RehabiMed training course
Rehabilitation of the urban landscape Lefkosia, Cyprus. from 7 to 14 November 2005
RehabiMed follows and enhances a network and 2 projects
• CORPUS, which aimed at understanding if traditional mediterranean architecture was a relevant and homogeneous concept • CORPUS LEVANT, which entered the practice in concrete details
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RehabiMed seeks •
Increasing activity in rehabilitation as a sustainable development factor • Improvement of life conditions of a broad population spectrum • Preservation of the historical and cultural identity of the traditional architecture heritage
• Creation of synergies and transnational networks of experts
Concepts Mediterranean traditional architecture • Common, alive because it is occupied, pre-industrial and a tradition result • Built by craftsmen with local materials and expertise • Expression of a community’s culture • Built on the areas around the Mediterranean sea
Rehabilitation • Large range of actions to recuperate a lost function • Different rehabilitation levels from the urban one to the building • Balance between technical aspects and hereditary values • Bear in mind sustainable criteria (economical, social and environmental)
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Two weights and measures
Target public • Politicians and government experts (at national, regional and local levels)
• The agents of the rehabilitation sector (architects, engineers, building contractor, craftsmen, manufacturers, academics, …)
• The users and inhabitants of rehabilitated urban areas and buildings
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Partnership of the projet
Project structure
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S.I Knowledge and methodology Methodology, strategy and work tools for rehabilitation
S.II Training Knowledge transfer of the experts’ networks
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S.III Pilot operations Starting the introduction of methods and knowledge
Regional conference Conclusion and dissemination of Project results
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S.I Knowledge and Methodologies Objective To help the rehabilitation of the traditional ways of Mediterranean dwelling, to guarantee the perpetuation of its hereditary and historical values and the quality of dwellers’ way of life
How Developing the protocols that collect the principles of action as a practical guide to the different agents in every step of the rehabilitation process by experts’ networks
S.I Knowledge and Methodologies Networks of experts • Urban rehabilitation management • Building rehabilitation methodology • Experiences of urban rehabilitation and construction
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Urban rehabilitation management The network understands the actions on the urban fabric as a whole of pluridisciplinary actions which goal is the environmental, economical, social and physical rehabilitation
Objective: • Defining the precise strategy to plan, encourage, control and direct the urban rehabilitation actions • Setting up work methods • Making a specific application of the method in every pilot operation • Dissemination of the method to all the partners
Building rehabilitation methodology The network understands rehabilitation as a whole comprehension of the building and its problematics
Objective: • Creation of a methodology and work tools, according the Mediterranean experience, based on « diagnosis »
• Setting up work methods • Making a specific application of the method in every pilot operation • Dissemination of the method to all the partners
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Experiences of urban rehabilitation and construction A network of experts is working to identify and document Experiences of urban and building rehabilitation Objective: to create a database that showcases Mediterranean experience in the field of rehabilitation in a broad sense.
Traditional forms of habitat We refer to traditional forms of habitat in Mediterranean, as the natural, often unplanned way, in which humankind has settled in the Mediterranean territory throughout history—that is, the basic expression of the culture of different societies, their way of living in community and their relations with nature and landscape.
Not only referring to single constructions but also to interventions that form part of an urban or territorial ensemble, with its streets or tracks, its inhabitants, etc., defining a traditional human and built environment that is the reflection of a history as well as of a way of life and settlement in the territory.
These are ways of constructing the habitat (villages, historic centres, etc.) that are facing tragic situations today, subject to a constant loss of their social and cultural character, and threatened by intense degradation due to the urban processes that emerged with industrialization.
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Regional Symposium
RehabiMed Bulletin
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RehabiMed website
Website: Menu RehabiMed What is RehabiMed? Working countries Press file
Databases International experts Specialised companies Rehabilitation products
Bulletin Suscription to the Bulletin Archive of published bulletins
Activities
Downloads RehabiMed documents Other documents
RehabiMed activities Other activities
Legislation
Technical area
International By country
Urban management Building rehabilitation Experiences
Pilot operations Lefkara (Cyprus) Cairo (Egypt) Kairouan (Tunisia) Marrakech (Morocco)
Bibliography Documentation centre: Database for free and guided consultations Bibliography
Links
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S.II Training and knowledge transfer Seminars: • Cyprus. Urban landscape. Lefkara • Egypt. Craftsmanship. Islamic Cairo • Morocco. Social action. Marrakech • Tunisie. Sustainable tourism. Kairouan
S.III Pilot operations 1. Heritage workshop 2. Construction site •
Lefkara (Cyprus). Rehabilitation and urban landscape
•
Cairo (Egypt). Rehabilitation and craftsmanship
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Marrakech (Morocco). Rehabilitation and social action.
•
Kairouan (Tunisia). Rehabilitation and sustainable tourism.
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My role in this session • More sensible than scientific or learned • More cultural than technical • Doubting is better than asserting • An environment, which must be regarded as multifarious rather than unique • Its future is not in protection, but in use and relevant transformation
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LEFKARA SETTLEMENT ISSUES OF THE CORE AND THE PERIPHERY
REHABIMED SEMINAR
Nicosia, Cyprus, 7 November, 2005
Irene Hadjisavva MINISTRY OF INTERIOR DEPARTMENT OF TOWN PLANNING AND HOUSING
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE SETTLEMENT
Agios Andronicos church Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
The Settlement in the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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The Settlement in the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
The Settlement in the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
The mixed typology
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Architecture of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Degradation of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Degradation of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Degradation of the Core… and the Periphery…
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Unsuccessful interventions on traditional buildings
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Unsuccessful new development
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Unsuccessful new development
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Unsuccessful treatments
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Unsuccessful treatments
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Opportunities for sustainable tourist and economic development Central geographical position, easy access from the national road network Remarkable and rather preserved architectural heritage Traditional crafts of lace and silver Uniqueness of the landscape and the natural environment
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Ancient Monuments
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Lefkara Local Plan
Sustainability: economic development+heritage preservation Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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Listed Buildings
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
Listed Buildings
• Cash Grant
• • • •
Tax deduction Transfer of development rights Provided plot ratio Direct intervention subsidies
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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THANK YOU
Lefkara Settlement, Issues of the Core and the Periphery
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The urban landscape
A pilot project for Lefkara
Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
Criteria for the choice of the pilot site 1. Feasibility 2. Accessibility 3. Obvious Results 4. Examplary buildings 5. Impact on the population 6. Acceptance by the local authority Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
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Candidate places for the pilot project
1. Principal entrance to the town 2. Central square 3. Principal commercial street 4. Square around the church of Saint Andronikos
Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
Main entrance to the town
Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
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Main square
Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
Main commercial street
Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
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Square around St. Andronikos
Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
Identification of problems 1. Alterations of the faรงades 2. Commercial signs 3. Introduction of new elements on the facades 4. New architecture 5. Electrical network 6. Mobilier urbain 7. Signage Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
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Commercial signs, new architecture, ‌ Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
Electrical network, additions on the facades
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Alterations of openings, introduction of wrong elements
Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
Alteration of the roofscapes
Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
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Previous studies Local team Problem evaluation, positif values and feasibility Definition of the working area Team Oxford Brookes University Holistic approach Durability of the action Participation Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
Next steps (RehabiMed Method) Measured drawings of the facades and streetscape Historic studies Research on the original colours Research on the needs of the inhabitants Proposal for the action Organisation of the pilot action teams (masons, craftsmen) Department of Antiquities, Cyprus
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A Presentation on
Vernacular Architecture of Lefkara
By students and staff of the Masters course in International Studies in Vernacular Architecture ISVA 2004-2005 Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
Method of Approach
Mind map Analysis
Personal Interviews
Observations
Inferences
Recommendations and Proposals
Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
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Methodology and Findings 3.
Field sketches: courtyard house plans
Relationship between architecture and life
Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
Mind Map Analysis
Sample of Mind Maps
Analysis of Mind Maps
Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
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Groups Interviewed
Cypriot settlers More than 50 People Interviewed
Non Cypriot settlers Visitors Shop keepers Teenagers School Children
Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
Community Response Responses about Lefkara • The people interviewed were largely positive about Lefkara, including the old stone buildings and the community spirit • People complained about the traffic in the town, and the loss of population and the possible decline of the native craft industries of lacemaking, and silver work
Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
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Observations of the Community Positive Aspects Community Spirit Safe Environment – Community Policing Trustworthy and Honest Community Chapels Maintained by the Community School Location of Village Traditional Architecture
Concerns Traffic Issues Decline in Lace and Silver Industries Diminishing size of Younger Population Lack of Amenities for Young People Modern Buildings Diluting the Character of the Village Derelict Buildings Tourism Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
Tourism Concerns
Observations General confusion about orientation Circulation through Immediate Shopping Facilities Unaware of other attractions Duration of stay limited
Possible Reasons Lack of appropriate information Non-specific signage
Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS ﾂケossible implementation of a strategy for waste management
ﾂイollection strategies could be devised to enable safe and efficient disposal of waste
Map showing Districts within Lefkara
Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
RECOMMENDATIONS
April 2005
TREATMENT OF ROOFSCAPE
ﾂオmprove the treatment of the Roofscape
skyscape of Lefkara
Oxford Brookes University, UK
Example of Solution
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
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Existing Signage Lack of Appropriate Maps and Signage Misleading Information Repetition of Signs Location of Signs Clarity of Road Signs Non-specific Signage
Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
Rehabilitation Stabilising Derelict Buildings Opening Abandoned Courtyard for Public Use Creating Employment
Existing Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
Proposed April 2005
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Traffic Proposed Traffic Revision • A Pedestrian Zone is needed, because the laceworkers sit on the street sewing
• One-Way Streets should channel the traffic around the main area
Key Pedestrian Zone
• Two-Way roads connect to the One-Way loop, and lead out of town
One-Way Loop Main Two-Way Streets Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
Suggestions for Improvement Renovate Town Square • Town Square is crowded with many cars and pedestrians – which creates a dangerous traffic situation • Town Square should become a pedestrian free zone, and a new fountain should be the centre-point of the square
• An expanded public square with a park, or green area in front of the school • more plants, more landscaping and more benches and seats
Oxford Brookes University, UK
A Presentation on Lefkara
April 2005
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THE TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHTECTURE OF CYPRUS
Maria Philokyprou, Department of Town Planning and Housing
TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE
Traditional architecture refers to the monumental and anonymous architecture of the cities
Part A: Analysis of the urban tissue Part B: Analysis of the buildings
Monumental Architecture Public Buildings Residences and private shops and workshops
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EVOLUTION OF URBAN TISSUE
Co-existence of buildings of the Medieval, the Renaissance, the Ottoman periods, the British Colonial Rule.
EVOLUTION OF URBAN TISSUE
Nicosia and Famagusta had a high degree of organization due to
The existence of defence walls The societies which inhabited them
The main characteristics which the conquerors wanted to add to these cities were:
The magnificence of the Administrative and Religious buildings
The establishment of organised open spaces
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EVOLUTION OF URBAN TISSUE FAMAGUSTA
Sea Gate
PORT
Inland Gate
TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Monumental Architecture
Defence Walls (Nicosia, Famagusta) Castles (Limassol, Paphos, Larnaca, Kerynia) Administrative Buildings Religious Buildings
Gothic, Renaissance churches Greek Orthodox churches Islamic religious buildings
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TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Monumental Architecture Greek Orthodox churches
Franco – Byzantine type of church
Elements of Gothic art with regard to construction (wide use of ashlar, pointed arches) Byzantine plans of churches Ay. Nicolas (Bedestan)
TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Monumental Architecture Rustication
BUINDING MATERIALS
Wide use of ashlar stone Rustication in some facades
Building of the Renaissance period - Famagusta
Famagusta Gate
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PUBLIC BUILDINGS Khania
Two storey buildings with rooms around a central courtyard Khani tou Symeou
Buyuk Khan
Kumarcilar Khan
PUBLIC BUILDINGS Baths (Hamams) Buyuk Hamam – St George of the Latins church - Nicosia
Francish Baths - Paphos
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TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Residences - Workshops
“Wide front and flat roof type” encountered in the Eastern Mediterranean – with the long side of the house along the street
Earlier times - placing of the house in the inner part of the plot Later on- the house is situated on the road boundary
TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Residences - Typology
Arcade – iliakos at the rear façade of the house
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TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Residences - Courtyard
a) Original Courtyard house type
c) Planned serial house type
b) Minimal Courtyard house type
d) New Courtyard house type
TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Mansions
The Mansion of the Dragoman of Cyprus Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios
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TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Mansions
Private Baths in Mansions
TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Residences - Morphology ROOFING Flat roofs Inclined roofs
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TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Residences - Morphology
ENTRANCE DOORS
TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Residences – Morphology
Symmetry in neoclassical buildings
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TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Residences – Morphology
One of the side rooms becomes larger because of its function as a reception room thus the façade losses its symmetry
TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Residences – Morphology
Co-existance of balconies, covered balconies and kioskia in Nicosia
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TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Building Materials – Ceilings and Walls
CEILINGS AND WALLS
Plain timber planks Carved planks with painted decoration
TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE Workshops
Single storey Arches and iron beams in the interior Large rectangular or arched openings
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TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE CONCLUSIONS „
The urban architecture of Cyprus Cities comprises a mosaic of different styles and influences. The gothic religious buildings, the venitian defencive works, the mansions of Ottoman rule coexist with the houses of the British Colonial Rule, creating an interesting urban character of the cities. In the buildings themselves ancient and more recent morphological elements are incorporated in a unique manner.
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Mediterranean traditional architecture. The reasons for its rehabilitation and maintenance.
Gilles Nourissier Mediterranean space The value and the use of this heritage Architectural typologies Materials and building techniques Transformation process and the future
Mediterranean area • • • •
Geographical diversity Seasonal landscapes A circulated space Common land, common sights
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Roman empire
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Islamic Mediterrenean
Ottoman Mediterranean
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During colonial times
Mediterranean region today
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Traditional architecture • Traditional, vernacular, ordinary, anonymous, pre-industrial, without architects… • Simple, adapted to its environment, answering needs, according to cultural reference… • Build with basic and local materials • Obviously reflecting a common imaginative Mediterranean world
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A domesticated land • A land of cities networking territories • An intensive use of territory for production purpose • A range of others buildings, answers to fit the necessities • A net of roads that weave and structure territories • A vast diversity of landscapes
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Living in community • Social organizations in urban or rural communities • Compact urban fabric with streets, piazzas and public spaces • The urban area is fed and provided by trades, religions, feasts and holidays, politics… • A sustainable model, self-sufficient and ecologically profitable
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Multiple places and ways of living • • • • •
Outside Interior versus exterior, Air and light filtered, Transition spaces Green architecture
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Architectural typologies • • • •
Elementary house Patio house High houses Scattered settlements
Elementary houses
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Patio houses
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Maison Ă patio
High houses
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Scattered settlements
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Building arts local materials and traditional techniques
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Building arts local materials and traditional techniques • • • • • • •
Floors Cupolas Vaults Timber frames Roofs Stone walls Earth walls
• Wood structures and facings • Light houses • Rendering and lime washes • Know-how
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Time works on architecture • • • • • • • • •
Living architecture Evolving architecture Ongoing transformation Abandoned and ruined As a museum picturesque Architecture for a cultural tourism Rehabilitated architecture Re-interpreted architecture
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Looking at the future Traditional architecture can be: • A driving force for social and economic development • A solution for housing problems • A development tool for cultural tourism • A resource for inter mediterranean culture
As a result of its rehabilitation and revitalization
Transformation process endangered heritage
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Today we have • A network of experts of traditional mediterranean architecture • Exhibitions, to raise awarness on a heritage present but often forgotten • On the Web, database on typologies, building materials and techniques and a selection of significant sites • A book, synthesis on this architecture, its evolution and future • Another book, a Manual of Rehabilitation and maintenance
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Urban landscape and rehabilitation 1. 2. 3. 4.
Spatial organisation Alterations caused by new functions, Regulation process Practical exercice, case study
Attached documents • • • • •
Venice charter, 1964 Washington charter, 1987 Vernacular architecture charter, 1999 Nara document on authenticity, 1993 Xi’an declaration on settings, 21October 2005
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Hybride entre monumental et vernaculaire
Hybrid: between Monumental and vernacular
Entre les mailles de nos chartes mais relevant de toutes
Slipping through the nets of our charters, and yet in the essence of all
Inconnu comme catégorie propre puisque il tient plus de l’évolution que de la conservation
A heritage not considered a category, linked more to evolution than conservation
Il n’est pas caractérisé par son pittoresque ou sa rareté mais par son anonymat et par sa masse
It is neither picturesque nor rare but on the contrary anonymous and abundant
Far from being secondary, it embodies Il n’est pas secondaire et incarne the very values of urban pride and the l’ambition d’édilité, d’urbanité et de dignity of its populations dignité de ses populations
1 Spatial organisation • • • • •
Urban morphologies Views, vistas Streets and piazzas Regular composition or organic fabric The moving scenery of the façades
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3
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An architecture by men of the trade, without architects
Modest variations based on sophisticated models
An architecture by men of the trade, without architects
Modest variations based on sophisticated models
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2 Alterations caused by new functions • Ageing • Town mutation • Modern equipements of public space and of buildings • Advertising, signs • Architectural disorganizations
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3 Regulation process • Architectural specifications and building codes – Size, volumes, heigths, – Shapes and dimensions – Materials, textures, colors
• Guidelines, awareness raising • Store fronts
Rules and recommendations Example of Greoux, France • Zones (heritage, covisibility, green) • composition • Building line • heights • Volumes • Façades • Openings • Projecting, overhanging elements • Roofs
• • • • •
Surrounding walls, fences superstructures Shop fronts Equipments Public space
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Rules and recommendations Example of Embrun, France, Accepted, Forbiden, 0bligatory, Recommended • Volumes (position in relation to street, to limits, heigth) • Roof (materials, slope, overhang, glass surfaces) • Façades – composition
– – – – – – – – – – –
Renderings Color Patterns, decoration Windows, Shutters Doors Balconies Shop fronts Awning, shades Gutters staircases
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Awareness raising of local heritage • • • • • • • • •
Traditional houses Village house Urban house Burgess house Rural house Renderings Plaster implementation Color palette Doors & windows colors
• Façade composition • Roofs • Fences and walls
Old buildings façades restoration
Store front design and rehabilitation
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3 categories of shop windows • Door type (or window type) From 0,80 m to 1,80 m wide • Portico type, (flat or arch) ≥ 1,80 m wide
• Applied, added on type ( wood, marble, glass, metal) Projecting box covering structural elements (lintels, jambs)
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Pas de porte means key money for a shop
And pas de porte also means doorstep
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Door type
Portico type
Simple, regular organization or layout
Simple, regular organization, with entresol or mezzanine
…with base
…with enlarged openings
3 possible positions for the shop window • Set back • At the rebate of the wall • In front
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Awnings or shades, signs
Practical exercice, case study •
What people do is on picture A while the reference is on B : which specification would be necessary to improve the result?
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B
Practical exercice, case study •
If you consider pictures C and D are not satisfactory, how would you formulate the rules to avoid such treatments?
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C
D
Practical exercice, case study • Picture E shows an image of the village one wishes to conserve. What do you propose to achieve that result?
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E
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5 Principles • • • • •
Integration (versus isolation) Globalism (versus specialization) Coordination (sharing versus selfishness) Flexibility (versus rigidity) Adaptability ( versus univocal attitude)
RehabiMed Method for the rehabilitation of Traditional Mediterranean Architecture ORIENTATION
DIAGNOSIS
STRATEGY
ACTION
FOLLOW-UP
1
POLITICAL WILL
2
3
PRELIMINARY DECISIONS
ANALYSIS TERRITORY
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5
INTEGRATED DIAGNOSTIC
STRATEGIC REFLECTION
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6 ACTION PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
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CONTINUAL EVALUATION
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RehabiMed Method for the rehabilitation of Traditional Mediterranean Architecture ORIENTATION
DIAGNOSIS
1
2
POLITICAL WILL identification of problems
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PRELIMINARY DECISIONS deciding on the need to act
political approach and justification of the intevention
ANALYSIS TERRITORY
delimitation of the physical area of intervention urban nucleus
social approach? urban planning viewpoint?
rural nucleus Rural territory
economic viewpoint?
nature and scope of the intervention
environmental viewpoint?
definition of the framework of governance and participation
heritage viewpoint?
public authorities technical team social agents residents & users
RehabiMed Method for the rehabilitation of Traditional Mediterranean Architecture DIAGNOSIS
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STRATEGY identification of prevailing legal framework
ANALYSIS TERRITORY planning the diagnosis
identification of the needs & expectations of residents and users
Programme of multisectorial studies urban planning and architectural approach
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INTEGRATED DIAGNOSTIC
STRATEGIC REFLECTION
socio-economic approach
territorial context, integration & continuity of fabrics
integration & territorial polarity
structure of the territory (built space, open space & infrastructures)
demography
uses of the area/ territory
antrhropology / cultural values
builiding & residential typologies
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sumary of potentials & dysfunctions of the area
sociology / social values
Psycology / life-related values
urban planning tensions & state of conservation
economic parameters
heritage values
real-estate dynamics
construction & formal values
territorial & administrative organization
social consensus and political backing
mobility & accessibility
biophysical approach physical environment natural landscape
historical & geographical approach historical & territorial context
environmental parameters
historical evolution and conditions of structural evolution
environmental parameters
archeology
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RehabiMed Method for the rehabilitation of Traditional Mediterranean Architecture STRATEGY
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STRATEGIC REFLECTION planning the decisionmaking process
ACTION PLAN definition of scenarios of intervention
evaluation of scenarios of intervention
criteria of reflection
criteria of evaluation
strategic premises
coherence of scenario
reconciling the long and short term
overall cost
chosing the target scenario and social consensus
compared impacts subsidiarity of scales sustainability of scenario Synergy between public & private interests
Viability of scenario priority objectives of sustainable rehabilitation Improving residents’s quality of life
economical viability juridical viability social acceptance
valorization of cultural & natural heritage improving social cohesion promotion of economic vitality environmental efficiency
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RehabiMed Method for the rehabilitation of Traditional Mediterranean Architecture STRATEGY
5
ACTION
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STRATEGIC REFLECTION
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IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
ACTION PLAN drafting of the specification & rehabilitation quantification of Action Plan the actions to be carried out
to modify the structure of the territory projects of intervention on architecture and open spaces
social consensus and political approval
complementary sectorial policies (social, economic & environmental)
definition of apropiate legal tools
urban planning instruments specific ordinances rehabilitation manuals heritage legislation sectorial legislation
definition of the working framework
financing instruments management bodies & agents involved training strategy communication & promotion strategy mechanisms of participation
timeline & organization of phases
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RehabiMed Method for the rehabilitation of Traditional Mediterranean Architecture STRATEGY
5
FOLLOW-UP
7
STRATEGIC REFLECTION
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IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
CONTINUAL EVALUATION
development of urban planning procedures
actions to modify structure of the territory actions to modify and/or substitute buildings actions to transform open spaces actions to improve infrastructures
development of specific projects
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projects for the insertion of new buildings projects for the treatement of open spaces building rehabilitation projects RehabiMed Guide for rehabilitation of traditional buildings
ACTION PLAN development of sectorial policies
observatory of evaluation of the implementati on of the Plan
social policies economic policies environmental policies
Development of complementary campaigns
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Diagnosis and intervention on façades I 1. 2. 3. 4.
Constitutive elements and vocabulary Architectural composition Materials, textures and technologies Colours studies and planning
1.1 Horizontal elements •
The base or baseplate constitutes the element on which a building is erect. It is therefore the lowest level, conceived in a way to set the upcoming construction. It is always processed with more power elements than upper floors. It is often enhanced with powerful bossage, and false bonds and courses.
•
The string course splits 2 horizontal levels. It is usually positioned at the same level as the floor or window supports. It is flat, slightly overhanging, with a rectangular section. When the profile is rounded into a curved moulding. it is then called a cordon.
•
The baseboard is the course running along the base of the wall. It is found even when the first level is processed like a base.
•
The levels are the different heights of the construction. It is a term used in composition; the level is to the façade what the floor is to the construction. It is delimited by string courses. When there are no string courses, one considers the limit to be the height of the tail-bay.
1
1.1 Horizontal elements (follow) •
The entablature constitutes the coping of the construction. It is made of three elements, cornice, frieze, and architrave (the architraved cornice cancels the need for a frieze.)
•
The cornice is the coping of the entablature. It is most often made of a rail - shaped by a round moulding, for example an ogee or a cyma - and a drip designed to stop rain runoff.
•
The frieze is under the cornice. It is a non-moulded horizontal strip, sometimes decorated with a painted or sculpted pattern.
•
The architrave is the lower part of the entablature. It represents the lintel, which spans between two supports (column, pillar…). In a decorative entablature for a façade, it is very much like a moulded string, a belt, which no longer spans or covers empty spaces.
1.1 Horizontal elements (follow) • The attic head constitutes the coping of the construction. The height is much lower than that of other levels, and it is separated from the other elements by a usually much larger moulding (cornice, frieze) than the actual attic level. If there are no clear moulding, a floor which is much lower than the others is simply called a mezzanine floor. • The entresol is a mezzanine floor just above the ground level, usually smaller in height, was elements are usually included in the first level (the base level).
2
1.2 Vertical elements •
The bay or section, in common architecture, refers to the superimposition of bays on a vertical axis. The lateral limits of a bay are the axis of the pier (or the needling and axis of the first pier)
•
The pier refers to the wall between two bays openings of the same level.
•
The needling is the panel between the angle of the building and the first lateral bay.
•
The full bay is the panel between two bays of a same section.
•
The cornerstone is the vertical linking element between two walls making up an angle. It is made with superimposed heading courses. The materials used are usually different or larger than the rest of the facing (when false architectural elements are implemented, with rendering or painting, the same characteristics are applied to differentiate corner elements from walls). The main elements are usually toothed: toothing describes the alternate laying of short and long elements, thus creating a tooth pattern.
1.2 Vertical elements •
The jamb (door) (post for windows) is a vertical element secured into a course wall or partition. Toothing can be applied.
•
The pilaster is a vertical support, a rectangular element, slightly more protruding than the facing. It usually consists of the base and always includes a capital.
3
1.3 Façade terminology •The bay (opening) refers to any opening in a wall, the bay element includes the frame. A blind bay or blind arcade (an opening from the ground up and surmounted by an arch) are also considered as bays or openings. •The niche is considered an opening. The backing is flat or concave. •The lintel is the element that covers an opening. It can be flat or arched. It is monolithic, that is to say, one solid element. •The band moulding is an arch which is flat on the underface. It is made with arch stones; the centre stone is called a keystone. When used to cover an opening, the band moulding replaces the monolithic lintel. On façades, bay covering is often constituted of three parts: two lateral transomes, laid on sidewall elements, with the central keystone. When a keystone goes beyond the main lines of the Arch, it is called “passante” [French word], (towards the top) or hanging (towards the bottom). When it stands further out than the facing it is called overhanging or protruding.
1.3 Façade terminology (follow) •
The support is the lower horizontal elements of an opening or bay (window, fake window, but not the door). It can be flat like the wall or protruding. When protruding, it can be moulded with elements protruding further out than the column, jamb or architrave of an opening.
•
The column is a loadbearing element for the covering of an opening. Support columns are also the lateral limits of piers. In façade terminology, the column facing parallel to the band moulding is called the jamb. The return thickness, from the arris to the opening, is called a vertical side.
•
The frame (or casing) is the frame of an opening on the facing of a wall. It can be moulded. When the frame is decorated with an offset or projection, it is called “à crossettes” [French word].
4
1.3 Façade terminology (follow) •
The basement of the window (or apron) refers to a wall panel between the floor and the support of an opening, as well as between the horizontal jamb liners. This part of the wall carries the woodwork, and is often thinner and lighter than the façade wall. This element is invisible from the outside, but can be indicated on the façade by panel work or a slight projection of a moulding.
•
The transom, in woodwork, refers to a sash superimposed to the main opening element, whether mobile or not, with or without windows, it is separated with a horizontal bar (a transom bar).
•
The oculus is a round window (when there is woodwork), or aperture (when there is no closing device). In a dormer window it is called a bull's-eye.
1.3 Façade terminology (follow) •
The Mullioned window is an opening, divided vertically by a mullion device, a narrow fixed woodwork or masonry. It is often re-divided horizontally with the same material, it is then called a casement window. (the mullion and horizontal element create a cross shape).
•
The Pediment is a low-pitched triangular head or cap, triangle formed by sloping roof and horizontal cornice, shaped with a moulded frame (cornice moulding: drip and rail). Found on the front or centre of façade elements, above openings: doors or windows.
•
Broken pediments, are pediments that are interrupted before the tip of the triangle. Other variations of the pediments are interrupted in the centre of the horizontal cornice. To make an arched pediment, one replaces the two sides of the triangle with a single arch.
•
The balustrade is made of a base, and a line of balusters crowned with a continuous rail. It can either be a balustrade used for person security or as a decorative element of the entablature.
5
FACADE VOCABULARY - Renderings
•
In the French tradition, outstanding civil architecture uses noble materials: a variety of stones and marbles. This lavish and monumental architecture constituted a model for a wide range of constructions, from common civil buildings to modest constructions. Rendering plays a major role as a substitute for stone.
•
A first category of rendering can either: - look like stone, imitating its aspects faithfully, even to the point of texture imitation, - reproduce the patterns of its elements -outlining courses, mouldings, angle stones. In these two cases there is an explicit and obvious reference to stone architecture. This reference can go from hyper realistic to a more discrete outline.
FACADE VOCABULARY – Renderings (2)
•
A second category of rendering no longer refers to stone construction models and becomes a fully expressed façade material. Rendering can be a simple coating used for technical reasons, on storage annexes or buildings where decor is not an issue for the owner. But rendering can also be used, almost always in urban environment, as a means to display a more refined architecture. In this case, rendering is used in a design spirit, to reshape the façade, displaying the construction techniques of a building, exploiting a more or less elaborate decorative art. This design — which calls upon drawing, textures, and colour — refers to specific construction elements (loadbearing constituents, openings) and outlines the composition of a building: patterns, divisions and proportions.
•
Observing the renderings of the building, as well as the way they constitute or enhance profiles and mouldings, will bring forth the architectural intentions of the builder. Contrary wise, a building which has lost its rendering seems deprived of identity, stripped from any signs of its civil role.
6
2 Architectural composition • Partition is meaningful • Elaborated yet modest, hierarchically organised • Partly, totally regular • Totally irregular
7
3
Materials, textures and technologies
• Wall structures and wall facings: stone, bricks, earth, plasters, limewashes, wood
4 Colours studies and planning The menu and the recipe • From the color plan – Limits of specification
• To the ad hoc, tailor-made study – Observation – Fragment taking – Sample making, palette of textures – Recipe writing
8
Color to be chosen in bright or pastel palette … decoration and in relief elements are to be painted choosing in stone tone palette
RENDERING • Finishing coat • Agregate • Dosing • Finishing tool • Technique • Aspect • Color • Recommendations • Difficulties • remarks
PAINTING • Description • Technique • Composition • Color • Stabilization
9
Bush hammered stone
Diagnosis and intervention on faรงades II 1. Intervening on a faรงade project 2. Pathology, diagnosis and specifications 3. Practical exercice case study
10
FAÇADE DATA SHEET
Practical exercice case study • What do you observe on this picture and its detail? • List and describe succinctly all the solutions that could be proposed for a good presentation of this façade?
11
Introduction to façade pre-diagnosis -
A preliminary diagnosis: to make a first evaluation of the condition of the building and defining the various fields and tasks that could be involved in the project, during this first visit.
Note : a general principle to have in mind : • No prescription should be done without a good understanding of the causes and origins of the decay
Twelve rules for the owners, for efficient maintenance 1 Maintain the roofing in good condition 2 Clean obstructed gutters and repair all cracks 3 Fill the small cracks and the opened pointing 4 Protect wooden constructions against humidity 5 Paint all iron components regularly 6 Protect the building against all damaging animals 7 Avoid all mosses and plants 8 Aerate all the rooms 9 Control regularly all technical installations 10 Have the thunderstorm protection inspected every year 11 Avoid extensive use of the building 12 Keep all rooms and spaces easily accessible
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RehabiMed training course:
REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE 7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia
DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FAÇADES THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
Athina Papadopoulou architect-conservator
• Introduction-Bi-communal projects • Restoration of façades in urban regeneration • Development Schemes and other public actions which involve restoration of façades • Diagnosis and Intervention on Façades in Nicosia • NMP Interventions – The Philosophy • NMP Interventions – The Process • Three Case Studies RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
1
Bi-Communal Projects Building bridges between the two communities • 1978: Agreement for the preparation of a common sewerage system
Finding ways of collaboration in order to resolve the problems of the divided city
• 1979: Agreement for the preparation of a common master plan for the city
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
The Nicosia Master Plan Team 1981: A bi-communal multidisciplinary team of national and international experts was formed in order to prepare a physical Master Plan for Nicosia
Aim: • To improve the present and future living conditions of all the inhabitants of Nicosia Study Area
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
2
A DIVIDED CAPITAL Major urban issues: • The division of the town into two separate urban parts • The abandonment of the city’s core adjoining the buffer zone • The extensive urban sprawl towards the outskirts
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
The Nicosia Master Plan A FLEXIBLE PLAN ADAPTABLE TO CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES
First phase :1981-’84 • Formulation of a general planning strategy for Greater Nicosia
Second phase: 1985 • Preparation of a detailed operational plan for the City Centre
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
3
THE HISTORIC CENTRE Third phase: • The walled city constitutes a common heritage for all the communities of Nicosia • The historic centre is considered by the NMP team as the most important and precious part of the city • For many years this area is subject to physical decay and socio-economic decline Revision • Through continued dialogue and with the assistance of planning experts, the NMP team is currently revising the original Plan in light of the developments over the last twenty years, the needs of the city’s contemporary users and the challenges posed by future development. The NMP ‘’New Vision’’ initiative will define new short and long-term initiatives that will bolster the city’s development as a centre of economic activity based on Nicosia’s rich cultural heritage.
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
REHABILITATION POLICY Preservation and rehabilitation as a multi-dimensional process Objectives: • •
•
•
Protection of the architectural heritage Development and traffic management in harmony with the scale of the historic centre Rehabilitation of old residential neighbourhoods and provision of community facilities Revitalisation of the commercial core and increase of employment opportunities
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
4
Architectural Objectives
• Inventory of Architectural heritage • Preservation and conservation of individual buildings and groups of buildings, with distinct historical, architectural and environmental qualities
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
Restoration of façades in urban regeneration • Urban regeneration is a multifaceted field of work which should deal with and resolve, economic, social, planning, architectural, conservation and heritage issues in order to be successful. • The restoration of façades is only one of the tools to be used in this context. • Restoring façades: - will provide the upgrading and enhancement of the physical environment at streetscape level - can save important architectural features - may raise consciousness of inhabitants about maintaining the quality of the built environment
• The restoration of façades will not magically revitalize an area unless used together with other regeneration actions to tackle economic and social problems. RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
5
Development Schemes and other public actions which involve restoration of façades in Nicosia • Restoration of façades implemented by the Nicosia Master Plan funded by the Government and foreign donors. •
Economic incentives for shop-keepers in the walled city from the District Office of Nicosia. £5.000 (€8.600) per shop façade.
•
NMP office facilitates District Office scheme by approving proposals and conducting on site supervision minimizing time otherwise required for planning permission.
•
NMP publication of illustrated guidelines for façade restoration addressed to property owners (funded by European Union through UNDP/ UNOPS-PFF).
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
Diagnosis and Intervention on Façades in Nicosia •
•
Priority projects specified within the NMP objectives for urban rehabilitation of the walled city. Areas of façade restoration determined according to – Architectural significance and degree of degradation – Creating links between completed or proposed rehabilitation projects – Availability of access to properties
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
6
NMP Interventions – the Philosophy •
Safeguarding the authenticity of each façade
•
Restoration of original elements to the degree possible
•
Respect to historic phases
•
Use of compatible and reversible materials and methods
•
Accommodation of contemporary utilitarian needs such as public utility systems
•
Public participation for the development of the proposal
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
NMP Interventions – the Process •
Historic research conducted
•
Documentation and diagnosis of architectural and structural condition
•
Research on materials carried out if necessary
•
Coordination with public utility authorities Consultation with property owners Proposal of interventions developed, drawings and specifications and bills of quantities produced Public tender procedure carried out for private contractors Implementation and site supervision
• •
• •
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
7
Three Case Studies 1.
Restoration of the façades of 18 residences in Archbishop Filotheou Street.
2.
Improvement of building facades and shop windows in Onasagorou and Phaneromeni Streets.
3.
Rehabilitation of Old Nicosia : The Phaneromeni Area, Phase I.
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
1. Restoration of the facades of 18 residences in Archbishop Filotheou Street • • • • • • •
Duration of project: November 2000November 2001 Two construction contracts, north and south side of street Primarily ground floor residences Public utilities remained above ground Permission for interventions from owners and tenants obtained Tender procedures and award to two private contractors Funding from USAID through UNDP/UNOPS-Bi-communal Development Programme
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
8
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
9
2. Improvement of building facades and shop windows in Onasagorou and Phaneromeni Streets. •Project implemented in 2004 •District Office of Nicosia economic incentives scheme for restoration of façades- £150.000,00 (€260.000,00) available / 30 shop owners participated •Permission for interventions from owners and tenants obtained •Proposal and implementation by NMP following tender procedures for private contractor •Partial underground placement of public utility infrastructure
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
10
3. Rehabilitation of Old Nicosia : The Phaneromeni Area, Phase I. •
Project implemented during June 2003-June 2004
•
Three construction contracts, two for façade restoration and one for redesign of roads and public utilities infrastructure-total cost £850.000,00 (€1.500.000,00)
• •
Permission for interventions from owners and tenants obtained
•
Proposal and implementation by NMP following tender procedures for private contractor
•
Funding from European Union through UNDP/UNOPS-Partnership for the Future
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
11
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
12
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
13
Restoring faรงades will remain skindeep if it is not part of a greater network of regeneration actions working towards the sustainable revitalization of the city.
RehabiMed training course: REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE,7 -14 November 2005, Nicosia DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION ON URBAN FACADES - THE NICOSIA EXAMPLE
NICOSIA MASTER PLAN
14
Store fronts
How to observe • • • • • •
Type Architectural composition, style, period Materials, colors Sun protection, security Signs (type, position, lettering) Lighting
1
3 categories of shop windows • Door type (or window type) From 0,80 m to 1,80 m wide • Portico type, (flat or arch) ≥ 1,80 m wide
• Applied, added on type ( wood, marble, glass, metal) Projecting box covering structural elements (lintels, jambs)
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String course like On the transom On the door, panels Position of the shade Under the string course Top of the transom
Flag sign High or low position
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1
GENERAL PRACTICE DECISION TO TAKE ACTION
THE WORK
THE REHABIMED PROPOSAL DECISION TO TAKE ACTION
I. KNOWLEDGE
II. REFLECTION AND THE PROJECT
III. THE WORK
IV. LIFESPAN
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RehabiMed Guide for the rehabilitation of traditional buildings
1 PRELIMINARIES
3 DIAGNOSIS (SYNTHESIS)
4
5 PROJECT
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REHABILITATION
MAINTENANCE
IV. LIFESPAN
REFLECTION AND DECISIONMAKING
III. THE WORK
(building and users)
I. KNOWLEDGE
II. REFLECTION AND THE PROJECT
2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES (ANALYSIS)
3
RehabiMed Guide for the rehabilitation of traditional buildings Good state, without new needs
1
go to
7
= program maintenance plan
PRELIMINARIES
Good state, with new needs
MAINTENANCE
= extend studies
Decision to take action / Interview with the client
Preliminary diagnosis Visual inspection of building
Preliminary diagnosis report
Habitability problems = extend studies
Conservation problems (obsolete) Identification of users
= extend studies
Big value for the community (listed)
(building and users)
I. KNOWLEDGE
Start participate process
Legal framework of building and users
= extend studies
Serious problems of habitability (overcrowding, fire security) = extend studies Serious problems of structure
go to
2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES (ANALYSIS)
= evacuation and extend studies
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RehabiMed Guide for the rehabilitation of traditional buildings
2
Social aspects
MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES (ANALYSIS)
Historical aspects
Socioeconomical approach
Study of documentary sources
Anthropological approach
Archaeological method
go to
3 DIAGNOSIS (SYNTHESIS)
Oral history
(building and users)
I. KNOWLEDGE
Establishing of provisional hypotheses
Programme of multidisciplinary studies
Architectural aspects
Construction aspects
Graphic survey
Construction system
Integration in the place
Degradation phenomena
Typological analysis
Structural and fire security
Spatial analysis
Comfort parameters
Colour and decoration study
Environmental parameters
Legal and urbanistic framework
Infrastructure connectivity
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RehabiMed Guide for the rehabilitation of traditional buildings return to
3
2
DIAGNOSIS (SYNTHESIS)
II. REFLECTION AND THE PROJECT
MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES (ANALYSIS)
Critical evaluation of the studies
Map of values (historical, artistic...)
Confirmation of hypotheses
Writing a report Building ’s composition
Carried out studies description Justification of building values
Map of deficits (social, features, lesions...)
Description of deficits
Diagnosis Map of former and/or existing uses Recommendations
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RehabiMed Guide for the rehabilitation of traditional buildings Decisionmaking
4
Rehabilitate the faรงade and/or the roof
REFLECTION AND DECISIONMAKING
II. REFLECTION AND THE PROJECT
Feasibility
Program maintenance plan
go to
7 MAINTENANCE
Improve basic habitability
Confirmation of criteria
Improve energetic performance and comfort Improve environmental performance
Transformability map (values + deficits + existents uses)
Improve basic equipment and supplies Maximal conservation
Programme of new uses
Extensions, change of use
Structural consolidation Evaluation of regulatory factors
Maximal transformation
Seismic consolidation
Fire prevention
go to
5 PROJECT
Integral rehabilitation
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RehabiMed Guide for the rehabilitation of traditional buildings
5 PROJECT
Outline proposals
Project
II. REFLECTION AND THE PROJECT
Technical parameters
Documentation
Planning alternatives
Incorporation of the ideas of the participate process
Agreement with the client
Local construction knowledge
Working Drawings
Visibility of the intervention
Production information
Technological compatibility
Bill of quantities
Modern equipment integration
Budget
Sustainability
Technical specification
Maintainability
Health and safety measures
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RehabiMed Guide for the rehabilitation of traditional buildings
6 REHABILITATION
Tender action
Obtaining the building permit
Carrying out the work Follow-up
Handover of the work Organisation
Choice of the builder Ongoing revision of the project
Programming of works
Effectiveness of the construction solutions
Building protections
Tenders submission
Building contract
III. THE WORK
Workers formation
Specialised enterprises contract
Evaluation new discoveries
- from the elements - from the rehabilitation work itself
Coordinate the safety of works
Materials reuse, waste control...
As built
Entry of several trades
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RehabiMed Guide for the rehabilitation of traditional buildings go to
7
1
MAINTENANCE
PRELIMINARIES
Choice of the model of maintenance Preventive maintenance
The ‘identity card’ Building informations Maintenance work according to a timeframe
As built
Use recommendations
Cleaning
Entretien correctif
IV. LIFESPAN
Maintenance timeframe Publicizing the building's values among the community
Cleaning
Repairs
Inspections
Renovation
The building needs new rehabilitation
Inspections
Repairs Reprogramme the timeframe Renovation
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Presentations for façade analysis and project • Suppose you speak to representative of the city, or to professionals, or even to private owners of the house • You have to explain and communicate – the nature, quality, value… of the house – The good / bad condition of the building – The improvement to be carried out
• You have a maximum of 8 minutes to present
• It is not the presentation of the datasheet you have filled in • It is an argument of what has to be done and why
1
Issues to be dealt with (1 or 2 speakers) 1. An explanation of today’s situation – – –
Architecture (composition, quality…) Building technique(s) Alterations and physical conditions Î 3 to 4 minutes
2. A description of your recommendation – –
Architecture (conservation, transformation…) Technical choices and measures to be taken, (in general and detail of aspect) Î 4 to 5 minutes
2
Diagnosis and intervention on façades Two houses in SOLONOS STREET Nicosia – Cyprus
Lebanon
Presented by: Ruba Salim Iyad Issa Ziad Abi Karam Antonios El Kartabany
Palestine Palestine
Lebanon
RehabiMed Seminar, Cyprus November 2005
Location
This building is a 19th -20th century vernacular,2 story house. It is one of a series of residential buildings that agglomerated in an area with many built churches.
1
Access:
Similar architectural elemets:
2
3
Interior:
Plaster Disorders
4
Hewn Stone Disorders
Wood Disorders:
5
Iron Disorders:
6
RehabiMed 10 Nov 2005
House 50 at the Solonos Street /Nicosia Description, Assessment and Recommendations
Bassem MOUAD – Essam Latif – Fandi Waked – Marianne Safai – Nessreen Tourky – Omar al-Ghul
Nature and Values • The object of this presentation is a residential building that stands on the Solonos street. • Built in 1895, the house has a special historical value. This is enhanced by its architectural values, since it reflects the style of the traditional building in Nicosia at the end of the 19th century.
1
Nature and Value • The importance of the building is manifested furthermore by its being a part of the urban fabric of that part of Nicosia.
Nature and Value
Unity
AxisŮ?
Third Divide
Symmetry
2
Nature and Value
Current situation
Building Technique 1.The Walls • Built with a load bearing system. • Covered with white plaster and water-based paint.
3
Building Technique 2.Openings • Yellow lime-stone was used to provide a framework for the openings.
Building Technique 3.The roof • Constructed with wooden Truss beams covered with rounded tiles.
4
Building Technique 4.The Balcony • Consists of wooden frame, and supported by an Iron structure.
Alternations 1.Wood • Pealing lead to deformation and increase in volume.
5
Alternations 2.Metal • Weathering and humidity cause oxidization and deformation. • Zink of water pipes was deformed due to loss of parts of the pipes.
Alternations 3.Stone • Dirt accumulated in pores of the stone and discoloured it. • The nature of the stone and the weathering caused its degradation.
6
Alternations 4.Plaster • The lower part of the plaster was secondarily covered with a cement layer to the height of ca. one meter. • The plaster exhibits cracks on several places.
Recommendations • Several structural and architectural elements need to be replaced: • The plaster needs to repaired/replaced. • The walls should be repainted by using the same material and colour. • The stone should be restored to its original physical state. • Removal of the corrosion and paint from the metal elements and repainting it. • Replacement of the drainage pipes. • Replacement of the lost wooden parts, repair the decayed ones, and conservation of well preserved parts.
7
Recommendation
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2
3
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Private house Platon street Nicosia, Cyprus
RehabiMed – 7-14 November, Nicosia. Cyprus.
1
General description Traditional urban typology with an adjacent garden Urban fabric under a process of historical transformation and rehabilitation
The architectural characteristics 2 floors building
The central axe of the entrance is stressed by a kiosk above the entrance.
The building had few transformations along history.
It is assumed that the kiosk is an Ottoman element suggesting that the earliest phase of the building could be dated in that period.
2
The balconies – reinforced concrete – are from a relatively later period - international style
2 kiosk
3 Balconies
1
3
Techniques and materials
Traditional techniques in combination with contemporary in the additions (balconies in reinforced concrete)
Traditional Materials: rough stone and ashlar sand stone for the elements Mortar for joints based on lime,
Renderings: lime and gypsum plaster, recently cement for the deteriorated base
Wood and iron: wooden shutters of two types with iron accessories and window rods. Ironwork on the railings and under lintel of the main door Kiosk made of wood frame wall (dolma or bagdati) and plastered on later wooden cantilevers
Wooden overhang (caisson) Zinc gutters and drainpipes
4
Neglected infrastructure
Supportive elements altered and damaged
Shutters damaged Renderings partly disorganized Ashlar stones partly damaged Base cemented
Additional inappropriate elements
Main entrance replaced Ashlar stones cemented
5
Cracks on renderings
Visual Air condition infrastructure
Roof overhang damaged and unpainted Kiosk structure in bad condition
6
Alterations of shutters, balcony additions
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General recommendations and proposals STRATEGY A (conservative): The keep the historical spirit of the building
To expose the different periods of the organic process and the different techniques:
By using the same techniques and by taking care of the elements of the visual communication:
Geometry – form, proportion, scale Materials Colors Texture
Detailed recommendations and proposals According the analysis there are few detailed recommendations:
16
To create internal hidden infrastructure
To renew the supportive elements
To renew shutters To renew renderings To treat/replace Ashlar stones Base cemented
17
To remove inappropriate elements
To restore the entrance door To expose the Ashlar stones
To repair the Cracks, to create a new plaster to paint all the building
To remove the Air condition infrastructure
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To repair and paint the overhang To strengthen Kiosk structure
To renew the shutters and balcony additions
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Other actions like: cleaning, painting etc.
General recommendations and proposals STRATEGY B: The keep the historical spirit of the building
BUT To stress and to bring into extreme the differences between the periods of the organic process and the different techniques:
By using the same techniques and by using the elements of visual communication in order to stress the different techniques along history: Geometry – form, proportion, scale Materials Colors Texture
20
Wood
2
3 Reinforced concrete
1
21
RehabiMed training course. REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE Lefkosia, Cyprus from 7 to 14 November 2005
Diagnosis and interventions on faรงades.
Aristidou & Eschiliou St., Nicosia, Cyprus
1
N
1st Floor Plan
N
Ground floor plan
Uses
Incompatibility between facades.
Neo-classical elements.
Simple and unpretentious.
North facade
Reflection of the owner’s wealth.
Kiosk (typical ottoman influence).
West (main) facade
Blind surface.
South facade
N
2
North facade
North faรงade (detail)
3
North faรงade (entrance)
South facade
4
5
West (main) facade
6
West (main) facade
Hewn stone faรงade added on top of the original.
7
Hewn stone faรงade added on top of the original.
Wood framed kiosk with wooden corbels.
Cement floored balcony with newer corbels.
8
Relieving arches of previous phase appear on the added stone faรงade.
Ground level stores.
9
Shops interiors (completely altered).
10
(Desperately) asking neighbors for information...
Try again.
When ?!?
Around 1925 1965+1890!@#%=1420!!!
???
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2
3
4
5
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RehabiMed
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14 November 2005
1
Lefkara Practical exercice
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14 November 2005
2
1
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14
Lefkara, Cyprus – Nov. 2005 – Map 4
November 2005
3
OBJECTIVE To draft a regulation/recommendation proposal for the future Presentation through a list of : • (good) results to be achieved (and how) • Things to be avoided, suppressed, forbiden…
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14 November 2005
4
2
METHODOLOGICAL STEPS (for each theme) 1 – Map of heritage values (sequences, variety, artefacts, authenticity…) 2 – Map of deficits (features, alterations, destructions, social aspects…) 3 – Transformability map (overlaying and analysis of the first two maps) 4 – Recommendations in terms of regulation
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14 November 2005
5
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14 November 2005
6
3
5 THEMES, 5 GROUPS (4 to 5 people) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Faรงades : on the pilot sequence (details) Faรงades : on the surrounding neighbourhood area (larger scale) Store fronts, Shop fronts Paving, flooring, Church square Street furniture, cable and wire external installations, street signs
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14 November 2005
7
GROUP 1 : Faรงades : on the pilot sequence (details) MAP 1
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14 November 2005
8
4
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14
Lefkara, Cyprus – Nov. 2005 – Map 1
November 2005
9
GROUP 3 : Store fronts, Shop fronts MAP 2
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14 November 2005
10
5
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14
Lefkara, Cyprus – Nov. 2005 – Map 2
November 2005
11
GROUP 2 : Façades : on the surrounding neighbourhood area (larger scale) GROUP 4 : Paving, flooring, Church square GROUP 5 : Street furniture, cable and wire external installations, street signs MAP 3
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14 November 2005
12
6
Training in Cyprus, 7 - 14
Lefkara, Cyprus – Nov. 2005 – Map 3
November 2005
13
7
Faรงades of Pano Lefkara
Lefkara, Cyprus 14 November 2005
Streets
Balconies
Doors
Windows
Typologies
Colors and renderings
Cornice
Lefkara project
Facades
A
D
B C
E
Recommendations The strategic vision
To find and to characterize the identity of each focal space – A, B, C, D, E
To find and to characterize the identity of each linear space between the focal points
A
D
B C
E
A
D
B C
E
A
D
B C
E
RehabiMed 14 Nov 2005
Group 4 Squares and Pavements Rehabilitation Proposals
Bassem MOUAD – Fandi Waked – Marianne Safai – Nessreen Tourky – Omar al-Ghul
Task • Rehabilitation proposals for squares and pavements.
Squares and allais
Squares
Squares
Squares
Squares • Providing the squares with the needed: • Infrastructure: – Canalisation and sewage systems and gutters, which would drive rain water away from the structures surrounding the square. – Removal of the asphalt parts of the square.
Pavements & allais
Pavements & allais
Pavements & allais
Recommendations
Recommendations
Recommendations
Recommendations •
The square can be used as an point, where people can meet and interact, in connection with the ceremonies held at the Church, or independent from that. • For this purpose the square can be furnished with the following: • Urban furniture: Movable green containers direct and indirect lighting garbage containers The erecting of a fountain or some other similar structure that express the identity of Lefkara would enhance the attraction of the square. Purchase of the neglected piece of land adjacent of the square from the East and integration of it in the square.
REHABILITATION OF THE SITE OF LEFKARA GROUP no:5 ZIAD -LEBANON ANTONIOS - LEBANON IYAD -PALESTINE ISSAM- EGYPT
STREET FURNITURE
STREET FURNITURE ELEMENTS: • • • • • • • • • •
BENCHES LIGHTING GARBAGE & TRASH CANS SIGNALS-TRAFFIC SIGNS: MAPS – STREET/HOUSES no and names PLANTERS WATER DRAINAGE & SPOUTS WATER & ELECTRICITY COUNTERS WATER TANKS SPRINGS AND OVENS POST
Plan showing the difference between the paved and asphalted areas
Benches:
Lighting:
Garbage and Trash Cans
Signals
Waterelectricity counters And water spouts
Tanks
Springs and Ovens:
Planters
Movable street furniture
Cats:
RehabiMed training course. REHABILITATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE Lefkosia, Cyprus from 7 to 14 November 2005
Diagnosis and interventions on faรงades.
Aristidou & Eschiliou St., Nicosia, Cyprus
1
N
1st Floor Plan
N
Ground floor plan
Uses
Incompatibility between facades.
Neo-classical elements.
Simple and unpretentious.
North facade
Reflection of the owner’s wealth.
Kiosk (typical ottoman influence).
West (main) facade
Blind surface.
South facade
N
2
North facade
North faรงade (detail)
3
North faรงade (entrance)
South facade
4
5
West (main) facade
6
West (main) facade
Hewn stone faรงade added on top of the original.
7
Hewn stone faรงade added on top of the original.
Wood framed kiosk with wooden corbels.
Cement floored balcony with newer corbels.
8
Relieving arches of previous phase appear on the added stone faรงade.
Ground level stores.
9
Shops interiors (completely altered).
10
(Desperately) asking neighbors for information...
Try again.
When ?!?
Around 1925 1965+1890!@#%=1420!!!
???
11
12
This programme is financed by the European Union
Ministry of Communications and Works Department of Antiquities of Cyprus
E C O L E D’AVIGNON