Deconstructing the Department Store - Thesis project 2020-2021

Deconstructing the Department Store: Revisioning the Experience Ecology

David Bemus New York Institute of Technology - LI 2020 - 2021 Professor Dongsei Kim

“Time is the most valuable thing a man can spend” - Theophrastus 200 A.D

From the Author This booklet is the documented journey of my thesis research from the start of the fall 2020 semester. The contexts of this book is broken down into five chapters that explain my thesis and the research paired with it. The chapters are set up to narrate a specific tone of internal conflict to architectural resolve while also addressing the who, what and how general concepts when developing a proper thesis question. Before the year started, I took the opportunity to reflect my own life, especially the last five years and assessed the successes and pitfalls that I found myself in. The biggest conflict I experienced during the last five years (my undergraduate) was the lack of time. Semesters would come and go and before I knew it, here I am at the last year. I wondered if anyone felt this way and how bad it could really get since people are consumed in 30 - 40 year careers. That is the core of my research and from there I was able to start to answer the questions of lifestyle and societal trends that cause this phenomenon. Chapter 1 starts to question this phenomenon as the rest of the booklet prepares an architectural resolution. At the end of this booklet, I prepare my thesis to start to develop and design an new experience typology in the heart of the suburban landscape. I conclude this booklet with my personal solution to the universal conflict affecting society today.

Table of Contents:

1

The 3rd Spatial Realm Understanding the Realms Walt Disney World - Disneyfacation Brandscapes Horton Plaza, San Deigo

2

12 20 24 26

The Living Precedent New York City Bethpage MoMA PS2

3

32 34

America’s Backyard Hicksville Experiential Mapping

38 46

4

Health is Happy Long Island Energy One Angel Square Guggenhiem NYC

5

52 60 62

Materializing the Realm Exquisite Corpse Parc de la Villette, Paris Parti Diagram Character Analysis Conceptual Design Finl Thoughts

6

References

66 68 72 73 75 108 112

Deconstructing the Big Box Store: Revisioning the Experience Ecology

The 21st century is a relentless machine in which each person must work faster and harder than the next to achieve anything meaningful in life. Once a person is caught within the machine it is very difficult to escape and remember what is most important; family, friends and happiness. As a college student, I too get trapped by the busyness of the everyday and I believe this is a physiological phenomenon that can be broken. Especially in this Covid world, people have witnessed great sorrow and a halt in the working machine which allowed for a simple blessing, time. Time is a great and dangerous tool but I believe it is the key to unlocking the solution to the busyness phenomenon and changing societal trends towards a more health and social aware environment. The working machine only considers two realms of spatial influence, the living and the working, rejecting the in-between realm, but when all three realms are activated, people have the maximum opportunity for happiness. This thesis is focused on creating this new typology embodying the three realms within an American icon, the big box store. Deconstructing the Big Box store allows us to understand the current environment and redesign it with key principles; time, characters and technology. Time applied to the program and structure will be used to create a system of shared time and speed of time spent. Characters will help inform the program, plan, and site context to fulfill an unique typology for the greater box store location. Finally, new technologies will help establish a fabric for storytelling to be fluid in the design. In conclusion, a new experience typology from the deconstruction of the Big Box store will materialize a space for exploration, play, socialization and rest that will represent the alternative of living within a two dimensional spatial influence machine.

08

Research

Identified Issue

Site Site Photos Site Experience

Massive traffic on 107/106 merge Not enough green design on Long Island and lots of wasted energy/money

Health Long Island Energy General Mental Health General Physical Health (in terms of stress & time)

Lots of stress in daily life resulting in lower life span.

Leisure Average Time Spent per day Average time spent (leisure) Leisure mapping (Nassau) Connectivity to NYC

Too much time per day is spent on electronics, indoor at home Barely any culture on Long Island, most travel to the city for entertainment

Culture Brandscaping Brandhub Fantasy City Culture Industry

Lack of interest in Brandscapes as a profession

Demographics Population Density Average Median Income Employment Field

Lots of workers are in high stress jobs which require long hours

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Ar

rchitectural Solution

Relevant Case Studies

Designing green to minimize pollutants and set precedence for suburban shopping centers

1 Angel Square, Manchester 3D Reid

Creating a space that plays on length of stay by various program (cultural but residential)

Walt Disney World, Orlando Analysis by Anna Klingmann

Creating a link of culture and leisure between NYC to the suburban expanding culture and accessability

Bethpage MoMA P.S. 2, Bethpage

Intergrating brands as an architectural tool to composing public spaces that works to involve the greater community

Horton Plaza, San Diego

Design Proposal

Jon Jerde Partnership

Designing a health postitive space that encourages physical activity and mental breaks from the everyday

Guggenheim Musesum, NYC Frank Llyod Wright

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Chapter 1

The 3 Spatial Realm rd

Impact of the In-Between

13

Brecht Vandenbroucke

What does means to be trapped?

Does the artwork on the left describe your life in the moment? Day by day, you are so busy that you don’t realize the sun went down or you forgot a meal. Times can be stressful and demanding but for some, it’s a never ending cycle. We know how this lifestyle can effect a persons mental and physical state on an individual level, but what about a societal level? It's interesting to think that society itself has forced people into the trap of never having enough time. The quote

by Tim Kreider in the Busy Trap suggests that this trap was set by society and can be broken at any time, once the individual realizes that they are stuck. As a student and part time employee, I too feel stuck in the busy trap and wonder if there is an architectural solution that can be presented. This chapter starts to propose questions in which I asked myself when starting my research into free time, physiology and the trends society has created.

1st Realm Living

The Busy Trap

2nd Realm Working

“The present hysteria {being busy} is not a mecessary or inevitable condition of life; it’s something we’ve chosen, if only by our acquiescence to it.”

- Tim Kreider (The Busy Trap)

14

How do we know?

The 2020 American Time Spent Survey starts to answer the question of how we know that people are trapped. Examining how people spent their time within a 24 hour period, it is clear that both men and women have very little time for free time, less than 5 hours a day, unconsecutively. Work, sleep, housework claim the most amount of time which limits the amount of time each individual can spend consecutively doing things that either relax them or fulfill them. When we dive into the 5 hours of free time, we can note that the majority of that time is spent on electronics, television or phones, not on physical activities or socializing opportunities.

Men

Women

Personal Care

Housecare

Eating

Work

Free Time

Other

Men

Women

Screen Time

Excerise

Reading

Socializing

Relaxing

Other

15

Why does it matter?

I strongly believe that people deserve to have the opportunity for happiness and the ability to have time for themselves. Without this time, life can fly by without even realizing it. Growing up, my family worked hard to make time for the family including dinners and gatherings. Due to this lifestyle, I was able to develop social skills like being able to hold a conversation, having the ability of empathy and sympathy, and the courage to lead and be heard. These characteristics in children are lost if the family structure is not together. For grown people, life is short and spending that time trying to get that promotion or other materialic venture comes at a cost. Below are major side effects to the busy trap that people might not think apply to them but do. If these symptoms are self given as Tim Kreider suggests, wouldn’t you think that a major lifestyle change is in order?

When a person is trapped in the endless cycle of the busy trap, studies from the World Health Organization showcase side effects that are harmful to ones health, physically and mentally.

- Social withdrawal

- Lack of exercise

- Anxiety

- Drug/alcohol use

- Depression

- Dietary inbalances

- Overwhelmed

- Smoking

- Resetlessness

- Angry outbursts

And in its most extreme case 16

.. Suicide

Jon Han

How do we escape?

The first step to escaping the busy trap is to realize that you are in it.

Knowledge is key in this case as a full breakdown of your everyday lifestyle goes into question. It starts with little changes, come home from work on time, take an hour a day for yourself, start exercising.

These are all little things that make a huge difference but it must start with you. Architecturally speaking, it is the job of the architect to create the spark that breaks the loop of busyness. Space, atmosphere and experience are key tools that can easily snap people out of their schedules to explore something new.

1st Realm Living

3rd Realm In-Between

2nd Realm Working

Along with the first realm of living and second realm of work, architects must break a wedge in the loop to create an inbetween, the 3rd realm. This realm is specifically for free time and leisurely activities.

The 3rd realm isn’t its own entity, but an extension of the loop. If a person lives their life within all 3 spatial realms, they will realize the amount of time and opportunity that they have when it comes to doing anything they desire. The artwork on the left highlights this break in the loop and by the implied expression of the person in the middle, this space is foreign. Most people don’t know what to do as they probably haven't had the opportunity of free time in a long time.

This is where my thesis creates a space that can bring people together, to socialize, to bond. In a Covid-19 world, this can be a challenge but it can also lead to something new. People are craving togetherness, connections and they are bursting at the seams, notably in the news. Having a space dedicated to leisure can make a significant difference in a community.

18

19

Walt Disney’s E.P.C.O.T

Who else had this thought?

Walt Disney Walt Disney World Resort - Epcot Case Study One man with many dreams, Walt Disney was an innovator in the spectrum of storytelling and making the impossible possible. From a simple animator working for a major New York City newspaper company to creating his own studio, Walt took a quiet industry and turned it on its head. The Walt Disney Studio was the first to create an animation with sound, Steamboat Willie, then creating the first animated feature film, Snow White. His fame and recognition was known all over the world but that still wasn’t enough for him. Being a brilliant storyteller, creating films in the two dimensional world was somewhat limiting to him as he wondered how he can bring his stories to a new plane. This started the development of Disneyland.

Instead of architects, he instructed animators and other storytellers to materialize his worlds. Disneyland was a massive success as Walt and his studio were able to create an experience rather than a theme park. Disneyland generates millions of visitors which led him to Orlando, Florida. Here, Walt was very interested in the idea of an utopia and how people can live, work, and play within the same place (Timewarp). This place would be called epcot and it would be an environment that invited people to experience a lifestyle within the three different realms. Unfortunately, due to Walt’s death, the grand utopia took another turn and ultimately wasn’t fulfilled as he had envisioned, but it definitely created inspiration for others, including myself.

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What did we learn?

Designing an experience is not an easy task especially when you are trying to please vase about different people and groups. In the case of Disney, this company succeeded when designing for the paying customer (which I don’t believe was Walt’s vision). If you can pay to enter their themed environments and stories, you would have a blast, however if you can’t afford the admission ticket, you are out of luck.

Additionally both themed resorts in America are enclosed from the surrounding communities, to give the illusion of another world.

However, this comes with positives and negatives. Critics believe the parks separates the community up and doesn’t consider site context and local infographics. Since Disney constructed his own world within the swamps (Florida), it rejected the idea of existing community integration. Instead, Disney created its own community, Celebration, FL in which the companies values and morals would be forced to the residences and any breaking of these rules would be eviction. In the eyes of an urban planner, this is like doomsday and this relationship between business and community is toxic which creates an idea of corporate greed and ownership. This is why the term Disneyfication was created by a critic in 1959 in a book addressing the power of corporations in the architectural realm.

Disneyfication n

1. the transformation (as of something real or unsettling) into carefully controlled and safe entertainment or an environment with similar qualities

The term above is derogatory and discredits Disney’s theme park as an architectural advancement. Walt Disney had an unique power of unlocking people's happiness and expressing it in the three dimensional space. Walt’s theme parks, although not perfect, are a valid example of how architecture applied within the 3rd realm and beyond can break the busy trap, create memories for families and friends, and make it everlasting. It is a precedent that I will be taking for my thesis as it is a clear precedent of what architecture could be and how thin the balance beam can be.

21

Are people encouraged to explore?

The University of Florida School of Construction and Design with the use of thier new Themed Enivornments program teaches students to understand the impact of Brandscapes and implication into the architectural landscape.

“Themed environments enhance a wide range of human experiences from real estate development projects, museums/exhibitions, retail, dining and entertainment venues, to theme parks and cruise ships. Because of advancements in technology, end-user demands such as speed to market, and competition for customers, the sophistication and complexity of themed environments is rapidly challenging traditional design/construction practices and requiring development teams to adapt and innovate to remain competitive within the industry”

22

Architecture Terminology:

Key transformations:

Need to Desire

Purpose

Performance to Experience

Program

Plan to Chorgraphy

Circulation

Program to Ambience

Facade

Impact to Contact

Structure

Function to Form

Plan

Commodity to Catalyst

Section

Object to Subject

Site

23

How do we design experience?

Brandscapes: Architecture in the Experience Economy Anna Klingmann In this book, Anna Klingman sets up the narrative to a successful brand within the architectural context. Her perspective on architecture, the brandscapes, is that each architect and their designs must themselves become a brand. The brand has many purposes other than name recognition as it also creates precedent for an unique purpose or story behind it. Klingmann starts to analyze different works of architecture around the world to compare the effectiveness of the brand and how corporation intervention in the architectural realm is the next wave of architecture. The experience economy, as she calls it, is the new way of developing buildings of any capacity as people must experience space rather than space being functional. This book talks about feelings and how one might imagine themselves within the space and how their lifestyle is highlighted or changed in the space. Due to this understanding, architecture must be for the greater community, and the concept of scale is key to a successful brand.

Klingmann moves on to write about scheme, program, and the eventual impact of the design. The most impactful transformation that Klingmanns refers to is play of architectural term association. The graphic on the left highlights the word play and how it can be applied to many different architectural terminology and processes.

24

Courtesy of The Cultural Landscape Foundation

Courtesy of MVRDV

25

Have the transformations been applied?

Horton Plaza San Deigo, California Jon Jerde Partnership

Dutch Pavilion Hannover, German MVRDV

Case Studies The Jon Jerde Partnership through their various works, most notably the Horton Plaza, redefined the meaning of creating space in its time. The methodology of designing space for public use is not created “by somebody” but created “by everyone”. Especially illustrated in the Horton Plaza, different groups of design teams created different sections of the project to materialize an “intense heterogeneity to the point where multiple themes continuously collide, allowing for manifold interpretations and viewpoints.” (Klingmann) The use of multiple concepts allows the user to experience the different spaces in their own which gives this project a unique experience to every person. The layered and colliding design constitutes a change in clientele from the consumer to the community. The MVRDV Dutch Pavilion also utilizes a layering approach to different landscapes to create a vertical experience for its visitors. This eco-building services as a fully functional living space, inviting the community in to experience its different landscapes. The surrounding buildings used as offices space is still used creativity as the connecting roof tops act as a circulatory circuit of activity and leisurely space. It is clear by the precedents of both designs that a focus on the human experience is key to a successful design especially when it comes to pushing a particular design program.

26

What will my Architecture be?

A New Experience Typology within the suburban landschape Thesis How can an experience center, encompassing the 3 realms of spatial influence, be materialized within the suburban landscape.

The question of what my architecture will be in the development of this project is, in short, an experience. This experience will not just be a place of community, but of a setting for lifestyle change and reformation. The idea that many places around the world can materialize the 3 realms of spatial influence within the same space and time is critical to the redevelopment of that environment. The desire to create leisure and opportunity for memories in the heart of the suburban landscape is not only trilling but a difficult task. However, the impact to the community and society as a whole, architecturally speaking, can be revolutionary. These impacts don’t just effect the individual but how the community interacts with each other, especially in the current/post Covid-19 era. What this experience hopes to accomplish is simple, more time and more opportunity. When we look around the neighborhood, we see shops closing, large box stores going out of business and the online virtual universe take over. The thesis question I propose is unique to the community in which it will affect but ideally, the concepts can be replicated in other suburbs around the world. This research will not only prove how the make-believe can become reality, but how this new reality will become the new normal.

28

Chapter 2

The Living Precedent The City

“Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.”

- Jane Jacobs

31

Do TimeWarps exist?

American Cities Living Experience Centers Case Study Once we understand what makes people happy, such as good health, we must find where people are happy, programmatically. Cities are a great example since its program is ever changing with the lastest trends and fads.

Taking Mahattan, New York as our closest city, we will analysis its program and how it can be categorized based on its potential social interaction

PLAY

SOCIALIZE

Culture Museums Sports Shopping

Food Theatres Clubs/Bars Night-Life

EXPLORE

REST

Fashion Art Technology Music

Hotel Spa Transportation Nature 32

Courtesy of Nelson Peng, Yang Wang, Zhongwei Li

33

Bethpage MoMA P.S. 2 Bethpage, Long Island Student Proposal Project Case Study The Bethpage MoMA P.S. 2 project proposal is featured in the Designing Suburban Futures: New Models from Build a Better Burb book by June Williamson. The book itself is a study of various projects and proposals that work to reinvent the suburban landscape and its larger impact to the local community. The Bethpage proposal is a creative solution to the lack of art culture in the surbian context of a Long Island town. The project’s concept is to expand the scope of art culture from the center city (Manhattan) to Bethpage via the Long Island Rail Road. “The idea channels the influence of world-class art activities from Manhattan to Bethpage, through the Long Island Rail Road system”. The proposal itself is limited to the singular rail that connects Manhattan to Bethpage but the concept can be expanded to reach other neighborhoods. This proposal presents an unique way not only to advance the art culture in the suburban landscape but to create a programmatic connection between the urban and suburban environments.

34

Chapter 3

America’s Backyard Site Analysis

3.

1.

4.

2.

Legend: Site Parks LIRR Station

37

Hickville, Long Island Population: 42,649

1.

2.

3.

4.

Voices of the Community “We are like a melting pot with all nationalities.” - Shirley Johnson “there is a park, a mall, several schools with parks, a train that takes you to the greatest city in the world, tons of diverse restaurants” Matt Smith Opinions are gathered from Facebook group poll - 2020 38

Legend: Program Site

Commerical

Residental

Parks

Shopping

Culture

LIRR Station

Education

39

Hickville, Long Island Population: 42,649

40

Legend: Median Household Income Site

$75,000 - $100,000

Parks

$100,001 - $150,000

LIRR Station

41

Hickville, Long Island Population: 42,649

Average Employment Retail Education Admin Manufacturing Finance Health care Construction Other

2%

4%

6%

8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 22% 24% 26% 28%

Voices of the Community “A real downtown. Restaurants/shops a farmer's market all should be Walkable.” - Robert Zenor “We will not pull out of this economic devastation until live entertainment returns.” - Dennis Duca Opinions are gathered from Facebook group poll - 2020 42

Legend: Population Density Site

500 - 1,000 p/sq mi

Parks

1,001 - 2,500 p/sq mi

LIRR Station

2,501 - 5,000 p/sq mi 5,001 - 10,000 p/sq mi 10,001 - 25,000 p/sq mi 43

Hickville, Long Island Population: 42,649

44

Can a connection be made?

*According to the LIRR 2018 Annual Ridership report, 28.8 million ride the Ronkonkoma and Port Jefferson Branch annually suggesting that the majority of riders pass through the Hicksville station

Legend: Site - Hickville Nassau County Line LIRR Stations Botanical Gardens

Shopping Malls 10 minute Walk 10 minute Drive 15 minute Drive

Cultural Sites 45

Can a connection be made?

Similar to the ideas presented in the Bethage MoMA P.S. 2 project, a connection between the urban and suburban landscape can be made possible through the use of the Long Island Rail Road. Hicksville Station is one of the biggest stations on the Island that sees a large number of people passing through each day. Programs and other brandscapes can also be connected via the LIRR which would create a hub for people to explore the Hicksville area and local businesses

Experiential Mapping Photography

46

Chapter 4

Health is Happy Energy Analysis

Health is Happy?

To understand the importance of leisure to the everyday person, we have to elevatute what makes people happy. The 2007 Leisure Market Research Handbook notes a GfK NOP 2005 Roper Study that reported what activities made people happy. The results are the following:

Good Health:

84%

A home you own:

60%

Childern:

48%

An interesting job:

46%

Free and leisure time:

36%

49

In comparison, the IPSOS 2020 Gobal Hapiness Study: What Makes People Happy in the Age of COVID-19 researched the same key activities and the results are the following:

Good Health:

92%

8%

A home you own:

88%

28%

Childern:

63%

15%

An interesting job:

72%

26%

Free and leisure time:

80%

Increase

44%

During Covid-19 times, good health has a direct result in overall happiness, followed by increased desire for free time. Designing while being health conscious is critical to a successful concept.

50

New York Energy Consumption Flow Chart 2018 Data

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

Petroleum 1,329

Coal

Natural Gas Geothermal

16.7

1,394

Nuclear

1.2

Biomass

449

Hydro

36.4

Solar

270

17.7

1237

Electricity Generation

NEIGHBORHOOD SCALE

789

Rejected Energy 276

Industrial

691

Commerical

861

Residential 1117

Transportation

Rejected Energy 79%

HUMAN SCALE

Wind

148

COUNTY/STATE SCALE

Total: 3,742 T

RENEWABLE ENERGY

16%

Home Cooling

14%

Home Heating

Rejected Energy

35%

35%

12%

Water Heating

10%

Lighting

6%

Refridgeration

53%

6%

Electronics

1%

Other

*Number of energy generation in trillion BTU https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/commodities/energy https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/electricity-use-in-homes.php

Health and Energy?

Architecturally speaking, energy plays an important role in the health of a community as pollution and heat island cause poor health and lower life expectance. Of course poor health leads to unhappiness and a lack of interest in enjoyment.

COUNTY/STATE SCALE

17.7

Solar

Why is so little renewable energy generatored in comparison to non-renewable enegry?

NEIGHBORHOOD SCALE

All of that rejected energy is heat put into the atmosphere causing global warming.

HUMAN SCALE

Rejected Energy

1%

789

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Do we have to rely on the state power plants to power our designs? Can’t we do it ourselves?

Other

276

270 53%

Hydro

6%

1237

Industrial

36.4

Electronics

Rejected Energy

35%

Wind Electricity Generation

148

6% 691

Biomass

Refridgeration

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

449

Commerical

Nuclear

10%

Lighting 861

1.2

Geothermal

12% 35%

1,394

Natural Gas 16.7

Will your design survive when we run out of natural resourses?

Lots of Natural Gas is used to power homes?

Is that the only way?

Water Heating

Residential Rejected Energy

79% 14%

1117

Coal

Home Heating

Transportation

1,329

Petroleum

16%

Total: 3,742 T

New York Energy Consumption Flow Chart 2018 Data

Do we have to turn on the central heating/cooling system to temperate our homes?

Home Cooling

*Number of energy generation in trillion BTU https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/commodities/energy https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/electricity-use-in-homes.php

The 3 overlays I focus on when looking at the current energy situation and eventual impact are the following:

- History - Site - Retail 52 62

The St. Lawrence-FDR plant has begun construction with supervision of Robert Moses, NY’s master builder. In 1961, construction started on the Niagara power project, the largest hydroplant in the western world at the time

1969

1967

1954

1907

Charles Evans Hughes promotes waterpoer to generate cheaper power for New Yorkers whereas years later Teddy Roosevelt was opposed because of the possibilities of monopoly.

Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1931 signed legislative in support of waterpower

Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller organized a panel to determine the state’s power needs. The final recommendation was that the state should invest in more nuclear and pumped storage hydroelectric plants.

Construction be Blenheim-Gilbo storage power was considered generation of po generation for t York Power Aut (NYPA).

NEW YOR

Long I 1973

Town officials sign off on a major nuclear power plant to be contructed in Shoreham, NY to limit the use of natural resourse power plants and to join the neclear revolution

53

After the devast the Three MIle I Nuclear plant a protests started construction of ham plant. Town abandoned the years before the distaster of 1986

1984

Lilco designs and constructs the Northport Power Plant, a natural resourse and oil burning power plant located in hicksville to support growing population.

1967

1911

The Long Island Lighting Company is founded after purchasing 5 small electric companies in Nassau and Suffolk county. Lilco using natural resourses to provide electricity to the Island for generations.

2010

2000

1972

egun on the oa pumped project. It d the second ower the New thority

Governor Rockefeller responds to an emerging energy shortfall by approving NYPA to construct plants to generate power for NYC. This lead to giving private utility of the plants to NYPA.

A new age of competition was born from the monopolies with the help of the NYPA. In November, NYPA sold two of its plants to private ownership which was the largest privatization of New York State assets.

NYPA is leadinga path for reducing energy consumption by installing various programs at the state level such as solar panels on homes. NYPA plans to continue to lead New York into a cleaner future.

RK STATE

Potential for Green Energy

Island Lilco goes out of business and the power plants of the island is turned to the government.

Long Island Power Authority takes over adminstative task whereas Keyspan controls day to day operations

One year after Superstorm Sandy, governor Cuomo signs LIPA reform act which ensures storm relief aid and starts the timeline for total carbon free enegry by the year 2040. PSEG-LI replaces Keyspan in 2014 and controls daily maintance and repairs.

2013

1998

Hurricane Gloria ripped through Long Island and New Jersey leaving devastation in its path. Millions of dollars in damage and thousands without power.

This was the start of the era of Superstorms.

1985

tations of Island accident, d to stop the the shoren official project 2 e Chernabog 6.

54

55

56

Shopping malls can on average use up to 650 kWh per year per square meter. Broadway Commons, Hicksville uses roughly 72,463,950 kWh per year which not only cost an estimate of �30,000 a year but the commons consume as much power as 6,588 households her year!

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Percentage of total Energy Consumption

26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2

Lighting

Heating Waterheating Cooling Ventilation

Cooking Refridgeration

Shopping Mall Facilities 57

Other

Shopping malls can save up to 94% of thier energy consumption by instituting green energy programs. This is not only save the environment from pollution, but yearly electricity costs will decrease dramatically!

Intergrate non-enclosed Spaces

Design space for micro-generator

Designing Green

Design will reflective roof structures

Invest in Energy Management Systems

Service the Hvac Systems annually

58

Courtesy of 3D Reid

59

How do we design Green?

1 Angel Square Manchester England Architect: 3D Reid Case Study

One Angel Square is a commerical office space that is fully flexible in terms of space. The design delivers a 50% reduction in energy consumption and 80% reduction in carbon. This reduction of consumption will reduce operating cost by 30%. The reduction of consumption is made possible by ground breaking double skinned facade to minimise heating and cooling of the incoming air. Additionally, concrete slabs incorportated in the floors act as a thermal sponge reducing the need for temperature adjustments.

60

Courtesy of James Norwood

61

How do we design Exercise?

Guggenheim Museum Manhattan, New York Architect: Frank Llyod Wright Case Study

Frank Llyod Wright’s Guggenheim museum located in Manhattan is one of the gems of the architecture community. This precedent gives plenty of inspiration when designing any type of space, but for this thesis, I took a look at its circulation and its effect on human health and time spent. Firstly, the circular ramp leading up to the highest floor is on a slight incline which makes a person walk significantly to experience the museum entirely. This circulation causes visitors to involuntarily exercise as they go through the exhibits. Secondly, the exhibits themselves are stretched along the vertical plane in which a person must travel along the inclined path to go from one exhibit to another. In essence, a person must go from one exhibit to another in particular order which lets the curators design the space accordingly.

This manipulation of time spent on each exhibit and time spent within the whole space is controlled without obvious intentions. This control leads to a more enjoyable time for visitors and more exposure given to the displayed artwork.

62

Chapter 5

Materializing the Realm Conceptual Design

Combo #1

EVENT

SPACE

MOVEMENT

Combo #2

EVENT

SPACE

MOVEMENT

65

Exquisite Corpse Parntership with Melissa Dharampaul Studio Exercise In this exercise, Melissa and I were asked to list out or sketch an idea of each main key word, Event, Space, and Movement. Once we had our sketch, we interchanged them with eachother to generate a new programmic typology.

David EVENT

SPACE

MOVEMENT

Melissa EVENT

SPACE

MOVEMENT

66

Courtesy of ArchDaily

67

Where do we start?

Parc de la Villette Paris, France Architect: Bernard Tschumi Case Study

Tschumi’s parc de la Villette is an architectural approach to expanding what leisure can mean to not only its bounded site but the greater area as a whole. There are several inspirations I draw from this case study as this project closely aligns with my own thesis. Firstly, this completion was to revitalize an abandoned site, which is the core of my thesis, deconstructing abandoned box stores to serve a different purpose. The way Tschumi approached dissecting the site in Paris was to create organizational principles to create boundaries and space for activity. Firstly he starts with a grid, followed by points, curves then finally surfaces, in which the combination of all 4 allow for not only space but circulation, exploration, and rest. The concept of creating different gardens and using points as follies allowed the space to be discoverable and ever changing. As the project is a successful park today, I wanted to expand and challenge this case study as the way to approach to revitialing box stores. The challenges are as follows: 1. Change the informant of principles 2. Alter the objective of each principle 3. Adding a 5th principle, critical to completing the paradigm

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Layered Organization Principles Diagram

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Plan view of Organization Principles Diagram

If we take the original site plan, we can create a grid. The grid is composed of original architectural characteristics of the original sears building as we are transforming it, not ignoring the sites history.

From this grid, we can hatch out space to be our points. Instead of creating follies as Tschumi did, I want to create attractions to invite guests to explore, socialize, rest, and play. Next, curves will be places freeform like as to represent the playful nature of leisure itself. These curves will be boudaries, carving tools, outlines and walkable paths to be intergrated into the design. Finally from these curves, we can determine surfaces of programic space. With this we already challenged two design methods of Tschumi; 1. Grid informed points, which informed curves, which informed surfaces. Instead of all principles being determined by the grid 2. Using points as usable space, curves more than paths

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Curves imposed on original box store diagram

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The final challenge is to add the 5th principle which is TIME. Time is critical once understood to complete the paradigm as this tool can draw guest away from the everyday to experience something new. Of course this tool needs to be explores which is why characters based on the Hicksville community were created to study.

Character Schedule Anaylsis Character

Age

Occupation

Danny

12

Student

Nicole

23

Student

Kevin

38

Lawyer

Michelle

53

Hair stylist

David

22

Student

Schedule (Daily) 6am

5am

Sleep

Character

Age

Occupation

Danny

12

Student

Nicole

23

Student

Kevin

38

Lawyer

Michelle

53

Hair stylist

David

22

Student

Personal Care

Age

Occupation

Danny

12

Student

Nicole

23

Student

Kevin

38

Lawyer

Michelle

53

Hair stylist

David

22

Student

8am

9am

Commute

10am

11am

Work/School

12pm

Leisure

1pm

Meal

2pm

3pm

4pm

6pm

5pm

7pm

8pm

9pm

10pm

11pm

12am

Homecare/Homework

Schedule (Weekly) Wednesday

Tuesday

Monday

Sunday

Occupied

Character

7am

Friday

Thursday

Saturday

Free

Schedule (Seasonal) Janurary

Typical

Feburary

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Vacation

We can conclude that the highest potential for visitors is during the evening hours between 4pm - 9pm during the weekdays. Weekends have the most avalability throughtout the week and the summer months and the holiday week in december are the seasons of high volume. From this we can compose a program list.

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K

A

C

B

D

Program Diagram Time Spent Analysis P

15 - 60 minutes A. Marketplace B. Pavilion K. .5 mile Trail L. Bike Rental 1 - 2 Hours E. Car Showcase D. Art Museum East C. Esport Arena H. Art Museum West O. Fitness Center

J

L

N

O

M

E

F

G

1 - 3 Hours F. Film Studio G. Recording Studio J. Nature Garden M. Cuisine Carousel N. Diamond Bar & Grill

I

4+ Hours I. Theatre P. Daycare

Circulation Diagram Elevated Walkway General Site Ground Corridors Vehicle Lane

Time Speed Analysis

H

Medium of Movement

Low to High Speed

Walking, Running, Biking, Rollerblading

Low Speed

Walking

Low to Medium Speed

Walking

Low Speed Vehicle Lane

Driving, Riding, Biking

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Site Plan

Scale: 1/8”=1’0” 1pm Spring

75

76

Seating

Stage

BR-W

BR-M

Daycare Fitness Center

Dining space Dining space

Bike rental

Kitchen

Office

Diamond Bar Cuisine Carousel Station 1/2 Fitness Center C

C Kitchen A

Station 7/8

Kitchen D

Pvt Studio Pvt Studio Pvt Studio Pvt Studio

car lift

C

enterance Renting Office

Large Film studio Exhibit hall

Br

Pantry

Kitchen B

Station 3/4

Kitchen C C

Large recording studio

Control Room Lobby

Br BR-W

enterance

Master Plan Scale: 1/8”=1’0”

77

L

Station 5/6

Open Dining

Pvt lounge CL

g enterance

exhibit hall 2

e

exhibit hall 1

classroom

classroom

classroom

Exhibit 2b Exhibit 2

Lobby

m

enterance

enterance

enterance exhibit 3

BR BR Br Exhibit 1

Foyer

Office

BR Break Rm

Large Exhibit space

Storage

Lounge

Gift shop Mess. Level

enterance

C.

C.

BR-W

BR-M

Pvt Dressing

C.

C. Pvt Br Pvt Br C.

C. C.

C.

Pvt Dressing C. Pvt Br

C.

Pvt Dressing

Pvt Br Pvt Br Pvt Dressing

Pvt Dressing Pvt Br

Pvt Dressing Stage Backstage

Backstage Breakroom

showers Locker locker

BR-M

BR-W Showers

Costume Room Dressing room

78

2nd Level Plan Scale: 1/8”=1’0”

79

80

81

South Enterance Perspective

82

83

Overlooking Nature Garden Perspective

84

Left Side

Left Side

Right Side

West Facing Elevation 85

Right Side

86

Left Side

Left Side

Right Side

East Facing Elevation 87

Right Side

88

South Facing Elevation

North Facing Elevation

89

90

91

Main Enterance Perspective

92

93

North-East Enterance Perspective

94

Re-Imagined Sears Building Section 95

96

Art Museum East Section 97

98

North Side Section 99

100

Cuisine Carrosel Interior Perspective

Theatre Box Seat Perspective

101

Typical Concrete Form to Concrete Roof Detail

Concrete Roof Slab #4 @ 12” O.C. 1/2” Insulation Board Steel Beam 3/8” Metal Bolts Steel Mesh Concrete Form

Typical Concrete Form to Glazing Detail Double Pane Glazing Steel Glazing Connector Steel Mesh 3/8” Metal Bolt Concrete Form

Typical Concrete Form to Concrete Footing Detail Steel Casing Concrete Ledge Rebar Bolt Metal Plate Rebar Concrete Footing Concrete Slab Mesh 4” Concrete Slan Vapor Retarder Rigid Insulation 4” Gravel Layer

Typical Wall Detail - 1/32 Scale 102

Bird eye View - Evening

103

104

Site Axonometric

105

106

Bird eye View

Car Show Interior Perspective

107

Final Thoughts Taking time for oneself is alot more diffcult than one thinks.

Between working, caring for another, schoolwork, even sleeping it takes effort to find time to enjoy the little things, make new experiences and be together with ones you love. This thesis has really opened my eyes to the potential each person has to make a small change in their day to day to make living that much sweeter. In terms of designing an enivornment, reagardless of the theme, it takes a village. The idea for societial change was only planted in this thesis but it takes a whole community, a team to come together to make it happen. It takes people to come in, be inspired and make their mark on a space that transforms it from a shell to a home of sorts. People will always need homes and places to work, but it should be critical that a person has a place to escape, unwine and take a breathe. This level of creativity can take architecture to a whole new level, as we start to explore with new technologies available to use. For myself, this will be a life long issue that I will try to answer and its that kind of thinking that I will be bringing to the table during my masteral education. The more people think about interactions, connections, and true happiness can we start to explore ways of challenging the common norms.

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Reference

Thank you for your time

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