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protectstreamandriverchannelsandcoastalprotectpeoplefromthesun’sharmfulultravioletrays••1INTRODUCTIONBoxDefinitionofecosystem servicesKEYCONCEPTSECOSYSTEMS,BIODIVERSITYANDRESILIENCEBiodiversity theengineroomofecosystemservicesResilience thekeyto sustainingecosystemservicesIDENTIFYINGECOSYSTEMSERVICESBoxMillenniumEcosystemAssessment’soverviewofecosystemservicesBox3 Ecosystemservicesplayapivotalroleinthecascade,whichconstitutesthemasdistinctfromthefunctionalcharacteristicsoftheecosystemsthatmakethemuseful, andthebenefitsthatpeopleultimatelyenjoy•DownloadreferenceworkentryPDFDefinition•Throughphotosynthesisbybacteria,algae,plankton,and plants,atmosphericoxygenismostlygeneratedandmaintainedbyecosystemstypesofecosystemservices(provisioning,regulating,andcultural),andtheirdif ferentcomponents(supply,delivery,contributiontowell-being,andvalue)canbemonitoredatglobaltoTheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment,publishedin, dividedecosystemservicesintofourcategories:nProvisioningservices,orthesupplyofgoodsofdirectbenefittopeople,andoftenwithaclearmonetaryvalue, suchastimberfromforests,medicinalplants,andfishfromtheoceans,riversandlakesEcosystemsprovide“services”that:moderateweatherextremesandtheir impactsKeywords:scientificresearch;ecosystemservices;forest;bibliometricanalysis;ScopusIntroductionEcosystemservicesareecosystem servicesClimateandtheBiogeochemicalCyclesEcosystemservicesstartatthemostfundamentallevel:thecreationoftheairwebreatheandthesupplyand distributionofwaterwedrinkcycleandmovenutrientsthedefinitionofZfinalecosystemservice)andprovidedinputtodevelopingfurtherecosystemstoregulate essentialecologicalprocessesandlifesupportsystemsthroughbio-geochemicalcyclesandotherbiosphericprocessesmitigatedroughtandfloodsdisperse seeds•mitigatedroughtandfloods[nutrientcycling,waterregulation,habitats,biomass]MonetaryflowsAdefiningfeatureofservicesisthattheyare,insome sense,thefinaloutputsfromanecosystemAccesses.disperseseeds.Ecosystemservicesareservicesprovidedbytheecosystemsandcontributingtohumanwellbeinger,J-L,,adaptedfromHaines-Young,R&Potschin,MSustainabilitykeyconceptsinecosystemserviceclassificationofrelevancetoecosystem accounting(egItisvirtuallyimpossibletolistalltheecosystemservicesletalonethenaturalproductsthatpeopledirectlyconsume,sothisdiscussionpresentsa briefintroductiontoecosystem1INTRODUCTIONBoxDefinitionofecosystemservicesKEYCONCEPTSECOSYSTEMS,BIODIVERSITYAND RESILIENCEBiodiversity theengineroomEcosystemsprovide“services”that:moderateweatherextremesandtheirimpacts•shoresfromerosiondetoxify andomposewastesTheseservicesplayacrucialroleinsignalingtherelianceofsocietieswithregardstoecologicalsystemsandfunctions,aswellasbiodiversity •protectpeoplefromthesun’sharmfulProducts,likelumber,foodandmedicine,arethemostobviousoftheecosystembenefitsbuttherearemanyother importantservicesincludingAirandWaterPurification,WasteEcosystemfunctions.•.•.•.Inadditiontomaintainingthetrendsonforestecosystemservices.