Spring 2015 The Chronicle - Bates Nursing History Center at Penn Nursing

ISSN 1049-2259

Spring 2015, Vol. 27 No. 1

PRESERVING OUR

COVER STORY Bates Center launches Capital Campaign page 5

FUTURE The Chronicle is the official publication of the Barbara Bates Center for The Study of The History of Nursing

Barbara Bates Center for The Study of The History of Nursing About the Center The Barbara Bates Center for The Study of The History of Nursing was established in 1985 to encourage and facilitate historical scholarship on health care history and nursing in the United States. Part of the Center’s mission is to maintain resources for research, to improve the quality and scope of historical scholarship on nursing, and to disseminate new knowledge on nursing history through educational programs, conferences, publications, seminars and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Center Hours are Monday through Friday, 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM. Scholars planning to conduct research at the Center should e-mail nhistory@nursing.upenn.edu or call 215-8984502. Our Center staff will respond with a description of the scope and content of relevant materials in the various collections.

Center Advisory Board Neville Strumpf, Chair Ellen D. Baer Susan Behrend Dorothy del Bueno Hannah Henderson Sandra Lewenson Joan Lynaugh Marian Matez Richard J. Pinola Elise Pizzi Robert Aronowitz (consultant) Mark Frazier Lloyd (consultant) Gates Rhodes (consultant) Center Directors Julie Fairman, PhD, RN, FAAN, Director Barbra Mann Wall, PhD, RN, FAAN Associate Director Jean C. Whelan, PhD, RN, Assistant Director Joan E. Lynaugh, PhD, RN, FAAN, Director Emerita

News from the Center JULIE FAIRMAN NAMED CHAIR OF PENN NURSING’S DEPARTMENT OF BIOBEHAVIORAL HEALTH SCIENCES Congratulations are in order for Center Director Julie Fairman who, effective January 1, 2015, was appointed the Chair of the Biobehavioral Health Sciences (BHS) Department at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing.

Dr. Fairman has a long history with the School of Nursing and has held multiple leadership and administrative roles within the School and on a national level. She has extensive expertise in teaching, service, research, and policy that has allowed her to be a successful mentor to faculty and students. She has been a Penn Nursing Faculty member for more than twenty years and is the Nightingale Professor of Nursing as well as the Director here at the Bates Center since 2006. She is an active and well-funded researcher in the field of 20th Century health care and Center Director health policy. In recent years, she has also become acJulie Fairman, PhD, RN, FAAN tive at the state and national policy levels on the Future of Nursing initiative, collaborating and serving in various leadership roles with the Institute of Medicine, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Pennsylvania Action Coalition. Currently, she is the Co-Director of the RWJF Future of Nursing Scholars Program.

In order to facilitate a smooth transition for the Bates Center, Dr. Fairman will continue to serve as Director through the end of the academic year when a successor will be named by Penn Nursing Dean Antonia Villarruel.

CENTER FACULTY AWARDED PRESTIGIOUS AWARD AT THE 2014 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE HISTORY OF NURSING CONFERENCE

Center Fellows J. Margo Brooks-Carthon, PhD, CRNP Cynthia Connolly, PhD, RN, FAAN Patricia D’Antonio, PhD, RN, FAAN, Julie Solchaski, PhD, RN, FAAN, Ann Marie Walsh Brennan, PhD, RN Center Staff Jessica Clark, MA, Archivist Tiffany Collier, MA, Center Administrator Elisa Stroh Center Research Assistant Center Volunteers Ginny Cameron Thora Williams

(l to r) Jean Whelan, Joan Lynaugh, Julie Fairman, and Patricia D’Antonio at the 2014 AAHN Awards Ceremony held on the campus of University of Connecticut

The Bates Center is pleased to announce that Center Director Julie Fairman, Center Fellow Patricia D’Antonio and Assistant Director Jean C. Whelan were the recipients of the Mary M. Roberts award at the 31st Annual Nursing and Health Care History Conference continued on next page

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GRANTS Dr. Cynthia Connolly received a Course Development Grant to develop an Undergraduate Nursing Course on the Child Welfare System from the Netter Center for Community Partnerships Academically Based Community Service (ABCS).

Several faculty members continue work on on-going grants.

Center Assistant Director Jean Whelan, PhD, RN was reelected as president of AAHN

of the American Association for the History of Nursing for the Routledge Handbook on the Global History of Nursing. The groundbreaking book highlights nursing in far reaching ways – from lived experiences of illnesses,to accounts on community organizations and institutions from a global perspective. The Roberts award is presented annually to recognize outstanding original research and writing in an editorial book of nursing history.

In addition to the Mary M. Roberts award, the Routledge Handbook on Global Nursing History was selected as a CHOICE 2014 Outstanding Academic title. CHOICE titles are a prestigious list of reviews compiled by the Association of College & Research Libraries, which is a division of the American Library Association.

In other AAHN conference news, Jean Whelan was also reelected as president of the organization for the 2014-2016 term.

In addition, Patricia D’Antonio received the 2014 Mary Adelaide Nutting Award for her article “Cultivating Constituencies: The Story of the East Harlem Nursing and Health Service, 1928-1941.”

The 2014 AAHN conference was co-sponsored by the University Of Connecticut School Of Nursing and was held on UCONN’s campus. The celebratory event was well-attended and provided many highlights on current scholarly work focused on nursing history and its impact on health care policy as a whole. The 2015 AAHN conference promises to be bigger than ever with a record number of abstract submissions.

The conference is being co-sponsored by the University College Dublin (UCD) and will be held Dublin, Ireland (see back cover for more information).

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Dr. J. Margo Brooks Carthon continues working on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars Program for her study entitled “Patient and nurse perspectives of hospital readmission disparities.”

Dr. Julie Fairman continues work on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s “Expanding access to health care by removing APRN practice barriers: Lessons from Pennsylvania” grant and the RWJF Campaign for Action research manager – year 3 project. She also continues work on the $20 million RWJF Future of Nursing Scholars Program Grant.

Dr. Jean Whelan continues work on the Benjamin & Mary Siddons Measey Foundation’s Colloquium Series, “Enduring issues in American health care: New dialogues for the present using the past,” as well as the National Endowment for the Humanities’ Preservation Assistance Grant for Smaller Institutions (see page 11 for recap of the first colloquium in the series).

PUBLICATIONS Connolly, C.A. (2014). Penicillin’s seventieth anniversary. American Journal of Nursing, 114, 65-67.

D’Antonio, P. (2014). A legacy of leadership. In Leslie Flowers, A legacy of leadership: 100th anniversary of the Indiana University School of Nursing. Indianapolis: Indiana School of Nursing.

D’Antonio, P. (2014) “The State of the art in the History of Nursing,” Temperamentvn International Journal for the History of Nursing and Thinking (Spain), 19, 1-5.

D’Antonio, P. (2014). Lessons learned: Nursing and health demonstration projects in New York City, 1920-1935. Policy, Politics, and Nursing Practice, 14(3-4), 133-141.

D’Antonio, P., Beeber, L., Sills, G., & Naegle, M. (2014). The future in the past: Hildegard Peplau and interpersonal relations in nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 21(4), 311-317.

Fairman, J., Collier, T., & Stroh, E. (2014). Consider Ferguson’s health-care disparities. Philadelphia Inquirer, The public’s health (blog) http://www.philly.com/philly/ blogs/public_health/Ferguson-A-tale-ofhealth-disparities.html.

Nicely, K. L. W., & Fairman, J. (2014).

Postgraduate Nurse Practitioner residency programs: Supporting transition to practice.

Academic Medicine., (20) 10.

Johnson, L., & Wall, B.M. (2014).

Women, religion, and maternal health care in Ghana, 1945 - 2000. Family and Community Health, 37 (3), 223-230.

Reckart, M. and Wall, B.M. (2014). Resistance and religion: health care in Uganda, 1971-1979, Family Community Health, 37 (3), 231-238.

Wall, B.M. (2014). Editorial: Nursing research in disasters: the possibilities and the promises. Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing, 1, 1-5.

Wall, B.M. (2014). Special contribution: Highlights from the launch celebration seminar of Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing: Nursing research in disasters, the possibilities and promises. Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing, 1, 6-10.

PRESENTATIONS D’Antonio, P. Speaker at the WHO Tenth Conference of the Global Network Collaborating Centres for Nursing and Midwifery / Executive Meeting of the WHO Global Network Collaborating Centres for Nursing and Midwifery, July 2014. Coimbra, Portugal.

D’Antonio, P. “The nature of nursing knowledge.” Speaker at the American Association for the History of Nursing, September 2014. Storrs, CT. D’Antonio, P. “Practicing nursing: The future emerges hand-in-hand with medicine.”

Speaker at the Measey Foundation and the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing Colloquium on the History of Health Care, September 2014.

Philadelphia,PA. continued on next page 3

Fairman, J. “The past and present of nursing science in USA.” Speaker at the University of Rome, May 2014. Rome, Italy.

Fairman, J. “Future of nursing: Orientating the change and guiding the care toward the excellence.” Speaker at the Centro Di Eccellenza Per La Cultura E La Ricerca Infermieristica, May 2014. Rome, Italy.

Nishida, K. “A new training school for nurses with American methods and standards: St. Luke’s College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan, 1920-1934.” Paper presentation at the 31st Annual AAHN Nursing Conference, September 18-21, 2014. Hartford, CT. Nishida, K. “The gendered nuances of the transnational space at St. Luke’s College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan (1920-1947).” Lillian Brunner Fellow speaker at the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing Seminar Series, November 18, 2014. Philadelphia, PA Wall, B.M. “Religion and nursing in early Utah: Catholic sisters and Mormon women.” Invited keynote speaker at the Centennial Celebration, Utah Nurses Association, October 2014. Salt Lake City, UT. Wall, B.M., Kutney-Lee, A.“Nursing outcomes in the Civil War: The importance of place and training.” Speaker at the Ameri-

can Association for the History of Nursing Conference, September 2014. Hartford, CT. Whelan, J.C., Clark, J. “The American Journal of Nursing lantern slide collection: What it tells us about early professional nursing.” Invited speaker at the Wagner Free Institute of Science, October 8, 2014.

Philadelphia, PA. Whelan, J.C. “One year after major healthcare changes: Where are we now?”

Invited panelist at the Wharton Undergraduate Healthcare Club, An Evening With Healthcare Leaders, November 16, 2014.

Philadelphia, PA.

APPOINTMENTS & OTHER NEWS Dr. Patricia D’Antonio was appointed the 2014-2015 Chair of the Wartime Nurse Heroes Taskforce for the 2013-2015 Sigma Theta Tau International Biennium.

Dr. Patricia D’Antonio was appointed to the 2014-2015 William Welch Medal Committee of the American Association for the History of Medicine.

Dr. Jean Whelan was appointed as a 2014-2016 reviewer to the Nursing Research

Review Committee of the American Nurses Foundation.

Echoes&

Evidence NURSING HISTORY AND HEALTH POLICY BLOG

www.historian.nursing.upenn.edu BARBARA BATES CENTER

photo credit: Defining Studios, UCONN, AAHN

2014

UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT

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COVER STORY

PRESERVING OUR FUTURE

BY TIFFANY H. COLLIER

THE BATES CENTER LAUNCHES A CAPITAL CAMPAIGN TO SPEAK TO THE 21ST CENTURY

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he story of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing’s new capital campaign has its roots in a story that ran in this newsletter 25 years ago. A friend of the Center, Dorothy Harvey Leonard, made a modest gift of $1,000 that had accumulated from an insurance policy from her father. The newsletter featured Dorothy’s story under the heading “Securing the Future of the Center,” and in a small way her gift did just that. Because of Dorothy Harvey Leonard, and many others, the Center met and exceeded a goal of $1 million dollars that established its endowment and has allowed it to operate and thrive. Through the years, the Center has benefited from supporters from all backgrounds who have understood the importance of preserving nursing’s history for future generations. We now enter a new era in the Center’s lauded history, one where its mission – to ensure the generation of historical knowledge, scholarship, and research on healthcare and nursing – has taken on global significance. The Center has launched an exciting capital campaign with the goal of raising $750,000, but that is just the beginning. Preserving Our Future is a statement on where the Center is today and where it is going. It aligns with the core principles of the University of Pennsylvania’s Compact 2020, which aims to increase access to intellectual resources through inclusion; integrate knowledge across academic disciplines through innovation; and to engage individuals and communities locally, nationally, and globally in order to impact the world.

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Center Fellow Cynthia Connolly (center) joins students and representatives of the College of Physicians Karabots Fellows Program in the Center’s Ellen D. Baer Reading Room

The Center’s archives have grown exponentially and now include the papers of innovators such as Betty Neuman, who developed one of the most widely used theoretical models on nursing in the 20th century, as well as the extensive archives of the National Fund for Medical Education, which began in the 1940’s as a critical funding source for health care training programs and schools in the US. The varied scope of the archival materials held by the Bates Center make it the largest repository for primary and secondary source material on the history of nursing in the world. As we move into a new age in health care where the role of the nurse has taken on increased prominence, there is an urgent need to understand the evolution of the professionalization of nursing and its vital historical role to society as a whole. The Bates Center understands this urgency, which is why there is a renewed commitment to broadening the range of collections and illuminating histories that have long been ignored. For example, the papers of Mary Starke Harper, currently unprocessed, represent over 65 years of her medical career. Harper, who had been the last surviving member of the Tuskegee syphilis project until her death in 2006, was a prolific researcher who is said to have written hundreds of articles, and yet a quick

literature review reveals that she “officially” published only a few articles. The Mary Starke Harper papers contain untapped material on health care disparities, studies of mental health nursing, and her first-hand accounts as a government administrator charting a new course for minority nurses in the 20th century. Collections like Harper’s need to be accessible to researchers because they provide an inclusive voice to the discourse of today.

Beyond diversifying current and future acquisitions, the Center is seeking out new ways to innovate and expand knowledge of nursing history to new audiences. For example, the Center’s recently launched blog, Echoes and Evidence (historian. nursing.upenn.edu) is providing dialogue on nursing and health care history and policy implications in an inventive way.

Furthermore, as noted in the Spring 2014 edition of The Chronicle, Center faculty are at the forefront of integrating nursing history into the curriculum in a way that informs contemporary discussions of health care. In addition, the Center remains committed to finding innovative ways to digitize and present collections to the public through collaborative enterprise that bolsters the Center’s central role in presenting a nuanced vision of nursing’s place in narratives on

health care, as well as presenting scholarship that highlights the intersectionality of nursing history to historical analyses of gender, religion, race, and socioeconomic trends.

Though digitization of Center resources is a top priority, we remain committed to preserving and conserving the physical archives of the Center. For instance, through a small matching grant provided by the Conservation Center for Art & Historic Artifacts, the Bates Center was able to craft an extensive preservation plan that provided a framework for establishing processing and preservation goals and priorities. The Center has worked to standardize collections care policies, and is currently in the process of refining and updating its disaster planning strategies in order to ensure the safety and security of the archives. In addition, the Center received a small grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities that provided funding for upgrading our environmental monitoring devices, as well as providing UV absorbing sleeves for Center light fixtures and window filters. These resources are all part of Center efforts to preserve archival holdings.

In terms of collections conservation, there have been efforts to identify archival collections that are most vulnerable to

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deterioration. These collections include the archives of the American Journal of Nursing, which is one the oldest nursing journals in the world, a small collection of rare books documenting early nursing history, and the records of Episcopal Hospital of Philadelphia, which date back to 1851 and include some of the earliest known documents from the North Philadelphia hospital. These collections range from poor to fair condition and require extensive conservation in order to make them accessible to researchers. A commitment to conserving these and other carefully curated collections from the 19th to late 20th century remain critical to the Center because they provide insight into American health care that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The true innovation of the Bates Center lies in its rich resources, which is why preserving the future involves sustaining the archival collections for generations to come.

As Penn’s Compact 2020 illustrates, to truly make an impact, communities must be engaged locally, nationally, and globally. The Bates Center continues to explore collaborative discourse with other nursing history and health care organizations both domestic and abroad. Indeed, one of the Center’s long gestating projects would involve conducting a summer workshop for international scholars that would provide an opportunity for our world-class faculty to mentor and inspire future nursing historians. Other opportunities for community engagement involve opening the Center to groups and organizations interested in nursing history. For example, in the summer of 2014 Center Fellow Cynthia Connolly hosted a group of students from the Karabots Junior Fellows Program at the Center. The Karabots Fellows program of the College of Physicians provides practical assistance, mentoring, and academic support to Philadelphia high school students currently underrepresented in health care professions.

The Center is also currently working with a group of students from the Franklin Learning Center who are engaged in research on nursing history. Community engagement is central to the dissemination of Center resources on a global level and it is a key way to foster the next generation of scholars and researchers.

The Center’s campaign builds on an already solid foundation of nearly 30 years of thoughtful historical analysis of nursing’s past. An attainable goal of $750,000 will provide the necessary investment in order to take the next big step forward that will continue to establish nursing historical inquiry as central to scholarship on health care. Now is the moment for concise action. It is the moment where the Center boldly expands upon its resources, scope and outreach. Your support at this critical moment will ensure the Center’s lasting legacy and impact. As Dorothy Harvey Leonard illustrated many years ago, the Center has always relied on a broad base of supporters who share a commitment to the exploration of nursing and health care policy, research, practice, and education through an historical lens. Join us in this important work towards preserving nursing’s future.

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PRESERVING OUR FUTURE: AT-A-GLANCE CAMPAIGN GOAL: $750,000 Campaign funds will aid towards the Center’s larger fundraising goals, which include: Building Our Endowment: Our endowment assures the permanent presence of the Center, its staff and its research mission.

Endowment income is targeted for: • Support of a full time archivist

• Acquisition and maintenance of collections

eg. Processing Mary Starke Harper papers e.g. Microfiche collections

• Conservation of collections

e.g. Conserving collections from the American Journal of Nursing

& Episcopal Hospital

• Creation and maintenance of digital collections e.g. Mary Clymer diary digitization

e.g. Digitization of Mercy Douglass archive and website

SPECIAL PROJECTS Special projects further outreach initiatives of the Center by providing ways to cultivate the next generation of nursing historians.

• Pre-Doctoral student fellowship in nursing history • Summer workshop for international scholars • Faculty and student support for travel, pilot studies, and salary support • Diversification of Center holdings through targeted acquisitions of racial and ethnic minority individual nurses, institutions and leaders collections • Renovation of the Center’s conference room that will enable sophisticated video conferencing capabilities and increased seating • Creation of an endowed chair in nursing history For more information on the Preserving Our Future campaign, please visit the Center’s website at www.nursing.upenn.edu/history

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Center presents lantern slide collection at the wagner institute

Scans of several latern slides held by the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing presented at the 2nd annual Lantern Slide Salon

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his fall, the Bates Center was pleased to be a presenter at the Wagner Institute’s 2nd annual Philadelphia Lantern Slide Salon, an event held in conjunction with the 2014 Archives Month (Philly) events. The Salon showcased lantern slides, which are some of the earliest forms of projected images, from several local archives and special collections, including the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, the Historical Society of Frankford, the Athenaeum of Philadelphia, and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Assistant Director Jean C. Whelan & Archivist Jessica Clark presented the Center’s slides, culled primarily from the archives of the American Journal of Nursing, as an overview of the evolution of nursing practice and health care. The lantern slides showcased early 19th to mid-20th century photographs, as well as 18th century illustrations and sketches The Center currently holds close to 200 lantern slides, which range in condition from very good to poor. Many of the slides have cracks or are completely shattered. Efforts are underway to obtain funding to preserve the existing slides, which would involve reinforcing the slides with protective glass and restoring the original binding tape. In addition to the preservation process, the Center would seek to digitize the slides as high resolution images that could be added to our growing digital assets. The preservation of these slides is one of the main goals of the Center’s current capital campaign. The Center is thankful to the Wagner Institute’s Librarian, Lynn Dorwaldt, for her work in facilitating the event.

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2014 Wilkerson fellow Phoebe Pollitt researches North Carolina Nursing history

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t was an honor to be the recipient of the 2014 Karen Buhler-Wilkerson Fellowship for Historical Research in Nursing from the Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing. I was able to travel to Philadelphia for a week in 2014 to research African-American and Cherokee nurses in Appalachia from 19001965, whose stories are largely unknown because few primary or secondary documents exist recounting their experiences. The Bates Center is one of the only repositories with the records of the National Organization of Public Health Nurses (NOPHN), which proved very useful.

The NOPHN was formed in 1912 as a cooperative effort between nurses and lay people. Its mission was to promote public health in the US, and it is believed to be the first nursing organization of its kind to have an office and executive director at its helm.

The Bates Center holds 25 microfilm reels of the NOPHN records, which were purchased from the National Library of Medicine in 1985. The NOPHN records span the full history of the organization and provide an important account of public health nursing in the first half of the 20th century.

In addition to researching the Center’s NOPHN records, I was also able to spend time in the Swarthmore College archives reading accounts of the Christiansburg (VA) Colored Industrial Institute Hospital which

Penn Nursing Science - Spring 2015, Vol. 27, No. 1

Screenshot of the North Carolina Nursing History Website (http://nursinghistory.appstate.edu/)

was affiliated with the Friends Freedmen’s Association. I also went to the Presbyterian Historical Society PC(USA) Archives. At the Presbyterian archives I delved into the story of the Knoxville College Hospital and its nursing school.

My primary area of research is now North Carolina African-American and Cherokee nurses. I usually write about nurses who lived and made contributions in the Tar Heel state. However, while I was at the Bates Center, preparations were underway for a reception for the graduates of the

Philadelphia Mercy Douglas Hospital School of Nursing. Ms. Lula G. Warlick, R.N. was the superintendent of nursing there for many years and was a North Carolina native. I was inspired to review the records of the Mercy Douglas Hospital School of Nursing and add a lot of information about Warlick to the North Carolina Nursing History website.

Additionally, I was fortunate enough to attend Penn Nursing Former Dean Afaf Meleis’s farewell event and was moved by her amazing contributions to our profession.

Thank you to the Bates Center!

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center welcomes Richard j. pinola as new advisory board member

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he Bates Center continues to add to its impressive advisory board roster. Our newest member is Richard (Rich) J. Pinola. An accomplished businessman, Rich Pinola is a Principal in GPS Investment Group, LLC, Investment Counselors and the retired Chief Executive Officer of Right Management Consultants. Rich served as Right’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman from 1994 through January 2004. Under Rich’s leadership, Right was named by Forbes magazine as one of the “200 Best Small Companies in America” and appeared on Business Week’s list of “100 Best Small Corporations.” During his tenure, Rich led the firm in revolutionizing its businesses through careful strategic planning that dramatically raised its presence in Europe, Latin America, Japan, Australia, and Asia-Pacific.

With more than thirty years of business experience, Rich, a CPA, brought a unique combination of strengths in finance, sales, marketing, human resources, executive compensation, investor relations, and internal operations. He has an outstanding record of proven success in restructuring organizations and achieving turnaround results in performance, growth, and profitability. Prior to joining Right Management Consultants, Rich was President and Chief Operating Officer of Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, a diversified financial services firm. He also was a CPA with PriceWaterhouse and Co. Rich is a Director on the board of Bankrate.com, where he serves on various committees. He is also Chairman of the Audit Committee of two real estate investment trusts (Corporate Property Associates Richard J. Pinola 17 and 18), both managed by W. P. Carey, Inc. Rich serves on the boards of the Visiting Nurses Association, King’s College and he currently is the Chairman of the Philadelphia chapter of the Duke of Edinburgh Award Program. Rich previously served on the Boards of KTRON International, Nobel Learning Communities and Kenexa Inc. Rich has been a regular speaker on worldwide workforce issues, and has been a guest lecturer at various business schools, including the Yale School of Management, Wharton, and WP Carey Business School, and Worldwide American Chambers of Commerce. He has served on the boards of directors of the American Lung Association, Janney Montgomery Scott, the Life Office Management Association, and the Horsham Clinic. Rich was the Founder and Director of The Living Wills Archive Company and a Founder and board member of the Mutual Association for Professional Services.

Rich graduated from King’s College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania with a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting. He also attended The University of Scranton Business School and Columbia University’s School of Executive Management. Welcome Rich!

EPIDEMICS AND ENDEMICS: MESSAGES FROM THE PAST, LESSONS FOR TOMORROW SPEAKERS: Drs. David Barnes & Cynthia Connolly

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enduring issues in american health care colloquium surveys health care history

Photo Credit: Dan Burke Photography

great

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he Bates Center held its first Enduring Issues in American Health Care colloquium, “Professionalizing Nursing and Medicine: The Early Years,” on Saturday, September 27th at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing. The colloquium series, generously funded by the Benjamin & Mary Siddons Measey Foundation, was created to illuminate the histories of medicine and nursing, and to explore the ways that both professions evolved within the framework of interaction, separation, and collaboration between the years of 1800 to 2000.

The September 27th event featured leading scholars in nursing, medical and health care history and was themed on the lived experiences of early 20th century nurses, physicians and patients. Dr. Steven Peitzman (Drexel College of Medicine) opened the session with a thoughtprovoking discussion of medical school curriculum and other educational changes occurring in the late 19th century. Peitzman discussed how medical education both responded to changes in the field of medicine, and also influenced structural foci that would endure throughout the 20th century to the present day. Consequently, Dr. Peitzman observed that 2014 medical school graduates are the product of a surprisingly static structure upon which enthusiasms and imperatives come and go, real change seems always in the offing, and the ideals of science prevail.

Dr. Patricia D’Antonio (Penn Nursing) addressed the late 19th century experiences of women nurses as seen through their own eyes, arguing that new knowledge about medical science, rather than the practices of Florence Nightingale, formed the revolutionary dividing line between traditional nursing roles and modern professional practice. This historical form of education and practice represented a mutually constitutive process of women seeking medical knowledge and physicians seeking knowledgeable women. It laid the groundwork for the various iterations of interdisciplinary practices that characterize collaborations throughout the 20th and 21st first centuries.

Dr. Jeffrey Brosco (University of Miami) discussed the connections between health care practitioners and patients, noting that trainees in the healing arts have frequent, and often intimate, interactions with the people living in nearby neighborhoods. Dr. Brosco argued that whatever formal curriculum may prescribe, health care education is deeply influenced by witnessing local variations of cultural practices and socioeconomic forces in determining access to health care. For patients, nearby medical and nursing schools are mixed blessings. Individual patients see themselves as more than objects of training, of course, and their attempts to remain healthy and recover from illness may conflict with the values and goals of health professionals. The interaction of patients and pediatric medical institutions 100 years ago in Philadelphia is a microcosm of medicine, education, and place—and reflects enduring tensions and opportunities in health care.

Noted Writer, Historian, and Physician Dr. Barron Lerner (New York University Langone School of Medicine) concluded the event with an insightful commentary on all three colloquium speakers, drawing connections to our current health care system.

Throughout the day, attendees had a significant amount of time to interact with the speakers and each other during informal discussions.

Overall, the Center’s first Enduring Issues in American Health Care colloquium was well received and provided an excellent framework for the second event, which will focus on epidemics and endemics and will be held at the College of Physicians on September 10, 2015. More details will be posted to the Center’s website (www.nursing.upenn.edu/history).

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BATES CENTER ACQUIRES AFAF I. MELEIS COLLECTION

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he Bates Center is pleased to acquire the archives of Dr. Afaf I. Meleis’ professional work. Donated by Dr. Meleis, this collection focuses on her career while at Penn, as well as some of her prior professional activities, including earlier speeches, presentations, and organizational meetings beginning in the 1960s. In addition, the collection includes personal materials, such as family photographs and a DVD of an interview with Meleis’ mother, a nurse midwife who was the first woman in Egypt to earn both a bachelor’s and master’s degree in nursing. This collection spans decades, but concentrates specifically on her tenure as the fifth Dean of the School of Nursing from 2002-2014. The Center will be processing this collection in the near future with funding generously donated by Dr. Meleis.

Dr. Meleis is a prolific writer who has authored over 170 articles, more than 40 chapters as well as seven books, the most recent of which is 2013’s Women’s Health and the World’s Cities: The City in the Twenty-First Century (co-written with Eugenie L. Birch). Her work focuses (broadly) on global health and women’s health, nursing education, and theoretical nursing. In addition to writing, Dr. Meleis is a coveted presenter and keynote speaker on issues within nursing and international health.

Her collection documents these activities as well as the numerous visual materials she gathered and created for those pieces.

Also included in her presentations and articles are research notes, correspondence, travel documents, and other supporting materials for these endeavors.

During her five decades of dedicated professional work, Dr. Meleis has received numerous awards and honors as well as several honorary doctorates and professorships from around the world. Her collection reflects a fraction of these prestigious honors. Dr. Meleis graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of Alexandria (1961), earned an MS in nursing (1964), an MA in sociology (1966) and a PhD in medical and social psychology (1968) from the University of California, Los Angeles.

Prior to coming to Penn, Dr. Meleis was a professor on the faculty of nursing at the University of California Los Angeles and the University of California San Francisco for 34 years.

These materials document Dr. Meleis dedication to nursing knowledge, global health, immigrant and international health, women’s health, and the theoretical development of the nursing discipline. Items that highlight her efforts include conference materials, correspondence, minutes of meetings, and reports for various organizations that she served, including the Global Health Council, IOM Committee on U.S. Commitment to Global Health, C.A.R.E. (Cooperative for Assistance & Relief Everywhere), the American Academy of Nursing , and the International Council on Women’s Health Issues.

This remarkable collection will be organized primarily chronologically, beginning with her biographical information, professional work both pre-Penn and at Penn, publications, and finally photographs. All University of Pennsylvania related documents from Dr. Meleis are housed at University Archives, however the Bates Center is honored to receive her speeches, publications, community work, and organizational contributions. The collection is open to researchers with limited restrictions in place until 2025. Please contact the Center staff for more information about publication and research access. (61 linear feet).

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Center acquisitions report

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he Bates Center has been privileged to acquire new accessions in the past year that expand existing holdings, as well as new collections from nursing leaders and innovators. These accessions highlight the lives and activities of nurses, training schools, and war time nurses from WWI to the present day. The Bates Center is honored to have the opportunity to preserve these resources and to make them available for research use. Processing of these valuable collections is critical in order to ensure their accessibility to researchers and scholars globally. To donate to the processing of these and other collections, please visit www.nursing.upenn.edu/historygiving. - Jessica Clark, Archivist (Twitter: @ArchivistJessC) Henrietta Anna Wiltzius: World War I Materials (1889-1970): Generously donated by Suzanne White, this collection documents Henrietta Wiltzius’ first-hand experience as a nurse during World War I. Spanning from 1918-1920, these materials primarily consist of official American Red Cross photographs, scrapbook pages, and memorabilia. Photographs document the region where Wiltzius was stationed in the Balkans as well as the awarding of the Serbian War Medal to her unit in 1919.

Scrapbook pages follow her time during WWI from Paris, France to the Balkans, and the stops and trips she made during the war. Pages include booklets, travel documents, photographs, and notes. This collection also contains numerous medals and pins she received during her time in the Army as well as an American Red Cross flag and the book Official: History of American Red Cross. (1.2 linear feet)

The Chautauqua School of Nursing (1900-1927): This recent accretion to the Chautauqua School of Nursing collection, donated generously by Tim Fortune, enhances the wonderful collection of the correspondence nursing school. Items in the accession include the book How I Became a Nurse, The Chautauqua School of Nursing, bank correspondence, and student quotes about the school.

(0.3 linear feet)

Miscellaneous World War I Materials (c. 1918): This collection of letters will be added to the Center’s Small Manuscripts Collection upon processing. These letters were written or received by an Army nurse(s) towards the end of the First World War. The documents were passed down to Joan Mason who graciously donated them to the Center. We are thrilled to include them in the Center’s growing military nursing collections (0.1 linear feet)

Constance Holleran (1934-2014): The Bates Center is pleased to accept additional materials donated

by Constance Holleran, former executive director of the International Council of Nurses (ICN), for her archival collection. These materials include several publications and printed materials, a scrapbook, photographs, correspondence and general items as well as handwritten notes during her time at the ICN. In its totality, the collection of personal papers documents her dedication to promoting primary care and nursing education in developing countries. This collection has been processed. (0.5 linear feet, total collection 1.2 linear feet)

Julia Plotnick (1992-2014): In addition to a donation to her own collection, Constance Holleran provided the Bates Center with additional materials for former US Chief Nursing Officer and Assistant Surgeon General Julia Plotnick’s collection. These items include VHS tapes, materials related to her work in Rwanda and Romania, as well as other world health initiatives and activities Julia was involved with between 1994-2007. These papers will enhance the important materials already in Julia Plotnick’s collection. (0.7 linear feet, total collection 7.2 linear feet)

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Center interns aid in processing of new Acquisitions

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n the Fall of 2014, Archivist Jessica Clark worked directly with two interns on several important projects aimed at preserving the Center’s resources. Laura Layne, a graduate student from Villanova University primarily aided with the digitization of a selection of documents from the Jeanne Quint Benoliel collection. During the digitization process, Laura and Jessica determined which documents to digitize in order to provide an extensive overview of Jeanne Quint Benoliel’s tremendous career as a nurse and scholar who studied the role of nursing in palliative care. Documents that have been scanned to archival standard include speeches, memos, letters, and medals earned

by Benoliel during her time as an Army nurse. Laura also composed document metadata for the collection that will be used later when the digitized collection is accessible to the public. During her time at the Center, Laura played a key role in organizing born digital materials.

Other collections Laura worked on included the processing of the Constance Holleran and Marilyn Stringer papers. The finding aids for these collections are now available online at the Bates Center’s website (www.nursing.upenn.edu/ history).

Madalyn Northuis, an undergraduate student from Hope College (Michigan), Laura Layne interned at the Center as part of PHL:EXP, a semester long program facilitated by the Philadelphia Center that offers students the opportunity to gain college credit while living and learning independently. During her time at the Bates Center, Madalyn worked on numerous tasks both in the Center archives and with faculty. One of her projects involved verifying Center inventories, processing miscellaneous materials, and updating finding aids for online access.

During her work on the archival records of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, she uncovered extraneous materials related to the PA District 1 nursing collection which were later identified and processed by Madalyn. In addition, Madalyn conducted work on verifying and transcribing the student nurse diary and lecture notes of Mary Clymer, who was the nurse featured in Thomas Eakins famed 1880 oil painting The Agnew Clinic. Using photocopies of the Clymer diary, Madalyn was able to create a more reliable transcription that will be used in a future annotation and digitization project.

Madalyn also created a database for developing a digital liberal arts course curriculum. She worked with Drs. Fairman and D’Antonio to develop course materials focusing on nurses’ stories as a way to access the history of health care.

Madalyn has incorporated data reviews into the development of the database. Her Madalyn Northuis work on this project is expected to be published in the American Association for the History of Nursing’s journal (Nursing History Review) at a later date.

14|The Chronicle |Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing|www.nursing.upenn.edu/history

2014 Alice Fisher Fellow Ronen Segev researches israeli military nursing history

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isiting the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing has been one of my aims since beginning my PhD work at TelAviv University in Israel. My doctoral studies focus on the Israeli Defense Force’s Nursing Development that occurred between the years of 1948-2000. The research intends to describe historically and chronologically the development of the military nursing in Israel from its independence to the year 2000. In recent years, there has been increased interest in researching the history of military nursing, mainly among British and American researchers. Most of the studies focus on nurses' functions during the first and the second World Wars and have a national viewpoint. A comprehensive, international historical review of the history of military nursing is still lacking. Indeed, in Israel the research on the history of nursing is still in its infancy, and in the field of military nursing I know of only one major research study that was conducted which focused on nursing in Jerusalem during the Arab-Israeli War. The Bates Center’s Alice Fisher fellowship enabled me to travel to the Center in order to locate and research its archive materials. Since I am currently conducting comparative studies of the Israeli army nursing (l to r) Jean Whelan and 2014 Alice Fisher Fellow Ronen Segev meet in the Ellen D. Baer developmental characteristics with those of the American Reading Room in front of the Alice Fisher portrait Army Nurse Corps, visiting the Center was very helpful.

While conducting research in the Ellen D. Baer reading room, I found a variety of relevant and unique military nursing’s books and other historical materials that I do not have access to in Israel.

I was also able to present my work during the Bates Center’s fall 2014 seminar series. My seminar presentation was a beneficial way to share the research findings with students and faculty. The presentation at the seminar was very productive as well because participants asked questions that provided me with a more nuanced point of view regarding my research that will be useful to my dissertation.

During my fellowship, I met a retired American army nurse who gave me valuable information about her army service from a personal point of view. I have also visited the Women’s Memorial Foundation. The excellent staff exposed me to the Army Nurse Corps’ historical documents, letters and articles. It was a great honor for me to be the recipient of the Alice Fisher Fellowship for 2014. The Center visit has enriched me and opened new doors of collaborative work with its faculty.

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Barbara Bates Center for The Study of The History of Nursing

University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Claire M. Fagin Hall (2U) 418 Curie Boulevard Philadelphia, PA 19104-4217 www.nursing.upenn.edu/history

CALENDAR The American Association for the History of Nursing and the University College Dublin’s School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Services are co-sponsoring the Association’s thirty-second annual conference to be held on September 17-20, 2015, in Dublin, Ireland. The conference provides a forum for researchers interested in sharing new scholarship that addresses events, issues, and topics pertinent to the history of the global nursing profession, its clinical practice, and the field of nursing history. Additional information about AAHN and the conference can be obtained at www. aahn.org.

ICN 2015 Congress: Global Citizen, Global Nursing, June 19-23, 2015. The ICN 2015 Congress This international gathering of thousands of nurses will

explore the importance of cross-cultural understanding and global cooperation in nursing. The Congress will also be the venue for ICN Network meetings. For more information please visit http:// www.icn2015.ch/en/.

The American Association for the History of Medicine (AAHM) 88th Annual Meeting, New Haven, Connecticut, April 30-May 3, 2015.

Please visit the AAHM website, www. histmed.org for more information.

CAHN/ACHN Annual Conference, May 29-June 1, Ottawa, ON. This year’s Canadian Association for the History of Nursing (Association canadienne pour l’histoire du nursing) will take place at the 2015 Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences in Ottawa, ON at the University of

Ottawa. Unrivaled in scope and impact, the annual Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences is the convergence of approximately 70 scholarly associations, each holding their annual conference under one umbrella. Now in its 84th year, this flagship event is much more than Canada’s largest gathering of scholars across disciplines. Congress brings together academics, researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners to share findings, refine ideas, and build partnerships that will help shape the Canada of tomorrow . Please visit http:// congress2015.ca/ for more information.

The Chronicle is published both in print and the web twice a year Editor & Designer: Tiffany Hope Collier, MA Editorial Assistant: Christine Rohaly