Vacuum digging, also known as Hydro Excavation or non-destructive digging, is the process of removing mud, dirt, and slurry from a site without damaging subsurface utilities such as electrical and fibre cables, gas and water pipes, fixtures, and sewer pipelines. A high-pressure water jet is used in vacuum digging to cut and break soil. The slurry is then removed using an air vacuum by a vacuum digging services provider.
A positive displacement blower or a fan system is used to create a vacuum source for vacuum digging. When compared to the positive displacement blower, the fan system is easier to use and less expensive. The fan system allows for faster excavations and is lighter, but it is ineffective at greater depths. To create effective airflow for vacuum digging, vacuum excavators use twin or triple air vehicle fans. Positive displacement blowers are preferred for vacuum digging at greater depths.