2.3 A 2.3 2 3 B 2.3 C 2.3 D 2.3 2 3 E
N d for Need f environmental i t l sustainability t i bilit
Salient i ffeatures off green build i dings i
-ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: Over the couple of past decades, scores of studies confirm that buildings throughout their life cycles are major contributors to environmental degradation and human illness. The requirement of energy, water and production of waste are the th mostt majors j f t factors responsible ibl for f this. thi
•No requirement of air-condittioning •Using Using less water and energy •Re-using water •Generating own energy from renewable energy sources •Use of locally available and a environment- friendly building materials •Use of passive building techn niques •Improved indoor air quality •Reduced use of materials co ontaining VOCs •Reduction in waste and re-usse of waste •Preservation of ecology gy •Strategies for waste and energy e reduction at preconstruction, construction, use and post-use stages of the building.
-SHORTAGE OF WATER FIT FOR HUMAN USE: Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is fresh water. Only about 20% of current urban water is used for drinking and sanitary purposes, with the other 80% not requiring treatment to potable standards. -RESOURCE RESOURCE INTENSIVE CONSTRUCTION: Important factors for environmental degradation include use of construction materials produced through
1 | Su ustainable and Gree en Housing 2.3 3 148 | Sustainable and Green Housing 2.3
•climatically materials
adverse
and
unsuitable
construction
•bad design g schemes including g building g orientation and layout causing undesirable heat gain or loss horticulture
and
•Orientation •Shading of wall and fenestrations •Thermal properties of the envelope material •Size and position of fenestration •Thermal properties of glass used •Texture Texture of the surface •Mutual shading of blocks •Ventilation •Site planning and layout -preservation of natural topography topography, cover -improve cross-ventilation and natural lighting -discourage use of automobiles
•Materials, waste and recycling -promotion of materials recycled content -discouraging di i use off virgin i i materials t i l -use of locally available materials -waste management and treatment -waste waste reduction
landscape
Average per capita ecological footprint India = 0.8 0 8 global hectares. hectares global average = 2.2 global hectares, developed countries average = 6.43 global hectares. But this can be majorly j y attributed to the fact that 70% of the population of India lives in rural areas and there the energy consumption is almost negligible as compared to the energy consumed in urban areas.
•Surface to volume ratio
•Water efficiency -use of indigenous plant and grass species -use use of rainwater harvesting, harvesting drip irrigation, irrigation water recycling -water efficient fixtures
•resource resource depletion such as ground cover & forests to give way to buildings
•resource intensive maintenance i t
Design variables for sustainable buildings
green
grey
with
•Indoor air quality -natural daylighting and cross ventilation -reduction d ti off volatile l til organic i compounds d (VOC’s) (VOC’ ) -use of geothermal HVAC systems for achieving thermal comfort
(above) factors for sustainable build dings