Azhar Kapadi MArch Portfolio

azhar kapadi

Master of architecture PORTFOLIO Cardiff University 2013 - 2015 Fifth Year Unit Introduction (p2) Fifth Year Thesis Project (p5) Dissertation (p36) Fourth Year Summary (p38)

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M.Arch Design Thesis (year 5) The thesis has projected from the personal response to the study of three literary texts introduced at the start of the course. A new public realm for Wellesley Road in Croydon, particularly explores the issues of land ownership and collection of individual construction discussed by Hans Bernoulli in ‘Die Stadt und Ihr Boden’. The role of capital in its monetary form as questioned by Karl Marx, is explored in the program through the tactic of introducing refugees into this part of Croydon. The control of the commodity as an object for exchange value (money making potential) suits the bourgeoning capitalist but the refugee threatens the ‘system’, migrating, regardless of the demand for their labour. In the situation of the refugee, the immediate value of the monetary form is negligible. Rather, the situation of refugees is to create an imperative to engage in bridging capital with someone as a matter of survival.

This part of Croydon is full of derelict properties subjugating what was once the dynamic, social nucleus of the town centre. Outdated buildings and a lack of public urban space add to the melancholy felt by local residents and those seeking refuge in the UK. In the present situation, the Home Office at Lunar House, acts as interrogator, providing a distressing experience for those seeking asylum and a new Westfield Shopping Centre leads the long queue of commercial developments vying to leave their footprint in this area of London.

The thesis aims to reverse this economically motivated rationale of urban development, to one that elevates the wider community to the upmost position of control and importance. Research studying the asylum process, recognises the importance of available facilities and resources for the successful integration of refugees to the UK. The thesis intervenes in the urban fabric by creating a network of provisions for refugees that assist in engaging and developing links amongst other refugees, voluntary organisations and the wider community. These non-material aspects of survival are emphasised by the inclusion of the scheme in the centre of Croydon as to connect with the established infrastructure serving the borough.

This project envisages a prototype scheme advocating for the conversion of redundant office stock to residential living through a strategy of retrofit. Maintaining for most part, the existing structure, two post-war office towers undergo a series of transformations to adapt to a space of living and community activity. Similarly, the negative stereotype of the refugee may be challenged and transformed to offer new meaning. The synthesis of residential living, community facility and office space as a mixed-use model demonstrates the potential for re-inventing redundant space whilst remaining true to the existing urban fabric.

Welcome to the UK. Welcome to Croydon.

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Project rk Project

exts: ey texts:

Bernoulli nns Hans Bernoulli o dorno

Politics Unit I was a member of the Politics Unit, run by tutor Jacob Hotz-Hung. The unit was informed by an investigative approach to theory and design equipping our unit with the tools to deal mainly with (objects of) evolution, rather than revolution on the basis of rational thinking processes. The work of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Hans Bernoulli, forms the ground upon which one can begin to build up an argumentative tool box as the fundamental investigation, formulating alternatives by the outcome of an architectural proposal, condensing a manifestation of ‘architectural form’ and ‘political strategy’.

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produced to satisfy the wants and needs of the status quo. Are we born conditioned to fall in this production line of capitalist driven society.

If so, “We’re fucked!”

Installation Groupwork Project

Installation Groupwork Project Reflection upon three key texts: Capital Karl Marx Die Stadt und Ihr Boden Hans Bernoulli Aesthetic Theory T.W. Adorno

groupwork installation The installation is a system of commodity production, exposing what is hidden behind the creation of a commodity. There are two installations, arranged as an antithesis to each other. The whole process displays the idea of component recycling; the white displaying the combined process of human labor, use of machinery and materials to produce a commodity. The product satisfies the user’s needs, discarded and omitted to the red. The red is seen as a machine using one product to create another.

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Azhar Kapadi Politics Unit_Jacob Hotz Exercising urban reform through the bridging of social capital The derelict properties subjugating what was once the dynamic, social nucleus of the town centre exhibit the failed regeneration efforts for Croydon in the past fifty years. Outdated buildings and a lack of public urban space add to the melancholy felt by local residents and those seeking refuge in the UK. In the present situation, the Home Office at Lunar House, acts as interrogator, providing a distressing experience for those seeking asylum and a new Westfield Shopping Centre leads the long queue of commercial developments vying to leave their footprint in this area of London.

The thesis aims to reverse this economically motivated rationale of urban development, to one that elevates the wider community to the upmost position of control and importance. The masterplan thoroughfare of Wellesley Road particularly explores the issues of land ownership and collection of individual construction discussed by Hans Bernoulli in ‘Die Stadt und Ihr Boden’.

The role of capital in its monetary form as questioned by Karl Marx, is explored in the program through the tactic of introducing refugees into this part of Croydon. The control of the commodity as an object for exchange value (money making potential) suits the bourgeoning capitalist but the refugee threatens the ‘system’, migrating, regardless of the demand for their labour. In the situation of the refugee, the immediate value of the monetary form is negligible. Rather, the situation of refugees is to create an imperative to engage in bridging capital with someone as a matter of survival. The longer term implications of a system based on work experience skills and education will resolve this.

The thesis intervenes in the urban fabric by creating a network of provisions for refugees that assist in engaging and developing links amongst other refugees, voluntary organisations and the wider community. These non-material aspects of survival are emphasised by the inclusion of the scheme in the centre of Croydon as to connect with the established infrastructure serving the borough.

This project envisages a prototype scheme advocating for the conversion of redundant office stock to residential living through a strategy of retrofit. Maintaining for most part, the existing structure, two post-war office towers undergo a series of transformations to adapt to a space of living and community activity. Similarly, the negative stereotype of the refugee may be challenged and transformed to offer new meaning. Having the appropriate support infrastructural services in place, equips the refugee to succeed and positively contribute, wanting to be part of British society.

The new thoroughfare slices through the two seats of power in the new Croydon: Westfield and the Home Office. Having to pass by the community public realm and the refugee space as part of this journey to these spaces becomes a political statement manifested on to the urban landscape. Collectively, the masterplan and the retrofit strategy aim to rejuvenate the area through key themes of ‘intervention, insertion, adaptation and diversion’.

Furthermore, the insertion of a podium spanning between the two towers is the new element to the scheme, providing a community facility introducing key refugee amenities and services. This mixed use facility is the union between the existing and new population. This relationship is expressed physically; the educational heart of the hub grows, amalgamating from its new territory back into the former office blocks to create an overall explicating zone tailored for the refugee. To the general community, it acts as an extension to public services already existing nearby but also as a welcome retreat from the bustle of the shopping scene.

Volunteering and educational empowerment is a means of survival in a situation of restricted social, economic and political power, where existing credentials, have been delegitimised. Based on a mutual benefits framework, refugee skills will be distributed throughout the community for longer-term social capital.The establishment of this network provides individuals with the opportunity to actively manage their own communities irrespective of prior socio-economic circumstances. They will be assessed with their ongoing visa process – a positive reference in the social capital initiative will look kindly upon their citizenship appeal to stay in the country.

Croydon 2020 Vision as envisaged in the 90’s

Refugee introduction to Croydon

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Social Capital Distribution

Nationwide Dispersal Option

Refugee dispersal across London

National Dispersal Scheme Trialled in 1999 In response to the rise in asylum seeker applications, ‘The 1999 Asylum and Immigration Act’ aimed to relieve the housing and social pressures particularly in London and south-east England. Asylum seekers in this area are distributed nationwide without a choice in the matter. Costs are footed by the local authority with the supposition that it can reclaim this from central government. The diagram (furthest right) shows the top ten locations in this national dispersal scheme.

This option considered taking smaller sample of refugee groups and distributing these across Greater London. Resources are much more distributed in comparison to concentrating on a specific locale within a city district.The distribution could be tailored to send particular groups to areas with existing established immigrant communities to aid settling in.

Broad Green

Thornton Heath

Central Core Identified Urban Corridor

Borough of Croydon as precedent dispersal model (Option Chosen)

Short Term to Long Term mirroring the Visa Process

Concentrating on a specific locale within a single borough of London (Croydon) allows closer inspection and management of refugees. It also means resources are greater utilised if the infrastructure is in place. There are several areas within Croydon, showing disparities of living, income and demographics and the scheme can possibly look at distributing refugees to various areas within the borough for certain experience that may aid their visa process. The option maintains a central hub for refugees to live or congregate.

The short term strategy is to house refugees in the area defined as the urban corridor of Croydon (Wellesley Road). With such a central location, space is not restricted for refugee use, the local authority provider managing the properties can use such space to address housing shortage across the borough and also commercial use. The visa process can take up to 5 years, and for these longer term refugees who intend to actively participate in society in the long-run, housing areas have been identified outside of the main urban centre. Short term refugees use the central location identified and once established they should have the necessary skills to co-operate successfully in outlying communities.

Addington

SOCIAL CAPITAL DISTRIBUTION

Dispersal Options (social capital distribution) Commercial Standard Models (‘The Capitalist Territory’)

Dispersal options (Social capital distribution)

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relatively low rate.

6. Hackney town centre 7.Ladbroke Grove and Kensal Town 8.Elephant and Castle 9. Peckham town centre 10. Croydon town centre 11. Archway 12. Stratford town centre 13. Shepherd’s Bush 14. Kings Cross and Angel 15. Dalston 16. Edgware Road and Marble Arch 17. Poplar 18. Woolwich 19. Kingston town centre 20. Wood Green

36% BME

LOW INCOME + EMPLOYMENT

From Black, Minortiy Ethnic Communities. Majority live in north of Croydon Borough NORTH

>50% BME

A ‘crime corridor’ runs between Clapham Common and Croydon

10th

Asylum Dispersal and Accommodation Provision Asylum Dispersal and Accommodation Provision

Glasgow Greater Manchester Liverpool Newcastle

Upper Norwood

25% < 18yrs

CENTRAL

Broad Green

NORTH

3118 1920 1592 1403

Bradford Hull

1277 1118

Sunderland

896

Leeds

829

Nottingham

In 10 years time

3137

Birmingham

826

Coventry

713

Plymouth

411

Glasgow

3118

Liverpool

1920

Newcastle

1592

Birmingham

1403

Bradford Hull

1277 1118

Sunderland

896

Leeds

829

Nottingham Ashburton

3137

Greater Manchester

826

Coventry

713

Plymouth

411

of Black, Minortiy Ethnic Communities

NEW ADDINGTON

Fieldway

Waddon

< 1 yr Migrant Population staying within the borough is 12 months or less.

These are centred about the Croydon Town Centre

SOUTH / EAST

10% Most Deprived

National Dispersal Scheme Trialled in 1999

In response to the rise in asylum seeker applications, ‘The 1999 Asylum and Immigration Act’ aimed to relieve the housing and social pressures particularly in London and south-east England. Asylum seekers in this area are distributed nationwide without a choice in the matter. Costs are footed by the local authority with the supposition that it can reclaim this from central government. The diagram (furthest right) shows the top ten locations in this national dispersal scheme.

Local Authority in country in terms of Income and Employment

Largest

Housing Entitlement

Population Increase expected of the Southern London Boroughs

Croydon Local Elections 2014 Labour gains on previous dominance held by Tories.

Initial accommodation

Local Authority accommodation

Statistics (Right of sheet) from Census 2001 Claim granted

Stage of Asylum Process

15% Least Deprived

SOUTH/ SOUTH EAST

Fall within the least deprived areas of the country

Successful

Scotland and Northern Ireland Provider: Serco Asylum seekers: 2,898 Delivery model: Subcontract Subcontractors:Yes

Discretionary Claim Claim National Dispersalassessed Scheme Trialled in 1999 Leave decision

In response to the rise in asylum seeker applications, ‘The 1999 Asylum and Immigration Act’ aimed to relieve the housing and social pressures particularly in London and south-eastClaim England. Asylum seekers in this area are distributed nationwide Appeal Unsuccesful Removed refusedauthority with the supposition that it can reclaim this from without a choice in the matter. Costs are footed by the local central government. The diagram (furthest right) shows the top ten locations in this national dispersal scheme.

North East,Yorkshire and the Humber Provider: G4S Asylum seekers: 4,965 Delivery model: Subcontract Subcontractors:Yes

New Addington Unable to leave UK

Strategic Housing Land Availability

Housing Entitlement

North West Provider: Serco Asylum seekers: 5,903 Delivery model: Self-delivery Subcontractors: N/A

Provide residential accommodation in houses of multiple occupancy (HMO), flats or hostels.

Midlands and East of England Provider: G4S Asylum seekers: 5,433 Delivery model: Subcontract Subcontractors:Yes

Key Stakeholders Central Government Departments

Areas in 10% of most deprived in the country

Noted as Deprived Areas

Dispersal accommodation

Local Authorities

Home Office

Initial accommodation

Crime Hotspots

Local Authority accommodation

Areas of High Density

DEMOGRAPHICS 1.Soho and Leicester Square

clearel

Stage of Asylum Process

2.Shoreditch 3.Brixton 4.Camden Town 5.Whitechapel 6. Hackney town centre 7.Ladbroke Grove and Kensal Town 8.Elephant and Castle 9. Peckham town centre 10. Croydon town centre 11. Archway 12. Stratford town centre 13. Shepherd’s Bush 14. Kings Cross and Angel 15. Dalston 16. Edgware Road and Marble Arch 17. Poplar 18. Woolwich 19. Kingston town centre 20. Wood Green

In Croydon,Violent / Sex crime is concentrated in the urban centre but other areas record a relatively low rate.

Discretionary Leave

Subcontractors

Claim assessed

Wales and South West Provider: Clearel Asylum seekers: 1,791 Delivery model: Self-delivery Subcontractors: N/A

Provide transportation to and from initial and dispersal accommodation.

Voluntary Sector

Claim granted

Successful

Claim refused

Appeal

London and South East Provider: Clearel Asylum seekers: 2,535 Delivery model: Subcontract Subcontractors:Yes

Fulfil contract management and reporting requirements and meet wider legal duties.

Scotland and Northern Ireland Provider: Serco Asylum seekers: 2,898 Delivery model: Subcontract Subcontractors:Yes

Claim decision

A ‘crime corridor’ runs between Clapham Common and Croydon

Unsuccesful

North East,Yorkshire and the Humber Provider: G4S Asylum seekers: 4,965 Delivery model: Subcontract Subcontractors:Yes

Removed

Unable to leave UK

Dispersal accommodation

North West Provider: Serco Asylum seekers: 5,903 Delivery model: Self-delivery Subcontractors: N/A

Provide residential accommodation in houses of multiple occupancy (HMO), flats or hostels.

Midlands and East of England Provider: G4S Asylum seekers: 5,433 Delivery model: Subcontract Subcontractors:Yes

Key Stakeholders Central Government Departments

10th

Local Authorities

Home Office

Provide transportation to and from initial and dispersal accommodation.

Voluntary Sector

clearel Subcontractors

Asylum Dispersal and Accommodation Provision Asylum Dispersal and Accommodation Provision

Glasgow

3137

Greater Manchester

3118

Liverpool

1920

Newcastle

1592

Birmingham

1403

Bradford Hull

1277 1118

Sunderland

896

Leeds Nottingham

829 826

Coventry

713

Plymouth

411

Glasgow

National Dispersal Scheme Trialled in 1999

London and South East Provider: Clearel Asylum seekers: 2,535 Delivery model: Subcontract Subcontractors:Yes

3137

Greater Manchester

3118

Liverpool

1920

Newcastle

1592

Birmingham

1403

Bradford Hull

1277 1118

Sunderland

896

Leeds

829

Nottingham

Fulfil contract management and reporting requirements and meet wider legal duties.

Wales and South West Provider: Clearel Asylum seekers: 1,791 Delivery model: Self-delivery Subcontractors: N/A

826

Coventry

713

Plymouth

411

Croydon Demographics and Asylum Dispersal and Accommodation

In response to the rise in asylum seeker applications, ‘The 1999 Asylum and Immigration Act’ aimed to relieve the housing and social pressures particularly in London and south-east England. Asylum seekers in this area are distributed nationwide without a choice in the matter. Costs are footed by the local authority with the supposition that it can reclaim this from central government. The diagram (furthest right) shows the top ten locations in this national dispersal scheme.

Housing Entitlement

Initial accommodation

Local Authority accommodation Stage of Asylum Process

Claim granted

Successful

Scotland and Northern Ireland Provider: Serco Asylum seekers: 2,898 Delivery model: Subcontract Subcontractors:Yes

Discretionary Claim Claim National Dispersalassessed Scheme Trialled in 1999 Leave decision

In response to the rise in asylum seeker applications, ‘The 1999 Asylum and Immigration Act’ aimed to relieve the housing and social pressures particularly in London and south-eastClaim England. Asylum seekers in this area are distributed nationwide Appeal Unsuccesful Removed refusedauthority with the supposition that it can reclaim this from without a choice in the matter. Costs are footed by the local central government. The diagram (furthest right) shows the top ten locations in this national dispersal scheme.

Unable to leave UK

North East,Yorkshire and the Humber Provider: G4S Asylum seekers: 4,965 Delivery model: Subcontract Subcontractors:Yes Dispersal accommodation

North West Provider: Serco Asylum seekers: 5,903 Delivery model: Self-delivery

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Croydon

Modern History

1957

1963-73

Russian Artificial Satellite

Croydon incorporated as London borough

2012

Major employers leave Croydon Nestle (Relocation) and Allders (Administration)

SPACE RACE

1916 1883

Decentralisation of national governmental offices.

National governmental incentives for office relocation. Croydon takes a large proportion of relocated jobs.

Beddington Airfield combines with Waddon airfield (1927) to form Croydon Airport for a purpose built airport a year later. Main airport closed in 1959, overtaken by Heathrow.

1951

Applications for city status rejected again

1990’s

1969

Festival of Britain Skylon

Apollo 11 landing on moon

Whitgift Shopping Centre is redeveloped to an atrium design

1970

1889

2011

Lunar and Apollo House

County borough

Croydon Riots

2004

Centrale Shopping Centre

2014

Compulsory Purchase Order Land consisting of the existing Whitgift Centre in Croydon Town Centre and adjoining land bounded were made under section 226(1)(a) and 226(3)(a) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990

2019?

New Westfield Shopping centre to open

1826

2

Allders Departmental Store Flagship store opens in Croydon

1901

2008

Home Office branch leaves Whitgift office towers. Resumes functions at other sites along Wellesley Road.

1950’s

Tram Lines laid

World War II

Schools, playing fields and other community facilities moved to accommodate commercial developments

1965

Construction of Whitgift Shopping Centre begins

1962

Croydon heavily bombed

Fairfield Arts Centre

1956

1968

Private bill in parliament - Croydon Corporation Act 1956 Compulsory purchased land for development

Whitgift Shopping Centre opens

1998

Croydon 2020 Vision

1999

London Tramlink System

Land not required for road improvements leased for private development ie Norwich Union plan several developments for Wellesley Road

THE FUTURE?

LOCAL AUTHORITY LAND ACQUISITION

1956

2014

Private bill in parliament - Croydon Corporation Act 1956 Compulsory purchased land for development

Compulsory Purchase Order Land consisting of the existing Whitgift Centre in Croydon Town Centre and adjoining land bounded were made under section 226(1)(a) and 226(3)(a) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990

Land not required for road improvements leased for private development ie Norwich Union plan several developments for Wellesley Road

Schools, playing fields and other community facilities moved to accommodate commercial developments

Croydon: The Future: Design Initiative and Public Exhibition Competition staged by The Architecture Foundation showcasing the work of 15 then-emerging designers for solutions to Croydon’s problem areas 1 May - 31 December 1993 1

THE LIFE OF THE WHITGIFT SITE

1950’s

1993

1968

Whitgift Shopping Centre opens

1990’s

Whitgift Shopping Centre is redeveloped to an atrium design

2019?

New Westfield Shopping centre to open

2 3 4 5 6

THE HOME OFFICE IN CROYDON

1970

Lunar and Apollo House

2008

The Immigration and Nationality Directorate was part of the Home Office, responsible for inward migration to the United Kingdom, asylum applications and the recognition of refugees, nationality and citizenship and the removal and deportation of immigration offenders. Occupying thirteen buildings in Croydon, the department was subsumed into the UK Border Agency in 2008.

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Birds Portchmouth and Russum Architects Inflatable Pop Up events (above Multi Storey Car Parks) Richard Horden Associates ‘Going Underground’ Sir Richard Rodgers WInd Turbine Tower on Wellesley Road Ian Ritchie Architects 'Croydon Great Lakes' Future Systems ‘Crossing the Road’ Imagination Architects 'After scheme' installation Michael Hopkins and Partners Bridge from train station to Whitgift Centre

2

1

4

5

3

6

7 “People could arrive from East Croydon station, take a boat and actually have a most extraordinary paradise of a wait to get themselves registered or de-registered or whatever they do at Lunar House” Ian Ritchie, Ian Ritchie Architects

Modern History Croydon Development

8

Asylum Process

9

mercial Standard Models (‘The Capitalist Territory’)

Recycling Redundant Building Stock Prototype retrofit proposal that can be applied similar redundant building stock in Croydon town centre

Concentrated Scheme with services network to existing infrastructure

Recycling Redundant Building Stock Prototype retrofit proposal that can be applied similar redundant building stock in Croydon town centre

nfrastructure

SPORTS / PUBLIC REALM

HOME OFFICE

SPORTS / PUBLIC REALM

Recycling Redundant Building Stock Stock Building Recycling Redundant Building Stock HOME OFFICE Prototype retrofit proposal proposal that that can can be be applied applied similar similar redundant buildingstock stockininCroydon Croydontown towncentre Prototype retrofit proposal that can beredundant appliedbuilding similar redundant building stock in Croydon town centre centre OFFICE RETROFIT

Building Stock Stock ng Redundant Building PRIMARILY REFUGEE RESIDENTIAL proposal that that can can be be applied applied similar similarHOUSING redundantbuilding buildingstock stockininCroydon Croydontown towncentre pe retrofit proposal redundant

ENTIAL HOME OFFICE

NEW RECEPTION CENTRE COMBINED PRE-SERVICES NEEDED FOR OVERALL REFUGEE INTEGRATION

NTRE CES FUGEE

ESOL / JOB CENTRE / FURTHER SKILLS

WELLESLEY ROAD

JOB CENTRE /

OFFICE RETROFIT PRIMARILY REFUGEE RESIDENTIAL HOUSING

WELLESLE

ENTIAL

ESOL / JOB CENTRE / FURTHER SKILLS Route of spectacle and occasion

Commercial Standard Models (‘The Capitalist Territory’)

Route of spectacle and occasion

START HOME OFFICE

10 DOCUMENTATION

START

Refugee Acculturation Strategy

1

Refugee Acculturation Strategy

1

Route of spectacle and occasion Route of spectacle and occasion Faith based groups can often reach out to refugees. Faith is used to help foster connections Faith based groups can with oftenother reach refugees. out to refugees. Faith is Interfaith events promoting andwith hospitality used to help fostersanctuary connections other refugees.

Wider integration with established NHS

system (Croydon University Wider integration with established NHS Hospitals Trust) system (Croydon University Hospitals Trust)

Interfaith events promoting sanctuary and hospitality

Arts / Performance / Music Arts / Performance / Music Social and cultural events where people seeking Social andpeople culturalinteract events where people seeking sanctuary and local

Independent retailers and markets

Independent retailers markets movedand to new thoroughfare moved to new thoroughfare

sanctuary and local people interact

4

4

Shared leisure interests and Shared leisure interests and activities, particularly for activities, particularly for younger refugee population younger refugee population

to s furth uca ti u ew pplem er tra on pro in e gra nt ES ing mm OL e. and

‘Drop in session shops’

Cro pro ydon C cou grams olleg e EAL rses. C with a to su cou onti dditio ppo rsC na r t e e ro nue pros wyditohn to su l furth ducati Co pp cou grams new lleg lem er tr on a e EAL rses. C with aprogtor suent E ining cou onti dditioampmpo SOL nue rse nal e.rt ed and s

‘Drop in session shops’

START START HOME OFFICE

Home Office Documentation

hn

Home Office Documentation

wit

HOME OFFICE

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Scarce resources pressurised in existing community areas can cause tension between migrants and current population

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Measures of Integration

1 Previous problems of finding good standard of housing within a short period of time nullified. Housing and integration strategies are more likely to work when they develop partnerships with voluntary-sector organisations with specialist knowledge, contacts and skills, and involve both the user community and BME organisations.

Measures of Integration

1

Employment

Employment

ley R

Scarce resources pressurised in existing community areas can cause tension between migrants and current population

es

vic

s

tS

Ro We ad lle s

Education

Housing

Housing

Education

Health

Health

Social Bonds

Social Bonds

Social Bridges

Social Bridges

Social Links

Social Links

Safety and Stability

Safety and Stability

Language and Cultural Knowledge

Language and Cultural Knowledge

Rights and Citizenship

Rights and Citizenship

Previous problems of finding good standard of housing within a short period of time nullified. Housing and integration 2 strategies are more tolanguage work when they to develop with voluntary-sector organisations with specialist The lack of proficiency in thelikely English is judged be the partnerships primary barrier to employment.

English language knowledge, contacts and skills, andsuggesting involve both the barrier user community andsignificant BME organisations. competence also differs by linguistic group, that the may be more for some nationalities and groups than for others.

2

Furthermore, while refugees arein entitled to ESOL provision at no cost, there a three-year residence threshold English that actslanguage The lack of proficiency the English language is judged to be the isprimary barrier to employment. as a barrier to new migrants fromby outside Europe.

Historically, employment and training by more the voluntary sector been competence also differs linguistic group, suggesting that the barrier may be significant for has some nationalities and underfunded small-scale. groupsand than for others.

3 Furthermore, while refugees are entitled to ESOL provision at no cost, there is a three-year residence threshold that acts Previous dispersal schemes have mobility issues – disruption often prevents continuity of healthcare for refugees. There is as a barrier to new migrants from outside Europe.

Historically, employment training by the voluntary a dependency for integrated services between refugee organisations and NHS that informand refugee of help available.

Basic sector has been underfunded andimmediately small-scale.available in close proximity. Many refugees depend on social services as they are likely health checks should be to be mentally traumatised with their experiences.

3

Means and Markers

Means and Markers

Social connections

Social connections

Facilitators

Facilitators

Refugee acculturation strategies

Foundation

Foundation

Previous dispersal schemes have mobility issues – disruption often prevents continuity of healthcare for refugees. There is 4 dependency integrated services to between refugee organisations andpublic NHSservices that inform refugee of help Asylumaseekers tend tofor move or be dispersed areas already suffering from poor resulting in scarce and available. Basic finite resources and services relations with newcomers areclose mostproximity. likely to beMany negatively affected.

Despite a generally health checks should- be immediately available in refugees depend on social services as they are likely well-developed voluntary sector, support deemed necessary to help the most excluded groups to build basic social to be mentally traumatised withwas their experiences. capital. By adopting a peer education approach and training local people from all communities, including newcomers, to become4 community facilitators such initiatives can generate valuable bridging social capital.

Asylum seekers tend to move or be dispersed to areas already suffering from poor public services resulting in scarce and finite resources and services - relations with newcomers are most likely to be negatively affected. Despite a generally well-developed voluntary sector, support was deemed necessary to help the most excluded groups to build basic social capital. By adopting a peer education approach and training local people from all communities, including newcomers, to become community facilitators such initiatives can generate valuable bridging social capital.

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Croydon Postcards: Identifying social aspects of Croydonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s past

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Croydon Postcards: Breathing life into Croydonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s town centre

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CROYDON SPECIAL SPACE EDITION

“Croydon represents more than just laissez faire urban development. Its bleak concrete banality invokes the ghosts of capitalisms failed futures.

This redundant office city is haunted by the spectre of a town that sold its Croydon Postcards:Two Home officeto buildings built in the ‘space age’ – New towers to rival this establishment of power? soul commerce.”* *(Ref: graphic designer Rob Mowbray)

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Existing Situation

Old: Multi-storey Car Park New: Rooftop Play Park / Public Balcony Space

Old: Car Park Access / Entrance

Existing Whitgift Office Towers - Largely derelict office space

New: Gardens / Access Space to newly introduced housing and community facilities

Old: Wellesley Road entrance (Limited overpass) to Whitgift Shopping centre. Dull and unexciting

Existing: Whitgift Office Towers - Largely derelict office space

New: Improved Entrance Space – Acknowledging the shopping centre which is currently lost in its post-war surroundings

Old: Car Park shopping centre and offices New: Infrastructure / Housing Intervention (Refugee Allocation)

Westfield Hammerson Proposal Most of existing Whitgift Centre demolished as part of scheme

Old: Some vacant premises / Shops New: Existing retail space converted to community / refugee workshops. Introduction of more cafes Old: Derelict offices and unremarkable entry to Whitgift via outlet store / Multi-storey car park New: Distinctive opening announcing arrival to the shopping centre / opportunity for improving arrival and journey to this space / Overlooking housing space / Play space Old: Road forms underpass

N

New: Promenade space celebrating gateway to public realm gateway – Community markets (several day markets possibly incorporated with diverse independent stores and stalls from newly integrated refugee community). Open public space when market is not running.

Westfield Hammerson Proposal: Most of existing Whitgift Centre demolished as part of scheme

Emergency Vehicles Access/ Single lane Buses Pedestrian / Cyclist friendly hard landscaped route

Tram Line continued on

Compromised Scheme Shopping space reduced to accommodate refugee space

Hard Landscaping Play / Recreational Spaces Green Space Planted Trees Tram line Areas for residential housing (Refugee Allocation) Market Stalls / Independent retailers

0 SCALE 1:1500

25

50

75

100 Metres

SCALE 1:5000

Compromised Scheme: Shopping space reduced to accommodate new scheme

(Left) Existing Site – Model Exploration (Right)Westfield Scheme Compromise with Refugee Housing Allocation

15

Site_Plugging into existing infrastructural networks

Plugging into existing infrastructural networks (To be viewed with annotative booklet)

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Croydon_Existing

Croydon as existing

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Public Realm and Retrofit Intervention Planned developments for Croydon

Croydon_Next 10 Years

Aerial sketch of future Croydon, developments permitted with new scheme

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Deliveries (Located basement level and GF)

Gardens Home Office Old: Car Park Access / Entrance New: Gardens / Roof Play Space Street Facade to be clad with coloured fin structure as to hide existing unsightful appearance. Entry only from back

Large Chess Play area and seating Old: Multi-storey Car Park New: Gardens / Access Space to newly introduced housing and community facilities RECEPTION CENTRE Podium connecting retrofit towers Old: Derelict offices and unremarkable entry to Whitgift via outlet store / Multi-storey car park New: Distinctive opening announcing arrival to the shopping centre /having to experience the public realm and witness the housing intervention

Main Trap Stop Wellesley Road Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Park Rooftop garden

Subsidiary entrance to Westfield

Courtyard serving shopping centre and retrofit towers

Community Play Space Existing urban fabric preserved as part of development (some Grade II)

Croydon History Art/Sculpture

World nation flags celebrating the new diverse area line the pedestrian route Entrance shopping centre / Partial Access

Emergency Vehicles Access/ Single lane Buses Pedestrian / Cyclist friendly hard landscaped route

Community market / refugee market

Old: Some vacant premises / Shops New: Existing retail space converted to community / refugee workshops. Introduction of more cafes Old: Road forms underpass New: Promenade space celebrating gateway to public realm gateway â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Community markets (several day markets possibly incorporated with diverse independent stores and stalls from newly integrated refugee community). Open public space when market is not running.

Tram lines continued to college and theatre.

Pedestrian thoroughfare, same.

N

Orientated to North 1:5000

Public Realm Masterplan (Not to scale)

19

welcome to

CROYDON SELECT YOUR PLAYER

PUBLIC REALM

THE WORKSHOP

MARKET

WESTFIELDS

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Community

Community

Community

Community

Refugee

Refugee

Refugee

Refugee

OFFICE RENTAL

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

CONTACT CENTRE

13TH FLOOR COMMUNAL LOUNGE

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Community

Community

Community

Community

Refugee

Refugee

Refugee

Refugee

GALLERIA

EDUCATION VOLUNTEER CENTRE

LEISURE FACILITIES

CONSULTATION

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Community

Community

Community

Community

Refugee

Refugee

Refugee

Refugee

Intervention strategy components

20

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Croydon represents more than just laissez faire urban development. Its bleak concrete banality invokes the ghosts of capitalisms failed futures.

This redundant office city is haunted by the spectre of a town that sold its soul to commerce.â&#x20AC;?* *(Ref: graphic designer Rob Mowbray)

Allies and Morrison scheme for Westfield is compromised with the Reception centre and Public Realm works on Wellesley Road

21

Initial impression of Retrofit Office Blocks

22

Structural Composition Orthographic Drawing

23

Overall

New overframe to assist with structural support and part buffer to wind/solar. New build connection between towers at levels 02/03 and extension of residential apartments also at same level.

Existing concrete structure maintained New facade. New ventilation strategy to give user some control. Existing open plan office replaced with new internal arrangement of multi-use function

Demolished (Red) Windposts with no vital structural importance and glazing stripped back to frame

Structure Models studying existing concrete structural frame

24

Ground Floor Plan (Not to scale-Original scale correct at A1) Black = Existing, Blue = Insertion of new structure (Overframe)

25

Other Plan Arrangements (Not to scale-Original scale correct at A1) Black = Existing, Blue = Insertion of new structure (Overframe)

26

Level 02 Floor Plan Scale 1:200 Hub for Reception Centre - Connecting structure between existing towers

Second Floor Plan (Not to scale-Original scale correct at A1)

27

Visuals showing a

Visuals showing shown in sectionwall detail Double skinareas technology curtain Double skin technology curtain wall

in section detail curtain wall

rom removed floor slabs

Mid

Mid tower gardens from removed floor slabs

Mid tower gardens from removed floor slabs

Twelfth floor d

Twelfth floor double height communal lounge Twelfth floor double height communal lounge

Visuals showing areas shown in section detail

28

Double Skin Faรงade Section through top floor, communal lounge, typical floor and outdoor garden space in Block A / Wing A (Not to scale)

29

Double Skin Façade – Fixing Detail (Scale 1:10 at A3)

30

Section Along Wellesley Road (Not to scale- Original scale correct at A1)

31

Site Model with new scheme to work with new Westfield Scheme

32

Site Model with new scheme to work with new Westfield Scheme

33

The New Wellesley Road Promenade

34

The New Towers _ Entrance to Westfield

35

Programme Players The Public Realm_The Retrofit_Westfield_Home Office

36

dissertation ‘Politics and Planning for Zanzibar’s Other Side’ For the Dissertaion module, I visited Zanzibar as part of my studies. My dissertation explores how the attempts taken to reconstruct Ng’ambo (Zanzibar’s ‘Other Side’) by the Zanzibar Revolutionary Council have been an exercise of political authority.

The underlying criticalist approach identifies the political events of the 1964 Revolution as a stage for deploying entrenched issues of race and identity through to the built environment. Literature and policy context is continuously reviewed through fieldwork, archival research and consulting of secondary sources. To assess this example of urbanisation under socialism, the disciplines of architecture and planning are synthesised with the social sciences. The site visits to the model settlement neighbourhoods of Kikwajuni, Kilimani and Michenzani demonstrate the changing attitudes of the revolutionary government in fulfilling their utopian vision for a socialist city. Drawing largely upon Garth Myer’s research in this field and the bilateral relationship with the German Democratic Republic, planning for post-colonial Zanzibar is considered in context to colonial strategies and the socialist ideologies of the Eastern Bloc.

This study reveals how the state’s tactics to ensure dominance and legitimacy through the urban landscape has left the local population marginalised. The modernising vision for Ng’ambo demonstrates how architecture is manipulated as a device to serve political and ideological needs.

37

Dissertation: Politics and Planning for Zanzibar’s ‘Other Side’ Top:The House of Wonders (Own image) Middle: Michenzani – 50 years of national independence (Own image) Bottom: Propaganda showing Karume leading peasants and workers through independence, Zanzibar National Archives AV48.290

38

Maintaining the established building line of the street

fourth year (m.aRCH 1) MArch 1 Programme Structure The first year of the MArch -the year of education in practice was spent predominantly in architectural practice.

It includes three short courses, held in the School, and has a modular structure of associated coursework which is completed alongside working in practice.

Brief and Site Selection Cardiff University is seeking to dramatically enhance the student experience by building a student centre of, providing an inclusive place of emotional and spiritual support that addresses the needs of its multi-cultural student community.

It will also provide the means to seek help and advice through counselling. The facility will cater for both religious and non-religious students. This will be a centre for cultural learning and contemplation: a place that does not enforce religion but neither excludes.

From the two sites proposed by the client, the proposal suggests Site A (along Park Place and sitting directly in front of the Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Union) as an ideal location to provide this facility. The aim for the proposed scheme is to create a high quality student retreat centre in the heart of the Cathays campus. This central location is perfect as an identifiable social base for students. Nestled amongst mature trees in the Cathays Conservation Park also gives students a retreat from the pressures of academic workload.

39

STUDENTS UNION

Ivy growth on SU wall to extend across full wall. To be managed and made as an attractive landscape feature

Evacuation Point Deliveries Drop Off Zone Limit

Planting Zone

Existing Undesignated parking (used at peak periods)

WC 3 m²

Reflection Space / Gathering Space / Garden / Ext. for outdoor Cafe seating

STO. 3 m²

Dis. Park / Emergency Serv.

WC 3 m²

WC 2 m²

Lift

DIS WC 4 m²

WC 2 m² STO. 10 m²

Dis. Refug e

Kitchen and servery 18 m²

CIRC. 36 m²

Cycles Roller Sh.

Re- Allocated Parking (Rest allocated on entry to neighbouring house)

Dis. Refug e

Meeting Spaces 35 m²

Open Space flexibly used as gallery space / Opportunity for fixed feature like fountain

Cafe / Breakout 86 m²

Counselling Services 19 m²

Option to extend Cafe facilities to waiting space / Glazed Sliding Partition

Enclosed Staircase Gathering Space Waiting/Relax 79 m²

Deciduous Tree Cut during Stage 3 (2013 Plan of Works) - allowinf clearer access to site in the future and allowing greater extent of views to and from the site.

Lobby 4 m²

Glazed Doors within Curtain Wall System open outwards to Landscape Areas allowing seating of cafe area to extend outside

Coats

Ablution Entry 9 m² DIS WC 4 m²

Main Gathering Space 178 m²

Entry to Student Union Facilties / Entry to Main Entrance for Retreat Centre located at First Floor Level

ENT RY

Wudhu (Female) 7 m²

Wudhu (Male) 11 m²

Option to create entrance here in the future. Allows students to take in the site but can detract from the entrance through the steps.

Neighbouring building - Park Place University Offices

Glazed Openings 1800mm from G00 Level / Timber Fin Structure Hung form Soffit

N Building Line

PAR K PL ACE

Landscaping Low enclosure zones and seating below deciduous tree canopies. Soft Landscaping - Lawn Areas / Paving for seating areas : Grasscrete Paving Propietry System - Grass incorporated into pavement (Poured concrete) Boundary Stone Wall maintained. New opening within wall. Parking Pay machine re-allocated as a result.Lighting accessories along all external paved walkways.

Entrance to Building GF Level: From Park Place Street Level - Allows discretion and ideal for short term users

Ground Floor Plan 1 : 100 (Not to scale)

40 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

Waste Storage Enclosed Zone

Kitchen / mess 11 m²

4600

Shared Faith office 35 m²

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT Dis. Park / Emergency Serv.

STO. 3 m²

STO. 10 m²

Shared Faith office 35 m²

STUDENTS UNION Kitchen and servery

UP

DIS W.C 5 m²

Kitchen / mess 11 m² WC WC 2 m² 2 m²

Vent to Plant on Roof Level (See Roof Plan)

WC WC 2 m² 2 m²

Cycles

Dis. Refuge

Gathering Space Waiting/Relax 87 m²

STO. 3 m²

CIRC. 36 m²

Cafe 86 m²

Library 49 m²

Main Gathering Space 178 m² Meeting Spaces 35 m²

Enclosed Staircase 16 m²

Ablution Entry 9 m²

UP

Counselling Services 20 m²

Lobby 4 m² Wudhu (Female) 7 m²

Amb. WC 4 m²

KEY

Incoming Mains Cold

Outdoor Balcony Space Informal gathering / Break Space

Note: Water and Gas Supply to - Positions of equipment are not defi nitive and should act as a building.Utility meters guide to explaining the overall strategy.

M M located at site boundary - Do not use this drawing to scale from

Consultation Rooms 6 m²

Overdoor Heater

Underfloor Heating Manifold

Supply Air Grille

Underfloor Heating

Extract Air Grille

AC Cassette Unit

Door Transfer Grille

Consultation Rooms 6 m²

No color scheme assigned to view

Radiator

Mental Health Office 12 m²

Mechanical Ventilation to Main Hall and Gathering Space

Ablution Plant Natural Ventilation / Flow of Fresh Air

Dis. Refuge

DN

STO. 3 m²

Lift

Reception 7 m²

Roof Access 4 m²

VOID

Consultation Rooms 6 m²

Mental Health Office 12 m²

Reception 7 m²

VOID

Plant Room 16 m²

Reception Waiting Space 29 m² CIRC. 59 m²

CIRC. 66 m²

VOID

CIRC. 59 m²

DN

Enclosed Staircase 16 m²

Consultation Rooms 8 m²

VOID

VOID

VOID Meeting Room / Performance Adj. 55 m²

Consultation Rooms 8 m²

KEY

Open Reflectance Informal Meeting Space 13 m²

Note: - Positions of equipment are not definitive and should act as a guide to explaining the overall strategy.

- Do not use this drawing to scale from

Overdoor Heater

Underfloor Heating Manifold

Supply Air Grille

Underfloor Heating

Extract Air Grille

AC Cassette Unit

Door Transfer Grille Radiator

Mechanical Ventilation to Main Hall and Gathering Space

Ablution Plant

Dis. Refug e

Natural Ventilation / Flow of Fresh Air

Lift

Library 51 m²

Plant Room 16 m²

STO. 3 m²

Roof Access 4 m²

VOID

VOID

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

M M

GAS BOILERS, HOT WATER AND OTHER ASSOCIATED PUMPS / CONTROLS LOCATED WITHIN PLANTROOM

Consultation Rooms 8 m²

Wudhu (Male) 11 m²

Consultation Pods taking the colour element of the Chakra Design concept and expressing both internally and externally

INCOMING MAINS COLD WATER AND GAS SUPPLY TO BUILDING. UTILITY METERS LOCATED AT SITE BOUNDARY

Consultation Rooms 6 m²

18 m²

LST

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

GROUND FLOOR

32

CIRC. 54 m²

Consultation Rooms 8 m²

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT Consultation Rooms 8 m²

Consultation Rooms 8 m²

Reception 12 m²

33

M+E Service Strategy

VOID

Acoustic Baffles / Panels Noise buffer from social spaces below which will not eradicate the noise source but reduce impact. Aesthetical addition which will reflect light and shadows entering glazed elements of the facade and from rooflight.

Acoustic Panels Over

Reception Waiting Space 32 m²

Enclosed Staircase

Main Entrance Utilising the existing Student Union steps ensures students are aware of this centrally located facility and have easy access. New opening made from existing steps.

VOID VOID

VOID

Deciduous Tree Cut during Stage 3 (2013 Plan of Works) - allowinf clearer access to site in the future and allowing greater extent of views to and from the site.

Meeting Room / Performance Adj. 56 m²

Open Reflectance Informal Meeting Space 13 m²

N Building Line

Meeting Room Flexible Use Space Opening foldable partition space that acts as a balcony to the main gathering space below. When closed, the space acts independently as a separate function. Ideal for partially separating sexes in large religious gatherings / prayers

Platform Walkway / Bridge Intended to allow the user to take up a journey to the building, taking in the natural landscape. A connection between the old (Existing SU) and new.

Timber flooring to respect site materiality, options of balustrading or feature wall allowing views of garden space below.

Temporary Pavilion Space Structure is in place to support a temporary lightweight pavilion-like structure. It is intended that students of the university from various groups i.e. course based / faith groups will create the structure and occupy this. It is an ideal location amongst natural landscape to act as a reflection space.

PAR K PL ACE

First Floor Plan 1 : 100to scale) (Not

41

(Not to scale)

42

43

50

(Top left) Relation to Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Union (Bottom) Section - Not to scale

44

C A F E / B R E A KO U T

C A F E / B R E A KO U T

Key Views: 52

Cafe (Left), Outdoor garden front elevation (Right)

51

Cafe Breakout Space / Foyer

45

SIS

ht) Diagram illustrates the signiď&#x192;&#x17E;cant green zone that the site sits in,

vital that this green zone is continued in some way, or represented to respect the current greenerty that is so important to area

LANDSCAPE 10

57

Landscape Strategy - Part of Cathays Conservation Zone

46