A look into electric mobility www.bcn.cat/livebarcelona
April 2011 Number 1
Plug-in to Barcelona
Production: Ara Llibres, s.c.c.l. www.arallibres.cat Contents coordination: Live Barcelona www.bcn.cat/livebarcelona Domentary sources: L’estratègia d’impuls del vehicle elèctric a Catalunya 2010-2015 (ICAEN, 2010). P. 10, 11, 17, 18, 29 and 30 Els reptes industrials del vehicle verd a Catalunya. Damià Martín, Tomàs Megía (Generalitat de Catalunya, 2010). P.20, 21, 22 and 23 Photography: Raimon Solà photography studio, cover and p.26; Barcelona city council, p. 9,13, 16, 22, 28, 29, 31 and 32; Seat, p.18 and 19; Nissan, p.19; Rieju, S.A, p.19; Urbaser and Sece, p. 30; Siemens, p. 31; Shutterstock, p. 2, 21 and p. 29; Thinkstock, p. 10. Print: Cevagraf S.C.C.L. Legal deposit: B-14562-2011 Edition:
Barcelona Town Council
Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving Ministry of Industry Tourism and Commerce
In collaboration with:
Catalonian Institute of Energy (ICAEN) The Generalitat of Catalonia
ic lectr The e le in c vehi lona, e c r a B a loni Cata n i Spa and
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Editorial
Interview Jordi Wiliam Carnes, Firts Deputy Mayor of Barcelona´s City council Barcelona, electric mobility innovation hub
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Interview Maite Masià i Ayala, ICAEN Manager (Catalonia’s Instute of Energy) “Electric vehicle promotion is a national objective”
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Entrevista Alfonso Beltrán, IDAE Managing Director “2011 year of the electric vehicle release”
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Who helps in introducing these electric cars?
a’s elon g c r a B n argi rech struca infr e r tu
The ric t elec ity l i mob nt e m g se
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The electrical vehicle plugged to the grid
Opinion Susana Bañares, Demand Side Management Red Eléctrica Española
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Pioneer cities in creating a national network
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Barcelona deploys the recharge points
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Opinion Àngel López, Barcelona’s Council Mobility Services Manager
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Challenges of normalization and standardization in electric vehicle deployment
The electric vehicle and the Catalonian industry Electric vehicle production capacity
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Interview Antonio Martínez, Catalonia’s Energy Research Institute Director (IREC) IREC, an example of knowledge transference
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OpiniON Santi Castellà, Seat’s Electromobility Officer
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State of the art technology in urban mobility
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Join the agenda
ic lectr The e le in c vehi lona, e Barc onia l a Cat n Spai a nd
EDITORIAL A century later, the electric car resurrects and is seen by the world as an opportunity to the big environmental, energetic and industrial challenges of our society.
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lectric mobility can help in reducing the CO2 emissions, reduce energetic dependency and improve efficiency; its expansion contributes in developing a more sustainable economy, based upon innovation and research. Therefore, governments around the world, with countries like USA or China in the lead, have started to encourage migration from combustion to electric vehicles. The Spanish Government has involved itself, introducing a strategy that searches de la Generalitat de Catalunya) has approved a strategy to promote the use of to promote electric vehicles electric cars (IVECAT), in the period 2010-2015. (2010-2014), by incorporating The main objective is to harmonize the evolution of the automotive industry with 70,000 electric vehicles to the the gradual electrification in order to create according legislation and infrastruccar fleet by 2012 and up to a tures apart from designing industry and R&D policies that profit from the economic total of 250,000 by 2014. The potential. The planned actions have been structured in four axles: infrastructure Movele Project, managed by and power grid; industry, technology and education; promotion of sustainable the Institute for Diversificamobility; with these axles in mind a series of measures have been designed so that tion and Energy Saving with a Catalonia’sautomotive industry may become a reference in electric car implantation. budget of 590 million Euros, In a general context of R&D, cities become a potential testing place to implement takes part in this global these new technologies amongst the citizens, and offer an enclosed environment for strategy. Main objective is the industry that is born and grows around electric mobility. Approximately 30% of to deploy 2,000 electric cars the automotive industry in Spain is concentrated, in fact, in the Metropolitan Area and create more than 500 of Barcelona, one of the main sites in Europe. Supporting the development of the recharging points. electric mobility is vital to the global competitiveness of the automotive sector, but The subsidized vehicles also vital to improve the environment and the quality of life in our cities. The mixed will have different characplatform LIVE – Acronym of Logistics for the implementation of electric vehicles teristics, capabilities and (Logística per a la Implementació del Vehicle Elèctric) is created with this objective. technologies and are intended Initially promoted by the town council of Barcelona, the Catalonian Government for different types of users in –through ICAEN-, SEAT and ENDESA; now Siemens and the Ministry for Industry, order to evaluate the techniTourism and Trade– through IDAE – also are participating. cal, energetic and economic Now we can say that the world is ready for the introduction of electric cars and viability. In parallel, the Catawe can confirm that Barcelona has taken the chance to position itself as a world lonian Government (Govern reference concerning sustainable mobility and, specially, concerning electric cars.
LIVE is a general and unified plan designed to strategically implement the electric car through five differentiated axles that support the industry, sustainable mobility and environment:
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• Support the development and promotion of demonstrative projects of electric mobility (Living Labs), helping with the first deployments of electric cars, obtaining results and practical improvements from the demonstrators. • Provide the necessary tools and resources to generate a change in innovative attitudes, in economy and industry, by promoting R&D. Support the creation of local syndicates, national and European projects and Technology and Knowledge programs from university and professional environments.
• Promote the organization and venue of events and activities that implement the electric mobility in Barcelona. • Promote the creation of recharge stations in public and private parking lots throughout the metropolitan area of Barcelona. • Be a reference point for citizens and companies in Barcelona in questions related to electric mobility by creating the first ever European technical and civilian office for implementation of electric mobility.
The electric vehicle in Barcelona, Catalonia and Spain
Interview Jordi William Carnes, First Deputy Mayor of Barcelona’s City Council
Barcelona, electric mobility innovation hub Barcelona is making a significant bid for electric mobility. What sets Barcelona apart from other cities? What is the main potential that can transform the city into a electric vehicle reference?
The development of electric mobility has become a key element in boosting the global competitiveness of the automotive sector and it is an opportunity to transform a sector that can help in the economic development of the country. The promotion of research and technology transference in areas related with energy accumulation for use in electric vehicles is already a priority in the R&D strategies. Add up the efforts of Barcelona to become a testing ground, an urban laboratory, an ideal territory that is born and grows around electric mobility. Another key factor that can help in developing electric mobility is the vast motorcycle fleet that many other European cities do not have. With more than 300.000 two wheeled vehicles; there is no doubt that the electrical motorcycle should be the first step to be implemented, an explosion of electric mobility. The role the municipality plays with the end user is important to motivate the market. What role is the City Council of Barcelona playing?
Barcelona is a pioneer in electric vehicle customer attention due to the creation of the citizens office, Punto Live (Live Point) and the web www.bcn.cat/livebarcelona, where the potential users can access services like a map with all the recharge points, information about the processing of the electric vehicle permit, incentives that are currently offered by the public administration, models of vehicles that exist on the market and a detailed description of their functioning. The electric vehicle pass is an important element in promoting electric mobility as it unifies the public recharge points and will allow free recharges on above ground stations by 2013. Besides, when a pass owner
lives in Barcelona, no local tax is paid for the vehicle and parking is free in controlled parking areas (Àrea Verda and Àrea Blava) as per established regulations. Barcelona a pioneering city in Spain in deployment of recharge points and has already 157 active ones. With the impulse gained from the Movele Project from IDAE and from other private finance funds, Barcelona expects to reach about 300 recharge points by the end of 2011, largely surpassing the forecast 191 of the Movele Project. Improving the air quality is one of the motivations that impulses electric mobility. At what stage is Barcelona regarding this issue?
The energy bill and contamination are two aspects that, without doubt, encourage promoting electric mobility and this is not a whim or a trend but a need to guarantee sustainable mobility for millions of people. The improvement of environmental sustainability and quality of life in the city are the main priorities for Barcelona. Barcelona’s city council has signed a series of agreements with different automotive companies to pro-
The electric vehicle in Barcelona, Catalonia and Spain
mote the electric vehicle. What are the results of these collaborations?
Signing diverse agreements means that there is a will to join forces with all parts involved in the development of electric mobility in town and the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. Without doubt, the reference agreement is LIVE (Logistics for Implementation of Electric Vehicles), the public-private platform which was created with the objective of supporting and promoting future mobility. Furthermore, the Renault-Nissan alliance, the City Council of Barcelona and the Regional Government (Generalitat) have joined forces to encourage drivers to use zero emission electric cars, thanks to the Cooperation Agreement reached at the end of 2010. Nissan has committed itself to introduce their 100% electric car, the Nissan LEAF, with an autonomy of 160Km, during 2011 in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. Barcelona City Council has reached a third strategic agreement with Bergé automotion dealer for Spain of BYD, an important Chinese battery manufacturer. This is a key element, no doubt, to guarantee that electric mobility will be a reality sooner than many believed possible.
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INTERVIEW
“Electric vehicle promotion is a national objective”
Maite Masià i Ayala, ICAEN Manager (Catalonia’s Instute of Energy)
What will happen with the Catalonian strategy to promote electric vehicle 20102015 in this scenario of public resources crisis and general cuts?
The Strategy for electric vehicle introduction in Catalonia (IVECAT) is a national objective, because the electric vehicle is an instrument to advance in different fundamental issues: enenergy saving and efficiency, reactivating economic and industrial activity, modernization of infrastructures, new model of mobility,… Catalonia has very good reasons like having state of the art automotive and electricity sectors or different reference research centers to ensure that translates into an increases in the standard of living for residents. But we are also determined to give of the electric vehicle becomes an opportunity for growth for the necessary impulse according to the entire country. Advancing in only one of the axis or giving the availability of the budget of the priority to one over the others would be senseless as the desired Generalitat. equilibrium would be impossible to reach. Which are the fundamental features of this strategy? What scopes will be priority? The offer? The demand? The Knowhow of the companies?
IVECAT has got four main axis in which we will promote on a par with each other in order to obtain a equilibrated successful implantation of the electric vehicle where we live. These axis are the recharge infrastructure and electricity grids; industry, R&D and training; sustainable mobility and promotion of the demand, and they include a total of 26 measures that will be evaluated periodically according to a set of indicators. The objective of this strategy is to coordinate all these ensure that implemenatation
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Is the technology of the batteries mature enough in the sense that the performance of the electric vehicle –for example in autonomy- is not too far from conventional vehicles?
Autonomy and costs of the electric vehicle are the main challenges to overcome at this moment, and the battery is not the issue in both cases. The industry knows this and is working on it. However, we must point out that, at least in a first stage, we should not compare the performances of a conventional vehicle with those of an electric one. Transition will be much more orderly and equilibrated when considering that there are demands of mobility for which an electric vehicle is more adequate (public transport, urban fleets, motorcycles) and others where a conventional engine is better, Technology and time will tell. What are the forecasts regarding the fleet renovation in Catalonia? Will the hybrid stage be short or long?
IVECAT is anticipating that there will be 76,000 electric vehicles by the end of 2015, this number is revised periodically and it shows a quite meaningful speed in the renovation of the mobile fleet in Catalonia. The hybrid stage, as a transition from conventional vehicles to electric mobility, depends both on the people understanding the adequacy and use of each type of vehicle and on the technological and sales evolution of the manufacturers.
The electric vehicle in Barcelona, Catalonia and Spain
INTERVIEW Alfonso Beltrán IDAE Managing Director
“2011 year of
the electric vehicle release”
What conclusions would you draw form Movele Project (2009-2010)?
It has promoted the release of the electric vehicle in our country. Recently electric mobility was a possibility far from reality. Today we can say that the electric vehicle is here and that the manufacturers, mobility managers and citizens are interested in its development and implantation. Another of the basic objectives of the project was to place Spain among the leaders of electric mobility and in this case, we can point out that knowledge about Movele outside Spain is considerable. In fact the name of the project has been passed on to the Plan for the Electric Vehicle 2010-2012 with which our country will definitely start the implantation of this type of mobility.
launched soon by IDAE and FEMP. This guide will allow the municipalities learn at first hand the about the experiences of other towns. IDAE has also created a distinction (Electric Mobility Seal) related with this guide to acknowledge and encourage the citizens to start implementing strategies. When speaking about electric vehicle promotion the network of recharge points comes to mind but, will there be financial aids to help consumers acquire these electric vehicles?
One of the main strategy lines Action Plan 2010-2012 to promote the electric vehicle in Spain includes public measures to increase the demand of these vehicles among the end customers, especially in public transport fleets and citizens. When compared to other vehicles, the electric vehicle is expensive; therefore Government has created a fund of 240 Million Euros destined to purchase electric vehicles, 80 million Euros in 2011 and another 160 million Euros in 2012. Direct subsidies for purchase, changes in registration tax, free parking in controlled parking lots and lower electricity costs teaches us that an electric vehicle can be economically competitive, especially when taking into account their working lifespan. What factors contribute to an increase in electric and hybrid vehicle fleets?
All actors are convinced that 2011 will be the year of the electric vehicle launchment countdown. The shortage in the offer of electric vehicles has limited the sales. Some of the leading trademarks of the market will present this year electric or power grid pluggable models and almost 100% of the car manufacturers have The town councils and regional electric projects and products that will see the light sometime governments have their own between 2012 and 2015. electric vehicle promotion plans. From a stand point like that of IDAE, whose mission it is Are they coordinated? to promote efficiency and reduction of energetic dependency, There is a big consensus among all it is important that each time there are more enterprises and the agents of the administrations citizens using electric mobility. Electric mobility based upon the related to the impulse of the electric energy from the general network and especially with the parvehicle, we have shared objectives. ticipation of the renewable resources allows implementation of We are convinced that the regional all axles related with the energy policies. This is why the electric initiatives like Catalonia’s IVECAT vehicles are important and it is necessary that Spain as one of and initiatives of other regions the leading countries keeps promoting it. will be synergic elements that will contribute to success. The same can be said about the municipalities, basic element for the electric vehicle to succeed and one of the principal beneficiaries of its development. Moreover, I would like to point out that a guide on good practices for municipalities regarding the promotion of electric cars will be
The electric vehicle in Barcelona, Catalonia and Spain
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Who helps in introducing these electric cars? The strategic plans include financial aids and subsidies for the purchase of electric cars and the placement of recharge stations. Cities like Barcelona have specific plans that include tax benefits and privileges in parking areas and city accesses.
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ever before there was so much talk about electric mobility as nowadays. Public and private forums agree in pointing out the opportunities and advantages –environmental but also entrepreneurial, technical and economical– which imply a large scale development and implantation of electric cars. We are assisting to an explosion of activities: research centers and facilities are conducting a large number of projects –ranging from investigations to improve components like the battery to studies of new business models and sales strategies– energy and automotive companies make alliances and strategic movements can be seen to ensure leading positions in future markets. The electric car can be seen in these environments as a real alternative to combustion based transport. Currently the existence of 2.300 Euros for hybric vehicles. If you prefer a motorcycle, maximum financial aid cars propelled by electricity is is of 750 Euros, also 15% of its price. In this case only models of more than 4KW nothing but anecdotic. Until are subsidized. now as 2011 is to become the There is a specific summons for enterprises and administrations destined to year things change. Comchange car fleets and mobile industrial materials –with exception of elevators panies like Renault, Seat or and forklifts– to their hybrid or zero emissions equivalents. Maximum quantities Toyota have announced masreach up to 50.000 Euros per vehicle. sive sale plans for this year. Another set of measures is aimed to the installation of electricity recharge The governments’ objective points and stations, infrastructures that will be necessary once the objective of -250,000 electric cars in the deployed electric vehicles is reached. Administration pays up to a 30% of the costs country by 2014, and 76,000 derived from the installation of a recharge station, up to a maximum of 60.000 in Catalonia by 2015- is ambi- Euros when the station is intended for public access and use and up to a maxitious and expects an emerging mum of 30.000 Euros when it is a single recharge point or destined to a deterdevelopment. mined vehicle fleet. The Public Administra These public financial aids are part of the plans for a strategic development tions have planned a series of of electric mobility on the short and medium term and they obey to the general financial aids and incentives objective of creating demand, promote and divulge knowledge around the electric which, in many cases, address alternative in society. the end consumer directly as they promote the renovation Cleaner and less noise contaminated cities of private car fleets. This way, Catalonia, subsidizes partially Thanks to the benefits of the electric vehicle as well as the environmental advanthe acquisition of an electages related with air quality and noise contamination; cities become the ideal tric car with the objective of place for their deployment. Local administrations are entitled to create electric overcoming the current price mobility plans and public recharge stations in its territory. Barcelona is working barrier for a normal public. towards being a reference in electric vehicle innovation, its council has access In case of a passenger car, to financial aid programs promoted by the European Commission, national and financial help is equivalent to regional administrations. As the city wants to be a leader in sustainability and a maximum of 15% of the final environment, its town council has developed a specific plan with financial benefits cost, VAT excluded, 7.000 for local electric vehicle users: the acquisition of a zero emission vehicle benefits Euros for pure electrical and from a 75% discount on local registration tax, parking is free for pure electric pluggable hybrid vehicles and vehicles, there is a 3% of parking places reserved for these vehicles in all public parking amongst other means of benefits and incentives.
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BENEFITS SUMMARY
1. Direct subsidies for purchase of an electric vehicle. •15 % of price VAT excluded maximum of 7,000 Euros for an electric or hybrid passenger car. •15% of price VAT excluded, maximum 750 Euros for motorbikes of 4 kW or higher. •Maximum registration cost reduction of 75%. 2. Subsidies for transport fleet and industrial machinery renovation. •Up to 50.000 Euros per vehicle and mobile industrial equipment.
The electric vehicle in Barcelona, Catalonia and Spain
3. Subsidies for installation of electricity recharge stations •30% of investment with a maximum of 60,000 Euros for a public recharge station. Maximum of 30.000 Euros for a private or single recharge point. •Subsidy of 400 Euros per recharge point when they include a consumption monitoring and control system. 4. Other measures and incentives in Barcelona. •Free parking in blue zone parking areas. •All public areas reserve 3% of their space for these vehicles.
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The electrical vehicle plugged to the grid The power grid of a given territory is dimensioned to give a proper response to the array of activities that need energy according to each moment of the day or season, as well as the consequent demand of global power. The introduction of electric vehicles into all this set of uses supposes –medium and long term– an additional demand of electricity that must be foreseen in order to prevent potential impacts upon the system and to guarantee the viability of this technologic leap.
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’s lona e c r Ba ng argi rech struca infr ture
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aily electricity consumption provides a power demand profile that varies each hour during the day with clearly defined peaks and off-peaks. This demand variable in time, affects the reduced electricity accumulation capacity, and calls for investments in electricity generation installations in order to guarantee the demanded power. Currently, during the off-peak hours, Spanish electricity system demands nearly 22,000 MW, and during peak hours the demand may reach up to approximately 45,000 MW. Electric vehicles are new consumers that may affect the system, therefore the system has to permit a gradual introduction without need of new infrastructure. The presence on the street of 1 million electric vehicles by 2014 would represent, by estimations, an increase of 1% on annual demand, although the moment this demand is produced must be taken into account: during peak or off-peak hours, simultaneous or not… If the recharge of these vehicles is made in peak hours, the electric energy demand grows and there would be need for a power generation increase. On the other hand, if the recharge is done primarily during the off-peak hours, and slowly (low voltage recharge) controlling the power of recharge, the effect on the demand profile would determine an increase on the power consumption during these hours without meaningful changes regards the demand during peak hours (the power demand curve would be nearly plain). A better interaction could be achieved with electricity generation based upon renewable energies during off-peak IVECAT (Catalonian Electric Vehicle Implantation Strategy)– hours. would mean an increase of approximately a 0.3% in annual The characteristics of the demand. In any case, recharge during off-peak hours must be recharge (charging time, day promoted in order to avoid demand peaks as those that would period, level of interaction with the happen if the majority of end users would plug them in as soon system) will be important to the as they arrived at home at night. Now, so that these forecasts global operability and efficiency may become real, the Catalonian Electric Vehicle Implantation of the system. Furthermore, if the Strategy teaches us that changes in the economic remuneration recharge is done under the mensystem for electricity distribution are needed. The objective is tioned conditions (slow recharge to favor the necessary investments in distribution networks in during off-peak hours with charge order to introduce the vehicle on medium and long term; these control systems), there would be investments must take form in the investment plans of the no need of important changes in distribution companies. infrastructures, electricity production or transport. Overcoming regulatory and normative barriers Depending on the transport grid system operator and manager, Now, it is necessary to overcome a set of regulatory and the Spanish electricity grid could normative barriers that might complicate the deployment of accommodate, with a system of the needed electrical infrastructure and recharging points. For intelligent management, up to 6,5 example, in the Regulations on low voltage electrotechnology million electric vehicles by 2014 (REBT) the criteria of a single supply point most be changed without need of investments in in order to allow any subscriber use different electricity supply electricity generation facilities nor points, and allowing for a recharge point at every individual in the electricity transport network. parking place in public parking lots. This modification is On a local or regional scale, howimportant so recharge points can be installed, for example, in ever, there is a chance there might apartment buildings. be problems as the distribution It is also important to create a regulation to introduce grid might not be prepared. elements of management that can benefit the electricity system In Catalonia, the deployment due to the flexibility associated with operating electric vehicles of 76,000 vehicles by the year 2015 –considering essential off-peak recharges– without increasing —according to the forecast of the the electricity production or transport network. Among this type of measures lies the creation of a new electricity tariff, specific for electric vehicle recharge during off-peak hours or new models of low voltage electricity contracts tied to off-peak use. Finally, in the future it will also be possible to regulate adequately the figure of a “recharge manager”
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OPINION Susana Bañares Demand Side Management Red Eléctrica Española
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he electric vehicle will be a new consumer of energy which, however, can also become an ally in operating the system more efficiently by reducing the big differences that exist between high and low consumption periods and easing the introduction of renewable energies. Electricity demand presents a typical profile during the day, there are two moments in which more energy is used: midday (due to commercial activity) and during the last hours of the evening (due to the commercial and residence activities). The hours of less consumption, on the other side, fall between midnight and eight (00:00 – 08:00). In order to operate the electricity system better it is important to maximize the moments in which consumption is less, here is where the electric car can play an important part as they can benefit these hours for a slow and intelligent recharge. Besides, the users of these electric cars may benefit of a reduced electricity price during the hours of less consumption. Furthermore, an electric vehicles could be converted in a reversible electricity accumulator system as, during the peak hours, it could revert part of the electricity charged during recharges especially during the night objective: design of an electric vehicle the night back to the system. hours. Therefore, it is also important prototype with an efficient recharge Thanks to this complemento have a price scale that discriminates integration, collaborating with SEAT. tary service, the owner of the electricity rates during the different The project has a budget of 39,7 an electric car may obtain periods of the day. million Euros; 1,22 come from Red economic benefits by selling The installation of intelligent counEléctrica. the accumulated electricters will allow to cope with these issues • VLPGO (Very large power grid ity at a higher price than and will be a key feature in future operators): works developed by the bought. This interaction will electric system operations. operators and owners of big electric maximize the accumulation On the other hand, the electric vecharge transport networks like the capability of the batteries and hicle can play a fundamental role in the USA, France, Japan, Spain and Italy, will require a bidirectional integration of renewable energies unwith the objectives of studying the relation regarding electricder conditions of security, specially the effect of mentioned vehicles in these ity playing a role in the set of wind energy, difficult to manage and systems, and establish a series of intelligent recharges. ever changing but with an increasing recommendations for manufacturers The demand for electricpresence in the energy mix. Recharging and legislators. ity of these vehicles is new the vehicles during the night minimizes • REVE Project (Wind energy and in 2020, by estimates, the possibility of a wind energy park regulation with electric vehicles): it may represent a 2% of the disconnection in case the production this plan is financed by the Ministry total demand of electricexceeds the security limits set by the for Industry, Tourism and Trade ity. Following the studies system. The support of Red Eléctrica and headed by the Spanish Wind conducted by Red Eléctrica, in this technology can be found in the Energy Association with the it is possible to integrate up active participation in different work objective of analyzing the technical to 6,5 million of these cars in groups and projects and also in its iniand economic aspects derived from the system without additional tiative to place recharge points in their the contributions a fleet of electric investments in generation own installations: vehicles guarantees towards wind and transport, if the recharge • Installation of recharge points: there energy evacuation. is completed during the hours are already nine recharge points along • MERGE Project (Mobile energy of less electricity demand, in the different REE offices -five at their resources in electricity networks): a controlled manner and foloffices in Valencia, three in Madrid program developed by the European lowing the indications of the and one in Seville- and electric cars Union to evaluate the impact of the electric system operator. have been added to the companies electric vehicles on the European It is important to promote car fleet. electric systems. The participation of mechanisms that manage the • Proyecto Verde (Green Project): an Red Eléctrica is focused on planning demand by promoting the initiative started in 2009 with a main and operating with charges.
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Pioneer cities in creating a national network O
ne of the main actions of the Movele Project, a pioneer plan from the Ministry of industry, Tourism and Trade to evaluate electric mobility en urban environments, is to establish 546 recharge points for electric vehicles in public spaces. In order to achieve this, the experience acquired during the projects developed in previous years in Barcelona, Madrid and Seville has been taken into account. These three cities have worked to establish a network of recharging points, both on surface and underground parking lots, distributed equally among the three cities. Madrid and Barcelona have a total of 403 recharge points placed in public parking spaces and streets, of which 246 exist in Madrid and 157 in Barcelona. A total models. Barcelona is planning to reach the number of 240 of 188 of the recharge points have recharge points during the second part of this year, of these 160 been financed with funds from the will be part of the Movele Project. The recharging points will be Movele Project, 98 where financed equally distributed among above (114) and underground (127) in Madrid and 90 in Barcelona. facilities. The national plan to promote electric mobility, which In Seville, there will be installed also subsidizes part of the costs of purchasing a vehicle through another 75 recharge points. one of the 190 car dealers appointed to this plan, will introduce The installation of recharge more than 800 electric models during the first two years of the points is a key factor in order to term and 15 days before the end of the term a total of 1,600 reach the implantation of green subsidy applications were received.
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Barcelona deploys the recharge points D
uring 2010, Barcelona has placed itself among the leading cities in Spain by developing a public recharge point network for electric vehicles. Barcelona has started administrative procedures and services like the Citizens Relations Office of the Live Project and the edition and management of end users ID cards. The city has currently 157 operating recharge points and aspires to surpass 200 this very year. The objective is to deploy a recharge point at less than 5 minutes from every citizens home. All efforts, private and public (Barcelona’s Energy Agency, Movele Project and the aids from the Catalonian’s Istitute of Energy)converge in their deployment. In parallel, large shopping centers like El Corte Inglés and Servei Estació, large hotel and restaurants –from international chains like, for night, which means lower rates for the user and maximizes example, NH Hotels and other inthe production peaks of the renewable energies. In Barcelona, dividual hotels and restaurants–, the long term strategy of the network deployment is centered and infrastructure companies like on underground parking lots –public or concessions– leavTabasa are installing their own ing the above ground recharging points for emergencies and recharging stations. motorcycles. There have been deployed five recharge point Barcelona’s network obeys an intended exclusively for two wheeled vehicles in five differopen model –different providers ent points of the city. It is also planned to keep on deploying employ different technologies– recharge points in work centers and the new legislations will that favors the appearance of enhave to allow the installation of plugs in garages without pertrepreneurs and the opportunity mission of the owner’s community. Electricity companies like to evolve to better consolidated Endesa and Iberdrola already are investigating new forms of companies. A public control centre recharge and standards that offer a broader offer. Siemens, guarantees the interoperability of Circutor, Scame, Mobecpoint, Atomelic, Betterplace and the different recharge systems and Coloumbteach are some of the companies that have placed centralizes all incidents and surthemselves as providers of innovative automatic recharging veys all points. In a near future the machines. In Barcelona, for example, pioneer projects are recharge will be complete mostly conducted, like the first quick recharge station promoted by in private parking lots during the Endesa and CEPSA.
RECHARGE LESS THAN FIVE MINUTES FROM HOME Barcelona : 157 points operative, 90 financed by Movele Project 102 are placed in underground parking lots 55 on surface. It is expected to reach 240 during 2011, 160 through Movele. There will be 114 underground and 127 on street level.
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Barcelona’s recharging infrastructure
Deployment of the public recharge network
Testing and maturation scenario
OPINION Àngel López Barcelona’s Council Mobility Services Manager
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n the definition of Barcelona’s • The public recharge points will be placed, when possible, in Urban Mobility Plan in 2006, spaces where it might be feasible to develop new business the objective of developing and models (like motorcycle rental at universities, intermodal promoting the implantation of transport hubs with public transport, etc) Barcelona has a cleaner and more efficient vehuge public underground parking offer, so these will also be hicles was incorporated. In 2008 a key in deploying the network of recharge points. Barcelona’s city council saw the • The technology of the recharge points will comply with need to start paying attention existing standards and will stand open to different technoloto a technology that was becomgies and suppliers and recharge operators. This will create a ing more active than normal. It scenario that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship. was the activity of the “Electric • Access to public points on surface will be directly managed Vehicle”, where “vehicle” is underby the city through a municipal control center that will stood as all private and collective guarantee the identification of the user (with ID passes), the road transport segments (motorinteroperability between the different recharge operators cycles, cars, trucks, bus, etc) and and the supervision and real-time breakdown management. “electric” means all hybrid or pure Before the end of 2012, the first settled date, Barcelona alcapable of being plugged-in to the ready has developed a network of public recharge points more electricity grid. than sufficient to cover the need of the citizens and provide Following this definition, the opportunities for tests and new vehicle developments. On the city council started participating in other hand, other workgroups close to electric mobility and the Movele Project, charged with the LIVE platform are trying to consolidate a private network the development of a first public (for public and private access) in hotels, shopping centers, recharge network and led by IDAE, etc. But the deployment of this infrastructure will not be sucSpanish Ministry of Industry, imcessful if no other encouragement and promotion actions are pulses the LIVE study, where the made like those the city council is making through regulations guidelines and strategies to deploy or the actions of the LIVE platform among other. this recharge infrastructure in the The bet to electrify public transport in bus and taxi fleets city are defined. must be pointed out. All these segment demonstration and Of the actions that make up promotion criteria are deployed, the prospective and guidethis strategic recharge network lines of urban mobility, defined in Pla Urbà, could be sumdeployment plan, the following can marized in saying that the mobility in Barcelona based upon be highlighted: public transport, intermodal, adapted and collective favors • Deployment will be realized bicycle and walking mobility. both as a pilot experience and as a demonstration, on one side through bidding and on the other by means of public-private agreements to develop this infrastructure. • The public network will be destined primarily to offering service to the motorcycle segment as it is a vital one in Barcelona’s mobility and because it is currently the one that offers the most to the market.
Barcelona’s recharging infrastructure
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Barcelona’s recharging infrastructure
Challenges of normalization and standardization in electric vehicle deployment
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he Catalonian electric vehicle deployment strategy gives priority to slow and normal recharge systems (regulated and non regulated) In addition, during this period the short term intention is to conduct a series of normal intelligent recharge experiences and on the medium term fast and very fast recharge systems. These tests are to prove that surpassing the horizon of current strategies and, in more advanced phases; the integration of the electric vehicle can be more generalized. The issue of normalization and standardization of the connections, in the European context, is not resolved; this is the reason why the Catalonian strategy foresees a period of implantation without a unique standard or regulation. It is also important to point out that towards the end of 2014 more severe requisites can be introduced that will have to comply with the European Standards which, probably, will have been agreed upon. In this sense, the Council of Barcelona is one of the participants in the European Green E-motion project, within the FP7 of the European Commission. Barcelona participates through Barcelona Demo region: an electric vehicle demonstration and development implementation consortium. The project expects to develop technologies and policies through standardizalimited system of provider licenses. Although a limit in licenses tion and normalization, eliminatcould make it easier to establish a unified recharge system ing barriers and making it easier for public spaces in whole Catalonia (ideally also in Spain for the introduction of electric and Europe), we must take into account that the energy and vehicles. communication sectors are based on a liberalized system and The public recharge system that, therefore, the limitation of licenses would not be the best could be treated as an open system formula. of compatible providers or as a Types of recharge In this sense, the strategy considers granting access to all operators that comply with a minimum criteria of service established by the Administration, and which will have to permit the end user a universal and secure recharge within the Catalonian territory as well as access to the system implemented in any town throughout Spain and Europe when using the road network. The Electric Recharge Manager that is about to be appointed will determine the model, regulations and functions that are to be followed. In more advanced stages of the electric vehicle implantation, probably exceeding the extension of the plan designed in the Catalonian strategy, public recharges will exclusively be used for emergency o complementary cases, time limited in its use so as many users as possible can use them and, therefore, rotation is favored.
Barcelona’s recharging infrastructure
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The ric t elec ity l mobi nt e segm
The electric vehicle and the Catalonian industry The development of electric vehicles opens a door for Catalonia to create and promote different industrial and business sectors that boost the economy. Industries like power electronics, battery electrolytic manufacturers, electronics, electric accessories, street furniture, electronic equipment, recycling industries or information and communication technologies are some of those that can be reinforced during the next years thanks to the electric vehicle.
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he tertiary sector will also receive a positive impulse from this new market as the support services and the industry related to logistics, commercialization and finance of electric vehicles or batteries, energy production and distribution, technical assistance for facilities, renting and hiring and, in short, all the activities that arise around the new business models will have their space in this scenario. It should be taken into account that, from a technological point of view, there are different fields interacting in the electric vehicle concept. In relation to the vehicle we find interacting not only the technologies for accumulation, recovery, management and electric power train, but also those related to weight reducing technologies, energetic efficiency, architectural designs, security and comfort among others. In relation to the infrastructure that must be introduced, interact the intelligent electricity control and management technologies, tariff regulation technologies, fleet and recharge point management or battery change stations, control and Catalonia’s industry has a good starting point in most of automatism and even electricity these sectors and has enough technological and scientific capabilproduction, distribution and manity. The implantation of electric vehicles will provide business agement. Software and hardware chances and the effects will manifest en terms of product and ensure the interconnectivity of the business diversification, technological evolution, competitive vehicle with its environment. upgrades, strategic alliances and positioning of new products in new markets. The indispensable requisite, however, is to have a complete value chain of the electric vehicle, industrially and technologically, with sufficient critical mass build upon Catalonia’s current vehicle value chain and complemented with the new emerging industry.
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The electric mobility segment
The industry in Barcelona’s Metropolitan Area has already begun to develop and profit from all the assets that this technological revolution provides throughout the whole electric mobility value chain. So far market products have been created and R+D+I activities boosted. It should be pointed out that Spain is one of the main car manufacturers of the European Community and that Barcelona’s Metropolitan Area concentrates approximately 30% of this industrial activity. The automotive sector, therefore, is vital in the city’s industrial and economic base. Nissan and Seat, for example, are running different projects at their respective development centers located in the Metropolitan Area. The recharge tests conducted by Europe during the period 20092010 were completed at the Catalonian Nissan central, manufacturer that has signed an agreement with Barcelona’s city council and the regional government (Generalitat de Catalunya) to commercialize Nissan’s model LEAF and to develop the infrastructure during 2011. SEAT’s design and development center at Martorell (Barcelona), participates actively in the introduction of the electric vehicle and in the industrial development of the trademark. SEAT has introduced during 2011 testing phase prototypes of model Seat Leon Twin Drive, a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, for the municipal fleet. Other manufacturers like Toyota, Peugeot or Chinese manufacturer Byd have signed agreements with the town council to develop demonstration projects in Barcelona and commercialize the new electric and Hybrid pluggable models. Barcelona, together with Rome, has the biggest motorcycle fleet of Europe. Although during the last years, due to the economic crisis, international manufacturers’ competition has caused a descent in the local motorcycle related industrial activity, an essential activity to the city’s industrial development. Historic brands like Ossa, Bultaco and Derbi, just to name some, and multinationals like Yamaha or Honda have generated knowledge and active personal with expertise and are now high value added suppliers that are transform- territory. The different electric mobility implementation and ing activities in the electric motor demonstration projects generated in Barcelona, -partially as a sector. The Moto Cluster groups result of the public-private activity like the Live Platform- and the sector in order to create new the proper activity of the sector, offer solutions and answers to solutions and two wheeled electric the whole value chain. Some projects innovate in automotive vehicles destined to the Catalonian components,like those of battery technology and management and European market. This is the started by Ficosa, Comsa-Emte, Lear Corporation, Ausa, Iveco case of the brand Rieju that has or Mavilor; others offer solutionsin components, communicaalready presented the model of tion infrastructure and technologies like those developed by the line Rieju Mius or the electric Siemens, Simon, Schneider, Endesa, Mobecpoint, Initzia/Abb, motorcycle EV1 developed by Volta. T-Systems, Circutor, NavteqA, Gtd, Factor Energia, Gas Natu Innovation, design, entrepreral or Iberdrola. The automotive development and certification neurship and generation of new center Idiada is working actively in the sector. In this way the business models have been and complete auxiliar sector of services and distribution presents are, in fact, added values of the at this moment all type of services and offers en all segments. Around Barcelona and the Live Platform, programs like ECOEmprendedor XXI (Eco-Entrepreneur XXI), Formula Student, the ECO-Series, the activities of the Mobility Week or Formula Elèctrica drive innovation and entrepreneurship and promote the market and communication with end users.
The electric mobility segment
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Electric vehicle production capacity Manufacturing green vehicles will change the majority of systems and components that integrate the internal combustion vehicles. The automotive sector will have to incorporate solutions and parts that currently have a testimonial presence but will be relevantin electric vehicles. The systems and components supply companies depending on the product will be affected in a completely different manner.
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he adaptation that the Catalonian companies will have to complete when considering a massive electric solutions implantation scenario will be varied as they will depend on the changes each company has to affront individually. In general terms, some components will change slightly or not at all, other parts will suffer major changes, others will be changed completely and, finally, others will disappear. Please find a summary of these changes: A. No important changes: all
those systems and components that do not seem to need modifications. The 33 Catalonian companies that produce them will not be affected by the use of their products in electric vehicles. We can highlight, due to sales volume, the seating sector but also the bumper and cladding sectors. B. Needs of redesign and possible changes in technology and/ or materials: under this category
falls a bigger variety of systems and components and, also, a large part of the Catalonian automotive industry. In these cases the affected components will be modified in aspects related with weight, energetic configuration and efficiency. It may also imply changes in materials or technologies, so 79 Catalonian companies with products for interiors, exteriors, chassis, security and comfort systems; also another 66 companies related with metal, plastic and other materials transformation processes will be affected. C. Change of concept: those that
internal combustion vehicle configuration and will have to be redefined from zero. This impact is determined specifically by electric solutions that affect two system and component groups: Brakes and Comfort –HVAC. These of all the automotive product components will suffer changes. 22 enterprises in Catalonia with a certain weight within this specific sector are confronted with this challenge. D. Loss of market quota on medium and lorg term: these systems and components are already used in nowadays internal combustion vehicles but will not be used in pure electrical vehicles, although they may continue to exist in hybrids. As a consequence, these companies will lose market quota as the electric alternative starts gaining the upper hand of internal combustion and non rechargeable (pluggable) hybrids. The majority of the 40 enterprises in this category work on the engine block and powertrain. E. Parts that can be supplied by existing Catalonian companies: all the systems and components that are used in the
electric vehicle or whose presence is multiplied regarding its presence in internal combustion vehicles and which could be supplied by enterprises already present in Catalonia. These enterprises work for other sectors and come mainly from the electronics and electricity industry. F. Parts that can be supplied by foreign companies located in Catalonia: there is no company in Catalonia that manufac-
tures these components used in electric vehicles. It is the case of the batteries and the superconductors.
will have to change completely their
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Type of impact determined by system category
Exterior
Glass
B
Chassis and frame
B
Exterior door and frame modulus
B
Front modulus -bumpers
A
Front modulus -radiator protectors
D
Security and comfort systems
Power assisted steering
B
Windscreen wipers and other security elements B
Engine and powertrain
Engine -fueling
D
Engine -Engine block and capacity
D
Engine -start and management systems
D
Engine -refrigeration
D
Transmission
B
Exhausts
D
Lighting systems
B
Comfort -HVAC
C
Comfort -Entertainment
B
Low and medium power wiring
A
Chassis
Structural elements
B
Interior
Steering
B
Seats A
Axles
B
Cockpit and instruments
B
Wheels -rims, tyre, covers, etc
B
Door modulus and overhead systems
B
Brakes
C
Interior lining
A
Suspensions
B
All car sections confront substantial changes, although the associated challenges are different depending on their type. The interiors sector is the less affected with only minor redesigns of the cockpit, door modulus and frames. The chassis section confronts fundamentally a change of category B, it will work on new designs and configurations, changes in weight and materials. In this sector the most important change will be that of the braking systems which, on the long term, will have to change the concept. A similar change will affect the security and comfort systems but the low/ medium power wiring systems will not suffer big changes; the HVAC, on the other hand, will change of concept completely and the rest of components will be confronted improvement. The engine and powertrain sectors are the most with the need of energy efficiency affected by the introduction of electric vehicle specifications. improvement and changes in All their systems and components lose their functions in the designs and functionality. pure electrical vehicle and will be down seized in the case of The exteriors sector will see the pluggable hybrids, and will therefore not be necessary in how the radiator cover disappears their configuration. The exception to these changes will be as it will be unnecessary in pure electric vehicles, and the rest of el- the steering system which depends on the adopted powertrain configuration. ements will obey to weight reduction and electric vehicle autonomy
The electric mobility segment
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Challenges for the Catalonian enterprises regarding electric vehicles
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Enterprises of group A will have to continue the way they were on before the arrival of the green vehicle and therefore have no need of making specific changes apart from those destined to continue with the effort in innovation and R&D to improve their products. Enterprises of group B confront, essentially, a need of innovation of their products and, in second place, extra investment to apply the changes to their products. The priorities of the enterprises of group C are firstly investigation and innovation due to the radical change that their products will suffer and, secondly, the extra investment that supposes the new industrialization of these products. The enterprises that manufacture systems and components of group D will have to start
thinking about a possible reconfiguration/diversification of their business lines as on the long term they will no longer be able to supply the automotive sector, however on short term they will not be affected as the hybrid incorporate their products. Finally, the processing enterprises, those that stand a step higher in the value chain and work essentially in the metal, plastic or other material transformation for other companies, will be affected by the challenges of the green vehicle in a more balanced way. The changes their customers will make will increase the needs of investment, innovation, R&D and diversification once their customers from group D start abandoning the automotive sector.
The electric mobility segment
Regarding the new components, their added value to an electric vehicle will be very important. Therefore it is a great opportunity for companies that produce this line of products and that were not positioned in the automotive sector before. These new systems and components are power electronics, electric machinery, complementary energy recovery systems to feed the batteries and the power accumulator systems. Nowadays these new components, with the exception of the accumulator systems, can be supplied to certain degree by companies that already exist in the Catalonian automotive industry. When comparing the variables “type of impact” and “specific weight”, analyzed in the previous chapters, each group of systems and components represents in the automotive industry we obtain the following segmentation: Segment S1. Correspond to systems and components with a high presence in the Catalonian automotive industry. We are talking about products that need more efforts in R&D and technical process innovation, in lighter materials, in treatment of new materials, in change concepts with some products and change to electronics with some others. We can point out cockpit related products, comfort and HVAC instruments, door modulus, brakes and the specialcomponents that will, on medium and long term, lose market ized industry of metal and plastics share), is moderate and also good news in that it is a menaced transformation. We can draw the future industry. This result is coherent with the fact that in the conclusion that Catalonia’s industry segment of systems and components many vehicle manufacturis active in those segments where ers outsource. most opportunities exit. As could be expected, Segment S3 (systems and compo On the other hand, the specific nents related with electric technology), those situated in group weight of Segment S2 (systems and F, are of low weight with the exception of the power electronics because there might be few but they are key references with international groups supporting them.
Electric vehicle electronics
Central computer systems
E
Reserve power relay and conversion
E
Battery charge/recharge systems
E
High power wiring
E
Electric Prowertrain
Electric machines
E
Energy accumulation systems
Bater pack
F
Supercondensators
F
Complementary battery feeding systems
Photovoltaic systems
E
Energy recovery systems
E
The electric mobility segment
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Interview Antonio Martínez Catalonia’s Energy Research Institute Director (IREC)
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he active industrial environment that surrounds electric vehicles can only be understood when taking into account the direct participation in demonstrative projects of universities, technological centers, the industry and the enterprises. The support of Bdigital, ASCAMM, LEITAT, CTM, IREC, UPC, CTAE, Creafutur, b_TEC, CETIB, STA, IESE and ESADE, among others, is essential to keep up with Barcelona’s industrial transformation and innovation.
IREC, an example of knowledge transference
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lectric vehicles are, from the very beginnings, a relevant element in the research of IREC (Catalonia’s Energy Research Institute). The Area of Electricity Networks and Power Electronics have developed a number of projects in the electric vehicle value chain. Other areas of the center like Advanced Materials for Energy are present in important fields like that of the batteries. Participation in national and international projects has allowed starting research, recharge system) but on the power levels (capacity to attend peaks at certain infrastructure and electric vehicle moments). New technologies must be developed to manage the activities. battery recharge mode, promote recharges at off-peak hours and maximize the amount of electricity of renewable origin.
What challenges must be overcome so that the electric vehicle may be of major use?
Cost reduction and information to citizens. The first issue will be reached as the industries follow their learning curve, profiting the results of research and the scale economy that will be created as the vehicles penetrate the market. The second issue, as important as the first, will require the active participation of the administrations that will have to show electric vehicle’s advantages to the potential consumers, and pay attention to the needs that will arise during the first stages of this emerging technology. What impact will have a large scale electric vehicle implantation on the electricity network?
On short term, it will be not be significant. During these first moments, it will be a key factor to identify and adapt the legal barriers that might compromise the demand of electric vehicles. On mid and long term, the impact on the electricity network will be important. Not so much on energy levels (total produced and consumed energy in the
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Is the knowledge generated in private and public spheres converging enough?
The majority of projects we have been participating in have been co-financed by public R&D programs. The administration has also participated in the technological transformation process, strategic for Catalonia and the rest of Spain due to the tradition of the automotive sector. In these projects are involved local and regional administrations that play a key role in the boost of electric vehicles in terms of communication with citizens and the start-up of infrastructures. IREC together with a board of trustees from the public administration, the private sector and the universities is a clear example of this model of innovation. Which factors stimulate best the advances in electric vehicles? Petrol price? The fight for air quality? Research? Or political will?
All four are relevant factors. The first two could be considered as the model of sustainable mobility debate detonators. The prove of their importance has been evident during the first half of 2011 mainly because of the price increase due to the conflict in North Africa and the high values of contamination in Spain’s two major cities, the problem has been made aware to all. Research may accelerate the introduction of electric vehicles and, as with Catalonia, is a positioning factor of the industries, present in almost the complete value chain. Identifying the mid and long term challenges is also important in terms of energy policies and in terms of new business models for enterprises of the sector. Finally, support from the administration is important to propitiate and lead the changes. The electric vehicle will arrive but we do not know the time it will take; in any case, Administration must define the regulations that will enable the deployment of this new market.
The electric mobility segment
OPINION Santi Castellà Seat’s Electromobility Officer
A shared challenge E
lectric mobility is the most important challenge for the automotive industry and one that will mark Spain’s future. It will not be a simple nor fast transition. If the fossil fuels have not been as yet substituted by electric energy it is due to the complexity it supposes. Change is also full of chances and Seat cannot an will not let the pass. As a leading automotive manufacturing company in Spain, Seat wants to be a key player in the transformation Spanish economy needs to limit, for example, energetic dependency from petrol. When speaking about clean mobility we think about environment and the CO2 emissions reduction, but also in the economic sustainability of a country with an external deficit that has to guarantee the future of the most important industrial sector: automotion. and 14 universities and public investigation offices involved. Seat leads a consortium The field of investigation reaches the complete value chain of of leading companies that are electromobility; from the generation of renewable energy to involved in all the economic the recycling of the lithium from the batteries. sectors to boost development of Seat’s compromise with sustainable –Seat is one of the electromobility in Spain. Verde promoters of Live– goes much further than the Green Project. Cenit Project (Strategic National Our plans contemplate responsible management of technologiConsortiums of Technical Investical changes. Therefore, we are concerned about the emissions gation) dedicated to investigation of the combustion engine as demonstrated by the progressive and knowledge generation for introduction of Ecomotive technology. Acceptance is incredfuture manufacture and commerce ible: by 2010 340,000 units were sold in a clear bet for vehicles of plug-in hybrid and electric with emissions below 120 g CO2/km. We have the capability vehicles, has the economic support of staying in the lead of the market with low emission vehicles of the Science and Innovation available for everybody. The next step will be the pluggable Ministry and a budget of 34 milhybrid vehicles, in other words, those that, besides a low fuel lion Euros. There are 15 companies consumption can charge electricity from the grid. Hybrids like Seat Ibx, presented during the last International Car show in Genève, encourage the development of the necessary recharge infrastructure so that the electric vehicles are not conditioned by autonomy and so that they can be commercialized massively. At Seat we are convinced that the future belongs to pure electric vehicles and therefore we are already studying the second generation that will incorporate electric technology that will suppose an advantage in performance, design and habitability. The best example of this work is the prototype named Ibe 2.0, recognized as the best electric concept car during the París 2010 Venue. It is too early to go into details and assure how the industry will stand in some years from now. We are certain, however, that future mobility cannot be understood, partially or totally, without electric energy and that Seat will lead the sector’s transformation in Spain.
The electric mobility segment
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Members of the Diba Product Solutions team, one of the Catalonian engineering companies that cooperated in the process of creating Mobecpoint: multiuser recharge stations for two wheeled vehicles, innovative in performance, design and means of production.
State of the art technology in urban mobility B
arcelona, has been working for some time towards the electric vehicle implantation in urban environments, it is positioning itself at the vanguard of the new mobility. Due to the characteristics of the urban routes, the vehicles’ autonomy and performance; the cities become the ideal fields to implement this silent technology. Emission reduction and the improvement of air quality have become an urgent need. The dream of a contaminationless mobility has to overcome some challenges. Public administrations and enterprises have woken up and are starting to encourage the needed R+D; and the adaptation of urban space to the requerements of the plug-in vehicles to be able to connect to the grid. The efforts, both public and private, converge in a set of innovative programs of support, testing and application of electricity to Barcelona’s mobility; from the creation of a network of multi-user recharge and parking stations for two wheeled vehicles; to the substitution and adaptation of the bus and services fleets. Agreements signed with the automotive sector boost Barcelona’s strategic bet for innovation en urban travel.
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The electric mobility segment
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Barcelona is the world’s first city that has deployed multiuser recharge stations for two wheeled electric vehicles. The station is much more that the usual pivot in design and performance
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Mobecpoint
Catalonian technology to recharge electric motorcycles
B
arcelona is implementing a network of innovative recharge stations for electric motorcycles and bicycles –more affordable and therefore nowadays easier to introduce and park in cities than cars. The first two operate since March 2011 and are located in districts 22@ and La Barceloneta; another three are expected to be placed before the end of 2011. Each station allows currently the simultaneous recharge of six motorcycles or bicycles, in the future each may take up to ten, developed by different Catalonian companies and groups of entrepreneurs coordinated by Mobecpoint. The stations are easily placed, have maximum security and are of reduced seize; the energy is of clean origin and its computer softwarewill allow remote recharge control by the user. The interaction between recharge station and vehicle is easy but at the same time advanced. Each user has an ID pass, compatible with all electricity recharge points. Once identified, the user establishes the desired recharge time. Unlike other systems, the plugs do not remain open and the proximity of the vehicle to the recharge point avoids accidents. On short term, users will be able to control the state of charge and modify the desired recharge time through mobile phone –by means of an specific program– or through the Mobecpoint website.
A photovoltaic cell on the upper part of the station provides the necessary energy to feed the signaling leds. The lifespan of all the components have been taken into account during the design and production process and easily changeable and recyclable materials have been used. Vandalism has also been counted on. Different Catalonian companies have participated in the design, technological innovation and construction of the station promoted by Mobecpoint: Diba Product Solutions has developed the engineering and the industrial design, Schneider Electric has been in charge of the electricity, Moveo has created the software and the programing, and We are Twenty has been in charge of the strategy and image. Iberdrola supplies the stations with power of renewable origin. On the other hand, Mobecpoint is developing plans that will offer Barcelona integrated electric mobility solutions –including the rental of motorcycles at recharge stations–, for different sectors and economic areas. The MobecCampus UPC project, for example, will create two electric motorcycle stations in the North and South campus of the Technical University of Catalonia. The MobecHotel project consist in the deployment of Mobecpoint stations equipped with rental motorcycles at five hotels in the city and five cultural, recreational and economic sites of Barcelona.
The electric mobility segment
A new recharge point, developed by ENDESA and CEPSA, allows recharges in only ten minutes. Barcelona is Spain’s first city in deploying this type of recharge points
Endesa and Cepsa
Green E-motion
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B
Innovative quick recharge points AT service stations
he companies Endesa and Cepsa have signed an agreement with the objective of developing, integrating, extend and tryout a network of recharge points at CEPSA’s service stations, where the vehicles will have a reserved parking and quick recharge zone. The new technology allows recharging the batteries up to 50% in 10 minutes in those vehicles that incorporate the possibility Charge and Move (CHAdeMO). This innovative infrastructure technology within the first “ENDESA energy island” will be first deployed at the CEPSA’s service station located at Lope de Vega street, district 22 @, Barcelona. The recharge point is activated by means of an ENDESA ID pass, conforming to the CHAdeMO standard, the protocol that takes care of two questions: the communication languaje between the vehicle and the recharge point; and the physical connection of both. CHAdeMO is a world association that groups the leading vehicle and infrastructure manufacturers and of which ENDESA is member since April 2010. Furthermore, since last December, Spain is also a member of CHAdeMO Europe which has the objective of promoting the installation of these quick recharge points throughout the continent and converting it to an European Standard.
The electric mobility segment
European initiative for transit to electric mobility arcelona is one of the more than 40 cities of the Green E-Motion investigation consortium, an initiative of the European Commission to promote electromobility in different parts of Europe. Under this name industrial companies, car manufacturers, public services, municipalities, universities and investigation and research institutes, share and extend knowledge and experiences on electric mobility and vehicles; with the objective of making it easier and accelerating its coordinated implantation in Europe. Each member provides its local developments until then and applies the European electric mobility tests conducted in cities like Barcelona. All members, participating in this global innitiative, gain impulse and transparency. Green E-Motion members are manufacturers Siemens, the consortium’s leading company, Bosch, SAP, Alstom, IBM and Better Place; the companies ESB, Energi Dansk, EDF, Endesa, Enel, Iberdrola, Eurelectric, RWE and PPC; car manufacturers BMW, Daimler, Micro Vett, Renault and Nissan; the cities of Barcelona, Màlaga, Dublin, Cork, Copenhaguen, Bornholm, Malmö, Roma and Berlin; the universities and research institutes Imperial, Cidaut, ECN, LABEIN, TCD, ERSE, DTU, IREC and Cartif; and the technological institutes DTI, TÜV Nord and FKA.
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The service fleets in public urban spaces are ideal to introduce the electric vehicle with the consequent energetic, environmental and air quality advantages for cities like Barcelona
As it is a silent technology, the more than 250 vehicles of the city’s fleet are helping in reducing the noise contamination, some even incorporate noise detectors for pedestrian’s security
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URBASER
SECE, S.A.
A
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electric vehicles in urban service fleets quarter of Urbaser’s fleet, in charge of the street cleaning and waste collection in Barcelona, has been substituted by electric vehicles: 22 Micro Vett Ducato trucks (3,500 kg), 18 auxiliary Piaggio Porter vehicles (1,800 kg), 5 gas-electric hybrid Mercedes Econic trucks (26,000 kg), 3 bicycles, 2 sweepers (2,150 kg) and 1 Fiat Doblo (2,150 kg). The recharges are done through an intelligent system at three different work centers. Supervision of the system allows coordinating the recharges and knowing in real time, besides the state of the charge, the incidents, consumption and energy savings and emissions of each unit. According to an analysis of Urbaser the performance of electric vehicles, two years after their deployment, is optimal. The electric units consume a third less than combustion units, although the initial inversion in vehicles, batteries and recharge systems is a 40/50% higher, despite the subsidies. This difference is reduced as the number of kilometers covered increases. The difference of costs is not as evident as might seem at first sight when in the economic balance we include the environmental and health benefits that electric mobility provides. Taking into account the complete fleet of 285 units, the annual CO2 emissions have been reduced by 115 tons.
Electric vehicles in street lighting maintenance n 2008 the street lighting maintenance company SECE (Spanish Society for Electric Constructions), decides to renew progressively their fleet to other vehicles more efficient and less emissions. One year later electricity is introduced in 23 of the more than 150 vehicles of the fleet. The most important innovations have been made in the trucks that are used to repair the lights. In these trucks, fueled by compressed natural gas, an electric rack has been added and the hydraulic and other diverse engine components have been redesigned to achieve minimal loss of charge and maximal performance. The gas engine is only used for travel and electricity activates the rack. As 70% of the time during change or repair of street lights is done with the engine idling and only a 30% is used in travel from one street light to another, it has been possible to reduce emissions by more than 80% and avoid noise contamination during daytime and nighttime jobs. The 16 electric Fiat Fiorino Micro Vett units (1,700 kg) are used for transport of personnel and materials and for underground repairs, inspections and verifications, among other. The lithium batteries are charged at 16 intelligent recharge points located at the company once the work shifts end.
The electric mobility segment
The behavior of the new electric vehicles satisfies the officers of public services fleets and the drivers. In the case of the busses, driving is smooth
Companies in charge of public services like Urbaser have installed intelligent rechargers at the parking lots of their working locations that supervise the charge
TMB and SIemens
Private fleets
Hybrid busses in Barcelona, the fleet reconversion.
Companies that think green and add up their experience to the public initiative
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f the new busses that circulate through Barcelona, four combine electric and diesel engine. The fifth is a diesel bus prototype reconverted to hybrid. They are a result of TBM’s (Metropolitan Transports of Barcelona) R&D program by name Retrofit, with state of the art Siemens technology. Traction is completely electric. It means that the diesel engine is one of the principal innovations of the program as it is only used as an electricity generator. ELFA technology guarantees up to 40% energy savings as it recovers energy when slowing down and braking and favors smooth driving. To these advantages other have to be summed up like the low noise of the engine that reduces acoustic contamination by up to 50%. As the new busses consume about 25-30% less fuel, the reduction of greenhouse gas and contaminating particle emissions is proportional. However, increasing on short term the electric traction bus fleet –TMB’s objective– would be impossible only through the annual aged car renovation. The company has already ordered Siemens the reconversion of 80 diesel busses to electric traction cars; after obtaining the efficiency and environmental improvement results of the prototype, similar to new vehicles.
The electric mobility segment
he more than 250 electric vehicles that operate in Barcelona’s municipal services fleets has generated much knowledge on electric mobility for both the operators and the involved industry. The contribution is complemented by the involvement of companies that think green and have started a process similar to those of the public initiative in their own fleets. In this fashion, Correos (Spanish post) is going to start in 2008 a pilot plan to study the performance of ecologic vehicles in urban and historic town centers. At the moment, 12 electric motorcycles distribute correspondence in Barcelona. Other private services, like supermarket delivery services are beginning to be done by means of electric vehicles that contribute in lessening carbon dioxide and other contamination particles emissions. Caprabo-Eroski and Condis are pioneers in incorporating electric mobility for delivery service. At the same time, the deployment of the public recharge infrastructure and the ecologic conscience of the citizens has favored the appearance of private innovating initiatives at the hand of electric mobility. This is the case of Cooltra, the first company of motorcycle rental in Europe to include electric scooters in its fleet. The company offers for rent 30 state of the art electric motorcycles in Barcelona to visit the city.
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CONFERENCES AND EVENTS
DATES
PLACE
WEB
IX Spanish ITS Congress 5-7 April 2011
Hotel Barcel贸 Sants. Barcelona.
www.itsspain.com
EV Battery Forum Europe 12-14 April 2011
CCIB Centre de Convencions Internacional de Barcelona Barcelona
www.evbatteryforum.com
International Motor Show 14-22 May 2011
Montju茂c Venue Fira Barcelona. Barcelona
www.salonautomovil.com
Shanghai Motor Show and 1st 21-28 April 2011 Shanghai International Electric Vehicle pilot City and Industry Development Forum 2011 Ecoseries
www.iea.org
March-October 2011 Different circuits www.ecoraces.net through catalonia
Mobility Week September 2011 Barcelona
www.bcn.cat/ setmanamobilitat
October 2011 Circuit de Catalunya F贸rmula El猫ctrica
mobilitatelectrica.word press.com
27-30 March 2012 Amsterdam Intertraffic Fair 2012
www.amsterdam.inter traffic.com
Electric Vehicle Simposium 27 - 2013
www.evs26.org
October 2013
Barcelona
All the latest news and information about electric mobility can be found at www.bcn.cat/livebarcelona