THE PHILADELPHIA COMPETITION BENJAMIN COMPTON U N I VE R S I T Y O F KA N S A S E C O L E N A T I O N A L E S U P E R I EURE d ’A R CH I T E CT U R E V A L D E S EIN E A T E L I E R S J E A N N O U VE L BE
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Each new situation requires a new Architecture. -Jean Nouvel My first days at Ateliers Jean Nouvel was a nervous exciting moment. It was my first job opportunity and I had earned an internship with one of the top Architectural firms in the world. I had arrived as Jean Nouvel and some of the associates had returned from visiting a client that contacted him about a competition and a future construction site in Philadelphia. I was told then that I would be working with Brian Wait and a few others on this particular project. We started with a brief introduction of team members and a meeting that morning to discuss what we would be doing in the coming weeks. Afterwards I did what I had always done when handed project documentation. As I read into the document provided by the client, I realized how important this project would be, not that there is ever an unimportant project to be worked on, 2
but some buildings have a larger impact on an area before it’s designed and built. The first hint that it was an important project was that the competition only included five firms. The other four were also well known and respected Architects; two of which were also Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates. The deeper I got into the article the more I realized the influence the client has in Philadelphia. They have already contributed greatly to the nearby city blocks and the surrounding Philly area, as well as various projects along the East Coast. This building was to be the next installment to their portfolio of buildings with their goal of creating an “Extraordinary Work Environment.” The first days of work were rather slow moving. A typical first day for new employees was getting set up at a work station, getting your user name and password to access
the internal server, and getting the necessary software licenses loaded to work in the design programs and other software that is utilized at the office. It hadn’t quite set in that I was no longer a typical student, even though I was there to learn as well as work, and I hadn’t yet graduated. That first week was similar to any other first week of a new semester in studio, complete with introduction to others in the office, developing a concept, and researching precedent ideas. Work consisted of doing a site studies, looking up the local code requirements for building heights and floor area requirements (FAR), as well as settling into the AJN office culture. During my second week at the office I began to settle in to the routine. Generally, work began around 10am with about an hour break for lunch followed by an office exodus
between 6pm and 8pm, depending on deadlines, team reviews and meetings with Jean. I generally kept the same routine that I had in school, and was using the same programs to develop and explain our ideas. The real difference in the working environment was that instead of having other classes to break up my day, I was always at or near my desk and other colleagues constantly working and reworking the concept and diagrams to show Jean. It wasn’t until I started working in Auto CAD that I really began to notice a difference between my usual quirks of working in layers, blocks, components and groups and the layers previously established by the graphic department at Ateliers Jean Nouvel. It was then that I was glad I had been naming my files so specifically and with order. That made the transition to working with the firm happen more easily. At AJN, and I assume at other firms, there is a specific way to label files and layers when working in CAD and other programs being accessed by a team of individuals. The uniformity makes it easy to find and use a file created by another team member. Having your profile loaded into CAD also helps determine who is accessing the file if you have any questions about a
change. After getting my profile installed and learning about the XREF function of Auto CAD, I had to learn the layers and line types they presently have installed. Luckily they have a guidebook for that, making that experience less of a headache than guessing at the abbreviations used, or constantly stopping to ask someone what each layer meant in the drawings. This organization is the key to success and ease of access to others work for a smooth collaboration of files and drawings For example: When I was working on the plan of the basement and ground floors of our proposal and needed to gather information from another file as an XREF I could easily find it based on the type of file it was. If it were a plan or section I knew where to look for it and which version of the file I needed to use based on the suffix of the file. As the weeks continued to progress each meeting grew increasingly more important than the last. Several envelope options were shown to Jean over the course of the meetings with him as well as diagrammatic layouts of the buildings functions. After the decision was made to go with four contextual facades all responding to the uniqueness of their orientation on the site and their relations to the surrounding buildings we began to
focus more intensely on the specific locations of each sub category in the required program. We started by opening the public space and created a forum with functioning ‘shelves’ that would make the space more flexible and able to contain different functions as the client saw fit. Each shelf contained it’s own series of functions to accommodate a series of shops and cafes. Jean’s major intent was to make this space flexible as well as turn Cuthbert St., the access road dividing our site from the Sterling Building on the parcel to the south, into a closed pedestrian route. Jean’s Inspiration for this solution came from the Arabic word ‘souk’, which is a covered market place, and was being used in one of AJN’s Mid-eastern projects. The ‘souk’ would serve as a linking space between our site at 1800 Arch Street and the Comcast Center, becoming the focal point of the future Comcast Campus. More diagrams were drawn up to demonstrate to the client our intent and how we viewed the site’s future. Working on this aspect I pulled up old diagrams to update them with the graphic standards developed by the graphic department for the final presentation in Philadelphia on April 29th.
INTERNSHIP REPORT Introduction
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INITIAL CONCEPT Contextual Studies:
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INITIAL CONCEPT Contextual Studies
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Working those first few weeks consisted of developing a general site analysis and creating base drawings of the sight and surrounding buildings for future diagrams, the 3D modeling team, and the graphic designers so they could develop a series of graphic standards preparing the final documents for the client. The site analysis consisted of mapping the public transportation systems and major pedestrian destinations like the Suburban Street Station, which has an underground concourse leading to the neighboring Comcast Center and the building next door to that located at One Penn Center. This was a key element to our project because a major program requirement was to continue the underground link from the station to our site using the existing concourse. Other site analysis’ consisted of contextual building studies such as locating the public and private areas of nearby buildings, specifying each building’s use and facade typology, looking at the Philadelphia’s skyline and determine the views from our site at different altitudes. Research was also going into the buildings that were being planned in the area, because a handful of empty sites near ours had plans drawn up for construction projects in the near future, some of which could potentially block views to and from our building.
this was set in place I established a fly through to show Jean and the other members of the team our building and how it appeared from various locations around the city. This showed us how much of our building would be visible between the existing towers in the area.
ARCH STREET
18TH STREET
+24’
+22’
19TH STREET
+20’ +18’ +16’
+25’
+27’
CUTHBERT STREET
+34' 8'' +20’ +18’
JFK BLVD
TUNNEL PLAN
NORTH
TOWER PROPERTY LINE
My typical work on the project was investigating areas of the program, generally the arrangement of spaces near the public levels of the project. Areas that included the forum, hotel space, lobbies, conference center as well as the subterranean aspects of our project, such as: parking, loading dock, mechanical areas, and connection with the underground Suburban Street Station concourse in the neighboring Comcast Center. The connection to the neighboring building was one of the major aspects of the program and was studied continuously. We looked at and revisited this area several times throughout the competition process to develop the connection and the forum to fit Jeans tastes as well as that of the client.
get correct orientation of our tower on the site. I then uploaded the model into Google Earth. After I uploaded the model I created several positions in which we could fly through Philadelphia and view the existing buildings, the new concepts being planned and our massing model. When all of
PROPERTY LINE
A large part of building a tower is the effect it will have on that city’s skyline and how it will be viewed as someone approaches the city and the views a person will have of it from various destinations. Creating a simple massing model in Google Sketchup I used the geo-link tool and linked our site to the model to
+22'
+20’
19TH STREET
+18’
+16'
+27' 18TH STREET
+34' 8'' +20' CC FOOD COURT TO SUBURBAN STREET STATION
COMCAST PLAZA +34' 8'' +27'
+16’
18TH ST
7'
COMCAST FOOD COURT +20'
SUBURBAN TRAIN TUNNEL -2.5'
INITIAL CONCEPT Contextual Studies
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Forum Concept and Explanation: TOWER
FORUM
+22'
+34' 8''
+27'
+20' CC FOOD COURT
+16' 19TH STREET
18TH STREET
TOWER
FORUM
+22'
+34' 8''
+27'
+20' CC FOOD COURT
+16' 19TH STREET
18TH STREET
TOWER
FORUM
+22'
+34' 8''
+27'
+20' CC FOOD COURT
+16' 19TH STREET
18TH STREET
PANORAMIC RESTAURANT
HOTEL LOBBY
OFFICE TOWER
COMCAST TOWER
GARDEN FORUM PARKING
ARCH ST
19th ST
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INITIAL CONCEPT Forum Concept and Explanation
CUTHBERT ST
18th ST
Original proposals were diagramed showing different ways of opening the forum to the public with a general placement of it and how it could connect with the underground tunnel to the nearby station. Once the an idea for the forum and how it worked with the connection between towers, a concept was launched mirror the Comcast Centers reflective facade so the two towers would provide an infinite of different views of each other when looking into their facing facades. When the decision for the forum was made to have an elevated outdoor space and several interior cubes containing different activities sections were drawn up by myself and another intern to show the development of it at a real scale. Eventually the cubes were removed and the forum became lined with shelves and a focal point for digital information was added. The LED mast at the beginning of the forum facade denotes the front of the building and is in line with the neighboring church’s cupola. When fully lit it is intended to display images that could be anything from a televised game or become an informative mast explaining the event happening within.
Structural Studies and Modular Planning:
OFFICE PLAN
HOTEL PLAN
MECHANICAL CATERED MEETING
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
OFFICE PLAN
HOTEL PLAN
COLUMNS 20' OC
OFFICE
OFFICE
COLUMNS 15' OC
OFFICE
MECHANICAL CATERED MEETING
HOTEL
SKYDECK
HOTEL
SKYDECK
OFFICE
During the beginning stages of this project Brian, the project manager, met with the firm’s structural consultants in New York, NY as well as video conference with the mechanical engineers. In order to prepare for these meetings I worked with him to develop a 3-D structural concept model using Rhino and AutoCAD. We began thinking about the grid spacing of columns and the alignment with the exterior window treatments. The 1800 Arch Street site was 160’ by 400’. We determined that a five foot module would be a suitable start and began working from that point forward. I drew up plan diagrams of 5’, 10’ and 20’ mullion placing to align with a column at it’s center line. After the plan and elevations were drawn up we then looked at 3D conceptual massing models with different materials in mind. We
HOTEL PLAN
HOTEL PLAN
PUBLIC AMENITIES
PUBLIC AMENITIES
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
wanted to look at and discuss the possibility of reinforced concrete forms and/or a steel truss system for the hotel functions maintaining a solid R/C core for central stability against lateral and compressive forces of the environment. I created the 3D model to figure out what would be needed in order to achieve the desired atrium in the hotel if Jean decided he wanted the hotel at the top of the tower. Taking a few of the structural sketches from Brian I created a series of different models for the consultants to look at and tell us what would be required for them to work. The first
series of models made were bare models to show the essentials, next I added floor slabs to show the engineers our intentions of the size of the towers and the amount of floor space we desired. Each series of models included the final massing model to show our desired form at the time of the meeting. Modeling this concept also helped us to understand how the tower circulation within the core would work as the building grew in height. There was a need to separate the general public from accessing the employees workspaces.
INITIAL CONCEPT Structural Studies
7
ARCH STREET
8
specifications from their brochures I created 2D drawings in Auto CAD to show how the systems would work in plan and section. It was determined that it would not be a viable solution and that we would return to the traditional ramp system used to access the underground loading dock and parking structure. That solution like many others on any project had it’s own set of limitations, mostly because we did not want to go below the bedrock that was believed to be twenty-five feet below the surface.
INITIAL CONCEPT Loading Dock and Parking Studies
CUTHBERT STREET
ARCH STREET
19TH STREET
concept called for an automatic parking garage for both the loading dock, NBC parking, and the parking garage. The garage manufacturer was a German company named Wohr which specialized in vertically oriented automated parking solutions. My study was to determine how much area of the building would be taken up because of the garage arrangement and how tall the options would be in order to accommodate for such a structure. Using Wohr’s
CUTHBERT STREET
ARCH STREET
19TH STREET
As the project progressed so did the nature of my work and the meetings with Jean. Before the first review with the client there were several “work shops” every couple weeks within the firm. Some were done in large groups and others were as simple as the Chef du Projet meeting with Jean during lunch or Jean himself peering over our shoulders when he was in the office. After collecting and analyzing the data for Jean, the team and myself developed a series of models and diagrams based on his sketches and ideas, doing our best to interpret what he wanted. One such idea I was assigned to work out, was his vision of how the parking aspect of the project was going to work. Jean wanted the vehicles to approach from 19th Street so I drew up a few loading dock solutions with the main access at ground level as a start. The client needed a twentysix parking places for NBC satellite vans, a loading dock, and approximately 150 vehicle locations in a parking garage. Jean’s initial
19TH STREET
Loading Dock and Parking Studies:
CUTHBERT STREET
Technical Report and Schematic Intent: At the conclusion of the parking solutions I began developing a series of solutions for the services that would be contained underground and a series of ideas for arranging the conference center at that level as well as within the tower. Because of the spatial requirement for the conference center and parking we determined that the forum couldn’t maintain the conference center with it’s current design proposal. By moving the conference elements we gained more than adequate amount of space for those functions of the program that were servicing the building and could maintain them below the forum floor. The overall decision was to place the center beneath the hotel and place those areas on two floors between the rentable office space and the hotel lobby and the guest rooms. This also gave the large semi-public entity a better view and made events there more exclusive.
With the intensity picking up so did the amount of work needing to be completed. The additional work on the project led to the team growing over the final weeks. Additional interns were brought in to assist with plans, sections, elevations, diagrams, and model making. At this point I shifted from diagrams and drawings for the project to the technical report. The technical report was to be turned into the client prior to the final review a few weeks later. During this portion of my internship I was taking the text written by the chef du projet and adding corresponding images to the document as well as creating new diagrams for images that we didn’t already have on file. The information received from our consultants was also added to show the client the feasibility of our concept along with a simple diagram of the structure and general floor office floor plans that we found to be the most economical.
This document along with our renderings, and other graphic representations was bound in specially made binders and hand delivered to the client. In the report we worked on explaining another contextual requirement they wanted to achieve with their building. This was to develop a technologically advanced working environment for future users and employees within it. Studies had been going into the new ways people are working, what they’re using, how they’re using it, and the spaces in which they’re working from. Looking at various working campus’s like the Google campus, Apple’s future facility, and a few buildings from the AJN archives, we derived the idea to have all areas of this building digitally connected to the users and made a few diagrams to explain our intended uses for this aspect of the design.
SUSPENDED BALCONY HANGER
12' TRUSS PIER HANGER 12' TRUSS
4' TRUSS
4' TRUSSES TYP
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SUSPENDED BALCONY
12' TRUSS
INITIAL CONCEPT Technical Report and Schematic Intent
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Simple Line Diagrams for Technical Report: PUBLIC HOTEL
CONFERENCE
OFFICE
v stacking - Hotel and conference center at top This stacking requires: • 4 stairs • 4 elevators for hotel/conference center RSF/GSF typical office floor = 83% Dimension A = 27’7 min – 58’9 max
PUBLIC SERVICE
Alternate stacking 1- Hotel at top, conference center at bottom This stacking requires: • 2 stairs • 2 elevators for hotel/conference center RSF/GSF typical office floor = 87% Dimension A = 35’1 min – 68’3 max
40% AVERAGE SITE COVERAGE
FORUM 159’ =40%
396’
PROPERTY LINE
Alternate stacking 2- Hotel and conference center at bottom This stacking requires: • 2 stairs • 0 elevators for hotel/conference center RSF/GSF typical office floor = 88% Dimension A = 43’4 min – 77’9 max 10 INITIAL CONCEPT Technical Report and Schematic Intent
TOWER
PROPERTY LINE
Part of the technical report included base diagrams to explain the concept of the proposal at that point of the design. Starting with the a simple block diagram we wanted to explain the option of the program that we thought was the best but gave the client a few different options they could have chosen from. The technological aspect of the building was to link the entire facility on a digital closed loop system so that it would be possible to view the projection happening on the screen hanging in the forum anywhere in the building via wifi or hard line connection. It is intended that the screen would be displaying worldly events up to the minute. Similar to the coverage of the highest free fall jump in history completed by Felix Baumgartner and sponsored by Red Bull. I also drew a simple line diagram to explain the zoning code compliance and how we used it to create the form of the building as well as our approach to using the full site. Basic office floor plans were also set into the report and used to explain our compliance with the Floor Area Ratio (FAR) of 1600%. Determined because our site falls under the CMX-5 building code for Philadelphia and is subject to the Super CMX-5 when approved.
65’
Tower Design Explanation Diagrams: To simply explain the overall project concept I drafted up a series of graphic representations to show the client leading up to the final review. Each diagram graphically represented the main points of the ideas happening at AJN.
SHUTTLE
ROOMS
HIGH RISE
MID RISE
LOW RISE
PUBLIC
HOTEL
CONFERENCE
PRIVATE
OFFICE
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
SERVICE
INITIAL CONCEPT Technical Report and Schematic Intent 11
FINAL DIAGRAMS Campus and Building Form:
BELVEDERE
BELVEDERE
HOTEL
HOTEL
BELVEDERE
CONFERENCE CENTER
After the dust settled from the technical report, we got back to work updating the documents with information we felt needed to be added and continued diagraming our intents and changes that needed to be made for the final presentation with the client. A major focus during the period after the technical review was how the hotel worked with the rest of the building and how it linked to the public space at ground level. The last few weeks with AJN I worked specifically on explaining how the hotel and forum worked. Using a set of 3-D models that I received from our digital modeling team, I created a series of axonometric diagrams to explain our concept. The diagrammatic explanations were used in conjunction with our renderings to simplify the concept of the hotel guest rooms, the hotel circulation, function stacking, and our floor plans. During this portion of the competition we also made diagrams simplifying and explaining the major concept of the reflective facade, how we determined the final form of the building, and what site contexts we used to mold the building into what became the tower at 1800 Arch St. Because the client’s current building called the Comcast Center, occupied by the American cable and internet company the Comcast Corporation and their need to expand; Jean saw fit to begin cre-
OFFICE
OFFICE CONFERENCE CENTER LOBBY
OFFICE LOBBY
BASE PROPOSAL
HOTEL CONFERENCE CENTER LOBBY
OPTION 1
OPTION 2
TOTAL TOWER GFA
1 363 539
TOTAL TOWER GFA
1 394 844
TOTAL TOWER GFA
1 392 145
OFFICES GROSS FLOOR SF RENTABLE FLOOR SF
86.02 % 1 035 680 890 830
OFFICES GROSS FLOOR SF RENTABLE FLOOR SF
85.42 % 1 086 022 927 669
OFFICES GROSS FLOOR SF RENTABLE FLOOR SF
83.71 % 1 067 388 893 527
HOTEL GROSS FLOOR SF
327 859
HOTEL GROSS FLOOR SF
HOTEL GROSS FLOOR SF
308 822
327 757
3°
FORMAL DETERMINATION OF TOWER HEIGHT
FORMAL DETERMINATION OF FACADE ANGLE
REFLECTION CONNECTION WITH COMCAST
FORMAL DETERMINATION OF BELVEDERE
ating and developing the area into what we began calling the Comcast Campus. Comcast currently occupies ninety percent of Comcast Center and was going to be the primary lease holder in the new tower across the street. They have also
12 FINAL DIAGRAMS Campus and Building Form
began work on a project for a small studio on the south-west corner of the Center’s parcel. Keeping those items in mind we worked on creating a link between the two buildings and their parcels to develop the area into a large pedestrian area similar to Rockefeller Plaza.
Site Development and Comcast Campus:
SITE
AREA OF OUR STUDY
1/3 BUILT
LAND USE 2/3 PUBLIC SPACE
NBC 10
In order to accurately convey our campus idea to the client I was given a few sketches to create; showing how we developed our final proposal for the end product. The first drawing was to show the existing site as the project documentation dictated followed by the area we saw as the future of Comcast and it’s connection in Philadelphia. Next came the division of property that is planned to happen between the new tower, forum, and future NBC studios. Throughout Jean’s concept proposal there was a strong desire to link the building with more than an underground concourse as well as to give back a large surface area to the general public for use throughout the day. The idea was started because of the layout of Reading Terminal Market a few blocks away that has a large area dedicated to food services and shops for patrons passing to and from the trains during the daily business activities. Aligning these activities we created a spine linking the campus’s towers.
COMCAST CAMPUS SPINE UNDERGROUND SPINE
FINAL DIAGRAMS Site Development 13
Forum and Tower Development:
TOWER
OFFICES
HOTEL
After the technical review aesthetics went into forming quick visuals to go along with the site development and tower explanation. Starting with the site I added the building and began to add it’s components to explain the different functions. Starting from the ground up Jean and the design teams worked around a core building the office high rise for Comcast and other potential tenants. To keep the private functions separate from each other the hotel components were placed near the top of the tower. The hotel and office spaces were separated by a two level conference center. Capping the tower off was the grand view of the city and the public functions in the belvedere. At the base of it all is the forum which became known as Universal Square and will the center of the Comcast Campus. This element of the project is the most flexible, and is intended to host any major event or exhibition.
BELVEDERE
UNIVERSAL SQUARE
14 FINAL DIAGRAMS Tower Development
Universal Square Development:
CUTHBERT STREET MARKET
LOWER SQUARE
UPPER SQUARE
At the center of the campus lies Universal Square. A large space designed to host several different events. The everyday functions include the covered market place that becomes a pedestrian zone for shopping, eating, and leisure activities. Under the forum roof lies the shelves, what also became known as the Lower Square. This is the space in which major interior functions would be made possible and range from large banquets to major exhibitions. Features of Universal square included the roof top pavilion, Upper Square, complete with a screen that would be the largest of it’s kind rivalling the existing screen in Comcast Center’s lobby and able to host an night club with in it. Keeping with high-tech developments the LED mast would be a major attraction hosting informative messages that would scroll continuously completing the square and it’s major components.
BELVEDERE HOTEL
OFFICES
SCREENUPPER CLUB SQUARE MAST
UNIVERSAL SQUARE
FINAL DIAGRAMS Universal Square Development 15
Explanation BELVEDERE
BELVEDERE
HOTEL
HOTEL
HOTEL
CONFERENCE CENTER
CONFERENCE CENTER
CONFERENCE CENTER
OFFICE LOBBY
OFFICE LOBBY
OFFICE LOBBY
OFFICE
HOTEL
BELVEDERE
UPPER LOBBY OBSERVATION PLATFORM / TERRACE
LOBBY / ATRIUM
GUEST ROOMS SWIMMING POOL SHUTTLE ELEVATORS
CONFERENCE CENTER TERRACE
STRE
LOWER LOBBY
ET
ST
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ARCH
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When working on the final Diagrams for the hotel functions as well as the forum, we selected a series of axonometric plans, a three dimensional exploded axonometric view and another 3D view showing the tower and forum in it’s site but focusing on the movement from the lower lobby to the hotel and belvedere. To explain the circulation, we used the function stacking diagram and showed the vision of how the elevators were going to move people vertically through the tower. The axonometric diagram of the hotel as a hole was to show the placement of those functions at the top of the tower. Capping the tower was the Belvedere; a public space created to give visitors of the hotel, restaurant, or building an unobstructed view of the city surrounds. Standing within the belvedere one would be submerged in the city through a series of mirrors reflecting and refracting the landscape and buildings around Philadelphia. Mirrored surfaces are planned for the ceiling as well as the walls within the atrium and belvedere to achieve the desired effect. The guest room diagrams were
BELVEDERE
19
Diagrammatic of the Hotel:
made to show the major theme behind it’s design, also reflections. The base room is one that shows the room’s view that can be reflected in the room or left so that an occupant can use the window to only view the exterior. The second diagram is to show that when not in use or upon command the room
16 FINAL DIAGRAMS Hotel Axonometric Diagrams
can reflect an image throughout the room along the mirrors. A third and final option shows that it can be controlled so that an occupant can only watch what he/she wants to on the screen as well as control the view through the window. Any series desired can also be achieved if the person wishes too do so.
Lower Square Event Examples: UP DOWN
UP DOWN
INDUSTRIAL
INDUSTRIAL
LIFT
UP DOWN
UP DOWN
BEAUX ARTS BALL
UP DOWN
UP DOWN
UP DOWN
UP DOWN
INDUSTRIAL
INDUSTRIAL
LIFT
AUTOMOBILE EXHIBIT
UP DOWN
UP DOWN
UP DOWN
UP DOWN
INDUSTRIAL
INDUSTRIAL
LIFT
MONUMENTAL ART EXHIBIT
UP DOWN
UP DOWN
UP DOWN
UP DOWN
To maintain the graphic language after the break, I was instructed to create a series of ideas for the forum with another intern. These schematic layouts were set to put a visual scale to the forum for the events that could be taking place after it’s completion. The forum also needed to have the same graphic language and standards, so I worked with the graphic design department getting their working pallet of colors, line weights and line types. I began working with the intern had already started on the forum diagrams. I took his base drawing of the forum to explain our concept and created simple drawings of how the space could be used during different events both public and private. When everything was as close to finished as it was going to be we bound it as we did before and began packing the model for transportation to Philadelphia. My work at AJN concluded when everything was loaded into the cab heading to Charles de Gaulle. I started work there on day one of the competition and ended my internship on it’s final day.
INDUSTRIAL
INDUSTRIAL
LIFT
BASKETBALL EXHIBITION GAME
FINAL DIAGRAMS Lower Square Event Examples 17