Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center (Graduation Thesis)

THEMOREYOUUSE, THEL ESSYOUL I VE. . .

GRADUATI ONPROJ ECTI

BASANTALSHAFEY 201610170

GRADUATI ONPROJ ECTI

DRUGADDI CTI ONREHABI LI T ATI ONCENTER

DRUGADDI CTI ONREHABI L I T ATI ONCENTER

2022 Bas antRe daAl s haf e y Bac he l orofAr c hi t e c t ur e

DR. Bouz ai dBoudi af As s i s t antPr of e s s or

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

GRADUATION PROJECT I

DRUG ADDICTION REHABILITATION CENTER BASANT REDA ALSHAFEY 201610170

SUPERVISED BY: DR. BOUZAID BOUDIAF

FIRST ACADEMIC SEMESTER ACADEMIC YEAR 2021

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Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center

A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Architectural Engineering at Ajman University in Partial Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Architectural Engineering.

Basant Reda Alshafey December 2021

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

A total of 5 years, 50 courses, and 169 credit hours...

The sense of accomplishment at the end of this tedious process is unparalleled. The credit for completing this effort goes to Allah first, then to people who have had a significant impact on my life.

First and foremost, I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to my family, who were always there for me and did everything in their power to help me reach this level.

They have helped me to become an individual who can stand out and face any challenges that come my way as I progress.

At this point, I'd like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Bouzaid Boudiaf, for his encouragement, patience, and guidance. It was a pleasure to work under his supervision, and he was always pushing me to do my best. A special thanks and gratitude to Ms. Neveen El Bendary for her unconditional assistance, love, and support.

I also owe special gratitude to myself for being able to tolerate all of the obstacles and difficulties I've encountered on this journey, as well as to my friends for their unending unconditional love and support.

I am also grateful to the AU family, my professors, and my outstanding colleagues for their invaluable assistance in making my five years of study a worthwhile experience that has unquestionably improved me and made me a better person.

With sincere gratitude and appreciation...

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ABSTRACT

A rehabilitation center is a facility that treats people who are addicted or addicted to psychoactive substances such as narcotics. Many rehabilitation centers specialize in treating a specific type of addiction, focusing on a specific group of people and assisting them in meeting all of their unique needs. As a result, high-quality treatment methods and in-depth expertise are produced. This study proposed a rehabilitation center project to heal the souls and bodies of drug addicts.

The project combines pharmacological, physical, and psychological treatment and creates an environment conducive to full recovery and becoming responsible citizens. The administrative, clinical, recreational, residential, and service areas are the primary focus of this project.

The project site was chosen in the eastern region of the city of Ajman in the United Arab Emirates, and it is surrounded by farms and local residential areas. This project aims to lend a helping hand to this category of people, assisting them in resuming normal lives and becoming productive members of society.

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“Drugs take you to hell, disguised as heaven.”

– Donald Lyn Frost

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INTRODUCTION

Addiction and drug abuse are spreading like cancer among UAE youth. The number of drug-related deaths is increasing (Dajani, 2016). The UAE has followed the global trend of decriminalizing drug users and classifying addiction as a mental illness. Even though it is still a criminal offense to consume illegal drugs and a conviction results in a mandatory sentence of four years in prison, revisions in 1995 and 2005 added a provision for treatment and rehabilitation (Al-Ghaferi, et al., 2017).

In 2002, Abu Dhabi's National Rehabilitation Center was established. The majority of cases that the center receives involve addicts between the ages of 20 and 30 (Rasheed, 2016). People from the UAE and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) were the most heavily involved in drug trafficking. In 2014, a total of 770 people were involved in drug cases, including 341 GCC nationals, 106 Arabs, and 323 foreigners (Barakat, 2014). The Federal National Council had expressed concern about a lack of rehabilitation center beds and specialists, as well as inadequate school educational programs. In 2013, 379 students were found to be using drugs, with 160 of them being Emiratis. Afra Al Basti, a Dubai member, requested that Sheikh Saif take the initiative to provide more rehabilitation centers, as the trend was growing, even among women (Dajani, 2016). [1] The stigma associated with rehabilitation centers is a worldwide issue. The issue of stigma is exacerbated in the UAE's conservative society. The Ministry of Interior brought in 25% of the patients in the NRC (Rasheed, 2016), and Emiratis have a habit of seeking rehabilitation in foreign countries. Every year, between 45 and 75 Emiratis travel to Thailand to seek drug and alcohol rehabilitation at a specialized resort.

The promotion of anonymity provided by overseas rehabilitation resorts is appealing to UAE nationals. The promotion of anonymity provided by overseas rehabilitation resorts is the best alternative for UAE nationals in a region where drug addiction is still considered taboo (Clarke, 2015).

Rehabilitation centers are classified as mental health facilities, and typical treatment programs last 4 to 8 weeks. Inpatients in mental health facilities are more likely to engage in self-harm and aggressive behavior (Bowers, et al., 2011). The traditional design of some rehabilitation centers contributes to increased stress and endangers both patients' and staff's well-being (Unwin, 2003) (Edge, 2003) (Seaward, 2011). According to studies, patient satisfaction with mental health facilities decreases progressively during the treatment period (Potthoff, 1995), and satisfaction results in the patient's desire to continue receiving treatment (Sapmaz, et al., 2012).

The project's goals are to design a drug rehabilitation center capable of destigmatizing, treating, and reintegrating drug abuse patients into society. Furthermore, it aims to aid in the prevention of future addiction causes and to raise awareness in the community, particularly among youth. The project's goal is to use architectural design to create an environment that increases patients' satisfaction with treatment while decreasing their stress. The design will address concerns about the rehabilitation facility's satisfaction, safety, and functionality.

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A Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center in Ajman, United Arab Emirates, is the project that will be developed.

As mentioned that the number of drug abusers is increasing in all segments of society and both gender, so it was critical to take a stand against this problem by establishing a rehabilitation center that assists this category by offering them a helping hand. Given that the National Center in Abu Dhabi and Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital in Dubai do not accommodate a sufficient number of patients throughout the year, and that most patients prefer to travel outside the country to receive treatment due to community fear, these were the primary reasons for the development of the rehabilitation center in the Emirates, which It meets all of their needs and protects the patient's privacy by locating the center out of sight and easily accessible from all emirates, and because Ajman is the second largest emirate in the local classification of drug abuse with 20%, followed by Dubai with 15%, and on top Abu Dhabi with 51%. Indeed, there is a center and a hospital for the treatment of addiction in these two emirates, so it was critical to establish a second specialized center in the country to treat the greatest number of patients and achieve 100% cure by 2050.

Architecturally, the project's main goal is to provide an appealing environment for both the community and the patients while also protecting the patients' privacy.

The concept revolves around the creation of smaller wards and semi-enclosed courtyards, both of which are critical in creating a comfortable atmosphere in the building. It also addresses an important consideration, which is to provide ample light and views of natural elements to the inpatient. Details that can significantly reduce mental distress and increase psychological well-being are far from the institutional concept.

The first chapter of the book discusses drug abuse and its causes, as well as statistics in the UAE based on the percentage of drug abuse in each emirate, the percentage of drug abusers by age, and the nationalities of drug-abusing students. It also discusses the definition of a rehabilitation center, drug addiction, and drug rehabilitation, as well as the evolution of the topic and program over time, as well as the typologies of centers around the world, and finally the project's aims, objectives, and the reason for choosing Ajman as the location.

In the second chapter of the book, I discussed some precedent studies from the global and local worlds, including Groot Klimmendaal Rehabilitation Center in the Netherlands, Storstorm Prison in Denmark, and Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital in the UAE. At the end of this chapter, I compared the three preceding studies using some key criteria.

The third chapter is primarily concerned with the program that I intend to develop in my project, which is based on what was inferred from the precedent studies, and it revolves around the most common activities that were circulated in the three precedent studies, as well as what is commensurate with the country's societal culture. As a result, the activities to be used in the upcoming program were determined.

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The fourth chapter discusses site selection, which is based on comparisons of three zones chosen according to the Ajman 2030 vision, and after selecting the best zone based on the criteria extracted from the precedent studies, Al Hileo, three sites were identified in this zone and compared through accessibility, surroundings, traffic, topography, and visibility from outside the zone. Following the selection of the site based on the highest score obtained through the percentages of the criteria with which it was compared.

The last chapter is a preliminary design for the idea that will be developed in Graduation Project 2, and it is inspired by Michelangelo's famous painting "The Creation of Adam". The idea of reversing the meaning of the paintings was inspired by the works of famous architects Frank Gehry, who was inspired by Vincent Van Gogh's painting "The starry night" for his latest designs LUMA Arles tower, and Mies Van De Rohe, who was inspired by Theo Van Doesburg's famous painting "Rhythm of a Russian dance" for the plan of the Barcelona Pavilion. what was extracted from it is the idea of providing a helping hand to a person in need, and this summarizes the goal of developing the Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center to try as much as possible to help these people from losing their lives and drawing for them the first steps of their new life by treating them and making them feel better.

What was extracted from it is the idea of lending a helping hand to someone in need, and this summarizes the goal of developing the Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center, which is to try as much as possible to keep these people from losing their lives and to help them take the first steps toward a new life by treating them and making them feel better.

What I can say is that this book presents a study, if not a complete one, that covers everything that should be considered when designing a drug addiction rehabilitation center. The problem and its causes are discussed in the first chapter of the book, and studies conducted in the UAE demonstrate the validity of what was later concluded. As a result, in the second chapter, some cases from around the world were studied in order to conclude the most important facilities that are used in such centers and present them in detail in the program on which the project will be based, and this is what the project will be based on. The project site was determined in the city of Ajman, and based on the vision of Ajman 2030, the area was determined, which is Al-Hileo, as presented by the fourth chapter and based on a survey conducted in the Emirates on 100 citizens and residents. As for the last chapter, it is a preliminary design concept for the project, inspired by the famous painting "The Creation of Adam" by the famous artist Michelangelo.

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INDEX

ِAcknowledgment....................................................................................................5 Abstract...........................................................................................................................7 Introduction................................................................................................................11 List of figures............................................................................................................16 List of table.................................................................................................................23 01 -Presentation ......................................................................................................24 1.1 General Information & Statistics .................................................................................28 1.2 Definition .....................................................................................................................35 1.3 Statments of the Problem .............................................................................................36 1.4 Evolution of the Topic..................................................................................................42 1.5 Evolution of the Program.............................................................................................46 1.6 Typologies....................................................................................................................52

02 -Case Studies.....................................................................................................58 2.1 Groot Klimmendaal Rehabilitation Center ..................................................................62 2.2 Storstorm Prison ........................................................................................................100 2.3 Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital.....................................................................................140 2.4 Program Comparison .................................................................................................174

04 -Site Selection................................................................................................212 4.1 Location and Site Description ...................................................................................217 4.2 Ajman Urban Development Strategy 2030................................................................220 4.3 Case Studies Comparison..........................................................................................222 4.4 Zone Selection Criteria .............................................................................................228 4.5 Site Selection Criteria ...............................................................................................231

05 -Concept .............................................................................................................238 5.1 Approaches of Concept .............................................................................................242 5.2 Function ....................................................................................................................244 5.3 Concept (scenarios) ...................................................................................................245 5.4 Observations..............................................................................................................251

Conclusion................................................................................................................254 Appendix ...................................................................................................................256 Data collection ......................................................................................................258 References ................................................................................................................266

03 -Program .............................................................................................................180 3.1 Survey ........................................................................................................................182 3.2 Program Summary .....................................................................................................191 3.3 Program Analysis .......................................................................................................193 3.4 Recommendations......................................................................................................208 3.5 Estimated Budget .......................................................................................................211 14

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure [1-1] Addiction..................................................................................................................................26 Figure [1-2] Global trends in the estimated number of drug users, 2006-2013 ...........................................28 Figure [1-3] Heroin and opioid-related deaths Heroin Opioid analgesics ...................................................28 Figure [1-4] Estimated number of executions top 25 countrie ....................................................................29 Figure [1-5] Execution number in countries because of drug use................................................................30 Figure [1-6] The percentage of drug abuse in each emirate.........................................................................30 Figure [1-7] Nationalities of drug-abusing students in 2011........................................................................31 Figure [1-8] Nationalities of drug-abusing students in 2012........................................................................31 Figure [1-9] Nationalities of drug-abusing students in 2013........................................................................31 Figure [1-10] Stereotypes.............................................................................................................................32 Figure [1-11] Reasons that young people in UAE use the drug...................................................................34 Figure [1-12] Symbol of addiction...............................................................................................................36 Figure [1-13] Symbol of freedom ................................................................................................................38 Figure [1-14] Ajman city..............................................................................................................................40 Figure [1-15] Town hospital and biological treatments ...............................................................................42 Figure [1-16] Generics as a percent of the total market (1999) ...................................................................42 Figure [1-17] Town hospital .........................................................................................................................43 Figure [1-18] Timeline of Methods Used for Treating Drug Addiction.......................................................44 Figure [1-19] Ancient Greece when opium abuse spread ............................................................................46 Figure [1-20] Riverside Hospital 1952 ........................................................................................................47 Figure [1-21] Timeline of evolution of the program ....................................................................................48 Figure [1-22] Drug addiction .......................................................................................................................50 Figure [1-23] Storstorm Prison ....................................................................................................................52 Figure [1-24] Vejle Psychiatric Hospital ......................................................................................................52 Figure [1-25] Copenhagen Center................................................................................................................52 Figure [1-26] Storstorm Prison ....................................................................................................................53 Figure [1-27] Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center .......................................................................53 Figure [1-28] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal ............................................................................54 Figure [1-29] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal ............................................................................54 Figure [1-30] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal ............................................................................55 Figure [1-31] Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center .......................................................................56 Figure [1-32] Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center .......................................................................57 Figure [1-33] Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center .......................................................................57 Figure [2-1] Drug addiction treatment center ..............................................................................................60 Figure [2-2] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal ..............................................................................62 Figure [2-3] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal ..............................................................................64 Figure [2-4] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal ..............................................................................66 Figure [2-5] Environmental analysis............................................................................................................68 16

Figure [2-6] Contextual analysis ...................................................................................................................70 Figure [2-7] Circulation and accessibility analysis .......................................................................................72 Figure [2-8] Site plan ....................................................................................................................................74 Figure [2-9] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal ...............................................................................76 Figure [2-10] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal .............................................................................78 Figure [2-11] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal .............................................................................78 Figure [2-12] Plan of daylight .......................................................................................................................78 Figure [2-13] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal .............................................................................79 Figure [2-14] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal .............................................................................80 Figure [2-15] Lightwells /voids from roof to the ground floor .....................................................................80 Figure [2-16] Visual rotation from roofgarden into th vally .........................................................................80 Figure [2-17] Lightwells contains plants and trees .......................................................................................80 Figure [2-18] Program in need of daylight positioned along the facade and lightwells ...............................80 Figure [2-19] Concept plan analysis .............................................................................................................81 Figure [2-20] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal .............................................................................82 Figure [2-21] Material analysis .....................................................................................................................82 Figure [2-22] Material analysis .....................................................................................................................82 Figure [2-23] Bubble diagram of main activities ..........................................................................................83 Figure [2-24] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal .............................................................................86 Figure [2-25] Ground floor plan....................................................................................................................87 Figure [2-26] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal .............................................................................88 Figure [2-27] First floor plan ........................................................................................................................89 Figure [2-28] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal .............................................................................90 Figure [2-29] Second floor plan ....................................................................................................................91 Figure [2-30] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal .............................................................................92 Figure [2-31] Third floor plan .......................................................................................................................93 Figure [2-32] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal .............................................................................94 Figure [2-33] Fourth floor plan .....................................................................................................................95 Figure [2-34] East elevation..........................................................................................................................96 Figure [2-35] Longitudinal section ...............................................................................................................96 Figure [2-36] Especial bubble diagram for ground floor ..............................................................................96 Figure [2-37] Especial bubble diagram for fierst floor .................................................................................97 Figure [2-38] Especial bubble diagram for second floor ..............................................................................97 Figure [2-39] Especial bubble diagram for third floor ..................................................................................98 Figure [2-40] Especial bubble diagram for fourth floor................................................................................98 Figure [2-41] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................100 Figure [2-42] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................102 Figure [2-43] Environmental analysis ........................................................................................................104 Figure [2-44] Contextual analysis ...............................................................................................................106 Figure [2-45] Circulation and accessibility analysis ...................................................................................108 Figure [2-46] Site plan ................................................................................................................................110 Figure [2-47] Storstrom prison....................................................................................................................112 Figure [2-48] Storstrom prison....................................................................................................................114 17

Figure [2-49] Storstrom prison....................................................................................................................116 Figure [2-50] Plan of daylight .....................................................................................................................117 Figure [2-51] Storstrom prison....................................................................................................................118 Figure [2-52] Storstrom prison....................................................................................................................118 Figure [2-53] Storstrom prison....................................................................................................................119 Figure [2-54] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................120 Figure [2-55] Standard wing elevation .......................................................................................................120 Figure [2-56] Workshop building elevation ................................................................................................120 Figure [2-57] Activity building elevation ...................................................................................................120 Figure [2-58] Bubble diagram of main activities .......................................................................................121 Figure [2-59] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................124 Figure [2-60] Standard wing ground floor ..................................................................................................125 Figure [2-61] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................126 Figure [2-62] Standard wing first floor .......................................................................................................127 Figure [2-63] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................128 Figure [2-64] Workshop building ground floor ...........................................................................................129 Figure [2-65] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................130 Figure [2-66] Activity building ground floor ..............................................................................................131 Figure [2-67] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................132 Figure [2-68] Special security wing ground floor ......................................................................................133 Figure [2-69] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................134 Figure [2-70] Cell plan................................................................................................................................134 Figure [2-71] Cell Axonometric..................................................................................................................134 Figure [2-72] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................135 Figure [2-73] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................136 Figure [2-74] Storstrom prison ...................................................................................................................136 Figure [2-75] Especial bubble diagram for sandard wing of ground floor ...................................................137 Figure [2-76] Especial bubble diagram for standard wing of first floor ........................................................137 Figure [2-77] Especial bubble diagram for Workshop building ground floor.............................................138 Figure [2-78] Especial bubble diagram for Activity building ground floor ................................................138 Figure [2-79] Especial bubble diagram for Special security wing ground floor.........................................139 Figure [2-80] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital................................................................................................140 Figure [2-81] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital................................................................................................142 Figure [2-82] Environmental analysis.........................................................................................................144 Figure [2-83] Contextual analysis ...............................................................................................................146 Figure [2-84] Circulation and accessibility analysis ...................................................................................148 Figure [2-85] Site plan ................................................................................................................................150 Figure [2-86] Master plan ...........................................................................................................................152 Figure [2-87] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital................................................................................................154 Figure [2-88] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital................................................................................................156 Figure [2-89] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital................................................................................................158 Figure [2-90] Daylightmendaal...................................................................................................................159 Figure [2-91] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital................................................................................................160 Figure [2-92] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital................................................................................................160 18

Figure [2-93] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital................................................................................................161 Figure [2-94] Material analysis ...................................................................................................................162 Figure [2-95] Material analysis ...................................................................................................................162 Figure [2-96] Material analysis ...................................................................................................................162 Figure [2-97] Material analysis ...................................................................................................................162 Figure [2-98] Bubble diagram of main activities ........................................................................................163 Figure [2-99] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital................................................................................................166 Figure [2-100] Clinical zone ground floor ..................................................................................................167 Figure [2-101] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital .............................................................................................168 Figure [2-102] Outpatient rehabilitation ground floor ................................................................................169 Figure [2-103] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital .............................................................................................170 Figure [2-104] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital housing units .......................................................................170 Figure [2-105] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital .............................................................................................171 Figure [2-106] Especial bubble diagram for Clinical zone ground floor ....................................................171 Figure [2-107] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital .............................................................................................172 Figure [2-108] Especial bubble diagram for Outpatient rehabilitation ground floor ..................................173 Figure [2-109] Storstrom prison .................................................................................................................176 Figure [2-110] Ajman city ...........................................................................................................................178 Figure [3-1] Survey (nationality) ................................................................................................................183 Figure [3-2] Survey (group of age) .............................................................................................................183 Figure [3-3] Survey (gender) ......................................................................................................................184 Figure [3-4] Survey (questioner).................................................................................................................185 Figure [3-5] Survey (questioner).................................................................................................................185 Figure [3-6] Survey (questioner).................................................................................................................186 Figure [3-7] Survey (questioner).................................................................................................................186 Figure [3-8] Survey (questioner).................................................................................................................187 Figure [3-9] Survey (questioner).................................................................................................................187 Figure [3-10] Survey (questioner)...............................................................................................................188 Figure [3-11] Symbol of fitness center........................................................................................................190 Figure [3-12] Symbol of swimming pool ...................................................................................................190 Figure [3-13] Symbol of inpatients .............................................................................................................190 Figure [3-14] Symbol of outpatients ...........................................................................................................190 Figure [3-15] Symbol of clinic....................................................................................................................190 Figure [3-16] Symbol of rehabilitation .......................................................................................................190 Figure [3-17] Symbol of administration .....................................................................................................190 Figure [3-18] Symbol of gathering area .....................................................................................................190 Figure [3-19] Bubble diagram for the program that will developed ...........................................................192 Figure [3-20] 2d sketch for pharmacy.........................................................................................................194 Figure [3-21] 3d sketch for cafe..................................................................................................................194 Figure [3-22] 3d sketch for inpatienr's room ..............................................................................................198 Figure [3-23] 3d sketch for examination room ...........................................................................................198 Figure [3-24] 3d sketch for nurses workstation ..........................................................................................198 Figure [3-25] 3d sketch for doctor's room ..................................................................................................198 Figure [3-26] 3d sketch for restaurant.........................................................................................................202 19

Figure [3-27] 3d sketch for indoor swimming pool ....................................................................................202 Figure [3-28] 3d sketch for gym .................................................................................................................202 Figure [3-29] 3d sketch for library..............................................................................................................202 Figure [3-30] 3d sketch for workshop ........................................................................................................204 Figure [3-31] 3d sketch for classroom ........................................................................................................204 Figure [3-32] Section for theater.................................................................................................................204 Figure [3-33] 3d sketch for multi purpose hall ...........................................................................................204 Figure [3-34] The percentage of each space ...............................................................................................207 Figure [4-1] Ajman city...............................................................................................................................214 Figure [4-2] Ajman city...............................................................................................................................216 Figure [4-3] Ajman city...............................................................................................................................218 Figure [4-4] Land use for Ajman development ..........................................................................................220 Figure [4-5] Ajman urban development strategy 2030 ...............................................................................221 Figure [4-6] Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital .................................................................................................222 Figure [4-7] Storstrom prison .....................................................................................................................223 Figure [4-8] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaall............................................................................223 Figure [4-9] Location of the zones..............................................................................................................224 Figure [4-10] Al Zorah ................................................................................................................................224 Figure [4-11] Al Tallah 2 .............................................................................................................................224 Figure [4-12] Al Hileo.................................................................................................................................224 Figure [4-13] Community services (hospitals) ...........................................................................................227 Figure [4-14] Al Hileo district ....................................................................................................................228 Figure [4-15] Site 1 .....................................................................................................................................230 Figure [4-16] Site 2 .....................................................................................................................................230 Figure [4-17] Site 3 .....................................................................................................................................230 Figure [4-18] Contextual analysis of selected site ......................................................................................232 Figure [4-19] Al Hileo district ....................................................................................................................236 Figure [5-1] Example of rehabilitation center ............................................................................................240 Figure [5-2] Approaches of concept ...........................................................................................................242 Figure [5-3] Site orientation........................................................................................................................243 Figure [5-4] History of Al Hileo district .....................................................................................................243 Figure [5-5] Functional analysis of selected site ........................................................................................244 Figure [5-6] Michelangelo's painting "The Creation of Adam"..................................................................245 Figure [5-7] Plot layout (doubled) ..............................................................................................................246 Figure [5-8] Divide the shape into different masses ...................................................................................246 Figure [5-9] Masses with spine ...................................................................................................................246 Figure [5-10] Classify each mass ................................................................................................................246 Figure [5-11] Circulation ............................................................................................................................246 Figure [5-12] Spine .....................................................................................................................................247 Figure [5-13] Administration ......................................................................................................................247 Figure [5-14] Outpatients ............................................................................................................................247 Figure [5-15] Inpatients ..............................................................................................................................247 Figure [5-16] Public area ............................................................................................................................247 Figure [5-17] Educational area ...................................................................................................................247 20

Figure [5-18] Combination of the two masses ............................................................................................248 Figure [5-19] The spine was added to connect the two masses ..................................................................248 Figure [5-20]Classify each mass .................................................................................................................248 Figure [5-21] Circulation ............................................................................................................................248 Figure [5-22] Spine .....................................................................................................................................249 Figure [5-23] Administration ......................................................................................................................249 Figure [5-24] Inpatients ..............................................................................................................................249 Figure [5-25] Outpatients ............................................................................................................................249 Figure [5-26] Public area and Educational area ..........................................................................................249 Figure [5-27] Height of scenario 1..............................................................................................................250 Figure [5-28] Height of scenario 2..............................................................................................................250 Figure [5-29] Michelangelo's painting "The Creation of Adam" ..............................................................................................................252 Figure [1] Body measurements ...................................................................................................................258 Figure [2] Disabled Measurements .............................................................................................................259 Figure [3]Standards .....................................................................................................................................260 Figure [4] Patient rooms layout ..................................................................................................................260 Figure [5] Psychiatric ward .........................................................................................................................261 Figure [6] Nurses work area........................................................................................................................261 Figure [7] Patient ward ...............................................................................................................................261 Figure [8] Patient room equipment .............................................................................................................262 Figure [9] Consulting room ........................................................................................................................262 Figure [10] Kitchenette space requirements ...............................................................................................262 Figure [11] Staffing per inpatients ..............................................................................................................262 Figure [12] Administration Area .................................................................................................................263 Figure [13] Open plan office sizes table ....................................................................................................263 Figure [14] Single-person office .................................................................................................................264 Figure [15] Space requirements for staff communication base ..................................................................264 Figure [16] Pantry .......................................................................................................................................264 Figure [17] Pharmacy for medium sized hospital .......................................................................................264 Figure [18] Clean supply room ...................................................................................................................264 Figure [19] Central Bed unit .......................................................................................................................264 Figure [20] Fitness room plan .....................................................................................................................265 Figure [21] Changing room layout..............................................................................................................265 Figure [22] Swimming pool ........................................................................................................................265 Figure [23] Seminar room ...........................................................................................................................265 Figure [24] Space requirements for seminar activities ...............................................................................265

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LIST OF TABLES

Table [2-1] Program of case study 1 .............................................................................................................84 Table [2-2] Functional analysis of case study 1 G.F .....................................................................................86 Table [2-3] Functional analysis of case study 1 F.F .....................................................................................88 Table [2-4] Functional analysis of case study 1 2nd.F ..................................................................................90 Table [2-5] Functional analysis of case study 1 3rd.F ..................................................................................92 Table [2-6] Functional analysis of case study 1 4th.F ..................................................................................94 Table [2-7] Program of case study 2 ...........................................................................................................122 Table [2-8] Functional analysis of case study 2 Sandard wing G.F ............................................................124 Table [2-9] Functional analysis of case study 2 Sandard wing F.F .............................................................126 Table [2-10] Functional analysis of case study 2 Workshop building G.F..................................................128 Table [2-11] Functional analysis of case study 2 Activity building G.F .....................................................130 Table [2-12] Functional analysis of case study 2 Special security wing G.F..............................................132 Table [2-13] Program of case study 3 .........................................................................................................164 Table [2-14] Functional analysis of case study 3 Clinical zone G.F...........................................................166 Table [2-15] Functional analysis of case study 3 Outpatient rehabilitation G.F.........................................168 Table [2-16] Program comparison ..............................................................................................................174 Table [2-17] Program comparison ..............................................................................................................175 Table [3-1] Program comparison between the case studies.........................................................................190 Table [3-2] Program summary ....................................................................................................................191 Table [3-3] Program analysis (entrance) .....................................................................................................193 Table [3-4] Program analysis (clinic)..........................................................................................................195 Table [3-5] Program analysis (clinic)..........................................................................................................196 Table [3-6] Program analysis (inpatient's accommodation)........................................................................197 Table [3-7] Program analysis (administration & staff area) ........................................................................199 Table [3-8] Program analysis (administration & staff area) ........................................................................200 Table [3-9] Program analysis (publuc area) ................................................................................................201 Table [3-11] Program analysis (education area) ................................................................................................203 Table [3-12] Program analysis (technical area and utilities).......................................................................205 Table [3-13] Program analysis (technical area and utilities).......................................................................206 Table [3-14] Program analysis (basement parking and total area)..............................................................207 Table [3-15] Recommendations ..................................................................................................................208 Table [3-16] Recommendations ..................................................................................................................209 Table [3-17] Recommendations ..................................................................................................................210 Table [4-1] Site reference zoning / Case studies .........................................................................................222 Table [4-2] Zone selection criteria ..............................................................................................................225 Table [4-3] Zone comparison criteria..........................................................................................................226 Table [4-4] Site selection criteria ................................................................................................................231 Table [4-5] Site comparison criteria............................................................................................................234 22

23

01

Presentation

1.1 General information & statistics 1.2 Definition 1.3 Statments of the problem 1.4 Evolution of the topic 1.5 Evolution of the program 1.6 Typologies

24

25

Introduction This chapter introduces the project, which focuses on addiction, as well as the reasons and causes that lead humans to become infected by this lethal statue, as well as the impact it has on human life, activities, and social life. This chapter also discusses the project's goals and motivations, as well as the benefits to the entire community and the dangers of ignoring existing conditions.

This chapter also explains how each country is working hard to bring these conditions to light, which primarily affect young people. Addiction is regarded as one of the world's most serious problems, with most countries attempting to combat it due to the significant harm it causes in many areas of human life, including "health, social, economic, security, and, most dangerously, the spread of fatal disease among people."

This problem is no longer limited to just one type of drug, one or two countries, or certain classes in society; rather, it involves far too many different types of drugs (heroin, nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, etc.) and classes, as well as the effects on the nervous system and brain damage.

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Figure [1-1] https://olumuyiwa.com.ng/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi

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1.1.1 Estimation of Drug use

1.1.2 Problem of Drug use

Drug users (Millions)

According to estimates, 246 million people, or 1 out of every 20 people aged (15 to 64), use illegal drugs, as shown in figure [1-3].

350 325 300 275 250 225 200 150 100 75 50 25 0

Number of illegal drug users

•

Number of problem drug users

• •

Estimated number of executions Top 25 countries 2007 - 14 total 2015

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Figure [1-3] Global trends in the estimated number of drug users, 2006-2013

In 2013, 1.65 million injecting drug users were infected with HIV. Figure [1-4] shows that between 2010 and 2013, the number of heroin overdose deaths per 100,000 people nearly tripled, rising from 1.0 to 2.7.[1-4]

16000 14000 12000 10000

Opioid painkillers Heroin

8000 6000 4000 2000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Drug - relaterd deaths

18000

0

Executions of drug smugglers are becoming more common, as illustrated in Figure [1-5].

According to statistics, one in every five people arrested by the police in the United Kingdom tests positive for alcohol.

According to statistics, 25% of prisoners in the United States tested positive for alcoholism and alcohol dependency.

Figure [1-4]: Heroin and opioid-related deaths Heroin Opioid analgesics https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db190.htm

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

China Iran Saudi Arabia Iraq United States Yemen Pakistan North Korea Sudan Somalia Vietnam Afghanistan Japan Libya Syria Bangladesh Egypt Taiwan Palestinian territories Equatorial Guinea Indonesia Belarus South Sudan Jordan The Gambia Figure [1-5] Execution number in countries because of drug use

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Figure [1-3]: https://www.aidsdatahub.org/sites/default/files/resource/wdr19-presentation-2019.pdf

Figure [1-5] https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2015/04/28/which-countries-have-the-death-penalty-for-drug-smuggling

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1.1.3 Statistics in UAE

Nationalities of drug-abusing students

The Commander-in-Chief of Abu Dhabi Police, Mohammed Al Rumaithi, confirmed that the police and security services work around the clock to prevent and combat crime in all its forms and manifestations in order to maintain society's security and safety of its members.

He went on to say drugs have a negative impact on children and families and contribute to high crime rates.

He stated that the global death toll from drug use reached 200,000 in 2014, while 230 million people used drugs globally, equivalent to 5% of the world's population who tried drugs once, with 27 million becoming addicted.

Colonel Taher Ghareeb Al Dhaheri, Director of the Anti-Narcotics Directorate at Abu Dhabi Police, confirmed that the UAE is one of the countries with the lowest number of drug users, as their number does not exceed 20,000 people. He explained that what films show about the suffering of drug addicts constitutes 10% of their real suffering.

The percentage of drug abuse in each emirate

He explained that the number of cases that the National Rehabilitation Center receives annually ranges from 700-800 cases, and the number of cases that the center has received since its establishment 11 years ago has reached 3545 cases.

As a result, the percentage of people who use drugs in the United Arab Emirates does not exceed 20,000 people; according to 2018 statistics, they constitute 0.2% of the total population in the UAE, which is equivalent to 0.0078% of total drug users worldwide.

The percentage of drug abusers by age

5%

97

151

101

3.3%

13.3%

15%

30%

20%

118 358 students were arrested for drug abuse.

Figure [1-8]: Nationalities of drug-abusing studenta in 2011

Figure [1-9]: Nationalities of drug-abusing studenta in 2012

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Local

150

2013 160

50%

51.7%

2012

274 students were arrested for drug abuse.

Non-Arabs

6.7%

89

2011

Arabs

3.3%

1.7%

67

379 students were arrested for drug abuse.

Figure [1-10]: Nationalities of drug-abusing studenta in 2013

Figure [1-6]: The percentage of drug abuse in each emirate

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Figure [1-7]: The percentage of drug abuse by age

Abu Dhabi

Ras Al Khaimah

Less than 20

30 - 39

Ajman

Fujairah

20 - 29

40 - 59

Dubai

Sharjah

Umm Al Quwain

Figure [1-6], [1-7]: https://www.albayan.ae/uae/accidents/2021-06-27-1.4195451

Figure [1-8], [1-9], [1-10] https://www.albayan.ae/uae/accidents/2021-06-27-1.4195451

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1.1.4 Reasons that lead to Addiction Throughout his or her life, everyone is exposed to a variety of difficult situations that cause stress, nervous tension, anxiety, and anger. Some people can overcome these situations, and maintain control over their minds and behaviors, while others give up, collapse, and become hopeless. Over time, hopelessness and frustration lead to chronic depression, which leads to crime, suicide, or drug use or addiction.

Some of the reasons that lead people to use drugs or depression are listed below: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Dissociation from one's family Religion's deficiency or weakness Unemployment and an abundance of free time Poverty and illiteracy Uncaring parents and a lack of guidance for their children 6. There is a lack of conservation among family members 7. Super-rich and wasteful 8. Friendship with a bad guy 9. Workplace tensions 10. Other mental illnesses.

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Figure [1-11] https://www.narconon-south-texas.org/blog/stereotypesis-calling-someone-addicted-to-drugs-or-alcohol-a-substance.html

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1.1.5 Reasons for using drugs in UAE among youth

1.2 Definition

According to a sociologist, unemployment and poverty are the primary causes of drug addiction. Figure [1-12] shows that 71 percent of the reasons that young people in the UAE use drugs are a symptom of depression; this demonstrates that depression and addiction are two related cases, and that depression leads to addiction, and that addiction treatment causes depression in the majority of cases.

Percentage Reported 0

10

20

30

Socializing with friends Makes me feel less depressed Makes me feel less anxious An important source of pleasure Helps to reduce boredom Helps to reduce pain Helps to reduce pain One of the only things that make me feel okay Improve my social standing

Rehabilitation Center

Makes me forget the reality Chiefly a habi, or helps me avoid withdrawal Giving me something to look forward to Assist me in losing weight

Figure [1-12] Reasons that young people in UAE use the drug

Figure [1-6]: Reference: CHS

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Rather than focusing solely on addiction, effective treatment addresses the patient's multiple needs. Furthermore, medically assisted drug or alcohol detoxification is ineffective as a treatment for addiction (NIDA, 2018 B). According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2018 B), detoxification should be followed by medication and behavioral therapy, followed by relapse prevention. Medical and mental health services, as well as follow-up options such as community or family-based recovery support systems, must be addressed ineffective treatment. Patient motivation is an important factor in treatment success, regardless of methodology.

Helps to forget my problems

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The process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for addiction to psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs is referred to as drug rehabilitation. The overarching goal is for the patient to be able to confront substance dependence if it exists, and stop abusing substances to avoid the psychological, legal, financial, social, and physical consequences of severe abuse. Treatment includes medication for depression or other disorders, expert counseling, and sharing of experiences with other addicts (Schaler, 1997).

A center, institution, or governmental organization that cares for human (psychological and physical)health and provides assistance and support for their habitation and the start of a new healthy life free of illegal drugs and suicide. Rehabilitation, also known as rehab, can assist a person in recovering from addictions, injuries, and even physical or mental illnesses. Drug rehab programs, on the other hand, are the most common type of rehab.

People who are addicted to drugs frequently require the extra care and assistance that drug rehab provides.

Drug Addiction A condition caused by the continuous use of narcotic substances in such a way that a person becomes physically and psychologically dependent on these drugs, resulting in abnormal behavior and loss of ability to perform daily tasks in the absence of the drug in the body, in the case of stopping using the drug, physical and psychological symptoms known as "withdrawal symptoms" appear in the person, eventually leading to death.

What is Drug Rehabilitation?

A drug rehab center is a facility dedicated to the treatment of addiction. There are numerous sorts of drug rehab programs, each with its setting, degree of care, and treatment methods.

According to this, there are 3 types of treatment: 1. Patients have the option to depart at any time One explanation for this is that drug rehabilitation can only be fully effective if the patient wants to remain there and modify his or her addictive behaviors.

2. Detoxification and Rehabilitation Patients may need to go through detox before attending a rehab facility. Detoxification is the procedure through which a patient's body is cleansed of the addictive substance.

3. Drug Rehab Treatment Centers Drug rehab treatment centers assist individuals in making good changes in their life by correcting maladaptive behaviors. Patients develop healthy coping skills, impulse control, emotional regulation abilities, and drug-refusal tactics that will aid them in the long run in avoiding relapse.

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1.3.1 Project's Aim •

Many national and international institutions and governmental organizations have issued warnings in recent years about an increase in social problems, particularly among young people, which are associated with crime, drug use, suicide, and family dissociation.

1. Raising public awareness of the drug's risks and dangers.

2. To help, support, and advise patients by establishing a rehabilitation program, in order to give them a chance at a new life.

3. To reduce the criminal activity that stems from drug abuse.

4. To prevent the spread of diseases among people as a result of drug use with contaminated tools.

5. To reduce social problems such as divorce and family disintegration.

6. To reduce the number of accidents and suicides.

Project benefits • Security and safety Tanked people tend to commit crimes without being aware of what they are doing, so they are out of control; eliminating these cases will have a clear impact on the crime rate.

• Health benefits Physical, psychological, and emotional health benefits For the individual, the people around them, and the community as a whole.

• Productivity and economic benefit Another frequently cited cost of drug abuse is the loss of productivity that can occur when drug users are under the influence of drugs or are experiencing the |consequences of their drug use (e.g., while in treatment, incarceration or hospital). According to studies, the costs of lost productivity borne by employers are in the tens of billions of dollars.

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Figure [1-13]https://batonrougebehavioral.com/signs-and-symptoms-of-drug-addiction-you-need-to-know/

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1.3.2 Project's Objectives 1. To set society free from the bondage of drugs and addiction.

2. It's to create a community free of social crimes, psychological and physical disorders, waste of money, and all insecurities caused by drug abuse.

3. It targets our youth, gives them a helping hand, and lets them rekindle their self-appreciation and self-motivation.

4. It aims to re-explore themselves and invest their power more efficiently.

5. The project explores the role of architectural technology in therapy and ultimately introduces a highly adaptive system that provides a therapeutic environment needed by the users and allows for interaction control between patients and the public.

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Figure [1-14] https://preventionconversation.org/2015/09/02/september-is-addiction-recovery-awareness-month/

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1.3.3 Reason of Selection Ajman, UAE Based on the statistics that were conducted, Ajman is the second most abused emirate after Abu Dhabi in the UAE, and because the National Rehabilitation Center does not accommodate a large number of patients, most people travel abroad to receive treatment for this reason, and instead of resorting to alternative solutions, the construction of another center to rehabilitate Rehabilitation from drug addiction in the UAE, especially in Ajman, will be the most appropriate solution to receive treatment within the country and to provide places that better cover the needs of this category of people.

The General Command of Ajman Police - General Directorate of Police Operations - Drug Control Department offers the (treatment instead of punishment) program, which is a primary care and treatment program for drug addicts in complete secrecy. Article (43) of the Anti-Narcotics Law states that (a criminal case shall not be instituted against anyone who uses narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances on his own initiative to the treatment unit or the Public Prosecution, seeking treatment.

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Figure [1-15] https://www.ibm.com/case-studies/digital-ajman/

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1.4 Evolution of the topic Drug discovery & spread period Since the 19th century, when Americans first discovered new wonder drugs such as morphine, heroin, and cocaine, our society has struggled with the issue of drug abuse and addiction. When Chinese immigrants arrived in California in the 1850s to work in gold mines and then on railroads, they brought opium smoking with them. Addiction to drugs such as marijuana, amphetamines, and psychedelics emerged in the 1960s. Cocaine reappeared in the 1970s, as the drug culture exploded. Then, a decade later, crack appeared, causing epidemic levels of addiction and violence.

Treatment period The Charles B. Towns Hospital exemplifies how some forward-thinking people viewed addiction in the early 1900s.

Figure [1-16] Town hospital and biological treatments

25 20 15 10

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Italy

Spain

France

Japan

Belgium

US

Australia

UK

Germany

0

Canada

5

Figure [1-17] Generics as a percent of the total market (1999)

Figure [1-18] http://daytoninmanhattan.blogspot.com/2019/06/charles-b-towns-hospital-292-293.html

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Timeline Methods Used for Treating Drug Addiction

1879 The Keeley Cure involves injecting gold, strychnine, and alcohol solutions into people who are addicted to alcohol, narcotics, or nicotine.

1900s Bromide-sleep therapy: patients were placed in a bromide-induced coma and then awakened "cured" of their addiction.

1935

1950-1960

Aversion therapy for alcoholism introduced unpleasant stimuli whenever alcohol was presented, possibly by inducing nausea and associating it with alcohol intoxication.

LSD is a psychoactive substance that is used to treat alcoholics.

Mid-1950s 1948-1952 Frontal lobotomies are surgical procedures that remove the frontal lobe of the brain.

Electroshock: Individuals were repeatedly shocked with wires attached to their heads and bodies during electroshock therapy.

Todays Individuals battling addiction were subjected to electroshock therapy (ECT), in which they were repeatedly shocked with wires attached to their heads and bodies.

Figure [1-19]

44

Figure [1-16] Timeline of Methods Used for Treating Drug Addiction

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Riverside Hospital 1952

1.5 Evolution of the program Due the different types of drugs and the different rates of abuse from one person to another, Drug addicts were treated in the 1800s on the notion that they were unable to produce or engage with society, and they were primarily treated for physical illnesses caused by addiction. In the early twentieth century, dealing with the drug itself was completely prohibited from circulation, so the addict found himself forced to quit, as happened in ancient Greece when opium abuse spread, the sages of Greece banned him from circulation, and in some eras, we find spiritual and religious treatment, as happened when alcohol was forbidden, the Companions quit it in compliance with the law. In the early twentieth century, dealing with the drug itself was completely prohibited from circulation, so the addict found himself forced to quit, as happened in ancient Greece when opium abuse spread, the sages of Greece banned him from circulation, and in some eras, we find spiritual and religious treatment, as happened when alcohol was forbidden, so the Companions quit it in compliance with the law.

Then, in later eras, drug addiction began to take on a different appearance, and the addict was treated both physically and psychologically. Theories and the first steps in treating addiction emerged, followed by psychiatrists who studied the disorders and psychological diseases caused by drug abuse. And others, and as time passed until we arrived at the modern era, scientific and psychological theories, as well as therapeutic facilities, sprouted up throughout the countries afflicted by this incurable disease. As modern science has concluded that the addict cannot quit his addiction alone, he requires medical and psychological help in a controlled parallel until treatment and recovery are completed, the concept of therapeutic places and addiction clinics has spread.

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Figure [1-20] Ancient Greece when opium abuse spread

Figure [1-17]https://zen.yandex.ru/media/battlez/kak-opium-stal-prichinoi-krovoprolitnoi-voiny-v-kitae-60ed69352cf7e0707338d6de

The citizens of New York City were alarmed in the early 1950s by an increase in adolescent heroin addiction. Adolescents were admitted to Bellevue Hospital and Kings County Hospital addiction units, but there was universal agreement on the need for a resource designed specifically to treat the problem of narcotic addiction among the very young. Riverside Hospital opened on July 1, 1952, as a result of this recognition.

The 141-bed Riverside Hospital was divided into four wards: three for adolescent males and one for adolescent females. There were also separate recreation and educational buildings, a chapel, and housing for the facility's staff. Tennis and handball courts, basketball courts, and a baseball diamond were all available on the grounds.

The facility employed 300 people, who worked in multidisciplinary teams to integrate the technical knowledge of all team members into the treatment planning process (Gamso & Mason, 1958).

The program was originally designed with the assumption that clients would be willing and motivated to quit using drugs, but adolescent addicts admitted to Riverside Hospital were almost always admitted under duress.

The majority of the adolescents treated at the hospital came from a small number of census tracts in New York City that were among the poorest and most densely populated (Wakefield, 1992).

Riverside should have been successful. It received a lot of community support. To treat addiction, it used a cutting-edge theoretical framework. Patients were medically detoxified before being given the option to stay for a six-month individualized rehabilitation program that included psychological therapy, educational classes, and structured leisure. A multidisciplinary team of physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, welfare caseworkers, teachers, clergy, and lay volunteers worked on the program.

Every effort was made to work with the families of the adolescents in treatment, as well as to follow the adolescents after treatment through a community clinic in Manhattan. Riverside's program appeared to be the ideal treatment model.

Figure [1-21] Riverside Hospital 1952

It should have worked, but according to local leaders, it didn't. Riverside Hospital was closed in 1961 after a follow-up study of 247 former patients revealed that 97 percent of those treated had continued to use drugs or alcohol after treatment (Maddux, 1978) (This section is an excerpt from White (1998), pp. 235-236).

1958

The facility employed 300 people who worked in multidisciplinary teams to integrate the technical knowledge of all team members into the treatment planning process.

1960

The majority of the adolescents treated at the hospital came from a small number of census tracts in New York City that were among the poorest and most densely populated.

Figure [1-18] https://opacity.us/site100_riverside_hospital_north_brother_island.htm

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Timeline Evolution of program

1900s The Charles B. Towns Hospital exemplifies how some forward-thinking people viewed addiction in the early 1900s.

1952 Riverside Hospital first opened its doors on July 1, 1952. The 141-bed Riverside Hospital was divided into four wards: three for teenage boys and one for adolescent females.

1958

1992

As a result, the hospital has grown even more. There were also educational buildings, a chapel, and housing for the facility's employees.

Tennis and handball courts, basketball diamond were all on the grounds.

The United Nations Regional Office on Drugs and Crime has officially recognized that drug use is a disease caused by psychological factors that lead the victim to abuse, and that psychological treatment is required in addition to physical treatment.

1961 1960 The program was originally designed with he assumption that clients would be willing and motivated to quit using drugs, but adolescent addicts admitted Riverside Hospital were almost always admitted under duress.

Riverside Hospital was closed in 1961 after a follow-up study of 247 former patients revealed that 97% of those treated had continued to use drugs or alcohol after treatment.

Figure [1-21]

48

Figure [1-21] Timeline of evolution of the program

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Todays With the advancement of science technology, new types of drugs have been discovered, and thus their circulation among people has become easier and faster, However, we cannot deny that the rates of recovery from addiction increasing every year as a result of increased awareness and treatment methodology, as well as the provision of more services that aid the patient's psychological and physical recovery. Programs currently used in drug addiction rehabilitation centers include: Critical cases that have the potential to harm themselves or others are isolated until they are able to regain consciousness and interact normally with others, at which point the toxins in their bodies are eliminated and they are combined with normal patients and full support is provided.

There are cases that are treated collectively through gatherings in the centers, and they are treated psychologically by listening to each other's experiences and how they managed to control themselves until the time they received medical treatment.

So we can understand about the facilities used in the center from the info supplied above, which are as follows: 1. Places of seclusion.

2. Patients' quarters (which are allowed to visit).

3. In the center, there are doctor's and staff rooms.

4. Entertainment facilities (gymnasiums, swimming pools, assembly halls, prayer halls).

5. Reception and visiting areas.

6. Psychiatric clinics.

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Figure [1-22] https://elements.envato.com/es/drug-addict-hands-on-dark-table-PSPXVZB

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1.6.2 Organization of the form & space

1.6 Typologies Addiction rehabilitation center classified under different heads; each denotes an organizational principle that contributes to place identity. Segmented in accordance with the following criteria: 1. Organization of the form & space 2. Size & location 3. Program (environment consideration)

•

Storstorm Prison (clustered)

Figure [1-23] Storstorm Prison, Denmark

1.6.1 Organization of the form & space •

Clusterd: This style of the center structure relies on physical proximity to connect its spaces. It is frequently composed of repeating, cellular regions with comparable functions and a common aesthetic feature such as shape or orientation

•

Centralized: This organization is a steady, concentrated composition made up of a number of minor areas gathered around a huge, dominant, center space. The design offers a fluid transition between private and communal bubbles, as well as from private to public settings.

•

The center's location and size are determined by the city's requirement for the center. Storstrm Prison is situated on the Danish island of Falster, surrounded by a number of dispersed, low-density communities.

The location was chosen for security reasons, as it only has one entry to Sydmotorvejen Street. Furthermore, the nearest village is 1 kilometer distant. The surrounding villages have a low population density and classic Scandinavian architectural features such roofs. This is reflected in the prison idea, which has various pavilions and halls, each of which functions as its own small community.

Figure [1-26] Storstorm Prison, Denmark

• Vejle Psychiatric Hospital (centralized) Figure [1-24] Vejle Psychiatric Hospital, Denmark

Courtyard: This style is an interconnected structure that generates an empty area in the centre, giving the use the sense that it is a private space for the building's users.

As opposed to Sister Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center is set in a low-rise residential neighborhood on a bigger campus of care. Its design combines in terms of colors, materials, and massing with the surrounding architecture, which is largely made up of two-story single-family residences. The center is easily accessible to the community and is close to public spaces and green spaces such as The International Friendship Gardens. Furthermore, the hospital is located in the middle of the city, which serves to de-stigmatize the center and its users while also welcoming the community by being conveniently accessible, helping the patients' reintegration process with the of the community.

Figure [1-27] Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center, Canada

Copenhagen Center (courtyard) 52

Figure [1-25] Copenhagen Center, Denmark

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1.6.3 Program (environmental consideration) •

The surrounding environment of the patient is one of the most important factors in the treatment journey, so these factors were taken into consideration while designing the Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal in Netherlands and Sister Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center in Canada.

•

Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal

The compact design of the building, as well as the design of the mechanical and electrical installations, limit the usage of energy. Most notably, thermal storage (heat and cold storage) helps to reduce energy usage. The use of sustainable construction materials and low-maintenance materials for floor finishes, ceilings, and facade cladding results in a building that is easy to maintain and has a long lifespan.

The use of dramatic yet delicate hues is one of Groot Klimmendaal's most noticeable features. The center uses color theory to apply a varied assortment of colors and tints in its interiors, creating a visually stimulating yet welcoming setting.

Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal lurks among the trees in the Netherlands' forests, like a shy deer. It mixes perfectly with the scenery and architecture of the surrounding area and is accessible via a street with cycling and pedestrian lanes. The roadway serves as a feeder for a number of institutions, the majority of which are devoted to children and individuals with disabilities.

The center looks to have the darkest shade of brown in the neighborhood and follows the massing and heights of neighboring buildings. It could be explained by the building's desire to blend in.

Figure [1-28] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal, Netherland

Figure [1-29] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal, Netherland

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Figure [1-30] Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal, Netherland

55

•

Sister Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center

Sister Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Centre adopted ecological design concepts from the start, particularly in relation to the purpose of providing holistic care.

Early on, it was recognized that a healthy building environment an important component of the healing process and that environmental stewardship corresponds to compassionate care for everybody.

A completely integrated team approach based on the LEED criteria. The project incorporates five key sustainable design strategies: ample glazing to provide daylight and access to views, a building footprint that respects reduction through intelligent landscaping and the selection of low-flow fixtures, energy reduction through the use of a high-performance envelope, and advanced building technology, and communication of a sustainable vision.

The project's comprehensive, long-term aims are most visible in the Hall of Recovery, the main hall of the building that organizes the three primary components of the program in a dignified, serene, welcome, atmosphere. of Hope are three big round ceiling windows that provide streams of natural light: one for the intellect (therapy rooms), one for the body (gymnasium), and one for the soul (spiritual space).

To eliminate the requirement for irrigation and seasonal replanting, low-maintenance native seed mixes and sodding were chosen. The site, which had a pre-development imperviousness of less than 50%, was designed to remove 80 percent of yearly post-development total suspended particles and 40 percent of annual post-development total phosphorous from stormwater using a sequence of bioswales and storm retention ponds.

Figure [1-32] Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center, Canada

Figure [1-33] Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center, Canada

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Figure [1-31] Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Center, Canada

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02

Case Studies

2.1 Groot Klimmendaal Rehabilitation Center 2.2 Storstorm Prison 2.3 Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital 2.4 Program Comparison

58

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Introduction Based on the statistics and reasons explained in the first chapter, studies show that rehabilitation centers on an international and local scale are very important. Rehabilitation centers are more than just a place to stay until you recover; they are also a place where all physical and vital activities are practiced, but with the presence of a medical staff responsible for the patient, assisting him to overcome this difficult period of his life in order to be a human being capable of benefiting himself and productivity until he can benefit himself and the community.

Based on the reasons stated, in this chapter I'm going to conduct a feasibility study on three examples of drug rehabilitation centers around the world, both international and local. The cases selection criteria are the size, typology, location, and composition, which will aid in the creation of a good program in the spaces, the function Visual Impact Flexibility, and the Sustainability environment. The main goal of these case studies is to determine the basic program and the need for such a program's location.

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Figure [2-1] https://www.arch2o.com/drug-addiction-treatment-center-endrid-llubani/

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2.1 GrootRehabilitation Klimmendaal Center Project Details: Location: Arnhem, Netherlands Architects: Koen van Velsen Total Area: 14,000 m2 Constructed: January 2011 Photographs: Rob ‘t Hart

Project Description From a tiny footprint, Koen van Velsen’s Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal progressively fans out towards the summit and cantilevers out over the surrounding countryside. Despite its scale, the roughly 14,000 sqm building’s brown-golden anodized aluminum facade blends well with its natural surroundings.

This project was a nominee for the Mies van der Rohe Award in 2011.

The Dutch Association of Architects named the Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal Building of the Year 2010.

It also received the first Hedy d’Ancona Award 2010 for excellent healthcare architecture, the Arnhem Heuvelink Award 2010, and the Dutch Design Award 2010 public award and category commercial interior.

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Figure [2.2] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

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Awards This project was a nominee for the Mies van der Rohe Award in 2011.

The Dutch Association of Architects named the Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal Building of the Year 2010. It also received the first Hedy d’Ancona Award 2010 for excellent healthcare architecture, the Arnhem Heuvelink Award 2010, and the Dutch Design Award 2010 public award and category commercial interior.

64

Figure [2-3] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

65

Description Description of the Design Brief The creation of a reintegration and rehabilitation center for drug and alcohol addicts raises the issue of social stigma and aversion to such facilities. The design aims to change the stereotype of rehab centers by creating a welcoming and comforting environment for its users.

Through its design, the Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal for physical limitations tackles this issue.

First, the building’s architecture disowns the typical healthcare center design. The building is clad in brown anodized aluminum panels, which, despite its size, allows it to blend into its surroundings. Second, the center’s design emphasizes nature’s healing abilities. The curtain walls and generous glass use in its façade invite the forest inside the building, giving its user a constant view of nature. It is located inside the forest of Arnhem in the Netherlands. Third, at the entry level, the building houses a fitness center, a gym, and a theater. The community is permitted to use the facilities, thereby assisting the patients in their reintegration process. Finally, the building’s interiors emphasize reducing the patient’s anxiety and distress through the use of a variety of but subtle colors.

66

Figure [2-4] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

67

N

2.1.1.1 Environmental Analysis

Netherlands map Groot Klimmendaal Rehabilitation Center Sun Path Cold winds Hot winds Noise

0 68

Figure [2-5] Google Earth/ rehabilitation centre near Groot Klimmendaal, Netherlands

10

20

30

meter 69

2.1.1.2 Contextual Analysis

b

(surroundings)

Stichting Siza (bicycle store)

Espcial Education School

Siza KKC (reintegration center for disabled)

Children and Family Counseling Center Groot Klimmendaal Rehabilitation Center 70

Figure [2-6] Google Earth/ rehabilitation centre near Groot Klimmendaal, Netherlands

Primary Education School71

2.1.1.3 Circulation and Accessibility Analysis N

Groot Klimmendaal Rehabilitation Center Secondary road Local road Pedestrian path Vehicular entrance Building entrance Bus stop 0

72

Figure [2-7] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

10

20

30

meter

73

2.1.1.4 Site Plan

N

Building Parking

0

10

20

30

meter

The surrounding nature is visible and tangible throughout the building, allowing the user to revalidate while walking.

74

Figure [2-8] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

75

Figure [2-10]

2.1.2 Scale and Spatial/ Form Relationships The center’s plan is rectangular, with a footprint that starts small at 110mx30m and grows to 160x30m at higher levels. The high length to width ratio increases surface area, exposing the building’s interiors to the forest and providing natural light to the majority of the rooms inside. Furthermore, the building has double and triple heights, as well as atriums on various levels, which increase the amount of natural light entering the building and visually connect different levels.

The center’s structure is irregular and diverse. The majority of the columns are reinforced concrete, with an alternate arrangement of exterior and interior columns.

The columns in the southern façade, on the other hand, are inclined steel columns that add aesthetics to the double-height area.

76

Figure [2-9], [2-10] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

77

N

Figure [2-11]

2.1.3 Environmental Considerations The compact design of the building, as well as the design of the mechanical and electrical installations, reduce the use of energy. Most notably, thermal storage (heat and cold storage) contributes to energy consumption reduction. The selection of sustainable building materials and low-maintenance materials for floor finishes, ceilings, and facade cladding, resulting in a building that is easy to maintain and has a long lifespan.

The use of striking yet subtle colors is one of Groot Klimmendaal’s most notable features. Using color theory, the center incorporates a wide range of colors and shades into its interiors, creating a visually stimulating yet soothing environment.

Exterior color palette 0

Interior color palette 78

10

20

30

meter

Program in need of daily positioned along with the facade and light wells.

Figure [2-12]

Figure [2-11], [2-12], [2-13] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

Figure [2-13]

79

N

Concept Plan analysis

2.1.4 Concept The care concept is based on the idea that a positive and stimulating environment improves patients’ well-being and has a positive impact on their revalidation process.

The design goal was not to create a center with the appearance of a health building, but rather to create a building that is a part of its surroundings and community.

Greenery

Figure [2-14]

Lightwells /voids from roof to the ground floor

Visual rotation from roofgarden into th vally

Figure [2-15]

Figure [2-16]

Lightwells contains plants and trees

Program in need of daylight positioned along the facade and lightwells

Figure [2-16]

Inner - Outer relationship

Figure [2-17]

Main View through curtain wall

Natural Lighting Passing through the glass

Figure [2-18]

0

80

Figure [2-14], [2-15], [2-16], [2-17] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

Figure [2-18] https://vebuka.com/print/131230230728-1a054637e7819da4742146b89ca822f1/ Rehabilitation_Centre_for_Street_Children_I_Research

10

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81

2.1.5 Materials

2.1.6 Functional organization

The use of sustainable building materials and low-maintenance materials for floor finishes, ceilings, and facade cladding results in a building that is easy to maintain and has a long lifespan.

These bubble diagrams showing the relationships between the spaces as well as the connections between each space and other spaces, indicating which has a strong direct connection and which has a weak connection.

Strong connection Weak connection

Clinic Recreation and leisure Figure [2-19]

Inpatients accomodation Administration, staff, and

Rectangular window along the perimeters of the building

Figure [2-20]

Full-height glazing along the central space connecting the building's various internal elements ensures nearly seamless continuity between interior and exterior.

technical rooms

RM house

Administration Restaurant

Staff room Fitness center

Clinic

Sold (wood)

Inpatient accommodation

Swimming pool Gym

Void (glass)

Technical room

Figure [2-21]

82

Figure [2-19], [2-20], [2-21] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

Living room

Theater

Patio

Figure [2-22] Figure [2-22], Author

83

2.1.7 Program

Table [2-1]

Entity

Gymnasium and Fitness center

Technical recommendation

• • • • • •

•

•

Indoor Swimming Pool

• • • •

Theater

84

Table [2-1], Author, Neufert

• • • • • • • •

Dimensions Neufert standard: (10x10x4 to 14x 14x4) Double height Usable playing area 100-196 / Space requirement per person 0.7 1 m ² Natural lighting and ventilation Acoustical requirements.

Climatic consideration: the design and orientation of fitness centers must take advantage of local climatic conditions, use passive solar whenever possible.

Techniques for reducing energy consumption in construction Circulation: plan accessible pedestrian, vehicular, bicycle, service, handicap, and fire emergency access that is well-organized and easily identifiable. Make pedestrian pathways leading to the fitness facility visible, and think about connecting the pathways to other fitness trails, as well as sports fields.

Pool deck: A continuous walkway should extend completely around the pool, with a minimum walkway width of 1.2 m beyond the pool's edge.

Pools should have enough space around them to allow patrons, including those with disabilities, to pass safely while also allowing staff and emergency personnel access to all areas of the pool. There should be enough space for an ambulance gurney to pass through.

Flooring in the pool area, including floors in dressing rooms, shower stalls, toilet areas, decks, stairs, and other walking areas, as well as flooring cove joints, should be made of a durable, moisture-resistant material that is designed to minimize bacterial growth.

Doors and windows in the pool area should have frames, glazing, and materials that minimize uncontrolled condensation, can withstand humid and corrosive environments, and do not encourage bacterial growth.

The main swimming pool access area is 3 m / Pool area min-width 15 m with length 25 m, water depth 0.4 1.8 m / non-swimming pool area width 8 to 10 m.

Seating area steps should be 0.65 m, with seating sizes of 0.35 m / Ceiling height should be at least 6 m.

Ducting for pool lighting Insulation Waterproofing Natural lighting is required at twice the height.

Seating capacity 224 Seating area 1660 sqm Area per seat 7.4 sqm Seat spacing and row dimensions range from 0.5 to 0.6 m.

Slope 7.1° / riser 0.3 m Acoustics are required.

There is no need for natural lighting.

The standard height is 7.2 m.

Entity

Technical recommendation •

Administration •

•

Clinic • • • •

Inpatient accommodation

• •

Administration offices are divided into those that deal directly with patients and those that do not. Near the main entrance, offices for patient admission and dealings with friends and relatives should be provided.

Internal hospital business is handled by the administrative director's office with secretarial support, the accounts department, and the personnel department. Meeting and conference rooms are also required. Social workers and psychologists work in administration in larger hospitals.

Accounting rationalization and the use of IT must be considered in the design, which may include raised floors and a central accounts office with pneumatic postal delivery connections.

A single specialist's practice must have a minimum amount of space (approx. 150 sqm) and functions separated into rooms that are differentiated and extended based on specialty. There is a clear distinction between the patient and staff areas. A waiting area with a cloakroom and WC is located near the entrance, and the doctor's area with a consultation room is located near the waiting area. The treatment room and laboratory are right next to each other. A separate diagnostic zone and an extension of the consultation and examination area for repeated treatments are both reasonable.

The number and size of the rooms are determined by the doctor's specific specialist qualifications.

The program is completed by patient WCs, staff changing rooms with WCs, and a staff lounge. Separate children's play areas in the waiting area can be a good idea.

Neufert standard dimensions for a doctor's room are (4x2.5), implying a 10 sqm area.

The ward entrance lobby must be visible from the glazed nurses' station, and pharmaceutical stores and washrooms must be easy to reach. Patient supply logistics necessitate centrally located supply and waste disposal rooms for medication, laundry, waste, and catering.

Each patient room should have its wet cell with a WC, washbasin, and occasionally a shower, though these can also be divided into shower rooms.

The wet cells should be accessible to people with disabilities. The heights of the vanity unit and WC are critical (the vanity unit must be at least 86 cm for wheelchairs to fit underneath). The WC for wheelchair users should be approximately 49 cm high, i.e. the top level of the toilet seat.

Each ward should also have staff, visitors, and wheelchair-accessible restrooms.

85

N

2.1.8 Functional Analysis and Circulation

Plan key 1

Inpatients accomodation Horizontal circulation

Ground Floor

Vertical circulation

The ground floor plan includes a large entrance that welcomes patients and visitors, as well as large columns that support the second floor. When we enter the building, we will see a double-height lobby with an area of around 50 sqm, from which lanes branch off.

Ronald Mcdonald house Administration, staff, and technical rooms

2

Recreation and leisure Clinic

The table below depicts the ground floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Double hight

Figure [2-22]

3

1Entrance 2Gymnasium 3Swimming pool 4Theater 5Fitness center 6Patio 7Courtyard 8Living room 9Ronald Mcdonald house

Table [2-2]

Recreation and leisure

Recurrence Total area Percentage

7

1065 Sqm

30.2%

Administration

8

152.19 Sqm

20%

Vertical circulation

14

152.19 Sqm

10%

Space

Area

Percentage Neufert area (min)

Gym

290.54 Sqm

8%

30 Sqm

Swimming pool

265.95 Sqm

7.5%

200 Sqm

Theater

247.24 Sqm

7%

125 Sqm

Patio

124.90 Sqm

3%

3.34 Sqm

Staff room

326.19 Sqm

12%

7.41 Sqm

Technical room

232.91 Sqm

8%

2.78 Sqm

Staircase

70.31 Sqm

6%

4 Sqm

Elevator

81.88 Sqm

4%

2.656 Sqm

Floor area for G.F

4

Entity

2403.12 Sqm

Total built up area for building 12000 Sqm

86

Table [2-2], Author

Figure [2-23] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

Figure [2-23], Author

0

10

20

30

meter

Figure [2-23]

87

N

Plan key

First Floor The first floor consists of recreation and leisure facilities, including a large fitness center. The capacity of this floor is less than that of the ground floor due to the voids that facilitate natural ventilation and allow the indoor air quality to be controlled; and it gives the feeling of the building’s heart, especially since it is located in the heart of the forest. The cladding facade, as well as the green view of nature, give the patients a sense of freshness and relaxation, which is an important factor in the healing journey.

The table below depicts the first floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Inpatients accomodation Horizontal circulation Vertical circulation Ronald Mcdonald house Administration, staff, and technical rooms Recreation and leisure Clinic Double hight

Figure [2-24]

5

1Entrance 2Gymnasium 3Swimming pool 4Theater 5Fitness center 6Patio 7Courtyard 8Living room 9Ronald Mcdonald house

Table [2-3]

Entity

Recurrence Total area Percentage

Space

Area

Fitness center 400.31 Sqm Recreation and leisure

Vertical circulation

11

14

1166.33 Sqm

152.19 Sqm

35%

10%

Percentage Neufert area (min) 10%

30 Sqm

Gym

500 Sqm

13%

30 Sqm

Restaurant

100 Sqm

5%

11.4 Sqm

Living room

100.02 Sqm

4.8%

36 Sqm

Patio

66 Sqm

2.2%

3.34 Sqm

Staircase

70.31 Sqm

6%

4 Sqm

Elevator

81.88 Sqm

4%

2.656 Sqm

Floor area for F.F

2390.81 Sqm

Total built up area for building 12000 Sqm

88

Table [2-3], Author Figure [2-24] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

Figure [2-25], Author

0

10

20

30

meter

Figure [2-25]

89

N

Plan key

Second Floor The second floor is dedicated to the treatment, with 51 clinic rooms, two large gymnasium halls, and two patios surrounded by staff and technical rooms.

Inpatients accomodation Horizontal circulation

Groot Klimmendaal is a synthesis of complexity and simplicity, with an emphasis on physical, practical, and social details. The stimulation environment includes elements such as transparency, continuity, layering, diversity, the play of light and shadow, and the experience of nature.

Vertical circulation Ronald Mcdonald house Administration, staff, and technical rooms Recreation and leisure Clinic

The table below depicts the first floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Double hight

Figure [2-26]

Table [2-4]

5

428.24 Sqm

15%

Administration

6

450.84 Sqm

25%

Clinic

51

1238.30 Sqm

50%

Vertical circulation

14

152.19 Sqm

10%

Area

Gym

201.10 Sqm

7.3%

30 Sqm

Patio

224.16 Sqm

7.7%

3.34 Sqm

Staff room

250.84 Sqm

15%

7.41 Sqm

Technical room

200 Sqm

10%

2.78 Sqm

Doctor's room

1238.30 Sqm

50%

10 Sqm

Staircase

70.31 Sqm

6%

4 Sqm

Elevator

81.88 Sqm

4%

2.656 Sqm

2

Percentage Neufert area (min)

6

Recreation and leisure

Space

2

Recurrence Total area Percentage

6

Entity

6

1Entrance 2Gymnasium 3Swimming pool 4Theater 5Fitness center 6Patio 7Courtyard 8Living room 9Ronald Mcdonald house

Floor area for S.F

2533.25 Sqm

Total built up area for building 12000 Sqm 90

Table [2-4], Author

Figure [2-26] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

Figure [2-27], Author

0

10

20

30

meter

Figure [2-27]

91

8

8

N

Plan key

Third Floor This floor has patient rooms, technical rooms, and staff rooms to serve patients, as well as four resting areas with views of the valley distributed on the floor’s edges to provide a sense of calm and relaxation. Because there are no active facilities on this floor, it is considered the quietest, and the goal is to maintain the comfort of the berth and provide an appropriate environment for a stressfree residence.

The table below depicts the first floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Inpatients accomodation Horizontal circulation Vertical circulation Ronald Mcdonald house Administration, staff, and technical rooms Recreation and leisure Clinic

Figure [2-28]

7

1Entrance 2Gymnasium 3Swimming pool 4Theater 5Fitness center 6Patio 7Courtyard 8Living room 9Ronald Mcdonald house

7

Double hight

Table [2-5]

Entity

Recurrence Total area Percentage

448.51 Sqm

15%

Administration

11

450.84 Sqm

30%

Inpatients accommodation

60

1062.58 Sqm

45%

Vertical circulation

14

152.19 Sqm

10%

Percentage Neufert area (min)

Living room

448.51 Sqm

15%

36 sqm

Staff room

250.84 Sqm

17%

7.41 Sqm

Technical room

200 Sqm

13%

2.78 Sqm

Inpatients room

1062.58 Sqm

45%

18 Sqm

Staircase

70.31 Sqm

6%

4 Sqm

Elevator

81.88 Sqm

4%

2.656 Sqm

Floor area for 3rd.F

2925.40 Sqm

Total built up area for building 12000 Sqm 92

8

4

Area

8

Recreation and leisure

Space

Table [2-5], Author Figure [2-28] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

Figure [2-29], Author

0

10

20

30

meter

Figure [2-29]

93

N

Plan key

Fourth Floor The fourth floor is also dedicated to inpatient accommodation, with patient rooms and Ronald McDonald’s house, as well as staff and technical rooms to serve the inpatient accommodation facility, with a large green terrace overlooking the valley.

Inpatients accomodation Horizontal circulation

Ronald McDonald’s house serves as a place to stay for families with hospitalized children who have received treatment, and it is only open to families who live within a certain distance from the treating hospital, as determined by the board (RMHC program facts).

Vertical circulation

The table below depicts the first floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Double hight

Ronald Mcdonald house Administration, staff, and technical rooms Recreation and leisure Clinic

1Entrance 2Gymnasium 3Swimming pool 4Theater 5Fitness center 6Patio 7Courtyard 8Living room 9Ronald Mcdonald house

Figure [2-30]

Table [2-6]

Recurrence Total area Percentage

Space

Area

Percentage Neufert area (min)

Staff room

348 Sqm

8%

7.41 Sqm

Technical room

200 Sqm

7%

2.78 Sqm

Administration

17

548 Sqm

15%

Inpatients accommodation

11

1097.61 Sqm

20%

Inpatients room

1097.61 Sqm

20%

18 Sqm

Ronald Mcdonald house

1

393.57 Sqm

10%

-

-

-

-

Terrace

1

1635.41 Sqm

45%

-

-

-

3.34 sqm

Vertical circulation

14

152.19 Sqm

10%

Staircase

70.31 Sqm

6%

4 Sqm

Elevator

81.88 Sqm

4%

2.656 Sqm

Floor area for 4th.F

9

Entity

2925.40 Sqm

Total built up area for building 12000 Sqm 94

Table [2-6], Author Figure [2-30] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

Figure [2-31], Author

0

10

20

30

meter

Figure [2-31]

95

Ground Floor

First Floor

Second Floor Recreation and leisure

2.1.9 Especial analysis, organization

Administration

Recreation and leisure Recreation and leisure

Gymnasium

Bubble Diagram

Figure [2-32]

Gymnasium

Recreation and leisure Recreation and leisure

Recreation and leisure

Recreation and leisure

Longitudinal section Recreation and leisure

Figure [2-33]

Theater Swimming Pool

Clinic

3 7

Clinic

Recreation and leisure

Theater

Recreation and leisure

Recreation and leisure

Recreation and leisure

Administration

Recreation and leisure

Recreation and leisure

East elevation

Recreation and leisure

Administration

Recreation and leisure

3

Fitness Center Administration

Swimming Pool

Inpatient

Recreation and leisure

Tech.R

Recreation and leisure

Tech.R

Administration

Tech.R

Staff Rooms

Strong connection Weak connection Vertical circulation RMD House Inpatient accomodation Treatment Special Functions Managment Managment

Administration

Administration

Recreation and leisure

Administration

These bubble diagrams showing the relationships between the spaces as well as the connections between each space and other spaces, indicating which has a strong direct connection and which has a weak connection.

Administration

Clinic

Administration

Clinic

Gymnasium

Fitness Center 96

Figure [2-32], [2-33] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

97

Third Floor

Fourth Floor

Living room

Administration

Administration

Administration

Administration, staff & tech. room

Administration

Administration, staff & tech. room

Administration, staff & tech. room

Administration, staff & tech. room

Inpatients accomodation

Inpatients accomodation Living room

Living room

Administration, staff & tech. room

Administration, staff & tech. room Administration, staff & tech. room

Ronald Mcdonald house

Administration, staff & tech. room

Administration, staff & tech. room

Administ ration, staff & tech. room

Ronald Mcdonald house

Administration, staff & tech. room

Living room

Administration, staff & tech. room

Administration

Administration

Administration

Administration, staff & tech. room

Inpatients accomodation

Administration

Administration, staff & tech. room

Administration

Inpatients accomodation

Administration, staff & tech. room

Inpatients accomodation

Strong connection Weak connection Vertical circulation 98

Figure [2-34] https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen

99

2.2 Storstrøm Prison Project Details: Location: Gundslev, Denmark Architects: CF Möller Total Area: 32,000 m2 Constructed: 2017 Photographs: Rob ‘t Hart

Project Description Storstorm Prison is the site of the world's most humane and re-socializing closed prison, with architecture that promotes inmates' mental and physical well-being while also providing a safe and pleasant workplace for employees.

Despite its different functions, Storstrm Prison exemplifies a balance between security and humane design. The prison's design is similar to that of the rehabilitation center, with an accommodation and reintegration program. The prison's goal is to become less institutionalized and more akin to a village, putting inmates in a familiar and friendly environment.

100

Figure [2-35] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

101

Description Description of the Design Brief Storstorm Prison is laid out more like a campus than a traditional prison, with central community buildings.

The four prisoner wings and maximum-security hall are designed to mimic the urban fabric of the surrounding villages, forming streets and squares and softening the transition from open societies to a prison. The designers chose to follow the Scandinavian tradition of encouraging inmates to reform rather than imposing harsh punishment.

The overarching architectural goal is to design a facility that resembles the structure and scale of a small provincial community. As a result, architecture that stimulates the desire and ability to reintegrate into society after serving a prison sentence has been created. The architecture also provides a pleasant and secure environment for the prison staff and blends in with the surrounding built-up area on Lolland Falster.

The prison has 250 inmates spread across four standard prison wings and one maximum-security wing. In addition, there is a visitors' unit, an activity building, a workshop building, a gate building, and a staff building. The ten buildings cover a total floor area of approximately 32,000 m2.

102

Figure [2-36] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

103

2.2.1.1 Environmental Analysis N

Denmark map Storstorm Prison Sun Path Cold winds Hot winds Noise

0 104

Figure [2-37] Google Earth/ Storstorm Prison, Denmark

10

20

30

meter 105

2.2.1.2 Contextual Analysis (surroundings)

Glarmester Dan Püschl

Housing Unit Storstorm Prison

Kirkehøjens Limousine

Storstrom Faengsel 106

Figure [2-37] Google Earth/ Storstorm Prison, Denmark

0

10

20

30

meter 107

2.2.1.3 Circulation and

N

Accessibility Analysis

Storstorm Prison Main road (highway) Secondary road Local road Pedestrian path Vehicular entrance Prison entrance Figure [2-38]

108

Figure [2-38] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

0

10

20

30

meter

109

2.2.1.4 Site Plan

N

The project is divided into 7 buildings, each of which displays a different activity while providing the same services to the categories that use the building.

We can also see a large greenery landscape for the residents and staff to enjoy.

It is also surrounded by a large boundary to ensure city security.

The overall architectural approach is to design a building of the same scale and structure, including streets and squares.

This will ensure a familiar and varied experience of the prison environment while minimizing the institutional atmosphere. The townlike structure is also reminiscent of the surrounding villages, making it a natural part of the landscape.

1Standard Wing 2Personal Building 3Gateway Building 4Workshop Building 5Visitor's Department 6Activity Building 7Special Secure Building 110

Figure [2-39] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

1

1

1 4

3 2

6

5

7

1

1

Figure [2-39]

0

10

20

30

meter

111

2.2.2 Scale and Spatial/ Form Relationships The Storstorm Prison in Gundslev, Denmark, was designed to evoke the structure and scale of a small provincial community in order to stimulate the desire and ability to rejoin society after serving a prison sentence. The prison's various buildings take on various shapes, most notably the circular plan of the activity building and the polygon shape of the workshop building. The designs of the wings that house the prisoners, on the other hand, are arranged in a radial pattern. Each wing's standard branch measures approximately 39x18 m. This design emphasizes the importance of daylight to the prisoners' well-being. Each cell has a large horizontally tilted window that allows full exposure to daylight.

Each cell has a large horizontally tilted window that provides full exposure to daylight while also providing a view of the surrounding landscape.

112

Figure [2-40] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

113

Cells are grouped into groups of four to seven cells, which are arranged around a social hub. The inmates' cell units have access to a living room and a shared kitchen where they prepare their meals. The living rooms are decorated in less institutional colors, and structurally integrated artwork can be found throughout. The exterior design incorporates recessed facades and pitched roofs to reduce the prison's institutionalized appearance. The facades of the wings, visitor's department, and gate building are made of light-colored bricks, while the activity building is made of concrete panels and glass, and the workshop building is made of steel panels and concrete.

114

Figure [2-41] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

115

2.2.3 Environmental Considerations The Storstrm prison is built with environmentally friendly materials. For example, a solar cell system located on the ground level accounts for 30-40% of the prison's energy consumption. In addition, LED lighting is used in the prison's indoor facilities, which reduces energy consumption and demand. Furthermore, rainwater is collected and directed to a local watercourse south of the prison. In the event of heavy rain, rainwater levels are adjusted by channeling the water into an artificial lake to prevent overflow of the watercourse. Furthermore, the design incorporates long-lasting and easy-to-maintain materials in the facades and interiors.

The prison's external and internal environments are visually stimulating. The facades are made up of a variety of materials and colors, including concrete and steel panels and light-colored bricks.

To break up the monotony of the surface, concrete panels have a circular pattern in several places.

The four colors used inside the buildings - yellow, orange, green, and blue - contribute to a positive atmosphere and variety, and are also used in the cell departments. The colors used on the walls and floors help to remove the institutionalized feel.

This is evident in the common areas. The cells are painted in neutral colors so that inmates can decorate them as they see fit. This is evident in the common areas. The cells are painted in neutral colors so that inmates can decorate them as they see fit. The use of color in the cell departments, on the other hand, is used as a marker of each unit, as each department features a single color.

Colo Palette

Exterior color palette

Interior color palette

N

Light diagram plan for Storstrm prison's standard wing Figure [2-43]

0 116

Figure [2-42] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Figure [2-43] https://issuu.com/smalameri/docs/thesis

10

20

30

meter 117

2.2.4 Concept The design of the reintegration and rehabilitation center for drug and alcohol addiction should address the issue of safety and security based on this concept. Despite its different functions, Storstorm Prison exemplifies a balance between security and humane design. The prison's design is similar to that of the rehabilitation center, with an accommodation and reintegration program.

The prison's goal is to become less institutionalized and more akin to a village, putting inmates in a familiar and friendly environment.

The concept also relies on security and protection, as evidenced by the pictures, which show that the project was designed very carefully to reflect the word "prison," achieving security for the neighboring villages. As a result, we see the project as a small community for recovering alcoholics and drug addicts to help them recover and prepare them to live in a more open society.

As a result, the main goal of this project was to promote treatment rather than punishment.

Figure [2-44]

Figure [2-45] 118

Figure [2-44], [2-45], [2-46] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Figure [2-46]

119

2.2.5 Materials

2.2.6 Functional organization

C.F. Mller chose to incorporate different materials into each of the site's buildings based on their programming. The five wings have patterned brick facades, while the activity building is made of concrete panels Figure [2-47] and glass, and the workshop building is made of steel panels and concrete. Throughout the campus, the concrete is embossed with a circular pattern to keep the walls from feeling too institutional.

These bubble diagrams showing the relationships between the spaces as well as the connections between each space and other spaces, indicating which has a strong direct connection and which has a weak connection.

Glass panels

Concrete panels

Library

Education room

Loundary Inpatients accommodation (Cells)

Assembly room

Figure [2-47]

Staff room Workshop Gym Canteen Administration

Standard wing elevation

Brick with patterns

Figure [2-48]

Kitchen Study room

Workshop building elevation

Bakery

Figure [2-49]

Church

Storage Recreation and leisure Activity building elevation Glass panels 120

Steel panels and concrete

Figure [2-50]

Figure [2-47], [2-48], [2-49], [2-50] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Music room

Inpatients accomodation Administration, staff, and

technical rooms Strong connection

Weak connection

Prayer room

Figure [2-51] Figure [2-51], Author

121

2.2.7 Program

Table [2-7]

Entity

Technical recommendation

• • • •

Gymnasium

• •

Dimensions Neufert standard: (10x10x4 to 14x 14x4) Double height Usable playing area 100-196 / Space requirement per person 0.7 1 m ² Natural lighting and ventilation Acoustical requirements.

Climatic consideration: the design and orientation of fitness centers must take advantage of local climatic conditions, use passive solar whenever possible.

Techniques for reducing energy consumption in construction Circulation: plan accessible pedestrian, vehicular, bicycle, service, handicap, and fire emergency access that is well-organized and easily identifiable. Make pedestrian pathways leading to the fitness facility visible, and think about connecting the pathways to other fitness trails, as well as sports fields.

Entity

Technical recommendation •

Administration •

•

• Pulpit

Built an enclosed platform for preaching and Word proclamation. The pulpit has a close liturgical relationship to the altar, but there are no specific rules about where it should be placed. As seen from the nave, this is frequently to the right of the altar. The pulpit stands 1.00-1.20 m (pulpit floor level) above the church floor.

Study room

•

• Lcctern

Church

The ambo was a mobile reading desk used in early Christian churches for reading the Gospels and Epistles. Despite its mobility, the lectern should be placed near the altar.

• Altar

The altar, also known as "God's table," is dedicated to the celebration of the Eucharist. It is possible to have both fixed and mobile altars or sacrament tables. The shape and material are unrestricted. The altar is mostly rectangular, 0.95-1.00 m tall, and free-standing, allowing you to walk around it without difficulty. Other shapes, however, are possible in reformed churches.

A bishop's consecration of an altar is required before it can be used.

•

Prayer hall

122

Table [2-7], Author, Neufert

The prayer hall is designed with 0.85 sqm of praying space for each person. The hall is typically rectangular to the square in shape, with a central dome, and is oriented toward Mecca for prayer purposes (qibla). The prayer niche (mihrab) is located on the interior of the front wall, and next to it is the pulpit for Friday prayers (minbar), which always has an odd number of steps for the mosque prayer leader (imam). A balcony or a symbolic separation often serves to separate men and women.

•

Inpatient accommodation

• •

Administration offices are divided into those that deal directly with patients and those that do not. Near the main entrance, offices for patient admission and dealings with friends and relatives should be provided.

Internal hospital business is handled by the administrative director's office with secretarial support, the accounts department, and the personnel department. Meeting and conference rooms are also required. Social workers and psychologists work in administration in larger hospitals.

Accounting rationalization and the use of IT must be considered in the design, which may include raised floors and a central accounts office with pneumatic postal delivery connections.

This includes standard and replacement classrooms, course rooms, language and social studies rooms, language laboratories, teaching equipment, and map rooms, as well as other ancillary rooms. Languages, general studies, mathematics, religion, social studies, and politics, as well as optional subjects and remedial instruction, are taught in the general classroom.

A class can have a maximum of 32 students. Classrooms should be designed around tables with two workplaces, according to school building guidelines. The maximum room depth is 7.20 m if all of the windows are on one side. If possible, have windows on both sides so that the furniture can be positioned freely. The distance between the blackboard and the student workstations in the back should not be more than 9.00 m.

Values to be considered: S1.80-2.00 m2 per-pupil Air volume per pupil: $5.00–6.00 m3. Individual construction elements may not reduce the ceiling height of classrooms (minimum 3 m) by more than 0.30 m.

The ward entrance lobby must be visible from the glazed nurses' station, and pharmaceutical stores and washrooms must be easy to reach. Patient supply logistics necessitate centrally located supply and waste disposal rooms for medication, laundry, waste, and catering.

Each patient room should have its wet cell with a WC, washbasin, and occasionally a shower, though these can also be divided into shower rooms.

The wet cells should be accessible to people with disabilities. The heights of the vanity unit and WC are critical (the vanity unit must be at least 86 cm for wheelchairs to fit underneath). The WC for wheelchair users should be approximately 49 cm high, i.e. the top level of the toilet seat.

Each ward should also have staff, visitors, and wheelchair-accessible restrooms.

123

2.2.8 Functional Analysis and Circulation

Plan key 1Cell 2Laundry room 3Communak kitchen / 4Study room Living room 6Guard area 5Gymnasium 8Education room 7Staff room 10 Workshop 9Prisoner common

Inpatients accomodation Horizontal circulation

Standard Wing Ground Floor

Vertical circulation

It divides prisoners into wings, and each wing is divided into units of 3-7 cells, each with a shared living room and kitchen. Limiting the number of inmates in each unit promotes social bonding among inmates, reduces cases of aggression and mass rebellion, and simplifies inmate management for staff. Furthermore, staff stations are strategically placed to allow for visual surveillance of inmates in multiple units. The cell's design incorporates curved angles, allowing you to see the entire cell from the entrance while reducing the risk of self-harm. The circulation of inmates is controlled by common areas such as the activity building and the workshop building. Common areas, such as the activity building and the workshop building, regulate inmate circulation by dividing corridors with doors, which limit the number of inmates in each area.

Table [2-8]

Entity

Recreation and leisure

Administration

Inpatients accommodation

Recurrence Total area Percentage

14

7

27

Prisoners courtyard

7

Vertical circulation

6

1533.92 Sqm

392.61 Sqm

581 Sqm

1109.90 Sqm

40%

10%

15%

30%

Table [2-8], Author

Administration, staff, and technical rooms Recreation and leisure

room

The four wing buildings primarily serve the prisoners, including the patient's accommodation section as well as staff and technical rooms.

Each building has a built-up area of around 6475 sqm, which equates to 25900 sqm for prisoners wings.

11 Prisoners courtyard

Figure [2-51]

The table below depicts the ground floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Space

Area

Kitchen & living room

472.54 Sqm

10%

4.6 Sqm 36 Sqm

Study room

50.40 Sqm

3.5%

9 Sqm

Gym 40.16 Sqm Education 173.79 Sqm room Prisoner 44.23 Sqm common room

1.5%

30 Sqm

7%

9 Sqm

3%

-

Percentage Neufert area (min)

Workshop

729 Sqm

15%

5.5 Sqm

Staff room

78.38 Sqm

2.3%

7.41 Sqm

Guard area

84.76 Sqm

2.7%

1 Sqm

Laundry

146.58 Sqm

5%

2.07 Sqm

Cell

-

581 Sqm

-

N

15%

-

7 Sqm

6 Sqm

1 2

1 2 3 4

8

3

6

5

7

11

11

9

3

10

6

11

2

3 2

1

10

10

8 Standard wing ground floor

1

0 61 Sqm

5%

Floor area for G.F 124

Garden

Staircase

57 Sqm

4%

4 Sqm

Elevator

4 Sqm

1%

2.656 Sqm

3578.38 Sqm

10

20

30

meter

Figure [2-52]

Total built up area for building 6475.84 Sqm

Figure [2-51] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Figure [2-52] Author, https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

125

Plan key Standard Wing First Floor

Inpatients accomodation

This floor is mainly for cells and the facilities that serve them, with two gathering areas and two prisoner workshops.

Horizontal circulation

The table below depicts the first floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Administration, staff, and technical rooms

Vertical circulation Garden

Recreation and leisure

1Cell 2Laundry room 3Communal kitchen / 4Study room Living room 6Guard area 5Gymnasium 8Education room 7Staff room 10 Workshop 9Prisoner common room

11 Prisoners courtyard

Figure [2-53]

N

Table [2-9]

Entity

Recreation and leisure

Administration

Recurrence Total area Percentage

9

7

1293.48 Sqm

392.61 Sqm

50%

15%

Inpatients accommodation

27

581 Sqm

20%

Vertical circulation

6

61 Sqm

5%

Space

Area

Kitchen & living room

472.54 Sqm

10%

4.6 Sqm 36 Sqm

Study room

50.40 Sqm

5.5%

9 Sqm

Gym

40.16 Sqm

5%

30 Sqm

Prisoner 464.12 Sqm common room

9.5%

-

Workshop

653.24 Sqm

20%

5.5 Sqm

Staff room

78.38 Sqm

3%

7.41 Sqm

Guard area

84.76 Sqm

3.5%

1 Sqm

Laundry

146.58 Sqm

8%

2.07 Sqm

Cell

581 Sqm

20%

7 Sqm

Staircase

57 Sqm

4%

4 Sqm

Elevator

4 Sqm

1%

2.656 Sqm

1

Percentage Neufert area (min)

2

1

3

2 3 4

10 6

5

7

10

3 2

3 2

1 1

Figure [2-54]

Standard wing first floor 0

10

20

30

meter

2897.46 Sqm Floor area for F.F Total built up area for building 6475.84 Sqm 126

Table [2-9], Author

Figure [2-53] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Figure [2-54] Author, https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

127

Plan key

Workshop Building This building has a noticeable mix of prisoners and staff. It is a structure made up of workshops, restaurants, and gathering areas, with the main goal of creating a natural environment for prisoners and integrating them with staff to make them more capable of integrating into life and productivity.

1Prisoners workshop 2Prisoners laundry room 3Staff facilities 4Prisoners garden 5Prisoner common 6Prisoners changing room room 8Kitchen 7Staff kitchen 10 Staff garden 9Bakery 12 Storage 11 Staff workshop 14 Staff canteen 13 Workshop maintenance

Inpatients accomodation Horizontal circulation Vertical circulation Garden

The table below depicts the first floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Administration, staff, and technical rooms Recreation and leisure

Table [2-10]

Entity Recreation and leisure

Administration

Figure [2-55]

Recurrence Total area Percentage 9

17

302.74 Sqm

3329.30 Sqm

15%

80%

Space

Area

Prisoner 472.54 Sqm workshop Prisoner 44.23 Sqm common room

6

61 Sqm

5%

Floor area for G.F 128

Table [2-10], Author

12%

4.6 Sqm 36 Sqm

3%

-

Staff kitchen

51.73 Sqm

4.5%

4.6 Sqm

Kitchen

314.41 Sqm

13%

4.6 Sqm

Bakery

37.57 Sqm

2.2%

64 Sqm

Staff workshop 128.34 Sqm

6.5%

5.5 Sqm

Storage

314.89 Sqm

13%

5.5 Sqm

Workshop maintenance

125.50 Sqm

6.4%

5.5 Sqm

Staff canteen

279.76 Sqm

10%

29 Sqm

Staff facilities 159.87 Sqm

7%

-

5%

2.07 Sqm

Prisoner 31.69 Sqm changing room

1.4%

0.71 Sqm

Prisoner garden 110.87 Sqm

6%

20 Sqm

Staff garden

181.20 Sqm

8%

20 Sqm

Staircase

29.73 Sqm

4%

4 Sqm

Elevator

4.67 Sqm

1%

2.656 Sqm

Prisoner laundry

Vertical circulation

Percentage Neufert area (min)

6660 Sqm

105.96 Sqm

Total built up area for building 13320 Sqm

Figure [2-55] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

8

12

9

8 8

7

8

N 5 4

10

14

13

6

12 12

2

3

11

1

4

12 Workshop building ground floor

Figure [2-56]

0

10

20

Figure [2-56] Author, https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

30

meter 129

Plan key Activity Building

Inpatients accomodation

This structure houses sports activities and services. It has a large gymnasium, library, music room, and a church and prayer hall to allow prisoners to live a normal life.

Horizontal circulation

The table below depicts the first floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Vertical circulation Garden

Administration, staff, and technical rooms

1Music room 2Prayer room 3Gymnasium hall 4Church 5Assembly room 6Library 7Convenience store

Recreation and leisure

Figure [2-57]

5

2

4

1

N

Table [2-11]

Entity

Recreation and leisure

Recurrence Total area Percentage

9

3329.30 Sqm

45%

Space

Area

Library

47.16 Sqm

1.20%

13.32 Sqm

Gym hall

812.87 Sqm

25%

30 Sqm

Convenience store

135.79 Sqm

4.5%

5.5 Sqm

Assembly room 102.89 Sqm

3.75%

17.77 Sqm

Church

193.25 Sqm

5%

9 Sqm

Prayer room

50.90 Sqm

1.55%

3 Sqm

Music room

114.82 Sqm

4%

4.57 Sqm

Staff room

173 Sqm

13%

7.41 Sqm

7%

2.78 Sqm

-

20 Sqm

4%

4 Sqm

8

273.89 Sqm

20%

Garden

2

248.44 Sqm

15%

-

Vertical circulation

3

68.45 Sqm

5%

Staircase

Administration

Percentage Neufert area (min)

Technical room 100.89 Sqm

-

68.45 Sqm

2751.14 Sqm Floor area for G.F Total built up area for building 5502.28 Sqm 130

Table [2-11], Author

Figure [2-57] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

6 3

7

Activity building ground floor

Figure [2-58]

0

10

20

Figure [2-58] Author, https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

30

meter 131

Plan key

Special Security Building This building is a mash-up of services found in all the buildings around it, as it includes the most services to provide the most users with the facilities and services they require. It has 9 branched wings with the most cells, each wing has its services, and the middle of the building is for services that can be used in conjunction with two branches for gathering areas at the edges.

Inpatients accomodation Horizontal circulation Vertical circulation Garden

Administration, staff, and technical rooms

The table below depicts the first floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Recreation and leisure

N

Figure [2-59]

Table [2-12]

Entity

Recurrence

Total area

Percentage

Neufert area (min)

Recreation and leisure

14

750 Sqm

25%

-

Administration

42

1170.68 Sqm

40%

-

Inpatient accommodation

53

951.63 Sqm

30%

-

Vertical circulation

12

Figure [2-60]

100 Sqm

5%

-

8492.68 sqm.

Floor area for G.F Total built up area for building 16985.36 Sqm 132

Table [2-12], Author

11

Figure [2-59] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Special security wing ground floor

0

10

20

Figure [2-60] Author, https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

30

meter 133

Cell The cells are grouped into units of four to seven cells, which are arranged around a social hub.

The units have a living room and a shared kitchen where the inmates prepare their meals. The living room areas are decorated in less institutional colors, and there is structurally integrated art and artwork created specifically for the prison throughout the prison.

Figure [2-61]

Figure [2-62]

Cell plan

Figure [2-63]

Cell Axonometric 0

134

10

20

30

meter

Figure [2-61], [2-62], [2.63] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Figure [2-64] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

135

Ground Floor Cell

2.2.9 Especial analysis, organization

Loundary

Communal kitchen / Living room Cell

Bubble Diagram These bubble diagrams showing the relationships between the spaces as well as the connections between each space and other spaces, indicating which has a strong direct connection and which has a weak connection.

Prisoners courtyard

Gym

Cell

Workshop

Prisoner common room

Workshop

Guard area

Loundary

Communal kitchen / Living room

Strong connection Weak connection Vertical circulation

Prisoner courtyard

Loundary

Guard Staff area room Study room

Education room

Cell

Education room

Prisoner courtyard

Staff room

Workshop

Loundary

Figure [2-65]

First Floor Cell

Loundary

Communal kitchen / Living room Cell

Loundary

Guard Staff area room Study room

Cell

Workshop

Gym

Prisoner common room

Workshop

Loundary

Communal kitchen / Living room Figure [2-66] 136

Figure [2-65], [2-66] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Cell

Loundary

137

Kitchen

Workshop Building G.F Bakery

Kitchen

Kitchen

Storage

Staff kitchen

Kitchen

Staff canteen Staff garden

Staff canteen

Workshop maintenance

Prisoners garden

Administration

Kitchen

Special security wing Building G.F

Prisoners common room

Prisoners loundary room

Staff rooms

Staff facilities

Study room Study room

Recreation and leisure

Staff workshop

Prisoners workshop

Recreation and leisure

Storage

Staff rooms

Study room

Cell

Staff room

Communal kitchen / Living room

Gym

Gym

Study room

Communal kitchen / Living room

Study room

Communal kitchen / Living room

Staff room

Study room Staff room

Communal kitchen / Living room

Activity Building G.F

Cell

Gym

Gym

Prisoners garden

Storage

Staff rooms

Cell

Cell

Study room

Study room Study room

Study room Study room

Staff room Staff room

Study room

Communal kitchen / Living room

Church Assembly room

Garden

Prayer room

Administration

Gym Music room

Loundary

Staff room

Administration

Gym

Cell Study room

Gym hall

Garden

Gym

Gym

Cell

Library

Gym hall

Communal kitchen / Living room

Cell

Study room

Study room

Staff room

Cell Study room

Cell

Gymnasium hall

Strong connection Weak connection Vertical circulation

138

Administration

Administration

Convenience store

Administration

Strong connection Weak connection Vertical circulation

139

2.3 Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital Project Details: Location: Dubai, UAE Architects: KMD Architects Total Area: 36,600 m2 Constructed: November 2016 Cilent: UAE Ministry of Public Works Contract Value: 420 million AED

Project Description Dubai, UAE KMD provided programming, planning, and design services for this prototype psychiatric facility that required a unique design and aesthetic response to ensure that its presence in the community is welcome and that its treatment mission, both in- and out-patient, could be accomplished most effectively. The hospital's overall architectural appearance is that of an oasis or village surrounded by lush vegetation.

The Al Amal behavioral health campus has 272 beds for patients ranging in age from adolescents to the elderly. Acute, Forensic, Detox, and Progressive acuity levels are available, as are corresponding security levels.

140

Figure [2-67] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

141

Description Description of the Design Brief The design of Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital is centered on the experience that patients have. The hospital's design elements aim to reduce stress and anxiety for both patients and employees, as evidenced by a reduction in physical restraint of patients. In a drug addiction rehabilitation section, where violent and aggressive behavior is expected, a design that reduces stress and promotes feelings of relaxation and comfort is critical. The psychiatric hospital also emphasizes the importance of physical activity and access to nature as part of the healing process.

This is accomplished by ensuring ample natural light throughout the structure, as well as easy access to nature and outdoor spaces. This is accomplished through the use of natural light throughout the structure, easy access to nature and outdoor spaces, and a well-thought-out layout.

142

Figure [2-68] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

143

2.3.1.1 Environmental Analysis N

UAE map Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital Sun Path Cold winds Hot winds Noise

0 144

Figure [2-69] Google Earth / Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital

10

20

30

meter 145

2.3.1.3 Contextual Analysis (surroundings)

Dubai Foundation For Women and Children

Immigration of Dubai

Al Awir Immigration

Al Aweer Detention Center Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital

146

Figure [2-71] Google Earth / Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital

Punitive and Correctional Institution Dubai Al Awir 147

2.3.1.2 Circulation and

N

Accessibility Analysis

N

Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital Main road Secondary road Local road Junction

148

Figure [2-70] Google Earth / Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital

0

10

20

30

meter 149

2.3.1.4 Site Plan

N

Parking area Outpatient rehabilitation Circulation spine Housing unit Clinical zone Secondary road Local road Pedestrian path Access to the buildings 0 150

10

20

30

meter

Figure [2-72] Google Earth / Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital

Vehicular entrance Hospital entrance

151

2.3.1.5 Master Plan

N

0

152

Figure [2-73] https://www.chinaconstruction.ae/portfolio-items/al-amal-psychiatric-hospital-project/

10

20

30

meter

153

2.3.2 Scale and Spatial/ Form Relationships The hospital is intended to provide patients with a stable psychological environment. The hospital was divided into six distinct buildings. It combines the clinical zone and the outpatient rehabilitation center with a rectangular reception center, and this section is considered the hospital's center and facilitates movement throughout the facility. The Curve Spine divided the hospital into two sections: outpatient care and inpatient accommodation. This Spine allows for smooth movement in all directions, making navigation easier for users and visitors.

The Patients Accommodation Department is divided into four buildings based on the needs of the patients. As a result, the first building houses geriatric patients and VIPs, the second houses services and detox services, as well as a section for adolescents, the third houses detox services and drug abuse patients, and the fourth houses forensic medicine and severe acute cases. As a result, we conclude that the hospital's structure is an integrated organization that is simple to absorb and organize, facilitating all uses for all general and emergency cases.Each cell has a large horizontally tilted window that provides full exposure to daylight while also providing a view of the surrounding landscape.

154

Figure [2-74] http://www.tjeg.com/projects/project/al-amal-psychiatric-hospital/

155

The building's architectural expression incorporates several vernacular and passive design elements rooted in Middle Eastern architecture and applied in a modern cultural and aesthetic manner. The edges of the main buildings are defined by monolithic walls, which wrap around at the main entry, establishing a ceremonial entry sequence. This formal arrival starts at the campus gate and continues down the formal drive to an entry court.

The hospital's massing steps up to a three-story building component at the front, attracting visitors with its grand entry portal. The geometric forms of one-story, free-standing elements such as garden walls, a gymnasium, and "half-way-home" patient accommodations complement the main facade. In collaboration with HDP, for the UAE Ministry of Public Works.

156

Figure [2-75] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

157

2.3.3 Environmental Considerations The hospital is designed with a special emphasis on both natural and artificial light, emphasizing the importance of light's healing capacity. The hospital has glass panels and interior courtyards that allow for plenty of natural light. Withdrawn ceilings and interior glass allow light to penetrate deeper into the structure. Furthermore, color therapy is used throughout the facility for calming recovery, sleep support, depression elimination, and the preservation of a natural circadian rhythm for staff and patients.

Color Palette

Another example of a disavowal and stigmatizing institutional health care structure is Al-Amal Psychiatric Hospital. From the materials used to the generous use of color, the design creates homelike environments for patients and staff. The hospital's design and multiple courtyards, which invite daylight into the building, emphasize the importance of nature. The hospital's design promotes patient and staff mobility, making it easier for patients to become accustomed to moving around the facility on their own. The design provides patients with privacy and independence by providing multiple areas with gradual exposure to the other community, allowing each patient to treat others as they see fit. Furthermore, the hospital is located in the heart of the city, which helps to remove the stigma associated with the hospital and its users while also welcoming the community through its easy accessibility, facilitating the process of re-integration of patients with the rest of the community.

Courtyard

Interior color palette

Figure [2-77]

0 158

Figure [2-76] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

10

20

Exterior color palette

meter 30

Inpatient's garden

N

Courtyard and garden diagram site plan for Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital

Figure [2-77] https://www.chinaconstruction.ae/portfolio-items/al-amal-psychiatric-hospital-project/

159

2.3.4 Concept The complex is designed in the style of an oasis or a village, surrounded and buffered by dense vegetation that separates it from its neighbors. The main three-story structure is supplemented by free-standing structures such as a mosque, auditorium, gymnasiums, staff housing, and a halfway house for patients.

Pools and fountains, for example, provide a therapeutic and healing environment as well as a cooling element.

The design concept aims to provide a peaceful and serene environment for both patients and visitors that respects and reflects the culture and values of its clients while relieving the stigma that is frequently associated with mental health issues.

Figure [2-78]

Figure [2-79] 160

Figure [2-78], [79] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

Figure [2-80] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

161

2.3.5 Materials

2.3.6 Functional organization

Clinic Recreation and leisure Inpatients accomodation

These bubble diagrams showing the relationships between the spaces as well as the connections between each space and other spaces, indicating which has a strong direct connection and which has a weak connection.

The glass panels and interior courtyards of the hospital allow for plenty of natural light. The use of low-maintenance and sustainable building materials for floor finishes, ceilings, and facade cladding results in a building that is easy to maintain and has a long lifespan.

Administration, staff, and

technical rooms Strong connection Weak connection

Inpatients accommodation

Glass panels

Figure [2-81]

Withdrawn ceilings and interior glass allow light to penetrate deeper into the structure

Figure [2-82]

Terrazzo and Marble supply

Pediatrics clinic

Living room

Family medicine clinic

Multi-purpose hall

Dental clinic

Family visitor's lounge

Workshop Gym

Staff room Figure [2-85]

Rehabilitation of drug abusers Figure [2-83] 162 Figure [2-81] https://www.leblogdestendances.fr/travel/

Figure [2-84] Figure [2-82], [2-83], [2-84] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

Psychiatry Clinic

Technical room Figure [2-85], Author

163

2.3.7 Program

Table [2-13]

Entity

Technical recommendation

• • • •

Gymnasium

• •

• •

Workshop

• • • • •

Clinic

• • •

164 Table [2-13], Author, Neufert

Dimensions Neufert standard: (10x10x4 to 14x 14x4) Double height Usable playing area 100-196 / Space requirement per person 0.7 1 m ² Natural lighting and ventilation Acoustical requirements.

Climatic consideration: the design and orientation of fitness centers must take advantage of local climatic conditions, use passive solar whenever possible.

Techniques for reducing energy consumption in construction Circulation: plan accessible pedestrian, vehicular, bicycle, service, handicap, and fire emergency access that is well-organized and easily identifiable. Make pedestrian pathways leading to the fitness facility visible, and think about connecting the pathways to other fitness trails, as well as sports fields.

Steel, reinforced concrete, or timber-framed construction is the most common type of construction. Walls and roofs of large-format building elements that are thermally and acoustically insulated.

Double-glazed windows, most of which lack opening lights, with a smaller proportion of opening windows required by regulations for ventilation and visibility. The illustrated examples require approximately 70–80 m2 of space per employee (without open storerooms).

General production flow: linear, angled-shaped in small businesses with up to 10 employees.

U-shaped or circular (square) layouts are better for workflow in medium-sized businesses with more than ten employees.

The following is the working sequence: timber store, cutting area, drying room, machine room, bench workshop, surface treatment, storage, and packing.

The machines are arranged in the following order: door, loading and unloading, ramp, supervision, testing, acceptance, and delivery.

A single specialist's practice must have a minimum amount of space (approx. 150 sqm) and functions separated into rooms that are differentiated and extended based on specialty. There is a clear distinction between the patient and staff areas. A waiting area with a cloakroom and WC is located near the entrance, and the doctor's area with a consultation room is located near the waiting area. The treatment room and laboratory are right next to each other. A separate diagnostic zone and an extension of the consultation and examination area for repeated treatments are both reasonable.

The number and size of the rooms are determined by the doctor's specific specialist qualifications.

The program is completed by patient WCs, staff changing rooms with WCs, and a staff lounge. Separate children's play areas in the waiting area can be a good idea.

Neufert standard dimensions for a doctor's room are (4x2.5), implying a 10 sqm area.

Entity

Technical recommendation •

Administration •

•

•

Rehabilitation

• • •

•

Inpatient accommodation

• •

Administration offices are divided into those that deal directly with patients and those that do not. Near the main entrance, offices for patient admission and dealings with friends and relatives should be provided.

Internal hospital business is handled by the administrative director's office with secretarial support, the accounts department, and the personnel department. Meeting and conference rooms are also required. Social workers and psychologists work in administration in larger hospitals.

Accounting rationalization and the use of IT must be considered in the design, which may include raised floors and a central accounts office with pneumatic postal delivery connections.

The Rehabilitation – Allied Health Unit provides multidisciplinary rehabilitation service care with the clinical intent or treatment goal of improving a patient's functional status due to an impairment, disability, or handicap.

This unit's patient population, in particular, requires special consideration in terms of safety because they will be both disabled or incapacitated and encouraged to be mobile and self-sufficient.

Every aspect of unit design, including finishes, surfaces, and fittings, must be evaluated for the possibility of accidents or hazards to both patients and staff.

Most accidents or mishaps occur in sanitary facilities, affecting both patients and staff.

It is critical that floor finishes are non-slip and do not cause "drag" for patients who use walking aids or wheelchairs.

The ward entrance lobby must be visible from the glazed nurses' station, and pharmaceutical stores and washrooms must be easy to reach. Patient supply logistics necessitate centrally located supply and waste disposal rooms for medication, laundry, waste, and catering.

Each patient room should have its wet cell with a WC, washbasin, and occasionally a shower, though these can also be divided into shower rooms.

The wet cells should be accessible to people with disabilities. The heights of the vanity unit and WC are critical (the vanity unit must be at least 86 cm for wheelchairs to fit underneath). The WC for wheelchair users should be approximately 49 cm high, i.e. the top level of the toilet seat.

Each ward should also have staff, visitors, and wheelchair-accessible restrooms.

165

2.3.8 Functional Analysis and Circulation

Plan key 1Multi-purpose hall 3Staff room 5Dental clinic 7Family medicine

Horizontal circulation Vertical circulation

Clinical zone G.F

Courtyard

This structure houses the greatest number of services in the greatest number of categories. It has dental clinics, pediatric clinics, family medicine clinics, rest areas, inpatient family visitors lounges, multi-purpose halls, and workshops. These services aim to provide as many clinics as possible to serve inpatients and outpatients and to bring them together in a healthy way so that no group feels isolated from the world around it.

Administration, staff, and technical rooms Recreation and leisure

clinic

Fire hose reel

9Courtyard open to sky

The table below depicts the ground floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

Figure [2-84]

3

Table [2-14]

Entity

Recreation and leisure

Recurrence Total area Percentage

6

450.68 Sqm

30%

Space

Area

Family visitor's lounge

29.30 Sqm

2%

20.35 Sqm

Child & mother

176 Sqm

10%

-

Living room

111.4 Sqm

9%

36 Sqm

Multi purpose 85.83 Sqm hall

6%

50 Sqm

48.15 Sqm

3%

5.5 Sqm

Dental clinic 278.15 Sqm

20%

10 Sqm

Pediatrics clinic 147.87 Sqm

12%

10 Sqm

Workshop

Clinic

Administration

Vertical circulation

35

532 Sqm

40%

27

370 Sqm

25%

3

23.46 Sqm

5%

Family medicine clinic

106 Sqm

8%

10 Sqm

Staff room

286.48 Sqm

18%

7.41 Sqm

Technical room 83.87 Sqm

7%

2.78 Sqm

5%

2.656 Sqm

Elevator

23.46 Sqm

Total built up area for G.F 8324.28 Sqm Table [2-14], Author Figure [2-84] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

10

3

N

Percentage Neufert area (min)

Floor area for G.F 2774.76 Sqm

166

2Living room 4Child and mother 6Pediatrics clinic 8Technical room 10 Worskshop 11 Family visitor's lounge

9 2

5

1 3

3

2 3

4

8 6 11

8

6

8 8

7

9 Clinical zone ground floor Figure [2-85]

0 Figure [2-85] Author, Taken from Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital

10

20

30

meter 167

Outpatient rehabilitation G.F The outpatient rehabilitation building contains drug rehabilitation clinics as well as psychiatric clinics, as well as the nurse and technical rooms.

This category of clinics is separated from other categories for two reasons: first, for patient privacy, and second, because this category cannot deal with patients from the other department until they have recovered, especially since one of the departments in the other building contains clinics for children and family medicine, and this is not because they are a stigma on society, but to limit the harm as much as possible.

Plan key 1Rehabilitation of

Horizontal circulation Vertical circulation

2Psychiatry Clinic 4Staff room

drug abusers

3Gymnasium 5Technical room

Courtyard

Administration, staff, and technical rooms Recreation and leisure Fire hose reel

This floor’s vertical circulation is approximately 152 sqm, with a horizontal circulation of 200 sqm.

The void occupies the horizontal circulation space on the ground floor, which has an area of 1409 sqm.

As a result, the first floor’s built-up area is 2360.12 sqm.

N

Table [2-86]

The table below depicts the first floor facilities and their recurrence with their areas.

1

5

4

4

Table [2-15]

Entity Recreation and leisure

Clinic

Administration

Recurrence Total area Percentage 6

35

27

70.24 Sqm

1645.75 Sqm

574.12 Sqm

30%

40%

25%

Space

Area

Gym

70.24 Sqm

10%

30 Sqm

Rehabilitation of 278.15 Sqm drug abusers

20%

10 Sqm

12%

10 Sqm

Psychiatry clinic

147.87 Sqm

Staff room

444 Sqm

Technical room 130.12 Sqm

Percentage Neufert area (min)

18%

7.41 Sqm

7%

2.78 Sqm

1

1

5

2 2

2 1 4

2

3

2 2

Floor area for G.F 3855.37 Sqm

4

Total built up area for G.F 11566.11 Sqm

5

Figure [2-87]

2

2

4 Outpatient rehabilitation ground floor 0

168

Table [2-15], Author Figure [2-86] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

Figure [2-87] Author, Taken from Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital

10

20

30

meter 169

Housing unit The housing units include eight services that provide accommodation for patients and their facilities. One building has a built-up area of 4906 sqm, which is equivalent to 19,244 sqm for all four buildings. The first building has geriatric housing on the ground floor and VIP housing on the first floor, while the second building's ground floor is divided into two sections: detox and patient services. As a result, this group of adolescent patients lives on the first floor. The entire ground floor of the third building is dedicated to detox services, and the first floor is dedicated to housing drug abuse patients for the group that is gradually recovering. Fourth building: forensic medicine and mortuary on the ground floor, and severe acute cases on the first floor.

2.3.9 Especial analysis, organization Bubble Diagram These bubble diagrams showing the relationships between the spaces as well as the connections between each space and other spaces, indicating which has a strong direct connection and which has a weak connection.

Strong connection Weak connection Vertical circulation

Clinical zone building Workshop

Staff room

Acute Progressive

Staff room

Courtyard

Adolescent

Dental clinic

VIP

Living room

Multi-purpose hall

Staff room

Staff room

Child and mother

Family visitor's lounge

Forensic

Staff room

Living room

Technical room

Figure [2-88]

Pediatrics clinic

Pediatrics clinic

Technical room Technical room

Technical room

Family medicine clinic

Courtyard

Detox Figure [2-89]

170

Figure [2-88], [2-89] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

Services Geriatrics 171

Outpatient rehabilitation building It divides prisoners into wings, and each wing is divided into units of 3-7 cells, each with a shared living room and kitchen. Limiting the number of inmates in each unit promotes social bonding among inmates, reduces cases of aggression and mass rebellion, and simplifies inmate management for staff. Furthermore, staff stations are strategically placed to allow for visual surveillance of inmates in multiple units. The cell's design incorporates curved angles, allowing you to see the entire cell from the entrance while reducing the risk of self-harm. The circulation of inmates is controlled by common areas such as the activity building and the workshop building. Common areas, such as the activity building and the workshop building, regulate inmate circulation by dividing corridors with doors, which limit the number of inmates in each area.

Strong connection Weak connection Vertical circulation

Technical room

Figure [2-90]

Staff room

Rehabilitation of drug abusers

Technical room

Rehabilitation of drug abusers

Staff room

Rehabilitation of drug abusers

Psychiatry Clinic

Psychiatry Clinic

Staff room 172

Psychiatry Clinic

Psychiatry Clinic

Psychiatry Clinic

Technical room

Figure [2-90] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

Psychiatry Clinic

Psychiatry Clinic

Psychiatry Clinic

Gym

Psychiatry Clinic

Staff room

Rehabilitation of drug abusers

Psychiatry Clinic

Staff room Figure [2-91] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

173

Table [2-17]

2.4 Program Comparison

Precedent Case

Groot Klimmendaal

Storstrøm Prison

Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital

Architectural style

Modern

Modern

Traditional

Compact

Fragmented

Fragmented

Table [2-16]

Precedent Case

Groot Klimmendaal

Storstrøm Prison

Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital

Composition

Year

2011

2017

2016

Parking

Architect

Koen van Velsen

CF Möller

KMD Architects

Single bedrooms

Country

The Netherlands

Denmark

UAE

Living rooms

Function

Mental health rehabilitation

Prison & Probation

Psychiatry

Courtyard

Area

14000 Sqm

32000 Sqm

36600 Sqm

Gym/Fitness

Location

City outskirts

Far from the city

Close to city center

Library/ Education

Levels

G+4

G+2

G+2

Workshops

Circular

Radial

Radial

Restaurant/Cafe

60 inpatients

250 inmates

272 inpatients

Swimming pool

233 Sqm

128 Sqm

188 Sqm

Theatre

Horizontal circulation Accommodation capacity Approx. activity facilities

174

Exterior color palette

Clinic

Interior color palette

Prayer rooms

Table [2-16], Author

Table [2-17], Author

175

Conclusion The previous precedent cases provided excellent examples of healing architecture. Though some of them did not directly reflect the function of the research project, they provided important lessons about the role of design in mental health. These are some examples of previous studies on the design of a reintegration and rehabilitation center for drug addicts: 1. Reducing the building's institutionalized appearance in order to de-stigmatize its users 2. Providing recreational facilities that are open to the public in order to reintegrate patients.

3. Including workshops and classrooms to assist patients with their reintegration.

4. Using design to incorporate natural light.

5. Incorporating spirituality into the healing process.

6. Reducing the patients' distress by using colors, natural elements, and art.

7. Placing patients in private rooms to alleviate their distress and respect their privacy.

8. Dividing patient rooms into smaller units to reduce violent incidents.

9. Allocating staff stations in such a way as to maximize surveillance.

10. Keeping sharp corners to a minimum to reduce the risk of self-harm.

11. Using materials that are long-lasting and easy to maintain.

176

Figure [2-92] https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

177

Recommendations After the deep study of the case studies, locating the project in the city center or close to city center will be perfect, Based on the issue discussing by the project, addiction is not a stigma on society, but rather a disease like any mental illness and must be treated. Therefore, locating the project in the city center would be a good idea. because it is an active area and always full of people.

Considering the number of floors, it is going to be related to the given built up area, which is 20000 to 30000 sqm, which is enough to accommodate the patients program .

To improve the project, sustainability is required to be applied to the project taking advantages from Ajman strong sunlight , having courtyards to improve the shading, natural lighting, and more will appear after the concept becomes settled. The structure should be decided after the concept gets approved.

178

Figure [2-93] Google Earth, Ajman, UAE

179

03

Program 3.1 Survey 3.2 Program Summary 3.3 Program Analysis 3.4 Recommendations 3.5 Estimated Budget

180

181

3.1.4 Survey (questioner) 5%

3.1 Survey 3.1.1 Background The social stigma associated with rehabilitation centers and psychiatric institutions in general may pose a barrier to the rehabilitation center's success, as one of its goals is to assist inpatients in reintegrating into society. As a result, a survey was conducted to gather feedback from the UAE community in order to better understand how the community wants to interact with the drug addiction rehabilitation center.

3.1.2 Objectives to achieve by Rehabilitation Center The goal of programming is to balance development needs with long-term economic, social, and environmental goals; to ensure that all of our activities have a strong focus on the concept of place; to be connected to others, and to have a sense of place. Keeping the general concept of the rehabilitation center and putting it into practice how this group healthily interacts with society, as well as changing the general idea of drug addiction as a stigma on society by providing support and the right ways to treat this category because, at the end of the day, they are human beings capable of producing and changing themselves and society.

The survey included ten multiple-choice questions, the first three of which were demographic questions about nationality, age, and gender. The remaining questions focused on the participants' attitudes and beliefs about addiction treatment centers.

One of the questions, for example, asked, "What is your attitude toward living near a drug addiction rehabilitation center?"

Another question was, "Would you use the rehabilitation center's amenities (Gym, Swimming pool, restaurant, etc.) if they were open to the public?" and "Would you visit a relative or a friend receiving treatment at an addiction rehabilitation center?" The questions were carefully crafted to avoid bias in the form of the questions.

For instance, rather than asking, "Do you mind living near a rehabilitation center?" The question was rephrased as "What's your attitude?" which is more neutral than "Do you mind?"

3.1.3 Methodology The survey, titled UAE Community Attitudes Toward Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Centers, was administered to 100 UAE citizens and residents. The survey was created using Surveymonkey.com and distributed via a link to the community. The survey questions and answers were written in both English and Arabic at the same time to make it easier for members of society who aren't bilingual or fluent in either language to complete the survey. The survey link was distributed via various social media platforms, and responding to it was neither mandatory nor in exchange for any money or service.

182

Figure [3-1] Survey respondents’ demographics: Nationality, SurveyMonkey.com

Nationality

56%

39%

Figure [3-1]

GCC National

Arab National

Others

2%

2% 5%

15%

76%

Age Group

Figure [3-2]

19 - 29

30 - 39

40 - 49

50 +

15 - 18

Figure [3-1], [3-2] Survey respondents’ demographics: Nationality, SurveyMonkey.com

183

Survey (questioner)

59%

Gender

Survey (questioner)

41%

62%

38%

Figure [3-3]

Female

Male

Figure [3-4]

Are you aware in drug addiction rehabilitation center in UAE? Yes

No

Results According to the findings, the social stigma associated with addiction rehabilitation centers isn't as bad as previously thought. On average, 14% of respondents indicated that they have some level of stigma associated with addiction treatment centers.

For example, only 9% of respondents said they object to living near an addiction rehabilitation center, while 23% said they will not use the rehabilitation center's amenities, 15% said they will not visit a friend receiving treatment at the center, and 9% said they will not attend family therapy sessions for a relative.

However, when asked why some drug addicts prefer receiving treatment abroad, 57 percent said it was due to fear of losing their reputation, 14 percent said it was due to legal consequences, and 11 percent said it was due to poor medical care in their home country.

When looking for differences between demographics, it was discovered that females were more likely to list fear for reputation as a leading reason for seeking treatment abroad (76%) and more likely to say they will not use amenities provided by the rehabilitation center (29%).

184

They were, however, more likely to visit a friend receiving treatment (78% vs. 68% of the average result) and to attend family therapy sessions (80% vs.

69%of the average result).

Based on these findings, we can conclude that females are more aware of the social stigma, but they are more likely to assist a relative or a friend regardless.

Other than females, no significant differences were observed between the major demographic groups; however, because some categories, such as others in nationality and +50 in age groups, had a small number of respondents, comparing their results to the average answers will be inaccurate.

Figure [3-3] Survey respondents’ demographics: Nationality, SurveyMonkey.com

9%

65%

26%

Figure [3-5]

What's your attitude to living near to drug rehabilitation center?

I object

Not sure

I dont't mind

Figure [3-4], [3-5] Survey respondents’ demographics: Nationality, SurveyMonkey.com

185

Survey (questioner) 47.47%

Survey (questioner) 9%

23.23%

69%

29.29%

Maybe

Figure [3-8]

Figure [3-6]

Will you use the amenities provided by the rehabilitation center (Gym, Swimming pool, restaurant, etc.) if it was available to the public?

No

22%

Yes

If relative receiving treatment at addiction rehabilitation center, will you attend family therapy sessions?

No

Maybe

Yes

9%

15%

15%

68%

17%

76%

Figure [3-9]

Figure [3-7]

Will you visit a relative or a friend receiving treatment at addiction rehabilitation center?

No

Maybe

Yes

If you have a relative who suffers from drug addiction, will suggest receiving treatment in the country?

No

186

Figure [3-6], [3-7] Survey respondents’ demographics: Nationality, SurveyMonkey.com

I don't know

I dont't mind

187

Survey (questioner) 7.29%

3.1.5 Conclusion

7.29%

9.38%

At the end of this survey, I can say that most people are unfamiliar with drug addiction rehabilitation centers and are afraid of them due to the stigma that surrounds this problem, so our role as architects is to change this idea in a way that suits us, which is to design a specialized center that addresses this problem in a way that includes everything that has been studied and deduced from previous statistics. These statistics will be used in the third and fourth chapters to estimate the facilities on which the program will be based, as well as to determine the location of the building.

13.54% 57.29%

Figure [3-10]

What do you think is the reason why some drug addicts prefer receiving treatment abroad?

Lack of drug addiction rehabilitation center Poor medical care in the country

Breaching the patient's confidentiality

Legal consequences

Fear for reputation

Results According to the survey results, the UAE community is generally accepting of drug addiction rehabilitation centers. Contrary to expectations, the stigma surrounding the rehabilitation center is relatively mild, and the community is eager to use the facility and visit inpatients receiving treatment there.

One of the survey's limitations is that it does not represent all age groups and ethnicities because 91 percent are between the ages of 19 and 39, and 95 percent are of Arab origin.

Furthermore, the study fails to test the self-stigma of drug addicts, as the majority of respondents believe that fear for one's reputation is a major reason for seeking treatment abroad. This could imply that, even if society does not stigmatize them, addicts may experience self-stigma, which may prevent them from seeking treatment within the country or at all.

188

Because other rehabilitation centers have been receiving welling inpatients, it is safe to assume that the rehabilitation center will receive both in and outpatients and will not be completely deserted.

This survey also confirmed that a large portion of the community is willing to assist drug addicts in treatment and reintegrate them into society.

Figure [3-10] Survey respondents’ demographics: Nationality, SurveyMonkey.com

189

Introduction

3.2.1 Program Summary

The project's goals are to design a drug rehabilitation and reintegration center capable of destigmatizing, treating, and reintegrating drug abuse patients into society.

Furthermore, it aims to aid in the prevention of future addiction cases and to raise awareness in the community, particularly among youth. The project's goal is to use architectural design to create an environment that increases patient satisfaction with treatment while decreasing stress. The design will address concerns about the rehabilitation facility's satisfaction, safety, and functionality.

To meet the project objectives, the center should have the following main functions: a treatment area, an educational area, and a public sports and recreational area.

These primary functions necessitate the use of numerous supportive areas such as inpatient accommodations, administrative areas, nurses' areas, utilities, storage areas, technical areas, and so on. The program's functions and areas are based on precedent studies and space standards sources such as Architect's Data (Neufert, et al., 2012).

Top priorities [ frequency / usage ] in drug rehabilitation center

Fitness Center Figure [3-11]

Inpatient

Figure [3-13]

Swimming Pool

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Average

Clinic

Figure [3-15] Size

14000 Sqm

32000 Sqm

36600 Sqm

15%

30%

5%

16.6%

Inpatient

25%

50%

35%

36.6%

24%

No outpatient facilities

35%

19.6%

Administration

30%

10%

15%

18.3%

Entertainment

6%

10%

10%

8.6%

100%

100%

100%

100%

Total

Space

Total area

Percentage

Entertainment

Gathering area Restaurants and cafes

868.80 Sqm

4.573%

Sport

Gymnasium Sports hall Swimming pool

2,628 Sqm

13.832%

Outpatient Figure [3-14]

Inpatient

Housing units

8,658 Sqm

45.152%

Outpatient

Clinics

819.60 Sqm

4.314%

Education

Study room Workshop Theater

Rehabilitation Figure [3-16]

4,160.40 Sqm

21.897%

Administration

Staff room Director room

475.20 Sqm

2.501%

Technical area and utilities

Generator room Transformer room Mechanical room

1,468.80 Sqm

7.731%

19,078.80 Sqm

100%

27533 Sqm

Sport

Outpatient

Zoning

Figure [3-12]

Program comparison between the case analysis Category

My program has been defined based on the case study compassion program and the statics done on people.

Inpatients have the highest percentage of heights, followed by outpatients, entertainment, and other facilities.

Administration Figure [3-17]

Gathering Area Figure [3-18]

The program comparison between the case analysis shows the percentage of each facility within the cases. Generally, the highest facilities are inpatient and outpatient, followed by administration, and finally, sport facilities and entertainment.

Total built-up area Table [3-2]

Table [3-1] 190

Table [3-1], Author

Figure [3-12], [3-13], [3-14], [3-15], [3-16], [3-17], [3-18] Google icons.com

Table [3-2], Author

191

3.2.2 Bubble Diagram

3.3.1 Program Analysis

These bubble diagrams showing the relationships between the spaces as well as the connections between each space and other spaces, indicating which has a strong direct connection and which has a weak connection.

Recreation and leisure Inpatients accomodation

Gym

Sport hall

Tech. room

Sport hall

Theater

Clinics

Weak connection

Study room Workshop

Workshop

Administration

192

Figure [3-19], Author

Study room

Space

Percentage

Gym Figure [3-19]

Area per No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment unit

Entrance

Cafe

Cafe Utilities

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center

Administration, staff, and technical rooms Strong connection

Inpatients

My program has been defined based on the case study compassion program and the statics done on people. The activities are carried out by the activities represented in the case studies and by Neufert's areas.

Clinic

Reception

0.095%

9 Sqm

2

18 Sqm

Visible from the entrance

Waiting area

0.40%

38 Sqm

2

76 Sqm

-

Children playground

0.105%

20 Sqm

1

20 Sqm

Adjacent to the waiting area

Cafe

1.053%

100 Sqm

2

200 Sqm

-

Gift Shop

0.526%

100 Sqm

1

100 Sqm

-

Pharmacy

1.158%

220 Sqm

1

220 Sqm

There is an exterior entrance

Gathering area

0.158%

15 Sqm

2

30 Sqm

-

Prayer room

0.316%

30 Sqm

2

60 Sqm

-

Total area + Circulation Table [3-3]

724 + 20% (circulation) = 868.80 Sqm (4.573%) Table [3-3], Author

193

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center Space

3.3.2 Space Relationship

Percentage

Area per No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment unit

Clinic (outpatients) Consultation room

0.189%

12 Sqm

3

36 Sqm

Treatment room

0.379%

12 Sqm

6

72 Sqm

Therapy rom

0.379%

12 Sqm

6

72 Sqm

Group therapy room

0.426%

27 Sqm

3

81 Sqm

-

Detox

0.147%

14 Sqm

2

28 Sqm

-

Reception

Doctor's room

0.947%

18 Sqm

10

180 Sqm

-

Waiting area

Examination room

0.095%

9 Sqm

2

18 Sqm

-

Patient’s lounge

0.232%

22 Sqm

2

44 Sqm

Next to senior doctor’s office, domestic environment

Staff communication base

0.026%

5 Sqm

1

5 Sqm

-

Nurses workstation

0.132%

25 Sqm

1

25 Sqm

Direct corridor surveillance

Station Pharmacy

0.105%

20 Sqm

1

20 Sqm

-

Clean workroom

0.105%

10 Sqm

2

20 Sqm

-

Entrance

Main Entrance

Reception

Secondary Entrance (Inpatients)

Pharmacy

Waiting area Gathering area Children playground

Cafe Gift shop Prayer room

Pharmacy 2d sketch Cafe 3d sketch 194

Figure [3-20] Figure [3-20], [3-21], pinterest.com

Figure [3-21]

-

Table [3-4] Table [3-4], Author

195

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center Space

Percentage

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center

Area per No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment unit

Space

Percentage

Clinic (outpatients)

Inpatient accommodation

Non-clean workroom

0.105%

10 Sqm

2

20 Sqm

-

Inpatient's room

23.158%

22 Sqm

200

4,400 Sqm

Domestic environment

Plant room

0.042%

8 Sqm

1

8 Sqm

-

Dayroom

3.158%

40 Sqm

20

800 Sqm

Domestic environment

Gathering area

0.158%

15 Sqm

2

30 Sqm

-

Kitchenette

1.184%

15 Sqm

20

300 Sqm

-

Storage

0.126%

12 Sqm

2

24 Sqm

-

Staff room

1.579%

15 Sqm

25

375 Sqm

-

Doctor's room

1.184%

15 Sqm

20

300 Sqm

-

Nurses workstation

1.579%

20 Sqm

20

400 Sqm

Direct corridor surveillance

Cleaning room

0.395%

5 Sqm

20

100 Sqm

-

Storage

0.947%

12 Sqm

20

240 Sqm

-

Gathering area

1.579%

15 Sqm

20

300 Sqm

-

683 + 20% (circulation) = 819.60 Sqm (4.314%)

Total area + Circulation Table [3-5]

Clinic (outpatients)

Doctor's facilities

Doctor's room

Staff facilities

Services

Treatment room

Station pharmacy

Nurses workstation

Therapy room

Plant room

Clean workroom

Group therapy room

Gathering area

Detox

Storage

Consultation room

Table [3-5], Author

Patients facilities

Staff communication base

Non-clean workroom

196

Area per No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment unit

Total area + Circulation

7,215 + 20% (circulation) = 8,658 Sqm (45.152%)

Table [3-6]

Examination room Patient's lounge

Table [3-6], Author

197

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center

Inpatient accommodation Space

Percentage

Area per No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment unit

Administration & Staff area Doctors facilities

Patients facilities

Staff facilities Staff room

Doctor's room

Nurses workstation

Inpatient's room

Kitchenette

Dayroom

Cleaning room

Gathering area

Storage

Examination room 3d sketch

Inpatient's room 3d sketch

Figure [3-23]

Figure [3-22]

Nurses workstation 3d sketch

198

Services

Figure [3-24] Figure [3-22], [3-23], [3-24], [3-25] pinterest.com

Director’s office

0.105%

20 Sqm

1

20 Sqm

-

Secretarial office

0.053%

10 Sqm

1

10 Sqm

-

Administrator’s office

0.079%

15 Sqm

1

15 Sqm

-

Nurse's office

0.105%

20 Sqm

1

20 Sqm

-

Personnel office

0.184%

35 Sqm

1

35 Sqm

-

Meeting room

0.211%

20 Sqm

2

40 Sqm

-

Security control center

0.058%

11 Sqm

1

11 Sqm

-

Archive room

0.211%

40 Sqm

1

40 Sqm

Linked to work area

Printing room

0.032%

6 Sqm

1

6 Sqm

-

Staff Lounge

0.263%

25 Sqm

2

50 Sqm

-

Kitchenette

0.079%

15 Sqm

1

15 Sqm

-

Locker room

0.168%

16 Sqm

2

32 Sqm

-

Table [3-7]

Doctor's room 3d sketch

Figure [3-25]

Table [3-7], Author

199

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center Space

Percentage

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center

Area per No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment unit

Space

Percentage

Area per No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment unit

Public Area

Administration & Staff area Gatthering area

0.158%

15 Sqm

2

30 Sqm

-

Gym

2.632%

250 Sqm

2

500 Sqm

-

Prayer room

0.316%

30 Sqm

2

60 Sqm

-

Restaurant

2.368%

150 Sqm

3

450 Sqm

-

Equipment room

0.063%

12 Sqm

1

12 Sqm

-

Library

0.526%

100 Sqm

1

100 Sqm

-

Salon

0.368%

35 Sqm

2

70 Sqm

-

Sports Hall

2.105%

200 Sqm

2

400 Sqm

-

Swimming pool

2.105%

200 Sqm

2

400 Sqm

-

Supermarket

0.789%

150 Sqm

1

150 Sqm

-

Prayer room

0.316%

30 Sqm

2

60 Sqm

-

Gathering area

0.316%

15 Sqm

4

60 Sqm

-

Total area + Circulation

396 + 20% (circulation) = 475.20 Sqm (2.501%)

Table [3-8]

Administration & Staff area

Director

Administration

Secretarial office

Administrator's office

Meeting room

Personnel office Security control center Printing room

Services Kitchenette Gathering area Prayer room

Total area + Circulation

2,190 + 20% (circulation) = 2,628 Sqm (13.832%)

Table [3-9]

Equipment room

Locker room Staff lounge

200

Table [3-8], Author

Table [3-9], Author

201

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center

Public Area Space

Percentage

Area per unit

No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment

Educational Area Fitness

Food court

Entertainment

Gym

Restaurant

Library

Swimming pool

Supermarket

Salon

Services

Sports hall

Prayer room Gathering area

Theater

13.776%

2,617 Sqm

1

2,617 Sqm

-

Multipurpose Hall

0.316%

60 Sqm

1

60 Sqm

-

Workshop

1.474%

40 Sqm

7

280 Sqm

-

Study room

2.368%

50 Sqm

9

450 Sqm

-

Storage

0.158%

15 Sqm

2

30 Sqm

-

Gathering area

0.158%

15 Sqm

2

30 Sqm

-

Total area + Circulation

3,467 + 20% (circulation) = 4,160.40 Sqm (21.897%)

Table [3-10]

Restaurant 3d sketch Figure [3-26]

Educational Area

Indoor swimming pool 3d sketch Figure [3-27]

Theater

Gym 3d sketch Figure [3-28] 202

Figure [3-26], [3-27], [3-28], [3-29] pinterest.com

Multi-purpose hall

Education

Services

Workshop

Storage

Study room

Gathering area

Library 3d sketch Figure [3-29]

Table [3-10], Author

203

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center

Sketches These sketches depict the layout of the space as well as the relationships between various activities.

Space

Percentage

Area per unit

No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment

Technical Area and Utilities

Workshop 3d sketch Figure [3-30]

Theater section sketch Figure [3-32]

BMS room

0.047%

9 Sqm

1

9 Sqm

Ground floor

Central bed unit

1.842%

350 Sqm

1

350 Sqm

-

Kitchen

1.737%

330 Sqm

1

330 Sqm

-

Laundry

0.842%

160 Sqm

1

160 Sqm

-

Storage

0.263%

50 Sqm

1

50 Sqm

-

Electrical room

0.079%

15 Sqm

1

15 Sqm

Ground floor

Garbage room + chute

0.053%

2 Sqm

5

10 Sqm

All floors

Service Lift

0.189%

12 Sqm

3

36 Sqm

All floors

Mechanical room

0.316%

60 Sqm

1

60 Sqm

Basement

Water pump

0.132%

25 Sqm

1

25 Sqm

Basement

AC equipment

0.132%

25 Sqm

1

25 Sqm

Basement

Generator room

0.132%

25 Sqm

1

25 Sqm

Ground floor, has exterior door

Classroom 3d sketch Figure [3-31]

Multi-purpose hall 3d sketch Figure [3-33]

Table [3-11] 204

Figure [3-30], [3-31], [3-32], [3-33] pinterest.com

Table [3-11], Author

205

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center Space

Percentage

Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center

Area per No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment unit

Space

Percentage

Technical Area and Utilities

No.of Unit Total Sqm Comment

Basement Parking

Transformer room

0.395%

75 Sqm

1

75 Sqm

Ground floor, has exterior door

Telephone room

0.021%

4 Sqm

1

4 Sqm

Ground floor

Water Tank

0.263%

50 Sqm

1

50 Sqm

Basement

Total area + Circulation

Area per unit

Parking

11.25%

Total area + Circulation

15 Sqm

200

3,000 Sqm

-

3,000 + 30% (circulation) = 3,900 Sqm (12.892%)

Total Area

1,224 + 20% (circulation) = 1,468.80 Sqm (7.731%)

Table [3-12]

Administration & Staff area

Built-up area

19,078.80 Sqm

12% Structure

2,289.46 Sqm

Total GSM

21,368.26 Sqm

BMS room

Service lift

Kitchen

Central bed unit

Telephone room

Laundry

Electrical room

Water tank

Storage

73

4.5

Utilities

Technical area

Public Area Technical Area and Utilities Entrance Clinic (outpatients) Administration

2.501% 4.314 %

Inpatient accommodation Educational Area

%

Table [3-13]

1%

3 7.7

45.152% 13.832%

Mechanical room Generator room

AC equipment Water pump 206

Table [3-12], Author

97%

Garbage room + chute

21.8

Transformer room

Chart shows the percentage of each space Figure [3-34] Figure [3-34], Author

Table [3-13], Author

207

3.4 Recommendations Table [2-13]

Entity

Technical recommendation

• •

Entrance

• • • • • • •

Clinic (outpatients)

• • • •

Inpatient accommodation

208 Table [3-14], Author, Neufert

• •

Table [3-14]

Cafes, restaurants, and giftshop To eat comfortably, one person requires a table area that is approximately 60 cm wide and 30-40 cm deep. Although an extra 20 cm in the center for dishes and large bowls is sometimes desirable, an overall width of 80 85 cm is appropriate for a dining table. about fast food, the table depth is 60 cm. Because the chair alone requires a space of 50 cm between the table and the wall, the distance between the table and the wall is 275 cm.

The distance between the table and the wall should be 2100 cm if the space between the table and the wall is also used for access. Round tables require a little more space, up to 50 cm.

The ceiling height should range between 2.5 and 2.75 meters.

1 m wide emergency exits Size of kitchen area: 50 75 m 2 for 150 200 meals.

The minimum storage area size is 20 m.

Near the multipurpose room/cinema Lighting Security Exit & Access Noise Zone.

A single specialist's practice must have a minimum amount of space (approx. 150 sqm) and functions separated into rooms that are differentiated and extended based on specialty. There is a clear distinction between the patient and staff areas. A waiting area with a cloakroom and WC is located near the entrance, and the doctor's area with a consultation room is located near the waiting area. The treatment room and laboratory are right next to each other. A separate diagnostic zone and an extension of the consultation and examination area for repeated treatments are both reasonable.

The number and size of the rooms are determined by the doctor's specific specialist qualifications.

The program is completed by patient WCs, staff changing rooms with WCs, and a staff lounge. Separate children's play areas in the waiting area can be a good idea.

Neufert standard dimensions for a doctor's room are (4x2.5), implying a 10 sqm area.

The ward entrance lobby must be visible from the glazed nurses' station, and pharmaceutical stores and washrooms must be easy to reach. Patient supply logistics necessitate centrally located supply and waste disposal rooms for medication, laundry, waste, and catering.

Each patient room should have its wet cell with a WC, washbasin, and occasionally a shower, though these can also be divided into shower rooms.

The wet cells should be accessible to people with disabilities. The heights of the vanity unit and WC are critical (the vanity unit must be at least 86 cm for wheelchairs to fit underneath). The WC for wheelchair users should be approximately 49 cm high, i.e. the top level of the toilet seat.

Each ward should also have staff, visitors, and wheelchair-accessible restrooms.

Entity

Technical recommendation • • •

Administration

• • • • • • •

•

•

Public area

• •

• •

Table [3-15]

[Neufert]: The director's office should be between 20 and 25 Sqm in size, with a private closed plan.

Single and double room offices are arranged in rows along an artificially lit corridor; windows are required, and the occupancy of this office ranges from 2 to 3 people.

Screed bonded to the slab is good for sound insulation and has an integrated cable duct for the ceiling and floor.

A suspended ceiling is advised.

Height range: 2.5 to 4 Sqm. The meeting room is largely enclosed by a full-height wall.

The acoustical requirement [acoustical ceiling] is required.

Window placement should be taken into account.

Open plan office: a large office that requires artificial lighting and ventilation.

Should take into account human movement between offices and calculate the area per person. [The Neufert standard for a single-person workstation is between 5.4 and 6 Sqm].

The minimum room size for 40-45 people is 200 m2, with a clear ceiling height of 3.0 m in all rooms. Conditioning and fitness rooms should be 6 m wide in general to allow for an optimal arrangement of machines in two rows.

The length of the room is 15 meters; otherwise, there is no view while training. 9 The smallest room unit, measuring 40 m 2, can accommodate 12 people.

Flooring: A good quality rubber flooring can help to reduce noise while also being easier to clean and more hygienic than carpet.

Walls: Compared to wall coverings, quality, washable paint is less expensive and easier to clean. Because of the equipment, only a small portion of the wall surface will be visible. Mirrors visually expand the space while also allowing you to check your lifting technique and form. Bright colors, eye-catching patterns, and even white are advised. Red is perceived negatively as increasing blood pressure and heat perception.

Good ventilation reduces the heat and odors associated with exercise. It improves the feeling of cleanliness and comfort.

Natural lighting is used.

Table [3-15], Author, Neufert

209

Entity

Technical recommendation • •

Educational area

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Parking • • • •

210 Table [3-16], Author, Neufert

Table [3-16]

[Neufert] The workshop will be for model or painting work. Sculpture Sculpture machines such as paint, cork, and laser cutter will be used.

Due to the use of laser machines, this workshop will undoubtedly require ventilation and soundproofing. The preparation room is required to store materials such as pigment, carton, and cork and to be used as a room for color preparation and model cutting.

There must be a washbasin.

Large machines for 3D cut models should be accommodated on the floor.

Height should be +2 m 2 between [3 m 2 and 10 m 2].

A preparation area [production area] of [20 m 2 to 45 m 2] should be provided.

Theater: Except for emergency lighting, this should not receive any incoming light. The walls and ceilings should be made of non-reflective materials in dark colors.

The audience should sit on the periphery of the stage. screen. The angle of view from the first row of seats The distance from the center of the image should not be more than 30.

The minimum height for a double is 7 meters.

The projection screen's minimum distance from the wall is A large projection of 1 2 m.

There is no light.

Non-reflective materials are used for the walls and ceilings.

3.5 Estimated Budget According to Arabian Business (2017), the average cost for a single square meter in the UAE is $1,726 (6339.94 Emirati Dirhams for average quality). The approximate gross area of the drug addiction rehabilitation center is 23,000 m² (rounded to the nearest thousand). This equates to a total construction cost of about 145,818,620 AED. This does not, however, include earthwork and landscaping.

Conclusion The program is finalized [zoning function area dimension], defining each area with the Furnishings / Equipment and design consideration and recommendations at the end of this chapter.

The loading zone should only be used for loading.

Pedestrians should be wide enough to accommodate people in the dropoff area.

Direction: Horizontal circulation: corridors, atria, paths, entries, and exits are examples of horizontal circulation. It is also influenced by the layout of the furniture and other objects in the space, such as columns, trees, or topographic changes.

Stairs, lifts, ramps, ladders, and other vertical circulation devices Public circulation refers to the areas of the building that are the most widely and easily accessible. [Administration] Private circulation accounts for the more intimate movements within the building, as well as the more unsightly ones that necessitate some privacy.

[Library] WC

https://www.arabianbusiness.com/lists/2017

211

04

Site Selection

4.1 Location and Site Description 4.2 Ajman Urban Development Strategy 2030 4.3 Case Studies Comparison 4.4 Selected Zone Criteria 4.5 Site Selection Criteria

212

213

Introduction The goal of this chapter is to select the location of the zone and the plot of land for the project's development.

The selection will be made based on the selection criteria specified in the analysis of the previous case studies, first on importance, and then on what is commensurate with the culture of the UAE society.

The project site should meet the following criteria: • It should be easily accessible to the community.

• It should adhere to Ajman Municipality's zoning regulations.

• It should be near mixed-use areas.

• It should be located in an area where users can enjoy the environment and nature.

Since the surrounding environment is the most important factor in the healing journey, and this has been addressed in previous analyses and studies, the area will be chosen based on the influencing surrounding factors first and foremost.

214

Figure [4-1] http://www.press-release.ru/branches

215

4.1 Location and Site Description General informations About Ajman : Country: United Arab Emirates Religion: Muslims Currency: Dirham UAE Area : 260 Sq. km The Emirate of Ajman is divided into three distinct areas, each with its distinct terrain and proximity to or beyond the coast of the Arabian Gulf Gulf: • Ajman City.

• Masfot Manama City Area.

4.1.1 In terms of population

The city has more than 90% of the emirate's population.

The area connects directly to Sharjah. along the coast to the southwest, which is followed by, it is adjacent to Dubai and forms a continuous urban area.

4.1.2 In terms of Commercial

Ajman is home to the Ruler's office, companies, commercial markets, and approximately 50 international and local businesses.

Retail establishments Emirates National has banking interests.

Ajman Bank, Arab Bank PLC, Bank of Dubai Saderat Iran, and the Commercial Bank of Dubai Ajman are partners.

Also the location of the fishing industry Seafood Importers/Exporters in UAE Shopping Malls Ajman China Mall and Ajman City Centre.

216 Figure [4-2], https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajman

"Ajman Free Zone" UAEFreeZones.com. Retrieved 30 November 2014, Ajman Free Zone Archived April 18 , 2008 , at the Wayback Machine.

217

4.1.3 In terms of Tourism

Ajman is growing, and the areas that are attracting more visitors are hotels and cultural attractions such as the Ajman National Museum, as well as the Red Fort.

Ajman Corniche is also a popular vacation spot for local families, as well as many cafes and booths.

4.1.4 In terms of Climate

The Emirates climate is characterized by moderation, with average temperatures and humidity rising in the summer and falling in the winter.

4.1.5 In terms of Transportation

Ajman's natural port (or Khor) is located along a natural creek that runs through the town.

Arab Heavy Industries is also based in Ajman. one of the world's largest shipbuilding companies firms The emirate's main airport is located in the enclave.

Manama, about 60 kilometers east of the city, thus in one of the emirate's most remote regions.

However, Sharjah International Airport is only a short distance away, a few kilometers away.

218

"Ajman Free Zone" UAEFreeZones.com. Retrieved 30 November 2014, Ajman Free Zone Archived April 18 , 2008 , at the Wayback Machine.

Figure [4-3] https://www.traveldailymedia.com/ajman-uae-wants-a-piece-of-the-uk-travel-trade-pie/

219

4.2.2 Ajman Urban development strategy 2030 To Umm Al Quwain / Ras Al Khaimah

4.2 Ajman Urban Development Strategy 2030

To Ras Al Khaimah

Arabian Gulf The total area of the city of Ajman's urban area is 142 Km2, with the current urban structure of the built-up area occupying approximately 40% of the total area of the city, urban projects and approved divisions accounting for approximately 20%, and the remaining for future development accounting for approximately 40% of the total area of the city, which is equivalent to the area of the current city.

• • •

To Sharjah

In accordance with the Ajman Urban Development Strategy 2030, these areas will be developed from residential, urban, and cultural centers and green areas in Ajman.

Many hospitals and medical centers lack both convenience and accessibility areas.

According to the Ajman plan, the year 2030 will determine the ideal locations for each of the residential, commercial, governmental, and health services, as well as the ease of providing the greatest number of services in every location in Ajman and its accessibility.

To Dubai by Pass To Sharjah / Dubai

Figure [4-4]

To Sharjah / Dubai Urban Centers

Growth Centers

Residential area

C.B.D

Regional center (R.G.C)

Residential

Downtown (O.D.T)

Innovation center (I.C)

Nationals residential Eco-Tourism residential

Community center (C.C)

Mixed uses: Residential Commercial

4.2.1 Land available for development 4.2.2 Ajman Urban development strategy 2030

Park Ways Tourism - Parks Green ways Open spaces

City boundary Built-up area Committed developments Farm lands Undeveloped

Industrial Area Industrial area Mixes uses: Industrial Commerial

Community, Facilities & Utilities Utilities Institutional - Public services Cultural Center

Transport Corridors (TC) High-way (Emirates road) Major Arteries Arteries Collectors Figure [4-3]

Public Transit Substations Ajman Port

220 Figure [4-3] Ajman Municipality, Ajman 2030 vision

Figure [4-4] Ajman Municipality, Ajman 2030 vision

221

N 4.3 Case Studies Comparison (site comparison)

N

There are several factors that affect the criteria for selecting a site for a Drug Rehabilitation Center: • • • • • • • • • •

Location Area Topography Accessibility Site orientation Traffic flow Density Visibility Noise Existing facilities

Figure [4-6]

0

4.3.1 Site reference zoning / Case studies

Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital meter 0 10 20 30

10

20

30

meter

Storstorm Prison, Denmark

N

Figure [4-5]

Table [4-1]

Criteria

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Location

Netherlands

Denmark

UAE

Area

14,000 Sqm

32,000 Sqm

36,600 Sqm

Accessibility

1 Main gate

1 Main gate

1 Main gate

Site orientation

North-west

North-west

North-east Figure [4-7]

222

Zone

Education

Agricultural areas

Governmental

Traffic

Moderate

Moderate

Fast

Figure [4-5] https://www.kmdarchitects.com/al-amal

Table [4-1], Author

0

10

20

30

meter

Groot Klimmendaal Rehabilitation Center, Netherlands Figure [4-7], https://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen Figure [4-6], https://www.archdaily.com/885376/storstrom-prison-cf-moller?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

223

4.3 Zone Selection / Zone Potential

4.3.1 Zone Selection Criteria

Location

Zone 1 It's a tourist and recreation district with hotels, restaurants, and sports facilities. The area has a low population density and consists of low to medium-rise buildings with some townhouses. The area is near to the city center, and according to the Ajman 2030 vision, will be a tourism area.

Zone 2 It's an educational district with a low population density with a mix of medium to high-rise buildings. The area is far from the city center, and according to the Ajman 2030 vision, will be mixed-use: Residential - Commercial.

Zone 3 It's an Eco-Tourism residential district with a low population density with a mix of low to high-rise buildings. The area is far from the city center, and according to the Ajman 2030 vision, will be Eco-Tourism residential and Nationals residential.

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Location

Al Zorah

Al Tallah 2

Al Hileo

Accessibility

2 Suggests accesses

2 Suggests accesses

2 Suggests accesses

Density

0.0

0.0

1017.7 person for each Sq. km

Zone orientation

Northwest

Toward South

Northeast

Criteria Figure [4-8]

• • •

Zone 1: Al Zorah [Tourist area] Zone 2: The intersection of Al Ittihad Street and University Street [Nationals residential area] Zone 3: Al Tallah 2 [Mixed uses: Residential - Commercial area].

Zone 1 Al Zorah

Figure [4-9]

Zone 2 Al Tallah 2

224 Figure [4-8], [4-9], [4-10], [4-11] Ajman Municipality, Ajman 2030 vision

Figure [4-10]

Zone 3 Al Hileo

Figure [4-11]

Zone

Table [4-2]

Future extension

Tourism

Traffic

Moderate

Mixed uses: Residential Eco-Tourism residential - Commercial Fast

Fast Table [4-2], Author

225

4.3.2 Zone Comparison Criteria

4.3.3 Observation Table [4-3]

Zone Criteria

Zone 1 Weight

Zone 2

Zone 3

Percentage

Weight

Percentage

Weight

Percentage

Easy traffic flow

9

90%

5

50%

8

80%

Surroundings environment

9

90%

5

50%

9

90%

Program fitting

8

80%

5

50%

7

70%

Available of land

8

80%

5

50%

3

30%

Accessibility

8

80%

9

90%

9

90%

Security

7

70%

5

50%

8

80%

Existing facilities

6

60%

5

50%

7

70%

Density of population

5

50%

5

50%

7

70%

Noise

5

50%

7

70%

7

70%

Land use

6

60%

5

50%

8

80%

•

Zone 1: the majority of the percentage is allocated to program fitting and the surrounding environment; as the table shows, the accessibility of this zone is obvious, but it is invisible from the outside. The zone may be beneficial psychologically, as it is a quiet and comfortable place for the eye, giving the impression of calm and tranquillity, but according to the vision of Ajman 2030, it is a tourist destination and the type of hospitals and health centers that will be at the city level in this area, so we need to develop the project in an area with health facilities at the regional level.

•

Zone 2: Located in an educational area far from the city center; it is distinguished by its ease of access from all four directions and its next to the Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed road, which connects all Emarites.

•

Zone 3: It is an Eco-Tourism residential and mixed-use (residential - commercial) area, there is a local road connecting the site with Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed road the pass to Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah, and Dubai, and it is also near Emirates road as accessibility it is located in a strong area that connects Ajman with the entire Emirates, as characteristic, the zone is classified as a regional level regards hospital and health centers The zone selection table [4-3] shows that the sum of the points from the major factors results in zone 3 in Hileo, Ajman City being the highest and most suitable zone for the proposed project.

Figure [4-12]

Avarage 226

Table [4-3], Author

7.1

71%

5.6

56%

7.3

73% Figure [4-12], Ajman Municipality, Ajman 2030 vision

227

4.4 Zone Selection Criteria Based on previous criteria, the selected area is Al-Hileo.

The neighborhood is located close to Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Road and Emirates Road, which makes it accessible to the community as it is the route to the Northern Emirates. Furthermore, it is far from the city center, as well as mixed-use areas, which puts the Rehabilitation Center out of sight.

Perhaps the most important feature of this location is that it is located in the area of ​​regional centers and hospitals, based on what is specified in Ajman 2030 vision.

Based on the previous studies and statistics, the surrounding environment is the first and essential factor in the journey of recovery, as it greatly affects the patient’s psyche and the rate of response to treatment, and this is what is provided in the region because 70% of the area farms and have a low population density.

As a result of these considerations, the Al Hileo area was chosen as the best option for future urban developments also according to its accessibility from other Emirates.

At the urban level, Al Helio is a residential area for eco-tourism based on the Ajman 2030 vision and is considered the quietest and most out-of-sight area in Ajman.

228

Figure [4-13], Google Earth

229

4.5.1 Site Selection Site 1

N

Secondary road Local road Hot Winds

4.5.2 Site Selection Criteria Table [4-4]

Cool Winds Sun Path Site Residential Farm Figure [4-14]

Site 2

0

10

20

30

meter

N

Hot Winds • • •

Winds low Worm temperature Northwest direction

Cool Winds • • •

Figure [4-15]

Site 3

0

10

20

30

meter

N

Winds high Hot temperature Southeast direction

Site

Site 1

Site 2

Plot area

50,000 Sqm

62,488 Sqm

Plot shape

Rectangle

Hexagonal

Pentagonal

Accessibility

2 Suggests accesses

3 Suggests accesses

1 Suggests accesses

Surrounding

Residential - Farms

Farms

Residential - Farms

Visibility from outside

Invisible

Invisible

Invisible

Site orientation

Northeast

Toward North

Northeast

Topography

Flat ground

Flat ground

Flat ground

Traffic

Low

Moderate to low

Criteria

Site 3 40,500 Sqm

Moderate to low

Figure [4-16] 230

Figure [4-14], [4-15], [4-16] Google Earth 0

10

20

30

meter

Table [4-4], Author

231

4.5.3 Contextual Analysis (suuroundings)

Numan Bin Almuqren Mosque

Al Maha Village scheme Al Rasikhoon Real Estate

Site Selection 232

Figure [4-17], Google Earth

MH Stable 233

4.5.4 Site Comparison Criteria

4.5.5 Observation Table [4-5]

Site Criteria

234

Zone 1 Weight

Zone 2

Zone 3

Percentage

Weight

Percentage

Weight

Percentage

Easy traffic flow

9

90%

7

70%

7

70%

Visibility from outside

5

50%

8

80%

5

50%

Shape of the plot

7

70%

9

90%

6

60%

Area

8

80%

9

90%

7

70%

Accessibility

7

70%

9

90%

5

50%

Typology of surrounding

7

70%

7

70%

7

70%

Existing facilities

7

70%

8

80%

6

60%

Density of population

6

60%

6

60%

5

50%

Noise

6

60%

7

70%

5

50%

Site orientation

7

70%

6

60%

7

70%

Avarage

6.9

69%

7.6

76%

6

60%

Table [4-3], Author

•

Site 1: Site 1 is surrounded by a local residential area and farms; it is located in the heart of the Al Hileo area, which is hidden and not visible from the outside. This is a critical point in the development of the Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center in Arab society.

The vast majority of patients prefer to visit this type of facility in private. This site achieves a high level of privacy, but it is difficult to access. Local roads connect to the site, making it accessible.

•

Site 2: Site 2 is surrounded only by farms, making it the best among other sites in terms of privacy and that it does not directly overlook residential areas, giving patients a sense of safety that they are out of sight, and also the farms surrounded by the site give a sense of calm and comfort, which is one of the basic criteria in choosing the site based on prior studies. In terms of accessibility, the location is located between two clear local streets, as well as at the intersection of Al Hileo and Al Zahya streets, making it one of the best locations compared to the rest.

•

Site 3: Site 3 is surrounded by a local residential area and farms; It is located on the outskirts of the Helio area and is somewhat visible from the outside. This site achieves a good level of privacy. Access is provided by one secondary road, and local roads connect to the site, making it convenient to reach.

235

Conclusion After analyzing the selected zones and taking into consideration the requirements, the project zone was determined based on the criteria that were taken into consideration to achieve the project's goals, and based on what was inferred from previous studies, zone 3 was chosen as a result. The site was chosen based on the previous most successful criteria and the highest points of the criteria against which the three were compared. The sites are linked, with the highest point going to Site 2, which is located on the outskirts of Al Hileo.

According to Ajman's 2030 vision, Al Hileo will be an Eco-Tourism residential area, but it is one of the quietest and out of sight areas in Ajman. Based on the case studies conducted in the case studies, the majority of the examples are located near the city center, with one exception located far from the city due to its name "a prison", to ensure the population's safety.

There is no doubt that the problem of addiction is serious, and we must always fear it; however, due to the differences in cultures and beliefs from one country to another, we are ultimately working to develop a Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center in an Arab country, and stigma still surrounds this problem from all sides, and everyone is still afraid of them and avoiding them.

Based on the project's objectives, the most appropriate location was chosen that meets the majority of the criteria that are commensurate with the UAE society, so a location is out of sight and one of the quietest places in Ajman was chosen, taking into consideration the surrounding environment that meets the patient's psychological needs. And, as previously stated, working on the patient's psyche is the main reason for his recovery, and this is what will be reflected in the architectural design of the building to reflect the idea of providing a helping hand from nature to man.

236

Figure [4-18] Google Earth

237

05

Concept

5.1 Approaches of Concept 5.2 Function 5.3 Concept (scenarios) 5.4 Observations

238

239

Introduction The design process begins with dissecting the site and comprehending the opportunities and challenges it presents. The site has beautiful views, and having a rough idea of the site's various entrances helps to create an image of what the building's footprint will look like. Furthermore, the shape and dimensions of the site dictate the main circulation axis of the building. Furthermore, the data collected makes it easier to determine the layering of functions and the structure of the building.

The project's main goal is to provide an appealing environment for both the community and the patients while also protecting the patients' privacy. The concept revolves around the creation of smaller wards and semi-enclosed courtyards, both of which are critical in creating a comfortable atmosphere in the building. It also addresses an important consideration, which is to provide ample light and views of natural elements to the inpatient. Details that can significantly reduce mental distress and increase psychological well-being.

240

Figure [5-1], https://www.behance.net/gallery/81449269/Childrens-Rehabilitation-Center

241

5.1 Approaches of Concept

5.1.1 Contextual

The Architect is expected to create a synthesis of various areas. During the early stages of design, the Architect must clarify his attitude toward the production of the built environment by developing his concept. The areas taken into account may be drawn on throughout the project and weaved into one another as the project progresses. The feature can be classified as follows: • Contextual • Functional Climate • Conceptual Temperature • Technology Sun Site • Philosophical Wind Shape Humidity Topography Road View

5.1.1.1 Site orientation

Site Site

Proposed site Future expansion Secondary road Local road Hot Winds Cool Winds

Scale Volumes Color Size Texture

Interior Form

Exterior Form

Figure [5-3]

0

10

20

30

meter

1. The size is appropriate and may be suggested for the program.

2. Since the site is easily accessible, it attracts a large number of visitors from all over Sharjah and Dubai.

3. The site is surrounded by farms and local residential area.

4. The plot is easily accessible because it is close to one of the city's main roads.

Unity Rhythm Balance Variety

5.1.1.2 History of the area

Site

Building Height Form Color

Program

Program Client 242

N

Budget Schedule Vision

Program User

Gender Culture Social

Functions Space Area Relations

Figure [5-2]

Sketch of the shapes of the houses and farms in the surrounding area.

The houses are built in the traditional Emirati style.

Figure [5-4]

Figure [5-2], Author

Table [5-3], Google Maps

243

5.2 Functional

5.3 Conceptual

Type & space

5.3.1 Philosophical

•

The project's concept is based on Michelangelo's famous painting "The Creation of Adam," which is the most famous section of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Far from the literal concept of the painting, what was extracted from it is the idea of providing a helping hand to a person in need, as we see in the Figure [5-6] that the right hand extends to rescue an unknown person from loss, and this summarizes the goal of developing the Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center to try as much as possible to help these people from losing their lives and drawing for them the first steps of their new life by treating them and making them feel better.

The shape of the project is inspired by Michelangelo's famous painting "The Creation of Adam," and it was also inspired by Frank Gehry, who inspired his latest designs LUMA Arles tower by Vincent Van Gogh's painting "The starry night," and Mies Van De Rohe, who inspired the plan of the Barcelona Pavilion by Theo Van Doesburg's famous painting "Rhythm of a Russian dance," where the main thing was in focus in how to connect the idea of reflecting the idea of In this concept, I attempted to meet as many criteria as possible while also having a modern form to precede the 2030 Ajman vision as well as existing sketches that could aid in representing the project.

Most of the facilities in the project will be separated so that each facility has its own services that reflect privacy, which is one of the most important criteria that must be applied in the center's design.

• • • • • •

According to the physical environment, the addiction rehabilitation center will be built in the form of clustered masses or centralized to give autonomy and integration to each entity in the program.

Natural lighting is preferable to artificial lighting in patients' rooms, libraries, and workshops, and this environment will increase user efficiency.

Inpatient housing should be located in a convenient location so that outpatients and visitors are not crowded.

Inpatient care should be provided to provide them with a comfortable environment in which to recover.

Outpatients must be able to complete their treatments and leave without having any direct contact with inpatients.

Landscaping areas should be well-designed to reflect the stunning views of the surrounding farms and environment.

To ensure the privacy of all facilities, a private outdoor patio must be provided.

Public area Inpatients

Admin

Proposed site Future expansion Secondary road Local road Vehicle entrance Pedestrian path Hot Winds Cool Winds

N

Outpatients

Educational area

Future expansion

Figure [5-6] Figure [5-5] 244

Figure [5-5], Author

0

10

20

30

meter

Table [5-6], http://www.italianrenaissance.org/michelangelo-creation-of-adam/

245

Spine

5.3.1 Scenario

Figure [5-12]

5.3.1.1 First scenario

Administration

Clustered masses Figure [5-13]

Outpatients Figure [5-7]

1. Plot layout (doubled)

Figure [5-8]

2. Divide the shape into different masses

Figure [5-14]

1 Inpatients

3. Masses with spine

Figure [5-9]

4. Classify each mass

Figure [5-10]

Figure [5-15]

Public area

Figure [5-16]

Educational area Figure [5-11] Figure [5-17]

246

5. Circulation

Figure [5-7], [5-8], [5-9], [5-10], [5-11] Author

Table [5-12], [5-13], [5-14], [5-15], [5-16], [5-17] Author

247

5.3.1.2 Scenario 2 Centralized masses

Spine

Figure [5-22]

Administration Figure [5-18]

1. Combined the two masses that were inspired by the plot layout and mirrored with different scales.

Figure [5-19]

2. the spine was added to connect the two masses.

Figure [5-23]

Inpatients

Figure [5-24]

Outpatients

3. Classify each mass

Figure [5-20]

4. Circulation

Figure [5-21]

Public area and Educational area

Figure [5-25] 248

Figure [5-18], [5-19], [5-20], [5-21] Author

Table [5-22], [5-23], [5-24], [5-25] Author

249

5.3.1.3 Heights Scenario 1

G+1

G+2

G+1

G+2

5.4 Observations

G+1

Scenario 1 The layout of the plot of land, the topography of the surrounding areas, and the shape of "The Creation of Adam" layout all inspired the first scenario. It also reflects the philosophical idea of creating clustered masses that present security by having each facility in a different mass with its own services, entrances, and courtyards and having two spines connecting the masses in order to have easy circulation between the masses and shading gathering areas while taking the users' safety and privacy into consideration.

Figure [5-26]

Double height

G+1

Double height G + double height

Double height

Scenario 2

Ground floor

Scenario 2 In the second scenario, the inpatient accommodation is separated from the rest of the facilities, with the only connection to the other masses being the spine, which provides good security and privacy, and the mass is combined with the rest of the facilities. This scenario provides less privacy for the other facilities while increasing the number of courtyards for each space. This scenario also depicts the concepts of security, privacy, and entity, which were inspired by the famous painting "The Creation of Adam."

Figure [5-27]

G+1

250

Figure [5-26], [5-27] Author

G+2

251

Conclusion This investigation aims to raise awareness innovatively while also reflecting the project's goal architecturally.

View issues as a global term because it helps to understand it better and clarify the program of this center by outlining how it integrates with the design of buildings and how it enhances the expression of architecture, as well as to organize the future developments required to achieve the project's goal.

This center represents what the future requires because it is about changing a person's entire life. After all, they were able to challenge their lust and create a new future.

252

Figure [5-28], http://www.italianrenaissance.org/michelangelo-creation-of-adam/

253

VII

CONCLUSION

Each year, the issue of drug abuse and addiction claims more lives in the UAE. The Federal National Council expressed the need for more drug addiction rehabilitation centers. This book chronicles the architectural design of a Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Multiple methods were used to answer the various questions that plagued the design of the center, including precedent studies, site analysis, a literature review, and a survey of the UAE community.

Groot Klimmendaal Rehabilitation Center in the Netherlands, Storstorm Prison in Denmark, and Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital in the UAE were the precedent cases studied. Though some of them did not directly relate to the function of the design project, they provided important lessons about the role of design in mental health.

Some precedent study implementations include: minimizing the institutionalized appearance of the building, including community-accessible recreational facilities, workshops, and classrooms, integrating natural daylight through design, incorporating spirituality as part of the healing process, using colors, natural elements, and art, accommodating patients in private rooms, dividing patients rooms into smaller wards, and maximizing staff surveillance.

The selected zone is an undeveloped farm and local residential area in Ajman's eastern outskirts. The site, on the other hand, presents numerous design challenges. First and foremost, farms occupy the majority of the zone. Second, due to the lack of development around it, predicting its surrounding environment is speculative. Finally, the lack of development of transportation infrastructure, particularly most roads, makes it difficult to predict that it will remain unchanged in the near future. Its location between Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Road and Emirates Road, for example, makes it easily accessible, and it is surrounded by naturally grown greenery.

The literature review covered a wide range of topics. It began by defining addiction, its causes, and treatment, emphasizing the importance of social connection in the prevention of addiction and relapse. It also addresses the stigma associated with the subject. After covering the subject's background, it begins digesting drug addiction rehabilitation center as a type of building, its historical development, and many features and elements that contribute to its success in reducing the stress of its users, such as; homelike characteristics, private patient rooms, sports, and recreational facilities, small patients' wards, furniture arrangement, daylight exposure, natural views, noise reduction, art, color, smoking rooms, daycare facilities, and daycare facilities. The literature then delves deeper into ergonomics and space standards related to the building's functions.

254

The fourth chapter discusses site selection, which is based on comparisons of three zones chosen according to the Ajman 2030 vision, and after selecting the best zone based on the criteria extracted from the precedent studies, Al Hileo, three sites were identified in this zone and compared through accessibility, surroundings, traffic, topography, and visibility from outside the zone. Following the selection of the site based on the highest score obtained through the percentages of the criteria with which it was compared.

The survey, titled UAE Community Attitudes Toward Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Centers, was administered to 100 UAE citizens and residents. The survey included ten multiple-choice questions, the first three of which were demographic questions about nationality, age, and gender. The remaining questions focused on the participants' attitudes and beliefs about addiction treatment centers. According to the survey results, the UAE community is generally accepting of drug addiction rehabilitation centers. Contrary to expectations, the stigma surrounding the rehabilitation center is relatively mild, and the community is eager to use the facility and visit inpatients receiving treatment there. However, the study fails to test the self-stigma of drug addicts, as the majority of respondents believe that fear of repercussions is a major reason for seeking treatment abroad. This could imply that the addicts themselves are suffering from self-stigma, which may prevent them from seeking treatment within the country or at all.

The program was developed with the assistance of a literature review and precedent studies. The program is divided into eight major sections: the entrance, clinic, inpatient accommodation, administration, educational area, utilities, and technical area, and public amenities. The parking area is expected to be around 23,000 m2, with a construction cost of approximately 146 million AED. Eventually, the design phase begins with a focus on the views provided by the site and its access points. Furthermore, the data collected made it easier to determine the layering of functions and the structure of the building. The idea in the first scenario was to create a clustered form with semi-enclosed courtyards to provide sufficient privacy for each building. the second scenario presented the buildings as wings with a spine connecting the main buildings, this idea was inspired by Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital, each building serves a distinct purpose and has its own courtyard. Both scenarios are also addressed an important consideration, which is to provide ample light and views of natural elements to the inpatient. Important details can significantly reduce mental distress and increase psychological well-being.

255

VIII

APPENDIX

UAE Community Attitudes towards Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Centers Survey 1.

• • •

Nationality GCC National Arab National Other

2.

• • • • •

Age group 15 - 18 19 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50+

3. Sex • Male • Female

8. If your relative is receiving treatment at the rehabilitation center, will you attend family therapy sessions?

• Yes • No • Maybe 9. If you have a relative who suffers from drug addiction, will you suggest receiving treatment in the country?

• Yes • No • I don’t know 10. What do you think is the reason why some drug addicts prefer receiving treatment abroad?

• Poor medical care in the country • Fear for reputation • Legal Consequences • Lack of drug addiction rehabilitation centers • Breaching the patient’s confidentiality • High prices of treatment • Other (please specify)

4. Are you aware of any drug addiction rehabilitation centers in the UAE? • Yes • No 5.

• • •

What’s your attitude towards living near a drug addiction rehabilitation center?

I don’t mind I object Not sure

6. Will you use the amenities provided by the rehabilitation center (Gym, Swimming pool, restaurant, etc.) if it was available to the public?

• Yes • No • Maybe 7. Will you visit a relative or a friend receiving treatment at an addiction rehabilitation center?

• Yes • No • Maybe

256

257

IX

DATA COLLECTION

258

Figure [1], Body measurements, Architect's Data

Figure [2], Disabled Measurements, https://static.un.org

259

Figure [5], Psychiatric ward

Figure [6], Nurses work area

Figure [4] Patient rooms layout

Figure [3], Standards

260

Figure [3],[4], Architect's Data

Figure [7], Patient ward

Figure [5], [6], [7], Architect's Data

261

Figure [9], Consulting room Figure [12], Administration Area

Figure [8], Patient room equipment

Figure [10], Kitchenette space requirements

Figure [13], Open plan office sizes table

Figure [11], Staffing per inpatients 262

Figure [8],[11], Architect's Data

Figure [9],[10], HBN 00-03

Figure [12], [13], HBN 00-03

263

Figure [20], Fitness room plan

Figure [15], Space requirements for staff communication base

Figure [14], Single-person office Figure [22], Swimming pool

Figure [21], Changing room layout Figure [16], Pantry

Figure [17], Pharmacy for medium sized hospital

Figure [18], Clean supply room Figure [23], Seminar room

264

Figure [19], Central Bed unit

Figure [17],[19], HBN 00-03

Figure [14], [15], [16], [18] Architect's Data

Figure [24], Space requirements for seminar activities

Figure [20], [21], [22], Architect's Data

Figure [23], [24], HBN 00-03

265

X

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