Dog Ownership 101 - A Magazine For Dog Owners

YOUR 9-PART BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO CARING FOR AN ADULT DOG

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MARCH / APRIL 2016

FACTS ABOUT

mixed

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STEPS TO TAKE WHEN

grooming

YOUR DOG

BREED

DOGS THE 10 GOLDEN RULES OF

HOUSETRAINING

7 Tips

ON HOW TO ABIDE BY

DOG LAWS & REGULATIONS

YOUR 6-PART

CHECKLIST FOR MAKING

DOG EXCERCISE

MORE FUN! 9 QU E S T I O N S A N D A N S W E R S A B O U T D O G I L L N E S S E S

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PUBLISHER AND EDITOR’S LETTER

CON TENTS 7 THINGS I’VE LEARNED ABOUT TERRIERS

Terriers are a highly popular breed of dog that has been around for centuries. The following information will introduce you to several different types of Terrier dogs.

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6 STEPS TO TAKE WHEN GROOMING YOUR DOG

Dog grooming is essential, but there is much more to do than brushing and washing. Learn about more vital components of dog grooming to take care of your puppy properly.

6 TIPS ON THE HERDING DOG GROUP

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If you are looking for a herding dog such as a sheep dog or a cattle dog, choose carefully. If you select the right breed of dog, you may find just the help you require.

7 BEGINNER’S TIPS ON DOGGIE FIRST AID

As a dog owner, you should really consider teaching yourself doggie first aid. With the proper training and techniques you may be able to save your dog’s life one day.

7 STEPS TO TAKE BEFORE GETTING A DOG

Having a dog can be a great deal of fun, but it also requires a great deal of responsibility. Before buying a dog, make sure that you are really ready to be a dog owner.

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7 TIPS ON HOW TO ABIDE BY DOG LAWS AND REGULATIONS

As a dog owner, you need to do much more than take care of your pet due to laws and regulations. Learn about various laws you need to follow to avoid being sued or fined.

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8 GOLDEN RULES FOR DECIDING ON A DOG BREED

There are so many types of dogs, there are probably multiple that would fit your preferences or ideals. This is an introduction to the process of choosing the right dog for you.

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9 COMMON DOG OWNER MISTAKES DURING ADOPTION

Are you looking for the perfect dog to add to your family? If so, you should take care to select a dog with a personality that meshes well with your lifestyle and family.

9 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT DOG ILLNESSES

You love your dog and wish to keep your pet safe, but do you know how to recognize dangerous illnesses? Learn more about Distemper, Lyme Disease and Leptospirosis today.

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CON TENTS 55 59

THE 10 GOLDEN RULES OF HOUSETRAINING YOUR DOG Housetraining is an important skill that many dogs require a great deal of training to achieve.

Learn more about housetraining and how to teach your dog to follow the rules.

YOUR 6-PART CHECKLIST FOR MAKING DOG EXERCISE MORE FUN Dogs require a decent amount of exercise and as a dog owner you need to ensure your dog exercises enough. There are many ways to have fun and get your dog some exercise.

9 THINGS I’VE LEARNED ABOUT MIXED BREED DOGS

If you’re looking to add a new dog to your family, why not make it a mixed breed? Mixed breed dogs are widely beloved these days and have even been embraced by the AKC.

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A 6-PART OVERVIEW OF TEACHING YOUR DOG TRICKS

The most simple of tricks can be more impressive than a more sophisticated one if the dog was taught by an adept owner. Here are some easy tricks, and some tips to make the experience that much more fun.

A 7-PART GENERAL OVERVIEW OF TERRIERS

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If you are looking for a new dog, you should consider a Terrier. Learn more about a few different breeds of Terriers that may be the best choice for you and your family.

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YOUR 9-PART BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO CARING FOR AN ADULT DOG Caring for a senior dog is easy if you know a few basic things. Regular visit to the vet, a proper diet and regular exercise help your dog stay happy and healthy longer.

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PUBLISHER’S FOREWORD MARCH/APRIL 2016

Editor

Alicia Breckenridge Writer

Kelly Livingston Head of Creatives Nyvia Ross

Graphic Designer Kerwin Wepee

Digital Property Managers Maharlika Matutinao Layla Anaya

Digital Property Assistants Krystine Sitjar Warren Nietes

Online Presence: Facebook Google+ Twitter Tumblr Pinterest

For advertising concerns please contact KJ Ross at kjross@authoritativecontentllc.com

Dog ownership 101’s magazine content cannot be copied or reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publishers. Dog ownership 101’s editors and publishers shall not be held liable for any unsolicited materials. All prices and specifications published in this magazine are subject to change by manufacturers, agency and retailers.

Hello! Welcome to the second, March/April issue of Dog Ownership 101! I’m happy to announce that our first issue was a great success, and that we will continue to build and improve. We hope everyone’s doing well at this young stage of the year.

In the last few weeks we’ve felt the anticipation of the 88th Academy Awards. Leonardo DiCaprio finally took home a well deserved Oscar for Best Actor, for the movie ‘The Revenant’. In a way, it’s an encouraging sign that despite how long the journey may be, goals of any size can and will be achieved.

Goals come in all sorts of packages, and some lack the confidence in themselves to see them through. For aspiring dog owners, many don’t know if they have what it takes to be a good dog owner.

They aren’t sure if they walk a lifestyle that can accommodate one, or are discouraged in the fact that they know so little about them in the first place.

variety of breeds, you’ll learn about which is best for you. You’ll be able to avoid common adoption mistakes, and get on track to enjoy a relationship with your dog that will stand the test of time. Even for those who are already dog owners, Dog Ownership 101 will only enhance that bond between you and your pooch.

I now hand it off to Alicia Breckenridge, editor of Dog Ownership 101. Here’s to a healthy March/April to everyone. See you in the next issue!

Warm regards,

Kenan Ross KENAN ROSS CEO Authoritative Content

With Dog Ownership 101, you’ll find the confidence you need in order to take the step to becoming a dog owner. With tips and introductions regarding a wide

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Hello! Welcome to our March/April issue of Dog Ownership 101!

This is our second issue and we’re excited to build upon our success and deliver the dog ownership tips our readers need. Now is a good time as any to consider adopting a dog, and we’re here to show you how to do it the right way.

As dog owners, there’s nothing we wouldn’t do to make sure our pure, loveable friends are safe and full of joy. In the past, less has been known about things such as dog illnesses and general care. Luckily, with advancements in research the general populace has a much higher degree of knowledge when it comes to taking dog ownership responsibility. Every day, new products are being developed to make your dog’s life easier and more comfortable. Despite that, there are many owners who are still in the dark!

Our mission at Dog Ownership 101 is to enlighten our readers on everything pertinent to caring for their dog, from abiding by regulations to

housetraining, and even first aid. With so much information available today, it’s important that no dog gets left behind in terms of the care that they deserve.

These tips will make you not only a better owner, but also improve the dynamic that your dog brings to your entire household.

From the moment you consider adopting a dog to learning the steps that come after welcoming it to your family, Dog Ownership 101 guides you throughout the entire relationship between you and your dog. You’ll be able to pick a dog breed assured that it’s the one for you, and have confidence in every step of the doggie training process whether you adopt a puppy or an adult. Rest assured, this is your year!

Best wishes,

Alicia Breckenridge

ALICIA BRECKENRIDGE Editor Dog Ownership 101 Magazine

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6 STEPS TO TAKE WHEN GROOMING YOUR DOG by Kelly Livingston

Dog grooming is essential, but there is much more to do than brushing and washing. Learn about more vital components of dog grooming to take care of your puppy properly.

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og grooming involves much more than simply giving your dog the occasional bath and brushing your dog’s coat. Cleaning your dogs ears is also very important and you may have to do even grosser jobs like expressing anal sacs. You can perform many dog grooming methods on your own, but remember that professional help is available when you need it. You should also be sure to take your dog to the vet if any issue is too severe! The following steps will help you to determine whether you need the help of a vet or whether you can handle it on your own.

IDENTIFY IF YOUR DOG HAS EAR ISSUES Problems with ears are all too common for many a dog. Some pups never develop any issues with ears. Certain types of dogs, in

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DOG ownership 101 | MARCH / APRIL

particular hounds and sporting animals that have droopy ears, often get ear infections. These type of ears become a breeding ground for bacteria and mites. All dogs even those without drooped ears need grooming that includes ear cleaning. If you smell something near the dog’s ears, there could be an infection. Those who own dogs, particularly poodles, frequently go about plucking and yanking the hair from their dog’s ears and that hurts. Your dog may hate it, but if there’s a lot of hair and infection, plucking may be necessary, so talk to your vet.

MAKE IT EASIER TO CLEAN YOUR DOG’S EARS It’s going to be hard to make this an experience the dog will like. But you can follow these suggestions so your dog is as comfortable

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Just like any other family member, your dog can have some annoying habits. Luckily, you can put a stop to them with these tips.

CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE.

as he or she can be. Hold your dog’s ears, touch them, flip them if they’re long and look into them so he gets used to being handled there. Wait until he’s a little tired to clean them out. The ears will get pulled less if the dog isn’t fighting with you and so you’ll be able to clean them weekly. If you procrastinate with your dog’s ear cleanings, the process will be longer and more problematic.

Keep a stash of snacks nearby to reward him for being good. He deserves a treat even if he just let’s you get near his ears. Don’t ever tug on the dog’s ears or bump them if at all possible. Your dog will always remember the pain of you hurting their ears the last time and will avoid you cleaning them again in the future.

GATHER THE TOOLS FOR THE JOB FIRST Put all your equipment together prior to starting the ear cleaning. Doing this is going to make the process of ear-cleaning go much more smooth. Keeping everything you need in a central location will be what makes for a positive experience as opposed to a bad one. Avoid using any products with insecticides. A groomers’ supply store is a perfect place to find otic solution. Be sure

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to use sterile products like gauze, cotton swabs and sponges as a way to remove the solution. It’s pretty simple to clean the dog’s ears. Go slowly, so you don’t go too deeply into the ear. Just hold the dog’s head in a gentle way so the ear is easy to get to, usually while you sit down next to him or her. Put some of the ear solution into the ear and massage it into the ear canal. Wipe away the excess with a sponge or piece of sterile gauze that you can wrap around forceps or clamp if you’d like.

SEE YOUR VET FOR SERIOUS ISSUES You might think man’s best friend is easy to care for, but you should be warned: dogs are especially susceptible to irritation from chemicals, infections and pests. You won’t want to use any insecticides or mite treatments because they may cause an irritation for your pet. Your dogs ears are very sensitive and should you notice anything resembling coffee grounds, waxy buildups, or mites, make sure you take your dog to the vet. While your dog’s ears are exposed, be extremely careful to trim long hair from the openings of his or her ear as excess hair could cause an ear infection. The most important thing is

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to keep an eye on your dog’s behavior and physical appearance for any signs of ear problems. Report any problems to your vet immediately. Things like ear blisters, scrapes, crusty or red spots; too much wax that is red or black; ears that smell bad or seeing the dog shaking her head a lot or pawing at the ear area; or if your dog is yelping if you try to touch that spot.

BE PREPARED FOR THE LESS FUN TASKS If the dog has all of a sudden began to wipe his hind section on your carpeting, you might have the questionable task of having to assist your dog in removing fluid from the anal sacs. Many of you may think that dog grooming is a bore. Well that is probably before you realized that dogs occasionally need to have their anal glands emptied. These sacs are location by the side of the dogs anus and carry rather smelly fluids.

Some dogs are capable of expressing themselves whenever they need to poop, but from time to time the dog may not be able to do so themselves.

When the glands fill up with fluid it becomes your job to help release these fluids/material. Some dogs will require you to perform this more often than others. All dogs have anal sacs near their rectum. These sacs occasionally become clogged, which can cause infection.

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LEARN TO RECOGNIZE THE SIGNS Watch for signs your dog has some sort of anal sac distress by noting if he ‘scoots’ his rear end on the ground or carpet, or if he constantly gnaws at his anal area. You can relieve his discomfort by ‘expressing’ his anal glands. You can perform this procedure yourself, but it’s best to get a vets guidance before attempting for the first time, as improper technique can cause further complications. When you’re bathing your dog, you can try to express their anal sacs. This will give you a chance to wash away the foul smelling liquid and it won’t matter if it misses your paper towel. All you need to do this is your thumb, forefinger and gloves. It is a fairly simple action, though you may want someone to hold your dog’s head still. Take a decently large amount of paper towels, lift your dog’s tail and put the towels under their bottom.

With fingers at the 4 o’clock and 8 positions, press gently, but be sure to keep your face well away!

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Now you know more about common dog grooming issues. Some of these methods are easy enough to take care of on your own, but if your dog has issues that are concerning you should take them to see a vet as soon as you can. For other more yucky jobs like expressing anal sacs, you may wish to enlist the help of a professional so you don’t have to do it yourself. Whatever you do, just take good care of your dog to keep your pooch happy and healthy!

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6 TIPS ON THE HERDING DOG GROUP by Alicia Breckenridge

If you are looking for a herding dog such as a sheep dog or a cattle dog, choose carefully. If you select the right breed of dog, you may find just the help you require.

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eing a dog isn’t always all about play: many dogs also work to earn their keep. There are many different breeds of dogs that have been bred for their ability to assist farmers and Shepards in herding their sheep or cattle. If you are curious to learn more about cattle dogs and sheepdogs from around the world, this introduction to herding dogs will give you all the information you need.

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AUSTRALIAN CATTLE DOGS Australian Cattle Dogs originate from Australia and were first developed in the DOG ownership 101 | MARCH / APRIL

1800s to address the need for a dog that could tolerate the rough terrain and unfavorable climate.

Additionally, the Australian ranchers needed dogs that were capable of herding a more wild breed of cattle. Some of the cross-breeds could have included Dingos, Dalmations and Highland Collies.

The breed was slow to gain popularity in the U.S., but has shown itself to be a relentless and capable herder. The breed was first recognized by the AKC in 1993. Though the name is confusing, the Australian Shepherd originates between Spain and France in the Pyrenees Mountains. The name is attributed to the dogs association with the Australian shepherds, 2016

The truth about dogs that act out is that it’s all a result of an inexperienced owner. Here’s what it takes to remedy the problem.

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who settled in the United Stated during the 1800’s.

Their train ability, intelligence, and versatility make the breed a favorite among ranchers today. The dogs starring roles in television, movies and rodeo appearances have boosted their popularity. The breed do well as therapy, hearing, guide and search and rescue animals.

THE BEARDED COLLIE The Bearded Collie, which originates in Scotland, perhaps traces its ancestors back to the Komondor, herding dogs of the British Isles, as well as the Poland Lowland Sheepdog. Beardies, energetic dogs, were tireless sheepherders in Scotland, later becoming popular as show dogs.

Recognized by the AKC in 1977, Bearded Collies

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have a wide fan base, people who appreciate the breed as an active companion, fit for agility, Frisbee, and herding up yards of children. Found originally in France in the 1500s, the Beauceron is a herding dog that was of great value on farms throughout the country. In 1863, the breed was divided between long and short coats. During the first and second World War, they were used as a message carrier for the military, and also used to detect mines. Though the breed isn’t well known outside of France, they have recently seen a rise in popularity by U.S. enthusiasts.

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THE BELGIAN MALINOIS The Belgian Malinois is in partnership with other Belgian sheep-herding breeds

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which includes the Belgian Sheepdog and the Belgian Tervvren. Belgian dogs are very famous breed all over the world except the U.S. Malinois which was developed in the city of Malines is a very famous herder as a confident herder and guard.

It is ranked above the German Shepherd as a preeminent security and police dog even though it has varied popularity outside Belgium.

under its care. It also knows very well how to herd sheep even if they are in large numbers. Even when sheep farms were mechanized, the dogs were still there on the farms. By the year 1930, the number of this breed fell so drastically that they faced near extinction. However, thanks to the efforts of some dog lovers, their number is now gradually increasing.

The origin of the Belgian Sheepdog goes back to the late 1800s. They are commonly called the Groenendael or Chien de Berger Beige. Initially these dogs were mostly used in the fields of herding and guarding. Their popularity as police dogs started in the early decades of the 20th century.

They were widely used as sentry dogs, message carriers, and ambulance dogs during the two world wars. At present, they are used not only as guides but also in therapies. Moreover, they serve the duty of beloved pet dogs.

A Border Collie is the all around greatest when it comes to sheepdogs. Dating back to the 1800s, they were found near the borders of England and Scotland. Hemp, known to be the patriarch of the breed had herding skills that were nothing short of spectacular, and an icy stare. Though many devout breed lovers have fought to keep the Border Colie from the show ring, it received AKC recognition in 1995. There have been recent studies that indicate a Border Collie may be the smartest breed.

THE BELGIAN TERVUREN Though there are four breeds of Belgian shepherd dogs, the one that is most preferred by farmers to look after their flocks of sheep is the Belgian Tervuren. This dog has a natural tendency to provide protection to animals

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THE BRIARD AND OTHER FRENCH SHEEPDOGS The word Bouvier in French means “cowherd�. The breed of Bouvier des Flandres was originally just a herding dog and you could get them in many different sizes and colors. In the early 20th century they became popular and their look was

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standardized. They’re not too popular right now, but it shows well in dog shows and herding contests.

Among the four breeds of French sheepdogs, the oldest one is the Briard and its written history goes back to the 1300s. In olden days, these dogs performed dual duties; looked after herds of sheep and guarded estates. But later on, their duty was limited to herding sheep only. It is believed that the origin of Briard is the Unites States. The names of both Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson are quoted in connection with this breed. The first record of a Briard litter by the AKC is in 1922. Even today, Briards are widely used in France to herd sheep.

THE CANAAN DOG AND THE COLLIE The extensive and interesting history of the Canaan Dog begins in antiquity, in the biblical Land of Canaan. An adept guard dog and shepherd for the ancient Israelites, after the dispersion of the Israelites at the behest of Rome, many dogs lingered as wild or feral dogs, or lived as guard or livestock dogs with Bedouins. Later on, this breed filled roles as sentry dogs, messenger dogs, and land mine locating dogs. The first of this breed to reach the U.S. did so in 1965. Collies

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were Scottish and English herding dogs and Queen Victoria fell in love with them in 1860. There are two versions: the rough and the smooth coated. That’s the only difference between them. The breed was brought to America to help on sheep farms and grew in popularity. Of course, Lassie is the best known rough coated Collie and made the breed even more popular than it was. Dog breeders wanted a great sheep dog and as a result the German Shepherd Dog came about. This dog has all the qualities needed to protect a herd of sheep.

They are smart, brave, reliable and robust. In addition to their sheep herding skills, this breed of dog is a good law enforcement, army, guide, rescue and performing dog. In the 1920s and 1930s, the breed’s likability grew due to the screen presence of the performing dogs Rin Tin Tin and Strongheart.

With all of the above information in mind, you are ready to go out there and find the perfect canine helper. If you do not need assistance with herding sheep or cattle and just wish to have a dog with a herding mindset, take heart. Just because a dog is bred to be an excellent helper on the farm doesn’t mean that it can’t be a perfect lapdog if you allow it the luxury.

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7 BEGINNER’S TIPS ON DOGGIE FIRST AID As a dog owner, you should really consider teaching yourself doggie first aid.

With the proper training and techniques you may be able to save your dog’s life one day. by Alicia Breckenridge

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ou love your dog. Your dog is like a member of the family! But do you know what to do if there is an emergency and your dog needs immediate help? If not, you need to change that as soon as you can!

The following is doggie first aid information that you can use to help your dog if your dog becomes sick or injured.

HOW TO CHECK YOUR DOG’S PULSE To check your doggie’s pulse you need to locate the femoral artery, located under the skin on the inside of the leg, between the two large muscles found where the leg meets the body. With the dog standing, place your hand in front of the rear leg where it meets the body and slide your fingers into the space between the leg and groin area. You

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will feel the artery pulse when the heart beats.

Once you have found the artery when the dog is standing, try again with the dog in a sidelying position. Count the pulses in 15 seconds and multiply by four to find the number of beats per minute. Familiarize yourself with the pulse rate of your dog, how it feels when they are calm and relaxed and also how it feels after any type of exercise. Normally, a dog’s pulse will fall somewhere between 70 and 120 beats per minute. A puppy could have a pulse rate anywhere between 120 to 160 beats per minute.

PERFORMING A CAPILLARY REFILL TEST Lift the dog’s lip and check the color of their gums above their canine tooth.

The gums should be pink. When you press on them, they should turn white for a moment and then go back to pink. This is known as a capillary refill test. If they are blue in color, your dog is lacking oxygen. If your doggie looks

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pale or white this indicates either an internal or external loss of blood for the dog. Gray or purple gums and a slowly refilling capillary means the dog may be in shock. A bright red color could mean a systemic infection or a possible exposure to a toxin. One thing that can make assessment harder is that certain breeds of dogs have black colored gums. For these dogs, you must carefully pull down on their lower eyelid so you can check the pink tissue inside.

ENSURE THAT YOU HAVE A DOGGIE FIRST AID KIT In a crisis situation the only thing you know for sure is if the color of the affected area and surrounding tissues have changed. Know before hand how to check your dogs pulse and always have a first aid kit prepared, this is important in the case of an injury to your dog.

As you read on we will supply you with a check list so you can be as prepared as possible.

Remember if there has been an accident and a dog is involved, make sure you are out of harms way before you try and help the dog. It is a sad thing to learn that some people, in an effort to help injured animals, forget their own safety and get injured or killed on the roads by passing vehicles.

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WHAT TO DO IF YOUR DOG IS INJURED ON THE ROAD If a dog happens to be injured on the road, the first thing to be done is to put up a sign to warn the speeding motorists of the injured dog. Then go to the dog and check the extent of its injuries. Try to remove the dog to a safer place if possible. Be very careful not to be bitten by the dog. Even if it is your own dog, it might bite you if it is in shock or severe pain. So, before removing the dog to a safer place and assessing its injuries, make sure that its mouth is shut with a muzzle made of any material you can lay your hands on. Your dog will forgive you for using a muzzle if it wasn’t necessary. If it was however, you will be forever glad you thought ahead to protect yourself.

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WHAT TO DO IF YOUR DOG IS SICK OR HURT If your dog is sick or hurt, it is your job to stay calm and make precise choices. Keep your voice from showing any hint of fear you may have. You can use the A-B-C checklist if

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you ever happen upon a situation where a dog is so hurt that they seem to be unconscious or even in shock. If you notice a bleeding wound, try to assess the situation in this order. Issues with breathing and blood circulation are often more serious than are wounds so if you’re sure the former two are okay, then take care of the wound. If the dog isn’t responding but has no neck or back injuries that you can see, except maybe for wounds that are bleeding, tilt the head back a little, open the mouth and check for anything that may be stuck there stopping the flow of air.

MAKE SURE YOUR DOG IS BREATHING PROPERLY Use a gauze or cloth to make gripping easier and pull her tongue out gently to look even deeper into the throat. Breathing is easier if the tongue is pulled forward. It will cause the airway to open. Check the pulse at the femoral artery in order to find how blood is circulating.

The pulse of a healthy dog is about 10 to 14 beats per 15 seconds and will be strong. If you have a smaller dog, the pulse will be quicker. If you notice a pulse, but it is weak, the dog could possibly be in shock. If you’re noticing you can’t feel the pulse in the groin, try to put your thumb and finger at either side of the chest

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to the back of the elbows and see if the heart is beating, if there is nothing, you will need to start CPR. BE SURE TO CHECK YOUR DOG’S GUMS AND AIRWAY Checking the dog’s gums will help you see if there is circulation as well. Blue gums may indicated the dog is not receiving enough oxygen.

Inspect the airway and remove any obstructing objects. Signs that the dog is in shock include weak or fast pulse, short breaths, gray, purple or pale gums, glazing of the eyes, or if the dog appears weak or faints means you should transport him to the vet as soon as you can. Meanwhile you must keep him covered with a blanket and keep him quiet and ensure his head is as low as his body.

Start CPR if you are unable to get a pulse or find that he is not breathing.

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Now you are ready to be there for your pup when he or she needs you the most. Teaching yourself doggie first aid today may very well lead to you saving your dog’s life one day. So take your job as a dog owner seriously and prepare yourself for even the worst situation. Your dog will thank you for it!

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7 STEPS TO TAKE BEFORE GETTING A DOG by Alicia Breckenridge

Having a dog can be a great deal of fun, but it also requires a great deal of responsibility. Before buying a dog, make sure that you are really ready to be a dog owner.

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wning a dog can be a really fun experience.

But it is important to remember that being a dog owner is not all fun and games. Dogs can be expensive and the proper care of a dog requires a great deal of responsibility. The following steps will show you the right questions to ask yourself, and they will help you to decide whether or not you are ready to bring a dog into your life.

CONSIDER THE COST OF HAVING A DOG Dogs may be happiness that money can buy, however, the cost does not stop with the purchase. Even a dog given to you by a friend or family member has costly needs. The affection and love are free, however, the necessities that come with it are not. Yes, free dogs are not really free. Even a mid-sized dog can chew, eat and barf his way through almost $1000 in no time. You don’t skimp out with generic dog food for this royal pup, so estimate $300 for proper food. Even simple dog tags average between $10- $50. There is a long list of expenses you have to bear even if your dog is young and healthy. You need to vaccinate your dog at the right times and your dog must be regularly examined for any signs of diseases and infestation by parasites. For all these, you need to pay a good sum to the vet. Grooming your dog will cost you an additional sum of $150 a year.

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IDENTIFY COMMON DOG EXPENSES If you need to hire someone to look after your dog in your absence, you have to pay that person too for his/her services. Another 100 bucks will go out of your pocket if you hire somebody to take your dog out for a refreshing walk. Then there are other items of expense like food, toys, clothing, bedding and so on for your dog. That is not including the baseboards that have been gnawed at, the torn up sofa cushions, or the slobbery shoes. Plus, what about all of the DOG ownership 101 | MARCH / APRIL

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obedience classes that you may want to take them to? Bigger dogs like Labs, Mastiffs, or Great Danes eat more and require more grooming. They will require higher doses of medicine and required shots than smaller dogs.

THINK ABOUT LONG TERM In fact, all of their supplies will need to be bigger and thus will be more costly.

The first year that you own a dog will be the most expensive year. To get a start on a healthy life, puppies require preventative care and numerous supplies. Doggie gear like feeding and water bowls and brushes and clippers and leashes/ collars is needed. You might also be wise to add in a fence for the yard and obedience classes.

And remember that purebred dogs cost quite a lot especially if the breed is pricey and the dog is pedigreed and comes from a good breeder. A new dog is an exciting milestone for families, but before you decide to make the purchase, please consider the expense of your decision beyond the initial purchase price. While dogs add invaluable love and companionship, they are not without expense. They are another mouth to feed and need both your time and finances just as much as a human family member.

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ASK OF YOURSELF: CAN I BE A RESPONSIBLE OWNER? If you foresee any major life changes, perhaps it’s best to wait before adding a new dog to your household. You want to bring a dog into a stable house with a set routine that you can maintain. Responsibility is a word that you have probably hated since the first time your parents uttered it to you. Unfortunately, it is something that will always be a part of life. When you adopt a pet, you are just as responsible for caring for it and providing for its needs as you are for a child.

It needs nutritious food, appropriate housing and veterinary care throughout its lifetime.

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SET BOUNDARIES FOR A PUPPY A puppy needs to have behavioral boundaries set and these must be taught in a way that is fair and humane. If not, it will test those boundaries, just as a willful child does. What makes the difference is that most human children will not bite someone when they lose control.

Dogs need mental stimulus and physical activity for physical and mental wellbeing. However, they can’t accomplish this on their own. Without a pack to play with, they will not constantly run around even when in a large fenced in yard. They may decide to entertain themselves with inappropriate

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behavior when left on their own accord – digging in the winning rose garden, chewing siding from the house, or barking for no reason.

UNDERSTAND HOW REWARDING IT CAN BE Some people enjoy all the responsibilities that come with dog ownership. In comparison to some other responsibilities, such as paying bills, teaching a teenager to drive (and actually watching your car head off down the road with your teen at the wheel) and paying for your child’s college education, your dog’s requirements are fairly easy to deal with. Prior to bringing a dog into your life, make sure that you are prepared for all aspects involved. Dog ownership can be extremely rewarding, provided you are indeed ready for the responsibility. You have to develop a good relationship with your dog, for sure, but you also have to develop one with your vet. He or she will help you take care of your dog for a long time to come. One who is responsible will be there for you on the journey from puppyhood to old age giving you the answers and the encouragement you need to give your dog the best, so pick your vet carefully.

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TAKE CARE TO SELECT THE RIGHT VET While you talk with the vet and the staff, you’ll get a gut feeling so pay attention to this. Even if you got a referral from someone you trust, this is going to be a relationship you have to establish. Leave if you get a bad vibe. A responsible canine parent has to keep the dog safe all the time. These days, someone isn’t at home all the time and there are lots of times when the house is going to be empty except for your dog. Puppies are similar to human toddlers.

They are curious when left alone and will find ways to entertain and unintentionally endanger themselves. This can include wandering over to kids across the highway, gnawing on electric cords, or eating the chicken bones left in the garbage. So puppy proofing your home when you go out is essential.

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Now you must take a look at your current situation. Are you financially able to care for a dog? Do you have time to invest in daily walks, or money to pay someone else to take over the job? Do you travel a lot? Where would you lodge your dog? Answering the questions presented by the information above will give you a pretty good idea whether or not a dog will fit into your current lifestyle.

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7 THINGS I’VE LEARNED ABOUT TERRIERS by Kelly Livingston

Terriers are a highly popular breed of dog that has been around for centuries. The following information will introduce you to several different types of Terrier dogs.

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f you are looking for a fun, feisty and protective pet, a Terrier is a great breed of dog for you to choose.

Terriers have strong instincts and do not take kindly to intruders. Terrier dogs have a proud history and have been used as hunting dogs for centuries. The following information is what I’ve learned about the history of Terriers, and this information will introduce you to many different varieties of this wellloved breed of dog.

THE HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF TERRIER DOGS Terrier means “of the earth”, and Terrier dogs are quite earthy. These dogs were bred to deal with pests like rodents and foxes in places like barns and fields. They “go to ground” and dig their prey so they needed to have a lot of energy, courage, and persistence. Some were later bred to fight each other or to kill vermin in pit contests, but thankfully that’s against the law now. Still, all of the Terrier breeds are very feisty and know how to take care of themselves.

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TERRIERS HAVE GREAT PERSONALITIES Dog owners looking for a lot

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of dog in a small package need not look any farther than today’s Terriers. These dogs for the most part have a good disposition and their heart will belong solely to their families. Keep in mind though; a Terrier may not be for everyone. Though they are an engaging type, they need an owner that can match them in spunk and enthusiasm. They don’t need much attention, but they can get bored and

ultimately become destructive if they don’t have challenges.

A great way to meet this need for challenges is to put your dog in the Terrier trials. These tests can give a Terrier a way to showcase how easily they can maneuver any man-made course.

TERRIERS HAVE STRONG INSTINCTS Some types of dogs who get excited when they’re

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let loose to chase an object or animal are Border, Wire Fox, Lake land, and Scottish Terriers. They have sharp prey instincts, and Terriers are intolerant to other dogs, gerbils, and cats. Many Terriers come off as bullies with their, ‘You talking to me?’ attitude. If one is looking for a protective breed, this is the type of dog for you because even the petite Terriers will warn you of intruders even if it’s just the mailman or a squirrel in the yard.

Terriers in general, are feisty, expressive, busy, bold, tenacious, and inquisitive.

THE MANY TYPES OF TERRIERS Terriers come in a variety of shapes and sizes. For example, fluffy Westie and the muscular Bull Terriers look so different from each other. All you can say is all Terriers have strong jaws enabling them to grab their prey and hold on. Small sized Terriers include Australian, Border, and Cairn varieties whereas the Airedale and American Staffordshire are large sized Terriers. A clear classification of Terriers is made on the basis of if they are short or long legged breeds. Most Terriers have wiry coats, maintained through

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a grooming technique called stripping, but other types of coats found in Terriers can be smooth, medium or long. Airedale, being the largest size in Terriers is also popular by title ‘King of Terriers’; it takes its size from Old English Terriers. English hunters used their Terriers to catch quarries like badger, otter, and fox. The Old English Terrier is now extinct.

THE AIREDALE TERRIER AND STAFFORDSHIRE TERRIERS As soon as it was brought to America the Airedale won people’s hearts with its smarts, looks, and protective attitude. It’s been used as a police dog, a show dog, or just a good companion. The AmStaff (American Staffordshire Terrier) as well as the Staffordshire Bull Terrier were bred from Bulldogs combined with game Terriers.

The former was meant to be a dog fighter in 19th century England, even though it was against the law. It is nice by nature but has a bad reputation because of the way its been trained. However, this breed is obedient, agile, and can track and conform.

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THE AUSTRALIAN TERRIER AND THE BEDLINGTON TERRIER The Australian Terrier, fostered in Tasmania, was the very first native breed to be recognized and presented in that country.

It was bred to be a versatile companion and worker and was put to use for controlling livestock, battling pests including snakes and rats, while also guarding against intruders.

Whether it’s the rural farms or the city, the Australian Terrier thirsts for a balanced theme of activity and companionship. The Bedlington Terrier are an enigmatic variety of Terrier, named after England’s Mining Shire which was developed in the 1800s. The deceiving part is while they look like lambs, this Bedlington breed is fast. They hunt of rats, badgers and other vermin. To keep the dog’s coat from being matted, take them to the groomer often to keep their curly coats tamed. This is the trademark of the lamp-like Terrier called the Bedlington.

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THE BORDER TERRIER AND THE BULL TERRIER Known as one of Britain’s oldest

Terriers, the Border Terrier originated in the 1700s on the border area between England and Scotland. Bred to hunt foxes, the Terrier was quick and kept up with horses during hunts, but was small enough in stature to go through fox holes. Today a Border Terrier can be expected to excel when it comes to agility and is an exceptional companion in homes. The Bull Terrier, a Bulldog and Terrier cross, caught the public eye, despite their less than friendly appearance. The Bull Terrier is incredibly friendly and loves fun and their adopted family.

As you can see, there are lots of different types of Terriers for you to choose from if you wish to have an energetic and protective pet. These dogs have been around for quite some time and are still a beloved breed. Now that you know a bit more about some of the various breeds of Terriers you will be better able to purchase a dog that is a good match for you and your family. Do your research and do not give up the search until you find the perfect dog and you are sure to find the Terrier that is right for you.

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7 TIPS ON HOW TO ABIDE BY DOG

LAWS AND REGULATIONS by Kelly Livingston

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As a dog owner, you need to do much more than take care of your pet due to laws and regulations. Learn about various laws you need to follow to avoid being sued or fined.

s a dog owner, you likely know that you need to feed your dog, give him water, play with him and take him for walks. But did you know that there are a host of regulations surrounding dogs and that your dog could lead to you getting sued if you do not follow them? The following information will explain various regulations involving dogs and where you can find them so you can learn the laws and take action to prevent being sued.

LAWSUITS ARE EVERYWHERE TODAY Today’s society is sadly a very ‘litigious’ one. Even if you haven’t been involved in any type of lawsuit, the law has probably come into play in at least a few of your dealings. This can include your dog.

Local and even federal laws have been created as a way to protect citizens, businesses and even pets. Obviously we like to be on the right side of the law but there will probably come a time when you will be face to face with a legal situation. Perhaps your dog barks morning,

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noon and night to the great irritation of your neighbors, or maybe your landlord has opted not to renew your lease because of the size of your dog. Even worse, perhaps your dog bit a child who strayed into your yard to retrieve a ball.

LEGAL ISSUES INVOLVING DOGS Following is some information regarding legal issues involving dogs, including noise ordinances, licenses and leash laws. There are laws that are aimed to protect animals. Some of these laws prevent animal mistreatment such as the hoarding of animals or the improper chaining of a dog.

Some specific laws that gather quite a bit of attention in the news are laws dealing with ‘dangerous dogs.’ You don’t need to know the ins and outs of all of these dog laws but it’s a good idea to at least know the general ideas behind the laws. Local and regional authorities generally handle ordinances such as the licensing of pets and the requirements of leashes for certain pets. Many of these

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If your dog doesn’t currently have a vet, you should remedy that immediately. It’s imperative for your dog’s health that you select a great veterinarian.

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regulations are the same no matter where you live but it’s still a good idea to determine what the local regulations are when you move into a new area.

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WHERE TO FIND YOUR LOCAL REGULATIONS You’re probably wondering where to begin your search. It’s best to find out what the local regulations are first. There’s a few different ways to go about this. You can call the local animal department or the health department. You can try to obtain a copy from the city clerk’s office of the laws regarding dogs so that you can read them yourself.

You might also be able to obtain these laws regarding dogs at the local library. You can locate the codes on your city website. Visit the county clerk or check the website to continue research at the county level if necessary. A majority of sites monitor present and pending legislation, depending on state law.

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USEFUL WEBSITES TO CHECK Find additional information regarding traveling issues, tenant rights and dog bite liability at the Dog Law site (www. doglaw.hugpug.com). It is a valuable resource for regular pet owners. The Humane Society of the United States (www.hsus.org/legislation_ laws/state_legislation) is a fantastic resource to find out information about states laws and regulations when it comes to your animal.

The Animal Law Web Center, located at www. animallaw.info is run by the College of Law at Michigan State University and can be used as a resource for legal questions that nonlawyers may find useful. This easy-to-use site has information on animal issues organized into more than 50 topics, covering many laws and specific cases.

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FEDERAL LAWS PERTAINING TO DOGS Federal laws cover animal welfare issues and how persons with guide dogs should be treated, but most laws affecting

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pet owners are more locally based. Still, whatever city, village, or town you live in, most dogs need to be licensed. Dog owners have certain responsibilities to their pet, and to the community. The first of these is to make sure you have your dog vaccinated for rabies at 4 months of age. Secondly, take the proof of vaccination to your city or town clerk and obtain a license for the dog. You will then be supplied with ID tags to help your pet be returned should he become lost. Bring along documentation that proves that your pup has been vaccinated and spayed or neutered, if applicable.

REGARDING SPAYING AND NEUTERING You will have to pay a fee that ranges between $10 and $20, but the fees are usually lower for dogs that have been altered in order to provide pet owners with an incentive to spay or neuter their dogs. Also, the fees may be waived or reduced for dogs belonging to disabled people or senior citizens. The license tag should be affixed to your dog’s collar, and the paperwork should be kept with your legal documents. You’ll need to remember to keep

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your dog’s license up to date. Most places will send you a reminder. The only way that a dog license is useful is if you keep it up to date and you have tags on your dog.

DOG TAGS ARE ESSENTIAL If your pet is caught without tags on, he’ll be taken to the pound with no way to identify him. Though the basic ‘hows and whys’ may differ when it comes to vaccinations and their schedules, most veterinarians have concluded they are necessary. Get your veterinarians recommended schedule for vaccinations.

Parvovirus, distemper, rabies and adenovirus are just a few of the most well known vaccines.

Though the disease itself is rare, in order for your dog to be licensed, they will need that particular vaccination. Find out what your city requires as far as pet vaccinations, and see if there are any inexpensive clinics, or even free clinics available.

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As you can see, there are many legal considerations to take into account as a dog owner. While your dog doesn’t care about them, you need to. By learning the local regulations and following them you can ensure that you are as happy a dog owner as you can possibly be. Best of luck!

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8 GOLDEN RULES

FOR DECIDING ON A DOG BREED by Kelly Livingston

There are so many types of dogs, there are probably multiple that would fit your preferences or ideals. This is an introduction to the process of choosing the right dog for you.

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ou’ll find the ideal dog for you if you do your homework, persevere, and have patience.

Long-distance buying should be an option because a bit of inconvenience is worth getting the right addition to your family. She’ll be with you for years into the future, after all.

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RESEARCH YOUR POTENTIAL DOG You can find out more about the

pure breed you’re interested in by visiting a dog show or watching one on TV. The Westminster Kennel Club is shown yearly and you will see a good variety of AKC breeds out of which you will surely find one you like and they have classes on a variety of breeds. To find an upcoming show check your local newspapers and magazines. When choosing a new pet or show animal, it is always a good idea to check out several breeds. Watching their behavior and performance both in and

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Your reasons for deciding to breed your dog could be any of many. But first, there are specific steps to be taken to do it the right way.

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out of the show ring will give some indication of their personality, as will discussing the breed with the owners.

VISIT DOG SHOWS At a show, you’ll find that handlers are approachable when it comes to chatting about their dogs. Just remember not to bother them right before they go on stage with their dog because they are probably busy, and nervous. Keep in mind when you chat with the exhibitors that they are largely going to be breeders who love their breeds and will give you only the best descriptions of their dogs. However, you can glean a lot of information from them so ask your questions about things like shedding and exercise requirements.

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TALK TO BREEDERS One or two breeds are usually all that show breeders specialize. You won’t have to guess at answers, they will have experience and detailed knowledge. Save time finding a breeder by visiting The AKC online at www.akc.org. Show breeders love to show their dogs, but a majority of their puppies are sold to those who want companions. There is a higher demand for pets, after all. And there are always several in a litter who make better pets than show dogs anyway. And of course it’s the loving home that counts, whether the dog will show or stay a pet.

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CHECK OUT DOG CLUBS A dog club is frequently composed of people who work as breeders. These clubs have a series of branches spanning from local to national. They are a good place to start on your quest for the right dog. A specialty club is one that deals with only one type of breed. Other clubs have all types included. Then there are group clubs that are centered around one category of animals such as Terriers. Even though all-breed clubs put on shows that judge every breed, they rarely themselves have all different types in their club.

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PICK SPECIFIC SHOWS Go to a specialty show when you want to view many dogs in one breed or to an all-breed show if you’re looking at a few different breeds. You can get referred to breeders by anyone who belongs to a dog club, which is the beauty of networking! Also look into other dog related organizations like obedience clubs and performance events. These people who love dogs tend to know each other. It’s not unusual to find out that a club doesn’t even have a phone number to call. You’ll need to inquire with sources such as the BBB, veterinarian clinics or owners who have taken training lessons to find contact information.

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LOOK THROUGH THE NEWSPAPER The most common way to begin looking is to open up a newspaper. A list of breeds

will be right there in the for sale section. You never know what kind of breeder is running an ad in the paper. Another place to look is in a magazine for dog owners. There’s a long list of publications that specialize in this area. You can look up their name on the web. You’ll have to do your homework to make sure that you’re dealing with a reputable breeder.

SELECT YOUR PREFERRED BREED Read up on the couple of breeds you’ve decided on to find out more about them.

Get books on the separate breeds and focus on the chapters that talk about a particular breed’s personality so you can decide if a dog is for you.

Then look for live examples so you can interact with the dog you’re thinking about and see how it feels.

Should you know anything at all about computers you can find lots of information online, and if you don’t, you can go to the library or ask a friend for help doing a search. Information on all breeds is available on the internet, with a lot of breeds and breeders having their own sites. You can also find national and local clubs and you can use www. craigslist.org to expand your search.

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JUDGE A BREEDER’S CHARACTER It’s hard to tell by looking at a website whether someone is a good breeder or not. You need to do some investigating for that.

Regardless of where you come across a breeder, you want a good breeder to find the right pet for your home. But, of course, this is easier said than done. You’ll need to go to their place and take a look around. There should be clues as to what type of breeder they are. Is there a horrible odor at their place? You have to follow your instincts. Can you imagine buying an old Chevy from the breeder and being satisfied with your purchase? If not, it’s best not to purchase an animal from them.

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Buying a dog can be an exciting thing, but you have to put in the proper research first. It’s important to find a dog breed with a personality that will fit in with your lifestyle. It’s good to talk to breeders at dog shows and clubs before deciding which kind of dog will be for you. When you do finally find a breeder to buy from, make sure they’re someone you can trust.

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9 COMMON DOG OWNER MISTAKES DURING ADOPTION by Kelly Livingston

Are you looking for the perfect dog to add to your family? If so, you should take care to select a dog with a personality that meshes well with your lifestyle and family.

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ne of the most important aspects of choosing a dog is picking a pup that has a personality that meshes with yours and with your family. For example, if you have small children, you do not want to select a dog that startles easily or that might end up biting them. Here are 9 mistakes dog owners commonly make during the dog adoption process: the following advice will help you to select a dog whose behavior fits your lifestyle and your family.

NOT GAUGING A DOG’S TRUE NATURE Gauging the true nature of a dog is not a simple task. Adding to the confusion are age old characteristics of a dog’s breed that are no longer suitable in your new pet. For example, sled dogs, hounds, guardian dogs and herding dogs were selected and bred for high energy and stamina to run long distances as well as powerful territorial instincts and trained to nip at heels while herding cattle. A dog owner with these breeds should know

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the original breed traits well. A dog’s breed or mix will really affect his or her personality as well as physical features.

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MISUNDERSTANDING DOG TRAITS Dogs with some sporting dog genes, like Labs and Goldens, for instance, are big with a lot of energy. They have nice personalities but often wind up in shelters because people don’t realize how much activity they need, especially when younger. When you know what a dog’s natural inclinations are, you can find the right match for you and your household. Breeds can’t go against their nature, so a Border Collie will be active and a Jack Russell Terrier will bark. Don’t set yourself and your dog up for a fall by expecting what can’t be provided.

Inquire of the shelter or rescue service what the breed or mix of the dog you want to adopt might be so that you can have a pretty good idea of what to expect from your new friend.

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Trimming your dog’s nails can be tricky, but the tips in this article will make sure you are doing a good job.

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NOT RESEARCHING A DOG BREED It’s vital to know all of the characteristics of a dog breed when making a decision to bring one home. Keep in mind that dogs may have a behavior change a few months after you’ve brought it home. Sporting dogs have energy galore and are very smart and trainable. Some of the bigger breeds can get aggressive as they get more protective of their family and property. With these kind of breeds, it’s a good idea to take advantage of any socializing experience you can get them into.

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UNDERESTIMATING A DOG’S INDEPENDENCE Jack Russell Terriers, Fox Terriers, Westies and Schnauzers are dogs that have tremendous vitality and they enjoy barking. These dog breeds have fun digging and jumping and it is difficult to stop them from going after small furry mammals. Hounds include Beagles, Dachshunds and Greyhounds and these dog breeds excel in following odors, or targets

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that move without thinking in the least bit about you, approaching vehicles or any other thoughts.

Hounds have their own independence, which causes difficulties when attempting to offer them training.

HAVING INACCURATE EXPECTATIONS FOR TRAINING DIFFICULTY Northern dog breeds include Siberian Huskies and Malamutes that have very high levels of energy combined with independence and these dogs are infamous for posing difficulties in training attempts. Without enough mental and physical challenge, some fun sports such as sled pulling can become destructive to dogs. Herding breeds such as Collies, Aussie Shepherds and Shelties are very smart and quite trainable for such tasks. In contrast, however, toy breeds such as a Shih Tzu, the Chihuahua and Maltese are actually more likely to be shy from their diminutive size and would not be recommended for this type of activity.

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NOT KNOWING WHAT A DOG IS BRED FOR Herding dogs, for example, are very active and are always looking for a job to do. This is why they can become a little calamitous when they’re not occupied. They are bred specifically for herding, so if they don’t have a flock to tend over they will probably find the next best thing, children.

This could lead to a few small bites at the feet, as that is how they herd livestock.

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FAILING TO OBSERVE A DOG’S TEMPERAMENT Keep an eye on the dog’s temperament before bringing it home. Is the dog cool, calm and collective? Is the dog a lone ranger or does it need to be close to a human? How does the dog interact with you on a one on one basis? Does she seem interested in you or indifferent towards you? Is she trying to avoid you or is she engaging you in play and cuddling? Does she like to be petted or shy away from it? Is she jumping all over you or standing by waiting for your cue? It takes patience to observe such behaviors, so take time to decide about adopting a dog. You’ll probably need more than one meeting, particularly if there are any red flags about her temperament.

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NOT GAUGING YOUR COMPATIBILITY Take quite a bit of time to get to know a dog to get a good idea of if you will be compatible for each other. If the breed of the dog is known, educate yourself on the generalities of the breed and compare those with your lifestyle. The reality is that most dogs are good dogs, with not too many bad apples. Just keep alert and attentive to

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anything that my look like poor temperament when choosing a dog. When a dog is skiddish and doesn’t want contact from you, that probably means the dog is very shy. Shy dogs who live a life in a constant nerve wracked state are going to suffer from poor health. These dogs tend not to connect to their owners and also may be tempted to bite in a fearful reaction.

NOT AVOIDING AGGRESSIVE DOGS Aggressiveness is another character flaw you don’t want to see in a dog. If you go to the pound, the odds are that you’re not going to adopt the dog that looks like he is getting ready to attack and eat you. Abuse, fear and an alpha dog attitude can cause a dog to become very aggressive.

For safety’s sake, stray away from dogs that are aggressive and uncomfortable around other pets and kids. If you just can’t help but to bring a dog home that shows aggressive tendencies, you are responsible for getting that dog professional training. A professional will know how to target the aggressive aspects of the dogs behavior. For safety reasons, this isn’t a task you want to do while you have children around.

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Now you know more about how to select a dog with a personality that matches your own. Keep in mind that this is not an exact science. The shy, quiet puppy you adopt could very well turn out to be an exuberant dog filled with energy. So study up on dog breeds, spend time with any dog you are considering bringing into your home and with a little luck you should end up with a dog that fits into your lifestyle quite well. Best of luck!

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9 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT DOG ILLNESSES by Alicia Breckenridge

You love your dog and wish to keep your pet safe, but do you know how to recognize dangerous illnesses? Learn more about Distemper, Lyme Disease and Leptospirosis today.

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our dog is a beloved family member who is a very important part of your life. Dogs, like people, need to visit a doctor regularly to ensure they are in good health. Believe it or not, there are many dangerous illnesses that your dog may contract. The following is vital information that will answer your questions about three common dog illnesses: Distemper, Lyme Disease and Leptospirosis.

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WHAT ARE SIGNS OF DISTEMPER? If your dog has an eye discharge and a fever this could be the first indication your dog has distemper. Other symptoms might be a cough, losing too much weight, having diarrhea, or being uninterested in eating.

There are so many signs of this disease that you should take your puppy in to the vet if he or she is sick at all. Distemper is fatal to about half of grown dogs and 80 percent of pups. Those who get better frequently suffer from problems like seizures or blindness that last their entire lives.

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR DISTEMPER? Limited treatment is available for viral infections and since

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Dogs haven’t always been the playful creatures they are today. Read on to learn about how dogs became domesticated.

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distemper is caused by a virus, supportive care is the treatment of choice to help some dogs survive this disease. However, prevention is key in preventing distemper and it is critical that puppies receive their distemper vaccinations when they are quite young. Viruses are tiny in comparison to bacteria. For example, 25 million viruses can fit on the period at the end of this sentence, while only 25,000 bacteria can occupy the same

space. Unlike viruses, bacteria can survive on their own and do not require a host cell to reproduce. Bacteria live in plants, in soil and in animals -including in people -- although the majority of bacteria are beneficial, or at least they do not cause disease.

HOW DID LYME DISEASE COME ABOUT? Ticks carry the bacteria that

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will ultimately develop into Lyme disease. It was originally recognized in Lyme, CT in the late 1970s and in dogs around 1984.

The bacterium is transmitted to your dog by a deer tick bite or a different species of tick. Whitetailed deer and white-footed mice are known to carry the tick. The tick is incredibly small and hard to see, doubly hard if your dog has a thick coat.

May through September pose the biggest threats for dogs, even though they can get the disease virtually anytime. Near 40 percent of deer ticks located in the northeast, mid-Atlantic, north-central and Pacific US coast carry the bacterium responsible for the disease.

WHAT ARE SIGNS OF LYME DISEASE? There are many cases of dogs that are infected with the Lyme bacterium, but there are only a few that will develop fully into Lyme disease. Typically, small infections will result in swollen joints, lameness and pain in the muscle. The bacterium however is also

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responsible for symptoms like fever, appetite loss and lethargy which could be a bit difficult to diagnose quickly. Should your dog suddenly become lame with no visible sign of trauma, or if you notice hot swollen joints, fever or additional symptoms, especially if there has been a recent tick bite, take him to the veterinarian quickly. A vet will be able to examine the dog thoroughly and do a blood test for Lyme bacterium antibodies.

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR LYME DISEASE? Lyme disease should be treated so it does not cause irreversible harm to joints, which can allow the bacterium to infect the heart and kidneys as well. Dogs who become infected with Lyme disease must be given the correct antibiotics right away.

However, to prevent Lyme disease, there are two steps.

The first step is to give your dog the prescribed vaccine that specifically kills the bacterium while it’s still in the tick so it cannot get into your dog. Since

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all vaccinations have some risks and side effects, it’s best to talk to your veterinarian about the good and bad aspects of the vaccination. Any dogs who are outdoors regularly in regions where Lyme disease is widespread should most likely be vaccinated.

HOW DO I PROTECT MY DOG FROM LYME DISEASE? A good second key in protecting your dog from Lyme disease is to put a product on your dog that serves as a tick repellent when out in nature. Look for veterinarian recommended products.

Some repellents found in pet or grocery stores may not give you the protection you need. Be sure to check your dog every day for ticks during the warmer months and should you find one, gently remove them with tweezers, grabbing the insect as close to the skin as you can and pull straight out.

Try to avoid any squeezing or twisting motions.

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WHAT IS LEPTOSPIROSIS? Along with distemper, leptospirosis (which can come from any of 200 or so types of bacteria) was another big killer of dogs, but it hasn’t been around much in the last thirty years. Thank goodness vaccines that really work were developed for that. However, in the past several years, we have seen some odd strains of it popping up in more and more dogs. Veterinary researchers began searching and are coming up with some new vaccines that will work to prevent the disease.

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HOW DO DOGS GET LEPTOSPIROSIS? Domestic and wild animals can be infected with the bacteria. A large number of the bacteria will be shed from urine. Leptospira bacteria survives in water, so as the urine drains into standing water, the bugs will survive for extended periods, laying in wait for the moment your dog comes by to take a drink. The bacterium will enter the blood stream, move through the body and into tissues and cause damage. Leptospira will flourish in the kidney and can potentially cause renal failure in a dog. By replicating the kidney the bacteria can easily get into the urine and sent back out into the wild to infect another animal.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS? The disease will show itself in the form of fever, trembling, lethargy, nausea, yellowing in color, vomit and diarrhea. Should your dog not be treated quickly with the proper antibiotics, they may stop urinating and hemorrhage in their lung and intestine. Thankfully with antibiotic care and a watchful owner, most dogs will get better, but only after a lengthy recovery period.

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As you can see, Distemper, Lyme Disease and Leptospirosis are very serious conditions that require the help of a medical professional if you wish your dog to survive them. If you fear your dog may be suffering from any of these illnesses, bring your dog to see a vet immediately. Your dog’s health is important! If you take the right steps to prevent and treat serious dog illnesses, you can be sure your doggie will have a happier, healthier life.

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9 THINGS I’VE LEARNED ABOUT MIXED BREED DOGS by Kelly Livingston

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If you’re looking to add a new dog to your family, why not make it a mixed breed? Mixed breed dogs are widely beloved these days and have even been embraced by the AKC.

f you are looking for a new dog, you do not have to purchase a purebred pup. In fact, the option of selecting a mixed breed dog is intelligent for many reasons. Mixed breeds are thought to be quite intelligent and many are bred to satisfy certain requirements like size or strength. You may not realize this, but some designer mixed breed dogs are just as expensive as a purebred! Check out what I learned below.

THE CONCEPT OF MIXED BREEDS A mixed breed is everything a dog owner could ask for. They are a mutt, a companion and a strange mix with a funny name like a Chiweenie. Mixed breeds often time get a bad rap from breeding purists, but these dogs have devoted fans and are increasing in popularity thanks to the recent trend of ‘designer dogs,’ like Goldendoodles or a Puggle. Mixed breeds are not a new phenomenon. Throughout their history,

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dogs have randomly coupled. The results of these activities are extremely varied: multiple colors, varied coat composition, size, etc. What every dog has in common though is its uniqueness.

MIXED BREEDS AS DESIGNER DOGS Mixed breeds, when taken to the next level, are known as designer dogs. The two types of dogs are intentionally crossed to create a unique appearance and temperament.

Designer mixes really exploded in the 90s after the introduction of the Labradoodle, a cross between a Poodle and Labrador Retriever. Crossbreeds were in days past an accessory of the stars, but now anyone with the money can have one of these small, sweet, low-allergy types of pure breeds.

There are some advantages and disadvantages, though, so each needs to be taken into account if you’re considering such a pet. Whether intended or not, any mix blends the traits of both parent

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breeds. The following will shed light on some of the various dog categories as well as profile mixed breeds and designer dogs.

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DEFINING A MIXED BREED Mixed breeds are nothing short of diverse. Mutts, designers, companions and competitors. A mixed breed dog is defined as one that is conceived by two different purebreds or mixed breeds. Since terminology is so important and often times confusing, there may be a need to additionally define these pets. A purebred is a dog that comes from a bloodline of a recognized breed. Their ancestry is consistent for a period of many generations. A dog that is the pup from two different purebreds creates a different breed. An

comes from is hard to determine, and are defined by the more obvious breed in the mix. Examples being “Shepherd mix” or “Beagle mix”.

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THE BENEFIT OF CROSSBREEDING If you look at the history of any breed of dog, you’ll see where they introduced other breeds in to improve features like weight, strength, coat, and temperament. Of course, some unintended couplings occurred as well.

Since mixed breeds have been around for such a long time, why are people so concerned about crossbreeds and designer dogs?

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example of this would be a Cockapoo, which is a cross between a Cocker Spaniel and a Poodle. This particular crossbreed is incredibly well known, and very popular.

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HYBRIDIZING AND CROSSBREEDING Hybrid is a word that refers to the result of crossing two animal species. It can also be used interchangeably with crossbred. Over the last few decades, designer dogs have been associated with crossbreeds, as they have been developed on purpose. There are mixed breeds that may in fact be more “mixed” than many others. Mixes may have purebred ancestors in their bloodline, but there are some that come from a longer line of mixed breeds. Often times, what bloodline a mix

When introducing a puppy to a new environment, it’s important to reinforce house training in positive ways. Here’s how to get started.

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THE SILKY TERRIER’S HISTORY The Silky Terrier came to be in Australia during the late 1800s. It was a cross between the Australian Terrier, native to the area and a Yorkshire Terrier from England. The breeder successfully improved the Australian’s coat coloring, and from there a standard was accepted in the late 1920s. Though the breed does

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not overtake the Yorkshire popularity wise, the Silky has found a home within the AKC, with many devoted followers.

THE BUSINESS OF BREEDING The business of mating dogs from different breeds is as big today as it ever was. In the past, you had the Cockapoo and Pekapoo bred in the 1950s and the Labradoodle bred in the 1980s. Some of theses crossbreeds end up with desirable traits such as being less allergic to those afflicted with allergies. They tend not to have as many health problems as purebreds.

They’re also known for being more calm and easier to train. Some breeders refer to this process as the concept of hybrid vigor. These dogs will inherit both positive and negative genes from their parents.

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MIXED BREED ORGANIZATIONS Organizations have started to form as a result of the popularity of mixed breeds.

One organization, the Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America (MBDCA), is a non-profit which was created in the late 70’s. This organization differs from a registry like the American Hybrid Club of America because it actually has members. In

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addition, the MBDCA has a code of ethics which stipulates the spaying and neutering of dogs. The club, which is scattered throughout America, has competitions in which mixed breeds can compete.

THE AKC’S MIXED BREED CLUB In 2009, the AKC announced that a program would be created for mixed breeds. The owners of mixes could enroll their pets and get an AKC competition card. Since spring of 2009, enrolled dogs have been allowed to compete in mixed breed classes in the agility and obedience events, rally events and the new performance competition. A mixed breed will not be registered as breeds with the AKC, so this shift signals a huge move for mixes.

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Now that the AKC has a mixed breed program, it is clear that the mixed breed craze is not going anywhere. So if you are looking to bring a new canine member into your family, consider a mixed breed dog. If you have a specific mix in mind, you can also contract a breeder to create it for you.

Here’s hoping you find your perfect pooch!

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SHOPPING FOR THE

PERFECT DOG BED? TIPS FOR DOGS OF ALL SIZES

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A 6-PART OVERVIEW OF TEACHING YOUR by Alicia Breckenridge

The most simple of tricks can be more impressive than a more sophisticated one if the dog was taught by an adept owner. Here are some easy tricks, and some tips to make the experience that much more fun.

Toy dogs are widely popular for their small size and huge cuteness. Read on to see if a Toy dog is right for you and your family.

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ogs have individual likes and dislikes just like us. They love play time, and have their daily routines they follow. During your training sessions with your dog take these things into

consideration. Interactive skills should be the first thing you focus your dogs attention toward. They are rather simple, and you can help your dog use his barking, nibbling, and jumping impulses in friendly ways.

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KEEP YOUR SESSIONS SHORT

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DON’T TRY TO FORCE IT

Prior to teaching your dog tricks, remember a few things like knowing when it’s time to practice. Some games are energy burners so play them when your dog has lots of energy. Other games are just plain fun and will happen over and over again. Go just five or ten minutes because a few short sessions are more effective than a long one. Your dog will be doing the tricks in no time if you take this kind of approach.

Don’t make your dog do particular tricks, even rolling over and begging if she doesn’t want to. Some dogs have a sense of dignity that makes them uncomfortable doing such things.

You’ll know if the movements come easily to your dog. But if they don’t or if she can’t do them, then it’s time to let go.

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THE TAIL WAG

A good way to really get into trick training is teaching your pet some quick moves that bond the two of you. An easy trick is teaching your dog to wag his tail. Start with a tennis ball, hold it up in the air and see if the dog wags his tail, say a command word like “wag”. If you see your dog wagging his tail then praise him for it and say the command word. When using the command word make your voice in positive and welcoming tones and watch your dog get excited. Next add a hand signal such as waving your right hand back and forth, first a sweep and then smaller motions with your index finger.

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HUG ME!

Teach your dog to wrap her paws and give you a hug by rewarding that behavior

when she does it. A calm dog who doesn’t jump too much is the best dog to teach this trick. This type of trick is not for all dog breeds. It’s also not for dogs that are hurt, have dysplasia, or have a certain skeletal makeup like a Basset, Bulldog or large breed dog. Always remember, if your dog will simply not do a trick it’s best to just move on.

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GIVING KISSES

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GIVING KISSES TO FRIENDS

Teach your dog to give you kisses when you come in the door instead of jumping on you.

Teach the trick by uttering “kisses” when you are getting licked by the dog. If the dog is out of line, use this two-step trick. Tell the dog “enough” so that it can interpret the order to stop licking. Put the leash on a dog and utter ‘Enough’ in a calm but firm tone. Pull the leash away if the dog doesn’t follow the order. If you want your pet to stop licking, don’t look at your dog. Lack of eye contact lets your dog know to stop. When you want them to start again licking make eye contact. This is a great way to switch your dog’s behavior when you first come in the door, but still allows your dog to show their enthusiasm.

Your dog will lick you if you rub a frozen butter stick on your hand’s back. Go to your dog in a calm period of time, hold out the hand, and say “kisses”. Just say “enough” when you’re finished. Ask others like your neighbor to go through this process when you are teaching your dog to kiss them, too. Rub the backs of a few friends’ hand with butter if they agree and then ask your dog to kiss their extended hands saying “kisses”.

The dog will be seeking out a hand to kiss even when they’re not coated.

When you do this, kids won’t be afraid because the dog will more likely kiss than jump. You can add a hand signal once you have this down, rubbing the right index finger against your left hand’s back as a signal for the dog’s tongue.

Teaching your dog tricks not only furthers their obedience, but it can be a great way to keep a handle on them when they get rather energetic. A thing to keep in mind, however, is that you should never force a dog to learn a trick they don’t like, or can’t physically do. With a little understanding and patience your pet will learn new tricks rather quickly and eagerly.

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“BAD DOG”? MORE LIKE “BAD OWNER”

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A 7-PART GENERAL OVERVIEW OF TERRIERS

If you are looking for a new dog, you should consider a Terrier.

Learn more about a few different breeds of Terriers that may be the best choice for you and your family.

by Kelly Livingston

Sometimes, dogs like to just stretch out on the carpet or on the cool tile. But mostly, they want a comfortable bed the same way that their owners do.

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he Terrier dog breed has been popular for well over a century and will likely remain so for quite some time. Certain breeds of Terriers such as the Jack Russel are well known from television shows. Just think of ‘Eddie’ from Frasier! The following is an introduction to many breeds of Terriers including the Kerry Blue, the Jack Russel, the Lakeland, the Manchester and more.

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THE CAIRN TERRIER AND THE DANDIE DINMONT

The Cairn Terrier used to be categorized

with varieties of White Terriers such as Scottish and West Highland. This is because the Terrier goes back to the Scottish Highlands and the Isle of Skye.

However, in the early 1900s, these breeds started to separate. The Cairn Terrier is a hunting dog that is great at hunting fox living in the cairns, or rock piles, that are found across the Scottish farming countryside. The Cairn is a working dog that loves to keep busy. The Cairn Terrier is very agile and great at tracking trials. The Dandie Dinmont Terrier is “personified” by Toto in the Wizard of Oz movie. Its namesake is Dandie Dinmont, a character in one of Sir Walter Scott’s books written in 1814. This breed is a great hunter but looks unusually elegant, too.

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It is a little dog with big confidence and goes after otters, badgers, and foxes with courage. It can still be a hunter when called upon but is more often these days a good family pet and companion dog.

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THE GLEN OF IMAAL TERRIER

The Glen of Imaal Terrier is one of four Terriers that got its start in Ireland. This dog had to be able to survive in harsh weather conditions and work hunting as well as turning a rotisserie on the hearth. At night it often fought in the pits. There weren’t a lot of them for a while, but it has survived to this day because of its great spirit. No one is quite certain of its start, but with its long legs it may have begun as a blend of the Irish Wolfhound and the Black and Tan. A solid red color came to be expected in the late 19th century but till then shades of brindle, black and tan, and gray were commonplace. The Irish Terrier is brave and smart and worked as a guard and messenger in World War I. Today it’s hard to find.

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THE KERRY BLUE TERRIER AND THE LAKELAND

The Kerry Blue Terrier was first found

in Ireland as a working farm dog who herded livestock, hunted pests, and retrieved on land and in water. It became popular in other countries in the 1920’s. Kerry Blues gain their striking coat as they age because they are born a black color. This breed hasn’t always been accepted as a pet, but it’s been a great police dog, herding dog, and trailing dog. The Lakeland Terrier is one of the oldest working breeds of Terrier. It was bred to kill pests like rodents in England’s lake districts because it could slip into small rocky places to chase prey. It became part of the fox hunting party when that sport developed later. Lakelands are now known as show or companion dogs, but it was a working breed.

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THE MANCHESTER TERRIER AND THE MINIATURE BULL TERRIER

A Manchester Terrier comes from the Black and Tan, the oldest type of Terrier. In 1860 it got its name, and in 1959 it was deemed that the toy and standard would be two varieties of the same breed. Manchesters do well with families, although if there’s a pest in the home you will see its hunting instincts emerge. The Miniature Bull Terrier is just

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a tiny version of the same breed and so shares the same history. In the 19th century when the Bull Terrier first came to light many were little like the Miniatures, but gradually they were very distinct and are now in two different categories.

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THE MINIATURE SCHNAUZER

The Miniature was acknowledged by the AKC in 1991. In the 19th century the Miniature Schnauzer developed in Germany and might be a cross of Affenpinscher and Poodle being bred with smaller Standard Schnauzers. The Miniature Schnauzer has a long history as the tiniest and best known Schnauzer. In Germany, it had its own category as far back as 1899. The AKC did not create its own designation for the Miniature until 1933. It’s a popular variety because of its loyalty, personality and attractiveness. In England, it was originally thought that the Norfolk Terrier and the Norwich Terrier were both the same breed. The only noted difference was the shape of the ears.

Eventually in the 1930’s these two varieties were each given their own category.

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THE NORFOLK TERRIER VERSUS THE NORWICH TERRIER

The Norfolk isn’t the ratter it once was but it will still chase small animals when it’s out for a walk.

The Norfolk and Norwich Terriers were thought at one time to be of the same breed, but today they are each distinct; the Norwich being the dog with the prick ears. It’s small but enthusiastic as a work dog that rats and hunts fox. It isn’t very popular as

a pet but makes a beautiful show dog. Hunting fox was the first job of the Parson Russell Terrier, who was named after a 19th century English huntsman, Reverend John Russell. Later, breeders favored the more easily remembered name of “Jack Russell Terrier”, although the AKC in 2003 reinstated the name as it first stood.

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THE JACK RUSSELL TERRIER AND THE SCOTTISH TERRIER

This breed has a wire-haired or smooth coat that easily withstands the weather. Because “Eddie” on the television show Frazier was one of these, it has gotten more popular, but it’s not for everybody. Known to be one of the most spirited and feisty Terriers, the Scottish Terrier is a rough and tumble dog first found in the Scottish Highlands.

Much like other Terriers, the Scottish Terrier, known as the ‘Scottie’ is both strong and fast, bred to be quick and effective in catching their prey. The Scottie’s popularity has increased with time and collected a long list of admirers from King James VI to President George W. Bush.

Whether you have children that have been bugging you for a dog or are looking for a companion for yourself, a Terrier may be the very best choice you can make. They are smaller-sized, fun to play with and loveable. Now that you know more about many Terrier breeds, you owe it to yourself to visit a breeder to learn more about Terriers that are available for purchase.

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THE 10 GOLDEN RULES

OF HOUSETRAINING

YOUR DOG by Kelly Livingston

Housetraining is an important skill that many dogs require a great deal of training to achieve. Learn more about housetraining and to teach your dog to follow the rules.

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s your dog housetrained?

Unless you answered a resounding yes, you probably wish that your dog were housetrained a little better. Dogs that are housetrained do not use the bathroom in areas where they are not supposed to, which saves a dog owner considerable stress and annoyance. Learn more about housetraining and why it is so vital to instill it in your dog.

ACCIDENTS HAPPEN Imagine a Beagle named Max who is adored by his new owners. However, this new owner isn’t happy that he’s been urinating all over the rugs she’s just had put down. Even if he’s just gone outside, he saves a little something for the indoors and seems to like the carpeting!

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ESTABLISH A ROUTINE To urinate on someone’s carpet is something no one would expect from Allie, a 6-year-old Golden Retriever. Her owners know her routine well, and it includes three or four trips outside per day: once early in the morning, once during early afternoon (and, occasionally, once in the late afternoon), and once more at night before bedtime. If necessary, Allie will ask for an extra bathroom break by scratching the back door. At night, Allie will even wake up her owners to let her out if her stomach is upset.

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THERE MAY BE HOUSETRAINING ISSUES For the most part, Cody, a 3-year old Chihuahua, is able to control his bladder. However, he often forgets his manners and will decide to urinate in an improper place. How can you know if your dog is truly housetrained?

For one thing, you need a clear

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understanding of what is meant by housetraining.

Essentially, housetraining is an exercise in which dogs are taught to control their evacuations. Dogs that are housetrained only go to the bathroom when and where they are supposed to and not under any other circumstances.

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A DOG EITHER IS OR ISN’T The definition of housetraining does not allow a lot of wiggle room for errors or lapses with your pet. A dog would have to only relieve himself in the proper area to be considered housetrained. So a dog that sometimes relieves himself in the proper area but sometimes does not would not fit the definition of being housetrained.

When you’re talking about housetraining a dog, it’s a situation where a dog either is or he’s not.

So according to those strict criteria, a dog like Allie would be considered housetrained but none of the others.

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BE THOROUGH How come it’s so important to be precise?

Easy. A lovely and obedient dog who DOG ownership 101 | MARCH / APRIL

doesn’t know where and how to potty is more likely than another dog to find himself homeless. There aren’t many people who will allow their home to become a doggie toilet, so the canine needs to be teachable in this area. A housetrained pet is a yes or no question. There is no halfway when it comes to housetraining. If you think your dog is ‘sort of’ housetrained, you’re kidding yourself. What you actually mean is that the dog is not completely trained yet and can not be counted on to not have accidents.

THERE MAY BE CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR There’s always the possibility that your doggie will decide to go poo on your brand new area rug or some treasured family heirloom seating until he or she is thoroughly housetrained.

Max has been doing that lately, although even older dogs like Cody, a Chihuahua who from time to time will pee inside the house, can be unreliable. Some forget what they’ve been taught as puppies or never really learned well in the beginning. And of course any pet can get sick, and sometimes these behavior changes can mean your dog is ill.

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THERE ARE MULTIPLE WAYS TO TRAIN Even though housetraining is a zero sum proposition, dog owners can train their canine friends the proper behavior in a variety of ways. The majority of people with dogs desire to be able to regulate their bathroom habits to conform to preferred schedules. The bottom-line is that they want their dogs to go to the bathroom in a specific spot and a specific time. Thankfully, there are two choices to choose from to get this desired result.

Many factors will influence your path, including the owners living arrangements. Location is pivotal to the two housetraining methods, that is, where you want your dog to go to the bathroom: inside or outside.

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TRY SENDING YOUR DOG OUTSIDE If you’re not excited about having a whole section of your house becoming a restroom for a dog, you’re not alone. This is most likely the reason so many dog owners train their dogs to go outside to use the restroom. Training a dog to go outside will teach your dog to eliminate in an area that is not inside your home, but one that is designated by you such as a tree or fence.

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EXERCISE IS BENEFICIAL Taking the family pet outside for a brisk

walk benefits not only the animal but the owner.

Both need this opportunity for some exercise and for forming a closer bond. Dogs especially need this time as part of their training since it is vital that they realize when and where they can take care of their business. Once the pet learns the routine, it eliminates a great deal of problems, mess, and smells in the home, and makes life easier for everyone.

THE OUTDOORS HAS A DOWNSIDE But it’s also hard to do outdoor training as no one wants to go outside on a cold, rainy day. Luckily, you can give your dog extra training to take care of this issue. You can let the pet go to potty in your yard as long as you clean up after him or her. Otherwise you’ll have patches of yellow in your green grass or step into what your dog has left behind. It won’t degrade in sufficient time for this not to happen so make sure you go out there later and clean up.

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Now that you know more about what it means when a dog is fully housetrained, you can determine whether or not your pup fits the bill. If not, you owe it to yourself to start taking care of the problem now so that it does not become a bad habit that you cannot stop. Best of luck!

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TREAT YOUR DOG’S BAD BREATH

DOG BREATH REMEDIES

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YOUR 6-PART CHECKLIST

FOR MAKING DOG A EXERCISE MORE FUN by Kelly Livingston

Dogs require a decent amount of exercise and as a dog owner you need to ensure your dog exercises enough. There are many ways to have fun and get your dog some exercise.

s a dog owner, you must recognize the importance of getting your dog the proper amount of exercise. Dogs that exercise are happier, healthier and more fun to live with. Exercising your dog can also be fun for you too! You can either go to the park and play with your dog or you can take your dog on a run. Here’s a checklist to make doggy exercise time more enjoyable for both of you.

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RUNNING OR JOGGING WITH YOUR DOG

The optimum way for giving you and your doggy sufficient exercise is to run or jog together. Most people who run do so no matter what else is going on. Your dog will like that consistency. Running on a hard surface also means you won’t have to trim your dog’s nails a lot either because it will act as a natural file. You might like running at least three miles at a time, but start your dog off more slowly than this. She will have to slowly increase her stamina to run this distance. Begin running one mile with her, then slowly increase her distance until it’s the same as yours. This should take about two weeks. Since dogs often experience bloating, don’t feed them for an hour before or after a hard workout. When playing in the snow, certain dogs can get snowballs in the areas between the pads on their paws.

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PREPARE YOUR DOG BEFORE YOU GO JOGGING

This issue can be alleviated by trimming any extra fur on the bottom of their paws. Another option is to apply Vaseline or DOG ownership 101 | MARCH / APRIL

2016

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Hybrid dog breeds are extremely interesting and there are many of them! Learn about hybrid breeds like the Labradoodle, the Puggle, the Maltepoo, the Schnoodle and more.

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cooking spray to the skin between your dog’s toes before letting him go outside. Another remedy is to put dog booties on him which you can find at most pet supply stores or from companies that sell pet products. If the snow your dog runs on is usually packed snow, you will want booties made with polar fleece. On the other hand, if he is running on snow and pavement, the booties will need to be of a more durable fabric like canvas or nylon. For a dog whose feet become irritated by the salt that is applied to the city streets and sidewalks during the winter, booties are a great solution.

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PLAYING FETCH WITH YOUR DOG

Many dogs love to play fetch. Most people like this game as well, since they can do it without having to move around very much. A variety of objects can be used as the fetch object, such as a ball, stick or Frisbee. You can even get in a quick game of fetch when you come home after dark, if you use a ball that glows in the dark or that is equipped with an internal flashing light. There are plastic floating tubes attached to a rope called bumpers that lots of Retrievers love to fetch, and

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the rope makes them easier for you to toss, also.

Flying discs are popular, too. The dog likes watching how it changes direction mid air. But don’t throw it up so high that the dog has to jump up to get hold of it. If your dog lands on their back legs or twist their back when trying to catch an object, they can potentially injure themselves. To decrease the risk of injury to your dog’s teeth, try to choose a disc or ball that is floppy and made of rubber.

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DOGGIE SOCCER AND WATER FETCHING

If your dog is not terribly interested in retrieving objects, it may prefer to play soccer.

Using a ball that is too large for the dog to grasp with its teeth, kick the ball around and encourage the dog to chase it. It won’t take long for the dog to catch on and figure out how to push the ball around by itself. Playing with a big ball in the water can be extremely enjoyable for dogs as well. Dogs use their nose to move the ball back and forth to try to catch it. If you don’t have a great throwing arm, try using something to hit the ball with. A tennis racket or a baseball bat would both work well.

2016

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HOW TO THROW FARTHER

The longer your pup has to run to get the ball, the happier she’ll be. There is also a nifty product called The Chuckit: it’s a plastic rod that holds a ball on one end, you use the other end to fling the ball as far as possible. An added bonus to The Chuckit is you don’t have to touch the slimy, drool covered ball. When released, the ball can travel as far as 250 feet, which is farther than if you threw it with your hand. The Foxtail is also a good choice for tossing a ball further. It has a bright nylon tail that blows in the wind as it follows the ball. If you grab the tail to swing the ball before releasing it, it’ll go much further than if you just threw the ball. If your dog loves to bring the ball back over and over, it’ll be lots of fun for you both to add some new routines and toys to the game. Try throwing short and ground balls, then work your way into throwing the ball as high as you can for your dog to catch.

Give them praise for even attempting, and should they make quick catches or good retrieves, give them a treat. If you want to make the game a bit harder, try having your dog run uphill in order to catch the ball. This will work the hind legs harder.

That makes the back leg muscles stronger, which is necessary as your dog ages.

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just helps the heart and muscles stay strong. Dogs who have arthritis really do well with this activity, and most enjoy it and can learn to do it if they’re assisted as pups. The first step in giving a pooch swimming lessons is to wear some boots and take your pet for a walk in a creek. Some parts will have more depth, so before long and without thinking about it, your pup will be swimming a little ways at a time. To encourage a grown dog who’s hesitating, tempt him to join you at play by frolicking in the water yourself. If he doesn’t like being in water that covers his head, try the trail-of-breadcrumbs trick. That is, dribble some dog snacks behind you (Cheerios are very buoyant) as you slowly wade to greater depths yourself, coaxing him verbally. Many times, you’ll find that your pet’s appetite will overrule his hesitations.

If you’ve been needing to get more exercise yourself, this is a great time to begin a new exercise regimen with your pooch by your side. You can start out with short runs or jogs and then rest up in the park while your dog plays a bit of fetch or doggie soccer. If you have not been giving your dog proper exercise up until now, don’t despair. There is no time like the present and you can change that starting today!

SWIMMING IS GREAT EXERCISE FOR DOGS

All dogs benefit from swimming because it doesn’t put stress on bones or joints but DOG ownership 101 | MARCH / APRIL

2016

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HOW TO PROPERLY CARE FOR A PUPPY Don’t Miss These Dog Owner Essentials!

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YOUR 9-PART BEGINNER’S

GUIDE TO CARING FOR

AN ADULT DOG by Alicia Breckenridge

Caring for a senior dog is easy if you know a few basic things.

Regular visits to the vet, a proper diet and regular exercise help your dog stay happy and healthy longer.

W

hether you get a dog when it is a puppy or adopt it later in its life, your dog is by your side and as you are aging your dog is aging too. Just as you have different issues to deal with later in life, so does a dog. You can help your dog to have a wonderful time even in the later years of its life if you know how to care for a senior dog.

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AS YOUR DOG GROWS...

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NOTICING YOUR DOG’S AGE

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KEEPING A POSITIVE ATTITUDE

People adore puppies. They’re adorable little things, aren’t they? However, they come with a ton of responsibility. Depending on your situation, an older dog may actually be what’s best for your household. Adult dogs are often better behaved, and more trusting than puppies. And what’s more, they are often already potty trained, cutting out a great deal of work and frustration for you.

You may not have much control of your dog’s health as they get older, but you are completely in charge of your own attitude about the passage of time. It’s natural to be sad about realizing your dog is aging. Their lifespan is much shorter than ours and the first sight of gray hairs in your dog, or the realization that they’ve developed a heavier and slower gait can finally drive home the fact that your dog will pass away some day. For this reason, you should cherish the years you have with your pet.

According to reports, dogs aren’t aware DOG ownership 101 | MARCH / APRIL

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House training with small dogs is the same as with large dogs. Don’t shirk the responsibility of house training just because the dog is small.

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of getting older. Your dogs gray hairs don’t make them sad, they don’t mind getting fat, or having less endurance. They aren’t aware of getting older, or that death is an inevitability. If you’re upset by this, it’s something that you don’t want to show.

Your dog gets their behavioral cues from you: in other words, they act how you act. If you’re cheerful, happy and excited your dog will be at his peak regardless of their age. Don’t exclude your older dog from activities, activities help to keep him healthy. These activities can be a bonding time that is special to both your dog and yourself.

4

RELYING ON YOUR VET

As your dog grows in age, your local veterinarian can become their next best friend, right after you. Regular visits to the vet can catch problems before they have the chance to cause serious damage, and the benefit of preventive care, is that it’s cheaper than emergency

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care. Depending on your dog’s breed, you should bring them in to the vet at a certain age for a senior dog checkup. If you have a large dog, this can be as early as six; for medium-sized dogs, it’s usually around 8, but for tiny dogs, it can be as late as 10. There will be tests your dog will be subject to: blood, urine, etc. Having these test results on hand will help you and the vet take the best care of your pet through their senior years.

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CHANGING YOUR DOG’S DIET

A dog changes as he ages, so his food should be altered to meet his growing needs as well. If your dog likes a certain brand of food, you should be able to choose a formulation suitable for older dogs as he ages. Your vet can also offer you suggestions. Most adult dogs suffer from obesity in food-related health issues, which can cause joint issues and put pressure on his aging organs. To avoid your older dog getting 2016

overweight, have your vet help you keep him slim and healthy as he ages.

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PROVIDING SPECIAL FOODS

Dogs have no control over how much they eat: this is up to the owner. Dogs with health issues may have to have a special diet that we need to provide them for better health.

These diets may be unsavory at first, they lack the salt and fat that make them yummy. A simple mix of chicken broth with a crushed garlic can make diet food much more palpable; check with the vet prior to making any changes.

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MANAGING PLAYTIME FOR TWO

If you have two dogs, the competition between them may be too much for one of them if they greatly differ in age. Sometimes older pets will play like their younger selves, but it isn’t unusual for her to feel it the next day. An aspirin in the amount of 5 mg per lbs of her body weight every 12 hours will help with the discomfort.

Consult your veterinarian if the condition persists for more then a day and check with your vet first if your dog is taking any other medications.

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APPRECIATE EVERY MOMENT

An older dog may be the better option for you and your family, but it can be sad when you start to notice that your dog is getting closer to its final years. It’s important to keep your dog comfortable during these times, and to especially maintain a positive attitude. You’ll have a better time with your companion by cherishing the time you have remaining with them, not dreading the inevitable end.

Just because your dog is not quite as agile as it once was does not mean that your dog cannot play and have fun like it did as a puppy. Just look into your senior dog’s eyes and you will see that spark that has been there since the beginning. Be sure to take your dog to the vet regularly, to feed your dog a proper diet for older dogs and to keep your dog active and you are sure to have many more wonderful years together.

g n i k a e r b e s u Ho Vs. g n i n i a r t e s u Ho ective p s r e p oper r p e h t Learn ining. a r t e s for hou rn More

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e to Lea lick Her

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