Neighborhood Stories: Tenth Street by buildingcommunityWORKSHOP

Neighborhood Stories: Tenth Street 06.15.2013

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POP DALLAS: Neighborhood Stories Active and resilient neighborhoods are the foundation of a successful city. POP [People Organizing Place] Dallas is the bcWORKSHOP public design effort strengthening the social, economic, and physical health of Dallas’s neighborhoods. As a component of POP Dallas, Neighborhood Stories strengthens awareness of our city, celebrates the diverse places that give it character and texture, and creates a platform for active dialogue about its history and future.

Vecindarios activos y resistentes son la clave para una ciudad exitosa. POP [People Organizing Place] Dallas es un esfuerzo de diseño publico por parte de bcWORKSHOP para fortalecer la salud social, económica, y física de los vecindarios de Dallas. Como un componente de POP Dallas, Recuentos de Vecindario fortalece el conocimiento de nuestra ciudad, celebra los lugares diversos que dan el carácter y la textura, y crea una plataforma para dialogar activamente sobre su historia y su futuro.

The buildingcommunityWORKSHOP [bcWORKSHOP] is a Dallas based nonprofit community design center seeking to improve the livability and viability of communities through the practice of thoughtful design and making.

La organización sin fin de lucro buildingcommunityWORKSHOP [bcWORKSHOP] es un centro de diseño comunitario, establecido en Dallas, que busca mejorar la condición de vida en nuestras comunidades por medio de diseño y construcción atento y cuidadoso.

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Tenth Street Once one of the most vibrant African American communities in Dallas, the Tenth Street District developed as a freedman’s town with strong community life fostered through schools, churches, and businesses. Unlike Short North Dallas - a vibrant African American neighborhood that is all but a memory now, having been displaced by the highend apartments and shops of Uptown - the Tenth Street Historic District stands as a living testament to Dallas’s freedman’s towns, relatively untouched by developers and city officials. Since its establishment as a historic district in 1993, interest in the area has produced a number of studies and plans for

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its revitalization from nonprofit and government organizations. However, preservation activity in Tenth Street has had little long-term impact on the neighborhood’s development, and a lack of repairs on aging buildings has cost the community. Despite its background as a self-sufficient neighborhood, the area’s historically significant buildings and community life are increasingly at risk due to deterioration and vacancy. However, longstanding familial ties to the neighborhood guarantee continued, if sporadic, interest and love for the neighborhood.

Una vez uno de los más vibrantes de las comunidades afroamericanas de Dallas, el Tenth Street District desarrolló como un liberto de la ciudad con una intensa vida comunitaria promovido a través de las escuelas, las iglesias y las empresas. No como Short North Dallas, un vibrante barrio afroamericano que es de todo menos una memoria ahora, tras haber sido desplazados por los apartamentos de gama alta y tiendas de Uptown - Tenth Street Historic District se erige como un testimonio vivo de pueblos libertos de Dallas, relativamente sin tocar por los desarrolladores y los funcionarios de la ciudad. Desde su creación como un distrito histórico en 1993, el interés de la zona ha producido una serie de

estudios y planes para su revitalización por organizaciones sin fines de lucro y organizaciones gubernamentales. Sin embargo, actividades de conservación en Tenth Street ha tenido poco impacto a largo plazo sobre el desarrollo del barrio, y la falta de reparaciones en edificios envejecimidos le ha costado a la comunidad. A pesar de sus antecedentes como auto-suficiente, los edificios históricos significativos de la zona y la vida de la comunidad están cada vez más expuestas al riesgo debido al deteriorismo y vacancia. Sin embargo, antiguos vínculos familiares con el barrio garantizan la continuidad, si esporádicos, interés y amor por el barrio.

Dallas Freedman’s Towns Dallas Freedman’s Towns

Beginning in the 1860s in the area around Cochran Street, several segregated African American communities populated by freed slaves developed straddling the northern city limits. In the following decades, these distinct communities merged to become Freedman’s Town/North Dallas, known here as Short North Dallas, the center of African American life in early Dallas. While businesses and professional offices fronted Allen and Hall Streets, the community’s civic, religious and cultural institutions were centered in today’s Arts District. The first YMCA (Moorland, 1930), public park (Griggs Park, originally Hall Street Negro Park, 1915) and public high school (Booker T. Washington, 1922) designated for African Americans in segregated Dallas were all located there.

A partir de la década de 1860 en la zona de Cochran Street, varias comunidades afroamericanas separadas poblada por esclavos liberados desarrollaron entre los límites de la ciudad norte. En las décadas siguientes, las distintas comunidades se fusionaron para convertirse en Freedman’s Town/North Dallas, conocido aquí como Short North Dallas, el centro de la vida afroamericana en los principios Dallas. Mientras que las empresas y despachos profesionales afrontaban las calles Hall y Allen, la comunidad cívica y las instituciones religiosas y culturales se centraron en el Arts District de hoy. El primer YMCA (Moorland, 1930), parque público (Griggs Park, originalmente Hall Street Negro Park, 1915) y una escuela secundaria pública (Booker T. Washington, 1922) designado para los afroamericanos segregados en Dallas se encontraban ahí.

top / arriba 1945 - This hand-colored map was created by the City of Dallas Public Works department to catalogue the location of primarily Mexican American (blue) and African American neighborhoods (red), including the area of Tenth Street. 1945 - Este mapa pintado a mano fue creado por el departamento de City of Dallas Public Works para la ubicaci贸n de cat谩logo principalmente de barrios mexicano-americano (azul) y africanoamericanas (rojo), incluyendo la zona de Tenth Street. Created by the City of Dallas Public Works Department Hecha por City of Dallas Public Works Department

right / derecha Strong familial and community ties have defined the character of Tenth Street since its days as a freedman’s town. Fuertes lazos familiares y de la comunidad han definido el carácter de Tenth Street desde sus días como un liberto de la ciudad. Image courtesy of Lou Nell Simms Imagen cortesía de Lou Nell Simms

The Ties That Bind Los Lazos Que Unen

The Tenth Street District lies along Hord’s Ridge, the bluff on the southern side of the Trinity River bottoms, in floodprone land by Cedar Creek. After the Emancipation Proclamation, freedmen from the Miller plantation and Hord’s Ridge itself settled west of Oak Cliff Cemetery, a public burial ground deeded in 1846. It became one of a number of freedman’s towns in Dallas, in which historically segregated AfricanAmerican communities developed during the Reconstruction era into self-contained and self-sufficient neighborhoods as a means of resistance and self-empowerment against unaccommodating local governmental structures. Thomas Marsalis, who purchased William H. Hord’s land, filed a map for a pie-shaped piece of land settled by the

African-American community on either side of Cedar Creek in 1890 (the same year Oak Cliff was incorporated as a city) and called it the Tenth Street Addition. Used by the residents for drinking water and fishing, Cedar Creek was a necessary resource. Since it flooded in the rainy season, the three African-American communities in the area - the Heights, the Bottom, and the Tenth Street District - built and rebuilt wooden footbridges to cross over the creek. These paths made it possible for residents from the Heights to cross the fluctuating water levels in order to attend school, or use services provided in Tenth Street, such as the hospital or the Black and Clark funeral home.

El Tenth Street District se encuentra a lo largo de Hord’s Ridge, el bluff en las bases del lado sur del Trinity River, tierra propensas a inundaciones por Cedar Creek. Después de la Emancipation Proclamation, los plebeyos de la plantación y Hord Miller’s Ridge se establecieron al oeste de Oak Cliff Cemetery, un cementerio público cedió en 1846. Se convirtió en uno de una serie de ciudades de libertos en Dallas, en el que históricamente comunidades afroamericanas separadas desarrollaban durante la Reconstruction Era a barrios autosuficientes como medio de resistencia y de la autonomía local contra las estructuras gubernamentales. Thomas Marsalis, que a su vez compró la tierra de William H. Hord, presentó un mapa para una pieza de tierra con forma de tarta poblada por la comunidad afro-americana en cualquiera de los

lados de Cedar Creek en 1890 (el mismo año que Oak Cliff fue incorporada como una ciudad) y lo llamó the Tenth Street Addition. Utilizado por los residentes para el agua potable y la pesca, Cedar Creek es un recurso necesario. Puesto que inundadas en la temporada de lluvias, las tres comunidades afroamericanas en la zona - los Heights, el Bottom, y el Tenth Street District - construyeron y reconstruyeron pasarelas de madera para cruzar el arroyo. Estos caminos han hecho posible que los residentes de los Heights pudieran pasar por la fluctuación de los niveles de las aguas a fin de asistir a la escuela, o utilizar los servicios que se presentaban en Tenth Street, como el hospital o la funeraria Black y Clark.

top / arriba This map created by the real estate developers Murphy and Bolanz includes the Tenth Street Addition (1890), Betterton Circle Addition (1904), and Betterton’s Springhill Addition (1904) which were platted on W.H. Hord’s 640 acre tract long after the establishment of the African-American freedman’s town. Este mapa creado por los promotores inmobiliarios Murphy y Bolanz incluye Tenth Street Addition (1890), Betterton Circle Addition (1904), y Betterton’s Springhill Addition (1904) que se entretejieron en los 640 acres de W. H. Hord mucho después de la creación de la ciudad del afro-americano liberto. Image courtesy of the Dallas Public Library Imagen cortesía de Dallas Public Library

right / derecha The Trinity Heights Streetcar ran parallel to Moore Street between the Bottom and Tenth Street District neighborhoods. Although it was replaced by a bus route in 1949, the bridge where it crossed over Clarendon Drive still stands today. El Trinity Heights Streetcar corría paralela a Moore Street entre los barrios de Bottom y Tenth Street District. A pesar de que fue sustituido por una ruta de autobús en 1949, el puente en donde se cruzaba sobre Clarendon Drive aún sigue parado hoy en día. Image courtesy of the Dallas Morning News Imagen cortesía de Dallas Morning News

Like many late-nineteenth century neighborhoods, residents moved in as train tracks were laid. In 1882, the Gulf, Colorado, and Santa Fe railroad arrived, bringing industrial activity while dividing the Heights from the Tenth Street District and the Bottom. The Betterton Circle Addition, platted in 1904 directly south of Tenth Street, served a predominantly white working class employed in the nearby paper mill and other industries. During this time, the African American community grew as the Trinity Heights streetcar line crossed the Trinity River, providing convenient access to employment downtown. By the 1930s, the Tenth Street District was second only to Short North Dallas, in both geographic extent and population, as an African American enclave in Dallas. The community encompassed all of the land surrounding the Oak Cliff Cemetery and Cedar Creek branch, and between Tenth Street and North Betterton Circle as far west as Ewing Avenue.

Al igual que muchos barrios al final del siglo xix, residentes se mudaban para el barrio mientras las vías del tren se establecían. En 1882, el Gulf, Colorado y Santa Fe Railroad llegó, trayendo actividad industrial mientras se dividia el Heights de la Tenth Street y el Bottom. El Betterton Circle Addition, chapado en el año 1904 justo al sur de Tenth Street, predominantemente sirvió empleados de la clase obrera blanca en la cercana fábrica de papel y otras industrias. Durante este tiempo, la comunidad afro-americana creció mientras la línea de Trinity Heights tranvía cruzaba el Trinity River, ofreciendo un cómodo acceso al empleo en el centro de la ciudad. Para la década de 1930, el Tenth Street District sólo fue superada por Short North Dallas, en tanto extensión geográfica y población, como un enclave africano-americanos en el área de Dallas. La comunidad abarca todas las tierras que rodean el Oak Cliff Cemetery y Cedar Creek branch, y entre Tenth Street y Betterton Circle tan lejos al oeste como hasta al Ewing Avenue.

An active community, the residents of the Tenth Street District were tight-knit middle- and lower-income families, with a number of teachers, doctors, lawyers, and skilled craftsmen. The church was a large part of life, with two congregations, El Bethel Baptist Church and Sunshine Elizabeth AME Church, sharing a brush arbor, an open-sided shelter, along the north side of the creek in the 1870s or 1880s. Eventually, four churches grew up around Tenth Street, nicknamed “Church Street” for its prolific number of religious institutions. The Ninth Ward Negro School, originally built next to the Oak Cliff Cemetery along Eighth Street in 1893, was also a center of community life. Later rebuilt as N. W. Harllee Elementary in 1928, the school was attended by students from the Heights, the Bottom, and Tenth Street, furthering their chances at a better life.

Locally-owned businesses and community institutions, often known by the owner’s name, flourished in the area by the beginning of the twentieth century. Some of these included the Ebony Hotel, Simpson Barbeque Stand, Milton Shoe Repair, Lee and Williams Cafe, Carraway L C Barber Shop, New Wabash Drug Store, and Sullivan Cecil Grocery. There was a rich musical and sports tradition as well; the neighborhood produced greats such as T-Bone Walker and Dave Stalworth.

top 1928 - Replacing the buildings of the Ninth Ward Negro School, the N. W. Harllee School opened in 1928 and added multiple portable classrooms over the years to serve the growing African-American population. In this photo, the class of 1928 stands in front of the brand new building. Image courtesy of Lou Nell Simms

Una comunidad activa, los residentes de la Tenth Street District fueron cercanos y las familias eran de mediano o bajos ingresos, con un número de profesores, médicos, abogados, y artesanos. La iglesia fue una gran parte de la vida, con dos congregaciones, El Bethel Baptist Church y Sunshine Elizabeth AME Church, compartiendo un arbor y una vivienda, a lo largo del lado norte del arroyo en la década de 1870 o 1880. Finalmente, cuatro iglesias crecieron en torno en la Tenth Street, con el sobrenombre de “Church Street” por su prolífica serie de instituciones religiosas. The Ninth Ward Negro School, originalmente construido junto al Oak Cliff Cemetery a lo largo de Eighth Street en el año 1893, fue también un centro de la vida de la comunidad. Más tarde se reconstruyó como N. W. Harllee Elementary en el año 1928, la escuela contó con la participación de los estudiantes desde los Heights, el

Bottom, y Tenth Street, promoviendo sus posibilidades de una vida mejor. Empresas locales e instituciones de la comunidad, más conocido por el nombre de su propietario, floreció en la zona a comienzos del siglo xx. Algunos de estos incluyen el Ebony Hotel, Simpson Barbeque, Milton Shoe Repair, Lee and Williams Cafe, Carraway L C Barber Shop, New Wabash Drug Store, y Sullivan Cecil Grocery. Había una gran tradición musical y deportivo, así; el barrio produjo grandes como T-Bone Walker y Dave Stalworth.

arriba 1928 - Sustituyendo de los edificios del Ninth Ward Negro School, el N. W. Harllee School abrió sus puertas en 1928 y ha añadio varias aulas portátiles en los últimos años para servir a la creciente población afroamericana. En esta foto, la clase de 1928 se encuentra en la parte delantera del edificio nuevo. Imagen cortesía de Lou Nell Simms

top and left / arriba y izquierda Residents pose for photos outside of their homes in the Tenth Street neighborhood, showing the community at its mid-century peak. Residentes poseian para fotos fuera de sus hogares en el barrio de Tenth Street, mostrando la comunidad en su pico de mediados de siglo. Image courtesy of Lou Nell Simms Imagen cortesĂa de Lou Nell Simms

top / arriba Greater El Bethel Baptist Church has been located in the Tenth Street neighborhood for more than a hundred and twenty years. While the congregation has moved multiple times, the building shown here has been its worship place since construction was finished in 1926. 87 years later, it is undergoing repairs to stabilize the historic building. Greater El Bethel Baptist Church se ha ubicado en el barrio de Tenth Street más de ciento veinte años. Mientras que la congregación ha pasado varias veces, el edificio que se muestra aquí ha sido su lugar de culto desde su construcción fue terminada en 1926. 87 años después, se está reparando para estabilizar el edificio histórico. Image courtesy of Lou Nell Simms Imagen cortesía de Lou Nell Simms

left / izquierda Residents pose for photos outside of their homes in the Tenth Street neighborhood, showing the community at its mid-century peak. Residentes poseian para fotos fuera de sus hogares en el barrio de Tenth Street, mostrando la comunidad en su pico de mediados de siglo. Image courtesy of Lou Nell Simms Imagen cortesĂa de Lou Nell Simms

right / derecha 1928 - Aerial view of the Trinity River basin before levee construction. To the left, the baseball diamonds at Burnett Field and Eloise Lundy Recreation Center can be seen, as well as the Gulf, Colorado, and Santa Fe railroad and the branch of the Cedar Creek that runs south of Tenth Street. 1928 - Vista aérea de la cuenca del Trinity River antes la construcción de diques. A la izquierda, los diamantes de béisbol de Burnett Field y Eloise Lundy Recreation Center pueden ser vistos, así como el ferrocaril de Gulf, Colorado, y Santa Fe y la rama de los Cedar Creek que se extiende al sur de Tenth Street. Image courtesy of the Dallas Public Library Imagen cortesía de Dallas Public Library

In the Name of Progress En Nombre del Progreso

The construction of the levees from 1928 to 1931 greatly increased the livability of Tenth Street’s more floodprone neighbor, the Bottom, by creating a barrier between the mighty Trinity floods and the lowlands downhill from Hord’s Ridge. However, it was not until after World War II that flooding was completely eliminated in the Cedar Creek Branch and the Bottom, when highway construction capped off the creek branch and raised the height of the levees. Construction projects, along with the changing times, brought drastic physical and social change in the Tenth Street area. During the post-war era both veterans and those returning from wartime work in other areas poured into Dallas, causing a housing shortage estimated

at 10,000 homes. This shortage caused significant overcrowding in AfricanAmerican neighborhoods, which could not grow outside of their boundaries because of segregation laws. As the city’s population, and in particular Oak Cliff’s, grew, residents south of downtown needed more connections across the Trinity. In Harland Bartholomew’s 1945 master plan for Dallas, he addressed this need by proposing the connection of Clarendon Drive to the Corinth Street Bridge. The connection was realized by cutting off the southeastern edge of the Betterton Circle Addition and demolishing 12 homes in the process.

La construcción de los diques de 1928 a 1931 aumentó considerablemente la habitabilidad del vecino de Tenth Street, el Bottom, que fue más propensas a las inundaciones, creando una barrera entre las inundaciones del poderoso Trinity y las tierras bajas de un descenso Hord’s Ridge. Sin embargo, no fue hasta después de World War II que las inundaciones se eliminó por completo en el Cedar Creek Branch y en el Bottom, cuando una carretera tapando el arroyo rama se construyó y la altura de los diques se planteó. Proyectos de construcción, junto con los tiempos de cambio, trajo cambios físicos y sociales radicales en la zona de Tenth Street. Durante el período posterior a la guerra veteranos y los que volvían de otras áreas de trabajos con la guerra se derramaron en Dallas, provocando una escasez de

viviendas estimado en 10.000 viviendas. Esta escasez provocó hacinamientos importantes en los barrios negros, que no pudo crecer fuera de sus límites, por las leyes de segregación. Mientras la población de la ciudad, y en particular la de Oak Cliff, creció, los residentes al sur del centro necesitaban más conexiones en la Trinity. En el plan maestro de 1945 de Harland Bartholomew para Dallas, se dirigió a la necesidad de proponer la unidad de conexión de Clarendon Drive a Corinth Street Bridge. La conexión se realizó cortando el borde sureste del Betterton Circle Addition y de demolizando 12 casas en el proceso.

top / arriba The completed levees ultimately claimed 7,317 acres of land on the west side of the river and 3,333 acres on the east, drastically altering the form of the city and reshaping the northern edge of the Bottom. Los diques en última instancia declararon 7.317 acres de tierra en el lado oeste del río y 3.333 hectáreas en el oriente, alterando drásticamente la forma de la ciudad y la reestructuración del borde norte de Bottom. Image courtesy of the Dallas Public Library Imagen cortesía de Dallas Public Library right / derecha The Bottom, pictured here, benefitted greatly from the construction of the levees, which relieved the problematic flooding in the area. El Bottom, en la fotografía, benefició en gran medida de la construcción de los diques, que alivió las inundaciones problemáticas en la zona. Image courtesy of the Dallas Public Library Imagen cortesía de Dallas Public Library

top / arriba 1943 - Harland Bartholomew’s Plan for the City of Dallas, issued from 1943 to 1945, created a plan for virtually every aspect of the city to meet the needs of a population that was expected to double by 1970. His 15-volume proposal addressed streets, transportation, parks and schools, land use, zoning, and housing. 1943 - Harland Bartholomew’s Plan para City ofDallas, que se publicó desde 1943 a 1945, creó un plan para prácticamente todos los aspectos de la ciudad para satisfacer las necesidades de una población que se esperaba duplicar para 1970. Su propuesta de 15-volumens dirigió las calles, transporte, parques y escuelas, el uso de la tierra, zonificación y vivienda. Image courtesy of Dallas Public Library Imagen cortesía de Dallas Public Library

right / derecha 1969 - Brackins Village, a public housing project named in honor of black business and civic leader Charles T. Brackins, opened in 1952 with 102 units for rent to low-income families. Brackins Village, un proyecto de vivienda pública nombrada en honor 1969 - de negocios negros y líder cívico Charles T. Brackins, inaugurado en 1952, con 102 unidades de alquiler para las familias de bajos ingresos. Image courtesy of the Dallas Morning News Imagen cortesía de Dallas Morning News

At the same time, the city increased housing units within the overcrowded African-American community by building Brackins Village, a public housing complex, on a triangular tract of land that bordered the Bottom, the Heights, and the Tenth Street District. The biggest physical change came in 1955, when the construction of I-35E crossed the Trinity River along the western edge of the neighborhood, demolishing approximately 175 homes in the Tenth Street District and cutting it off from the rest of Oak Cliff.

Al mismo tiempo, la ciudad aumentó las unidades de vivienda dentro de la comunidad afro-americana contruyendo aBrackins Village, un complejo de viviendas públicas, en un trecho de tierra triangular que colinda con el Bottom, el Heights, y el Tenth Street District. El cambio físico más grande llegó en 1955, cuando la construcción de la I-35E cruzó el Trinity Rvier lo largo del borde occidental de la zona, destruyendo hogares aproximadamente 175 en el Tenth Street District y cortandolo del resto de Oak Cliff.

left / izquierda 1957 - Interstate-35 E South, which was routed to cross the Trinity River at the Cadiz Street Viaduct, runs parallel to the commercial boulevard Jefferson Avenue and North of the Dallas Zoo at Marsalis Park. This path cut through the well-established Tenth Street and Betterton Circle Additions and capped off the Cedar Creek Branch. 1957 - La Interstate-35 E South, que se dirige a cruzar el Trinity River en Cadiz Street Viaduct, corre paralela a la boulevard comercial de Jefferson Avenue y al Norte de Dallas Zoo de Marsalis Park. Este corte de la ruta a través de la bien establecida Tenth Street y Betterton Circle Additions Street y tapó el Cedar Creek Branch. Image courtesy of UT Arlington Special Collections Imagen cortesía de UT Arlington Special Collections

By the time the Civil Rights Act passed in 1964 and the constraints of segregation were lifted, the city’s improvement projects had effectively isolated the Tenth Street District, making it more vulnerable to the outward migration of families. Wealthier African American residents left segregated neighborhoods, older residents passed away, and more of the diminishing housing stock was converted to rentals. Most of the churches, such as Sunshine Elizabeth and Smith Chapel AME Churches and the business center along Tenth Street slowly followed the migration of these families, leaving behind once-active structures to stand empty. Lifelong residents watched their neighborhood deteriorate as vacancy and crime increased. During the neighborhood’s heyday in the 1950s, the Tenth Street District had 476 units; by 1970, it had lost 43 percent of its units.

En el momento en que el Civil Rights Act de 1964, y las limitaciones de la segregación, se levantaron, los proyectos de mejora de la ciudad habían aislado de forma efectiva el Tenth Street District, haciendolo más vulnerable a la emigración de las familias. Los residentes más ricos Americanos Africanos dejaron los barrios segregados, los residentes ancianos fallecieron, y más de la disminución de viviendas se convirtieron en alquileres. La mayoría de las iglesias, como Sunshine Elizabeth and Smith Chapel AME Churches y el centro de negocios en Tenth Street lentamente siguó la migración de estas familias, dejando atrás estructuras una-vez activas a quedar vacíos. Los residentes de mucho tiempo vieron su barrio deteriorándose mientras la vacancia y el delito aumentaba. Durante el apogeo del barrio en la década de 1950, el Tenth Street District tenia 476 unidades; en 1970, había perdido 43 por ciento de sus unidades.

top / arriba Greater El Bethel Missionary Baptist Church and Cliff Temple Baptist Church participated in a joint summer program for children. Greater El Bethel Missionary Baptist Church y Cliff Temple Baptist Church participaron en un programa de verano conjuntos para los niños. Image courtesy of Lou Nell Simms Imagen cortesía de Lou Nell Simms left / izquierda The Tenth Street neighborhood at its mid-century peak. El barrio de Tenth Street en su pico de mediados de siglo. Image courtesy of Lou Nell Simms Imagen cortesía de Lou Nell Simms

right / derecha 1911 - Elizabeth Chapel AME Church Image courtesy of David Perry Imagen cortesía de David Perry

There But for the Grace of God

Allí, Pero por la Gracia de Dios

In the 1992 list of America’s Eleven Most Endangered Historic Places, eight minority neighborhoods in Dallas, each of which had been ruled eligible for the National Register for Historic Places, were named as a single entry. In previous years, Dallas had made a habit of tearing down older minority neighborhoods, including the city’s largest freedman’s cemetery and the Short North Dallas neighborhood, to make way for newer developments. When the National Trust for Historic Preservation announced an emphasis on preserving minority communities, Dallas preservationists capitalized on the chance to receive funding to renovate homes. Their foresight ushered in a chance to revive neglected inner-city neighborhoods, including Tenth Street. Highlighted in newspapers because of its rich history,

prominent church landmarks, and freedman’s town roots, Tenth Street received its local landmark designation when the Dallas City Council approved the Landmark Commission’s nomination to rezone Tenth Street as a historic district in 1993.

En la lista de1992 de America’s Eleven Most Endangered Historic Places, ocho vecindarios de grupos minoritarios en Dallas, cada uno de los cuales se ha descartado los requisitos para el National Register for Historic Places, fueron nombrados como una entrada. En años anteriores, Dallas había hecho una costumbre de derribar los vecindarios de grupos minoritarios, incluyendo a la ciudad más grande del cementerio de libertos y el barrio de Short North Dallas, para dar paso a nuevos desarrollos. Cuando el National Trust for Historic Preservation anunció un énfasis en preservar las comunidades minoritarias, Dallas conservacionistas capitalizaron en la oportunidad de recibir financiación para renovar casas. Su previsión marcó el comienzo de una oportunidad de reactivar barrios descuidados del centro de la

ciudad, incluyendo a Tenth Street. Destacó en la prensa debido a su rica historia, monumentos de iglesias destacados y freedman’s town raíces, Tenth Street recibió su designación monumento local cuando el Dallas City Council aprobó el nombramiento del Landmark Commission para rezonar a Tenth Street como distrito histórico en 1993.

top and right / arriba y derecha Built in 1911, the Sunshine Elizabeth Chapel AME Church was one of the two original church congregations in Tenth Street and an anchor in the community. The congregation moved in 1970, and the building languished, slowly deteriorating until it was torn down in 1999. While congregation members tried to save the historic structure beginning in the late 1980s, they were never able to raise enough funds to do so. Construido en 1911, el Sunshine Elizabeth Chapel AME Church fue uno de los dos originales congregaciones religiosas en la Tenth Street y un ancla en la comunidad. La congregación se trasladó en 1970, y el edificio languidó, lentamente se fue deteriorando hasta que fue derribado en 1999. Mientras miembros de la congregación trataron de guardar la estructura histórica a partir de finales del decenio de 1980, nunca fueron capaces de recaudar fondos suficientes para hacerlo. Images courtesy of Preservation Dallas Imagen cortesía de Preservation Dallas

top / arriba August 26, 2004 - This Dallas Morning News article describes the difficulties of demolishing homes in the Tenth Street Historic District. 26 de Agosto de 2004 - Este artículo por Dallas Morning News describe las dificultades de demolición de viviendas en el Tenth Street Historic District. Image courtesy of Preservation Dallas Imagen cortesía de Preservation Dallas

right / derecha 1125 Noah Street - This shotgun style home, built in 1925, is a classic example of residences in the Tenth Street neighborhood. 1125 Noah Street - Esta casa estilo Shotgun, construido en 1925, es un ejemplo clásico de las residencias en el barrio de Tenth Street.

In the twenty years since its local historic designation, preservation and nonprofit organizations from both within and outside the community have fought to stabilize the neighborhood. Despite positive intentions, however, groups representing different stakeholders and viewpoints ultimately could not figure out a way to work together to combat the neighborhood’s decline. Two primary groups - the Tenth Street Historic District Community Development Corporation (TSHDCDC) and Dallas Neighbors separately conducted studies, issued pamphlets, made declarations of historic significance, and drafted neighborhood plans. However, TSHDCDC, which mainly consisted of community members, and Dallas Neighbors, which mainly consisted of those outside of the community, ultimately achieved little physical change in the neighborhood.

En los veinte años transcurridos desde su denominación histórica local, organizaciones de preservación y sin fines de lucro tanto desde dentro como fuera de la comunidad han luchado para estabilizar la zona. Pese a las intenciones positivas, sin embargo, los grupos que representan a los distintos grupos de interés y puntos finalmente no pudieron encontrar una manera de trabajar juntos en la lucha contra la caída del barrio. Dos grupos principales - el Tenth Street Historic District Community Development Corporation (TSHDCDC) y Dallas Neighbors -- por separado realizaron estudios, folletos publicó, hizieron declaraciones de importancia histórica, y elaboraron planes para el barrio. Sin embargo, TSHDCDC, que consistía, principalmente, de los miembros de la comunidad, y Dallas Neighbors, que consistía, principalmente, en esos afuera de la comunidad, en última instancia consiguieron poco cambio físico en el barrio.

right / derecha 1012 E. 11th Street - Built in 1908 and 1916, these two structures were the oldest in the neighborhood until they were torn down this year. 1012 E. 11th Street - Construido en 1908 y 1916, estas dos estructuras fueron los más antiguos en el barrio hasta que se derrumbó este año.

Some new construction occurred in the mid-nineties, which city officials hoped would help start a revitalization of the neighborhood. This included a new DART station built along Clarendon Drive and the Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Center, a state-of-the-art magnet high school intended to attract a diverse student population from across the city rather than serving the Tenth Street neighborhood exclusively. Conceived as a tool to decrease segregation during the early 1980s while the Dallas Independent School District (DISD) was still under court order for the inadequate integration of its schools, Townview consolidated several existing magnet schools. However, budget limitations and conflict about the school’s location directly north of the Tenth Street neighborhood on Eighth Street delayed construction by almost 15 years, pushing back Townview’s opening date to 1995.

Increasing vacancy continues to plague the Tenth Street neighborhood despite the few successes accomplished amidst the conflicting groups. Even though TSHDCDC, Dallas Neighbors, Preservation Dallas and the City of Dallas constructed a handful of new homes and made minor improvements, they could not stop the loss of the 75 buildings that have been torn down since Tenth Street’s designation as a historic district. These include a neighborhood icon, Sunshine Elizabeth Chapel, two business buildings, and 72 houses. Last year, N. W. Harllee, a community stronghold for almost a century, closed its doors to the neighborhood when DISD closed 11 elementary schools, consolidating campuses due to low enrollment or proximity to schools with increased student capacity.

Algunas obras se produjieron a mediados de la década de los noventa, que los funcionarios de la ciudad esperaban ayudar a iniciar una revitalización del barrio. Esto incluyó una nueva estación de DART construida a lo largo de Clarendon y Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Center, un estado de alta escuela de arte destinadas a atraer una población estudiantil diversa de toda la ciudad en lugar de servir al vecindario de Tenth Street exclusivamente. Concebido como un instrumento para disminuir segregación durante los inicios de la década de 1980 mientras que Dallas Independent School District (DISD) todavía se encontraba bajo orden de la corte por la deficiente integración de las escuelas, Townview refundió varias escuelas de talento. Sin embargo, las limitaciones presupuestarias y el conflicto sobre la situación de la escuela directamente hacia el norte de Tenth Street en la que está situado en la Calle Ocho retrasaron la

construcción por casi 15 años, empujando hacia atrás la fecha de apertura de Townview a 1995. Aumentos de vacantes cada vez más sigue siendo una plaga en el Tenth Street a pesar de los escasos éxitos alcanzados en medio del conflicto entre grupos. Aunque TSHDCDC, Dallas Neighborhoods y City of Dallas construyeron un puñado de casas nuevas y hicieron algunos mejoramientos, no pudieron detener la pérdida de los 75 edificios que se derrumbaron desde que Tenth Street fue designado como un distrito histórico. Estos incluyen un icono de vecindario, Sunshine Elizabeth Chapel, dos edificios de negocios, y 72 casas. El pasado año, N. W. Harllee, una comunidad baluarte de casi un siglo, cerró sus puertas a la vecindad cuando DISD cerró 11 escuelas primarias, consolidando los edificios debido a la baja inscripción o proximidad de las escuelas con mayor capacidad estudiantil.

top / arriba 1122 E. 9th Street - This L-plan style home, built in 1941, is a classic example of residences in the Tenth Street neighborhood. 1122 E. 9th Street - Esta casa estilo L-plan, construido en 1941, es un ejemplo clásico de las residencias en el barrio Tenth Street. left / izquierdo 1018 E. 11th Street - Refurbished in 2002 through a partnership between Preservation Dallas, the City of Dallas, and private donors, this Saddlebag style home was originally built in 1925. 1018 E. 11th Street - Reformado en 2002 a través de una asociación entre Preservation Dallas, City of Dallas, y donantes privados, esta casa de estilo Saddlebag fue construido en 1925.

top / arriba Today, Tenth Street is a combination of small homes, many of historic significance and in need of restoration; a handful of institutions like Greater El Bethel Missionary Baptist Church, shown here, and the American Care Foundation that continue to serve residents; and an increasing number of vacant lots that retain some remnants of the neighborhood’s past. Hoy en día, Tenth Street es una combinación de casas pequeñas, muchas de gran importancia histórica y la necesidad de restauración; un puñado de instituciones como Greater El Bethel Missionary Baptist Church, mostrada aquí, y el American Care Foundation que continúan sirviendo a los residentes; y un número cada vez mayor de lotes baldíos que retienen algunos restos del barrio y su pasado.

right / derecho 2011 - A group of neighborhood residents, the American Care Foundation, and other volunteers gathered for a neighborhood clean up sponsored by the City of Dallas in 2012. 2011 - Un grupo de vecinos del barrio, la American Care Foundation, y otros voluntarios se reunieron para limpiar el barrio patrocinado por City of Dallas en 2012.

When Tenth Street is mentioned those familiar with its story, a look of wistful longing and sadness passes across their faces. There is a magic that echoes through the once thriving, self-contained, and self-sufficient neighborhood that seems to touch anyone that comes in contact with it. Ultimately, Tenth Street’s fate is in the hands of those who are bound to it - its current and former residents, its landlords, and others who recognize its value. This new driving force is exemplified by the creation of the Tenth Street Crimewatch, ongoing repairs to the eighty-seven year old Greater El Bethel Missionary Baptist Church, and the late-nineties migration of Hispanic families with young children into the area. Once again, the Tenth Street neighborhood has a chance to reinvent the remnants of what once was.

Cuando se menciona Tenth Street a aquellos familiarizados con su historia, una mirada de nostalgia y tristeza nostálgica pasa a través de sus caras. Hay una magia que resuena en la otrora próspera y autosuficiente barrio que parece tocar a cualquiera que entra en contacto con él. En última instancia, el destino de Tenth Street está en las manos de aquellos que están obligados a ella, su actual y ex residentes, sus propietarios, y otros que reconocen su valor. Esta nueva fuerza impulsora es ejemplificado por la creación de Tenth Street Crimewatch, las reparaciones que se efectúan en los ochenta y siete años de edad del Greater El Bethel Missionary Baptist Church, y la migración de los noventas de familias hispanas con los niños en el área. Una vez más, la barrio de Tenth Street tiene la oportunidad de reinventar los restos de lo que una vez fue.

BURNETT FIELD

COKE LUMBER COMPANY METAL, AUTO & FEED

SHILOH BAPTIST CHURCH

TRI

NIT

CHURCH OF GOD EIG IN CHRIST HTS STR EET CAR

GOLDEN GATE BAPTIST CHURCH

NEGRO PLAY PARK

DALLAS RR & TERMINAL CAR STAGE YARDS DALLAS RR & TERMINAL BUS REPAIR

THE BOTTOM

CAR SALES FILLING STATION

GREATER SHILOH BAPTIST CHURCH OAK CLIFF GROCERY

HOTEL

MITCHELL STREET CHURCH OF CHRIST FIREWORKS

LAUNDRY

SHOW HILL FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF OAK CLIFF

WAREHOUSE

ANTIOCH BAPTIST CHURCH

N.W. HARLEE SCHOOL

SIMPSON BARBECUE

CHURCH OF CHRIST

HORMEL MEAT PACKING & SAUSAGE

OAK CLIFF CEMETERY

IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY CATHOLIC CHURCH

GREATER EL BETHEL MISSIONARY THOMPSON GROCERY BAPTIST CHURCH SON’S NEW DEAL CAFE WEDGEWORTH RADIO SHOP NEW WABASH ACE HIGH BARBER DRUG STORE SMITH CHAPEL AME

ELIZABETH CHAPEL AME CHURCH

SIMS CLEANERS

TENTH STREET

PALASOTA GROCERY

CHURCH

HOLY GHOST CHURCH

DO,

RA OLO LF, C

CHURCH

MISSION

FLEMING & SONS, INC.

FREEWILL BAPTIST CHURCH

ACE HEATER MANUFACTURING CO. GUIBERSON CORP. AIRCRAFT DIVISION

MARSALIS PARK

SOUTHWEST MARBLE JOHNSON MFG. CO.

OAK CLIFF ASSEMBLY OF GOD

FLEMING & SONS OAK CLIFF PAPER MILLS

MT. ZION METHODIST CHURCH

THE HEIGHTS MORRELL STREET BAPTIST CHURCH

NTA

& SA

North Oak Cliff African American Neighborhoods D ROA

MOORE NEGRO PARK

Vecindarios Afroamericanos del Norte de Oak Cliff

RAIL

During the mid-twentieth century, North Oak Cliff’s African American neighborhoods—The Bottom, The Heights, and Tenth Street—were self-sustaining communities that formed close relationships with each other while retaining their distinct personalities. Durante el mediano del siglo veinte, los vecindarios afroamericanos del norte de Oak Cliff—The Bottom, Tenth Street, y The Heights —eran comunidades propias que formaron relaciones cercanas con las otras mientras manteniendo sus personalidades distintas. public space church residential use neighborhood boundary commercial / institutional / industrial use

Mapping Tenth Street

Realizando un Mapa de Tenth Street Over the last century and a half, the Tenth Street neighborhood has developed from a freedman’s town into a tight-knit, vibrant African American enclave. These maps show the physical evolution of the neighborhood, including development patterns and building use over time. Created by compiling historic Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps and aerial images of the neighborhood, the maps represent how the fabric of the neighborhood has shifted drastically as a result of major transportation and infrastructure projects and increasing vacancy, resulting in the loss of approximately half of the housing stock in the past 60 years. The Tenth Street Historic District boundary, adopted in 1993, is shown on each map for reference.

Durante el último siglo y medio, el vecindario de Tenth Street ha desarrollado a partir de un liberto de la ciudad en un ameno y dinámico enclave de africano-americanos. Estos mapas muestran la evolución física del barrio, incluyendo modelos de desarrollo y uso de edificios por largo tiempo. Creado mediante la recopilación histórica Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps y las imágenes aéreas de la zona, los mapas representan cómo el tejido de la zona ha modificado drásticamente como resultado de importantes proyectos de infraestructura y transporte vacantes y el aumento, lo que se traduce en la pérdida de aproximadamente la mitad de las viviendas de los últimos 60 años. El límite de Tenth Street Historic District, aprobada en 1993, se muestra en cada mapa de referencia.

TRI NIT TRI Y RIVE NIT YR R IVE R

MILLARDMILLARD ST ST

COMAL ST

DALE ST

CHURCH ST E 9TH ST

E 9TH ST

E 9TH ST NOAH ST NOAH ST

EWING EWING AVE AVE

E 10TH ST BETTERTON CIR

BETTERTON CIR

CLEAVESCLEAVES ST ST E 9TH ST

OAK CLIFF CEMETERY

E 9TH ST

PLUM ST

WEAVER ALY

ST NORTH

SOUT H SNEE D AV E SNEE D AV E

ST LOTUS ST LOTUS

GASTON GASTON RD RD

PECAN PECAN

LEE

SOUT H

B ST B ST

FRISCO FRISCO

DOUGLAS AVE LINCOLN AVE

VALLEY

LINCOLN AVE GRANT AVE GRANT AVE

FRONT ST FRONT ST

NT ST GRA NT ST GRA

AVENUE D

E AVE DOYL E AVE DOYL

VE EA BIN OD E WO AV INE DB O WO

blocks affected by 1928 levee construction blocks affected by cuadras afectadas por la 1928 levee construction construcción de diques en 1928 cuadras afectadas por la construcción de diques en 1928

T WS RSA WA T WS RSA WA

PERU ST PERU ST

PADGITT AVE

1927 1927

PADGITT AVE

EB NU AVE EB NU AVE

Y ST SICIL Y ST SICIL

N ST PTO COM N ST PTO COM

Y ST Y ST CARE CARE

ST ST TH 13TH E 13 E

OPERA ST

DOUGLAS AVE

AVENUE D

ST ST HATTON HATTON

BETTERTON CIR

TA FE SAN

CRETE STCRETE ST

BETTERTON CIR

VALLEY

OAD AILR D A FE R NTA RAILRO A S O& A FE RAD SANT O L O DO & F, C GUL OLORA F, C GUL

TA FE SAN

T T TE S RETE S CRE C

S FLEMING S FLEMING AVE AVE

S LANCASTER S LANCASTER ST ST

ST NORTH

NORTH ST

CED CED AR AR CRE CRE EK EK

11TH ST

E 11TH ST

NORTH ST

SPRING SPRING

11TH ST

LOUANA LOUANA

WEAVER ALY

E 11TH ST

OPERA ST

E 8T HS E 8T T H ST

PLUM ST

BOSWELL ST

BETTER BETTER TON CIR TON CIR

E 10TH ST

TOSPANNTOSPANN

E 10TH ST

CHURCH ST

OAK CLIFF CEMETERY

BOSWELL ST

E 10TH ST E 10TH ST

E 10TH ST

CANYON ST

GASTON GASTON RD RD

CHURCH ST E 9TH ST

CANYON ST

CHURCH ST

ANTHONYANTHONY ST ST

CHURCH ST N CLIFF STN CLIFF ST

CHURCH ST

CORINCORIN TH STTH ST

DALE ST

FRAN WAY FRAN WAY

DALE ST

E 8TH ST E 8TH ST JEFFEJEFFE RSONRSON BLVDBLVD

MARSALIS MARSALIS AVE AVE

E 8TH ST E 8TH ST

MITCHELMITCHEL

E 7TH ST

HART ST HART ST

E 7TH ST

RIVERSIDE

N MOORENSTMOORE ST

E 6TH ST

RIVERSIDE

MILLER AVE MILLER AVE

MILLARDMILLARD ST ST

S FLEMING S FLEMING AVE AVE

E 6TH ST

SABINE ST

E E AV S AV INS IN TCH UTCH HU H

E 5TH ST

SABINE ST

EADS AVEEADS AVE

E 5TH ST

EWING EWING AVE AVE

N LANCASTERST N LANCASTERST

SABINE ST

DODD ST

TRI SABINE ST NIT TRI Y HEI NIT GHT YH SS EIG TRE HTS ET E 5TH ST STR CAR EET LINE CAR E 5TH ST LIN E

N CLIFF STN CLIFF ST

SABINE ST

EADS AVEEADS AVE

DODD ST

SABINE ST

93% occupied lots ocupados 93% lotes occupied lots ocupados 7% lotes vacant lots lotes vacantes 7% vacant lots lotes vacantes

323

occupied lots in historic district boundaries occupied lots in historic lotes ocupados en los límites district boundaries de losocupados distritos históricos lotes en los límites de los distritos históricos

1927

AVE AVE

MILLARDMILLARD ST ST

COMAL ST

TRI NIT TRI Y RIVE NIT YR R IVE R

COMAL ST

N CLIFF STN CLIFF ST

LEV EE

E E AV S AV INS IN TCH UTCH HU H

CHURCH ST E 9TH ST

E 9TH ST

E 9TH ST NOAH ST

BETTERTON CIR

AD ILRO E RA OAD R TA F SAN FE RAIL & O A RAD ANT OLO DO & S F, C GUL OLORA C , F GUL

ST LOTUS

BADEN ST

S MOORESST MOORE ST

LEADS STLEADS ST

CED CED AR AR CRE CRE EK EK

ST LOTUS

EC EC LA LA UPTON STUPTON ST RE RE ND ND ON ON DR DR

Y ST Y ST CARE CARE

ST ST TH 13TH E 13 E

VALLEY ST

COMPTON ST GLIDDEN ST

ST TTE FAYE ST TTE FAYE

GLIDDEN ST

FRONT ST FRONT ST

NT ST GRA NT ST GRA

CORINCORIN TH STTH ST E 11TH ST

AVENUE D AVENUE D

N ST PTO COM N ST PTO COM

VALLEY ST

COMPTON ST

E 11TH ST

E AVE DOYL E AVE DOYL

VE EA BIN OD E WO AV INE B OD WO

buildings from S. Moore St. to Ewing Ave. demolished to construct Clarendon buildings from S. Moore St. to EwingDrive Ave. edificios desdetoS.construct Moore St. aClarendon Ewing Ave. Drive demolidos demolished para construir edificios desde Clarendon S. Moore St.Drive a Ewing Ave. demolidos para construir Clarendon Drive

Y ST SICIL Y ST SICIL

T WS RSA WA T WS RSA WA

PERU ST PERU ST

PADGITT AVE

1949 1949

PADGITT AVE

EB NU AVE EB NU AVE

CRETE STCRETE ST

E 12TH ST

TA FE SAN

ST ST HATTON HATTON

RUPERT ST RUPERT ST

BADEN ST

TA FE SAN

T T TE S RETE S CRE C

S FLEMING S FLEMING AVE AVE

ST NORTH

E 12TH ST

VIADUCTVIADUCT ST ST

DR E CLARENDON DR E CLARENDON

ST ST CORINT COHRINTH

UPTON STUPTON ST

ST NORTH

NORTH ST

E 8T HS E 8T T H ST

PLUM ST PLUM ST

NORTH ST LANDIS LANDIS ST ST

11TH ST

E 11TH ST

S CLIFF S CLIFF DR DR

11TH ST

S LANCASTER S LANCASTER ST ST

E 9TH ST

BOSWELL ST

WEAVER ALY

VIOLA ST

E 9TH ST

OAK CLIFF CEMETERY

WEAVER ALY

E 11TH ST

VIOLA ST

CHURCH ST

OAK CLIFF CEMETERY

FRAN WAY FRAN WAY

E 10TH ST

EWING EWING AVE AVE

E 10TH ST

CANYON ST CHURCH ST

BOSWELL ST

E 10TH ST E 10TH ST

E 10TH ST

CANYON ST

N MOORENST MOORE ST

CHURCH ST E 9TH ST

N DENLEYN DR DENLEY DR

CHURCH ST

ANTHONYANTHONY ST ST

CHURCH ST

N CLIFF STN CLIFF ST

JEFFEJEFFE RSONRSON BLVDBLVD

E 8TH ST E 8TH ST

BOBBIE STBOBBIE ST

DALE ST

ALBRIGHTALBRIGHT ST ST

DALE ST

HART ST HART ST

DALE ST

NOAH ST

OPERA ST

SPARKS ST SPARKS ST

E 7TH ST

OPERA ST

CLEAVESCLEAVES ST ST

E 7TH ST

N MOORENST MOORE ST

E 6TH ST

RIVERSIDE N DENLEYN DR DENLEY DR

E 6TH ST

LEV EE

RIVERSIDE

E 5TH ST

E 6TH ST

MARSALIS MARSALIS AVE AVE

SABINE ST

PECANSTPECANST

E 5TH ST

E 8TH ST E 8TH ST

SABINE ST

MILLARDMILLARD ST ST

S FLEMING S FLEMING AVE AVE

SABINE ST

DODD ST

EADS AVEEADS AVE

E 5TH ST

EWING EWING AVE AVE

N LANCASTERST N LANCASTERST

SABINE ST

EADS AVEEADS AVE

DODD ST

SABINE ST

88% occupied lots ocupados 88% lotes occupied lots ocupados 12% lotes vacant lots vacantes 12% lotes vacant lots lotes vacantes

307

occupied lots in historic district boundaries occupied lots in historic lotes ocupados en los l铆mites district boundaries de losocupados distritos hist贸ricos lotes en los l铆mites de los distritos hist贸ricos

1950

AVE AVE

OSCAR STOSCAR ST

MILLARDMILLARD ST ST

SABINE ST LEV EE

E E AV S AV INS IN TCH UTCH HU H

E 9TH ST

E 9TH ST NOAH ST NOAH ST

BETTERTON CIR

BLISS ST

VIADUCTVIADUCT ST ST

N ST PTO COM N ST PTO COM

VALLEY ST VALLEY ST GILROY STGILROY ST

GLIDDEN ST GLIDDEN ST

FRONT ST FRONT ST

CORINCORIN TH STTH ST AVENUE B

NT ST GRA NT ST GRA

Y ST Y ST CARE CARE

ST ST TH 13TH E 13 E

EC EC LA LA UPTON STUPTON ST RE RE ND ND ON ON DR DR

AVENUE B

COMPTON ST COMPTON ST

AVENUE D

ST TTE FAYE ST TTE FAYE

E AVE DOYL E AVE DOYL

VE EA BIN OD VE WO EA BIN D O WO

buildings from Comal St. to Marsalisfrom Ave.Comal demolished to buildings St. construct E demolished to to MarsalisI-35 Ave. edificios deI-35 Comal construct E Street a Marsalis Avenue para construir I-35E edificiosdemolidos de Comal Street a Marsalis Avenue demolidos para construir I-35E

Y ST SICIL Y ST SICIL

T WS RSA WA T WS RSA WA

PERU ST PERU ST

PADGITT AVE

1979 1979

PADGITT AVE

466

EB NU AVE EB NU AVE

ST ST HATTON HATTON

E 12TH ST

E 11TH ST

AVENUE D

CRETE STCRETE ST

RUPERT ST RUPERT ST

BADEN ST

S MOORESST MOORE ST

CED CED AR AR CRE CRE EK EK

LEADS STLEADS ST

BADEN ST

TA FE SAN

E 11TH ST

ST ST CORINT COHRINTH

UPTON STUPTON ST

ST LOTUS

TA FE SAN

T T TE S RETE S CRE C

S FLEMING S FLEMING AVE AVE

S LANCASTER S LANCASTER ST ST

ST LOTUS

BLISS ST

E 12TH ST

D ROA RAIL D A FE ILROA T N SA FE RA O& A RAD ANT OLO DO & S F, C GUL OLORA C , F GUL

ST NORTH

NORTH ST

LANDIS LANDIS ST ST

11TH ST

E 11TH ST

S CLIFF S CLIFF ST ST

E 11TH ST

E1 3TH ST E1 3TH ST

DR E CLARENDON DR E CLARENDON

ST NORTH

NORTH ST

E 8T HS E 8T T H ST

BRACKINS VILLAGE

PLUM ST

WEAVER ALY

11TH ST

VIOLA ST

BRACKINS VILLAGE PLUM ST

BOSWELL ST

WEAVER ALY

VIOLA ST

E 9TH ST

DANEL STDANEL ST

BETTERTON CIR

E 9TH ST

OAK CLIFF CEMETERY

FIJI ST FIJI ST

E 10TH ST

EWING EWING AVE AVE

E 10TH ST

CHURCH ST

OAK CLIFF CEMETERY

BOSWELL ST

E 10TH ST E 10TH ST

E 10TH ST

CANYON ST

CHURCH ST

N MOORENST MOORE ST

CHURCH ST

N DENLEYN DR DENLEY DR

CHURCH ST E 9TH ST

ANTHONYANTHONY ST ST

CHURCH ST N CLIFF STN CLIFF ST

CHURCH ST

CANYON ST

CT CT GHAN GHAN MONA MONA

JEFFEJEFFE RSONRSON BLVDBLVD

E 8TH ST E 8TH ST

BOBBIE STBOBBIE ST

DALE ST

ALBRIGHTALBRIGHT ST ST

DALE ST

FRAN WAY FRAN WAY

DALE ST

PECANSTPECANST

CLEAVESCLEAVES ST ST

I - 35I -E35 E

DALE ST

HART ST HART ST

SPARKS ST SPARKS ST

E 7TH ST

OPERA ST

N MOORENST MOORE ST

E 7TH ST

N DENLEYN DR DENLEY DR

E 6TH ST

FLE F MIN LEMIN GP GP L L

E 6TH ST

OPERA ST

LEV EE

MAY HALL ST

EADS AVEEADS AVE

E 6TH ST

MARSALIS MARSALIS AVE AVE

SABINE ST

MAY HALL ST

E 5TH ST

E 8TH ST E 8TH ST

N CLIFF STN CLIFF ST

DODD ST

SABINE ST

EWING EWING AVE AVE

N LANCASTERST N LANCASTERST

E 5TH ST

TRI NIT TRI Y RIVE NIT YR R IVE R

DODD ST

SABINE ST

SABINE ST SABINE ST

COMAL ST

EADS AVEEADS AVE

COMAL ST

MILLARDMILLARD ST ST

COMAL ST

85% occupied lots ocupados 85% lotes occupied lots ocupados 15% lotes vacant lots vacantes 15% lotes vacant lots lotes vacantes

293

1979

AVE AVE

OSCAR STOSCAR ST

CHURCH ST E 9TH ST

E 9TH ST

E 9TH ST NOAH ST NOAH ST

E 10TH ST

BETTERTON CIR

CORINCORIN TH STTH ST

DR E CLARENDON DR E CLARENDON

TA FE SAN TA FE SAN

VALLEY ST GILROY STGILROY ST

COMPTON ST

GLIDDEN ST GLIDDEN ST FRONT ST

NT ST GRA NT ST GRA

ST TTE FAYE ST TTE FAYE

FRAN WAY FRAN WAY

E AVE DOYL E AVE DOYL

VE EA BIN OD E WO AV INE B OD WO

buildings in this area demolished between 1979 and 1995 buildings in this area demolished edificios esta zona demolidos betweenen1979 and 1995 entre 1979 1995 edificios enyesta zona demolidos entre 1979 y 1995

T WS RSA WA T WS RSA WA

PERU ST PERU ST

PADGITT AVE

1995 1995

PADGITT AVE

583

Y ST SICIL Y ST SICIL

CRETE STCRETE ST

VALLEY ST

COMPTON ST

N ST PTO COM N ST PTO COM

EB NU AVE EB NU AVE

ST ST HATTON HATTON

FIJI ST FIJI ST

DANEL STDANEL ST

AVENUE B

Y ST Y ST CARE CARE

ST ST TH 13TH E 13 E

EC EC LA LA UPTON STUPTON ST RE RE ND ND ON ON DR DR

AVENUE B

ST ST CORINT COHRINTH

BADEN ST

BLISS ST

FRONT ST

E 11TH ST

AVENUE D

BADEN ST

E 12TH ST

E 11TH ST

AVENUE D

S MOORESST MOORE ST

CED CED AR AR CRE CRE EK EK

LANDIS LANDIS ST ST

ST LOTUS

T T TE S RETE S CRE C

S FLEMING S FLEMING AVE AVE

ST LOTUS

BLISS ST

E 12TH ST

E D LIN T RE E DAR ED LIN R T R DA

ST NORTH

LINEE LINE BLUTEBLU DARTDAR

UPTON STUPTON ST

E 8T HS E 8T T H ST

BRACKINS VILLAGE

ST NORTH

NORTH ST

LEADS STLEADS ST

E 11TH ST

S CLIFF S CLIFF ST ST

11TH ST

E1 3TH ST E1 3TH ST

BRACKINS VILLAGE PLUM ST PLUM ST

NORTH ST 11TH ST

VIOLA ST

E 9TH ST

BOSWELL ST

WEAVER ALY

VIOLA ST

E 9TH ST

WEAVER ALY

E 11TH ST

S LANCASTER S LANCASTER ST ST

OAK CLIFF CEMETERY

RUPERT ST RUPERT ST

EWING EWING AVE AVE

E 10TH ST

CHURCH ST

OAK CLIFF CEMETERY

BOSWELL ST

E 10TH ST E 10TH ST

E 10TH ST

CANYON ST CHURCH ST

N MOORENST MOORE ST

CHURCH ST E 9TH ST

N DENLEYN DR DENLEY DR

CHURCH ST

ANTHONYANTHONY ST ST

CHURCH ST

CANYON ST

CT CT GHAN GHAN MONA MONA

JEFFEJEFFE RSONRSON BLVDBLVD

E 8TH ST E 8TH ST

VIADUCTVIADUCT ST ST

DALE ST

BOBBIE STBOBBIE ST

DALE ST

ALBRIGHTALBRIGHT ST ST

DALE ST

HART ST HART ST

YVONNE A. EWELL TOWNVIEW CENTER YVONNE A. EWELL TOWNVIEW CENTER

PECANSTPECANST

SPARKS ST SPARKS ST

N DENLEYN DR DENLEY DR

LEV EE

CLEAVESCLEAVES ST ST

I - 35I -E35 E

DALE ST

OPERA ST

LEV EE

MAY HALL ST

E 7TH ST

OPERA ST

MAY HALL ST

N MOORENST MOORE ST

E 7TH ST

MARSALIS MARSALIS AVE AVE

N CLIFF STN CLIFF ST

MILLARDMILLARD ST ST E 6TH ST

FLE F MIN LEMIN GP GP L L

E 6TH ST

EADS AVEEADS AVE

E 6TH ST

SABINE ST

E E AV S AV INS IN TCH UTCH HU H

E 5TH ST

E 8TH ST E 8TH ST

SABINE ST

N CLIFF STN CLIFF ST

E 5TH ST

DODD ST

SABINE ST

EWING EWING AVE AVE

N LANCASTERST N LANCASTERST

SABINE ST

DODD ST

SABINE ST

TRI NIT TRI Y RIVE NIT YR R IVE R

COMAL ST

EADS AVEEADS AVE

COMAL ST

MILLARDMILLARD ST ST

COMAL ST

67% occupied lots ocupados 67% lotes occupied lots ocupados 33% lotes vacant lots vacantes 33% lotes vacant lots lotes vacantes

226

1995

AVE AVE

OSCAR STOSCAR ST

MILLARDMILLARD ST ST

SABINE ST

E 9TH ST

E 9TH ST NOAH ST

BETTERTON CIR

CORINCORIN TH STTH ST TA FE SAN TA FE SAN

VALLEY ST GILROY STGILROY ST

GLIDDEN ST GLIDDEN ST

FRONT ST NT ST GRA NT ST GRA

ST TTE FAYE ST TTE FAYE

E AVE DOYL E AVE DOYL

VE EA BIN OD VE WO EA BIN D O WO

buildings in the historic district demolished adopted in 1993 buildings in since the historic district edificios en el since distritoadopted históricoin demolidos demolished 1993 desde suen adoptación 1993 demolidos edificios el distrito en histórico desde su adoptación en 1993

T WS RSA WA T WS RSA WA

PERU ST PERU ST

PADGITT AVE

2013 2013

PADGITT AVE

Y ST SICIL Y ST SICIL

ST ST HATTON HATTON

N ST PTO COM

VALLEY ST

COMPTON ST COMPTON ST

FRAN WAY FRAN WAY

N ST PTO COM

EB NU AVE EB NU AVE

CRETE STCRETE ST

FIJI ST FIJI ST

DANEL STDANEL ST

AVENUE B

Y ST Y ST CARE CARE

ST ST TH 13TH E 13 E

EC EC LA LA UPTON STUPTON ST RE RE ND ND ON ON DR DR

AVENUE B

ST ST CORINT COHRINTH

BADEN ST

BLISS ST

FRONT ST

E 11TH ST

AVENUE D

BADEN ST

E 12TH ST

E 11TH ST

AVENUE D

S MOORESST MOORE ST

CED CED AR AR CRE CRE EK EK

LANDIS LANDIS ST ST

LEADS STLEADS ST

ST LOTUS

T T TE S RETE S CRE C

S FLEMING S FLEMING AVE AVE

ST LOTUS

BLISS ST

E 12TH ST

E D LIN T RE E DAR ED LIN R T DAR

ST NORTH

NORTH ST

LINEE LINE BLUTEBLU DARTDAR

UPTON STUPTON ST

S CLIFF S CLIFF ST ST

11TH ST

S LANCASTER S LANCASTER ST ST

DR E CLARENDON DR E CLARENDON

ST NORTH

NORTH ST

11TH ST

E 11TH ST

E1 3TH ST E1 3TH ST

E 8T HS E 8T T H ST

BRACKINS VILLAGE

BOSWELL ST

WEAVER ALY

VIOLA ST

BRACKINS VILLAGE PLUM ST

WEAVER ALY

E 11TH ST

VIOLA ST

E 9TH ST

PLUM ST

RUPERT ST RUPERT ST

EWING EWING AVE AVE

E 10TH ST

E 9TH ST

BOSWELL ST

E 10TH ST E 10TH ST

E 10TH ST

CHURCH ST OAK CLIFF CEMETERY OAK CLIFF CEMETERY

NOAH ST

E 10TH ST

CANYON ST CHURCH ST

N MOORENST MOORE ST

CHURCH ST

N DENLEYN DR DENLEY DR

CHURCH ST E 9TH ST

ANTHONYANTHONY ST ST

CHURCH ST N CLIFF STN CLIFF ST

CHURCH ST

CANYON ST

CT CT GHAN GHAN MONA MONA

JEFFEJEFFE RSONRSON BLVDBLVD

E 8TH ST E 8TH ST

VIADUCTVIADUCT ST ST

DALE ST

BOBBIE STBOBBIE ST

CLEAVESCLEAVES ST ST

N DENLEYN DR DENLEY DR

DALE ST

ALBRIGHTALBRIGHT ST ST

DALE ST

HART ST HART ST

I - 35I -E35 E

DALE ST

OPERA ST

SPARKS ST SPARKS ST

YVONNE A. EWELL TOWNVIEW CENTER YVONNE A. EWELL TOWNVIEW CENTER

E 7TH ST

OPERA ST

LEV EE

N MOORENST MOORE ST

E 7TH ST

EADS AVEEADS AVE

E 6TH ST

FLE F MIN LEMIN GP GP L L

E 6TH ST

LEV EE

MAY HALL ST

PECANSTPECANST

E E AV S AV INS IN TCH UTCH HU H

E 6TH ST

MARSALIS MARSALIS AVE AVE

SABINE ST

MAY HALL ST

E 5TH ST

E 8TH ST E 8TH ST

N CLIFF STN CLIFF ST

DODD ST

SABINE ST

EWING EWING AVE AVE

N LANCASTERST N LANCASTERST

E 5TH ST

TRI NIT TRI Y RIVE NIT YR R IVE R

DODD ST

SABINE ST

SABINE ST SABINE ST

COMAL ST

EADS AVEEADS AVE

COMAL ST

MILLARDMILLARD ST ST

COMAL ST

55% occupied lots ocupados 55% lotes occupied lots ocupados 45% lotes vacant lots vacantes 45% lotes vacant lots lotes vacantes

191

2013

AVE AVE

Thank you to the following; without your participation, Neighborhood Stories: Tenth Street would not have been possible: Gracias a las siguientes persona; sin esta participaci贸n, Neighborhood Stories: Tenth Street no ser铆an posible: Thank you to the Tenth Street neighborhood Gracias al vecindario de Tenth Street Norm Alston Rolando Cobos Patricia Cox Ron Emrich Alonzo Harris Clarence Holoman

Shaun Montgomery Donald Payton David Perry Margaret Short Lou Nell Sims Nikki Young

American Care Foundation Brackins Village Dallas CityDesign Studio Dallas Municipal Archives Dallas Public Library Texas, Dallas History & Archives Division Elizabeth Chapel AME Church Eloise Lundy Recreation Center Greater El Bethel Missionary Baptist Church Preservation Dallas Trinity River Audubon Center

Neighborhood Stories: Tenth Street is one in a series of six events celebrating Dallas’s diverse neighborhoods. It has been an honor and a privilege to prepare this work. We look forward to hearing your story. Neighborhood Stories: Tenth Street es uno en una seria de seis eventos celebrando los vecindarios diversos de Dallas. Ha sido un honor y privilegio a preparar esta obra. Esperamos con interés escuchar su cuento. To find out more, please call 214.252.2900 or visit our website at bcworkshop.org. Para más información, por favor llame 214.252.2900 o visite nuestra página web a bcworkshop.org.