: ts cAeronautical Mobile Service shall not handle a radio teletype messages nF u F Phonetic alphabet assumed to be known; F = FoxTROTT
VFR & IFR Communications 1
Glossary •Broadcast = General Call = “All Stations...” = Transmission of information not addressed to specific aircraft => no response required unless individual station is asked to acknowledge •Clearance limit: The point to which the aircraft is granted ATC clearance •Conditional clearance: After the landing Learjet line up... •Long final: 4NM < x < 8NM •NOTAM: Is issued when information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure, or hazard needs to be promulgated •Visual Approach: An approach by an IFR flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain •Waypoint: Is a geographical location used in relation to RNAV systems
#s three thousand five hundred • 3,500 = •13,500 = one three thousand five hundred •QNH1001 = one zero zero one •Headings always with three digits •Frequencies • ALWAYS with “decimal” • Always six digits unless the last two are zero • 120.375 = one two zero decimal three seven five
Time ALWAYS UTC! 09:20 no confusion about hour possible: two zero 09:20 confusion about hour possible: zero nine two zero 04:15pm: one six one five
Position Reports VFR: Callsign; reported position; time of reported position; level or altitude; next position; ETA of next position Callsign, position and time cannot omitted IFR: Callsign, position and time cannot be omitted
Callsign Initial Call
•Use full callsign or Prefix + Flight # (Rushair 1234) •Use suffix “Heavy” when > 136t in initial call to control tower and approach control unit
Abbreviation
•AC may use abbreviated callsign after ground station used abbreviation •XY-ABC = XBC (last 2) / XABC (last 3) •Fastair2345 cannot be abbreviated
Phrases •Acknowledge = Let me know that you have received and understood this message •Affirm ative = Yes ✴Negative = No // That is not correct // Permission not granted // Unable to comply •Approved = Permission for proposed action granted •Break = Separate portions of one message ✴Break Break = Separate between messages to different aircraft •Cancel = Annul the previously transmitted clearance •Check = Examine a system or procedure •Cleared = Authorization to proceed under specified conditions ✴Recleared = A change has been made to your last clearance and this new clearance supersedes your previous clearance or part thereof
•Confirm = Have I correctly received the following •Contact = Establish radio contact with... ✴Contact [callsign/frequency] AT [place or time] - IF NO contact ... = Control transfer •Correct /(Readback Correct) = Message has been repeated correctly. ✴Correction = An error has been made, the correct version is... •Disregard = Consider the last message as not sent •Distress Traffic Ended = Terminate distress communication and silence conditions •Go ahead = Proceed with your message. •Go(ing) around = Perform(ing) missed approach •How do you read = Asking for readability of a transmission •Information Golf = ATIS information Golf received •Monitor = Listen out on frequency •Orbit r/l = 360° turns r/l •Out / Over = NOT USED! •PAN PAN MEDICAL = The following message concerns a protected medical transport (pursuant to 1949 Geneva Convention) operated by aircraft assigned exclusively to medical transportation •Readback ... = Repeat all or the specified par of this message back to me, eactly as received. •Ready (for departure) = Prepared for T/O •Report ... = Pass me the following information. •Request ... = I should like to know // I wish to obtain information or approval for an action (e.g. backtrack) •Roger = I have received all of your last transmission. •Runway vacated = Indication that the aircraft is no longer occupying the active runway ✴Vacate left = Turn left to leave the RW •Say again = Repeat the entire message. ✴I say again = I am repeating a word or a message for clarity / emphasis •Speak slower = Reduce your rate of speech •SQUAWK = Select code on the SSR transponder ✴SQUAWK ident = Operate the “IDENT” button ✴SQUAWK standby = Swith transponder to standby position ✴[callsign] identified = Radar identification has been achieved ✴Negative transponder = Aircraft not equipped with transponder ✴Reset 1234 = Recyle 1234 = Reselect SSR code 1234 •Standby = Wait and I will call you. •Standby [frequency] for Tower = Listen on [frequency] on which tower will initiate further communications •Unable = Received instruction cannot be carried out •Verify = Check and confirm with originator •Wilco = I understood your message and WILL COmply with it. •Words twice = Communication difficult, send every word or group of words twice •Takeoff: • Only used to acknowledge or cancel T/O clearance • Otherwise use “departure” or “airborn” • Readback is mandatory
• “Stopping” = Abandonging the T/O manoeuvre
Air-Ground Communication is a two-way communication between an aircraft and a station on the surface
Abbreviations •AFIS = Aerodrome Flight Information Service •ATIS = Automatic Terminal Information Service = Provides routine information to arriving and departing aircraft by means of continuous and repetitive broadcast •AIS = Aeronautical Information Service •ATC = Air Traffic Control •CTR = Control Zone •EAT = Expected Approach Time = Time at which ATC expects that an arriving aircraft, following a delay will arrive at the holding point to complete its approach •FIR = Flight Information Region = A portion of airspace where flight information and alerting service is provided •FL = Flight Level = Surface of constant atmospheric pressure related to a datum of 1013.2hPa •H24 = Continuous operations •HJ = Daytime (SR-SS) •HX = Opening Hours not specified •IMC = Instrument Meteorological Conditions ➡VMC = Visual ... •INS = Intertial Navigation System •MLS = Microwave Landing System •PAPI = Precision approach Path Indicator ➡VASIS = Glideslope indicator with lights at touchdown end of a RW •RIS = Radar Information Service = Provides bearing, distance and if known the altitude of conflicting traffic •RNAV = ARea NAVigation •RVR = Runway Visual Range = Reported in m at touchdown, midpoint and stop-end of a RW •SAR = Search And Rescue •SELCAL = SELective CALling of individual aircraft over radio channels linkinga ground station with the aircraft •SSR = Secondary Surveillance Radar •STAR = Standard Instrument Arrival •UTC = Universal Time Coordinated
Good microphone technique: • Normal conversation tone • Speak clearly and distinctly More effective communication: • Keep speaking volume at constant level Before transmitting: • Listen out on frequency to avoid interference with another station already transmitting If mic button gets stuck after a transmission: • Frequency cannot be used by others