Outdoor Pool Area, Final Group Project, Detail Working Drawings

OUTDOOR AREA ‌ POOL, DECK AND PERGOLA AENG 428 Dr. Sameh El Fiki and Dr. Mohamed Salah Mostafa Gabr and Moatz Kotait Group Project Presentation

POOL Construction, Tiles and Details

POOL SYSTEMS Skimmer

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Water level below the sides

Over Flow

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Water level over the sides More common for large pools Better pool Looking Better Water level Control

POOL MAIN COMPONENTS

FILTRATION PROCESS 1.

Traditional Filtration 1.

2.

2.

Sand Filter Disinfectant (i.g. Chlorine)

Filtration Unit (no piping) 1.

2.

3.

4.

Filter Pump Inlets Returns

SWIMMING POOL TYPES

I. Concrete

II. Prefabricated Fiberglass Basin

III. Prefabricated Polymer/Steel Panels

I. CONCRETE POOLS •

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Introduction: Offer most design Flexibility and design customization (fun and functionality) These are permanent, reinforced pools finished with concrete and plaster.

Flexible in size and shape (from traditional to free form) A wide variety of special options such as waterfalls, custom steps and beach entries can be easily added to complement these high-quality pools.

Take around 12 weeks to be built

CONCRETE POOL TYPES

Concrete Pools

1. Cast in Place

2. Shotcrete and Gunite

3. Concrete Blocks

1. CAST IN PLACE (CONSTRUCTION PROCESS)

1. CAST IN PLACE (CONSTRUCTION PROCESS)

1. CAST IN PLACE (CONSTRUCTION PROCESS)

1. CAST IN PLACE (CONSTRUCTION PROCESS)

1. CAST IN PLACE (CONSTRUCTION PROCESS)

1. CAST IN PLACE Advantages: - The most common type of concrete construction This means that most contractors have experience with concrete installation using this technique.

- If designed properly it will result in a strong and waterproof structure.

- A relatively smooth surface that with proper preparation can readily accept epoxy-based pool painting systems.

- When used for pool floors, cast-in-place concrete results in the most uniform surfaces possible which makes it the best method for most pool floors Disadvantages: - The biggest drawback to exclusively using cast-in-place concrete in a swimming pool is the amount of water that has to be used in the concrete mix formula so that the concrete can be “poured� into the forms. This results in a large number of separation joints between pool sections when compared with the other concrete types; shotcrete and gunite.

- Strong concrete, but it is the weaker than shotcrete and gunite.

- With cast-in-place, it is harder and much more complicated to form shapes other than straight rectangles.

- Cast-in-place is generally more expensive to construct than shotcrete or gunite.

2. SHOTCRETE AND GUNITE

2. SHOTCRETE AND GUNITE Introduction: Both shotcrete and gunite are what is referred to as “free form” applications of concrete. Free form, by its very nature, enables concrete to be used to create very strong and watertight structures following any type of geometry. The concrete can be applied horizontally or vertically and can even be shot upward to adhere and form to the underside of a ceiling.

The formula for concrete in a gunite application has a higher percentage of cement and a lower amount of water than that of “cast-in-place” or “shotcrete” concrete. Like shotcrete, the formula results in a concrete mix that is dry enough to be applied to vertical surfaces such as pool walls.

2. SHOTCRETE AND GUNITE Construction Process 1.

Setting Out

2.

Excavation

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Adjusting Levels and Marking Pool

4.

Setting of Steel Reinforcement Mesh

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Setting of Fomwork

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Setting 70% of Electromechanical piping/installation

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Shotcrete/Gunite

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Plastering

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Insulation

10.

Testing

11.

Finishing

2. SHOTCRETE AND GUNITE Advantages -

Because of the lower volume of water used in the concrete mixture, there is less volume change through water hydration, which results in much fewer joints in the pool.

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When properly designed and constructed, gunite will result in the strongest and most watertight concrete pools possible.

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Higher compressive strengths than cast-in-place or shotcrete concrete.

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Properly constructed gunite has a smooth enough surface to be finished by epoxy-based paints or pool plasters.

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“Free form� application makes it possible to build very strong and watertight structures of any shape.

Disadvantages -

Like all concrete installation, the contractor must be experienced and skilled in the particular technique of installation. There are even fewer people skilled in the use of gunite than that of cast-in-place or shotcrete concrete.

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Construction of pools using the gunite process is somewhat more time consuming than shotcrete, which usually results in a slightly higher construction cost.

3. CONCRETE BLOCKS Construction Process

II. PREFABRICATED FIBERGLASS POOL

II. PREFABRICATED FIBERGLASS CASING Introduction: • Fiberglass is tiny fibers of glass that are strengthened with a polymer, making it a composite material.

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Fiberglass does not fade or allow algae to collect on its surface, and is a material sturdier than vinyl and concrete.

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A fiberglass pool is a one piece, preformed shell made from fiberglass, resins and coated with a gel to form a non-porous surface, unlike plaster or concrete.

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Since the pool is coated with gel, a liner is absent in these pools.

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These pools are built at a factory and then set in an excavated site.

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These pools are popular in regions where earthquakes are frequent because they bend with the ground and do not split open like other types. Moreover, they withstand stray roots of trees better than the vinyl-lined pools.

II. PREFABRICATED FIBERGLASS CASING Manufacturing Process: • The mold is cleaned, waxed, and prepared.

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One or several layers of gel coat are sprayed onto the male mold and allowed to cure (Dry). This becomes the hard surface of the pool that you walk on.

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The main waterproofing layer is sprayed onto the mold over the gel coats - this is what stops the water from attacking the fibreglass which is very vulnerable to moisture. Some manufacturers do not even bother with the waterproofing layer but just rely on the gel coat.

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The fibreglass matting is then applied and covered with resin. Reinforcing strips of light timber like balsa wood or light-weight plastic strips are often used to stiffen the pool sides and connect up the lifting points etc.

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The pool is removed from the mold, inspected, and allowed to cure;

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It's then transported to the site

II. PREFABRICATED FIBERGLASS CASING Advantages: • Short Construction and Installation Time (approximately 5-13 days), as compared to 8-12 weeks for a concrete pool. To install a fiberglass pool, all that has to be done is dig the hole and use a crane to lower the pool into it.

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Less Chemical Usage: unlike concrete, fiberglass does not leach alkali into the water. Plaster from concrete pools affect the pH level of the water and require chemicals to correct it.

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Easy to Clean: Fiberglass is resilient towards mold and algae, Being non-porous, they do not hold dirt as stubbornly as concrete pools, thus making cleaning easy. Pool filters and pumps do not have to work very hard to keep the pool clean, thereby reducing the electric bills.

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can withstand drastic changes in temperature

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Easy Maintenance because they lack liners, they eliminate the need of liner replacement, as in case of vinyl-lined pools. Resurfacing, repainting, replastering, etc. are not needed.

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Safety: Fiberglass features a non-porous smooth surface, unlike the rough porous surface of concrete pools. Rough concrete sides need to be tiled, or else can lead to scraped skin, red tipped fingers and bleeding toes. Swimsuits also experience wear and tear due to contact with the rough surface. To prevent slipping on the smooth surfaces of fiberglass pool, 'slip resistant surfacing' can be done to improve the grip of the structure.

II. PREFABRICATED FIBERGLASS CASING Disadvantages: •

The pool can’t be drained to avoid causing any structural damage to the fiberglass, such as cracking or buckling due to ground pressure.

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Lack of Customized Options: confined to the available mould shapes

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Transportation Problems: Fiberglass pools are transported in one piece to the site on a large truck. They are prone to damage during transportation.

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Selective Utility: only In-ground fiberglass swimming pool are possible because it requires the surrounding ground to support the pool.

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Requires a crane to install.

In areas with a high water table or in very soggy and marshy areas, the fiberglass can actually be pushed out of the ground and float!

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III. PREFABRICATED POLYMER/STEEL PANELS

Polymer Panels

Steel Panels

1. Stainless Steel Pools

1. Stainless Steel Pools Advantages of Steel Walls • Can build any shape and size •

Extremely stronger that Polymer

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Can be back filled easily with-out water in pool

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Very easy to install Cantilever concrete edging

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Common size panels 42” an 48”, but can be made to any height

1. Stainless Steel Pools Advantages of Steel Walls •

Much heavier than polymer- harder to install than polymer

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Can have surface rust on walls 10 to 15 years after installation (very easily rectified grind off rust and apply rust oleum paint and cover with ¼" wall foam)

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Any spot where a vinyl pool liner has a leak the wall underneath will begin to rust and corrode.

STAINLESS STEEL POOL WALL DETAILS

PANEL SPECIFICATIONS

3. POLYMER POOL WALL

1. Composite Polymer Pools Advantages • Very light weight easy installation •

Most shapes can be made

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Available in 42” or 48” walls

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Expected life span – Varies…avg. to very long depending on individual installation & product

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Very smooth surface (10 out of 10 kids prefer vinyl…no scraped knees & toes)

1. Composite Polymer Pools Disadvantages • Must use cap lock on long runs to lessen warping •

Can degrade over time when in the ground

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Can crack due to improper back filling

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Depending on construction & installation, walls could move or collapse if pool is emptied

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Best to fill with water before back filling

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The Vinyl lining looks cheap

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It also lacks some features that can be available using other systems such as such as tanning ledges with umbrella stands, beach entry's, etc.

Pool Type

Advantages/Use

Disadvantage

Concrete Pool

- Flexibility and creativity in design - all shapes, sizes, materials and accessories possible

-More Costly -Long construction Process

Pre-fabricated Pool

- Less costly - Quick installation

-Fixed sizes and designs -lower quality

ABOVE GROUND POOLS 

There are many different makes and styles of

aboveground pools. 

The width of the uprights, the top rails and the

wall coatings are the most important aspects for durability 

The most durable aboveground pool is the all resin: (Kamika aboveground pool offers six inch resin uprights, seven inch resin top rails and a hot dipped galvanized steel wall with a liquid resin coating.) This is a very durable pool that can withstand the use of kids and harsh weather conditions.

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The second most durable pool is the resin/steel combination (Monaco aboveground pool offers six inch steel uprights, nine inch resin coated top rails and a hot dipped galvanized steel wall with a liquid resin coating.)

VINYL LINED POOLS 

There are many types of vinyl pools available. In general a vinyl pool consists of a wall structure e.g. wood, concrete, polymer, or different types of steel with a vinyl liner interior

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A vinyl liner is a custom made sheet of vinyl between the water and the pool structure.

INSTALLING VINYL SHEET POOLS 

The footprint of the pool is marked out and dug by excavator.

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The wall panels are erected

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Options are added to the pool. Ex: skimmers, steps, jets

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The plumbing is installed

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The braces are attached to each pool panel.

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Cement is poured on each brace after the wall has been set to the right height. Later on, a concrete collar is poured around the bottom of all of the panels to ensure stability.

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sand is added to the pool floor and is floated (smoothed out with trowels)

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the pool liner is installed and the pool is filled with water

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backfill with dirt, then the dive board stands and ladder and rail cups can be cemented in. After the dirt around the pool has settled for a few weeks, the cement, bricks or other deck-work can be added to the pool area. After that, the ladder, rails, diving board, landscaping and other finishing touches can be installed.

VINYL LINED STAINLESS STEEL POOL

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foxpools X-Brace Detail

POOL FINISHES TYPES T

ILES

Mosaic Tiles   

Highly available in the market Imported from china, Spain and Italy Ranges From 70 LE/ m up to 250 LE/m  

Some types can be very expensive 5001000 LE/m special orders

Ceramic Tiles  

Highly available in the market Locally Manufactured (Ceramica Cleopatra) 

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Starting 4 LE / piece (Egyptian types) 

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Imported From China, Spain And Italy Starting 20 LE / piece (Imported types)

Relatively limited forms shapes and color formation

POOL FINISHES A

PPLIED

white/colored plaster

pebble aggregate (acid wash)

Painting

glass bead (rare in Egypt)

TILE CONSTRUCTION METHOD 

The Whole Surface is covered with plaster over the insulation cementations materials.

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The Cohesive material (latex) (25 KG bag) is being mixed with water to be ready for use.

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A layer is added over the wall and the tiles are being fixed.

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Verticality is adjusted using threads

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The cardboard layer fixing the tiles together is being pealed off and the latex is added again over the surface of the tiles to fill in the gaps.

A wet towel is used to polish the surface, remove extra cardboard and surface level the paste infill.

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR A SWIMMING POOL / M 

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Excavation Sandy soil 10-12 LE / m3 Rocky soil 35 LE / m3 Plain concrete 400-450 LE / m3 Reinforced Concrete 1700-2000 LE / m3 Brick work 600-700 LE/ m3 Cementations material 70-80 LE /m2 (insulation ) Insulation Sheets (3mm) 50LE/m2 Plaster 80 LE/ m2 

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(pool surface)

Supply and installation (Chinese mosaic) 170 LE /m2  (Spanish Mosaic) 300 LE / m2 

DECK

TILED DECK

Pool tiles are the most popular material at the water line of the pool.  They, can retain heat when installed as the pool deck surface.  Tile does last considerably long and requires little maintenance.  Tile is also very adaptable to various design tastes and can be installed in a variety of patterns and colors. 

TYPES Granite  Marble  Porcelain  Stone 

STONE PROCESSING 1. Mining

3. Polishing

2. Gang sawing/ cutting

4. Installation

4. Installation

TYPES OF GRANITE 

Imported: Double Black strongest  Tam brown  Labrador Granite (1300 LE/m)  Baltic Brown 

Egyptian:   

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Verdi Romadi Sherta Rosa Ahmar Aswan (strongest local granite) Masry Halayeb Although price differs from type to another depending on ‫التشغيل‬, that of granite is normally between the range of 350450 Egyptian pounds per m.

Imported types are double the price of the local ones.

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TYPES OF GRANITE (EGYPT)

GRANITE VS MARBLE Granite Higher tolerance in the open environment Mood or taste, example (stairs) Used a lot in hospitals Crystals Rough polishing

Marble Price outdoor is higher Quality of marble depends on where are you going to use it.

Soft polishing

PORCELAIN   

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Unglazed tile is often used as a pool decking material because of its attractive, elegant appearance.

Tile is available in a variety of sizes and shapes so it also provides many design options.

Several types of tile can be used to create a pattern for the deck, or you can opt for a classic, uniform look with all the same type of tile.

However, tile is one of the more expensive decking materials, so it may not fit all budgets.

In addition, unglazed tile must be used in a pool deck because glazed tile is slippery and can be dangerous when wet.

Textured Porcelain  

Full Body Porcelain or double charge For the outdoor use 

The porcelain tile doesn’t have to be sealed

STONES 

Flagstone is one of the most popular pool deck surfacing materials:   

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organic looking long-lasting provides a rough texture for a nonslip surface.

Flagstone is large, flat stones in various shapes that encompass sandstone, limestone, and slate.

Flagstone can be pricier than other pool deck materials because of the labor involved in placing each stone individually and because it is a natural material.

Flagstone can also become uncomfortably warm to walk on in extreme heat.

A natural stone deck is a good option if trying to create a rustic look with your pool.

It is a good match for free-form pools that are shaped like a lagoon because it continues the natural feel of the landscape.  Natural stone also comes in tiles, which can be used to create unique patterns around the pool.  

CONCRETE DECK Types, Choice and Design

CONCRETE A colored, textured cement surface that is as strong as the base concrete.  Significantly lowers the surface temperature of concrete.  Withstands thermal expansion and contraction better than concrete.  Proprietary mixture of natural substances and synthetic iron oxide pigments.  Environmentally safe.  Scrub with soap and water to keep the surface looking great.

CONCRETE

CONT.

Spray-on coatings are usually a cement blended product that are sprayed onto the existing surface of a pool deck. One popular spray-on coating is a concrete topping that provides a colored and textured cement surface.

CHOICE OF A MATERIAL Granite » Very hard, strong and durable - ideal for commercial applications » Hammered surface finish for good anti-slip properties

Ceramic » Thinner ceramic material requires more care in installation » Must be laid over a firm, smooth surface to avoid "rocking" of the tiles » Good anti-slip properties due to surface coating of fine transparent silica sand » Not recommended where heavy cast iron furniture with unprotected legs are used » Higher water absorption specification than granite or slate tiles

BLACK GRANITE Appearance

Modern, minimal variation from tile to tile. Contains a small amount of mica which sparkles in the sunlight. Can have minor white veining.

Properties Dense and durable, makes it strong and less likely to stain. Slip resistant. Accurately sized, cuts well and is easy to lay. Dark colour will retain more heat.

Maintenance Minimal. Seal with penetrating sealer to make cleaning easier.

Pricing Economical - comparable to concrete, sandstone and porcelain.

Profile options Tiles, bullnose edge, square edge, cobbles, grate, wall capping.

GRANITE POOL GRATE Appearance

Use with the matching granite tile colour for a seamless look.

Properties

Dense and durable, makes it strong and less likely to stain. Cool underfoot. Slip resistant.

Maintenance

Minimal. Seal with penetrating sealer to make cleaning easier.

Pricing

Economical - similar to the cost of plastic grate.

Sizes and options

Standard size is 600x225x30mm. Custom sizes available.

BLACK GRANITE

Black Granite as the coping and surround paving

WOOD DECK

OUTDOOR WOOD DECKING OPTIONS 

Cedar:

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Aesthetic looks.

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Resistant to decay.

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Fairly soft wood that wears quickly. Heavy items may leave scratches and marks on a cedar deck.

Absorbs less moisture than other woods, making your deck more likely to lie flat.

Splitting still may occur when installed at groundlevel or in a shady locale.

Should be cleaned and resealed at least every couple years.

Addition of a preservative will also extend the lifespan of cedar that is exposed to the elements (15 years or more).

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Redwood:

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More expensive due to its scarcity.

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Newer growth redwoods are being harvested, meaning a higher frequency of knots and sapwood.

Major advantages of redwood is its ability to stay straight with a minimum number of fasteners.

Gorgeous appearance.

Outdoor Wood Decking Options  

Pressure-treated wood (usually pine or birch): Treated with preservative chemicals to resist rot and insect infestation.

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Less expensive than other options

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Can last for more than 40 years.

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Better quality with straighter, nicer grain and not so many unsightly knots.

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Ipe Hardwood:

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High durability.

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Aesthetic appeals.

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Very dense.

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Naturally resistant to rot, weather, insects, and fire.

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Longest life span of any wood decking, 50 plus years.

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Rich brown color unmatched by other deck woods.

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Cost prohibitive and it requires special construction equipment because of its density.

HARDWOOD TEAK DECKING Teak decking is considered as the best hardwood decking material for outdoor projects due to its superior weathering resistance for outdoor use Types of Teak Decking: Smooth surface without T&G /Anti Slipped Groove Surface with T&G Teak outdoor decking dimensions: RL(600-2400)X95X20MM / RL(6002400)X120X20MM/RL(600-2400)X150X20MM Properties: 

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Color: Teak is an attractive, golden, reddish or dark brown-colored wood. When unfinished teak is exposed to outdoor elements, it will eventually turn a silvery-grayish color.

Grain and Texture: Teak wood typically appears to be straight grained. The texture of teak wood may vary from fine to coarse, but it is more often coarse.

Water Repellant: Teak wood contains oils that make it naturally water repellent. This unique property is one reason the wood is a popular choice for garden and patio furniture.

Decay and Pest Resistant: The same natural oils that help teak wood repel water also make it resistant to decay and pests, particularly termites. The oils help the teak wood retain its natural beauty without warping or becoming brittle.

Density: Teak wood is extremely dense. Teak contains silica; this property is another reason the wood can withstand the outdoor elements without rotting.

Aroma: Teak wood has a unique and distinctive scent. Some have described the teak wood fragrance as earthy, while others say it has a leathery fragrance.

Other types of wood available in Egypt: Mosky,(Pine wood, cheapest), Azizi, (Pitch pine), Zan (beech), Arw (Oak wood: 6000-10000LE/sq.m)

OTHER 

Composite Decking:

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Composite decking is a made of a combination of wood and plastic.

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Additives such as zinc borate that prevent mold and rot of the wood contained within the product.

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Easily installed

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Require little maintenance.

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High cost

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Spray-On Coatings:

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Spray-on coatings are usually a cement blended product that are sprayed onto the existing surface of a pool deck. One popular spray-on coating is a concrete topping that provides a colored and textured cement surface.

Rubber: Rubber is a relatively unknown surface option for pool decks but provides a great soft and nonslip surface that is able to withstand outdoor elements. Pebble-flex is an example of this type of product which is recognized more widely as the surface below public playground equipment. The product can be colored and designed into patterns or logos, is UV-resistant, and offers easy clean up.

INSTALLATION

INSTALLATION 

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Ideally you would lay the tiles on bed of fine gravel, but even if you don't have compacted gravel around the pool, you can still lay the tiles over bare earth, provided a few precautions are taken. In particular you'll need to make sure the surface is very firm and quite smooth (not bumpy) and lay a weed control mat under the tiles.

In case of having vegetation around the pool deck, thus a possible leakage to the tile; an insulated RC slab of average 10 cm thick

IN CASE OF A CURVED POOL If the pool is curved, you can easily cut the tiles to shape to fit the curve of the pool wall with just a handsaw or jigsaw. If you make a template with a piece of stiff cardboard it helps to avoid making any mistakes in cutting the tiles and will ensure you have a snug fit up against the pool wall.

DESIGN

WOODEN DECKS

JOIST SPAN

Deck Types

Deck Types

Beams

Beams Spans

Design Template

Details

Details

Footings

Ledger Board Attachment

Details

Guard Detail

Free Standing Deck

Stair Details

Plan

Joists and Beam plans

PERGOLA

Pergolas are garden structures that offer shade, a place to eat and rest and an attractive focal point.

There are a variety of shapes and types. They are sometimes connected to or supported by a house or another structure, but they also can stand alone. Pergolas come in a variety of materials; whilst wood is most common, they can also be made from vinyl and fibreglass

TYPES OF PERGOLA 

Structure Walkway Pergola  Box Pergola  Planter Pergola design  Attached and FreeStanding Pergolas 

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Material   

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shade cloth steel plastic PVC Wood

WOOD TYPES There are a number of types of wood appropriate for building a pergola: 

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Ipe is a tropical hardwood that lasts well even in salty coastal conditions. It weathers to a silverybrown and can be stained or left natural.

Redwood is another attractive and long-lasting choice.

Cedar is similar to all-heart redwood in that it withstands the elements effectively. The main difference is that cedar weathers quickly to a grayish color, while redwood retains its reddishbrown color a little longer. Cedar takes paint and stain particularly well.

Pressure-treated wood is unattractive but cheap and long-lasting. It’s treated with a copper-based pesticide which repels insects and rot, but the treatment leaves little indentations along the surface of the wood which are visible even after painting or staining.

Douglas fir is another inexpensive wood choice.

Keep it maintained by painting regularly, inspecting for signs of insect damage or rot, and make sure the footings are installed correctly so it’s elevated off the ground.

MAINTENANCE 

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A wood patio cover will require annual maintenance.

It will need to be treated regularly to protect it from weather damage.

A wooden patio cover will also need to be repainted frequently to keep up its original appearance.

If not maintained properly, the wood could rot and deteriorate quickly making it necessary to replace the entire patio cover.

However, if properly cared for you can enjoy your wood patio cover for many years.

POOL DESIGN

The General Layout of the Project

The Set of Drawings is another file.