Belfry Bulletin Number 391_392

1 BELFRY BULLETIN Volume 34 No. 11 & 12 Numbers 391 and 392 November and December 1980 MONTHLY JOURNAL OF THE BRISTOL EXPLORATION CLUB The Bristol Exploration Club, The Belfry, Wells Road, Priddy, Nr. Wells, Som. Telephone: Wells 72126.

Editor: G. Wilton-Jones, 24, Buckinghamshire.

Telephone: Aylesbury (0296) xxxxx.

CONTENTS: Northern News Caves and Cave Art of Lesotho Coniston Copper Mines Dan yr Ogof Speleo-Teaser - answers Monthly Notes Wigmore - Some Thoughts Elm Cave - Diving Elm Cave - Survey Cooper's Hole Portland B.C.R.A. Conference, 1980 More Northern News Lifeline News from BCRA Caves and Caving Starlight Cave Members Address List, 1980

p1 p2 p3 p4 p4 p5 p6 p8 p9 p 10 p 11 p 12 p 13 p 14 p 4 & 16 p 15 p 17

Yes, I know it is unprecedented to run the November and December B.B.’s in one issue. By way of excuse, it was so I could get the Christmas issue out and delivered before the end of the year, and thereby catch up.

Hopefully the January 1981 B.B. will be produced IN January.

If you get your Lesotho Cave Art illustration loose it is because a well known national supermarket chain is reluctant to do this silly job for us in a hurry.

If you have not yet written anything for the B.B. this decade, remember that you have only nine years left, so why not start writing now and get it over with. So far I have ONE article far 1981 NEWS FROM OUR NORTHERN CORRESPONDENT It is reported that northern cave diver, Ian Watson, has discovered another Boreham in Littondale. For those of you who are unfamiliar with the area, Boreham Cave is known particularly for two things; its long, clear sumps and its impressive array of straws hanging above a still pool. Nearby Stonelands Cave also contains a long, incompletely explored sump. Presumably the new cave is also notable for a long sump of clear water. Watto is not saying anymore at present.

Unfortunately when the local farmer got to hear of the find he decided that the water supply had been polluted due to caving activities. He got together with the three other farmer/landowners of Littondale and cavers have been banned from the whole valley. Harry Long is trying to negotiate with the farmers, but until the valley is definitely open once more to cavers it would be wise to keep clear of the place, except of course to partake of ale at the "Queen's".

2 Hot off J-Rat's typewriter in Maseru, just over the border into Lesotho, comes this article on the decorated sandstone rock-shelters of the area. This is J-Rat in his more serious mood, a rare moment, no doubt written while he thought he was dying of Histoplasmosis.

By the time you read this he should be back on Mendip suffering the more common ailments, related to Butcombe, Arkells, Badger, etc.

CAVES AND CAVE ART OF LESOTHO, SOUTHERN AFRICA. Surrounded by the Republic of South Africa, Lesotho (formerly Basutoland) is a rugged, mountainous and harshly beautiful country. It is about the same size as Belgium and is the only country in the world with all of its land over 1000 metres O.D. Volcanic basalt forms the highest peaks of the Maluti Mountains and Drakensberg Range with horizontally bedded sandstones, shales and mudstones below. These layers are very photogenic, being alternate red, grey, white, orange and pink. Despite the lack of limestone, some slight relief for the exiled cave fanatic can be found by studying one of these ubiquitous layers, the appropriately named Cave Sandstone. Forming dramatic escarpment cliffs and spectacular river gorges, this rock is easily eroded by the elements to form huge, overhanging rock-shelters and the occasional deeper cave. There are hundreds of these sites in all areas of the country and many have been occupies in the past by a variety of inhabitants.

At the present time, many of the drier and more accessible caves have drystone walled frontages converting them into dwellings, herd boys refuges and even missions for the local Basuto populace. In the troubled times and famines of the 18th and 19th centuries the caves provided shelter and hiding places for Basuto clans escaping from Boer and Zulu oppression and also bases for roving bands of cannibals. The Basuto, in their turn, had previously evicted from many sites the earlier settlers of these desolate hills - the San, Baroa or Bushmen. This mysterious race (whose relationship with the original prehistoric inhabitants is unclear) were forced to dwell in the mountain regions by pressure from European settlers moving north from the Cape and by assorted Bantu races creeping steadily southwards from Central Africa.

Essentially a race of hunters, the Bushmen developed a strong artistic culture based on their lifestyle, especially in south-eastern Africa and Rhodesia. Using natural pigments of ochre, clays, charcoal and animal fats they decorated the caves and rock shelters with superbly executed frescoes and murals of the animals on which they depended for food, clothing and implements. In the various sites can be seen paintings of eland, lion, baboon, fish, snakes, cattle, etc. Many human figures are depicted from short San bowmen and dancers to taller Bantu warriors and even the red-coated European soldiers. Fishing, hunting scenes, battles, invading horsemen, village scenes and dances are also represented. Like rock-art the world over, most animal pictures are depicted in silhouette and human figures are typically abstract. They vary in size from 1m to 150m and the most recently (and last) painted are approximately 150 years old, though scattered remnants of the Bushman races still exist in this area, generally intermixed with the dominant Basuto people, whose own language bears traces of the earlier "clicking" speech of the San. Although over 400 painted shelters are known, little information is available to the general public as originally published reports have led to desecration and vandalism. Another reason for lack of publicity is the unexcavated nature of most of the sites, though several have been investigated by P.L. Carter of Cambridge University and other professional archaeologists. The most well known site is fenced off and operated by the Lesotho Government as a tourist attraction/conservation project. Ha Baroana (or Ha Khotso) Cave is a huge, lengthy shelter with one of the finest friezes of rock-art in southern Africa. Animals portrayed include eland, hartebeest, lion, leopard, buck, blue crane and guinea fowl. Intermixed with these are hunters, dancers and figures in huts. Flights of arrows are shown in mid air and striking various animals - all are portrayed in a beautiful polychrome style of red, white, black and mauve shades. It is hoped that the other sites will be preserved in this way and that the work of discovering, photographing and recording these masterpieces of Bushman culture continues uninterrupted.

3 CONISTON COPPER MINES by Chris Batstone.

During the Club meet in the Lakes last February a visit was made to the old copper works above Coniston. It is hoped to return again this coming February. This article should provide some background information.

The Coniston mines have provided approximately three quarters of the copper mined in the Lake District. The workings are some of the oldest in the north of England and cover an area of approximately ten square miles of mountain country between Coniston Old Man, Carrs and Wetherlam. This area was extensively prospected during the 19th century but, due to the slump in copper prices, declined towards the latter half of the century, rather than because of dwindling deposits of ore. Various unsuccessful attempts have been made to rework them since.

Geology.

The copper veins are found in the volcanic Borrowdale Series. They trend to the north-west and are cut by a number of north-south cross courses, some of which are very powerful. The copper occurs mainly as chalcopyrite and more rarely as bornite. Quantities of iron pyrites, mispickel and blende also occur in some veins. Large amounts of magnetite were also found in the Bonsor Mine deep levels.

The major veins were known as Bonsor, Paddy End Old and New, Triddle, North, Flemmings String, South, Belman Hole, Stephens, Gods Blessing and Brimfell.

The Mine.

The Bonsor vein was the major deposit of are, accounting for at least 50% of the are produced at Coniston. The vein was stoped out for a distance of nearly a quarter of a mile in depth of some 200 fathoms (1200 feet).

It was reckoned that the vein would carry a rib of solid chalcopyrite eight inches thick. The great stapes on this vein were so vast that a large chasm was left called the "Cobblers Hole". The price of copper had fallen beyond economic limits by 1895. An increasing amount of magnetite was found in the area as the mine went deeper making gravity separation of the ore nearly impossible. The pumps were stopped and the mine was allowed to flood. Any payable pillars of ore were removed as the water rose. Water finally reached the adit level in 1900. Had modern methods of separation been available then (e.g. flotation) the vein left in the bottom would have been payable, but to un-water the mine now and reinstate the workings would be prohibitive.

An attempt was made in 1954 to re-open the Horse Level through to the Paddy End workings. After clearing the level to the west of Old Engine Shaft it was found that the Cobblers Hole stope had collapsed. A new bypass level was then made avoiding the collapse.

Previously work was done on Drygill vein, which runs through Old Engine Shaft at the Horse Level. The old workings were reinstated and a level driven to connect with the northern crosscut, which was driven to the west of Cobblers Hole, in the hopes that the Horse Level would be clear to the New Engine Shaft. A connection was made to find that the old stopes had collapsed. The only way past would have been to drive a parallel level which was too costly, and the venture was abandoned.

In 1912 the Coniston Electrolytic Copper Co. Ltd. was formed to recover copper from the waste tips whilst the mine was cleared. The machinery was installed on the site of the old Bonsor dressing floors. The copper recovered turned out to be less than expected and the plant was closed down in 1915. Work was not restarted and the plant was dismantled.

Paddy End Mine is probably the most ancient part of the mine. The vein runs between cross courses on the southern side of the valley, and has produced some of the most valuable ore in the mines. By the end of the 19th century all the available are pillars were removed.

In 1954 exploration was carried out at the Horse Level and efforts made to pump Hospital Shaft. These efforts seem to have failed. Whether or not payable veins exist in these workings is unknown.

Numerous other sites exist in the area - Triddle, Brimfell and Gods Blessing in particular, surrounding the Bonsor and Paddy End workings.

Other mines included in the Coniston mining field are to be found near Tilberthwaite and Greenburn Beck, although these do not warrant a description in this article.

Mining at Coniston has now ceased and cannot be expected to revive during the foreseeable future due to expense, and opposition by conservationist This is also true of the majority of other mining areas in the lakes.

4 Stu Lindsey has sent in this brief account of a photographic session in Dan yr Ogof. Incidentally this occasion was the only time I have ever been warned by the management about high water DAN - YR - OGOF With the promise of an interesting trip across the fourth lake to commence proceedings, our 'expanded' party of eight set off. On leaving the Show Cave water conditions proved to be quite high, a warning regarding a less than normal air-space in lake four proving correct - half of it was froth, hanging from the roof. Seven of our intrepid explorers nonchalantly swam across leaving the rigid eighth, frozen almost to death (by fear) to inch his way across the exceptionally sparse ledges by his finger nails.

The first of two detours was to attempt to find the location of a 'Blue Stal'. This was duly accomplished after a fifteen foot climb into a rifty chamber. This amazing phenomenon, part of a small curtain, is worth seeing, if only for the effort put into getting there! Pushing on we soon arrived at the start of the long crawl, marked at the entrance with an evil smelling pool, six feet long and three to four inches deep. Detour 2, to a rift above the main route, Flabbergastery or something was to take photos a happy hour spent flashing away.

To get up into this section necessitates a traverse around the wall. This avoids disturbing the pool and the fish. (Fish?!!) Hardly the place to expect one of our number to commence training for the Olympic backstroke event. A perfect take-off was achieved when the traverse line broke! This poor unfortunate was also the focal point in the next scene. Armed with a flash gun, he was requested to run ten feet, stop, flash, run ten feet, stop, flash, run ten feet‌..A short distance away the second Lord 'Nevis' had someone doing pirouettes thirty feet below while he took his photo!

Luckily these diversifications ensured that we would be unable to complete the rest of the trip. However, five of our more masochistic entourage insisted upon swimming the Green Canal after a final piccy session.

This last episode was an attempt to record for posterity the playful frolicking of the Wycombe Wanzellor. * * * * * And now, the answer to last month's Speleo Teaser from Blitz.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Caver Irishman Welshman Southerner Northerner Scot

Cave Longwood Stoke Cuthbert’s Swildons Rhino

Technique Ladder Crawls SRT Free dives Free climbs

Drink Cider Arkells Butcombe Royal Oak Badgers

Club MCG Shepton BEC UBSS Wessex

The following references were given for J-Rat's article on Lesotho: MSS notes of Jim Smart.

The Lesotho Guide. D. Ambrose.

Lesotho: Basutoland Notes and Records. Vol. 6 1966-67. * * * * * MORE NEWS extracted from BCRA Caves and Caving, No. 10, Nov.1980.

Eleven caves in the world have now passed the vertical kilometre - that is within the last 24 years, though half of these have been pushed to such spectacular depths within the last 3 years! Reseau de Foillis, deepest at 1402m, is destined to go deeper yet this winter when the next shaft is descended. In the PSM area the Sima di Ukendi (1185m) is still wide open, while in Arphielia the PSM streamway can be clearly heard; though the surveyed separation is 30m. A connection would give about 1470m depth. A 1435m system would result from the connection of Schwyzer Schacht and the massive Holloch, making an epic through trip of over 1300m possible.

5 Dare I say it…..BI-MONTHLY NOTES The Council of Southern Caving Clubs' Handbook and Access Guide 1980/81 has now been published.

A copy should be available from the club library or you can buy one for 50p if you must have it to yourself.

Apart from the two Phil Hendy cartoons and a couple of advertisements it is all fairly meaty stuff. The only criticism that seems to have been made (by several people, incidentally) is that the list of names, addresses and 'phone numbers of all MRO wardens has been included.

There has been much controversy on Mendip recently over whether MRO should be called out via official channels for every incident (e.g. "Can someone give a hand in Swildons to a bod who cannot climb back up the 20.) If the call is official there is insurance cover. However, the time may now come when someone just picks a warden from the list and 'phones them!

Hobb's have recently offered a planning application to turn Fairy Cave Quarry into a Leisure Centre. The intention is for Shatter and Withyhill to be made into show caves. The formations would be protected behind glass screens. The two caves would be connected to form an escape route in case of some emergency.

Experienced cavers would assist with the creation of this show cave system. (see also note in 'Lifeline').

In the April/May B.B. Wig wrote about a postcard he had come across and he wanted to know which site in Cheddar it depicted. He has at last come up with another card which reveals exactly the site of this 'Lost Cave'. He promises more details of this in the new year.

Alison tells me that the dye test between Sludge Pit and Swildons yielded positive results. Dye was recorded at the inlets in Swildons 6 and 7, and at points downstream from these sites, thus showing, as believed, that Sludge Pit water flows into Passchendaele. Passchendaele is the passage that runs to the south of Pirate and Shatter Chambers. The dye used was an optical brightening agent.

The U.S. Navy have been developing submarine communication using the sub-atomic particles known as neutrinos. Although it is almost prohibitively expensive at present it may well be that radio communication through the earth (instead of round, via satellites) will ultimately be possible. What potential for the caver!

O.C.L. was underground in Cuthbert’s very recently - in fact more recently than the Wig, who has not been near the place for a long time. Please remember to write your trip up in the log, Oliver!

American scientists have been producing a new kind of light bulb in which excess heat is trapped within the bulb by reflection. The light can then burn with the same intensity but using less power. Such bulbs for domestic use should be on sale in Britain in 1981. I wonder how long it will be before the technique is applied to small, low voltage bulbs, such as those in caving lights?

During the weekend of 29th/30th November there was a diving tragedy in Kingsdale. Details are sketchy at the moment, but the diver was a member of the Red Rose, though not a member of C.D.G. He had dived through from Keld Head to one of the air-bells and said that he would not go back. He was given morale and physical assistance and persuaded to make the dive back, but he died en route. The cause of death is not yet known.

Re. the October B.B., sorry about the lack of cover. This was not some snide way of emphasising my request for more covers, though this may be the effect that it had. I simply forgot to bring the covers when we collated the B.B. Erratum: page 3, para.3, line 4 should read: relative to the volume of passage…

The Lionels Hole survey is meant to be accompanied by an article on the cave by Andy Sparrow. A.S. please note, accept a reprimand and a smacked wrist, and send me the manuscript a.s.a.p., or sooner.

Bassett.

6 Marine Commando destroys British Warship with Thunder Flashes! Naval officer runs amok with axe on ship! Potholers in drunken orgy at sea! .....

Yes, Ross White, Tom Temple and Trev Hughes have been together, at sea, on the same ship, no doubt creating the same havoc and mayhem as at least two of them cause regularly at the Belfry. They all had 'fun' ashore in Hamburg including the Rheeperbalm. On the night of the B.E.C. Dinner they were all at sea again but I have it on good authority that the night did not pass soberly.

In between bouts of alcoholism Trev still managed to think of Mendip and has put together the following article.

WIGMORE RE-VISITED. SOME FURTHER THOUGHTS. Tony Jarratt's article in B.B. No. 371 marked the end of a lively series of articles about this interesting conglomerate cave. This, I hope, will redress the situation and inspire some thoughts, and even probably some work underground.

At the time of Tony's article Wigmore was being dug virtually every day; I was on leave and Tony was on holiday. The latest event in his article was the pushing on past the Smoke Room to where a large slab blocked the passage (30th Nov. '78). What follows continues from there.

The weekend of 2nd/3rd December saw a large party of Belfryites attacking the offending slab by means of a rope winch. This slab, the result of roof block fall, was removed and broken up by hammer and chisel.

Approximately four feet of new passage leading to a choked right hand corner was entered.

An unreachable left hand bend, after a further two feet, could be seen. A major setback occurred on that Saturday, the substantial mud and stone collapse from the Smoke Room. This slump increased during the following days and completely blocked the way on.

Attention now turned to the large, black hole, through boulders, revealed by this collapse. Some stabilization was required but on 9th December '78 the upper section of the Smoke Room was entered. The chamber was found to consist of tiny rift inlets and wedged boulders.

On the following weekend a large B.E.C. team dug at the debris which blocked the way along the lower passage. This flowing stream made spoil hauling a wet and miserable task. It was decided to leave the dig until the following spring. The final comment in my caving log entry for that trip summed up the situation: "Much more work still to be done."

After this trip the cave appears to have been left alone - no entries were recorded in the hut log. I was at sea, enjoying only infrequent trips to Mendip; other digs found favour; the sun shone; the Hunter's was open; etc. As a result, for twenty months Wheal Wigmore heard only the lonely knocker's chisel. No curse ridden digger’s breath nor shovel on rock. Silence.

I could not allow this to continue. A weekend on Mendip at the end of August this year found me with an itchy digging arm and two volunteers for their first ever trip down Wigmore; Ian (Wormhole) Caldwell and (Quiet) John Watson. Deluded by promises of me digging in their recent extensions in the deepest reaches of Manor Farm Swallet they agreed on an exploratory trip.

The entrance pitch, Hesitation Chamber and the two climbs were unchanged apart from accumulations of vegetable debris and oddments of the capping formers. However the winter streams of 78/79 and 79/80 had not been idle. The start of Christmas Crawl had been scoured out and now seems quite sizeable. The entry to Santa's Grotto had to be dug open - easily removable gravel choked the low section of passage to within four inches of the roof.

A large boulder and several smaller rocks had slumped into the entrance of Pinks and Posies. These were moved or demolished and an entry made. The first section of Pinks and Posies was unchanged. However the remains of the Smoke Room collapse and allowed gravel to accumulate behind it. The last section of passage was fairly heavily choked to within six inches of the roof. Ian's and John's moans of inactivity forced a retreat before I could come to grips with this choke. The Smoke Room collapse, however, did seem to have largely vanished.

7 The next visit was a post AGM trip (good conglomerate mud is excellent for clearing the mind of such politics) by Chris Smart, 'Quackers', Nigel Dibben and 'Mac (I don't feel well) anus'. Chris dug into the Smoke Room, passed the now non-existent collapse and reached a point some ten feet beyond the Smoke Room where a boulder obstructed the way. The passage could be seen to continue. This represents â…” of the original distance from the Smoke Room to the end of the cave as it stood on 2/12/78.

Inspired by the success of this trip Ross White and I ventured to the end on 11/10/80, armed with an array of digging gear. A week of continuous rain had produced a fine stream flowing down the entrance shaft.

This was diverted to a secondary sink in the clearing to the south-west of the entrance, where the water disappears through the Rhaetic Marl. The cave remained very wet despite our efforts. Ross put his talents to good use and rapidly moved aside the boulder that had stopped Chris. The original end of the cave was quickly reached. Loose gravel now chokes the passage at the left hand bend completely to the roof. We both dug at this choke for a while. However, having little convenient dumping space and no spoil hauling gear we decided to call it a day. We returned, wet and filthy, to the surface.

On first glance at the terminal choke it is credible to suggest that the conglomerate passage bifurcates at this point, but this is not my belief. Having viewed the end in December '78 when the present gravel choke was not there I wish to put forward the view that this choke is the result of stream deposition behind roof block fall, the material coming largely from the Smoke Room collapse. Digging at the end is very feasible the gravel is loose, mud free and easily dug. The most convenient way of removing the spoil would be in 'poly' sacks which could easily be hauled along the low passages. A team of four or five diggers would be required. The removal of the loose material will allow the block fall to be attacked either chemically of mechanically. What could follow? Open passage would most probably be of the same pattern as before: low bedding modified by block fall. But what of the limestone? Where is it? When will it be met? Only by digging will the truth be known but here are the geomorphological details of the area: 1) All Eights Mineshaft (55965291) elevation 925 ft is only 1410ft north of Wigmore, the shaft cap being 45ft higher. Limestone is met at a depth of 80ft. The water in the shaft is said to emerge at Sherbourne Spring.

2) The underlying limestone dips at 300 to the north-east - it is on NE slopes of the North Hill pericline.

The limestone surface can be assumed to rise in a SW direction.

3) The unconforming conglomerate has in lower Wigmore, produced a bedding passage dipping to the south at 2-3O, most noticeably in Christmas Crawl. (Incidentally, the average surface gradient between All Eights and Wigmore is 20 to the SSE).

4) Wigmore Swallet is 78 ft deep at the end.

Personally I think the limestone is very close despite the fact that a groundwater divide separates the water flow routes of the two sites.

But what of Wigmore's subterranean flow to Cheddar? I would like to propound that there exists an as yet unknown major drainage passage heading east-west that transits the Wigmore area. The head of this catchment is the Tor Hole Swallet area. This watershed is quite sizable and, as demonstrated by Tor Hole Swallet, bears little relation to the surface landform.

The passage of water through this system is extensively controlled by the layer of Harptree Beds, Marl and Rhaetic Shales which cover the area. Rainwater collects at discrete points on this impervious layer before flowing underground, giving rise to the large number of sinkholes in the area. As the sinkholes develop they are choked by slumping bf the surface clays leading to slow flow rates by percolation action in the upper regions of these poorly developed caves. The solutional power at depth is consequently proportionally greater due to the absence of calcareous matter in these clays. The amalgamation of water from these many, small, choked passages would lead to the formation of a master passage by preferential solution. The depth of this initially phreatic passage would be just below the water table pertinent to the time of its formation. This passage would be largely strike controlled, in the limestone, and would contour around the northern side of the North Hill pericline.

8 The major development of this passage would have begun at an elevation of about 650 ft a.o.d. This development is supported by the existence of a large cavity, found by boring, at a depth of approximately 200ft in the fields immediately to the east of Wigmore Swallet. A passage at this depth would correspond to a period when the water table was such that Great Oones Hole acted as the Cheddar resurgence, some 300ft higher than today. This indicates the great age of the proposed passage.

The height of the lowest sinks (690ft) indicate that the large cavity most probably represents a fossil section of passage or even possible a chamber of a similar nature to those above the active streamway in Stoke II. After the initial section of slow flow the flow in the main passage to Cheddar would be of a more rapid nature. Examples of this flow structure are: 1) Tor Hole, Long Wrangle and Minery Cottage Swallets, 1 mile to the east of Wigmore. Flow travel time to Cheddar: 72 - 87 hours.

2) Red Quar Swallet, ½ mile SSE of Wigmore. Flow travel time: 5 days.

3) Bowery Corner Swallet, l½ miles west of Wigmore. Flow time: 50 hrs.

Castle Farm Swallet, a B.E.C. dig in 1963/65, produced a draughting, choked passage at 20ft depth. This project has, I hear, been re-opened. A dye test here would be of immense value.

The rapid travel time (11 hours) of the Wigmore water is highly significant. I believe that it indicates the close proximity of the master passage and the relatively open nature of the passage to it. The presence of the nearby cavity supports this proposition.

For Wigmore Swallet to reach the depth of the master passage a steeply descending passage is required.

In the limestone a dip passage would rapidly reach the required depth. Whether this passage is a low bedding or a vadose trench only direct exploration will tell. The limestone passage may be well developed, of course, for the reasons stated earlier. I also predict that the Wigmore stream will be augmented at the obvious line of weakness - the conglomerate / limestone boundary.

Wigmore Swallet, with a length to date of 237 ft, is the only cave in the area whose underground course has been followed for any distance. It must represent a potential key to this proposed system. The terminal choke cannot be left alone. Digging there is not easy but the reward will surely repay the effort and could be of major significance. The challenge should not be ignored. *

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ELM CAVE or FORDBURY BOTTOM CAVE, MURDER COMBE, EM 74644873 information compiled by Colin Houlden.

First found in 1956 by Dave Mitchell and Alan Cowley who reached the second boulder ruckle.

CDG newsletter series 50, 1979, January, page 14 reports dives by Pete Moody in May and June 1978 and states he could not find the way on.

In 1978 again, Dave and Dianne Walker, Alan Mills and Colin Brimstone blasted the passage in the dry section beyond the point where Pete Moody dived, as the water level had dropped.

Pete and Alison Moody reached the third chamber in dry passage, due to lowered water level. They saw a sump 20ft below but were unable to dive because of lack of tackle.

Sunday 14th September 1980: The sump beyond the third boulder ruckle was dived by Colin Houlden and Barry Wilkinson, with a back up team consisting of Marion Gay, Alan Mills and Glyn Bolt.

9 Diver's report, by Colin Houlden: I dived first upstream and found a submerged chamber about 8ft x 8ft with a 2" to 4" airspace situated centrally in the roof. There was no obvious exit from this chamber other than the entrance. I returned to base. On the second dive I explored the downstream area and found no obvious way on. I returned to base.

Upon first examination of the sump, the water was crystal clear and an obvious hole at the upstream end about 3ft round was visible. This was the object of my third dive. The visibility was now zero because of the previous two dives. I therefore decided to enter feet first. I descended through boulder obstacles to a depth of about 20ft I aborted the dive due to faulty equipment. Upon my return to base Barry dived in order to confirm my three dives.

10 COOPER'S HOLE, CHEDDAR by Chris Smart On the 19th October an Afro styled golliwog (see the Rocksport price list for your inflatable model) set off a remarkably silly chain of events. He informed the massed hordes (well, eight of us, anyway) at the Belfry that there was now a totally new through trip possible on Mendip! The whole room immediately jumped into action and prepared for a long, hard trip. Unfortunately we were then told the location of this new trip - Cooper's Hole in the gorge. Chris Bradshaw then went on to explain that a top entrance had opened about 20 - 25 metres vertically above the old bottom entrance. From those present John and Sue Dukes and Martin and Liz Bishop volunteered transport and the remaining five of us - Quackers, Jane Clarke, Ross, Bob Cork and Herr Blitz - were soon at the Cooper's Hole car park.

As if to assist us nature decided to lend a helping hand and it began to drizzle. Undaunted but feeling sillier by the minute we began the climb up the footpath towards the reported location of the top entrance.

We were soon thwarted in this as the footpath had disappeared leaving an overhanging, circular hole of about 4m diameter and 20 or so metres deep. After various people had demonstrated how it was possible to make the world move simply by jumping up and down, the B.E.C. 'Make a Cave Safe' team of conservationists decided that it would be necessary to do something about this large and dangerous orifice. We were lucky in having a digging rope and felling axe with us, and with only a minimum of effort (all of us for one hour) we managed to enlarge the hole to about 7m x 4m and succeeded in losing a large tree down the shaft. This should now cushion your fall sufficiently so that you appreciate the remainder of it!

The drizzle was by now bucketing it down so we decided to mix business with pleasure and sampled the Grockle shops of Cheddar and a cream tea in Gough's restaurant before returning to the Belfry.

For obvious safety reasons the upper entrance to Cooper's has been surrounded by a barbed-wire fence.

The edges of the hole are reported to be very unsafe. Another tree recently fell into the shaft, closely followed by a felling axe and then a John Dukes, this last being on a life line, fortunately for himself. Will the finder of the axe, and the B.E.C. digging rope that is also somewhere in the hole, please return same to the Belfry.

It would seem that no-one has yet had the nerve to find out if a through trip is actually possible. The squeeze above the pile of debris in the original part of Cooper's is almost certainly blocked with boulders at present.

G. W.-J. *

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These extracts taken from 'American Caves and Caving' by William R Halliday M.D. show the American impression of cave digging!

'When talus crawling fails or is too risky, the question of digging may arise.

Such digging runs the risk of dislodging natural keystones or additional sections of loosened ceiling.

Long handled tools, and sometimes careful timbering supervised by mine rescue experts, are essential - but at this stage of development of North American Spelunking it usually isn’t worth it.'

'Much of America's (North) underground is still in the initial stages of near random exploration. Here and there, cave digging - the next step beyond scientific exploration is underway. The number of cavers engaged in this thankless and dangerous task, however, is so small, and the British Caving Literature thereon so excellent, that those interested should refer to the section on suggested additional reading. ' Among the books mentioned are 'The Manual of Caving Techniques' published by ERG. * * * * * Why not make one of your New Year resolutions 'to write at least one article for the B.B. in 1981'.

I’ve just read in the BCRA rag about an extension in Manor Farm. Apparently they (BCRA Eds.) don't know who did it. Shouldn't it have been in the B.B. first?

11 PORTLAND (ASSAULTED) by Steve Woolven.

The assault on Portland and the taking by storm happened on a quiet, but hot, summer's Bank Holiday, this August, by the arrival of six B.E.C. members and friends.

Sunday dawned a clear sky, and the arrival of Niki and I meeting up with Gary, Graham, Neil and Bruce.

Having just missed breakfast we hurriedly cooked and ate our own before catching the rest up on the cliff's edge, Blacknor being the whole point of the exercise.

The next two hours passed with an array of abseiling gear laying around, bodies sunning themselves, admiring the view of the Southern coast line and generally festering by passing a 'Party Seven' around. At this point, may I thank Gary Cullen for donating the beer, even though he was not around this weekend much appreciated.

Anyway, after slinging the rope over and. rigging up Graham disappeared over the edge. A third of the way down the cliff (about 40') with the remains of the beer swinging in gay abandon, three feet below his waist, Graham successfully swung into the hole without spilling a drop. Phew! A very tricky manoeuvre.

One by one went over leaving myself to bring up the rear.

As I was clipping onto the rope two very well-dressed gentlemen with broad American accents, looking rather religious, passed by. They were seemingly confused as to my purpose of bailing off a cliff wearing a miner's lamp and helmet.

"Are you a climber'?" they asked.

I had great trouble in explaining that I was a caver, when to them it looked as if I was going down the cliff into the sea. Even more confusing when the cliff appeared to shout: "What the bloody hell are you doing up there? Hurry up! Get a flaming move on." And other such words which are better off not printed.

Once inside (caving at last) and crawling along the passage negotiating the gull’s mess we soon reached a cross rift. Stepping over and down we squeezed, crawled and climbed along a new thin, tall rift passage.

Around some boulders, past a small, pretty section (the only piece in the cave, but rather nice) it took on the rift shape once again. This carried on the same way until it closed down and blocked.

Gary and I climbed high up the rift to try and force a way on, but it only went a little further and then closed down too tight. On the way back we looked up some side crawls, one of which ran parallel to the entrance passage. It came out a little further along the cliff's a back entrance. There was a nest of young gulls here, looking at us as if we were nuts, so we left them alone rather quickly and headed back out.

All sitting huddled at the entrance, looking out and seeing nothing but sea, gave us a gull's eye view. The difference between them and us was the fact that we were finishing off a beer, which went down great after such a dry cave. Abseiling out of here was more awkward than going over the top, because once on the rope you swung out and away from the rock. Sixty feet to the bottom and then a refreshing, cool swim in the sea.

'Blacknor' seems to be the only cave worth going into on Portland. It has now got two metal stakes on the cliff, marking where to put the rope over, but, it is still advisable to take your own and to check these just in case. 'Blacknor' is best attempted on a hot summer’s day, where it has an almost magical appeal to it. With a cool swim afterwards.

Unless of course you cannot stand rifts', 'which most of Blacknor is!

12 B.C.R.A. CONFERENCE 1980 As the BEC pulled out of the club stand affair this year I was condemned to attendance at the lectures. As this was only the second conference I had attended I viewed the prospect of sitting through all that technical talk with a sinking heart. However I put on a brave face, picked out a good novel, took charge of all our cheque books and left early on Friday for Nottingham.

We, that is Martin, Myself, G.W.J., and Chris Smart, arrived at the Sir John Barlace Warren earlier than expected which was just as well as closing time was 10.30. Having decided that this was a highly uncivilised district I retired to the car for a sleep leaving the others to the serious drinking. Much later I was woken by various bodies smelling highly of curry demanding to be driven to our lodgings. I was rather incensed at having missed the meal and still being very tired managed only a small scold before dozing off again.

Graham drove in reckless abandon to Heeston where an unsuspecting Bradford member had offered to put us up for the weekend. Having arranged ourselves on the floor we fell promptly asleep with a view to the early morning next day.

Breakfast consisted of various bars of chocolate bought on the way to the University. We eventually found the correct entrance despite the bad signposting, and had ample time to have a good look at the stands before the first lecture. Although the hall was smaller than the previous year and the number of stands less, there were certainly more bargains in evidence. New ideas were also present in the form of Brenden Brews new ascender/descender.

Having decided on which lecture to attend we all trooped upstairs and took our seats. All four of us had decided to see Caves of Nottingham as it was the only lecture not repeated on Sunday. Unfortunately, although it could have been a good lecture, it was delivered by a boring lecturer. It wasn't a help to have to sit through it in the coffee break either. However, King Pot, by D. Crossland & T. Whittaker, which followed, was an excellent lecture and I began to think things were looking up. Lunch at the pub followed but we had to go on foot because the car key had snapped in half in Martin’s pocket.

After lunch we attended a slide medley in 3D by J. Wooldridge which was very good and would have been even better if the special glasses which had to be worn worked for me. I think I was alone in this respect as everyone else seemed most impressed. This was followed by the unedited version of Treviso 79, winner of the Mick Burke award for that year. Tea followed and we rounded up the day with an interesting talk on Mexico by Jim Eyre.

We dined that night in a Turkish restaurant, together with J. Dukes, and Biffo from the Bradford, a concession to me due to missing the previous night. Feeling pretty tired by now we decided against the Ceilid at the Uni and went to the Star instead.

Having sneaked John into our lodgings we got to sleep in preparation for next day.

Sunday started off with Poro de Xitu, rated quite good, followed by Mulu by Tony Waltham. Very energetic but lost me in the technicalities. Morocco by P. Glanville came next followed by an interesting session in the pub along with half the conference.

We trooped back to Solo Caving Techniques a treatise given with the appearance of trying to justify the speaker rather than convince the audience. Sardinia I can’t comment on because I promptly fell asleep five minutes after the lecture began. The grand finale of the lectures, and I was glad we saved it to last, was Accidents Happen to other people by Dr. J. Frankland. This was probably the best lecture I have ever attended in my life being funny while still managing to get over a serious point. The photo awards followed which was the expected bun fight after which most people made a beeline for the door to start the journey home.

For those interested the venue for next year is to be the same, already booked in fact.

G. Grass

13 MORE NEWS FROM OUR NORTHERN CORRESPONDENT In one of Nidderdale's major river caves, New Goyden Pot, another half a mile of big stream passage has recently been found.

Geoff Crossley. B.P.C. After heavy rains in the north Whernside Manor’s Ben Lyon took a party into Bar Pot only to find that South East passage was sumped. Later a party of Craven P.C. members found that Gaping Ghyll Main Chamber was flooded to a depth of 35ft.

Apparently the last time this happened, many years ago, it took five years for the system to return to normal.

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B.E.C. LAKE DISTRICT MEET, 1981 Once again the club is off to the Lake District this winter. The dates are 21st February to 1st March 1981.

Those requiring to stay at the cottages at Langdale should write to : Mr Sanderson, Fir Garth, Great Langdale, Nr. Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 9JL Be sure to mention in the booking that you are part of the B.E.C. group, otherwise you could be told that that the cottages are already filled!

The cottages hold up to five bods and the approximate cost will be ÂŁ30.00 per cottage + VAT and electricity. Last year the club plus its friends filled all the cottages so we suggest you book early.

Club members looking to share accommodation or transport would do well to contact one of the following people, who are all going up for the week: Martin and Glenys Grass, John and Sue Dukes, Chris Batstone, Graham Wilton-Jones (all three of him), Sue Tucker, Jane Clarke, John and Gill Turner, Chris Smart, John Knops, Simon (Woody) Woodman, the Palmer entourage, Greg Villis and Hiss Piggy.

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QUOTE: - by Mike Palmer, re the recent Peak cavern trip, when water levels seemed rather high, and he had not managed to get into the cave on his last three attempts: "Why don't we send someone in to see if it's flooded to save us getting changed!''

14 LIFELINE by TIM LARGE ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION:- Everyone is reminded that subs became due on the 1st October. So far very few people have paid up. Without your money the club cannot continue to function, pay bills or continuo to provide the facilities you have come to expect. The subscription rates are the same as last year: Junior - £6 Full - £8 Joint - £12 The last date for payment is 31-Decomber-1980. After that date your BB will cease and you will have to reapply. Please send your subs to Fiona Lewis, 53 Portway, Wells.

DINNER 1980: - From all reports everyone appeared to enjoy this event at the Caveman - being attended by 132 members; friends and guests. Our guest of honour was Harry Bennett, the manager of Cheddar Caves. The evening was rounded off by a trip around Gough's Cave thanks to the kindness of Mr. Bennett.

'King Solomon’s Temple' echoed to the sound of 'The Exploration Song'. Pete Franklin said that the last time the club did this was 16 years ago.

CHARTERHOUSE CAVING PERMIS: - are available at the Belfry from either the Hut Warden or any committee member who might be there. Please make sure yours is up to date. These are free to members.

Any guests you may take down the Charterhouse Caves can obtain a temporary permit also from the Belfry at a cost of 25p.

FIREWORKS AT THE BELFRY: - Recently an incident at the Belfry involving fireworks caused some damage. Some members will already know what I am talking about; I don't think I need go into detail. The outcome of the incident is that besides the person involved being severely warned as to future action, no fireworks or similar devices will be allowed on the club premises. This applies to possession whether or not they are intended for use. Any member contravening this committee decision will be suspended from the Belfry immediately until the next committee meeting can decide on further action.

FAIRY CAVE QUARRY: - Notice has been posted in the local newspaper that Hobbs Quarry have applied for planning permission in respect of development of cave and recreation facilities for tourists at the Quarry including a children’s zoo. Looks like there could soon be another show cave on Mendip! Maybe that is the best way to preserve caves like Shatter and Withyhill.

AGM 1980:- Though club must have set a record this year in completing the AGM business by 1pm.

That included our usual break for lunch and beer. The meeting was chaired by Alan Thomas. The voting for the committee produced a return of 80 ballot papers and one of the highest for many years. In recognition for his services to the club, Martin Cavendar was granted an Honorary Life Membership by the meeting. For those who may not know Martin, he is a Solicitor, who has over the years helped the club in legal matters.

He also convened the Constitution Sub-Committee in 1978 which resulted in our present constitution.

BREAFAST TIME ON MENDIP: - For those members visiting Mendip who cannot stand the thought of cooking The Red Lion at Green Ore has started providing cooked Breakfast at reasonable prices on Saturday and Sunday mornings. Why not give it a try I'm sure you'll find the food and service good.

NCA EQUIPMENT SUB-COMMITTEE: - I know many members prefer to ignore what they call 'cave politics'. So go bury your heads in the sand if you must, but one day you will find it to late and your freedom as cavers restricted with no way of finding a remedy to the situation. The equipment sub-committee caused a stir several years ago with its ideas on reports and how it should lay down the do's and don'ts with regards to equipment. But we thought we had got over the problem and quelled the misguided individuals concerned.

No such luck. We now have an equally misguided convenor in one D. Elliot whoever he might be. I believe he works at that place known as Whernside where they produce 'pseudo cavers'. Well I am now given to understand that the equipment committee has invited the main manufacturers and suppliers of caving gear to sit on the sub-committee. They also appear uninterested in caver’s ideas or having regional representation on the committee. Some snippets that have filtered out are that they are drawing up specifications for the 'ideal' helmet, krab or whatever. Does this mean that they are dividing up the gear market? Will we soon only be able to use a certain make of helmet or else risk our insurance void; condemnation from a Coroner or restricted access unless we use the recommended gear? This sub-committee also appears reluctant to meet on Mendip I wonder why? What with this and the farce at the last NCA AGM over the election of officers, I wonder what is becoming of our national representative.

15 STARLIGHT CAVE

by Annie Wilton-Jones.

I must admit that, when Ian suggested trip to Starlight cave, I wasn't too keen. The weather had been bad for quite a while and road conditions were somewhat treacherous. The snow was still lying in places and the freezing rain was making little impression on it. A day in front of the fire with some home made wine and a murder mystery sounded infinitely more attractive than huddling in my duvet in a car with a faulty heater, struggling to the entrance and then grovelling around in the dark. As usual, of course, I gave in and helped to got everything ready, We'd been told where Starlight Cave was but weren't too sure how to get there, especially as some of the roads were likely to be impassable. A study of the map showed possible alternatives but, as I'm a lousy navigator, I didn't look forward to trying to direct Ian along these lesser known roads. Knowing that we would probably have to park at some distance from the entrance we made doubly sure that we knew the route that we would have to take so that we wouldn't have to use the map in the rain. I honestly didn't believe that any trip would really be worth all this effort.

The journey was as bad as I expected and I wasn’t in the best of tempers as we neared our destination.

We drove as close as possible before parking but even so we had some way to go. I didn’t relish the half mile walk in the freezing rain but I kept telling myself that it would be worth it when we got there. Knowing that it was a fairly short cave we were a bit taken aback by the 50p a head entrance fee but, having braved the elements thus far, we didn't feel like wasting the effort because of a bit of profiteering by the owner.

Reluctantly we paid up, knowing there was no way we could sneak in. No doubt everybody else feels the same way, thus ensuring that the owner can afford his Christmas drinks!

We had no trouble locating the entrance as it was large and exposed. The gate was open and a party was leaving. “Not bad,” said their leader. "Better than I expected." Thus encouraged we ventured in. It was immediately obvious how the cave got its name; the walls were a mass of scintillations, rivalling St. Cuthbert’s Balcony. I was surprised at the ease of progress it was like walking in Gough's, though everything was on a smaller scale than there. The formations were very impressive, particularly a pure white curtain of such a delicate appearance that it could have been a real net curtain hanging at our kitchen window. The crystal pool, inadequately taped, was a fine example of its kind, and the perfection was matched by the pink tinged columns.

So far we had seen no one since we had lost site of the entrance, but this isolation was not to continue. A noisy party could be heard nearby and, not wishing to get involved with an obviously inexperienced bunch of youths we decided to explore a promising looking side passage. Unfortunately this did not go, ending in a blank wall just out of sight of the main passage. Resisting the urge to relieve our frustration by putting a B.E.C. sticker on the offending slab, we retraced our steps and continued on our original direction. While the cave was undoubtedly pretty it was hardly sporting.

A bend in the passage concealed the next formation, which I promptly christened 'Garden Gnome' as it looked just like one of those things you see fishing in the garden pond.

Something that struck us forcibly was the state of preservation of all the formations in view of the cave's obvious entrance and easy nature. Presumably the strict control of access has a lot to do with it. The cave is only open for part of the year and then only for part of each day. As this open season is during the winter, bad weather must deter some of the less dedicated but, even so, apparently towards the end of the season large numbers turn up for a trip before it is too late and queues like those at the top of Swildon's '20' are not uncommon. Luckily, for our trip Ian had chosen a day when the weather was so awful that all a few other parties were around.

Anyway we left 'Garden Gnome' to his fishing and strolled on. When the going is so easy you get cocksure, don't you? There I was marching along 'the 'Passage of a Thousand Snowflakes' gazing in amazement at the wonderful, glittering walls and roof when -- crunch! My boot made contact with a projecting piece of the wall and I crashed headfirst into a daintily decorated alcove. To my shame I discovered that the decorations were not very dainty anymore. As there was nothing I could do about it I quickly kicked the bits out of sight and hurried on to catch Ian up. As usual he wasn't a bit bothered about me - just annoyed about the damage. For once I saw his point. How long had it taken to create what I had destroyed in less than a minute?

16 At last we had come to a bit of a climb which helped to relieve the monotony of the previously level cave.

It was a simple climb and the passage leading away from it was of the same character as that leading to it.

By now I was wondering what made this trip so popular as the formations alone didn't satisfy me and I knew that Ian was feeling the same way. If it hadn't been for the 50p entrance fee I think we might have called it a day. As it was we were determined to get our money's worth.

I was wishing that we had made this a photographic trip as the formations were worth recording. I felt sure that they could not last for much longer in their superb condition. I had already done my bit towards their destruction and I wouldn't be the last. Ian though had been certain that there would be nothing worth filming and, as he prefers to cave empty-handed whenever possible, he had left his box at home.

We explored every side passage and one or two avens but found that nothing went anywhere when suddenly we came into a fairly large cavern. From the appearance of the large white boss standing at the entrance to this cavern we deduced that we had reached Snowman's Grotto, the largest chamber in the cave and the end of the known system. As Ian was convinced that there must be a way on, we started exploring all the likely spots even though, as I pointed out, everybody else must have done the same.

It was Ian who found the most promising place, a small, round passage, leading downwards, choked with sand. I joined him on hearing his shout and reluctantly started to dig at the sand with my hands, as he was doing. "If it seems worth it we can come back later with some digging gear."

"I can feel something solid," I said to Ian. "Oh, yes?" said a strange voice, and I turned to see an oldish chap in a red and white goon suit.

"Well, the lucky dip' is for the under-thirteen’s so you'd better get your hands out of it. And don't be too long with your Christmas present list as it's time for my lunch break!"

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MARLOW 11mm POLYESTER SRT ROPE The production of Marlow 11mm polyester SRT rope was almost cancelled because of the small caving market potential. But following the raid on the Iranian Embassy by the SAS on three strand hawser which had been taken straight out of store and thrown over the side of the building, and the result of one SAS man hung up on a kink they decided that they needed kermantle rope and so contacted Marlow. Marlow sent a sample of the 11mm SRT rope for evaluation, a group of Saudi Arabian reps saw the rope and ordered it for use by their forces (in black!). Later an order was placed by the British Army for the SAS and all helicopter - borne units, which now gives Marlow 11mm Polyester SRT Rope a much bigger market outside of caving!

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NEWS extracted from BCRA Caves and Caving No. 10, Nov. 1980.

The new system in East Kingsdale discovered by the N.C.C. and mentioned briefly in last month's B.B. is confirmed as being a big extension to Brown Hill Pot. Martin Bishop is visiting it this year and has all but promised an article on the place.

The lower entrance to King Pot is now closed up again, as agreed with the farmer, so don't go trying any rappelling through. On the subject of rappel trips (where the rope is pulled on through and exit made at the bottom of the system) Stu Lindsey has written an article on this which will appear in the January B.B. Sorry, Stu, but I just didn't have time to get it in this edition.

Before King Pot lower entrance was blocked Geoff Yeadon pushed the upstream sump and extended the system by around 1000 feet.

On the West side of the valley of Kingsdale avens under Jingling have been climbed with maypoles and bolts, but there seems to be little hope of a connection from Pot to Master Cave here.

17 BRISTOL EXPLORATION CLUB - MEMBERSHIP LIST 828 20 L 392 L 295 818 390 L 214 L 731 364 L 336 L 145 L 959 868 967 751 L 891 756 956 977 955 902 L 965 785 782 655 211 L

Nicolette Abell Bobby Bagshaw Mike Baker A. Ball Chris Batstone Joan Bennett Roy Bennett Bob Bidmead Pete Blogg A. Bonner Sybil Bowden-Lyle Chris Bradshaw Dany Bradshaw Michael Brakespeare T.A. Brookes N.R. Brown T. Burt Ian Caldwell Tony Callard Jack Calvert Martin Cavendar G. Childs Paul Christie Pat Christie Colin Clark Clare Coase

89 L 377 L 862 585 827 890 680 870 405 L 423 L 449 815 164 L 972 830 937 847 779 322 L 269 L 894 947 404 L 468 569 469 978 835 265

Alfie Collins D. Cooke-Yarborough Bob Cork Tony Corrigan Mike Cowlishaw Jerry Crick Bob Cross G. Cullen Frank Darbon Len Dawes Garth Dell Nigel Dibben Ken Dobbs Mike Duck John Dukes Sue Dukes Michael Durham Jim Durston Bryan Ellis Tom Fletcher P. Ford P. Ford Albert Francis Keith Franklin Joyce Franklin Pete Franklin Sheila Furley Len Gee Stan Gee

Addresses removed

October 1980

18 647 860 790 432 L 104 L 4L 893 935 974 917 952 905 793 898 899 920 387 L 971 770 923 855 808 73 969 540 L 792 922 51 L 560 L 285 907

Dave Glover Glenys Grass Martin Grass Nigel Hallet Mervyn Hannam Dan Hasel D. Hatherley Lynne Henley Jeremy Henley Robin Hervin Robert Hill Paul Hodgson Mike Hogg E. Hollis A. Hollis Nick Holstead George Honey C. Houlden Chris Howell Trevor Hughes Ted Humphreys J. Hunt Angus Innes Duncan Innes Dave Irwin Ken James Tony Jarratt A Johnson Frank Jones U. Jones Karen Jones

567 L 884 316 L 542 L 413 L 904 946 874 667 L 958 930 574 L 58 495 L 550 L 725 106 L 976 957 558 L 963 704 308 936 852 880 938

Alan Kennett John King R.S. King Phil Kingston R. Kitchen C. Knight A. Knutson D. Lampard Tim Large Fiona Lewis S. Lindsay O.C. Lloyd G. Lucy Val Luckwill R A MacGregor Stuart McManus E.J. Mason Mark Matthews Dave Maurison A. Meaden Clare Merritt D. Metcalfe K. Murray D. Nichols J. Noble G. Nye Kevin O’Neil

19 964 624 396 L 22 L 499 L 961 337 622 481 L 452 L 343 L 672 L 945 970 921 832 941 240 L 359 L 760 237 L 78 L 213 L 926 915 823 851 1L 38L 575 L 365 L 865 968 772 919 284 L 348 L 571 L 876 699 700 80 74 L 381 L 157 L 382 769 678 912 635 L 887 175 L 949 953 973 397 861 553 975

Lawrie O’Neil J. Orr Mike Palmer Les Peters A. Philpott Mick Phinster Brian Prewer Colin Priddle John Ransom Pam Rees A Rich R Richards S. Robins T. Roberts P. Rose R. Sabido J. Sampson A. Sandall C. Sandall J. Sandercroft B. Scott R.A. Setterington R. Setterington S. Short C. Smart A. Sparrow M. Stafford Harry Stanbury Mrs I Stanbury D. Statham R. Stenner P. Stokes J. Tasker Nigel Taylor T. Temple A. Thomas D Thomas N Thomas N. Thorne Buckett Tilbury Anne Tilbury Postle Thompsett Dizzie Thompsett D. Towler J. Tuck S. Tuck Sue Tucker Dave Turner J. Turner S. Tuttlebury G. Villis D. Waddon J. Watson J. Watson J. Wells Mike Wheadon Maureen Wheedon R. White M. White

20 878

Ross White

939 940 934 885 559 568 721 850 813 943 877 914

Woly Wilkinson Val Wilkinson Colin Williams Claire Williams Barry Wilton Brenda Wilton Graham Wilton-Jones Annie Wilton-Jones Ian Wilton-Jones Simon Woodman Steve Woolven Brian Workman *

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