Revamping Rail-coach toilets of India

TOILETS R

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PREFACE The life line of the country, Indian Railway is famous worldwide for reliability and systemic efficiency. It is the largest Asian rail network comprising 115,000 km of track. In 2014-2015, it carried 8,397 billion passengers and roughly more than 23 million passengers a day. The railways has separate sectors taking care of the different needs of the passengers working towards enhancing the travel experience. Of all the services provided during the journey the most critical is the provision of a public toilet.

It is the basic need of any individual and requires a certain level of upkeep. The Railway ministry has pro-actively worked towards launching policies and testing innovations in this sphere.

Yet, the Indian populous has shown dissatisfaction in the current scenario. This project is an endeavor towards making toilets that serve the Indian user.

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CONTENTS Design Need

5

Research

8

Existing Designs Visits On-board surveys New Materials & Technologies Global scenario

The system

36

Insights

38

Ideation

40

Components Layouts Mock ups

Final Design

74

Features Repair and maintenance

Future scope

85

Bibliography

86

Credits

88

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DESIGN NEED Toilets in a mobile environment have often been treated no different than those on stable grounds but the fact is that the design of such spaces require an in depth understanding of the physics that applies to it and sensitivity towards the user of how it affects them.

Design thinking is the key to getting to a solution that is inclusive of all kinds of user scenarios. By the use of systemic approach we can map all issues, whether apparent or hidden. Therefore, helping us find ways to add value to the user’s experience, that is, find opportunities in an otherwise overlooked area.

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RESEARCH Integral Coach Factory (ICF) SCN coach toilets There is absolutely no doubt in saying that ICF coaches have been the backbone of the Indian Railways. They have hauled tens of billions of people relentlessly every year. But it is an older design and is soon going out of production due the upgrades in technology and aesthetics made in the newer LHB coaches.

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THE EXISTING DESIGNS Linke Hoffman Busch (LHB) coaches LHB coaches are characterized by a sleeker finish than ICF coaches, better suspension, sound reduction and ride quality, not to mention significantly larger windows that lack the heavy tinting seen in the most ICF AC coaches. They are also safer than ICF coaches in the event of an accident or collision. LHB coaches are longer and seat layouts coaches differ.

Today, LHB coaches are manufactured by the Rail Coach Factory (Kapurthala) under a Transfer of Technology agreement.

Train Rajdhani/ Shatabdi trains AC first AC2 tier AC3 tier 2nd AC chaircar 1st AC chaircar Mail/Express trains AC first AC 2 tier AC 3 tier General Second Second Sleeper

LHB

ICF

24 52 72 78 56

18 48 64 67 46

24 52 72 99 78

18 48 64 90 72

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RESEARCH New Delhi Railway Station Yards (NDLS) Our first visit was about understanding the existing technologies (bio-toilets) and the experiments (vacuum assisted toilets) that were being carried out by the NCR railways.

We also looked at the IOH servicing of the train. The exterior of the train is washed with high pressure water jet and cleaned using nylon brushes and detergent. The interiors are swept clean and checked for any faulty component.

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THE VISITS

Fixtures and fittings are replaced in case broken or stolen. The interiors are thoroughly cleaned using high pressure water jets and other cleaning agents (mo clean etc). It is swept dry and perfumed. The trash is collected in black garbage bags and disposed off.

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RESEARCH Ahmedabad Yard Visit (ADI) The Ahmedabad yard visit was to understand the maintenance routines and systems that are established to ensure the upkeep of trains. We watched the pre-journey cleaning of trains and yard services which included the refilling of soap, water and other basic amenities.

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THE VISITS

We discussed the scope of advertisement in trains and were informed of the issues that are stopping that sector from thriving. The trains are constantly re-routed, thus making it difficult for a contractor of specific city or state to put up/ change print ads. The process of putting up the ads becomes cumbersome and labor intensive eventually proving it to be disadvantageous for the agency.

This compelled us to somehow try and integrate adverts in trains as a source for revenue and to privatize some services, instantly making them more efficient and better maintained.

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RESEARCH Kapurthala RCF visit This was a short visit to understand the making of a coach and see how the toilet is installed so as to be able to create the new toilet using the older methods of installation.

It was a quick yet informative trip where we saw the entire factory : 1. The metal workshop - where frameworks the coaches of different styles are made.

2. The paint workshop - the coaches were painted and put on top of a bogie/chassis 3. The furnishing workshop - this was where the inner elements and flooring was completed. It is also where the bathroom is fitted. The bathroom after being completed with all fittings is then dropped down into the coach (using a crane) and screwed into position at 4 points.

This meant the contractor incharge of bathroom creation is done with his job before the bathroom is fitted in the coach. Post this the pipelines and electrical fittings are added and several tests are done to ensure the quality and condition of the coach at completion.

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THE VISITS

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RESEARCH On route to Delhi Our trips to the different yards were often 12hours of journey or more.

To make these hours productive we came up with the On-board surveys. These were very useful as they helped gain insight into the minds of the user during the journey and stirred a discussion between passengers on the topic, hence, becoming a great way to pinpoint opportunity areas and find issues that were overlooked by us. Â

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THE ONBOARD SURVEYS

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RESEARCH

On-route to Kapurthala Our train journey to Kapurthala took us 27 hours of traveling in the AC 3 tier compartment of the JammuTavi mail. This was an experience in itself. The variety of people, their varied food, hygiene and social habits all occurring in this close proximity. Stories about the world, nation and homes were shared over meals.

Our Co-creation workshop was, by a few, mistaken for a letter to the prime minister, which we feel made it a serious and candid citing of the issues at hand. The first pages asked the user to draw/ write their task flow and mention all sensory inputs they receive. It also asks them to mention how the stimulus effects them mentally and emotionally.

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THE ONBOARD SURVEYS

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RESEARCH

Our previous survey being only in English was limiting. This time we drafted the survey in both Hindi and English making our audience more comfortable and wide spread.

Narration This exercise was intended to make task analysis easier for the user, allowing them to narrate as they do the task. But we, as designers, were supremely mistaken about the invasion of privacy that this exercise would be viewed as and did not carry this out for socio-cultural reasons.

Being the creator “Being the creator� was an exercise everybody enjoyed and took active part in. This exercise was divided into 10 categories and people were given the freedom to do whichever and how many ever categories they liked, depending on the problems they feel most for.

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THE ONBOARD SURVEYS

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RESEARCH Portable toilet for disaster management

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Blue Diversion Toilet

THE GLOBAL SCENARIO

Japanese train toilet

23

RESEARCH

California Institute of technology Reinventing toilet winner

Air plane toilets 24

THE GLOBAL SCENARIO

Space toilet design

E-Toilet design

Space saving public urinal

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Main drain urinal

Aculon water repellent coating

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Baby nappy changing table

Dyson Bladeless fan

Loo blade cleaner

Mini air vent by Studor

Waterless cube for urinal

Designed by Arnaud Lapierre

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Iota design

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Design by Lingxuan Kong

Japanese public toilet

Toto washlet design 29

RESEARCH MATERIALS EXPLORED FOR SHELL Material

Weight

Durability

WR

Fenix NTM

Light

High

Repellent

Richlite Paper composite

High

Resistant

60% less than Corian 1.5lbs/sqft

Decent

Basalt FRP

Light

more than FRP

Resistant

glass FRP

Light

Average

Resistant

SS WR coat

Heavy

High

Repellant

Corian

Heavy 4.25 lbs/ sqft

High

Resistant

Lama Light

HDPE 30

Light

Light

more than PVC

Resistant

Resistant

Wear and tear Scratch, mold, stain, Chem res. heat stain & scratch res. scratch, mold, stain and chemical res.

Scratch, Acid, Alkali and salt res. low scratch resistance no stain res. chem &stain res. no scratch res. scratch, stain and chemical res. chemical, low weathering resistance.

Mechanical Strength Resistant to Impact

more durable than wood

Similar to ply

Higher tensile strength than Eglass lower than basalt

Very good

Very high Impact resistant Strong tensile str.

NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES

Moldability

Repair

Renewable

Uses

Comment

thermosetting 2D

Seamless Thermal healing

Nonrecyclable, Safe

Kitchen slabs, Furniture, etc.

anti bacterial

thermosetting Multi-axial

not seamless

Yes

Arch. and skating surfaces

heat pressed with cold cycle

easy machining thermosetting.

seamless gluing and buffing

thermosetting Multi-axial

Like FRP

Multiaxial

Visible repair

thermoplastic Multiaxial

Joinery visible

thermosetting multiaxial

Like Lama light Very easy and cheap

thermoplastic Multiaxial

plastic welding

No

flooring, No bathroom stalls, formaldehyde slabs and boats like laminate

non plastic concrete, bridge component and shoreline is structures renewable No

Storage tanks, roofs, piping

Used to blend surfaces

Yes

Bathrooms, public spaces

Plasma deposition coating

No

Slabs, Table tops, curved surfaces

One time expense.

Yes

Plastic bottles, geomembranes, etc.

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RESEARCH MATERIALS EXPLORED FOR FLOOR Material

Weight

EverRoll

1.5 lbs (Light)

light

rubber mat

Nora Rubber mat

SS WR coat

Heavy

SS WR coated

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WR

Wear and tear

Mechanical Strength

High

Repellant

Scratch, stain res. wear res.

Can take heavy load

HIgh

Resistant

Stain res.

Can take heavy load

High

chem &stain res.

Repellant no scratch res.

Durability

HDPE

Very good

NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES

Installation

Repair

No glueing just roll out

molded and screwed together

Use

Comment

in form of tiles can be replaced

Gym floor sports facilities

Skid proof flexible sound absorbant

easy to maintain

laboratory, Cafetarias, offices

anti bacterial

Joinery visible

Nora

Renewable

Yes

Bathrooms, Plasma deposition public coating spaces

Stainless steel

33

RESEARCH

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Fenix NTM

Richlite

Lama light

B FRP

NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES

Lama light

Corian

G FRP

EverRoll

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SYSTEMIC MAP Mapping a system like the process of digestion, things are coming together and unraveling as well. Information is getting used up and epiphanies are being synthesized. The post its that get placed and replaced help join dots to a picture we could’ve never imagined ourselves create. It is the interplay of macro and micro which makes the journey as exciting and the outcome as fruitful.

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RAILWAY TOILET SYSTEM

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INSIGHTS The Demographic Male passengers

68%

Female passengers

32%

Their Preferences Western Style WC

45%

Indian Style WC

55%

Foot-fall per toilet/24 hrs Sleeper coach

108

72 seats AC 3tier coach

96

64 seats AC 2tier coach

76

46~52 seats

Essentials Small bag/pouch

32%

Tooth brush and paste

23%

Soap/sanitizer

27%

Towel/clothes

27%

Mobile/wallet/valuable

32%

Disposable toilet seat

23%

ANALYTICS 38

IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS

Universal issues Incompetent door latch Persisting Odor Lack of soap/sanitizer No place to hang towels/clothes No dry surfaces to keep mobile/wallet/valuable - Wet surfaces Lack of dustbin Space management and clearances Accumulation of dirt and water on floor Stains on walls - water and tobacco Drainage problems - choking WC and wrongly positioned water outlets Floor retaining urine splash backs

Orient Toilet Urine splash back on the floor around the WC Improper balance - Handlebars Filthy mug Wall protector remains dirty

Euro Toilet Unhygienic seat of WC Uncomfortably positioned jet

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IDEATION LAYOUT LAYOUT 1 The outer basin shares its wall with the inner one and the dustbin outside is common for both areas.

PROS Integration of dustbin means its maintained quickly and space saving (better use of angled wall)

10 yrs

CONS It will present drainage issues and the ground division (wet and dry areas) is improper and can result in the floor remaining wet and cause dirt to accumulate.

5 yrs

Now

LAYOUT 2 A corner basin with a urinal on the diagonal wall. The WC remains in the same space as is in the current design.

PROS Good dry region for miscellaneous use.

A full length mirror.

10 yrs

CONS Lack of proper clearances Dustbin too small

5 yrs

Now

LAYOUT 3 All the components ; basin, urinal and WC are in a row. The area near entrance remains clear.

PROS Space saving and convenient after getting used to.

Requires lesser handlebars Clears space for dry area

10 yrs

CONS Is difficult for people to adopt easily.

There are cognitive issues regarding use of the three.

Can see the underside of the basin when using WC.

5 yrs

Now

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LAYOUTS

LAYOUT 4 The corner urinal is in place of current basin, shifting the basin near the door.

PROS Good clearance Uses original position of WC (coach template is same) Well defined dry area

10 yrs

CONS Small mirror 5 yrs

Now

LAYOUT 5 Basin on the diagonal wall and the WC in the place of current basin.

Urinal is in corner.

PROS Basin shares pipeline with outer basin.

Dustbin can be integrated with outer dustbin.

10 yrs

CONS Wet area spread too much.

Clearances are not sufficient.

5 yrs

Now

LAYOUT 6 Separation of basin area and bathroom, integrating outdoor basin while utilizing the same floor area as in the existing design.

PROS The size of basin is larger. mirror too is larger.

The wet region is kept totally separate from the basins.

10 yrs

CONS Not feasible in the current shell.

Requires change in the frp walls.

5 yrs

Now

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IDEATION DOOR CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Sliding folding square panels door

PROS Space saving in one dimension

CONS Cognitively hard on the user.

Takes too much horizontal space.

(Need same amount of space on the side) Requires and elaborate latch.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Sliding shutter with several thin panels.

PROS Very space saving and can roll using top fitted channels to prevent blockages.

CONS The shutters maybe difficult to comprehend for the users and can be damaged in attempting to open it by swinging.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Scissor mechanism in plastic (live hinges)

PROS Space saving Long lasting

CONS Is difficult for people to adopt easily.

Might have things getting stuck in the channel.

5 yrs

Now

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COMPONENTS

CONCEPT 4 Sliding folding door with extension in one door (lap) to help keep the door shut.

PROS Saves space Will hold against movement Can have a simpler latch mechanism than other options

10 yrs

CONS Might be difficult for the general public to adopt.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 5

10 yrs

Hinge door, the current one.

PROS Cognitively simplest.

Can be implemented right away.

CONS Takes too much space and requires some means to keep it shut.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 6

10 yrs

Slider door.

PROS Works well with LAYOUT 6 Space saving

CONS Can be cognitively difficult.

Is layout specific and can’t be used right away.

5 yrs

Now

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IDEATION LATCH CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Clutch wire to keep the door closed

PROS Maintains the same interaction on both sides of the door.

Can be very economically produced.

Is an intuitive indication of bathroom in use.

CONS Cognitively hard on the user.

Has chances of becoming loose and allowing gap in the door.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2 Hook latch with automated flushing button incorporated in it

PROS

CONS

Emulates the existing latch but is independent of the inside latch.

Integrated with the automatic flush button.

On the inside, as well, it maintains the same interaction.

An algorithm makes sure a flush occurs in case the user leaves the bathroom without flushing.

Can cause water wastage in the form of unnecessary flushes done in case of users that enter only to use the basin or change clothes.

10 yrs

Spring loaded with latch only on the inside

PROS

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

Easy to understand Simple to install

10 yrs

CONS Spring may wear off.

5 yrs

Now

44

COMPONENTS

CONCEPT 4 Vertical latch for folding sliding door with lap in the middle.

PROS

CONS

Emulates the latch used at home by many.

Firmly holds the door in place

May have different interaction on the outside.

10 yrs

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 5 Disappearing door knob when pulled from other side

PROS Cognitively simplest.

Full proof safety with the knob disappearing from outside when in use

10 yrs

CONS The mechanism may wear of with use

5 yrs

Now

45

IDEATION FLOOR

FLOOR

CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Mesh or Perforated sheet

PROS Will ensure the water drains out and floor remains dry.

CONS Might cause dirt on the floor and particles getting stuck in the perforations causing the floor to appear dirty.

5 yrs

Now

FLOOR

FLOOR Perforated sheet

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Panel flooring

PROS

CONS

Set like planks, this ensures water drains and also sprinkles water for floor cleaning from between panels.

Articles can fall/ block the cervices being formed and cause dirt accumulation.

5 yrs

Now

Perforated sheet

Perforated sheet

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Jet step down - division of flooring into wet and dry region

PROS Has water and pneumatic jets to clean floor after every 10 flushes.

Clears room for dry area.

CONS Careful height manipulation required to prevent tripping.

5 yrs

Now

Rubber mat Floor sprinkler

46

COMPONENTS

OOR CONCEPT 4

10 yrs

Water sprinklers for cleaning floor.

PROS Can be timed and make floor cleaning simpler and automated.

Is clubbed with air jets to save water and help evaporate the water.

CONS can cause water wastage 5 yrs

Now

erforated sheet CONCEPT 5

Floor sprinkler

Rubber mat flooring

PROS It is non skid Water repellent Sound absorbing Easy to clean Easy to install

10 yrs

CONS May require to be changed frequently.

5 yrs

Now

Rubber mat

Floor sprinkler

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IDEATION DRAINAGE CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Single chute outlet/ 2 outlets

PROS Is the simplest form to install.

It is consistent with the current method, hence faster to understand.

CONS The slant of the room would have to be very directed. The motion of the train will cause water to not reach the drain.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Exposed drain along the edges

PROS It works on the principles of the road drains and will have better result.

The flooring slant need not be very stark.

CONS The chances of articles falling in the drain is high.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Covered drain along the side.

PROS

CONS

Has the benefits of the drain along the sides.

Plus, has a cover to which can be integrated with the floor.

Gives possibility of patterns.

Cleaning the drain is possible only from the outside of the train.

5 yrs

Now

48

COMPONENTS

CLEANING PROVISION CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Mug with water pipeline connection.

PROS Works for the Indian context Allows use in low pressure situations.

Button allows to fill the mug and be used with one hand.

Doesnt let the mug stray away.

CONS May confuse the user in the first try

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Jet with retractable pipe

PROS

CONS

Keeps the jet in it’s place and doesn’t let it be lying on the floor.

Maintains the hygiene of the jet.

The retractable mechanism needs to be sturdy like that of the firebrigade hose mechanism.

5 yrs

Now

49

IDEATION FLUSH SYSTEM CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Automated Pre/post wetting.

PROS Integrated with lock/ door It reduces dependency on the user for maintaining hygiene standards.

CONS Will cause wastage of water.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Foot operated flush button

PROS Easier to use No hand contact More hygienic

CONS Can be damaged if stomped on too hard.

Can be jammed with dirt.

Proper protective coating is necessary.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Vacuum assisted flush

PROS Reduces water requirement.

Reduces the size of the chute keeping large debris from reaching the biotank.

CONS Small things can still get to the biotank and damage the valve.

5 yrs

Now

50

COMPONENTS

CONCEPT 4

10 yrs

Algorithm controlled flush.

PROS If the flush button is not pressed after use the algorithm initiates an automated flush.

Hence, making sure that a flush occurs regardless of whether the user did it.

CONS This can cause wastage in the form of people that entered to wash hands/ change clothes.

5 yrs

Now

51

IDEATION WATER CLOSET - WESTERN CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Seat cleaning flush box.

PROS The transparent box allows the user to see the seat being cleaned.

Will give people confidence to sit on the seat.

CONS Can be a cumbersome extra movement.

Can become very dirt itself if not changed after several uses.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

UVC light sanitization

PROS Cleans the seat by rotating it along a simple gear mechanism.

Is hands free as the button is on the floor.

Keeps the seat in an upturned position till the user presses the button. (hence reduced chances of feet or urine splashes on the seat.)

CONS Seat shape changes 5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Coiling back mechanism

PROS Cleaning of seat during simple pull down act Easy to replace cleaning component

CONS Breaking or theft of the cleaning component

5 yrs

Now

52

COMPONENTS

WATER CLOSET - INDIAN CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Foot elevation

PROS This helps maintain balance in the squatting position when the train is moving.

Reduces load on legs.

CONS Can be difficult for people to adopt.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Floor area integration.

PROS

CONS

Helps keep the wet area clean.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Japanese style

PROS Can reduce the urine splash back

CONS The configuration may cause cognitive difficulties.

5 yrs

Now

53

IDEATION URINAL CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Dry toilet

PROS Reduces water consumption.

Makes use of toilet possible in case of water scarcity.

CONS Replacing the liquid/bar disinfectant/ smell reducer has to be done at fixed intervals.

Increases work for the CTS/OBHS

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Minimal urinal (extra small)

PROS Extremely space saving Uses the same drain as the WC. Easy to clean.

CONS Can be difficult to aim into in a moving situation.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Corner Urinal

PROS If the flush button is not pressed after use the algorithm initiates an automated flush.

Hence, making sure that a flush occurs regardless of whether the user did it.

CONS This can cause wastage in the form of people that entered to wash hands/ change clothes.

5 yrs

Now

54

COMPONENTS

CONCEPT 4

10 yrs

Corner urinal integrated with floor.

PROS Helps keep the floor clean Integration helps keep the wet area clean using the jets.

Comfortably positioned.

CONS Plumbing repair is tedious.

5 yrs

Now

55

IDEATION FAUCETS CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Hidden faucet behind mirror

PROS Faucet will not collect dirt on it and will look cleaner Touch reduced as it is foot operated button Theft and breakage due to mishandling reduced

CONS Faucet not visible causing confusion to people using for the first time

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Fountain water faucet

PROS Placement near basin, reducing height and preventing splash back Water pressure optimized with the curve in which water falls

CONS People can misuse when water pressure is low Placed near basin dashboard, people might spit on it

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Waterfall style flat faucet

PROS Reduced splash back Cover more surface area, reducing water usage Foot operated reducing touch

CONS More expensive than the regular faucets

5 yrs

Now

56

COMPONENTS

BASIN CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Corner Basin

PROS Space saving

CONS Mirror placement not comfortable for use

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Seamless basin

PROS Form of thee basin reduces splash back of water Efficient use of the corner angle in current layout

CONS Limited material possibilities 5 yrs

Now

57

IDEATION DUSTBIN CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Drop out dustbin

PROS A tried and tested type.

Hides the waste.

Simple to adopt.

CONS Needs a quick polybag change method.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Integrated with outside

PROS Space saving Time saving for the cleaners Hides the waste

CONS Can be hazardous in case of outer dustbin being stolen/ Unintalled

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Rotating dustbin

PROS Space saving Gives us a drop down action for the waste Hides the waste

CONS The mechanism might not be as durable as required.

5 yrs

Now

58

COMPONENTS

CONCEPT 4

10 yrs

Flap opening, stationary bin.

PROS Simple use Simple evacuation Simple polybag replacement.

CONS Can be jammed with large waste, leaving the flap open allowing smell to escape and waste to be seen.

5 yrs

Now

59

IDEATION MIRROR CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Mirror on all four walls, above waist height

PROS Allows us to have full size mirror makes the space seem larger

CONS Can be uncomfortable for those using urinal Is layout specific

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Full length

PROS A full length mirror Makes the space look bigger

CONS Layout specific Can be uncomfortable for the WC user.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Back lit basin mirror

PROS Safest placement with respect to unwanted reflection.

Can be integrated with lighting Can have

CONS Doesn’t allow one to see their entire outfit Doesn’t in anyway make the space appear larger.

5 yrs

Now

60

COMPONENTS

LIGHTING CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Back-lit Corian panels

PROS

CONS

Gives soft diffused light Can be distributed to create a well lit environment.

Repair and replacement is tedious.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Ceiling lighting

PROS

CONS

Soft diffused light Evenly spread Easy to remove panel and repair

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Sensor lights

PROS Is energy saving Requires no switch

CONS Can prove to be expensive.

Can have problems light delays or malfunctions.

5 yrs

Now

61

IDEATION STORAGE CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Integrated with shell as a depression in the wall.

PROS Is easy to reach Can’t get wet Will not accumulate dirt

CONS Will require change in the shell structure.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2

10 yrs

Seamless shelf integrated with shell

PROS No sharp corners, preventing dirt from accumulating

CONS Chances of things falling is high Space provided is insufficient

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Hooks for hanging items

PROS Easy hanging of clothes, towels or bag

CONS 5 yrs

Now

62

COMPONENTS

VENTILATION CONCEPT 1

10 yrs

Exhaust fan

PROS Is cheap and can be readily installable.

CONS Can be a cumbersome extra movement.

Can become very dirt itself if not changed after several uses.

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 2 Fixed vents to catch the natural flow of wind, also in toilet door.

PROS Minimal and effective Utilizes the natural flow of air

10 yrs

CONS Is a cut in the coach walls.

Requires a change in the current coach design.

Increases noise in the coach

5 yrs

Now

CONCEPT 3

10 yrs

Blade-less fan

PROS Is theft proof Is intriguing Assists the current design Can be installed immediately.

CONS Repair is tedious.

5 yrs

Now

63

IDEATION MOCK UPS AND TESTING

LAYOUT 3

64

COMPONENTS

LAYOUT 5

65

IDEATION MOCK UPS AND TESTING

LAYOUT 1

66

COMPONENTS

LAYOUT 4

67

COLOUR PROPOSED CONCEPT - Lemon accent

68

COMPONENTS

69

COLOUR ALTERNATE CONCEPT - Coral accent

70

COMPONENTS

71

COLOUR ALTERNATE CONCEPT - Bronze accent

72

COMPONENTS

73

FINAL DESIGN

74

FEATURES INDIAN WC

Corian wall cladding for easy cleaning

Dry and wet area division

Space saving corner urinal

Pneumatic jet for floor cleaning

Drain along the walls

Anti-theft Bladeless fan

Ergonomic handle bar

Foot operated flush minimalizing touch

75

FINAL DESIGN

76

FEATURES INDIAN WC

Flat waterfall tap preventing splash back

Foot operated tap minimalizing touch

Back-lit walls

Soap dispenser with clear body for timely refill

Well positioned handle bar near urinal

Drop open dustbin for easy use

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FINAL DESIGN

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FEATURES WESTERN WC

Foot elevation improving balance

Foot operated flush minimalizing touch

Integrated handle bar and shelf

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FINAL DESIGN

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FEATURES WESTERN WC

Additions/ Replacements of components in the WESTERN WC

Baby nappy changing table

Sanitary pad dispenser

Seat sanitizing mechanism

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FINAL DESIGN

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FEATURES WESTERN WC

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FINAL DESIGN

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FEATURES WESTERN WC Future Scope Technological innovations have been limited so far in this segment but the government is now actively looking at new horizons to make public amenities more user centric. With the upcoming innovations in communication technology it will be possible to make self sustaining toilets. Toilets will automatically generate information such as water level in tanks, need for maintainance or parts out of order. The data generated can be digitally mapped and analysied to enhance micro management through the central administration.

In another 20 years, smart spaces will be capable of identifying you through your virtual profiles This will allow spaces to enhance user experience through pinpointed customization of public amenties. The future depends not only technological innovation but also change in attitude. With a society that respects its civil duties achieving an exceptional experience is more fact than fiction.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Toto washlet http://asia.toto.com/washlet/ Japanese toilet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=km3xt49fHq4 Sleeper train https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEY-CbBaSD4 Aircraft toilet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aavWMJ18dUU Porous and absorbent concrete https://www.facebook.com/techinsider/videos/419013808296981/ www.thenounproject.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bq0gcuBmdVs Automated public toilet-floor sprinkler https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9nsE-YXCMs E-Toilets http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140826-why-your-toilet-needs-reinvention https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVn3N0BtioU Toilet technologies of future http://mentalfloss.com/article/52363/5-toilet-technologies-future Latest In technology http://news.discovery.com/tech/gear-and-gadgets/lavatory-experiments-the-latest-in-toilettech150720.htm Kohlr toilets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqZchvkFSIo Blue diversion toilet http://www.bluediversiontoilet.com/toilet.html

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THE WEB & BOOKS READ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVQaMsvBLb8 Eco sans toilet- less water https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YV-1To9DkJQ Mini vents- for drain pipes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCqjkLTNc7c http://www.studor.net/mini-vent Exhaust fan system- DIY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L68XDzhn2g Bladeless fan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8he8afjQyd8 Waterless urinal cube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pmp0U1XZGk waterless urinal-blue seal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ukb_qL5xIk Water repellent treatment http://www.aculon.com/hydrophobic-oleophobic-metal.php http://www.aculon.com/metalrepellency.php Cleaning methods http://www.storypick.com/cleaning-hacks/ Space toilets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1wwzwvfsC0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk7LcugO3zg Loo blade https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1190311647/looblade-a-toiletcleaning-revolution Toilet seat heating https://www.behance.net/gallery/22208625/-(Etishe-ProductSimulration) Toilet cleaner (brush type)

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CREDITS

Project guide

Rama Krishna Rao Special thanks to

Praveen Nahar Vikram Parmar for their helpful inputs.

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SUPPORT & GUIDANCE

Heartiest gratitude to

Mr. Santosh Sinha (CRSE CHG NR)

Mr. A K Kathpal (CDE RCF)

Mr. Suraj Prakash (DY.CME/D-I RCF)

Mr. Tyagi (for Co-ordination)

Mr. Dinesh Kumar (Technical expert)

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Ayushi Jain and Medha Gupta FIDUG12

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