Future Climate, Future Home
Evidence-based adaptive urban design strategies for Western Australia
Precinct climate performance in current conditions: Appendicies
©Australian Urban Design Research Centre
Appendix A: Digitisation Details
Data layers created in ArcGIS:
Layer Type Attributes
Height (using the building footprint layer values or check the Google Street View)
Buildings
Vegetation (Simple Plants)
Surfaces
Polygon
Roof type (chosen from Table 1)
Wall type (chosen from Table 2)
Polygon Simple vegetation (chosen from Table 3)
Polygon Surface type (chosen from Table 4)
Vegetation (3D Plants) Points Trees (chosen from Table 5)
Table 1: Building Roof Types
Terracotta
30 cm Roofing: terracotta
Corrugated ironwhite 02WIRO 6
Corrugated irongrey
02GIRO 7
Corrugated iron –light grey
Corrugated ironblack
020LGG 15
8
Corrugated ironblue
9
02BIRO
0BLIRO
Corrugated ironbeige
10
14
0BGIRO
Corrugated ironred
0RDIRO 11
Corrugated irongreen
020GRG
Shade sail
010RSS 12
Solar panels
Solar panels on a terracotta tile roof
0250TT 13
Solar panels in a concrete tile roof
0250CT 133
Solar panels on a corrugated iron roof
0250IT 1333
16
Thatch
THACCH
Green roof
01NADS 17
Concrete tileswhite
02RCWW 18
Concrete with artificial turf on top
02GRCG 17
Concrete Slab Roof 19
Free-standing brick wall
1
To be digitised in 3D detailed design, ENVI-met
2
Masonary
Corrugated iron 0100ST
Other Cladding
Grass 2 cm
WAGRSS 1
Shrub 1 m, Light
0201H1 2
Shrub 1 m, Dense
0200H1 3
1
020ABR 2
0200ZB 3
Asphalt- black 0200AB
Asphalt- red
Concrete- grey
Brick paving- red
0200BR 4
Brick paving- beige
020BRB 5
Rubber Softfall
0200SY 6
Water (pools)
0200WW 7
Mulch
0200WD 8
Concrete - red
0200RD 9
Concrete – dark grey/black
0200DB 10
Wooden Deck
0200DW 11
Red Gravel 0200LO 12
Gray Gravel 0000GS 13
Synthetic Grass
Empty pool
(fibreglass) 15
1. WA
Pepp ermin t
AFWA4M WA
Peppermin t (very young)
AFWA7M WA
Peppermin t (young)
5 m > Trees
8 m > Trees ≥ 5 m
AFWA11 WA
Peppermin t (middle)
AFWA16 WA Peppermin t (old)
15 > Trees ≥ 8 m
25 > Trees ≥ 15 m
Trees ≥ 25
2. Melal euca quinq uener via MQ002M
4 m > Trees
MQ005M Melaleuca quinquene rvia (very young) (Narrower compared to Eucalyptus )
MQ8.5M Melaleuca quinquene rvia (young)
7 m > Trees ≥ 4 m
10m >Trees ≥ 7 m
25 m >Trees ≥ 10 m
2 m ≥ Trees
MQ015M Melaleuca quinquene rvia (middle)
3. Eucal yptus
EUC02M Eucalyptus small
EUC05M Eucalyptus (Very Young)
EUC05A Eucalyptus (Very Young)
Ample Canopy
5 m ≥Trees > 2 m
EUCA5A Eucalyptus (Very Young) Very Ample Canopy
EUC10A Eucalyptus (Young) Ample canopy
10 m >Trees > 5 m
EUC10M Eucalyptus (Young)
EUC10N Eucalyptus (Young) Narrower
EUC15N Eucalyptus
Narrow (Middle)
EUC15M Eucalyptus (Middle)
25 m >Trees ≥ 10 m
EUC15A Eucalyptus
(Middle)
Ample
canopy
EUC20A Eucalyptus (Old)
Ample
canopy
30 m >Trees ≥ 25 m
EUC20M Eucalyptus (Old)
EUC20N Eucalyptus (Old)
Narrower
EUC30A Eucalyptus (Very Old)
Ample
canopy
EUC30M Eucalyptus (Very Old)
Trees ≥ 30 m
4. PYRUS2 Pyrus (very young, 2 m height)
PYRUS5 Pyrus (young 5 m height)
PYRU10 Pyrus (middle 10 m height)
5. JACA04 Small
JACA07 Medium
JACA14 Jacaranda
Large
(Very young)
6. ACAC02 Acacias
ACAC05 Acacias (Young)
7. CORAL5 Coral
8. FIGWID Ficus Rubiginosa (middle)
9. SHEO4M Sheoak (younger)
SHEO8M Sheoak (young) 8 m
SHEOAK Sheoak (middle) 14 m
SHEO30 Sheoak (old) 30 m
old) 37 m
Trees ≥ 20 m
SHEO37 Sheoak (Very
(Very young)
10. PINE05 Pine
Pine (young) 10 m
PINE10
PINE20 Pine (middle) 20 m
PINE30 Pine (old) 30 m
9. Grass Tree GRASTR Grass Tree
2.5 m
10. Plane Tree Decidu ous PLAN04 Plane Tree (small)
PLAN07 Plane Tree (young)
PLAN11 Plane Tree (Middle)
PLANET Plane Tree (Old)
PLDM07 Palm Tree
11. North Americ an Sweet Gum
Decidu ous
ASG10M North American Sweet Gum
Ficus macro phylla (Moret on Bay Fig)
LTHYDE Ficus macrophyll a has a height of around 20 m and a width of about 35 m.
Appendix B: Climate data
Appendix
Appendix D: ENVI-met model inputs and outputs
Broome North
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Humidity Distribution Map
Broome central
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Humidity Distribution Map
Bulgarra, Karratha
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Humidity Distribution Map
Karratha Town Centre
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Humidity Distribution Map
Maitland Park Geraldton
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Humidity Distribution Map
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Humidity Distribution Map
Jindalee
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Humidity Distribution Map
Nollamara
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Humidity Distribution Map
Leederville Town Centre
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Humidity Distribution Map
Perth Central
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Humidity Distribution Map
Karawara
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
(Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Specific Humidity Distribution Map
Cockburn Central
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
Modelling in ENVI-met Software:
Model Surfaces
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
PET (Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Potential Air Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Specific Humidity Distribution Map
Salt Lane Shoreline
Aerial image:
Selected day for simulation:
Modelling in ENVI-met Software:
Model Surfaces
ENVI-met Output Maps:
Surface Temperature Distribution Map
PET (Thermal Comfort Index) Distribution Map
Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution Map
Potential Air Temperature Distribution Map
Wind Speed and Direction Distribution Map
Specific Humidity Distribution Map
Appendix E: Irrigation demand
The irrigation requirements of various vegetation types depend on the location’s evapotranspiration characteristics. Evapotranspiration is the combined process of evaporation from soil and plant surfaces, as well as transpiration through plant surfaces (Burman & Pochop, 1994).
These have been derived from Bureau of Meteorology datasets for daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) based on automatic weather station records and satellite measurements ETo is a theoretical measure based on a standardised vegetated surface A grass crop with a uniform height of 0.12 m, an albedo of 0.23 and a fixed surface resistance of 70 sm-1 applies to a moderately dry soil surface with an approximately weekly irrigation frequency
The irrigation requirements of various plant types have been taken from ‘Water Use Efficiency for Irrigated Turf and Landscape’ (Connellan, 2013).
In future study phases, the irrigation demands of public and private open spaces under changing climate conditions will be utilised in a bespoke irrigation model using the Vensim system dynamics software
Broome irrigation demands
Broome (and Kimberley in general) has the highest irrigation demand in the state despite the wet conditions during the monsoon. The irrigation demand for trees and lawns for both Broome Central and Broome North is calculated in Figure 1
Karratha irrigation demands
The irrigation demand for trees and lawns in Bulgarra and Karratha town centre is shown in Figure 2
Figure 1 Irrigation demands - Broome
Geraldton irrigation demands
The irrigation demand for trees and lawns for Maitland Park is calculated in Figure 3
3
Toodyay irrigation demands
The calculated irrigation demand for trees and lawns at River Hills Estate is presented in Figure 4.
Figure 2 Irrigation demands - Karratha
Figure
Irrigation demands - Geraldton
4
Perth irrigation demands
The calculated irrigation demand for trees and lawns in all the Perth case studies is set out in Figure 5
Figure
Irrigation demands – River Hills Estate
Figure 5 Irrigation demands – Perth metro