What is the main function of Insurance? We all know that life is full of uncertainty. We can not avoid the risks in life and hence insurance. This is because insurance is considered to be the most effective and economic way of dealing with risks. Insurance, in fact, combat the risks in life by methods which are otherwise not available. The principal function of insurance as an economic institution is the equitable distribution of the financial losses of the few over the many. In insurance, each policy holder contributes an amount in cornmensurance with the risk he introduced to a fund, established and administered by the insurer and out of’ the fund, the losses are paid to the insured members. The main function of an insurance organization then becomes the management of the fund and the assessment of the equitable contributions to be made by the policyholders. The functions of insurance can be studied into two parts:
(i) Primary Functions (ii) Secondary Functions. Primary Functions: (i) Insurance provides certainty: insurance Provides certainty of payment at the uncertainty of loss. The uncertainty of loss can be reduced by better planning and administration. But, the insurance relieves the person from such difficult task. Moreover, if the subject matters are not adequate, the self- provision may prove costlier. There are different types of uncertainty in a risk. The risk will occur or not, when will occur, how much loss will be there. In other words, there are uncertainty of happening of time and amount of loss. Insurance removes all these uncertainty and the assured is given certainty of payment of loss. The insurer charges premium for providing the said certainty.
(ii) Insurance provides protection: The main function of the insurance is to provide protection against the probable chances of loss. The time and amount of loss are uncertain and at the happening of risk, the person will suffer loss in absence of insurance. The insurance guarantees the payment of loss and thus protects the assured from sufferings. The insurance cannot cheek the happening of risk but can provide for losses at the happening of the risk.
(iii) Risk-Sharing: The risk is uncertain, and therefore, the loss arising from the risk is also uncertain. When risk takes place, the loss is shared by all the persons who are exposed to the risk. The risk sharing in ancient time was done only at time of damage or death, but today, on the