Report on Tall Buildings/Sky Scrapper

CONTENT • EVOLUTION • CORE • ELEVATOR • ESCALATOR • STRUCTURE • LOAD • WIND • PARKING • HVAC SYSTEM • FIRE DETECTION AND BNBC • BNBC • CASE STUDY I. II. III. IV.

ATLAS RANKS PLAZA BCIC BHABAN SHAGHAI TOWER PETRONUS TOWER

CORE A CORE IS A VERTICAL SPACE USED FOR CIRCULATION AND SERVICES. IT MAY ALSO BE REFERRED TO AS A CIRCULATION CORE OR SERVICE CORE. A CORE ALLOWS PEOPLE TO MOVE BETWEEN THE FLOORS OF A BUILDING, AND DISTRIBUTES SERVICES EFFICIENTLY TO THE FLOORS.

Contains: • • • • • • • • •

ELEVATOR SHAFTS ELEVATOR Lobbies STAIRCASES FIRE PROTECTED LOBBIES TOILETS ANCILLARY ROOMS eg.

PANTRY,SPACE FOR CLEANING MATERIAL RISER DUCTS M&E SERVICES PLANT WALLS

THE PLACEMENT OF THE SERVICES CORE STEMS FROM FOUR GENERIC TYPES

Landmark Tower, Yokohama

Mitsui Marine Insurance, Nagoya IBM Headquarters,Tokyo

CORE

CORE TRANSITION

TENANT DISTRIBUTION

Slender ratio for tower maximum is 1:10 or 1:12

HIGHEST COOLING LOAD

LOWEST COOLING LOAD

DESIGN SYSTEM SHOULD AVOID THE HIGHEST COOLING LOAD

CORE TO GLASS DEPTH AND ITS EFFICIENCY

CORE M & E SERVICES

THE SERVICE CORE PROVIDES MEANS OF ACCOMODATING VERTICAL M&E SERVICES RUNS, SUCH AS • • • • •

DUCT RISERS MECHANICAL PIPE RISES HYDRAULIC STACKS ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATIONS CABLING AIR HANDLING UNIT (A.H.U)

TOILETS IN THE EVENT OF SINGLE OCCUPANCY OF THE FLOOR PLATE ENTRY TO THE TOILETS MIGHT BE ORGANISED SO THAT USERS ARE ABLE TO ACCESS THEM WITHOUT GOING THROUGH THE ELEVATOR LOBBY

CORE

ELEVATOR

TYPOLOGY Major Types of elevator a. Hydraulic elevator:

Definition

elevator

1.powered

2.energy is applied by a liquid under pressure in a cylinder equipped with a plunger or piston.

advantage

disadvantage

1.

efficient, safer, and friendlier to the environment.

2. Does not require brakes, 3. Can use very small motor to pump fluid .

4. Very powerful

1.

if there is a catastrophic oil line failure (it has happened) the elevator will drop uncontrolled 2. limited to about 6 or 7 floors max.

b. Electric elevator:

1.energy is applied by electric driving machine .

2.used in tall buildings

1.Electric elevators consume less energy than hydraulic elevators.

2.no. of floors are not limited

Failure of electricity creates panic .

•Capsule lift:

similar to electric elevator.

Machine room is not essential

largest version of electric elevator.

Hydraulic elevator

Electric elevator

Capsule lift

CAR ARRANGEM ENT:

ELEVATOR

Lobby depth

STANDARDS

Firefighter elevators

Are used for fire safety

help firefighters to get to the fire and to permit people evacuation

elevator landing must be min. 5m² wide for a gurney to be brought out of the elevator.

Freight elevator

Is designed to carry goods.

capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator, generally from 2,300 to 4,500 kg.

required to display a written notice in the car that the passengers are prohibited.

Capacity (lb)

Passe Width, Depth Clear Clear ngers w ,D width depth , .w’ D’

Doors clear openings ,o

Over head

Max. rise

1500

10

5’-0”

4’-6”

6’-8”

4’-11”

2’-8”

10’-9”

29’

2000

13

6’-4”

4’-5”

7’-8”

4’-10”

3’-0”

11’-0”

41’

2500

16

7’-0”

5’-0”

8’-4”

5’-5”

3’-6”

11’-3”

42’

3000

20

7’-0”

5’-6”

8’-4”

5’-11”

3’-6”

11’-3”

42’

3500

23

7’-0”

6’-2”

8’-4”

6’-7”

3’-6”

11’-3”

42’

4000

26

8’-0”

6’-2”

9’-4”

6’-7”

4’-0”

11’-3”

42’

The number of LIFT PxtxHC N= 300x100xq

•1.10m wide by 1.40m deep with the door entry at least 800mm wide •minimum loading capacity is regulated at 630kg.

3.125’3.9’ZZZ

Height of call button= .8-1.2m According to BNBC= 3.12’- 3.9’

ESCALATOR COMPONENTS OF ESCALATOR •

Top and Bottom Landing Platforms

•

The Tracks

•

The Steps

•

The Handrail

•

Anti-slide devices

•

Complete impact switches

•

Deflector brush

•

Emergency Stop button

•

Extended balustrades

•

Flat steps

•

Handrail inlet switches

STANDARDS FOR ESCALATOR • Speed is usually 90 or 120 fpm • Standard widths are 32 to 48 in. between handrails.

• A 32-in. escalator operating at 90 fpm can transport between 5000 and 8000 persons per hour.

• A 48-in. escalator operating at 120 fpm can transport as many as 10000 persons per hour.

• The maximum angle of inclination of an escalator to the horizontal floor level is 30 degrees with a standard rise up to about 60 feet (18 m).

TYPES OF ARRNGEMENT:

• PARRALLAL • CRISSCROSS

GENERATOR ROOM

WATER PUMP

GENERATOR

PLACE FOR AC EQUIPMENT

STAIR

FIRE EQUIPMENT

CASE STUDY SHANGHAI TOWER SCULPTED FOR EFFICIENCY The wind tunnel test is used to find the most beneficial scaling factor of about 55% and rotation at 120°, which is account for the 24% savings of the wind load working on the structure.

TECHNICAL INNOVATION The concrete core acts with outriggers and super columns are the advances science of super-high rises.

VERTICAL COMMUNITY Shanghai tower embodies a new concept of super-tall building by emphasizing public spaces at the atrium levels.

SUSTAINABLE ACIEVEMENTS There are two lays of skin wrapping the entire building. The atriums created by the skins features as an insulation which keep the temperature stable.

General information Status: Topped-out Location: Lujiazui, Pudong,Shanghai Architectural: 632 m (2,073 ft) FIRM: Gensler Architect: Marshal Strabala, Jun Zia and Aurthur Gensler Floor count: 121 Floor area: 380,000 m2 (4,090,300 sf ) above

CASE STUDY

PLAN DETAIL

SHANGHAI TOWER

MAIN STRUCTURE ONE STORY RADIAL TRUUS TWO STOERY OUTRIGGER TRUSS

CORE WALL DIAGONAL CORNER COLUMN

SUPER COLUMN

INNER CYLINDICAL TOWER • CORE • OUTRIGGERS • MEGA FRAME: SUPER BELT TRUSS COLUMN SYSTEM AND BELT TRUSS

BUILDING SYSTEM

CASE STUDY SSH HA AN NG GH HA AII TTO OW WEERR

CORE

CASE STUDY ZONE 1 AND BASEMENT CORE

CAR ARRANGEMENT

STRUCTURAL FEATURE Inner Cylindrical Tower MEGA FRAME

CASE STUDY SHANGHAI TOWER

Super column System: two at each end of each orthonormal axis four diagonal super columns along each 45-degree axis

SECTION OF THE SUPER COLUMN

1-6 ZONE

7-8 ZONE

Type A: The Joint of Outrigger to Super-column

CONNECTION DESCRIPTION • Complexity of stress state.

• Connections should be broken after the destructiveness of members • Different connections have different design criteria, according to the variation of structure members.

Outrigger Double stories In the steel section of the super columns, there are perpendicular cross ribs that align with belt trusses

TECHNICAL FEATURES • The chords of outrigger truss • Gusset plates, 120mm thickness, Q390GJC steel • The steel reinforced dual web of the super-column • The belts trusses Radical Outrigger One story Technical Feactures • Since there exist large member force of the chords in the belt trusses, there are large quantity of the bolts, and super length of the bolts set.

Type B: The Long Bolt Joint of the Belt Truss

CASE STUDY SHANGHAI TOWER

Type C: The Detail of Interior Curtain Wall

LOADING ANALYSIS

Type D: The Detail of Exterior Curtain Wall

Tower Top • Vertical fin-like truss • Two-way truss • Octagonal steel frame bracing system

CASE STUDY GRAVITY LOAD TRANSFER PATH THE MEGA FRAME TUBE OF COLUMN

SHEAR

MOMENT

50%

50%

TENSION

DEFLECTION

LATERAL LOAD TRANSFER STRUCTURE COMPONENT

SHEAR FORCE

OVERTURNING MOMENT

THE MEGA FRAME

47%

76%

TUBE OF COLUMN

53%

24%

Multi-frame Analysis Building resist to Lateral loads through 3 layers of structure, they transfer wind and seismic load one by one, from inside to outside.

The Supper core is the first layer of Resistance.

The double belt truss and super column are the second layer of Resistance.

The outriggers and radial trusses are the third layer.

The tuned mass damper

PHOTO GALLERY

CASE STUDY SHANGHAI TOWER

THANK

YOU

THANK YOU