Position Paper on Hydrogen Economy

Page 74

POSITION PAPER ON HYDROGEN ECONOMY

3.3.3

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) system is a bioenergy converter that utilises bacteria to generate electricity through a bacterial metabolic pathway. In an MFC, bacteria are put in an oxygen- free anolyte compartment together with a suitable carbon source, while the catholyte acts as an electron sink. The high electronegativity at the cathode relative to the anode attracts the bacteria in the anode compartment to transfer electrons outside their cell and pass it to the anode electrode, which acts as an electron acceptor. These bacteria are known as exoelectrogens and could transfer electrons to an anode electrode via direct electron transfer and mediated electron transfer. When oxygen and other anaerobic electron acceptors exist in the anolyte, electricity generation in the MFCs will be impacted. Further studies on the optimisation of the MFC configuration is required to lower the overpotential of large scale MFCs. Preferred materials ranging from carbon to metal, are used to modify and fabricate electrodes to improve power generation. Another challenge is the comparatively lower power production compared to the precious metal abiotic cathodes such as Pt. Useful by-products conjugated with concurrent waste removal and bioelectricity production of biocathodes are promising and worth being further explored as well.

Figure 46: Schematics of a Microbial Fuel Cells

54


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REFERENCES

8min
pages 131-139

5.0 CONCLUSIONS

1min
page 130

Figure 61: 8i Ecosystem Analysis (ASM, 2020

1min
page 120

Figure 59: National Niche Areas across 10 socio-economic drivers (ASM, 2020

1min
page 118

Figure 58: 10-10 MySTIE Framework (source: ASM (2020

1min
page 117

4.3 13th & 14th Malaysia Plans 2026-2035 (Medium Term

5min
pages 105-110

4.4 15th, 16th, 17th & 18th Malaysia Plans 2036-2050 (Long Term

3min
pages 111-115

4.2 12th Malaysia Plan 2021-2025 (Short Term

4min
pages 101-104

Figure 56: Hydrogen Roadmap in 2020

1min
page 100

4.1.4 Strategy Recommendations - Hydrogen Economy Roadmap 2020

2min
pages 98-99

4.1.3 Barriers of Transition to Hydrogen Economy

2min
page 97

4.1.2 Potential for Malaysia to become a pioneering country in Hydrogen Economy

2min
page 96

4.1.1 Malaysian Hydrogen Economy Roadmap

2min
page 95

Figure 54: Average Solar Irradiance, kWh/m2/day

1min
page 84

Figure 52: Number of NGV Stations by States

3min
pages 81-82

Figure 55: Malaysia’s Hydrogen Roadmap 2006

9min
pages 87-93

Figure 53: Solar Irradiance Map of Malaysia

1min
page 83

Figure 50: Map of Hydrogen Refueling Stations in Asia

4min
pages 78-79

Figure 49: Cost of Green Hydrogen from Zero Carbon Renewable Energy

1min
page 76

Figure 46: Schematic of a Microbial Fuel Cell

1min
page 74

Figure 42: Hydrogen Production from Microbial Electrolysis Cell

5min
pages 69-70

Figure 44: Schematics of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

1min
page 72

Figure 41: Hydrogen Production from Direct and Indirect Bio-photolysis

1min
page 68

Figure 45: Schematics of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

2min
page 73

Figure 40: Basic Principles of PEC

1min
page 67

Figure 39: Layout of a Solid Oxide Electrolysis System

1min
page 66

Figure 38: Schematic Diagram of a PEM electrolysis system

1min
page 65

1. INTRODUCTION

5min
pages 22-25

Figure 22: Net Energy Metering (NEM) by Region

1min
page 42

Figure 35: Layout of alkaline electrolysis for AEL

1min
page 63

Figure 18: Malaysia’s petroleum production and consumption 2002-1016 (thousand barrels per day

1min
page 39

Figure 15: ASEAN Fossil Oil Reserve 2017 (Mtoe

1min
page 37

Figure 31: The Hydrogen Economy

1min
page 53

Figure 19: Natural gas resources and consumption by region, 2013

1min
page 40

3.2 Hydrogen Production and Storage Technology

1min
page 56
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