Sahakar Nagar- Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur. Understanding the City CEPT Ahmedabad

Sahakar Nagar Nagpur City PORTFOLIO PUH 20075 Ashwini Paliwal Monsoon 2020 Understanding the City

Preface CEPT University I Understanding the City I Monsoon 2020

Nagpur is the third largest city in the state of Maharashtra and is popularly known as the Orange City. With its location in the eastern part of the state, it is the geographical centre of India. Since ages, it has been a city of cultural and political importance. There are many aspects to Nagpur city that indicate that the city is growing in terms of business, education, industry, manufacturing and research.Nagpur is already the 11th most competitive city for investment and has got an advantageous geographical location.

With the increase in population, propelled by manufacturing and service industries in and around Nagpur, there is a huge demand for urban infrastructure in the city including housing, commercial and social infrastructure. The city of Nagpur is taking sturdy steps towards growth and development. For the city to implement proper development, it is important that the previous developments are understood. The portfolio is a compilation of studies focusing on the newly developing and expanding southwest part of the city namely Sahakar nagar. The parameters contributing to the spatial and infrastructural development such historical evolution, street network and land use along with built form development are the primary focus of the study.

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01.

02.

04.

About Nagpur City 1.1 Historical Background and Evolution.

1.2 A Mono-Centric Model City.

1.3 Connectivity within the CIty. 1.4 Infrastructure and Basic Services.

People of Nagpur and their Choices

05.

2.1 Housing.

2.2 Jobs 2.3Transport.

03.

Sahakar Nagar A Residential Neghborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur.

06.

Connectivity in Sahakar Nagar 4.1 Road Heirarchy and Mix Street Pattern.

4.2 Characteristics of the Streets.

Sahakar Nagar and Other precincts in Urban Fringes of Nagpur City.

Reflections and Conclusions.

3.1 The New face to Sahakar Nagar.

3.2 Location Choice and Affordability.

3.3 Conversion of Land Use. 3.4 Demand for Residential Floor Space.

3.5 Path of Development.

3.6 Impact of Increasing FSI.

Table of Contents 4

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

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01. About Nagpur City 218 Sq.Km. Spatial Extent

Orange City of India.

24.05 Lakhs

Tiger Capital of India.

Population

Wet and Dry Climate

Nagpur Municipal Corporation Governing Body

01.

About Nagpur City 6

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Historical Background and Evolution.

A Mono-Centric Model City.

Connectivity within the City.

Infrastructure and Basic Services.

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Winter Capital of Maharashtra.

Geographical Centre of India.

3rd Largest City of Maharashtra.

13th Largest City of India.

Map of Nagpur City

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1.1 Historical Background and Evolution Spatial Transformation of Nagpur

Map showing spatial extent of Nagpur in year 2000

Map showing spatial extent of Nagpur in year 2010

Map showing spatial extent of Nagpur in year 2014

Map showing spatial extent of Nagpur in year 2020

Genesis and Transformation of Nagpur The genesis of the city of Nagpur starts from the year 1702. The foundation stone was laid by the gond king Bhakt Buland Shah along the banks of river nag. It was formerly known as Barasa which consisted of 12 villages that came together andformed the city. It then transformed to being the most important city of the province it was under; because of its central location and its evolution as a major centre for trade and commerce.

Found by Gond King Bhakt Buland shah along the banks of River Nag

Came under the power of British Central government

1817 Systematic town planning was planned by Chand Sultan

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1877 Great Indian Peninsular (GIP) railway’s new route constructed between Bombay and Nagpur

Post-independence became the second capital of Maharashtra

Railway station was established

1925

Sir Patrick Geddes prepared a planning draft for the city.

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Development Plan Zoning regulations Development schemes

1964

1943

1915

1870

1706 1702

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION led to establishment of mills

This was achieved by the execution of a well planned road network which came into existence after the Nagpur road plan conference in 1943. The major roads within the city were branching out from the central part which was the core of the trade and commerce activities. Establishment of industries on the periphery of the city was thus possible as the road network made the trips from the core of the city to the industrial area easier and convenient.

1956 Nagpur road plan Highway development and planning Road network

NMRDA City improvementschemes Housing schemes

2007

1976 Vidharbha Industrial association Development of industries Rapid Industrialization

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2014

2005

MIHAN and SEZ Multi modal international Hub and airport.

Special economic zone.

NMRCL Nagpur metro rail project

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1.3 Connectivity within City.

1.2 A Mono-Centric Model City.

Three National Highways pass through the city

CBD at the Core of the city- Sitabuldi Strong high density centre with high concentration of jobs and commercial area.

Sub CBD around the central core Sadar, Ramdaspeth, Dharampeth

Industrial area outside the city Butibori, MIHAN, Koradi

NH6- Kolkata to Hajira NH7 - Varanasi to Kanyakumari NH69 - To Bhopal

Distinct Ring Radial Pattern with two ring roads namely Outer and inner ring road

Residential area is spread around the CBD and Sub-CBD which promotes a radial movement within the City

Commercial centres Industrial centres

Sub-arterial

Old City

Arterial

Major Arterial roads passing through and intersecting at the centre of the City.

Map of Nagpr City showing commercial and Industrial centres 10

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Sub-Arterial roads branching out from the centre of the City.

Map of Nagpr City showing Road Network

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1.4 Infrastructure and Basic Services.

Water Supply, Treatment and Distribution.

Total water supply connections in Nagpur

NAGPUR

Gorewada lake

Nagpur city, is presently getting water for from two major sources namely Kanhan River & Pench Dam Kanhan Water Supply Scheme was commissioned in four phases during the years 1940 to 1970.

The first phase capacity in 1940 was 27.3Mld which was augmented to 63.6MLD in 1954. The capacity was further augmented to 86 MLD in 1966 and finally to 109 MLD in 1970. Present supply from this source is @ 109 to 120 Mld. Pench-I, Pench-II & Pench–III Schemes were commissioned in 1982, 1984, and 2003 respectively. Pench–IV scheme is currently under implementation and was expected to be completed by 2011.

Pench dam

3% 2%

Kanhan river

95% Old gorewada WTP

Pench 1 WTP

Pench 2 WTP

Kanhan water works WTP

Pench 3 WTP

Domestic

Non- Domestic

Public Stand Post

Break-up of metered and non-metered connections in Nagpur Supplies to GSR at seminary hills

Government house MBR

Seminary hills MBR

37% 18 ESR’s located at north and east Nagpur

43ESR’s located at Nagpur

553 MLD

Total Water Supply

229 LPCD

Per Capita Water Supply

63%

Metered

Non-metered

At present the treated water which is fed into the distribution system is 229 LPCD, but due to various loses only 100-110 LPCD reaches at consumer end Map showing Water sources of Nagpur City

Pench Dam & Kanhan River Gorewada lake

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Pench WTP GorewadaWTP

Master Balancing Reservoir Seminary Hills

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Elevated Service Reservoir Gayatri Nagar

Zonal Service Reservoir Laxmi Nagar

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Distribution Network Appartments Houses

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Dumping Site and Waste Water Treatment Plant at Bhandewadi

Solid Waste management in Nagpur Mass Balancing Diagram 800 tonnes/day Waste generated

800tonnes/day Waste collected

750tonnes/day Waste transported

550tonnes/day Waste Processed

Households Hotels Restaurants Commercials Street sweeping Hospitals Colleges

Door to door collection.

65 collection points 06 trasnfer stations

90ton recyclable waste collected by labour and 160 reusable goes to Bhandewadi

Post treatment 248 TPD refuse waste along with 99 TPD residue is left over. Dumped into the scientific landfill site

Generation of Solid waste

Ashi Nagar Mangalwari

ra

jipu

Ga n

an Satr

dh

Dharampeth

Lakadganj

iba

Figure 1 : Bin-Free city implementation

ug

Figure 1 : Bahndewadi Sewage treatment Plant at Nagpur.

Source : CDP Report, Nagpur.

Source : Primary Survey

Nehru nagar Laxmi nagar

Dhantoli

Hanuman nagar

800 Ton Solid Waste Generated

0.33Kg Map showing different zones in Nagpur City 14

Per Capita Solid Waste Generated

NMC implemented door-todoor waste collection scheme in all the 10 zones of Nagpur.

Kanak Resources Management Ltd. has taken up the task of primary collection of waste with the help of door-to-door collectors.

Complaints of neglected approach towards collection by households.

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Dumping Site First landfill site of an area 4 hectares is used for safe disposal of rejected waste or Inert waste.

Second landfill site of an area 3.50 hectares is used during emergency cases.

Third landfill site of an area 1.40 hectares is used for safe disposal of silt, debris and other waste.

Waste Water treatment plant Out of 525MLD waste water generated everyday in the city, currently only 130MLD gets treated and reused.

A new plant to treat almost 450 MLD per day has been proposed

Bhandewadi STP will treat and reuse 90% of waste water for industrial purposes and Nagpur will become India’s first city to do so CEPT University I Understanding the City I Monsoon 2020

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02.

People of Nagpur & their Choices 16

2.1 Jobs.

2.2 Housing.

2.3 Transport.

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2.1 Jobs.

Trade based economy generation

Nagpur witnesses out migrants in the service sector because of the lack of priority given to it which holds back the economic growth Biggest market of Teak wood in India Industries Butibori, MIDC Sez and MIHAN Goverment Jobs

Large and Medium scale Enterprises.

Orange Based Industries .

Sitabuldi market is the major commercial market area.

Itwari, Mahal areas also host large number of small businesses.

Kalamna is one of the largest wholesale markets for oranges and grains in Asia

“Mr. Abhay, an engineer who pursued his masters degree, wanted to shift back to Nagpur to stay with his family, as he is a single child to his parents. But he had to trade off by opting a job in Pune because their were no Jobs available for him in the city.”

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40%

8.4lakhs

30%

Total Workers

Female Male

20% 10%

35%

0%

Work Population Ratio

District (urban) City(M.corp) Commercial centres

District (Urban)

Old City

Nagpur has been the main center of commerce in the Vidharbha region since early days and is an important trading location. The Butibori Industrial area is the largest in all of Asia in terms of area.The Hingna industrial estate located on the western fringes of the city is made up of around 900 small and medium industrial units.

WPR Female

Work force participation rate by gender In Nagpur

Industrial centres

Map showing different Economic Centres in Nagpur City

54%

Ward

City Urban (M.Corp)

16%

WPR Female

10,447

Total Workers in Sahakar nagar

Ward (003)

Main Workers

10,22,448

7,79,259

9,165

Marginal Workers

98.113

64,512

1,179

Total Workers

11,20,561

8,43,771

10,344

Cultivators

14,702

4,885

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Agricultural labourers

41,316

6,840

168

Household Industries

39,559

31,221

670

Other Workers

10,24,584

8,00,825

8,293

94.9% 3.70% 0.58% 0.82% Other Workers HH Industries Cultivator

Agriculturar Labour

Source : Censusu 2011

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2.2 Housing.

Slums became an Economical Settlement Option The concomitant labors which were attracted to Nagpur after it derived its base as an industrial city and mill city, choose slums as an option to accomodate in the city.

“Pratibha Tai and his husband who migrated to city in search of livelihood from their native place, were struggling to find a shelter for themselves and thus had to settle in a slum area. Her husband works in one of the MIDC industrial factories and she works as a maid”

6,55,447

94.56%

77.09%

65.33%

74.73%

31.9%

Total Housing Stock (Residential & Non Residential)

Percentage used as Residential

Owned Housing Stock

Per capita space for apartment is as good as 40sq.m which is sufficient for an average HH size of 4.5 “Mr. Patel, having an household size of 4 prefers staying in an apartment as it provides them with sufficient space in addition to which the building is looked after and maintained by everybody equally who stay in that scheme.”

HH with Household in the premises

HH with Water Supply

Slum Households

40

Sq.m.

Appartment Average Per Capita Space Consumed

Ramdaspeth, 1km away from the CBD has a property price above 1.5Cr with a carpet area of only 100sq.m where as a property worth rs.50L at the fringes of the city has carpet area 180q.m

Typology choice is intertwined between low rise plot and mid rise apartments.

“Mr. Gupta, an real estate agent throws a light on the apartments in the city. The newly developing apartment units provide a sense of safety and security and are bringing this culture of gated communities which is beneficial both for the people and the sector.”

“Pratibha tai and her husband whose income is 18000, were allotted the EWS housing unit by the government” “Mr.Anil, whose monthly income is 75000 prefers living in an apartment rather than a detached house, as he feels that is family is more secure and safe as there are people staying close to them and they can interact within the compounded walls.”

Source : Censusu 2011

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Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

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2.3 Transport.

Apli Bus Service is nor preffered to commute in Nagpur City.

Nagpur has a bus-based public transport system with a fleet size of 470 buses of varying capacities. The public transport system till 2007 was managed and operated by MSRTC in Nagpur. Under JNNURM, funding was made available for procurement of buses in the mission cities. Further, the public transport service function was taken over by NMC from MSRTC, and NMC procured buses under JNNURM for bus-based city transportation. The buses were procured in the year 2010 and handed over to Vansh Nimay Infraprojects Pvt. Ltd. (VNIL) for operating the public transportation in the city. NMC has formed company/SPV named Nagpur Mahanagar Parivahan Pvt. Ltd. (NMPL) for outsourcing O&M of public transport.

“Yogesh, a labour working on a construction site in the city, stays in a slum near to his workplace which is in range of 2km. At first he used to cover the distance on foot, but now as he is earning a fixed daily wage, he has bought a bicycle and now uses that to travel daily”

Jaripatka

Seminary Hills

Sadar

Gandhibagh Sitabuldi Dharampeth

Nandanvan

43% PT takes on average

Ajni

Laxmi Nagar

NMT Share

1.5times

times longer than Private mode

Chhatrapati Square

6%

PT share

Work Trip Mode Share

75% of the Vehicles Registered are Two Wheelers.

PT costs on average

Sahakar Nagar

0.7times

times more than Private mode

Origin

Boarding Point

Transfer

Destination

Schematic PT Route Map

Auto rickshaw fare for 2km distance is 55rs, within the city which is unmonitored “Mr.Tiwari , whose office is between Shivaji Nagar and Ajni, does not use the bus service because the stop nearest to work place is not directly connected with the route. He has to get down in between and use an autorickshaw further to reach his destination or he has to walk which is not preferable” Source : Censusu 2011

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Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Graph showing Vehicle Ownership

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It is observed that 2-Wheelers account for the largest chunk of registered vehicles accounting to up to 75.6% of the total vehicles registered in Nagpur followed by cars at 13.3%.

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03.

Sahakar Nagar A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City.

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3.1 The New face to Sahakar Nagar.

3.2 Location Choice and Affordability.

3.3 Conversion of land Use..

3.4 Demand for Residential Floor Space.

3.5 Path of development.

3.6 Impact of Increasing FSI

Sahakar Nagar

Map of Nagpur City Locating Sahakar Nagar in the South-West part of the city.

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

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03. Sahakar Nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City Locating Sahakar Nagar The study area namely Sahakar nagar falls in the South-West peripheral part of the city. In comparison to the other peripheral areas, the city has witnessed more expansion in the southwest part. Due to the limitations in development opportunities at the core of the city, people started moving away from the central part. Along with this, the growing population of the city noticed this area after the announcement of the MIHAN project which is near to the airport. Also, Sahakar nagar was preferred above the other peripheral residential areas of the city because of its connectivity factor as the metro station is 2.5km away along with its affordability.

The fabric is moderately dense with medium grain size.

The precinct is enclosed by a sub-arterial road and a ring road which provides a good connectivity to the precinct with the city.

21.3

sq.m Smallest Footprint Residential Slum

4015

sq.m Larget Footprint Residential Gated community

Precinct Boundary Plot Building Footprint

MIHAN hub

Centre-line Waterbody Vegetation Contours

Metro Station Sahakar nagar

Map of Nagpur City 26

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Base Map of Sahakar Nagar

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3.1 The New face to Sahakar Nagar.

3.2 Location Choice and Affordability.

Urban Transformation of the area The precinct within the span of 2005 to 2010 became more dense. The vacant lands in the area were developed following proper rules and regulations formulated by the NMRDA which was formed in 2007. To cater the growing need of the residents,a significant rise in the number of commercial and non-retail buildings was observed.In 2014, NMRCL proposed metro rail for the city. A major metro station was planned at the adjacent major node of the precinct.

Execution of the metro project had increased the FSI because of which mixed use development started happening in the area. First high rise in the area was constructed in 2014 which stands as a unique structure which now acts as a landmark in the area. Overall the fabric is dominated by G+3 structures and thus the only high rise helps in breaking the monotony of the skyline of the area.The rise in demand of residential buildings along with the involvement of government authorities with regulated rules and regulations has helped the area build its new character in the city.

2005

2010

2015

2020

Residential development paced up along the inner ringroad constructed.

High rise development began in the area.

Increase and availability of more FSI

Due to the limitations in development opportunities at the core of the city, people started moving away from the central part towards the fringes of the city. As land prices soar high near the core areas of the city, capital investments per unit area of land increases creating an economic rationale for multi-storied residential units in the fringes.

Road infrastructure developed by NMRDA. Commercial buildings constructed

Road infrastructure developing because of Metro.

Change in skyline beacause of increasing FSI

Map of Nagpur City showing various Land Prices in the City

Source : Google Earth

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Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

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3.3 Conversion of Land Use.

3.4 Demand for Residential Floor Space.

Change in Local Setting

Residential Dominance in Sahakar Nagar

85%

Residential

The Development plan proposed(Nagpur Improvement Trust 1986) was planned keeping in mind the growing population. The growing population did not respond to the proposed plan as the rate of increase of population per year was much more than it was expected. In the last decade (1991-2001), about 46 percent of population growth was due to immigration.

Map showing Building use in Sahakar Nagar

Development Plan (1986-2011)

Residential Institutional Industrial Non- retail Retail Religious Recreational Transport Monument Defunct Public Utilities Under-construction

With growing population of the city and the conversion and addition of land for residential use, Sahakar nagar became dominated by residential use with 85% of the buildings having their primary use as residential. The dominance of apartment typology with 90% is the major reason that the area was able to fulfill this demand of residential floor space as the apartments accommodate multiple dwelling units.

60%

Residential

Residential Institutional Industrial Non- retail Retail Religious Recreational Transport Monument Defunct Public Utilities Under-construction

Considering upcoming development projects and investments, the economic growth rate of Nagpur will increase along with population growth rate. Thus a revised development plan was proposed in 2000. Changes in the land use were proposed amongst which one was the conversion of reserved land for public spaces to residential. Vacant land adjacent to the area was allotted the residential use. Thus, 60% of the land use is residential and transformation of the local setting can be seen in the land use.

9140

8000

90%

Appartment

6000 4000 2000

Apartment Chawl Detached Semi-detached Rowhouse Non-residential

38

949

23

0 Apartment Rowhouse Detached

10,150

Total Dwelling Units

Semi detached

9,46,467

sq.m Residential Floor space

Map showing Building typology in Sahakar Nagar

Map showing Land use in Sahakar Nagar

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10000

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3.5 Path of Development.

3.6 Impact of Increasing FSI.

Introduction of New Regulations

Expansion in Sahakar Nagar

29% Built

71% Unbuilt

Built Plots

30%

20%

Setbacks Vacant & Private Open

13%

Open Spaces

8%

Transport

Map Showing Figure Ground in Sahakar Nagar 0 0.1 – 1.0

1.1 – 2.0 2.1 – 3.0

0.9

Gross FSI 3D view of Sahakar Nagar

25% Public

74% Private

Public Private Map showing Land ownership in Sahakar Nagar

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The area has 71% of the unbuilt area.

33% of it is vacant out of which 26% comes under public use which is governed by the authorities. With the area being dominated by residential use, the scope of development can be commercial and recreational which can bring a balance to the area. The fact that people still have to travel to the centre of the city for their commercial needs and their recreational activities speaks a lot about the requirement of these kinds of developments.

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

3.1 – 4.0 4.1 – 5.0

5.1 – 6.0

1.6

Net FSI

Map Showing Plot wise FSI in Sahakar Nagar

Changing Skyline of Sahakar Nagar

Permissible FSI of 2 was levied on the area along with development regulations which restricted the increase in height. After the proposal of metro and new TDR regulations, the permissible FSI is now 4 because of which the first high rise building was constructed in the area. Addition of this building added a unique character to the skyline of Sahakar nagar as previously the area was dominated by G+3 to G+4 structures.

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04.

Connectivity in Sahakar Nagar 34

4.1 Road Heirarchy and Mix street Pattern.

4.2 Characteristics of the Streets.

Sahakar Nagar Map Showing Road Network of Nagpur City

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4.1 Road Heirarchy and Mix Streets pattern.

High Street Density with Mix street patterns

31.9 km/km Sq. Street Density

26%

of Precinct covered by roads Irergular and Regular grids

Arterial Sub-Arterial Collector Local Map Showing Road Heirarchy of Sahakar Nagar

Good Network Connectivity within the Precinct

The inner ring road which is also one of the major arterial roads of the city caters the major traffic flow from the Sahakar Nagar and connects it to the remaining parts of the city. The sub-arterial road namely pratap nagar road and the collector road in the area carry traffic from the area to the city by delivering it to the ring road. Despite these being the major roads with a significant importance, 98% of the streets are local streets primarily allowing the traffic to access the buildings, which dominate the area. If we analyze the pattern in which these hierarchy of roads is spreading within the area, it is a combination of multiple patterns such as regular/ grid pattern and irregular pattern of streets.

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Sub-Arterial & Collector Road

0.56%

1.12 %

Distributes traffic from precinct to the city level network

Connected node ratio

1.18

Link node ratio

Dead-ends 2 3 4 5 and Above

Map Showing Network Connectivity of Sahakar Nagar

Disappoints in connecting Sahakar Nagar to City level.

Sahakar Nagar is Dominated by Local roads

Arterial Road Inner ring road which connects precinct to the city level

0.78

The presence of irregular patterns resulted in a moderate number of dead ends in the central part of the area. These dead ends are majorly a part of the local streets and thus the interconnectivity of the local streets with the collector or sub-arterial roads is hampered. The arterial to sub-arterial and collector connected node ratio is way greater than the sub-arterial and collector to local connected node ratio. Even though the overall connected and link node ratio state that the area has good network connectivity, if we compare them amongst themselves, the dont satisfy the standard values.Thus it can be stated that the network dosent not satisy in connecting the area to City level network.

Local Road

Serving access to the building units in the precinct

98%

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Arterial, Local Sub arterial & Collector

0.78

Connected node ratio

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Arterial to Sub arterial & Collector

0.16

Connected node ratio

Sub-Arterial & Collector to Local

0.05

Connected Node ratio 37

4.2 Characteristics of the Streets.

Variation in Walkability because of the mix patterns.

Poor pedestrian facilities even along the major spines.

161.6m

Lowest block perimeter

1792.1m

Highest block perimeter

394.7m

Average Block Perimeter

Less than 200m 200-400m 400-600m 600-1000m Above 1000m

Variations in this connectivity with different patterns also have a direct impact on walkability within the precinct. As discussed above the area of Sahakar nagar is having multiple street patterns. Presence of these multiple patterns results in variation of distance to be covered from two different places if we consider a common point. The resident who has to travel from the area which has irregular street patterns will have to cover more distance in comparison with the person who has to cover the distance from the area which has regular street pattern. This adds on the travelling time of a person and directly affects the walkability within the area

Map Showing Block Perimeter of Sahakar Nagar

0.5%

of precinct roads have foothpaths No footpath 1.8m and above Less than 1.2m 1.2 – less than 1.8m

Map Showing Footpath availability in Sahakar Nagar

For a good walkability in the area, the pedestrian facilities need to be maintained properly. Out of all the roads present in the area, only 0.5% of the roads have footpath facilities. The commercial shops present along the major roads encroach the footpaths and thus result in uneven area on the footpaths.

The right of way which is the of major spines are not broad enough to cater the traffic flow in addition to which poorly maintained footpaths make them more chaotic. Such basic pedestrian facilities are not developed along the road. Absence of parking spaces forces people to park their vehicles on the shoulder area which creates an obstruction. Absence of medians on the carriageway further creates more chaos and traffic congestion.

Absence of median creates chaos and traffic congestion.

Green patch along the road is not developed properly.

82%

Section of Ring road (ROW 24m)

of streets have ROW less than 9m

Less than 9m 25 - 36m

Vehicles parked along footpath create an obstruction.

10 - 18m 37 – 60m 19 – 24m Above 60m

Map Showing Right of way of Sahakar Nagar

Even though it is one of the major roads of the city, it is not developed properly.

Figure 3 : Condition of the Streets

Section of Pratap Nagar road (ROW 24m)

Source : Primary Survey

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Faras

Wathoda

05.

Sahakar Nagar & other precincts in Urban Fringes of Nagpur City 40

Sahakar Nagar

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

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Manish Nagar

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Land Ownership

Building Typology

Built - Use

Sahakar Nagar

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Residential Institutional Industrial Non- retail Retail Religious Recreational Transport Monument Defunct Public Utilities Under-construction

Apartment Chawl Detached Semi-detached Rowhouse Non-residential

Faras

Wathoda

Inferences

85%

95%

87%

87%

9,46,467

6,67,447

6,46,212

5,66,467

Residential

sq.m Residential Floor space

Residential

sq.m Residential Floor space

Residential

sq.m Residential Floor space

Residential

sq.m Residential Floor space

90%

68%

41%

Row House

Detached

10,150

3,797

7,097

3,112

25%

18%

30%

26%

75%

82%

70%

74%

Appartment

Total Dwelling Units

Public

Public Private

Manish Nagar

Private

Appartment

Total Dwelling Units

Public

Private

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Total Dwelling Units

Public

Private

CEPT University I Understanding the City I Monsoon 2020

76%

Total Dwelling Units

Public

Private

As Nagpur is MonoCentric model with its CBD at centre, all the neighborhoods in the fringes are Residential dominant.

With more Expansion in South-west part because of the Increasing demand of Residential floor space Sahakar Nagar and Manish nagar have appartment as a dominant built typology

The availability of public land is less in all the neighborhoods.

43

Network Connectivity

Road heirarchy

Sahakar Nagar

Dead-ends 2 3 4 5 and Above

Network Accessibility 44

Inferences

29.4

33.2

36.8

Street Density

Street Density

Street Density

Street Density

98%

86%

95%

98%

Local roads

km/km Sq.

Local roads

km/km Sq.

Local roads

km/km Sq.

Local roads

0.78

0.89

0.85

0.86

1.18

1.56

1.41

1.19

103m

101m

83m

2410m

2593m

Connected node ratio

Link node ratio

161.6m

Less than 200m 200-400m 400-600m 600-1000m Above 1000m

Faras

Wathoda

31.9

km/km Sq.

Arterial Sub-Arterial Collector Local Railway Line

Manish Nagar

Connected node ratio

Link node ratio

Lowest block perimeter

Lowest block perimeter

1792.1m

1213m

Highest block perimeter

394.7m

Average Block Perimeter

Connected node ratio

Link node ratio

Lowest block perimeter

Highest block perimeter

Highest block perimeter

371m

382m

Average Block Perimeter

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Average Block Perimeter

CEPT University I Understanding the City I Monsoon 2020

Connected node ratio

Link node ratio

The neighboorhoods have high street density with Local roads dominance.

The neighboorhoods satisfy the standard values of CNR and LNR but the lack of planning and irregular street patterns result in number of dead ends, which hamper the interconnectivity.

Lowest block perimeter

Highest block perimeter

299m

Average Block Perimeter

All the neighorhoods have a suitable average block perimeter which make them walkable.

45

06.

Reflections & Conclusions 46

Every city we live in has a different and unique character which can be decoded by analysing its urban form and pattern. Along with this, the residents of the city portray the essence of its character. Studying the factors related to this urban form and built structure help us understand the present scenario of the city. The city of Nagpur being a developing city is still witnessing shifts in the development pattern. The city was established as a major emerging industrial area and started expanding outwards. Because of this, with changing times the central part of the city became the CBD and residential areas started growing outwards from the centre. The ever increasing market value at the central part of the city clearly indicates that the further development will take place along the peripheral parts of the city. However, even though the area is newly established and developed part of the city the condition of the streets and the pedesetrain facilities is not looked after properly. This is a pressing issue which needs to be focused on. The newly proposed projects by the government authorities have added on to the existing built form of the area. the increasing FSI breaks the monotonous skyline of the area and surely will continue to evolve with time. By the finding s of the study conducted it can be stated that in the coming times, the city will witness a drastic change in its infrastructure and built form and this will give a new face and image to the city of Nagpur.

Sahakar nagar - A Residential Neighborhood in Urban Fringe of Nagpur City

Bahadure Sarika. (2015).Assessing Sustainability of Mixed Use Neighbourhoods through Residents’ Travel Behaviour and Perception: The Case of Nagpur, India Sustainability, 7(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su70912164 Balki Mrunali.(2005).Transformation of smaller cities as an advent of sprawling development and compacting core:change in urban life/ environment The 6th critical studies conference. http://www.mcrg.ac.in/6thCSC/6thCSC_Full_Papers/Mrunali_Zahra.pdf Nagpur improvement trust draft development report (2015) Nagpur metropolitan area development plan 2012-2032, 2-13, http://nitnagpur.org/pdf/Metro_Region_DP.pdf Mehta lokesh. (2019). Sustainability Assessment; Considering Metro Rail Transit System for Nagpur City. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, 4(6). http://ijies.net/finial-docs/finial-pdf/0905194617.pdf Vaikar Shripad (2013). Comprehensive mobility plan forNagpur 2013.

Nagpur improvement trust, 11-35, http://www.metrorailnagpur.com/pdf/Nagpur%20CMP%20Final%20 Report%20Dec%20 23,%202013.pdf

References CEPT University I Understanding the City I Monsoon 2020

D.S. Meshram (2011). Dynamic Growth of Cities and Tardy Plan Preparation and Approval Processes: A case study of the Development Plan, Nagpur.

Institute of Town Planners, India Journal 8 - 4, 1 - 20 http://www.itpi.org.in/files/oct1_11.pdf Development Control regulation 2000 for Nagpur City http://nitnagpur.org/pdf/dcr.pdf 47