and to strengthen linkages with newer businesses such as artists and designers. With some parts of the area away from the CIQ core still in transition there is arguably still a need for such an agency. With new challenges and an already active network of creative industries in the quarter this role may now have changed and should focus on marketing the quarter both to and on behalf of developers. This agency could make use of creative marketing techniques such as meanwhile uses, public art and events to enliven the quarter and engage with potential markets and communities during its continued development.

A new or renewed CIQ Agency would also benefit from working further to introduce creative industries to empty building stock. Creative and Digital Industries tend to be attracted to places where office space is cheap with many of the most well established digital and creative enterprises in the quarter still inhabiting formerly empty industrial buildings, appropriated through sweat equity. The CIQ Agency could fulfil its old role in providing business support, education and training to those businesses in order to help raise funds for events, while negotiating peppercorn rent or free meanwhile use of some of the area’s empty commercial building stock such as S1 city gate. In this way the new or renewed CIQ Agency becomes something closer to a meanwhile use facilitator while completing its initial role of creating marketable activity in the area.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Policy D4a - Management Any material or intervention not suggested in the Urban Design Compendium will need to be feasibly maintained or temporary. Proposed materials require a maintenance strategy to assess whether maintenance is feasible. If it is deemed not to be feasible interventions will be given temporary permission.

Policy D4b - Leadership and Marketing Funds will be made available to a renewed or new CIQ Agency to market development sites to developers, investors and buyers by employing creative marketing strategies. A secondary role of this organisation is to promote meanwhile use by providing training, support and networking opportunities to practitioners and negotiating reduced or peppercorn rents on office or event space in order to create attractive activities in the quarter. These funds will be paid for through developer contribution and loaned through SCC regeneration funding, along with admin fees from practitioners using ‘meanwhile’ office or event space. It is to be accountable to developers and the SCC.

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Transport and Connectivity

TRANSPORTATION & CONNECTIVITY

A successful neighbourhood offers regular and accessible connections via public transport and provides priority to the pedestrian and cyclist. Therefore within the CIQ and Moorfoot, there will be a focus on ‘putting the pedestrian first’ by reducing car dependency and providing safe access to all to assist with the creation of a 24 hour neighbourhood. Although the area will not be strictly ‘anti-car’ as it is unnecessary to ban private vehicles from the area, a hierarchy of pedestrians over the private car will be followed. New developments must also minimise congestion and not rely upon car access and dependency to the site.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Public Realm of Pedestrian Networks The location of the CIQ and Moorfoot as a part of the city centre area will be utilised by establishing high quality public realm pedestrian environments which are well sign posted and well lit to encourage movement from the city centre to the quarter. The creation of legible routes also needs to work with strong physical connections, the lack of which contributes to the quarter’s feeling of separation from the city. Eyre Street and Arundel Gate are well located but would benefit from spanning the width of the road, being wider and raised to the same level of the pavement as a statement of prioritising the pedestrian.

Pedestrian Crossing and Bridge Improvements These improvements will be made to increase footfall to the CIQ and make it part of a well-integrated city centre area. Particular attention shall also be given to Charles Street and Furnival Street due to the opportunities they provide for better linkages to the main city centre area. There is a particular need for improved public realm including the implementation of CCTV cameras for pedestrians along the South of Arundel Street, Sylvester Street and Sidney Street which have some of the most neglected streetscapes within the quarter. Again, this will assist in the creation of a neighbourhood which is accessible to pedestrians 24 hours a day. The steep gradient of Howard Street means that the elderly and disabled may find this difficult to use therefore public realm improvements to Charles Street and Furnival Street could allow these users an alternative route around the quarter. Here, seating and high quality landscapes will create a pleasant pedestrian environment.

Policy TC1 - Pedestrian safety Public realm will be enhanced throughout the streets of the CIQ and Moorfoot to encourage pedestrian activity and prevent car dependency.

The use of CCTV cameras, landscaping, sign posting, benches and facilities for the less-abled will allow the area to become more accessible for pedestrians of all ages and abilities at all times of the day. It will also encourage movement throughout the area and from the city centre to the site to ensure that it is well integrated with the wider city centre area. Improvements of Eyre Street and Arundel Gate will be made to prioritise pedestrians.

Policy TC2 - Connections The construction of additional pedestrian crossings, particularly from Hereford Street to Charlotte Road, will allow safer and more accessible pedestrian access to the CIQ. These crossings will be concentrated along the periphery of the quarter where congestion is a barrier to those travelling around the area by foot and will be installed so they are accessible to both the elderly and disabled. The bridge from Turner Street leading to Sheaf Park will also see improvements to promote connections from this area to the CIQ. 47

Shared Space - New Road, Brighton – Skyscrapercity.com 2015

Transport and Connectivity

Cycling Links

Transportation

& Connectivity

It is necessary that improvements are made to the existing designated cycling routes distributed across the CIQ. The route throughout the area is currently disjointed and incoherent, running mainly around the periphery of the site. The entire quarter will be made permeable to cycle access and signed suggested routes will be spread across the quarter. There will also be an increase in cycle park facilities and any new developments will be required to provide these to users.

Policy TC3 - Cycling New advised cycle routes will be introduced throughout the quarter to expand on those that are already designated. These will be designed to improve cycle movement around the area and will be concentrated within the inner quarter rather than on the periphery as they are at present. Cycle storage will also be improved across the area and new developments will also be required to provide for cyclists and encourage cyclist activity.

Car Parking

A number of specific sites within the area have a large number of car parks, which have been introduced onto vacant ground level locations. Along Eyre Lane there are numerous examples of this that undermine the existing character of the CIQ and Moorfoot and are insensitive to the designated Conservation Area. The city centre periphery location of the quarter means that these car parks are demanded by train users, workers and those using the city centre facilities. Parking provision is a necessary requirement for the area however this surface parking retains valuable space, which could be utilised for new developments to help improve the area. Additional car parks will not be required over the period of the AAP as the periphery retail units offer their own parking spaces, there is a large multi storey car park which neighbours the station for commuter use and the central CIQ area is well served. Therefore there is potential for a small number of ground level parking sites to be opened up for development. The reduction in parking spaces will also help to reduce commuter car traffic, help to prioritise pedestrians and encourage sustainable transport methods.

Those which remain must be well-maintained in terms of public realm and must be as sensitive to the Conservation Area as possible.

Policy TC4 - Parking provision

(Source from: Hackney Cyclist, 2014) Hackney Cyclist, 2014, Hackney Road Available from: http://hackneycyclist.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/hackney-road.html [Accessed: 17 April 17, 2015]

Car parking provision should be reviewed across the entire CIQ and Moorfoot area and where found to be in less demand, the site should be considered for alternative development which is in line with the AAP. Poorly maintained parking sites should be improved where security is poor and appearance is not in keeping with the character of the area. This AAP does not endorse any proposals for additional car parking space 48

CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

49

Transport and Connectivity

50

CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

These“These buildings buildings make a make great contribution to Sheffield and are in a great use and contribution enjoyed byto a lot Sheffield of people. Is these buildings and people are andforced are into usemove and enjoyed from thebyarea a lotit will have a detrimental affect on the of surrounding people. If these areas.buildings and people are forced to move from the area it will have a detrimental affect on the surrounding areas.�

James Richards

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

High quality environment

A HIGH QUALITY ENVIRONMENT

The Public Realm is defined as the ‘space between buildings’ – the streets, spaces and movement corridors which form the framework for our use and perception of a city (Sheffield City Council, 2015). A high quality public realm improves the legibility, attractiveness and enhances the experience of citizens and visitors alike.

The Peace Gardens is an example of a wellused space in the heart of Sheffield. It is used by people to relax and gather on the grass or benches during the summer and is home to a number of temporary uses throughout the year (Sheffield City Council, 2015).

(Source from top to bottom: Skyscrapercity, 2014; Sheffield City Council, 2008; Sheffield City Council, 2008, Sheffield City Council, 2008)

At present, the public realm is poor in many areas of the CIQ and Moorfoot, locals and visitors deserve a high quality public realm and public space. The AAP addresses this deficiency by focusing upon public realm to create a coherent network of spaces and the development of a vibrant open space to support a variety of activities. Improving the quality of the public realm is a crucial objective and will also see the improvement of the Porter Brook; a significant water course which runs through the area. It is a unique feature and a valuable source for the CIQ , but is currently in poor condition therefore enhancing the river corridor quality whilst working to manage flood risk is a key aspect of this AAP. 52

CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

“Demolition in favour of flats or yet more car parking will only contribute further to the generic look of the city centre and significantly harm Sheffield’s ability to attract investment and retain cultural capital” Jack Rhoden

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High quality environment

Overview of the Public Realm

A high quality

environment

At present, a significant weakness of the CIQ is the lack of public open space, such as squares, parks or play areas. There is only one small open space site next to Sheffield Hallam Student’s Union but it is underused and it does not offer a welldesigned communal space. A significant number of sites identified within the CIQ are occupied by car parking which are prominently located alongside the Porter Brook. Whilst the activity and vibrancy of the North of Arundel Street close to the Sheffield Hallam University Campuses is a positive feature this should be expanded to the whole of the street and quality public realm should be used to do this. Overall the green and open space within the CIQ is located on periphery areas and is too small to offer any real potential. There is a common feature of there being a lack of function for any of this land and the AAP shall address this issue.

Policy ENV1 General Principal It is recommended that the public open space and movement networks are emphasised through the highest quality design, all of the public realm within the CIQ will require carefully considered landscape design which is sensitive to the area’s distinct character.

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

Local Distinctiveness

One of the unique characteristics of the CIQ is the number of listed buildings and character areas. It is important that any new areas of public realm retain the existing character in the conservation area. Part of Arundel Street and Mary Street are already recognised as significant character areas within the Urban Design Compendium 2004. In order to respect the existing local context the future development must use high quality materials with sensitive but distinctive features which support the character of the conservation area. Key improvements for the street space include enhancing the paving condition and introducing street furniture, such as planting, lighting and benches.

Policy ENV2 Respecting Local Context Streetscape and landscape design must use high quality materials and be well design for the listed buildings and character of the area. The historic context of the area should be enhanced and there must be appropriate integration of new developments.

(Source from: Sheffield City Council, 2008)

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High quality environment

Principal New Public Spaces

The five new or improved principal open spaces are proposed as part of the public realm strategy (opposite), which is creating a linkage of open spaces throughout the CIQ. 1.

A high quality

environment

Sidney Square (POS2)

A well designed modern square in the central place of the CIQ will provide a meeting place for CIQ users. Sidney Street is a primary street in the CIQ which links the Golden Route and Ring Road. The area currently functions as poor quality groundlevel car parking. The Sidney Square would be established as a bold new space that will benefit from its location in the heart of the CIQ. The public realm is envisaged as a series of inter-linked spaces of different characters and atmospheres. This urban space will provide for a variety of functions including open space, a play area and also as an event space. This will be the landmark square within the CIQ. 2.

Matilda Park (POS3)

As one of the doorways to the CIQ , Matilda Park will mainly function as a green space and gateway. The location is in the middle of the busy Eyre Street and is currently used for car parking. There is no green space in the surrounding area therefore a high quality landscape design is required for this attractive park. It will guide visitors from the Moor and meanwhile enhance the green space quality within the CIQ. 3.

Porter Brook Corner (POS4)

The small triangle space close to the Porter Brook is an area which can be utilised to improve the space quality within the CIQ. Porter Brook Corner is one of the poorest space qualities at present with derelict buildings and the prevalence of litter (however, the graffiti on wall of Sylvester Gardens is a potential attraction for visitors).

Considering the waterside location it is a potential space to create a play area and open up the Porter Brook.

4.

Porter Brook Park (POS1)

This would be a new public space close to the railway station which could perform as both a gateway and communal area near to the Porter Brook. Creating a similar space function to Sheaf Square should be avoided and advantage of the water course should be taken.

5.

Cumberland Square (POS5)

As public space linking the Moor and CIQ , this is a well-designed square for community gathering. As the surrounding space is dominated by retail such as The Moor Market, Staples and Decathlon, providing a space for people to rest would be the main purpose for the square.

(Source from top to bottom: FCBStudios, 2012; Urban Realm, 2013 )

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CIQ and Moorfoot Area Action Plan 2015-2030

CIQ AAP AAP boundary

Public Realm Strategy

Existing open space

Street space improvement & infrastructure Environmental improvements along primary route

Scale

Public open spaces

Proposal open space POS 1

Porter Brook Park

Environmental improvements along secondary route

POS 2

Sidney Square

POS 3

Matilda Park

Junction surface treatment and pedestrian crossing improvement

POS 4

Porter Brook Conner

POS 5

Cumberland Square

Character area

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Porter Brook

High quality environment

Management and Maintenance of the Public Realm

Well maintained streets and public spaces encourage their use and add to the area’s vibrancy. Significant expenditure in the public realm would be wasted, and the improvements would degrade if inadequate management and maintenance were in place. Proposals for improvements to the public realm should be treated in a holistic way, taking account of the lifetime of the project in terms of initial investment and levels of on-going maintenance.

A high quality

environment

Policy ENV3 Management and Maintenance In practice, the public realm should be maintained by both private developers and public authorities. Both agencies should provide a common statement of the quality of design expected and best managed practice examples.

River Corridor

The Porter Brook Corridor Area will demonstrate the natural character of the CIQ by promoting a high quality riverside environment. A good footpath link will encourage movement activity throughout the CIQ area and create a unique landscape feature for this quarter. The new riverside development will contribute to the restoration and biodiversity of the flora and fauna. Quality public realm is essential to open the river for visitors (see POS1, POS2 and POS4). Porter Brook Park (POS1) is aimed to create play and recreation space nearby to the river and enhance the physical condition of that space. Sidney Square (POS2) and Porter Brook Corner (POS4) are located in the central CIQ , it is an opportunity area to support the interests of water related activities and create the link to Mary Street. The river corridor will not only benefit the CIQ environment, but also enhance the quality of the Porter Brook.

The new development must be in-keeping and sympathetic with existing building materials and character.

Policy ENV4 Porter Brook Corridor Ensure an attractive, safe and secure river corridor for people and wildlife.

Environmentally sensitive design is essential to enhance the Porter Brook, providing better conditions for habitats to flourish and adapt to climate change.

High quality public open space along the river will encourage opportunities for leisure, cultural and play activities.

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CIQ AAP AAP boundary

Flooding Risk Scale

Porter Brook

Zone 3b Functional Floodplain

Zone 3a High Probability

Zone 3a Developed Floodplain

Zone 2 Medium Probability

References

Recommendation Flood Risk Assessment Area http://www.urbanrealm.com/news/4019/Updated_Edinburgh_Academical_redevelopment_plans_submitted.html

http://blog.cleveland.com/architecture/2013/04/latest_plans_for_revamped_publ.html

http://www.the-rsc.co.uk/news/february

http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread. php?t=570684&page=388

http://fcbstudios.com/work/view/church-street-publicrealm

http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/United_ Kingdom/England/South_Yorkshire/Sheffield-305647/ Nightlife-Sheffield-TG-C-1.html

https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/business-economy/development/pictures.html

http://www.archdaily.com/379334/public-realm-plan-proposal-feilden-clegg-bradley-studios-grant-associates/

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High quality environment

Flooding Risk Management

The Environment Agency considers the Porter Brook, which is running from the Peak District to the centre of CIQ , as a flood risk area and develops a comprehensive warning system for the flood zones. As can be seen on the previous page, most of southern part of CIQ has high probability of flooding (Zone 3a) which means this area is likely to suffer from flooding once in a century. Furthermore, Developed Floodplain (Zone 3a(i)) near to Sheffield Station is subjected to flooding once every twenty years and needs a critical flow path for water and flood storage areas. These flood risks originate from the curvetted and narrowed Porter Brook which has been transformed from its natural state.

A high quality

environment

Technical Guidance to the National Planning Policy Framework severely restricts the permission of highly vulnerable uses such as emergency dispersal points and basement dwellings within Zone 3a. To ensure safety for people and property inside of this area, Sheffield City Council adopted Core Strategy Policy CS 67 which is requiring limitation of surface water run-off, sustainable drainage systems (SDS) and removal of existing culvert. Even though the policy restricts development within the area, it suggests the development will be allowed if more vulnerable uses would be resilient to flood damage and flood protection measures would be provided.

Sheffield’s Waterways Strategy also established a five year action plan to reduce flood risk in the CIQ by regeneration of Lower Porter Brook.

Policy ENV 5 Flood Risk Management Flood risk assessment must be undertaken prior to any development within the CIQ potential flood risk area.

(Source from: RSC, 2014)

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Business and Industry

The business and industry policies for the CIQ and Moorfoot seek to support the long-term growth of creative and high-tech industries throughout the whole area to promote a strong, distinctive local economy. This approach is complemented by improving knowledge-based employment for job opportunities in the city centre as proposed by Sheffield City Council (Sheffield Master Plan, 2013).

A strong desire to achieve a sustainable economy is echoed within the National Planning Policy Framework. Sufficient land, suitable for development is advised by the national government to be promoted to support growth, low carbon and innovative economy.

Sheffield Core Strategy (2009) (Policy CS 1) encourages the further allocation of land for office and industrial development in existing employment areas through the demolition of existing premises if necessary (use classes B1(a), B1(b) and (c), B2 and B8).

Sheffield Economic Strategy claims to expect a significant growth in the creative and advanced manufacturing industries by 2020. The current creative and high-tech industries have already been two of the highest value sectors in Sheffield’s economy.

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“I am more and more impressed by the burgeoning redevelopment of this area through the opening of gallery spaces, cafés etc. which are reclaiming and repurposing the abandoned industrial buildings.”

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PROPOSALS FOR THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN CULTURAL INDUSTRIES QUARTER

The south of Matilda Street provides a good setting for the introduction of creative industry development. With parking space along Eyre Street and several vacant buildings around Earl Street, the potential growth in creative industry could be identified in this area (0.7 hectare).

Local planning documents and related policies have established a strong and clear desire for decisions that enhance and improve the creative industry development in the quarter including business diversity and area accessibility.

It is proposed that the CIQ will enhance its creative industry development to be one of the major employment bases in Sheffield City Centre. The vacant buildings and the site of 0.7 hectares around Earl Street will be re-allocated for creative industry development. The new developments will consolidate the agglomeration of creative industries near Matilda Street to the north, Sylvester Street to the south, Jessop Street to the west, and Sidney Street to the east. Arundel Street would be improved through active frontages and sophisticated public realm to attract more investor interest.

Policy EC1 Improving the Creative Industry Economy in the CIQ The CIQ will enhance its creative industries development as one of the major employment bases in the city. New development will consolidate the agglomeration of creative industries near Matilda Street to the north, Sylvester Street to the south, Jessop Street to the west, and Sidney Street to the east.

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Business & Industry

Proposals for high-tech industries A small grouping of high-tech industries are situated along Shoreham Street, Arundel Street and Brown Street. With vacant buildings and vacant sites in the north part of the CIQ and Sheffield Hallam University’s campus facilities, the high-tech industry has potential to expand within this area (1.6 hectares).

Business & Industry

Sheffield City Centre Master Plan (2013) identifies 0.2 hectares of vacant land between Charles Street and Clay Lane to become a potential development site. The erection of high-tech industry buildings in this site can promote interaction with Sheffield Technology Park along Charles Lane. Approximate 0.85 hectare of vacant buildings along Suffolk Road will welcome high-tech businesses. Over 0.53 hectares of vacant land and buildings will also be occupied with high-tech industry along Sylvester Street.

Policy EC2 Improving the High-Tech Industry Economy in the CIQ High-tech Industry will continue to develop in the CIQ. New developments will be constructed on vacant land between Charles Street and Clay Lane, as well as along Suffolk Road and Sylvester Street.

Shops and Services

In the areas identified for promotion of creative and high-tech industries, other uses that allow for active frontages and vibrant street scenes will make an important contribution to CIQ service sector development and will consequently boost employment within the quarter. For example, cafĂŠs, restaurants and leisure amenities will be encouraged in small amounts along Arundel Street, The Moor, Bishop Street, Furnival Street and Brown Street.

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Business & Industry

Proposals for the evening and night-time economies

The north of the CIQ has a diverse evening and night-time economy with various pubs, bars and clubs along Paternoster Row and Brown Lane. It is important that this existing evening economy is encouraged and managed to meet the needs of residents and employees in the CIQ. Matilda Street and Earl Street are earmarked for the development of convenient stores, pubs and bars to complement the shortfall of A3/A4/A5 uses in the south of the CIQ. Particular attention to urban design will be paid on Matilda Street and Earl Street

Business & Industry

Policy EC3 Evening and Night-time Economy in the CIQ Existing and additional pubs and bars along Paternoster Row and Brown Lane shall be encouraged and managed to meet the needs of residents and employees within the CIQ. Matilda Street and Earl Street are earmarked to develop convenient stores, pubs and bars to complement the shortfall of A3/A4/A5 uses in the south of the CIQ.

Proposals for the tranditional manufacturing economy

The traditional manufacturing economy including the manufacture of high-quality, precision steel goods and cutlery along Arundel Street will be protected and managed to enhance the area’s distinct historic character.

Policy EC4 4 Traditional Manufacturing Economy The traditional manufacturing economy including the manufacture of steel goods will be protected and managed for heritage purposes.

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HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION

The CIQ was formally designated as a Conservation Area in 2001 due to its historical and architectural character. Previously the area contributed to the development of Sheffield as an industrial centre as it was home to many thriving small businesses associated with the steel trades (Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002). Some of the traditional industries remain but the area has mainly evolved as the central development of the creative and digital industries in the city (Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002).

It is therefore important to strike the balance between preservation of the historic character and the demands of a modern city.

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Heritage and Conservation

As the CIQ is a designated Conservation Area it is necessary that the surviving features are preserved and respected. This reiterates the objectives of Sheffield Core Strategy 2009 which are: S14.1 “Enhanced character and distinctiveness of neighbourhoods, respecting existing local character and built and natural features to provide the context for new development” and S14.2 “Preservation and enhancement of buildings and areas that are attractive, distinctive or of heritage value in urban and rural settings”.

Such features which must be preserved and enhanced are established in the CIQ Conservation Area Appraisal 2001 and include:

Heritage & Conservation

•

The surviving elements of the grid pattern which were developed as part of the 18th century estate of the Duke of Norfolk;

•

The Little Mesters which characterise the area - these are significant features and are usually arranged in a courtyard which contains a mix of residential and industrial uses;

•

The area contains 9 listed buildings and many others of historical significance and as such these must be protected and maintained with future development respecting their presence;

•

The Porter Brook is also an important surviving historical element and as such it is vital to incorporate the Porter Brook effectively into the area.

The decline in the CIQ of the traditional industries has impacted upon its appearance with many historic buildings being lost and many others left in a derelict or poor state (CIQ Conservation Area Appraisal, 2001). It is therefore imperative that no more of these historic assets are lost or left to decline further. This is in line with the CIQ Conservation Area Appraisal 2001, General Development Guidelines which state that there is a presumption in favour of preserving all listed and non listed buildings within the area as the majority of the buildings make an important contribution to the street-scape.

Many of the architectural features on several buildings have been lost and in some cases they have been replaced inappropriately, examples of this can be seen in buildings on Howard Street and also in properties on Arundel Street (CIQ Conservation Area Appraisal, 2001). Insensitive changes to buildings are irreversible and so it is essential that future changes and redevelopment is carried out sensitively and in a way which understands the historical importance of features and buildings. Similarly many of the historic building frontages on Mary Street have been lost as a result of rendering and painting (CIQ Conservation Appraisal, 2001).

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negative impact on the surrounding area. The retail warehouses which have been developed at the St Mary’s roundabout provide an example of this as they form a weak edge to the CIQ due to their negative impact (CIQ Conservation Area Appraisal, 2001). Another example is at Shoreham Street where very few historic buildings remain (CIQ Conservation Area Appraisal, 2001). It is essential therefore that existing historic buildings and architectural features are not lost through either removal or insensitive development. These features must be preserved for future generations as a reminder of the history and character of the area.

It is clear that Sheffield is a modern and vibrant city and as such it must ensure that new and future developments are providing for the 21st century. It is however imperative that the historical character and heritage of Sheffield is not lost in the process. This should not be seen as a hindrance to contemporary development and it is therefore important to look at unique ways in which the two can be combined to create spaces which provide a sense of place and vibrancy. The CIQ has already undergone some projects with this is mind through the Sheffield Cultural Industries Quarter Townscape Heritage Initiative that was carried out between 2002 to 2007.

It is therefore key that such projects continue to be developed through the rest of the quarter. As part of the initiative individual schemes were led by local partnerships who would match HLF funding with other sources to create a common fund, this was then used to repair and regenerate buildings in the area (Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002). 7 individual projects were carried out within the CIQ and provide examples of what can be achieved. The initiative promotes an opportunity for further change in an area which offers so much potential to intertwine the historic with the modern.

Scotia Works is an example of a successful scheme carried out under the Townscape Heritage Initiative, formally a cutlery works the building vhas been restored to create a resource centre. The project has successfully preserved the original features of the building but has combined these with modern design elements.

(Source from: Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002)

Sterling Works is another prime example of what can be achieved with the combination of historic and modern. This building is now the home of Freeman College and provides young people with special learning needs the opportunity to learn new skills (Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002).

The Heritage Initiative has helped to revive important historic buildings in the Conservation Area and bring them back into active use (Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002). The initiative has helped with the regeneration of the CIQ and has contributed to improving the quality of life for all those who live, work and visit the quarter (Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002). This initiative is only just the beginning and paves the way for further imaginative schemes and projects within the CIQ. The Butcher Works is a Grade 2 listed building, the project has transformed this building into a mix of apartments, workshops, office and retail units. The Butcher Works provides an example of the successful regeneration of a courtyard which blends the historic with the modern.

(Source from: Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002)

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Heritage and Conservation

Heritage & Conservation

Policy HC1 - Conservation Existing buildings of historic or architectural merit must be conserved and preserved. The key buildings of architectural and historic merit are those as identified in the Character Area Appraisals within the CIQ Conservation Appraisal Guidelines 2001. A feasibility study should be carried out if changes are desired in order that much of the original historic and architectural features are retained.

Policy HC2 - Integration New development must respond sensitively to the surrounding historic buildings - contemporary development can be built alongside the historic with contrasting and complementary design without diminishing the character of the area.

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Housing

HOUSING

Encouraging people to live in the City Centre is a long held commitment of the City Council and it is seen as a major factor in increasing activity in an area outside office hours. To accommodate the ambition to become a 24 hour Quarter, the CIQ and Moorfoot need to improve their housing offer in order to move away from an image of a ‘raw-edged’ student area to provide mixed use housing which includes key workers, family’s and vulnerable people who want to benefit from living in a vibrant quarter of the City centre. A new community will in turn support new activities in the quarter all year round and into the evenings. As the Sheffield 2009 Core Strategy encourages manufacturing to relocate outside of the quarter through Policy CS 6, a new generation of housing should appeal to new markets by facilitating a high standard of living and relative flexibility. Therefore if markets were to change buildings could serve other uses such as office space or cater to the needs of people as their requirements change through life. To encourage development, inner city housing may not be tied to one zone but instead should be sited where suitable infrastructure can facilitate ease of movement and a burgeoning community.

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‘NME magazine ran an article that praised proprietors of the CIQ for running the best arts space of its kind in Britain. Does Sheffield council really want to sacrifice this national cultural prestige for the sake of a few expensive apartments?’ Charlotte Tollyfield

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Housing

Density and Design

New developments should demonstrate that urban life is most resource efficient and sustainable in order to promote the City Council’s long standing ambition to encourage city centre living. New housing should champion high standards of design at a high density as well as high energy and insulation efficiency.

Housing

Residential schemes, therefore, need to be located with care to provide scope for a sufficient density of units and a suitable environment. The scale of development needs to be considerate of the surrounding area but not subservient to it. To optimise the potential of development sites, Policy CS 26 suggests a minimum density in the city centre of 70 dwellings per hectare with no maximum. However, on certain opportunity sites the height of buildings may need to be moderated to relate positively to the existing context and to the base of the Sheaf Valley as discussed in the UDC part 3.2, which in turn has a bearing on locally appropriate density levels.

Consideration also needs to be given to those attempting self build and cohousing, in which case the design of multi-story apartment buildings may be too complex or unsuitable. Furthermore, development should be planned to enable densities to change in response to need. Cumulative densities change as areas evolve and mature.

Capacity for change and intensification should be built into both area masterplans and, where possible, the design and construction of individual buildings through flexible typologies.

Good design is essential to appropriate high-density development in the CIQ and should run through all scales of residential development. To create places that are distinctive, safe, attractive and meet residents’ needs through local facilities, the mix of uses and type, tenure and size of dwellings. New housing must comply with the design principles set out in Sheffield City Council’s “City Centre Living” SPG along with national standards applicable to housing quality such as ‘Building for Life 12,’ ‘Code for Sustainable Homes,’ ‘Lifetime Homes,’ and ‘Manual for Streets’.

Sustainable residential development can significantly act to combat climate change.

The re-use of building materials, retrofit of existing building stock and the generation of on-site renewable energy, will be supported. The CIQ still hosts a number of derelict and empty buildings, incentives should be attached to their retrofit and appropriation for housing. Likewise new housing will be expected to demonstrate a commitment to environmental sustainability, to be matched with council involvement in coordinating Neighbourhood Level renewable heating and micro grid networks which work most efficiently on a block to campus level.

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Policy H1a - Density Residential schemes should be flexibly designed. They should achieve at least 70 dwellings per hectare but aspire towards 90-120 dwellings per hectare towards the north of the area and near public transport stops and intersections. All developments below this density and those which are structurally inflexible, will be refused permission unless a sufficient argument can be developed on the grounds of complimenting the existing street-scape. Those with higher density will be looked upon favorably, however custom build and cohousing schemes will be accepted at densities higher than 50 dwellings per hectare and restoration of historic industrial buildings will be accepted regardless of density.

Policy H1b - Benchmarks Design and Quality of new housing should meet the following building standards: •

Code for Sustainable Homes at least Code Level 4 from 2016 and Code Level 6 by 2018.

•

Secure built for life status by scoring mostly amber or above against Building for Life 12.

•

Demonstrate an understanding and incorporation of Sheffield City Council’s City Centre living SPG.

Developers will need to demonstrate how this will be achieved in their design and access statement.

Policy H1c - Retrofit Development should aim to make use of resources already available by encouraging the reuse and retrofit of existing buildings. The Council should aim to establish a partnership model loan scheme to help facilitate the retrofit of unsustainable homes along with funding and coordinating efforts to set up local green infrastructure as has been done through Kirklees Council’s ‘Warm Zone’ initiative.

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Housing

Housing Mix

To become active and to promote itself as a vibrant community the CIQ and Moorfoot need to offer a mix of housing tenures, types and integration with other uses, as suggested in Sheffield Core Strategy CS 27. Mixed use should suit local requirements to promote an area for housing choice. The offer of choice in an area of the city centre becomes attractive to future tenants and buyers. It also suits different lifestyles acting to passively regulate antisocial behaviour, include alienated members of society and fuel new community engagement with cultural industries.

Mixed communities are a product of a mix of tenures and housing types across all phases. Houses of different tenures should be indistinguishable when built to be pepper potted or built in small groups with other uses. For developers this does not reduce the value of property and may provide a means which further student housing could be introduced to the area. This can be done without polarising the community, along with much needed affordable housing which could be introduced into the city centre. Mixed housing should aim to respond to the needs of the housing market as indicated by Sheffield City Councils annual housing report.

Housing

Existing tenures mainly cater to renters offering limited housing choice

The quarter would also benefit from introducing new housing types into the quarter such as co-housing or collective custom build. Co-housing would be ideal for the location and ambitions of the site, built on an attitude that resources could be shared and mutual support should come from the community. It may invite vulnerable or older people into the quarter and allow them to benefit from proximity to the train station and city centre retail, while collective custom build would encourage resident lead high quality development to set a high benchmark for developers. These forms of housing nurture their own tight communities, which could seed active dissenting residential population for the quarter as a whole.

Mixed use developments need to be positioned in well connected and visible locations in the quarter to find the right balance between affordable housing, public space and places to work, while aspiring to vibrancy which need not be consumption led. The CIQ and Moorfoot are well situated for mixed-use development with strong transport connections and links to the city centre. The CIQ already boasts strong precedents for mixed-use development at Butcher Works and Sellers Wheel along Arundel Street, where the ground level is reserved for specialist retail, cafes or restaurants and the upper floors will have a range of quality, mixed-tenure flats, apartments and lofts.

Future mixed development should be designed in the light of the needs of all users in accessing and using the services. Flexibility of use should be built in so that buildings will be capable of accommodating different uses over time.

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Policy HM1a - Tenure Future housing developments should aim to provide at least 40% affordable homes as suggested in Policy CS40 balanced with no more than 20% student housing. This mixture of tenure should be distributed about the development either by pepper-potting (scattering it) or creating small groups (ideally six homes or less) for ease of management. Applications, which do not meet this policy, will incur a high developer contribution, unless it is proven that achieving a mixed tenure is infeasible.

Policy HM1b - Community building Sheffield City Council should locate a number of suitable serviced plots for community self build projects within the quarter. These should be marketed to co-housing and collective custom, build interest groups to utilise using powers given under community right to build.

Policy HM1c - Mixed use Housing development along key pedestrian routes indicated in section 3.3 of the UDC and along the Ring Road should be capable of incorporating a mixture of use classes on at least the ground floor through flexible design.

In design statements, developments along these routes need to demonstrate how their floor plans could be adapted to house office, retail and residential accommodation. Flexible design of residential areas will also be looked upon favourably.

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Housing

Infrastructure Implications

The CIQ was originally built for a large residential population and will need to grow significantly to put considerable strain on the existing road infrastructure. Housing development should however have good access to public transport and local facilities to reduce car dependency. Development should also support and encourage cycling by providing cycle storage, which can be used with confidence. Yet for those who need cars, parking should be sufficient and well integrated so that it does not dominate the street. To promote walking, further housing development in the quarter will require or should be near community facilities, such as shops, schools, workplaces, parks, play areas, pubs or coffee shops. With the removal of manufacturing from the quarter and as light industry becomes quieter and cleaner new opportunities will arise for housing development in formerly industrial areas such as the Norfolk Grid and Leadmill Triangle East.

Housing

Large increases in housing in the area should take into account the need for local, supporting amenities such as increased school capacity, local open space and play facilities. The area could expand this infrastructure by inviting public bodies to relocate to the quarter. Other amenities that would help support the local community would include small, local convenience stores, children’s nurseries and schools; these facilities will be encouraged to integrate into mixed use housing along primary pedestrian routes.

Policy HM2a - Existing infrastructure Housing may be developed on any feasible location in the quarter proving its location does not come into conflict with other local and national policies, and is less than a three minute (240m) walk from an appropriate community amenity and public transport access. Evidence of a buildings proximity to community services should be provided in a design and access report. If it is deemed to be too far an application will not be looked upon favourably.

Policy HM2b - Future housing The CIQ and Moorfoot’s social and physical infrastructure will need to be improved and expanded to support the needs of the enlarged community.

Along with the AAP review at 5 and 10 years after adoption separate reviews should take place which investigate development’s impact on surrounding infrastructure.

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EQUITY AND SAFETY

Three aspects need to be balanced in order to achieve sustainable development: economic, environment and social equity.

Therefore, when the local authority considers planning in the CIQ and Moorfoot, equity is one of the vital issues. Social equity is equal access to all services and provisions and is the right to aspects under law such as to vote and also includes concepts of health equity.

The NPPF states that the local planning authority should ‘deliver a wide choice of high quality homes, widen opportunities for home ownership and create sustainable, inclusive and mixed communities.’ Local planning authorities should also ‘create a shared vision with communities of the residential environment and facilities they wish to see’.

Sheffield City Council therefore should consider the needs and demands of different groups working or living in the CIQ and Moorfoot (Communities and Local Government, 2012).

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Equity and Safety

Improve Community Involvement There are 2,403 people who live in the CIQ neighbourhood who have different backgrounds and different needs. Sheffield City Council should strengthen community cohesion and facilitate social inclusion in the CIQ. The demands of all different groups in the community should be taken account of. New consultation arrangements should be implemented with communities of interest to complement the Locality arrangements to support the Council and engage partners. Any major development in the CIQ should engage local community and neighbourhood based organisations at the earliest stages in decision-making as possible.

Policy ES1 - Improve the Community Involvement Ensure that all the demands and aspirations from different community groups are voiced within policy and service delivery.

Ensure a Healthy Standard of Living for All Equity & safety

Currently, there is a shortage of good quality affordable housing in the CIQ. Living in poor and inappropriate housing conditions has a direct correlation with health inequalities. Therefore, the provision of good quality affordable housing could reduce health inequalities. In addition, improvement of the CIQ’s green spaces and green infrastructure could also improve mental and physical health and reduce health inequalities.

Vulnerable groups living needs should be focused on within the CIQ. The vulnerable groups include disabled people, young people and elderly people. One of the main solutions is to improve the facilities available to vulnerable groups for example the specific design of toilets to provide suitable facilities for people with disabilities and the installation of lift and ramps (NHS Sheffield, 2010).

Policy ES2 - Provide choices to help vulnerable people to live independently The living standard of vulnerable people should be improved to enable them to remain in their own houses and communities for as long as possible.

Sheffield City Council should also develop a plan to support vulnerable people’s accommodation with developers and vulnerable people’s service commissioners in order that plans cater for accessibility requirements. Disabled facilities grants and home improvement loans are main themes within this area of work.

(Source from top to bottom: R. P. McWilliams, 2004; Living Options, 2014 )

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Create Fair Employment and Good Work for all There are 16,400 Job Seeker Allowance claimants in Sheffield, 41.2% of these have been out of work for half a year or longer. There are 32,800 individuals on ‘out of work benefits’, approximately 10,000 of whom are suffering from ‘mental or behavioural problems’. In the tighter labour market, there is a real risk that health inequalities as a result of unemployment are entrenched. The CIQ has been especially affected by the economic recession; the unemployment rate in the CIQ is even higher than the average level in Sheffield. Therefore, the Sheffield City Council, NHS and the Sheffield First Partnership need to take action to support those businesses and individuals who have been affected by recession (NHS Sheffield, 2010).

(Source from: Project Orange, 2013; Source from: SCS, LTD, 2013)

Policy ES3 - Create Fair Employment and Good Work for all The amount of help available to individuals to access work and better opportunities within the CIQ should be increased. More support and information should be provided regarding the wider barriers to work such as social skills, confidence and language barriers, as well as addressing social exclusion and social immobility.

Improve the Safety of Living & Working Environments

The wellbeing of the CIQ’s residents is seriously affected by the reality and fear of crime and disorder, and therefore any inequality in distribution of these factors is likely to create associated health inequalities. From February 2014 to January 2015, a total of 818 crimes occurred within the CIQ area, on average rate 68 in every month. 48.8% of the crime type is anti-social behaviour (427) and 10.7% is violence and sexual offences (94). In this way ‘Keeping the CIQ Safe’ is key to reducing inequality. In order to improve the safety issues in the CIQ , the most effective way to do this is to add more CCTVs and street lightings in the area especially in high incidence crime areas. In addition, since the site is also in a Conservation Area, the City Council must consider whether the proposals would preserve or enhance the character or appearance of that area (NHS Sheffield, 2010).

Policy ES4 - Provide a Safe Environment

Reference: http://www.newportcityhomes.com/your-community/ Involvement/Pages/Overview.aspx http://www.rpmcwilliamsbridgnorth.co.uk/disabledaccess.php

There needs to be an increase in the number of security cameras and street lighting in the CIQ especially in high incidence crime areas. The size, colour and appearance of the safety facilities, their installation and location should be carefully considered in all cases.

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http://www.livingoptions.org/index.php?page=about-us http://www.projectorange.com/projects/view/shoreham-street http://www.secam.co.uk/security-cameras-sheffield.htm

Implementation

PART 3 IMPLEMENTATION

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Implementation

STAKEHOLDERS

Councils National Government The national government is responsible for the National Planning Policy Framework.

The effective implementation of planning policy should be set out under the guidance of NPPF. Sheffield City Council The majority of work carried out by local government within the planning system includes management of the local planning system, preparing for the Local Plan, and receiving planning applications which are dealt with by local planning authority officers. The City Council takes a leading role through the creation and consideration of plans and is therefore the main stakeholder in the CIQ’s development.

Local Government Agencies Environment Agency It is a UK government agency which mainly focuses on air pollution, rivers and flooding. The EU Water Framework Directives and Flood Risk should be considered for every new development in the CIQ to ensure that it conforms to the policies.

South Yorkshire Integrated Transport Authority It is responsible for formulating some policies regarding public transport and financial support. In the CIQ , the public transport strategies are therefore influenced by these policies.

Yorkshire Water Yorkshire Water Agency works in collaboration with the Environment Agency to assess flood risks and review policies which are associated with upstream areas. In the CIQ , Porter Brook has the potential for flooding and therefore flood mitigation must be considered in making plans and development around Porter Brook.

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Heritage Lottery Fund The Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI) is a national programmer of funding managed by the Heritage Lottery Fund.

The Cultural Industries Quarter (CIQ) Townscape Heritage Initiative was a grant programme that offered an exciting and challenging opportunity to repair and regenerate both the historic fabric and the economy of the CIQ. Transportation Service providers Public Transport is a key element in the CIQ development, and only with the cooperation of the transportation service providers, such as First, Stagecoach, can policies be implemented successfully.

Highways The Strategic Road Network has influenced much of the development of the CIQ. The Highways Agency plays an important role in assessing developments within the CIQ. Creative Sheffield The aim of Creative Sheffield is to promote investments in the city, target better infrastructure achievements, and improve Sheffield’s image and reputation to become a science, creativity and culture city. The CIQ also is guided by these strategies.

Estate Agencies Play a role of balancing tenants and housing providers.

Private Businesses Developers Developers have a key role in providing housing stock as well as other privately owned facilities. Most development occurs through actions of private developers following approval of a development application. They can push the boundaries of planning principles in order to maximize returns on investment.

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Implementation

Investors The majority of investment is rent from land occupiers and increases in capital values of properties. Investors will push for the most development within the CIQ to achieve maximum profits.

Local Business The CIQ provides huge development space for local business. Increased investment in the area will help to revive it.

Non-profit Organizations and Community Groups CIQ Agency The CIQ Agency is long established as providing for regeneration, investment and development within the CIQ. It is currently involved in delivering the Sheffield Community Network programme alongside Sheffield City Council and other community partners. It is also continuing with the management of The Cube live/ work scheme within the CIQ Integreat Plus Integreat Plus provides independent support for many individuals and local authorities regarding design and economic development helping them to achieve the full potential of a place.

Implementation

Friends of Porter Brook It is a newly established non-profit organization, which is interested in community development activities around Porter Brook, the organization is however suffering from a lack of financial support alongside professional guidance which would provide for its long term agenda.

Charity Organisation Charity Organisations can help to influence the implementation of temporary uses within the CIQ which would involve creating public art spaces & other community events.

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Existing Residential Communities Students and young professionals are the major residents within the CIQ. They play an important role in supporting and consuming cultural and economic services within the CIQ. Educational Institutes The majority of Sheffield Hallam University buildings are currently located in the CIQ. Consideration should take place regarding its potential expansion and strong links with the CIQ. Other institutes such as Freeman College, The University of Sheffield, and Sheffield Technology Park also have significant influence in the area.

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DELIVERY AND IMPLEMENTATION

Phasing of Development

It is schemed that the planned improvements for the CIQ set out in this action plan will be implemented in three main phases to deliver successful regeneration in the area for 15 years. Thereby, residents, investors, government officials and other stakeholders can make provision for the change of the CIQ smoothly.

PHASE 1 (1-5 Years) will focus on the urgent areas which have a high possibility of flooding and short term feasible improvements such as Council owned property or developers' who are interested in the area.

PHASE 2 (6-10 Years) will focus on the more complicated and time consuming improvements.

PHASE 3 (11-15 Years) will be the conclusion of most of the objectives and will concentrate on the areas where the land assembly is complex and needs massive public funding.

Implementation

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Implementation

Description

Time scale (year) Phase 1-5 years

Transportation and Connectivity Establishing high quality public realm pedestrian environments Traffic which are well sign posted and well lit to encourage movement Management from the city centre to the quarter.

Legible routes needs to work with strong physical connections.

Pedestrian priority

Cycling

Car parking

Encouraging pedestrian and preventing car dependency Adding more CCTV cameras Promoting landscaping, sign posting, benches and facilities for the less-abled Some improvements are made to the existing designated cycling routes that are distributed across the CIQ. The entire quarter will be made permeable to cycle access and signed suggested routes will be spread across the quarter.

Poorly maintained parking sites should be improved where security is poor and appearance

Environment and flooding Improvement of Porter Brook Conner & Park and Sidney Square River corridor with new open spaces Prior to any development, Exception Test is needed Flood Risk Management Enhancing the paving condition and street furniture Local Distinctiveness Economy Development of the vacant and derelict land

The vacant buildings and their sites of 0.7 hectare around the Earl Street will be re-allocated for creative industries development.

The new development will consolidates the atmosphere and agglomeration of creative industries near Matilda Street to the north, Silvestre Street to the south, Jessop Street to the west, and Sidney Street to the east.

Cultural, Enhance and improve the creative industries development in traditional and Cultural Industries Quarter including companies diversity, area knowledgefunctioning and area accessibility. based business hub

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Phase 5-10 years

Phase 10- 15 years

Increasing footfall to the CIQ and make it part of a well- Seating and high quality landscapes will create a pleasant integrated city centre area pedestrian environment

The construction of new pedestrian crossings to increase pedestrian safety throughout the quarter and on the periphery locations close to the ring road will allow better accessibility for those entering the CIQ from those areas and encourage pedestrians into the site

A new crossing will be introduced from Charlotte Road to Hereford Street while other crossings will be widened and cross the length of the ring road where possible to encourage pedestrian traffic into the quarter.

Allowing the area to become more accessible for cycling There will also be an increase in cycle park facilities and any of all ages and abilities at all times of the day and will new developments will be required to provide these to users. encourage movement throughout the CIQv Good management of car parking should be promoted Car parking should be considered for alternative development to meet the requirement of CIQ , and well organization which is in line with the AAP should also be planned to get better landscape of CIQ.

Enhancing Matilda Park and Cumberland Park

Arundel Street would be improved with active frontages Public participation and consultation should be undertaken to attract more investment by sophisticated street with key stakeholders when it comes to detailed plans and appearances. options in Cultural Industries Quarter.

Further allocation of land for office and industrial Through the demolition of existing premises if necessary. development in existing employment areas According to Policy CS 6, it suggests Cultural Industrial Quarter have modern manufacturing activities and distribution.

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Implementation

Heritage and Conservation Conservation of buildings of historic and architectural merit alongside sensitive contemporary development Housing Mix of residential development

Enhanced character and distinctiveness of neighbourhoods, respecting existing local character and built and natural features to provide the context for new development.Sheffield Core Strategy 2009

Residential schemes need to be located with care to provide scope for a sufficient density of units and a suitable environment.

The height of buildings may need to be moderated to relate positively to the existing context and to the base of the Don Valley Considering self build and cohousing in which case the design of multi story apartment building may be too complex or unsuitable

Creating places that are distinctive, safe, attractive and meet residents’ needs through local facilities, the mix of uses and type, tenure and size of dwellings.

Equity and Safety Add more CCTVs and street lightings in the area especially in Improve the those high incidences of crime areas. safety of living and working environment All the major development in CIQ should engage local community Improve the and neighbourhood based organizations at the earliest stages in community and decision-making as possible. healthy living environment Improve the CIQ’s green spaces, green infrastructure and good quality affordable housing

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Opportunity to further intertwine the historic with the Strike the balance between preservation of the historic modern. character and the demands of a modern city.

Good design is essential to appropriate high-density Housing may be developed on any feasible location in the development in the CIQ and should run through all quarter in the quarter proving its location does not come into scales of residential development. conflict with other local and national policies, and is less than a three minute (240m) walk from a community amenity and Empty buildings incentives should be attached to their public transport access retrofit and appropriation for housing

Considering the size, colour and appearance of the safety The City Council must consider whether the proposals would facilities, and putting them in negative areas of CIQ. preserve or enhance the character or appearance of that area.

The specific design of toilets to provide suitable facilities The Sheffield City Council, NHS and the Sheffield First to people with disabilities and the installation of lift and Partnership need to take action to support those businesses and ramps. individuals who have been affected by recession.

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Implementation

MONITORING AND REVIEW

Monitoring has crucial effects on each phase of development, and Sheffield City Council should promote the delivery of the CIQ Area Action Plan. Monitoring the development of the CIQ should be undertaken with multiple actors. There are a lot of stakeholders with responsibility within the quarter; therefore, the most valid way is cooperation. Sheffield City Council has the main responsibility to monitor the implementation of the CIQ Area Action Plan. It will act as an overseeing actor, and in each phasing stage, the relevant departments and agencies should report to Sheffield City Council to ensure all the developments are on the right process.

Some policies that were proposed within the Action Plan are relevant for the development and will help to meet the requirements of the CIQ. However, it is crucial that the policies and plans should be assessed over time to ensure that adjustments can be made to fit the changing environment. Therefore, review is very important for the area’s development, and it can be understand as evaluation of specific policies and plans.

The following main actors will responsible for review: •

Sheffield City Council

•

CIQ Agency

•

Environment Agency

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