Performance Specialties

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Introduction Ashland Specialty Ingredients, a commercial unit of Ashland Inc., is recognized as one of the best global specialty ingredients and formulations businesses in the world. We strive to exceed our customers’ expectations through a relentless focus on our customers and innovation and by helping our customers to solve and improve their formulations anywhere in the world.

Integral to the current success of our above-andbeyond efforts is Ashland’s exceptional technical service organization, which works directly with formulation and application scientists. We keep abreast of market trends to provide for our customers’ future needs.

With over 15,000 employees in more than 100 locations around the globe, Ashland serves industries such as adhesives, coatings, oilfield, digital printing, electronics, household, industrial and institutional (HI&I), metallurgy and plastics – as well as markets as diverse as pharmaceutical, agricultural, food, beverage and personal care. Our product family of over 20,000 SKUs, while sometimes representing a relatively small portion of customers’ product, generally constitute key ingredients in the end products in which they are used.

For more information, visit us at ashland.com.

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Manufacturing Facilities North America n Huntsville, Alabama n Wilmington, Delaware n Dalton, Georgia n Calvert City, Kentucky n Columbia, Maryland n Freetown, Massachusetts n Chatham, New Jersey n Parlin, New Jersey n Columbus, Ohio n Lima, Ohio n Kenedy, Texas n Texas City, Texas n Hopewell, Virginia Latin America n Cabreuva, Brazil Europe n Doel-Beveren, Belgium Asia Pacific n Jiangmen, China n Alizay, France n Nanjing, China n Sophia Antipolis, France n Luzhou, China (Joint Venture) n Marl, Germany n Suzhou, China (Joint Venture) n Horhausen, Germany n Memmingen, Germany n Zwijndrecht, Netherlands n Newton Aycliffe, United Kingdom n Poole, United Kingdom

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Research and Development/ Technical Service Centers North America l Wilmington, Delawareu l Columbia, Maryland l Bridgewater, New Jerseyu Latin America l S達o Paulo, Brazil l Mexico City, Mexico l Buenos Aires, Argentina

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Europe l Paris, France l Sophia Antipolis, Franceu l D端sseldorf, Germanyu l Memmingen, Germany l Barendrecht, Netherlands l Zwijndrecht, Netherlandsu l Istanbul, Turkey l Bradford, United Kingdomu

Asia Pacific l Jiangmen, China l Nanjing, China l Shanghai, Chinau l Hyderabad, Indiau l Mumbai, Indiau l Pantech, Singapore uCenter of Excellence

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Contents

Introduction...........................................................................................................2 Contents...................................................................................................................4 PRODUCT OVERVIEW.................................................................................. 5 Performance polymers..................................................................................... 8 Solvents, intermediates & surfactants....................................................... 6 Specialty chemicals............................................................................................ 9 Vinyl monomers................................................................................................... 7 SOLVENTS, INTERMEDIATES & SURFACTANTS BLO™ solvent........................................................................................................12 Butanediol intermediate................................................................................11 Butenediol intermediate................................................................................11 Butynediol intermediate................................................................................10 Propargyl Alcohol..............................................................................................10 Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvents..................................................................12 PYRROLIDONES 2-Pyrol™ solvent..............................................................................................13 Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent...................................................................18 Engineered solvents.....................................................................................16 Microflex™ microemulsifier ranges.......................................................18 M-Pyrol™ solvent............................................................................................14 Other Alkylpyrrolidones CHP™ solvent....................................................................................................15 HEP™ solvent....................................................................................................15 NEP™ solvent....................................................................................................14 SURFACTANTS Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate esters.........................................19 Surfadone™ solvent/wetting agent......................................................17 VINYL MONOMERS V-Cap™ vinyl caprolactam.............................................................................20 V-Pyrol™ vinyl pyrrolidone............................................................................20 PERFORMANCE POLYMERS Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers....................................................43 Antara™ (Polectron™ 430) polymer..........................................................27 Antaron™ (Ganex™) polymers.....................................................................25 Aquaflex™ XL-30 copolymer.........................................................................38 Aquaflex FX-64 copolymer...........................................................................38 Aquaflex SF-40 polymer................................................................................32 Aquaflow™ polymers.......................................................................................34 Aqualon™ ethylcellulose (EC)...................................................................... 46 Aquastyle™ 300 tetrapolymers...................................................................32 AquaVIS™ ETD polymers................................................................................43 Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon CMC.......................................................42 Copolymer VC - 713 polymer......................................................................31 Culminal™ methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC)..............................51 Culminal, Benecel™ methylcellulose.................................................49-50

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Culminal, Benecel methylcellulose derivatives.................................. 48 Culminal, Benecel methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC)..........50 Disintex™ disintegrants...................................................................................24 EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant range.............................................37 Gafquat™ HS-100 polymer............................................................................28 Galactasol™ guar................................................................................................52 Gantrez™ AN copolymers..............................................................................35 Gantrez ES copolymers...................................................................................36 Gantrez MS copolymers.................................................................................36 Gantrez S copolymers.....................................................................................36 Gantrez copolymers.........................................................................................35 I-Rez™ 160 copolymer.....................................................................................37 Jaypol™ and Rapifloc™ acrylates.........................................................39-41 Klucel™ hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)...................................................47 Natrosol™ hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)..........................................44-45 PVP K-series polymers.............................................................................. 21-22 PVP/VA polymers...............................................................................................26 PVPP polymers....................................................................................................23 RheoThix™ 601 thickening agent...............................................................34 Setleze™ 3000 copolymer.............................................................................29 Sorez™ 100 copolymer....................................................................................33 Sorez HS-205 and Gafquat copolymers..................................................28 Stabileze™ QM polymer.................................................................................36 Styleze™ 2000 and Acrylidone™ LM polymers...................................30 Styleze W polymers..........................................................................................29 Styleze CC-10 copolymer...............................................................................29 UltraThix™ P-100 crosspolymer...................................................................30 Vinylcaprolactam polymers.........................................................................31 Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers......................................................................25 Vinylpyrrolidone/Alkylaminomethacrylate and Alkylaminomethacrylamide copolymers..............................................27 ViviPrint™ 131 polymers..................................................................................29 ViviPrint PS-10 polymers................................................................................24 ViviPrint 540 polymers....................................................................................23 SPECIALTY CHEMICALS Drewplus™ defoamers....................................................................................56 Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants...................................................53 Escalol™ UV filters..............................................................................................53 Iron Pentacarbonyl............................................................................................55 Micropowder™ iron..........................................................................................55 pHLEX™ neutralizing additive.....................................................................57 Ceraphyl™ and Cerasynt™ emulsifiers.....................................................54 BIOCIDES......................................................................................................58-59 CHARTS........................................................................................................ 60-77 NOTES....................................................................................................................79

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Product Overview

This brochure is organized into five categories representing major chemical families of Ashland products: • Solvents, intermediates & surfactants • Vinyl monomers • Performance polymers • Specialty chemicals

Solvents, intermediates & surfactants Pages 10–19

Vinyl monomers Page 20

Performance polymers Pages 21–52

• Biocides and Preservatives

Specialty chemicals We invite you to explore Ashland’s broad range of innovative products and the many performance-enhancing properties they offer.

Pages 53–57

Biocides & Preservatives Pages 58–59

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

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Solvents, intermediates & surfactants The common characteristic of these chemicals is high solubility in hydrophilic media.

• Propargyl Alcohol and Butynediol, due to their high electron density of the acetylenic bond, function as metal-complexing and corrosioninhibiting agents.

• Butenediol, having a cis double bond enters into Diels-Alder Reactions and Butanediol finds application as a plasticizer and humectant.

Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants are leading technologies within our extensive portfolio of high-quality additives.

These high-performance specialty surfactants exhibit superior wetting and emulsifying properties and are unique in that their compositions can be modified to achieve specific properties. Dextrol and Strodex phosphate ester surfactants demonstrate a strong viscosity profile and broad compatibility as well as good stability to a wide range of temperatures, pH and hard water. They provide corrosion inhibition, emulsification and dispersion properties.

All four alcohols function as precursors to numerous derivatives such as esters, carbamates, polyesters and urethanes.

• THF is an inert solvent for numerous polymer and organometallic reactions and is the precursor of polytetramethyleneglycol.

• BLO™ gamma-Butyrolactone is a polar solvent for ionic substrates and functions as an acid donor in aqueous media at elevated temperatures.

Pyrrolidones: This family of chemicals varies in properties as a function of substitution on the lactam nitrogen atom. All members are characterized by low vapor pressure, high flash point, high dipole moment, ready complex formation, surface activity as the alkyl chain lengthens and biodegradability when the alkyl chain is linear.

• 2-Pyrol™ 2-pyrrolidone the first member, is used as a humectant, cosolvent with water, coalescent aid and plasticizer.

The lower alkyl pyrrolidones, most notably M-Pyrol™ N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone, are excellent polymer solvents, paint and photoresist strippers, paint coalescents, industrial cleaners and extraction solvents.

• The Surfadone™ alkyl pyrrolidones are hydrophobic in nature, functioning as excellent wetting agents and effective dispersing and cleaning aids.

• Engineered solvents, based on M-Pyrol (N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone), are formulated to meet a variety of industrial cleaning requirements.

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Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Vinyl monomers

Vinyllactams ethers are offered for applications based on the utility of their olefin linkage.

• V-Pyrol™ Amine or Caustic N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is water soluble and undergoes free radical homo- and copolymerizations as well as grafting reactions. V-Pyrol RC N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is a low-viscosity reactive diluent for UV radiation curing processing.

• V-Cap™ N-vinyl-2-caprolactam is only slightly soluble in water, but can function in many applications similar to V-Pyrol N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.

• Fully formulated UV-curable Gafgard™ coating systems impart abrasion and solvent resistance to a wide variety of surfaces.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

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Performance polymers

The largest family of polymers produced by Ashland is based on N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and cellulose ethers. These include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) homopolymers and copolymers. The latter contain functionality from co-reactants, including vinyl acetate, PVP/VA, alpha-olefin, Ganex™/Antaron™ 1 copolymers. Dimethylaminoalkylenemethacrylate or -methacrylamide copolymers and their derivatives make up the Gafquat™ and ViviPrint™ product lines (the latter of which is used in inkjet media coating) and styrene and Polectron™/Antara™ 430 copolymers.2 Many properties are shared among the groups, but each also has unique characteristics, varying with structure. The following are examples: • PVP, high polarity, dispersancy, hydrophilicity, adhesion, cohesivity and high Tg. • PVP/VA, thermoplasticity, oxygen permeability, varying hydrophilicity and adhesion.

• Ganex/Antaron copolymers, hydrophobicity, an emulsifier and dispersant for nonaqueous systems.

• Gafquat copolymer, basicity, substantivity, and high charge density.

• ViviPrint copolymer and terpolymer, ink-binding, water resistance, high gloss and transparency, light stability (fastness).

• Polectron/Antara copolymers, thickening and opacifying emulsion.

Ashland also offers polymers based on V-Cap reactive monomer.

These include vinylcaprolactam homopolymers, copolymers with vinylpyrrolidone and terpolymers containing both lactam monomers and dimethylaminoalkylene-methacrylate or -methacrylamide.

These polymers are generally more hydrophobic than the V-Pyrol™ reactive monomer-based products mentioned above but offer many of the functional properties inherent in the lactam ring. Among other applications, Inhibex™ polymers are highly efficient as inhibitors of gas hydrate formation.

A range of alternating copolymers based on methylvinylether and maleic anhydride are produced by Ashland:

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• The Gantrez™ AN family of methylvinylether/maleic anhydride copolymers are characterized by aprotic polar solvent solubility, reaction with protic compounds such as water, alcohols and amines with facile film formation.

• The hydrolyzed Gantrez S polycarboxylic acid resins function as dispersants, divalent cation binding agents and polymeric acidifiers.

Acrylate chemistry Ashland offers one of the world’s broadest portfolios of high-performing acrylate chemistry. The breadth of our product portfolio means that we can offer chemistry that is highly targeted to particular applications.

Our products include rheology modifiers, dispersants, co-binders and emulsifiers that work as processing aids and performance enhancers for applications as diverse as paint and coatings, cleaning products, oilfield chemicals, textile manufacture, water treatment and more.

Cellulose Ethers Cellulose ethers are divided into ionic and nonionic types. Nonionic cellulose ethers, which include Benecel™ methylcellulose methylhydroxyethylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose (Culminal™/Combizell™), hydroxyethylcellulose (Natrosol™), and Aqualon™ ethylcellulose and Klucel™ hydroxypropylcellulose carry electrically neutral substituents. The ionic cellulose ethers, e.g. Aqualon/ Blanose™/Bondwell™/AquaVIS™ sodium carboxymethylcellulose, contain substituents which are electrically charged. Nonionic cellulose ethers can be further classified by their solubility in cold, warm or hot water, and in solvents.

Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of anhydroglucose units, which are linked through beta-glycosidic bonds. The number “n” of anhydroglucose units in the polymer chain is defined as the degree of polymerisation (DP).

Each anhydroglucose ring carries three free OH-groups at positions 2, 3 and 6. Ethers of cellulose are formed by substituting one or more of the three hydroxyl groups. The distribution of the substituents introduced onto the polymer chain is largely determined by the relative reactivity of these three OH-groups.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Specialty chemicals

Ultraviolet absorbers: The Escalol™ family of UV absorbers are highboiling, water-insoluble liquid esters with broad absorption in the UV-B radiation region (290 to 320 nm).

The number of substituted hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit is expressed as DS or average degree of substitution. The DS can vary between 0 and 3. In the case of alkoxylation the molar ratio of alkoxy groups in the side chains to cellulose is specified and expressed as the average molecular substitution (MS). Instead of DS and MS, the weight percent of the substituents in the cellulose ether is often quoted. The use of one etherification agent in the substitution process results in a simple cellulose ether, whereas using different kinds of agents leads to mixed ethers. Industrial cellulose ethers are alkyl, alkylhydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and carboxyalkyl ethers.

Carbonyl iron powder: Micropowder™ iron powders are characterized as fine, high-purity, micron-size spherical particles with superior electronic and magnetic properties.

Aquaflow™ rheology modifiers Aquaflow nonionic synthetic associative thickeners (NSATs) are efficient thickeners for high-performance waterborne paints, adhesives and coatings. These easy-to-handle liquids build rheology in paints and coatings through self-association and interaction with other ingredients.

Aquaflow rheology modifiers are based on hydrophobically-modified polyacetal-polyether (HM-PAPE) chemistry and are designed to function as a drop-in replacement for urethane-type (HEUR) thickeners.

Foam Control Agents Drewplus™ and Advantage™ defoamers comprise a range of proprietary products that effectively control foam and entrained air in industrial processes and wastewater systems. In addition to collapsing or breaking down existing foam, the products remain on the water’s surface to prevent the formation of future foam. Ashland Specialty Ingredients offers a range highly efficient, hydrocarbon and vegetable oil-based and polysiloxane and polyglycol based anti-foaming agents.

Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants: The Ceraphyl™ and Cerasynt™ product lines include a variety of water-insoluble esters and polyol-esters which are useful as emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants.

Biocides and preservatives If a product is made with water or comes in contact with it, Ashland’s biocides and preservatives can help protect it against bacteria, fungus and algae. Our offerings can preserve beauty, enhance performance, extend product life and protect user safety. Ashland’s biocides and preservatives are marketed under trusted brands such as Nuosept™, Fungitrol™, Bodoxin™, Bacillat™, Bakzid™, Ebotec™ and Cinon™. Today, our technologies are used in just about any application you can imagine – from coatings and household cleaning products to oil production and textile processing.

(1) Ganex™ is sold as Antaron™ in Europe and Canada.

(2) Polectron™ 430 is sold as Antara™ 430 in Europe and Asia Pacific.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

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Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Propargyl Alcohol

Butynediol intermediate

(2-propyn-1-ol)

(2-butyne-1,4-diol)

Applications

Applications

• Iron dissolution inhibitor in mineral acids.

• Iron dissolution inhibitor in mineral acids.

• Corrosion inhibitor during oil well stimulation and acid pickling.

• Corrosion inhibitor during acid pickling.

• Electroplating bath additive giving bright, uniform metal deposition without film formation.

• Nickel electroplating bath additive giving bright, uniform metal deposition without film formation.

• Precursor to Iodopropynylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC), a coating fungicide.

• Oven cleaners.

• Photoresist strippers.

Physical Properties Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Freezing point Viscosity Specific gravity

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115°C 11.6mm Hg @ 20°C 35°C -50°C

Physical Properties Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point

1.6 cP @ 25°C

Melting point

0.9485 @ 25°C

Specific gravity

238°C 2.5mm Hg @ 100°C 157°C 54°C 1.17 @ 25°C

Chemistry

Chemistry

There are three reactive sites in propargyl alcohol; the triple bond, methyne hydrogen and hydroxyl group. The triple bond has a high electron density and thereby an affinity for a number of industrially important metals. Both the methyne and hydroxyl hydrogens can be substituted with appropriate chemical reagents.

Butynediol intermediate is commercially available as a solid or in 50% aqueous solution. The triple bond in butynediol intermediate has a high electron density and an affinity for metals similar to propargyl alcohol. The two hydroxyl groups undergo typical reactions such as ethoxylation to produce Butoxyne™ 497 intermediate, a 100% active liquid with a melting point of approximately -15°C.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Butenediol intermediate

Butanediol intermediate

(2-butene-1,4-diol)

(1,4-butanediol)

Applications Applications • Diels-Alder reactions to produce Vitamin B-6, endosulfan, etc.

• Diacylation with bromoacetic acid to produce a paper slimicide.

Boiling point

234°C

Flash point

135°C

Viscosity Specific gravity

• Terephthalic acid to produce polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).

• Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) yielding polyurethane foams, elastomers and adhesives.

Physical Properties

Freezing point

Butanediol intermediate is used mainly as a co-monomer in classical diol-condensation reactions with:

7°C 22 cP @ 25°C 1.07 @ 25°C

Chemistry Butenediol intermediate is a 93-97% cis isomer, facilitating its use in 1,4- addition reactions. The two hydroxyl groups undergo the typical reactions of alcohols.

Butenediol intermediate readily dehydrates to 2,3-dihydrofuran in the presence of acids and polymerizes above 165°C.

• Adipic acid to yield polyesters with biodegradability characteristics.

In general, polymers produced from butanediol intermediate exhibit greater hydrophobicity, crystallinity, strength, hydrolysis resistance and better lowtemperature flexibility than those produced from ethylene glycol.

• Physical properties of butanediol intermediate make it useful as a plasticizer and humectant.

Physical Properties Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Viscosity Specific gravity

228°C <0.075mm Hg @ 24°C 139°C 71.5 cP @ 25°C 1.017 @ 25°C

Chemistry Butanediol intermediate’s reactive sites are its hydroxyl groups, which undergo all the typical reactions of alcohols. In addition to the condensation reactions noted above, it can be converted to simple esters, halides, dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran and dehydrogenated to gamma-butyrolactone.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

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Solvents, intermediates and surfactants THF solvent

BLO™ solvent

Tetrahydrofuran

gamma-Butyrolactone

Applications

Applications

• Solvent for vinyl polymers used in PVC pipe adhesives, industrial cleaning, magnetic tape coatings, vinyl fabric topcoats among others.

• Electrolyte dissociating solvent for nonaqueous capacitors.

• Reaction medium for organometallic reagents, including linear low-density polyethylene catalyst manufacture.

• Solvent for a wide spectrum of polymers and an effective substitute for chlorinated hydrocarbons.

• Monomer for polytetramethylene glycol, a Spandex* intermediate.

• Paint strippers, industrial cleaners and lithographic developers.

Physical Properties

• Hydrolyzed in water at elevated temperatures to yield 4-hydroxybutyric acid, leading to its use as an acid donor in nylon fiber dyeing.

Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Freezing point Viscosity

66°C

• Stabilizes urea in fertilizers.

161mm Hg @ 20°C -14°C -108.5°C 0.5 cP @ 20°C

Dipole moment

1.75D

Specific gravity

0.886 @ 25°C

Dielectric constant

• Photoresist stripper.

7.52

Physical Properties Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Freezing point Viscosity

204°C 0.16mm Hg @ 20°C 93°C -44°C 1.2 cP @ 25°C

Dipole moment

4.27D

Chemistry

Specific gravity

1.124 @ 25°C

THF solvent (stabilized with 250-400 ppm BHT) is an excellent polymer solvent, combining rapid dissolution and evaporation with significant solubilizing capacity for many high molecular weight polymers at moderate viscosity. It has unique characteristics in Grignard and other organometallic reactions. As noted above, THF solvent undergoes an acid-catalyzed ring opening polymerization reaction to produce polytetramethylene glycol.

Dielectric constant

39.0

Chemistry Although BLO solvent is stable under a wide range of conditions, at elevated temperatures and in the presence of appropriate reagents, it serves as an intermediate in a variety of useful syntheses such as: • Precursor to 2-pyrrolidone and the extensive family of alkyl pyrrolidones produced from ammonia and primary amines.

• Reacting with phenols to yield phenoxybutyric acid derivatives with applications in pharmaceuticals and as photographic coupling agents.

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Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Pyrrolidones

2-Pyrol™ solvent

The family of 2-pyrrolidones offered by Ashland has a variety of properties primarily derived from the unique features of the lactam ring and modified by substitution on the nitrogen atom. The general characteristics of these compounds result from the polar N-C=O linkage in the five-membered ring. The reactivity, physical properties and stability of these molecules result from the well-documented amide resonance. In anionic media, the partially positive nitrogen readily coordinates with negatively charged species while in acidic systems the electron-rich carbonyl oxygen is rapidly protonated.

2-Pyrrolidone

Applications • Solubilization of complex organic molecules in water.

• Humectant and cosolvent in digital printing inks.

• Coalescent or plasticizer for acrylic resins, especially in floor polishes, inks and adhesives.

Physical Properties Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Freezing point Viscosity

245°C <0.1mm Hg @ 20°C 129°C 25°C 13.3 cP @ 25°C

Dipole moment

3.5D

Specific gravity

1.116 @ 25°C

Chemistry The reactive site of 2-Pyrol 2-Pyrrolidone is its labile hydrogen on the nitrogen.

It can undergo vinylation with acetylene, alkylation with alkylhalides and acylation with acylhalides. Hydrolysis produces gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is also available as a 95% active solution that freezes/solidifies at 12°C to ensure ease of handling.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

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Solvents, intermediates and surfactants M-Pyrol™ solvent

NEP™ solvent

N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

N-Ethyl-2-Pyrrolidone

Applications

Applications

• Polymerization medium for polyethersulfones, polyaramids, polyesters and polyamide-imides.

• Low-temperature reaction solvent for temperature sensitive pharmaceutical active ingredients.

• Polyamide-imide diluent for wire enamel coatings.

• Circuit board/defluxing/stencil cleaners - used as a co-solvent, usually in combination with other water-soluble solvents such as glycol ethers or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and surfactants for removal of flux residues, oils and greases. Used as an alternative for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.

• Paint and photoresist strippers.

• Coalescent in latex paints allowing excellent formulation latitude.

• Polydifluoroethylene solvent in rechargeable battery manufacture.

• Industrial cleaners; neat or in combination with numerous other solvents.

Physical Properties

• Solvent for extraction of aromatics from lube oil.

Boiling point

• Solvent for separation of acetylene and butadiene from light hydrocarbon streams.

Vapor pressure

• High precision electronic cleaning agent.

Freezing point Viscosity

Physical Properties Boiling point Vapor pressure

202°C

90°C

Freezing point

-24°C

92.8°C < -70°C 3.5 cP 0.993 @ 25°C

1.7 cP @ 25°C

Dipole moment

4.06 Debye @ 25°C

Specific gravity

1.027 @ 25°C

Dielectric constant

Specific gravity

0.2 mm Hg @ 20°C

0.27 mm Hg @ 20°C

Flash point

Viscosity

Flash point

200°C

32.2

Soluble in water and most organic solvents; sparingly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Chemistry M-Pyrol solvent is extremely resistant to hydrolysis from pH 2-10, even at elevated temperatures. Beyond these limits, hydrolysis to 4-(methylamino) butanoic acid occurs at a rate dependent on pH and temperature. A large body of chemistry has been developed on the reactions of strong nucleophiles with M-Pyrol solvent. High-purity, low-trace-metal grades are sold under the Micropure™ and Pharmasolve™ tradenames for the electronic and pharmaceutical industries respectively.

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Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Solvents, intermediates and surfactants HEP™ solvent

CHP™ solvent

N-Hydroxyethyl-2-Pyrrolidone

N-Cyclohexyl-2-Pyrrolidone

Applications • Photoresist Strippers - used as a co-solvent, usually in combination with M-Pyrol™ N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, to enhance performance by broadening solubility range.

• Paint Strippers - as a solvent in high-temperature stripping applications for chemically resistance coatings.

• Silkscreen Cleaners - as a co-solvent in cleaning formulations to enhance removal of inks from silkscreen fibers.

• Hard Surface Cleaners - used as a co-solvent with glycol ethers in oven cleaning formulations.

• Intermediate for alkoxylated derivatives used in gasoline additives.

• Photoresist Strippers - used as a co-solvent, usually in combination with M-Pyrol N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and BLO™ gamma-Butyrolactone solvents to enhance performance by broadening solubility range.

• Circuit Board Fabrication - used in chemical polishing of copper and copper alloys to increase the stability of hydrogen peroxide in acid brightening baths.

• Dye Carrier or Dyeing Bath Additive - used in dyeing of aromatic polyamide fibers (i.e., Dupont’s Kevlar* and Nomex*, Teijin’s Conex*) as a swelling/diffusion agent to enhance dye and flame retardant penetration.

• Paint Strippers - as a solvent in high temperature stripping applications for chemically resistant coatings.

Physical Properties Boiling point Vapor pressure

Applications

295°C <0.005 mm Hg @ 20°C

Flash point

160°C

Freezing point

20°C

Viscosity

53 cP

Specific gravity

1.139 @ 25°C

It is also available as 95% active solution that freezes/solidifies at 12°C to ensure ease of handling.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

• Silkscreen Cleaners - as a co-solvent in cleaning formulations to enhance removal of inks from silkscreen fibers.

Physical Properties Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Freezing point

284°C <0.005 mm Hg @ 20°C 145°C 12°C

Viscosity @ 25°C

11.5 cP

Specific gravity

1.026 @ 25°C

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Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Engineered solvents Ashland produces a family of engineered solvents based on M-Pyrol™ n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are designed to meet the needs of specific cleaning operations. These include ShipShape™ resin cleaner, FoamFlush™ urethane remover and PartsReady™ degreaser, which are recommended for unique applications when M-Pyrol n-methyl2-pyrrolidone alone cannot meet certain cleaning requirements.

In addition to their excellent solvency, our engineered solvents are formulated for low VOC and low toxicity as they are replacements for methylene chloride, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and halogenated solvents.

Engineered solvents products Product

Uses

ShipShape resin cleaner FoamFlush urethane remover

• Cleaning and flushing mixing heads, tools, conveyors and molds of rigid and flexible polyurethanes foams.

PartsReady degreaser

•M etal degreasing and specialty optics cleaning operations.

Engineered solvents properties FoamFlush

PartsReady

Clear liquid

Clear liquid

1.07

1.05

1.03

Melting point °F (°C)

22.0 (-20.0)

22.0 (-20.0)

14.0 (-24.4)

Boiling point °F (°C)

396-399 396-399 396 (202-204) (202-204) (202)

Flashpoint °F (°C)

197 (91.7)

197 (88.3)

193 (89.4)

2.02

2.09

2.49

Physical Properties

ShipShape resin cleaner

Physical form @ 25°C Light yellow clear Density (g/ml)

Viscosity @ 25°C (cP)

16

urethane remover

degreaser

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Surfadone™ LP-100 solvent/wetting agent

Surfadone LP-300 solvent/wetting agent

N-Octyl-2-Pyrrolidone

N-Dodecyl-2-Pyrrolidone

Applications

Applications

• Soil penetrant and softener in hard surface cleaners, laundry prespotters and metal cleaning.

• High boiling solvent for polymers and hydrophobic substances.

• Wetting agent for dishwashing, industrial and institutional cleaners.

• Additive in hand or automatic dishwashing detergents.

• Isopropyl alcohol replacement in fountain solutions.

• Ingredient in pressure sensitive adhesives.

• Substitute for fluorocarbon surfactants used for oil well stimulation.

• Solvent for polymers and hydrophobic substances.

• Pigment dispersion aid and pigment conditioning solvent.

Physical Properties

• Component of photoresist strippers.

Boiling point

• Wetting agent for aqueous systems.

Flash point

• Component in microemulsifying systems.

Freezing point Viscosity

Physical Properties Boiling point Vapor pressure

Minimum equilibrium surface tension <0.001mm Hg @ 25°C 113°C

Freezing point

-25°C

Minimum equilibrium surface tension Minimum dynamic surface tension

116°C 10°C 17 cP @ 25°C 26 mN/m @ 20 ppm

100°C @ 0.3mm Hg

Flash point

Viscosity

145°C @ 0.2 mm Hg

8 cP @ 20°C 28 mN/m @ 1200 ppm 35 mN/m @ 10 bubbles/sec

Chemistry Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent is sparingly soluble in water (0.02 weight percent) and soluble in most organic solvents. It is a low-foaming, nonionic surfactant with an HLB of 3 and has no critical micelle concentration. Like its lower homolog, Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent interacts with anionic surfactants forming mixed micelles that greatly enhances its solubility, resulting in a synergistic surface tension reduction and wetting enhancement. Appropriate combinations of Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent and anionic surfactants produce viscous solutions and gels.

Chemistry Surfadone LP-100 wetting agent is a low-foaming, nonionic rapid wetting agent with an HLB of 6 and having no critical micelle concentration. Due to the electron delocalized lactam ring, Surfadone LP-100 wetting agent interacts with anionic surfactant micelles. This greatly enhances its water solubility, resulting in a synergistic surface tension reduction and wetting enhancement at low concentrations.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

17

Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent

Microflex™ microemulsifier ranges

Applications

Applications

• Hard surface cleaners.

• Microemulsifiers for hydrophobic active solubilization.

• Glass and tile cleaners.

• Delivers permethrin active in pet shampoos.

• Industrial and institutional cleaners.

• Preparation of stabilized silicones delivered from aqueous solutions.

• Textile processing.

• Formulation of aqueous wood preservatives.

• Pigment wetting.

• Dispersions of waxes and polishes.

Benefits

Benefits

• Faster wetting.

• Optimized microemulsifiers with particle sizes < 0.06µ.

• Lower use levels.

• High solvency for many hydrophobic water-insoluble organic chemicals (active ingredients).

• Low contact angles.

• Concentrates prepared are compatible with high levels of emulsifiers (anionic and non-ionic).

• Improved spreading on most surfaces.

• Better equilibrium surface tension.

• Enhanced cleaning performance.

Physical Properties Physical form

Physical Properties Physical form

Clear liquid

pH (10 wt% aq.)

4.0-6.0

Viscosity @ 25°C

15-30 cP

Specific gravity @ 25°C

0.92-0.95

Yellow liquid

pH 3.5 Viscosity Specific gravity @ 25°C

100-140 cP 1.0-1.1

Chemistry Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent is a proprietary super-wetting agent in a convenientto-use liquid form. Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent is a cost-effective, premium wetter/ surfactant suitable for HI&I cleaning, textiles, pigments and other industrial applications where superior wetting and spreading performance is required.

18

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Surfactants

Phosphate Esters Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants are leading technologies within our every expanding portfolio of high performance additives. Dextrol and Strodex surfactants have been developed for high performance in a variety of end-use applications by engineering specific chemistries under precisely controlled reaction conditions.

Dextrol and Strodex are unique mono- and di-ester phosphates that provide wetting, improve dispersion and emulsion stabilization, and provides corrosion protection.

Product

Phosphate Acid Source

Salt Form

Chemical Description/ Moles of EO

Typical Active (%)

Typical Viscosity (cPs at 25'C)

Surface tension (0.1% Active in water, Ph 7) dynes/cm

Dextrol OC-7525

Dextrol OC-70

NH4

10

25

600

36.2

Dextrol OC-78N

Dextrol OC-70

Na

10

89

15,000

36.2

Dextrol OC-6025

Dextrol OC-60

NH4

6

25

600

26.5

Dextrol OC-180

Dextrol 0C-60

K

6

45

600

30.1

Dextrol OC-50

Dextrol OC-15

Na

6

90

6,000

30.3

Dextrol OC-4025

Dextrol OC-40

NH4

3

25

600

26.5

Dextrol OC-45N

Dextrol OC-40

Na

3

82

8,600

26.5

Strodex FT-50K

Strodex FT-100

K

Phosphated Alcohol

50

< 100

50

Strodex SEK-50D

Strodex SE-100

K

Phosphate Coester Aliphatic Ethoxylate Mixture

50

100

27.9

K

Proprietary Blend

81

300

Strodex TH-1 00 Strodex TH-4427

K

Proprietary Blend

97

200

Strodex FT-428

K

Proprietary Blend

92

800

Strodex PLF-100

Na

Phosphate Coester

82

1500

Strodex LFK-70

K

Phosphate Coester

70

400

35.8

Strodex PSK-28

K

55

50

28.4

99

500

Strodex NB-20

Proprietary Blend

Na

Strodex PK-90

Strodex P-100

K

Phosphate Coester Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate

90

7000

29.8

Strodex PK-95G

Strodex P-100

K

Phosphate Coester Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate

80

1700

29.8

Strodex PK-80N

Strodex P-100

K

Phosphate Coester Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate

68

1000

29.8

Strodex PK-0VOC

Strodex P-100

K

Phosphate Coester Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate

35

280

30.5

Strodex MOK-70

Strodex MO-100

K

Phosphated Alcohol

70

Partial Gel >100K

Strodex KM-OVOC

Strodex MO-100

K

Phosphated Alcohol

40

< 100

43

K

Phosphated Alcohol

70

Partial Gel

43

Strodex EHK-70 Dextrol OG20/22

H

Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

97

5,600

35.3

Dextrol OC-15

H

Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)

97

3,600

30.3

Dextrol OC-11O

H

Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles)

97

36,000

33.4

Dextrol OC-93Z

H

Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate

99

3500

Dextrol OC-70

H

Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

97

800

36.2

Dextrol OC-60

H

Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)

97

800

30.1

Dextrol OC-40

H

Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles)

97

800

26.5

Strodex FT-100

H

Phosphated Alcohol

99

4000

50

Strodex LH-55

H

Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate

80

10,000

Strodex SE-100

H

Phosphate Coester of Aliphatic Ethoxylate Mixture

96

200

27.9

Strodex P-100

H

Phosphate Coester of Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate

98

600

29.8

Strodex MO-100

H

Phosphated Alcohol

98

l.300

43

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

19

Vinyl monomers

V-Pyrol™ vinyl pyrrolidone

V-Cap™ vinyl caprolactam

N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone

N-Vinyl-2-Caprolactam

Applications • Reactive diluent for radical initiated UV radiation curing used in vinyl flooring, wood coatings, release coatings, inks, etc.

• Numerous conventional polymerizations to generate an array of materials with a variety of properties as noted in the following polymer section.

• Gafgard™ 233 formulated UV-curable coating containing V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone and a multifunctional acrylate is used to impart high levels of abrasion resistance to coatings for plastic lenses, protective window films, credit cards, etc.

Applications • Reactive diluent for radical-initiated UV radiation curing used in inks (especially silkscreening), vinyl flooring, wood coatings, release coatings, etc.

• Conventional polymerizations to generate materials that have more hydrophobic character than analogous V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone based products.

Physical Properties Boiling point Melting point

Physical Properties Boiling point Melting point Vapor pressure Flash point Viscosity

193°C @ 400 mm Hg 13°C <0.10mm Hg @ 20°C

Flash point Viscosity

35°C <0.1mm Hg @ 20°C 114°C 3.5 cP @ 40°C

96°C 2 cP @ 25°C

Chemistry V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone is a clear liquid stabilized with insoluble sodium hydroxide or soluble N,N’-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine. The latter inhibitor is supplied in V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone at concentrations of 25 ppm and at 100 ppm, respectively, for radiation curing and nonradiation curing applications. This monomer is known to be a supercooled liquid well below its freezing point of 13°C. It can remain as a liquid at room temperature for extended periods. Rapid, exothermic crystallization under these conditions should not be confused with bulk polymerization.

V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone accelerates UV curing rates as the reactive diluent.

Typically formulated with an acrylate oligomer, it imparts its unique solution viscosity reduction and enhanced adhesion to non-polar substrates. The activated double bond of V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone facilitates its use in free radical homo- and copolymerizations and grafting reactions. The products of these reactions are either linear or crosslinked homopolymers and nonionic, anionic and cationic copolymers. Polymers from V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone are amorphous, and the pyrrolidone ring imparts hydrophilicity, adhesiveness, strength and complexing capability.

20

Vapor pressure

116°C @ 10mm Hg

Chemistry V-Cap vinyl caprolactam is a pale yellow crystalline solid stabilized with 10 ppm N,N’-di-sec-butyl p-phenylenediamine and having chemical reactivity characteristics similar to those cited above for V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone. Polymers synthesized from V-Cap vinyl caprolactam are significantly more hydrophobic than their V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone analogs but still exhibit the adhesiveness, strength and complexing capability characteristic of the lactam functionality. As with V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone, V-Cap vinyl caprolactam is a super cooled liquid and can remain as a liquid at room temperature for extended periods. Rapid, exothermic crystallization under these conditions should not be confused with bulk polymerization.

V-Cap vinyl caprolactam accelerates UV curing rates as the reactive diluent.

Typically formulated with an acrylate oligomer, it imparts unique solution viscosity reduction and enhanced adhesion to non-polar substrates. The activated double bond of V-Cap vinyl caprolactam facilitates its use in free radical homo- and copolymerizations and grafting reactions. The products of these reactions are either linear or crosslinked homopolymers and nonionic, anionic and cationic copolymers. Polymers from V-Cap vinyl caprolactam are amorphous, and the caprolactam ring imparts hydrophobicity, adhesiveness, strength and complexing capability.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

PVP K-series

Applications • Dye transfer inhibition in detergents using PVP K-15 and K-30 to form complex fugitive.

• Textile dye stripping and strike rate control through complexation and dispersion with PVP K-30.

• Photoprocessing where sulfide salts are complexed by PVP K-30 in developing baths to inhibit redeposition on film.

• Laundry detergents where PVP K-30 inhibits soil redeposition.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as a white, free-flowing powder or a clear aqueous solution. Available in several molecular weight grades, they are characterized by K-value, and used in various applications.

• Emulsion polymerization where PVP K-30 latex stabilizer, functioning as a protective colloid, facilitates redispersion of a “broken” latex end-use application.

• Dispersions using PVP K-30 and K-90 for nonaqueous dye-and pigment-based writing ink delivery systems.

• Production of expandable polystyrene, with PVP K-90 used as the protective colloid.

• Polyvinylpyrrolidone and a number of its copolymers used as media components in digital inkjet printing.

• Hollow fiber membrane manufacture in which PVP K-90 and K-30 create voids and hydrophilic domains in polysulfone membranes.

• In oilfield cementing, PVP K-30 and K-90 serve as fluid loss control agents.

• On lithographic plates using hydrophobic inks, PVP K-15 provides enhancement of the nonimage area.

• PVP K-85 and 90 in stearate-based adhesive sticks for arts and crafts applications.

• On both ends of toilet paper rolls, PVP K-60 is used as an adhesive.

• In fiber glass sizing, PVP K-30 and K-90’s film-forming action promotes polyvinylacetate adhesion.

• As combustible ceramic binders, PVP K-30 and K-90 enhance green strength.

• In tablet binder formulations, PVP K-30 and K-90 are used for industrial and pharmaceutical applications.

• In CRT fabrication using negative photoresist technology, PVP K-90 is used with a chemical crosslinker in water-based coating systems.

• In production of electrolead hydrogels, PVP K-90 is crosslinked by E-beam irradiation to produce a conducting medium.

• In metal quenchant bath, PVP K-60, K-90 and K-120 are effective thickeners.

• PVP K-30 and K-90 are used for enzyme stabilization.

• Production of nano-sized metal pigments.

• Dispersant for carbon nano-fibers.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

21

Performance polymers

PVP K-series (continued) Physical Properties Grade K-Value Range Molecular Weight

(GPC/MALLS) K-12 10-14 5,000 K-15 13-19 9,700 K-30 26-35 66,800 K-60 50-62 396,000 K-85 83-88 825,000 K-90 88-100 1,570,000 K-120 114-130 3,470,000 Water absorbtivity

~17% water @ 60% RH/20°C

Glass transition temperature

130° - 180°C, increases with Mw to Max. 180°C

Film formation

Hard, glossy, transparent, oxygen permeable

Film refractive index

~1.53 @ 25°C

Solubility Characteristics • Soluble in water and most polar solvents.

Chemistry Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the lactam ring.

High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts; Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Hydrophilicity, where the substantial water solubility of PVP is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications; Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application.

Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques.

PVP is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry.

• Insoluble in esters, ethers, ketones and hydrocarbons.

PVP K-60, K-85 and K-120 are currently available only as aqueous solutions. All other PVPs are available as dried powder or in solution.

22

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

ViviPrint™ 540 polymers

PVPP polymers PVPP (Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) is a highly cross-linked, amorphous, white, free-flowing polymer produced through a unique proliferous (popcorn) polymerization. Although insoluble in water, acids, bases and organic solvents, the polymers offered have swell volumes of between 4 and 8 ml/g in water. PVPP strongly complexes with phenols such as tannins, flavonoids and dyes, adsorbing these compounds within its interior cavities.

Applications • Digital printing media.

• Oilfield shale stabilization.

• Rheology modifier.

Physical Properties Physical form

10-12% aqueous solution

Brookfield viscosity

5,000-20,000 cps as supplied 650 cP @ 5% solids

Molecular weight

600,000-800,000 (GPC)1 1,500,000-2,000,000 (MALLS)

Tg 174°C Chemistry ViviPrint 540 is produced by a proprietary in-situ process resulting in a 2-phase matrix consisting of soluble PVP and nanoscale PVP particles approximately 320 nm in size. This unique matrix allows for high viscosity, greater flexibility, better adhesion, curl resistance and improved water-fastness in inkjet media compared to PVP K-90.

1

Determined relative to polyethylene oxide standards

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

23

Performance polymers

Disintex™ disintegrants

ViviPrint™ PS-10 polymers polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP)

Applications • Tablet and granule disintegrants, high capillary activity and hydration capacity.

Physical Properties Physical Properties

Disintex 75 disintegrant

Disintex 200 disintegrant

Chemistry

PVPP

PVPP inert salt

Particle size

75µ

150µ

Applications

2%

2%

• Digital print media.

• Hard tablet > 10 tons • Dishwashing tabs

• Hard tablet > 10 tons • Dishwashing tabs • Water-softening tabs

• Synergistic absorption effects with silica for both dye-and pigment-based inks.

Use level

Applications

• Improve silica aqueous dispersions by reducing hard pack.

• Dye-binding pigment useful in non-aqueous coatings.

Chemistry Disintex disintegrants are propertiary blends of PVPP, cellulose and/or inert salts. They are used extensively as disintegrants in laundry and dishwashing detergent tablets, taking advantage of their swell volumes. The cross-linked PVPP homopolymers are highly hydrophilic and will rapidly absorb water on contact to swell and create internal stress points that will break-up tablets.

24

Chemistry ViviPrint PS-10 is 100% PVPP with an average particle size of 15-30µ. The hydroscopic nature of pyrrolidone enhances the ability of PS-10 particles to absorb liquid rapidly, and its highly hydrophilic nature leads to rapid dispersion in water.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers

Antaron™ (Ganex™) polymers

The copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and a number of other vinyl monomers are described on the following pages. These products are used in applications that benefit from the unique characteristics of the pendant pyrrolidone ring in combination with the properties of the co-monomers’ functionalities.

alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone Sold as Antaron alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone in Europe and Canada.

Applications Antaron alkylated PVP are relatively low molecular weight polymers varying in degree of hydrophobicity from water-soluble powder (P-904LC) to waterinsoluble flaked solid (WP-660) and are useful in the following applications: • Emulsifiers and dispersants in nonaqueous systems.

• Desensitizer/wax dispersant in melt-cast explosives.

• Dye dispersant for candles and shoe polish.

• Water-resistant film former in wood coatings.

• Kinetic inhibitor against hydrate formation in oilfield operations.

• Asphaltene dispersant.

• Pigment dispersant in solvent-based coatings and inks.

Physical Properties Grade

Co-Polymer Composition1

Tg/ Melting Pt.

Viscosity2

Supplied As

P-904LC

90% VP, 10% C4 olefin

155°C

14 @ 25°Ca

White powder

V-516

50% VP, 50% C16 olefin

150°C

300 @ 25°C

55% actives in IPA

V-216

20% VP, 80% C16 olefin

Melting Pt. 8.5°C

2500 @ 50°Cc

Viscous liquid

V-220

30% VP, 70% C20 olefin

Melting Pt. ~35°C

20M @ 80°Cd

Wax

WP-660**

20% VP, 80% C30 olefin

Melting Pt. ~63°C

Flaked solid

Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.

**

VP= Vinylpyrrolidone, C4 alpha-olefin= 1-butene, C16 alpha-olefin= 1-hexadecene, C20 alpha-olefin= 1-eicosene, C30 alpha-olefin= 1-tricosene.

1

Brookfield, cP. a) RVT#2, 20rpm/10%solids; b) RVT#3, 20rpm/as is; c) RVT#2, 20rpm/neat; RVT# 5, 20rpm/neat.

2

Chemistry Antaron resins are copolymers produced from alpha-olefin and vinylpyrrolidone.

The alkyl component varies from a C-4 to C-30 moiety in concentrations from 10 to 80%. The combination of vinylpyrrolidone and alkyl functionalities produces a balance of dispersing and waterproofing capacity in the Antaron line.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

25

Performance polymers

PVP/VA polymers vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers

Applications PVP/VA polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. These properties, coupled with the ability to control their hydrophilicity through monomer composition, enable extensive industrial use: • In remoistenable, hot melt adhesives.

• In repulpable, pressure sensitive adhesives, where the water solubility of PVP/VA S-630 facilitates recycling.

• In a hot-melt adhesive for a diaper wetness indicator system.

• As a binder for dry-film photoresists.

PVP/VA polymer resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the freeradical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone.

PVP/VA polymers are thermoplastic resins with molecular weights ranging from approximately 15M-60M. Their glass transition temperatures vary from 70 to 115°C and hydrophilicity increases with vinylpyrrolidone content.

PVP/VA polymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70%), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. PVP/VA polymers with 60 and 70% vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50% aqueous solutions.

• In solder masks utilizing aqueous processing.

• Inkjet coatings improves print receptivity.

Physical Properties

26

Chemistry

PVP/VA Grade

Supplied As

~Mw

Glass Transition Temp. of Copolymer in °C; low to high Mw Range

E-335, -535, -635, -735

50% Ethanol solution

29,000-57,000

69, 96, 106, 117

I-335, -535, -735

50% IPA solution

13,000-22,000

71, 89, 108

W-635, -735

50% Aqueous solution

15,000-27,000

99, 114

S-630

Dry powder

51,000

110

In addition to being soluble in alcohols, PVP/VA polymers dissolve in esters and ketones but are insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The water-soluble PVP/VA polymers exhibit a 5% aqueous cloud point, i.e. the 60% vinylpyrrolidone content resin has a minimum critical solution temperature of 68°C.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Chemical capabilities

Antara™ (Polectron™ 430) polymer

Vinylpyrrolidone/Alkylaminomethacrylate and Alkylaminomethacrylamide copolymers

Sold as Antara 430 PVP/Polystyrene latex in Europe and Asia Pacific.

Applications Antara 430 polymer, with a glass transition temperature of approximately 100°C, gives transparent, thermoplastic films that readily adhere to glass, plastics and metals. The emulsion, compatible with many polymers and surfactants, is typically used as: • An opacifier and thickener for cleaning products.

• Hydrophobic coating for inkjet recording media.

• Oil-resistant coatings.

See pages 27 – 30

• Cold-seal adhesive component.

Applications Chemistry Antara 430 polymer is a white, thermoplastic, 38-41% solids, latex produced as a graft, emulsion copolymer of 30% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 70% styrene in the presence of an anionic surfactant. The size distribution of the emulsion is such that 90% of the particles are <0.5 micron with a maximum 25°C viscosity of 750cps @ pH 2.0-5.0. Polectron 430 polymer is thermally and mechanically stable in the presence of a variety of ionic compounds. The viscosity is unaffected after three freeze-thaw cycles between ambient and -20°C; the emulsion is unbroken at 25°C after 1/2 hr @ 10,000 rpm and does not coagulate on addition of 1% hydrochloric acid, calcium chloride, alum or sodium borate.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

These polymers have a number of unique properties such as substantivity to anionic materials that make them useful as: • Dye receptors in inkjet and digital printing media.

• Adjuvant for electrodeposition of copper in printed circuit board fabrication.

Chemistry The copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl-methacrylate (VP/DMAEMA, X=O, y=2) or vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide (VP/DMAPMA, X=N, y=3) are supplied as viscous solutions in either water or ethanol. These polymers serve to a great extent as precursors for cationic polymers through quaternization reactions on the pendant tertiary amino function. They are described on the following pages.

27

Performance polymers

Sorez™ HS-205 and Gafquat™ copolymers

Gafquat HS-100 polymers

vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymers (VP/ DMAEMA)

vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride copolymer

Two VP/DMAEMA copolymers are quaternized with diethylsulfate-producing Gafquat 755/755N and Gafquat 734 vP/dMaeMa, which give transparent, glossy, tack free, flexible films. The polymers are substantive to negatively charged surfaces and compatible with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.

The copolymer of methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) and vinylpyrrolidone, Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride opolymer gives transparent, glossy and tack-free flexible films. Amide linkage in the MAPTAC moiety imparts greater hydrolysis resistance. Typical of this cationic polymer family, Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/ methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride opolymer is substantive to negatively charged surfaces and compatible with anionic and amphoteric surfactants. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

Physical Properties

28

Product

Solution

Mw1

Tg

Brookfield Viscosity2

Copolymer 845

20% H20

1,000,000

172°C

20,000-70,000

Copolymer 937

20% H20

1,000,000

104°C

20,000-70,000

Copolymer 958

50% Ethanol

80,000-150,000

100°C

60,000-90,000

Gafquat 755/755N VP/DMAEMA

20% H20

1,000,000

155°C/149°C

20,000-70,000

Gafquat 734 VP/ DMAEMA

50% Ethanol

60,000-110,000

140°C

30,000-70,000

Sorez HS205 VP/ DMAEMA

20% H20

1,000,000

172°C

20,000-70,000

1

Determined by GPC using polyethyleneoxide standard.

2

cP as is, @22-23°C, RVT #7, 30 rpm.

Physical Properties

1

Product

Solution

Mw1

Tg

Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/ methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride opolymer

20% H20

900,0001,200,000

184°C

Brookfield Viscosity2 50,000125,000

Determined by GPC using polyethyleneoxide standard.

2

cP as is, @22-23°C, RVT #7, 30 rpm.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Styleze™ CC-10, ViviPrint™ 131 and Setleze™ 3000 copolymers vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer

Styleze W polymers vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/ methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride terpolymer

Applications • Digital printing media (ViviPrint 131 vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer).

• Settling agent for hard surface cleaner (Setleze 3000 vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer).

• Thickener for strong acid formulations such as toilet bowl cleaners.

Physical Properties Properties

Applications

Styleze CC-10 vinylpyrrolidone/ ViviPrint 131 and Setleze dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide 3000 vinylpyrrolidone/ copolymer dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer

• Inkjet receptive media.

Physical Properties Physical form

Slightly hazy aqueous solution

6,000-24,000

% Solids

10% (W-10), 20% (W-20)

1,500,000-2,000,000

pH (as is)

3.5-5.0

Nanoparticles No

Yes

Neutralized

H2SO4

HCI

Viscosity

<5000 cP (W-10) 40,000-100,000 (W-20)

Tg

161°C

167°C

Molecular weight

2,700,000

pH (as is)

6.0-8.0

6.5-7.8

Viscosity (cP)

10,000-35,000

Mw

1,200,000-1,500,000

Tg 135°C Chemistry These high molecular weight copolymers have a strong affinity for anionically charged substrates, which can be further enhanced through quaternization.

It produces transparent, flexible, high-gloss coatings with improved water resistant. Cross-linking significantly improves water resistance. Presence of the amide linkage imparts greater hydrolysis resistance. Compatible with nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactant, soluble in ethanol and water, insoluble (Styleze CC-10 vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer) and partially soluble (ViviPrint 131 and Setleze 3000 vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer) in acetone. ViviPrint and Setleze vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer are produced by a proprietary in-situ process resulting in a 2-phase matrix consisting of soluble copolymer and nanoscale particles approximately 320 nm in size that impart improved water-resistance, light fastness and curl resistance in digital media applications.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Chemistry Styleze W polymers are random terpolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride. They promote and stabilize foam through their ability to reduce surface tension, excellent adhesion to high energy substrates and are flexible, elastic, low-tack and heat-resistant films. Additional solution viscosity improvements can be achieved by the addition of salts. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

29

Performance polymers

Styleze™ 2000 and Acrylidone™ LM polymers

UltraThix™ P-100 crosspolymer

vinylpyrrolidone/acrylic acid/lauryl methacrylate terpolymer

acrylic acid/VP crosspolymer

Applications • High efficacy styling gels.

• Rinse aid in automatic dish detergent.

• Metal quenching.

• Inkjet receptive media.

Physical Properties Physical form

White, free flowing powder

Molecular weight

1,010,000 (MALLS)

Tg 176°C

Applications • Clear gels.

• Emulsion Stabilizer.

Chemistry Styleze 2000 is a high molecular weight, film-forming anionic terpolymer composed of vinyl pyrrolidone and a acrylate backbone with a hydrophobic pendant C-12 chain. IT is insoluble in ethanol and water until neutralized for easy dispersion. Exhibits synergistic thickening when combined with associative rheology modifiers.

Physical Properties Physical form

White, powder

Acid Number

340 - 390

Viscosity (1% aq., 75% neutralized)

35,000 - 65,000 cps

Chemistry Ultrathix P-100 is an anionic polymer. It is a shear thinning rheology modifier with high Brookfield yield to suspend solids. Compatible with anionic, nonionic and some cationic polymers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

30

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Vinylcaprolactam polymers

Copolymer VC-713 polymer

Applications

vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate terpolymer

Vinylcaprolactam-derived polymers give hard, glossy transparent films with excellent adhesive and cohesive properties. These products are also available in 2-butoxyethanol for application as kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors. The polymers also find use in many of the markets noted for polyvinylpyrrolidone. In general, vinylcaprolactam imparts reduced water solubility and cloud point relative to vinylpyrrolidone-based polymers while enhancing the hydrophobicity of the resin.

Sold as Gaffix™ VC-713 vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate terpolymer in North America.

Gas Hydrate Inhibitors A range of V-Cap™ and V-Pyrol™ homo- and copolymers are available in a variety of solvents to facilitate uninterrupted flow in natural gas field pipelines at varying environments defined by brine content, temperature, pressure, composition and residence time from field to collection point. They are cited below as Inhibex™ polymers.

Applications • Gas hydrate inhibition.

• Flocculating agent.

Physical Properties Polymer

Monomer Composition

Solution

Mw1

Viscosity2

Inhibex 301

VCL/DEAEMA

50% butoxyethanol

6-9x103

5000-10000

Inhibex 501

50% VCL/ 50% VP

50% butoxyethanol

5-8x103

3000-6000

Inhibex 505

VCL/VP/AMPS

40% Aqueous Ethylene Glycol

3-5x103

1000-5000

VCL/HEMA

50% butoxyethanol

2-4x103

2000-10000

VCL/VOH/VA

55% butoxyethanol

2-4x10

Inhibex 510 Inhibex BIO-800 1 2

Determined by GPC using polyethylene oxide standard Brookfield cP, as is, @25°C, RVT #3, 20rpm

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

• Film former in hair styling products.

• Inkjet receptive media.

Physical Properties Physical form

Viscous ethanol solution

Molecular weight

82,700

Tg 152°C Chemistry

3

2500-7500

Vinyl caprolactam imparts increased hydrophocity and reduces tack. Water soluble film former, pseudo-cationic functionality, substantive to negatively charged surfaces. Quaternization yields cationic polymer; compatible with anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants, silicones and thickeners.

31

Performance polymers

Aquaflex™ SF-40 polymer

Aquastyle™ 300 tetrapolymer

vinylcaprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide terpolymer

tetrapolymer of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl caprolactam, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide and methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride

Applications Applications

• Film-forming polymer in hair styling products.

• Film-forming polymer in hair styling products.

Physical Properties Physical Properties Physical form

Clear viscous ethanol solution

Molecular weight

37,500

Tg 119°C

Physical form

Aqueous-alcoholic viscous liquid

% Active

~30%

Relative Viscosity (1% in 0.2 N LiNO3)

1.90 - 2.35

Molecular Weight

~35,000

Chemistry

Tg 160°C

Transparent, flexible glossy films; pseudo-cationic, substantive to negatively charged surfaces; quaternization yields cationic polymer; decreased tackiness and improved hydrocarbon compatibility due to V-Cap™ reactive monomer; water and ethanol soluble. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

Cloud Point

46°C (4% solids in aqueous solution)

Chemistry Transparent, flexible glossy film, cationic substantive to negative charged surfaces.

Association with hydrophobically modified gellant to increase viscosity over nonionic polymers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

32

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Sorez™ 100 copolymer polyethylene glycol polyester copolymer Applications • Soil release agent in laundry detergents, fabric softeners and pre-and post-wash stain removers.

• Ironing aid.

Physical Properties Physical form

Slightly turbid amber liquid

% Solids

75-77%

Chemistry A modified polyester copolymer concentrate in water-soluble form. The product imparts wicking properties to hydrophobic textiles. It provides soil release and anti-redeposition properties while reducing the electrostatic charge of treated polyester. The polymer forms a thin film on the substrate, enabling effective soil removal during subsequent wash cycles.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

33

Performance polymers

RheoThix™ 601 thickening agent

Aquaflow™ (Hydrophobically Modified Polyacetal-Polyethers)

sodium polyacrylate

Aquaflow rheology modifiers are nonionic synthetic associative thickeners.

Thickening results from self-association and association with the latex particles.

They are surface active, stable over a broad pH range (4 - 12), and more salt tolerant than commercial HEURs (Hydrophobe-modified Ethoxylated Urethanes).

Aquaflow product line contains both high-shear and low-shear nonionic thickeners.

Applications • Adhesives.

• Caulking.

• Sealants.

APPLICATIONS • Inks.

Physical Properties Physical form

Off-white, milky dispersion

% Active

57-59

Viscosity

500 - 2000 cP

• Water-based adhesives.

• Water-based coatings.

Physical Properties Chemistry RheoThix 601 thickening agent is an anionic, pseudo-plastic thickening agent, emulsifying and stabilizing ingredient that improves performance. It can be incorporate into the water phase, into the oil phase and after the oil is emulsified to provide uniform thickening without neutralization, pre-swelling or pre-heating.

The recommended use level is 0.2 - 2.5% based on solid content.

Physical Properties

NLS-200

NLS-210

NLS-220

NHS-300

NHS310

XLS-500

XLS-525

% solids

25

25

21

20

21

40

34

Carrier

Water/ butyl carbitol

Water/ butyl carbitol

Water

Water

Water

Water/ surfactants

Water/ surfactants

Approx Viscosity, cps

4,000

3,000

2,000

5,000

1,500

1,200

1,600

Shear

Low

Low

Low

High

High

Chemistry Aquaflow polymers have poly(acetal- or ketal-polyether) backbone that are either linear or branched. The polyethers (as precursors for the final polymer) are water soluble polyalkylene oxide or copolymers of polyalkylene oxides. The hydrophobes are chosen to balance rheological properties and hydrophobic/ hydrophilic interactions.

34

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Gantrez™ copolymers

Physical Properties Grade

Viscosity1

Molecular Weight2

AN-119

0.1-0.5

130,000

AN-139

1.0-1.5

690,000

AN-149

1.5-2.5

1,250,000

AN-169

2.6-3.5

1,980,000

1

1% in MEK @25°C, Cannon Fenske, Tube Size 100

2

SEC/LALLS detector

Reaction of the anhydride functional group with essentially any molecule having an “active hydrogen” opens a wealth of opportunities to synthesize useful derivatives.

Chemistry

Gantrez AN copolymers polymethylvinylether/maleic anhydride copolymer Applications Because of their unique chemical structure and reactivities, Gantrez copolymers function well as:

Gantrez AN copolymers contain alternating units of methylvinylether and maleic anhydride. The fundamental character of this polymerization requires that a maleic anhydride unit must be adjacent to a methylvinylether unit and vice versa, resulting in a true alternating copolymer. As shown in the table above, Gantrez AN (anhydride form) copolymer is available in the molecular weight range of 130M-2500M. The polymers are white, hygroscopic powders soluble in tetrahydrofuran and M-Pyrol™ solvent; insoluble in aliphatic and halogenated hydrocarbons. All four grades have a glass transition temperature of 151-154°C, independent of molecular weight and form transparent, tack-free films.

• Dispersants for fluorescent light phosphors.

• Microcapsule clusterants in carbonless paper and latex systems.

• Complex coacervates with gelatin to form the microcapsule wall in carbonless paper.

• Calcium encrustation inhibitors in laundry detergents.

• Acid layers in diffusion transfer film to neutralize alkaline developers and dyes.

• Intermediates in adhesive applications and liquid laundry detergent stabilizers.

• Imide derivatives for anti-reflective layers on silicon wafers prior to photoresist coating and light exposure.

• Gas fade inhibitors for Spandex* fibers.

• Water retention aid in concrete.

• Metal sequestrant.

• Anionic polyacids.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

35

Performance polymers

Gantrez™ S copolymers

Gantrez ES copolymers

poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) copolymer

poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) half esters copolymer

Applications

Applications

• Calcium encrustation inhibitors in laundry detergents.

• Pigment dispersants in cosmetic formulations.

• Dispersant aid.

• pH-dependent soluble films (enteric coatings).

• Aluminum surface conditioning.

• Diagnostic test strips.

Chemistry

• Base-activated adhesive for peel-apart instant film.

Ethyl, isopropyl and n-butyl half esters are produced by opening up the anhydride in alcohol. These polymers, based on Gantrez AN-119 copolymer, are sold as 50% solutions in ethanol or isopropanol. They are water-soluble when neutralized greater than 40% using either an organic or inorganic base. Adhesive strength can be adjusted through controlling the degree of neutralization. Films are flexible, clear and glossy and have improved water resistance compared to Gantrez S copolymer.

Chemistry Gantrez S95 and S97 copolymers have repeating co-maleic acid units produced by hydrolysis of Gantrez AN copolymer. The polycarboxylic acid derivatives with a pH of ~2 at 5% concentration are available either as viscous solutions or white powders. The vicinal dicarboxylic acid functionality of these materials is useful in a number of applications. The free acid forms are water-soluble, giving clear and tacky films. Solution rheology can be modified by the addition of salts and bases.

Stabileze™ QM polymer poly(methylvinylether/maleic anhydride decadiene) crosspolymer

Gantrez MS copolymers poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) mixed-salts copolymer Applications

Applications Stabileze rheology modifiers yield clear, aqueous gels that are shear thinning and slightly thixotropic, having good shear, temperature and UV A radiation stability.

Stabileze crosspolymer is effective as a rheology modifier for:

• Bioadhesives.

• Thickener.

• Inkjet coatings.

• Coatings and inks.

• Sealants.

Chemistry

• Electroconductive gels.

Gantrez MS-955 copolymer is a mixed salt of sodium/calcium and is supplied as a free-flowing powder. The copolymer is soluble in water and produces solutions with high viscosity.

• Deicing fluids.

• Pigment dispersant.

Chemistry Stabileze QM polymer is produced in a manner similar to that of Gantrez AN copolymer but with the added monomer decadiene present to yield a crosslinked, water-swellable resin. The polymer is a white, free-flowing powder with a glass transition temperature of approximately 150°C. The solid can be dispersed in water without coagulating, and the anhydride function will hydrolyze directly or through the action of base. A neutralized 0.5% solution in water at pH 7 and 25°C has a viscosity range of 45,000-70,000 cP.

36

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant range

I-Rez™ 160 copolymer

(poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) -butyl ethyl ester, sodium salt)

isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer

8

8

Physical Properties Applications

Physical form

Free flowing white powder

• Dispersant for hydrophobic insectides, fungicides, herbicides.

Molecular weight

78,000-94,000

• Dispersant for hydrophobic organic compounds (fragrances, emollients, essential oils, etc.).

Tg 164°C

Chemistry Chemistry EasySperse dispersant is a copolymer of the monobutyl/ethyl ester of poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid) partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide. The material is supplied as a 25% aqueous solution and is an excellent film former.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

I-Rez 160 copolymer is a linear, alternating copolymer of isobutylene and maleic anhydride that forms transparent, tack-free films and reacts with alcohols/amines to yield half esters/amides. Soluble in aprotic solvents, and forms gels with ketones and esters. Water solubility control by degree of neutralization. Insoluble in alcohol and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

37

Performance polymers

Aquaflex™ FX-64 copolymer

Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer

isobutylene/ethylmaleimide/hydroxyethylmaleimide copolymer

isobutylene/dimethylaminopropyl maleimide/ethoxylatedmaleimide/ maleicacid copolymer

Applications • Film former.

• Adhesive/cohesive properties.

Applications • Film former, flexible coating with low coefficient of friction.

Physical Properties Physical form

Yellow viscous liquid

Molecular weight

39,000

Tg 135°C

Physical Properties Physical form

Straw-like hazy, viscous aqueous solution

Molecular weight

86,000

Chemistry Aquaflex FX-64 copolymer is an imidized isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer that produces low-tack, glossy films supplied as 40% hydroalcoholic solution. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

38

Chemistry Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer is an isobutylene dimethylaminopropylmaleimide/ ethoxylated maleimide/maleic anhydride copolymer that produces highly flexible, glossy and humidity-resistant films and forms clear gels with anionic rheology modifiers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Acrylates

Chemistry

ASI has a very comprehensive range of dispersant polymers to suit all applications that require this type of chemistry. The acrylic dispersant range have various applications and many of them are multi-purpose. Due to the molecular structure and/or monomer composition both the acrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers which be most suited to different scale or dispersing/stabilizing applications.

Linear anionic polyelectrolytes - fully water soluble that act via electrostatic and steric effects. They are available as sodium, (S), ammonium,(A), and partially neutralized,(HN), solutions. Typical molecular weights between 1500 and 6500 and polydispersity between 1.5-2.5 and range of degree of neutralization.

Copolymers

Applications • Water conditioning, (boiler and cooling water), oilfield, paint and pigment, inks dispersion, oilfield scale and thinning applications. In oilfield minerals requiring inhibition also include barium and strontium whereas in water conditioning it is mainly calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc.

Product

Type

Active solids (%)

pH

Mw

PD

Jaypol HS61

Sulphonated

40

~4

4500 – 6500

2.0 - 2.5

Jaypol HN70

Maleic

45

~7

1500 - 2500

1.5 – 2.0

• Dispersants for adhesives generally use the ammonium salt rather than the sodium salt of the polymer.

Jaypol S71**

Maleic

50

~7

20000

1.5 – 2.0

Jaypol F

Isobutylmethacrylate

40

~7

4500 – 6500

2.0 – 2.5

• Calcium carbonate dispersion in both mineral processing industries to transport the minerals such as calcium carbonate, talc, etc for paper coatings.

Jaypol AF

Isobutylmethacrylate

40

~7

4500 – 6500

2.0 – 2.5

Jaypol HSD

Methacrylic/ butylacrylate

38

~7

_

2.0 – 2.5

Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.

**

polyacrylic acid homopolymers

Chemistry Acrylic acid copolymers are polymerized with various comonomers such as maleic anhydride, sulphonated monomers such as AMPS, methacrylic acid, and isobutylmethacryate. There are available as sodium (S) and partially neutralized (HS) solutions. They have improved scale-inhibition compared to AA homopolymers in some applications with higher temperature and salt tolerance stability, improved threshold inhibition, crystal growth inhibition and particulate dispersion.

Physical Properties Product

Active solids (%)

pH

Mw

PD

JaypolTM S40

40

~7

4500 - 6500

2.0 - 2.5

Jaypol S44

40

~7

4500 – 6500

2.0 - 2.5

Jaypol A40

40

~7

4500 – 6500

2.0 – 2.5

Jaypol HN43

48

~3.5

2000- 3000

1.5 – 2.0

Jaypol HN44

45

~5

4500 - 6500

2.0 – 2.5

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

39

Performance polymers

Acrylates (continued) Methacrylic Acid/Ethylacrylate copolymers Methacrylic Acid / Ethyl Acrylate copolymers act as thickeners. They are alkali swellable (ASE) or hydrophobically modified alkali swellable (HASE) polymers.

They are generally used in aqueous, highly filled and surfactant systems.

applications

Physical Properties Product

Type

Active Salt solids tolerance (%)

Temperature Solution tolerance quality

Jaypol AS40

A.S.E

30

Low

High

Clear with slight opalescence

Pseudoplastic; drop flow/ plastic nature

Jaypol AS100

A.S.E

30

Moderate

High

Clear water white

Pseudoplastic; gel

Rheology type (at 0.8% solution)

Product

Area

Jaypol EM15

A.S.E

18

Low

High

Clear water white

Pseudoplastic; stringy nature

Jaypol™ EM15

• “Flocculant” in oilfield • Textile rheology modifier – carpet backing

Jaypol AT1

H.A.S.E

30

High

Moderate

Clear water white

Newtonian flow

Jaypol AT2

H.A.S.E

30

High

Low

Jaypol AS40

• Matt emulsion paint • Wood coatings • Spray applications • Adhesives/Sealants

Clear water white

Hybrid rheology; flow

Jaypol AT4

H.A.S.E

30

High

Low

Clear water white

Pseudoplastic; drop flow/gel

Jaypol AS100**

• Low quality mat paint • Wood coatings • Spray applications • Adhesives/Sealants • HI&I

Jaypol AT1

• Gloss • Semi-gloss paint

Jaypol AT2**

• Semi-gloss paint • Screen printing inks • Flexographic printing inks and over lacquers • HI&I

Jaypol AT4

• Matt/emulsion paint • Adhesives • Wood coatings • Screen printing inks • HI&I

Chemistry

Methacrylic Acid/Ethylacrylate copolymers are supplied as aqueous emulsions at pH 2 – 3 with typical molecular weights 20000 to 40000. They are supplied with a range of cross-linking and hydrophobicity to optimize rheological properties and develop rheology by swelling mechanism of addition of suitable alkali with optimum rheology development between pH 6 – 12.

Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.

**

Liquid Dispersion Polymers Jaypol AL range is high molecular weight liquid dispersion polymers which when added to water swell to give thickening. The polymers are effective over a pH range of 4 to 12. One shot additive that can be incorporated at any stage of the formulation manufacturing process and can provide an opacifier effect.

40

Product

Active solids (%)

Textural response

pH

Paint

Adhesive Sealants

Textiles HI&I

Jaypol AL

60

~7

S

P

P

Jaypol AL2

60

P

P

Jaypol 213

50

Promoting texture, spread ability – non flow rheology Secondary effect produces opacity

~6 ~4

S

P

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Acrylates (continued)

Polyamine

self cross-linking emulsions The Jaypol™ B series are coating film-forming polymer with varying degrees of tensile strength and abrasion resistance. They are colorless films used as replacement or in conjunction with urea/formaldehyde or melamine/ formaldehyde. Jaypol B2 and B3 offer softer more flexible films than Jaypol B5.

Applications

Product name

% active

Viscosity (cP)

Rapifloc™ CS-3WPG

50

350

Rapifloc 83

50

175

Rapifloc 85

50

350

Rapifloc 87

50

650

Rapifloc 87HV

50

5000

Rapifloc CS-3WG is the potable water grade.

• Textiles • Adhesives

PolyDADMAC

• Co-binder in paints and coatings • Automotive

Product name

% active

Viscosity (cP)

Jaypol R conc***

40

2000

***Also available as a low solids version.

Physical Properties

Primary coagulant for water clarification, potable water and reduces or eliminates the need for prior addition of inorganic coagulants.

• White aqueous emulsion • Self cross-linking

Improves “wet fastness” properties of direct and reactive dyes.

Product

Type

pH

Tg

Deposit (trash) control in papermaking process.

Jaypol B3

EA:MAA:NMA:MMA

4

8

Jaypol B5

EA:MAA:NMA:MMA

4

28

Homo and co-polymers of acrylamide

Jaypol B2HC

EA:MAA:NMA:MMA

8

-14

Supplied in a wide range of physical forms: solution, liquid dispersion, and (LDP), emulsion or powder grade.

PolyDADMAC and Polyamine

Supplied in a range of anionic to cationic products (Rapifloc A and C series), along with the non-ionic powder Rapifloc N-10008.

Supplied in a wide varying molecular weight range, cross linking, charge densities and active contents, and there use is specific to the desired application.

The main application areas are:

They are supplied as variable molecular weight at 40 -50% active solution polymers, with a high degree of cationic charge, and are effective over a wide pH range. They act by the destabilization of colloidal particles and charge neutralization. There primary application is as coagulants for the removal of turbidity, colloidal material and the precipitation of color.

They are also used as dye fixatives for the textiles applications.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Oilfield, Civil engineering: Mud viscosifier, shale swell inhibition and friction reducers Agriculture: Anti-capping, erosion control, improved water filtration, hydro-seeding lubricants and water absorbents.

They are also used as alternative rheology modifiers for extreme acid and alkali formulations.

41

Performance polymers

Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ carboxymethyl cellulose

Physical Properties CMC Category Grade

L

Ultra Low

7UL

Extra Low

7EL

Low-Low

7L1 7L2

150 - 250

6%

7L3

400 - 750

6%

Low-High Medium-Low

M

Medium-High

Batteries / Electronics

High-Low

Applications Lithium Ion Batteries Carbon Dispersant

Binder, Film Former, Dispersion Rheology Modifier, Suspension Agent, Binder, Extrusion Aid, Water Flow Blocking Agent

Civil Engineering, Building and Construction

42

Product Types or Functions

Commercial and Institutional - Light Industry

Industrial Cleaners

Anti-redeposition Aid, Rheology Controller

Mining and Extraction

Mineral Processing, Mining

Selective Flotation Depressant, Pellet Binder, Mineral Dispersant

Adhesives and Sealants

Adhesives and sealants

Suspension Agent, Thickener, Film Former

Advanced Ceramics

Advanced Ceramics

Binder (Plasticizer and Green Strength), Rheology Modifier, Controlled Water Release, Suspension Agent

Ceramics, Pottery and Porcelain

Ceramic Glazes, Traditional Ceramics

Binder, Film Former, Green Strength Additive, Rheology Modifier, Suspension Agent, Thickener, Water-retention Agent

Foundries and Refractories

Refractories

Binder, Green Strength Enhancer, Rebound or Slumping Reducer, Stabilization Agent

Housewares and Consumer

Freezer Gel

Gel Enhancer, Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent, Thickener

Textiles

Textiles

Film Former, Rheology Modifier, Sizing Agent, Thickener

Tobacco

Reconstituted Tobacco, Leave Glue

Binder, Suspension Agent

Pulp and Paper

Paper, Paper Coatings, Pigment Slurries

Rheology Modifier, Suspension and Stabilization Agent, Thickener, Water-retention Enhancer

12

Range

Concentration

12UL

10 - 25

6%

20 - 60

6%

90 - 130

6%

9EL

7L

25 - 50

2%

7M1

50 - 100

2%

100 - 200

2%

7M2

9M2

7M 7M8

9M8

12M8

7M12

APPLICATIONS Markets

Medium

9

Viscosity limits, mPa•s @ 25 °C

7

Low-Medium

CMC is a cellulose ether, produced by reacting alkali cellulose with sodium monochloroacetate under controlled conditions. It is an anionic water soluble polymer.

DS Type

Type

H

High High-High

7M31

9M31

7M65

9M65

7H 7H4

9H4

12M31

300 - 600

2%

200 - 800

2%

600 - 1200

2%

1500 - 3100

2%

3000 - 6500

2%

1500 - 2500

1%

2500 - 4500

1%

7H5S

3500 - 5500

1%

7H9

4000 - 9000

1%

The top figure shows the structure of the cellulose molecule; it is visualized as a polymer chain composed of repeating cellulose units (in brackets). These, in turn, are composed of two anhydroglucose units (ß-glucopyranose residues). In this structure, n is the number of anhydroglucose units (which are joined through 1,4 glucosidic linkages), or the degree of polymerization, of cellulose.

Each anhydroglucose unit in the polymer contains three hydroxyl groups. By substituting carboxymethyl groups for some of the hydrogens of these hydroxyls, as shown in the bottom figure, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is obtained. The average number of hydroxyl groups substituted per anhydroglucose unit is known as the “degree of substitution,” or DS. For example, DS Type “7” has a DS of 0.7. If all three hydroxyls are replaced, the maximum theoretical DS of 3.0 (impossible in practice) results.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

AquaVIS™ ETD polymers

Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers

Carboxymethyl cellulose

Ambergum water-soluble polymers are low molecular weight cellulose polymers supplied as either powder or aqueous solution. They provide viscosity control and wetting uniformity. In addition, the anionic versions of Ambergum water-soluble polymers show dispersion properties, useful in many applications to stabilize particles.

AquaVIS ETD polymers are easy to disperse, high-quality, water-soluble polymers designed to control rheology and water retention of many water-based fluid systems such as bentonite based slurries. They provide all the known properties and advantages of carboxymethyl cellulose ethers (CMC) in rheology control, but provide faster dissolution without the known drawbacks such as aggregates and gels; the need for high shear mixing; and the resulting wastage due to incomplete mixing and dissolution. They are designed to maximize polymer benefits in bentonite-based drilling fluids for civil engineering applications such as well-water drilling, horizontal drilling and slurry-wall construction in equipment limited situations.

AquaVIS ETD polymers are powders that easily disperse and dissolve quickly even under on-site poor mixing conditions.. When dispersed in aqueous systems, AquaVIS ETD polymers produce near instantaneous, lump-free, and viscous solutions/suspensions. The polymers will also dissolve in near freezing cold-water applications AquaVIS ETD polymers are used as a fluid rheology modifier, water retention agent, fluid loss reducer, protective colloid and stabilizer against contaminants.

AquaVIS ETD polymers can be used either alone (polymer systems) or in combination with minerals, such as bentonite clay. The AquaVIS ETD polymers series are NSF ANSI-60 approved ensuring quality and consistency for use in portable water drilling applications.

Applications • Lithographic Fountain Solutions - Ambergum water-soluble polymers are a cost-effective alternative to gum arabic to provide clean viscosity control and unique rheology in gumming and fountain solutions. They function as wetting agents and can replace isopropyl alcohol in some systems. Ambergum water-soluble polymers are produced from reliable and stable raw material sources. When used in fountain solutions, they can help prevent emulsification, bleeding of the ink and can provide more uniform wetting of the printing plate.

• Civil Engineering – Ambergum 1221 water-soluble polymers provide rheology control and enhance fluid loss control when used with bentonite in tunneling and drilling applications.

Product

Charge

Physical State

% Active

Ambergum 1221 water-soluble polymer

Anionic

Free flowing powder

100%

Ambergum 3021 water-soluble polymer

Anionic

Pale amber liquid

30%

Ambergum 3085 water-soluble polymer

Nonionic

Pale yellow-green liquid

40%

The polymers can also be used in most any industrial applications were classical carboxymethly cellulose water soluble polymers are used. They share all the benefits of classical CMC’s like rheology modification and control without the drawback of slow dissolution and aggregation. Additional markets are: • Explosives manufacture • Ceramic glaze • Waterborne adhesives

Product

Viscosity (mPa)

AquaVIS ETD MV polymer

250-6001

AquaVIS ETD VHV polymer

3300-45002

Appearance

Moisture

pH

Purity

Free flowing offwhite powder

8% maximum

6.0-8.0

Minimum 98%

AquaVIS ETD UHV Min 50002 polymer 1

2% Brookfield LV 25 °C/30rpm

2

1% Brookfield LV 25 °C/30rpm

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

43

Performance polymers

Natrosolâ&#x201E;˘, Natrosol B hydroxyethyl cellulose

Natrosol hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), a nonionic, water-soluble polymer is a white, free-flowing granular powder. Solutions of Natrosol HEC are pseudoplastic or shear-thinning. Natrosol HEC is easily dissolved in cold or hot water to give crystal clear solutions of varying viscosities. Furthermore, low to medium molecular weight types are fully soluble in glycerol and have good solubility in hydroalcoholic systems containing up to 60 percent ethanol. Natrosol HEC is generally insoluble in organic solvents.

44

Applications Markets

Applications

Product Types or Functions

Building and Construction

External Insulation and Finishing Systems (EIFS), Joint Compound, Spray Textures, Tile Adhesives, Caulks and Sealants, Welding Rods

Bond Strengthener, Lubricity and Workability Enhancer, Rheology Modifier, Stabilizer, Suspension Agent, Suspension Agent and Stabilizer

Commercial and Institutional

Fiberglass, Industrial Cleaners

Formation Aid, Rheology Controller, Thickener

Energy

Cement Slurries, Completion/Workover Fluids

Cement Extender, Filtration Control Additive, Rheology Modifier

Adhesives and Sealants

Wallpaper adhesives Latex adhesives Plywood adhesive

Thickening and lubricity Thickening and water-binding Thickening and solids holdout

Advanced Ceramics

Advanced Ceramics

Suspension Agent

Ceramics, Pottery and Porcelain

Traditional Ceramics

Suspension Agent

Paint and Coatings

Emulsion Polymerization, Waterborne Architectural Coatings

Protective Colloid, Surface Activity, Rheology Modifier

Building and Construction

External Insulation and Finishing Systems (EIFS), Joint Compound, Spray Textures, Tile Adhesives, Caulks and Sealants, Welding Rods

Bond Strengthener, Lubricity and Workability Enhancer, Rheology Modifier, Stabilizer, Suspension Agent, Suspension Agent and Stabilizer

Commercial and Institutional

Fiberglass, Industrial Cleaners

Formation Aid, Rheology Controller, Thickener

Energy / Civil Engineering

Hydraulic Cements Cement Slurries, Completion/Workover Fluids

Cement Extender, Filtration Control Additive, Rheology Modifier

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Natrosol™ HEC, Natrosol B HEC (continued) Viscosity specification of Natrosol (mPa•s) at 25 °C Viscosity measured at a concentration of

Brookfield LVF setting

Molecular Weight1

B-types**

Non-B

Non-R

1%

2%

5%

Spindle

RPM

HHBR

HHR

HH

3.400-5.000

–

–

4

30

1.3 x 106

H4BR

H4R

–

2.600-3.300

–

–

3

30

1.1 x 106

HBR

HR

H

1.500-2.500

–

–

3

30

1.0 x 106

MHBR

MHR

–

1.000-1.500

–

–

3

30

–

MBR

MR

M

–

4.500-6.500

–

4

60

7.2 x 105

–

KR

–

–

1.500-2.500

–

3

30

–

–

GR

G

–

250-450

–

2

60

3.0 x 105

–

JR

–

–

–

250-400

2

60

–

–

–

E

–

25-105

–

–

–

–

–

–

J

–

–

150-400

–

–

–

–

LR

L

–

–

100-180

1

30

9.0x 104

** B-biostable grade 1 molecular weight is estimated or calculated from intrinsic viscosity measurements

Chemistry The Natrosol HEC polymer is a hydroxyethyl ether of cellulose. The structure of the cellulose molecule shows its chain composed of anhydroglucose units.

By treating cellulose with sodium hydroxide and reacting with ethylene oxide, hydroxyethyl groups are introduced to yield a hydroxyethyl ether. B grades are more biostable with enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation due to their substitution pattern.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

45

Performance polymers

Aqualon™ EC

physical properties

ethyl cellulose

Ethoxyl Grade(b) and Ethoxyl Percent Viscosity(a) Types

N-Grade

T-Grade

X-Grade

Limits (cps)

48.0-49.5%

49.6-51.5%

50.5-53.8%

4

3.0-5.5

X

—

—

7

5.6-8.0

X

—

—

10

8.0-11

X

X

—

14

12-16

X

—

—

22

18-24

X

—

X(c)

50

40-52

X

X

—

100

80-105

X

X

—

200

150-250

X

X

300

250-350

X

X

Designation

Aqualon ethylcellulose (EC) is a cellulose ether distinguished by its versatility.

As a unique product with wide-ranging solvent solubility and film flexibility at low temperatures, ethylcellulose is frequently used in electronics in addition to a variety of other applications. EC provides high solution clarity, good thermal stability, even burnout and has very low decomposition temperatures.

Aqualon EC is a key binder for gravure printing inks as well as a thickening binder in flexographic and screen printing inks. In these applications, Aqualon EC polymers provide scuff resistance, adhesion, fast solvent release, film formation and outstanding rheology control.

Aqualon EC is soluble in a wide range of organic solvents, but is not water-soluble.

APPLICATIONS

46

Markets

Applications

Product Types or Functions

Electronics

Solar Cells Plasma Display Panel

Binder, Film Former, Rheology Modifier, Thickener

Packaging, Converting and Printing

Inks

Binder, Film Former, Rheology Modifier, Thickener

(a)

5 % solution at 25° C. Viscosity is determined in 80:20 toluene:ethanol by weight on oven dried EC sample

(b)

types produced are designated X

(c)

Viscosity is 18-35 cps

—

Chemistry Ethylcellulose is a cellulose ether made by the reaction of ethyl chloride with alkali cellulose, as expressed by the reaction: RONa + C2H5CI ROC2H5 + NaCI, where R represents the cellulose moiety. The structure for the cellulose molecule is a chain of β anhydroglucose units joined together by acetal linkages.

This is indicated in above. These long, oxygen-linked anhydroglucose-unit chains have great strength, which is passed on to cellulose derivatives such as ethylcellulose. The properties of flexibility and toughness in these derivatives are directly attributable to this long-chain structure. The commercial product, has a substitution value between 2.25 and 2.60 ethoxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit, or 44-52 percent ethoxyl content.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Klucel™ HPC

Physical Properties Concentration in Water Brookfield Viscosity (25°C, LVF, Moisture Free)

hydroxypropyl cellulose 1 wt%

2 wt%

5 wt%

10 wt%

Mw

H

1,275 - 3,500

-

-

-

1,150,000

M

-

3500 - 7500

-

-

850,000

G

-

125 - 400

-

-

370,000

J

-

-

125 - 450

-

140,000

L

-

-

65 - 175

-

95,000

E

-

-

-

250 - 800

80,000

Grade

Klucel hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a nonionic water soluble cellulose ether with unique combination of properties, soluble in cold water and polar organic solvents, surface active, forms films of exceptional flexibility without addition of plasticizers and is a thermoplastic polymer which can be extruded or injection molded.

APPLICATIONS Markets

Applications

Printing & Inks

L ithography – alcohol replacement, water & solvent inks thickener

Suspension Polymerization

PVC secondary protective colloid, controls porosity

Injection Molding

Formation of intricate parts, binder for filler or active material

Ceramics

Processing aid, water retention, green body strength

Tobacco

Binder, film former, processing aid for reconstituted tobacco,

Paint Removers

Thickener, retard solvent loss, cling on vertical surface

Adhesives

Solvent based systems or hot melts

Encapsulation

Stabilizer, wall forming polymer

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Chemistry Hydroxypropylcellulose is manufactured by reacting alkali cellulose with propylene oxide at elevated temperatures and pressures. The propylene oxide can be substituted on the cellulose through an ether linkage at the three reactive hydroxyls present on each anhydroglucose monomer unit of the cellulose chain.

Published information suggests that etherification takes place in such a way that hydroxypropyl substituent groups contain almost entirely secondary hydroxyls.

The secondary hydroxyl present in a side chain is available for further reaction with the oxide, and chaining out may take place. This results in formation of side chains containing more than one mole of combined propylene oxide.

47

Performance polymers

Culminalâ&#x201E;˘, Benecelâ&#x201E;˘ methyl cellulose and its derivatives Chemistry Methylcellulose and its derivatives are made by reacting alkali-cellulose with methyl chloride (resulting in methylcellulose, MC) and ethylene oxide (resulting in Methyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose, MHEC) or propylene oxide (resulting in Methyl Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, MHPC) under rigidly controlled conditions.

The resultant nonionic polymers are purified, dried and ground to a fine white powder, which is readily soluble in cold water. Tradenames are Culminal (technical) and Benecel (purified).

48

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Methyl Cellulose

Features • Water Retention

Application Properties

- Higher viscosities have better water binding properties

• Cold water solubility

• Thermogelling temperature

• Solubility in organic solvents (special substitution)

- Higher methoxyl substitution leads to a lower thermogelling temperature

• Water retention

• Adhesive power

• Rheology control/thickening/stabilizing effect

- Lower viscosities giver better adhesion than higher viscosities

• Thermogelling

- Lower substitution level types give more adhesion

• Binding

• Quality of solution

• Protective colloid/suspension/emulsion effect

- Higher substitution leads to clearer solutions

• Adhesive power

• Gel strength

• Film formation

- Higher methoxyl substitution causes a higher thermogel strength

• Controlled release properties

Physical Properties • Active content on dry basis:

min 98%

• Moisture content:

Culminal™ max 8%

Benecel™ max. 5%

• Sodium Chloride content:

Culminal max 1.5%

Benecel max. 0.8%

• Bulk Density:

Culminal 200-550 g/l

Benecel 200-600 g/l

• Coarse max. 1% on 0.8mm & 55-90% on 0.2mm/ LaserDv50: 250min.-450max.

• P1-Type 3-10% on 0.2mm / LaserDv90: 255min.-330max.

• P-Type 1-8% on 0.2mm / LaserDv90: 255min.-330max.

• PF-Type max. 8% on 0.125mm / LaserDv90: 170min.250max.

• PFF-Type max. 40% on 0.063mm / LaserDv90: 170min.250max.

• R retarded dissolving version for easy solution make-up

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

49

Performance polymers

Culminal™, Benecel™ methylcellulose

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Type

Spec Average Viscosity Brookfield RVT (mPa•s) @20oC

OCH3 20% <=> 30%

POOH 2% <=> 12%

Benecel E3

3

high

high

Benecel E5

5

high

high

Benecel E6

6

high

high

Benecel E15

15

high

high

Culminal MHPC 15 S

15

high

high

• Designed for use as water retention aids, thickening and film-forming agents, protective colloids, suspending and emulsifying agent.

Benecel E50

50

high

high

Benecel F50

50

high

medium

• Thermogelling properties (Temperature lower than MHPC and MHEC)

Benecel F50 PFF

50

high

medium

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Type

Culminal MHPC 50

50

high

medium

Benecel K100LV

100

low

high

Benecel K99 C

100

low

high

Culminal MHPC 100

100

low

medium

Culminal MHPC 400 R

450

high

low

Benecel F450

500

high

medium

Culminal MHPC 500 PF

500

high

low

Benecel F4M C

4000

high

medium

Benecel K4M

4000

low

high

Spec Average Viscosity Brookfield RVT (mPa•s)

OCH3 20% <=> 30%

Benecel A15

15

high

Benecel A15C

1600

high

Benecel A40M

18500

high

Benecel A4C

450

high

Benecel A4M

4000

high

Culminal MHPC 3000 P1R

4000

high

low

Culminal MC 2000 S

2500

very high

Culminal MHPC 843

4000

medium

high

Culminal MC 3000 P

4000

medium

Benecel E4M

4100

high

high

Culminal MC 7000 PF

8000

medium

Benecel E10M

6700

high

high

Culminal MHPC 6000 PF

7000

high

low

Culminal MHPC 6000 R

7500

high

low

Benecel K15M

10000

low

high

Culminal MHPC 20000 S

15000

very high

low

Culminal MHPC 724

18500

high

medium

Culminal, Benecel methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC)

• Designed for use as adhesives, binders, extrusion aids, plasticizers, protective colloids, rheology modifiers, stabilization agents, thickeners and water-retention agents.

Benecel K35M

19000

low

high

Culminal MHPC 20000 P

24000

high

low

Culminal MHPC 20000 PFR

24000

high

low

Culminal MHPC 20000 PR

24000

high

low

Culminal MHPC 20000 R

24000

high

low

Benecel K100M

30000

low

high

Culminal MHPC 1034

30000

low

high

Culminal MHPC 1034 R

30000

low

high

Benecel K200M

60000

low

high

• Thermogelling properties depending on the substitution pattern

50

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance polymers

Culminal™ methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC)

Applications and related functions of Methyl Cellulose and its Derivatives Adhesives

Adhesive, Binder, Film Former

AgChem

Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent, Film Former

Emulsions

Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent

Ceramics Extrusion Aid, Binder, Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent

• Designed for use as adhesives, binders, extrusion aids, plasticizers, protective colloids, rheology modifiers, stabilization agents, thickeners and water-retention agents.

• Thermogelling properties depending on the substitution pattern (higher than MHPC’s)

Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent

Mineral Slurries

Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent

Mining

Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent

Paint Removers

Rheology Controller, Thickener, Film Former

Paper Coatings

Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent, Film Former

Pulp & Paper

Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent

Suspension Polymerization Protective Colloid, Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Type

Metal Processing

Spec Average Viscosity Brookfield RVT (mPa•s) @20oC

OCH3 20% <=> 30%

EOOH 1% <=> 10%

Culminal MHEC 3000 PFSM

3000

low

low

Benecel™ ME 233 P

4700

low

low

Combizell DE 6000 R

7000

high

low

Culminal MHEC 6000 PFS

7000

low

high

Culminal MHEC 6000 PR

7000

high

low

Culminal MHEC 8000

10000

low

high

Culminal MHEC 15000 PFF

20000

low

high

Culminal MHEC 15000 PFR

20000

low

high

Culminal MHEC 15000 PFS

20000

low

high

Combizell DE 25000 P 0 5 R

30000

low

high

Culminal MHEC 25000 PFF

30000

low

high

Culminal MHEC 35000 P1R

40000

low

high

Culminal C4053

45000

high

high

Culminal MHEC 40000 P1

45000

low

high

Culminal MHEC 40000 PF

45000

low

high

Culminal C4051

75000

high

high

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Tobacco Adhesive, Binder, Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent

51

Performance polymers

Galactasol™ guar

Physical Properties

Guar is a nonionic hydrocolloidal. It is not affected by ionic strength or pH, but will degrade at pH extremes at temperature (e.g. pH 3 at 50°C). It remains stable in solution over pH range 5-7. Strong acids cause hydrolysis and loss of viscosity, and alkalies in strong concentration also tend to reduce viscosity. It is insoluble in most hydrocarbon solvents. Guar gum shows high low-shear viscosity but is strongly shear-thinning. It is very thixotropic above 1% concentration, but below 0.3%, the thixotropy is slight.

Product Name

Grade

Viscosity

Hydration Rate

Comments

Galactasol

20H1M

1200 cps @ 1%

Moderate

Mix to disperse

Galactasol

20H2M

2000 cps @ 1%

Moderate

Mix to disperse

Galactasol

20H3C

3500 cps @ 1%

Slow

Coarse Type

Galactasol

20H4M

5000 cps @ 1%

Moderate

Mix to disperse

Galactasol

20H4F

4000 cps @ 1%

Fast Mix

Mix to disperse

Galactasol

20H5F1

5000 cps @ 1%

Fast

Mix to disperse

Galactasol

20H5FD

5000 cps @ 1%

Fast < pH 6

Dispersible type

Viscosity measured after 2 hours at 25°C on a Brookfield RVT viscometer at 20 rpm.

Chemistry Guar gum is a polysaccharide composed of the sugars, galactose and mannose. The backbone is a linear chain of β 1,4-linked mannose residues to which galactose residues are 1,6-linked at every second mannose, forming short side-branches.

Applications Textile

Used in printing and dyeing carpets

Paper Used in the mfg of white & cardboard paper for dry strength fiber retention and improving drainage and yields Fire Fighting Used as a viscosifier in fire retardant solutions dropped from airplanes to control the spread of forest fires Explosives

Used as a water blocking agent

Mining Electrowinning (Copper Purification), Froth Flotation AgChem

52

Hydro-mulching, Hydro-seeding, Drift Control

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Specialty chemicals

Escalol™ UV filters

Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants

Ashland offers a number of UV absorbers for industrial applications under the Escalol trademark. The three octyl-esters, Escalol 557, 587 and 597 UV absorbers, are high-boiling, water-insoluble liquids, have strong and broad absorption in the UV-B region between 290-320 nm and refractive indices in the range of 1.50-1.55.

The benzophenone derivatives, Escalol 567 and 577 UV absorber, are solids also having absorbance in the UV-B region.

Ashland has a broad family of water insoluble esters and hydroxyesters sold under the Ceraphyl™ and Cerasynt™ trademarks as lubricants, dispersants and emulsifiers. These chemicals typically are surface active and find use in HI&I, plastics, textile, photography, inks and coatings markets. A variety of esters are available with a range of properties, including liquids and waxy solids. In addition, amide and quaternary-ammonium salts are available.

A representative group of this product line is shown on the following page.

Physical Properties Grade

Chemical Name

Boiling or Melting Point

507

2-Ethylhexyl-pdimethylaminobenzoate

517

1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-terbutylphenyl) propan-1,3-dione

557

2-Ethylhexyl-p methoxycinnamate

567

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone

577

5-Benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2methoxybenzene sulfonic acid

587

2-Ethylhexyl salicylate

Bp 150°C @ 3mm Hg

598

2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3diphenylacrylate

Bp 218°C @ 1.5mm Hg

HMS

Homosalate

S **

2,2-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl] bis {5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]phenol}

Bp 362°C Mp – 81-86 °C Bp 198-200°C Mp 62°C min.

Mp >120°C

Mp – 80°C

Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.

**

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

53

Specialty chemicals

Product

Chemical Name

Applications

Product

Chemical Name

Applications

Ceraphyl™ 28

Hexadecyl lactate

• Tissue paper lotion • Printing plate protection

Ceraphyl ODS

Octyldodecyl stearate

• Polycarbonate mold release agent

Ceraphyl 31

Lauryl lactate

• Tissue paper lotion

Ceraphyl RMT

Castor oil monomaleate

Ceraphyl 41

C12 - C15 Alkyl lactate

• Plasticizing effects

Ceraphyl SLK

Isodecyl neopentanoate

Ceraphyl 45

Bis (2-ethylhexyl) malate

• Dispersant aid for electroluminescent devices

Cerasynt 945

Glyceryl stearate and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether

• Inkjet inks, pigment dispersion

Ceraphyl 50

Tetradecyl lactate

• Viscosity regulator in laundry detergents

Cerasynt IP

2-Hydroxyethyl stearate and ethylene glycol

• Opacifier and pearlizing agent

Ceraphyl 55

Tridecyl neopentanoate

Cerasynt M

2-Hydroxyethyl stearate

• Pearlizing agent • Liquid detergent compositions

Ceraphyl 140

Decyl oleate

Cerasynt PA

Propylene glycol monostearate

Ceraphyl 140A

Isodecyl oleate

• Hard surface cleaners • Asphalt microdispersions • Circuit board defluxing detergents

Cerasynt SD

Glyceryl stearate

Emulsynt™ 1055

Polyglyceryl-4-oleate

Emulsifier

Emulsynt GDL

Glyceryl Dilaurate

Emulsifier

Diisopropyl adipate

• Plasticizing effects • Lubricant • Hard surface cleaners • Erasable markers • Mold release agent • Inkjet inks

Ceraphyl 368 M

2-Ethylhexyl palmitate

• Circuit board cleaning • Pigment dispersment inkjet inks • Hard surface cleaners • Tissue paper lotion • Lubricant

Ceraphyl 375

Isostearyl neopentanoate

• Pigment dispersion

Ceraphyl 424

Tetradecyl tetradecanoate

• Hard surface cleaner • Dispersant in magnetic recording media

Ceraphyl 494

Isocetyl stearate

Ceraphyl 791

Isocetyl stearoyl stearate

• Pigment dispersions

Ceraphyl 847

Octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate

• Pigment dispersions • Polycarbonate mold release agent

Ceraphyl ICA

Isohexadecanol

• Pigment dispersions • Mold release • Graffiti removal • Polyester finishing agent

Ceraphyl NGA

Maleated soybean oil

Ceraphyl 230

54

• PVC plasticizer • Textile finishing surfactant • O/W emulsions

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Specialty chemicals

Micropowder™ Iron

Iron Pentacarbonyl (IPC)

carbonyl iron powders (CIP)

(Fe(CO)5)

Applications

Applications

Carbonyl iron powder is manufactured by the chemical decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. The resulting iron particles are uniform gray microscopic spheres with only traces of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Over 25 different grades of iron powder are manufactured through this process and marketed under the tradename Micropowder. Specific applications include:

Iron pentacarbonyl is an intermediate that has found utility in a variety of applications. In the past, it has been used as a fuel antiknock agent, a photochemical additive and an intermediate for many iron products. The most important current applications are:

• Radar absorbing materials (RAM).

• Catalyst: for coal liquefaction, Fischer-Tropsch hydroformylation, olefin isomerization and water gas shift reactions.

• Precision electronic cores.

• Precursor: for chemically pure iron, iron oxides, iron catalysts and thin iron films.

• Electromagnetic interference shielding products (EMI/RF).

• Desulfurization: removal of sulfur from coal and petroleum products.

• Metal Injection molding (MIM).

• High-performance powder metallurgy products.

Physical Properties

• Magnetic fluids.

Boiling point

103°C

• Halogen solvent waste remediation.

Melting point

-20°C

• Pharmaceutical iron supplement Ferronyl iron.

Specific gravity

1.453

Physical Properties

Chemistry

The fine size and high purity of the carbonyl iron powders are the principal reasons for their superior properties compared to other forms of elemental iron powders. Distinct characteristics of the Micropowder Iron products include:

Iron pentacarbonyl is a specialty chemical that is produced as an intermediate during the manufacture of carbonyl iron powders. It is produced from a high-pressure reaction between high grade iron and carbon monoxide. This organometallic compound exists as a liquid at room temperature. It may ignite spontaneously in air and is decomposed by heat to metallic iron and carbon monoxide. In air it decomposes to iron oxides, and in sunlight to iron nonacarbonyl. While Fe(CO)5 is highly reactive, it is stable in dark storage under nitrogen. It is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone or toluene and insoluble in water or liquid ammonia. It is unreactive with most acids.

• Very fine spherical size.

• Submicron to 10-micron particle diameter.

• High purity with up to 99.5% iron content.

• Unique onionskin structure with cubic crystalline lattice.

• Superior electromagnetic properties.

• Uniform particle size distribution.

Chemistry In terms of fundamental properties there are two product families, the “S” grades and “R” grades. The S grades are standard iron grades with a purity level of approximately 97.5%. The impurity is comprised of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and is the cause of the iron particle’s unique onionskin structure. R grades are higher purity iron grades with an average purity of 99.5%. Through a hydrogen reduction process most of the residual carbon and nitrogen have been removed from the iron particle producing a higher purity iron grade which is lower in durometer hardness and lacking the unique onionskin structure.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

55

Specialty chemicals

Drewplus™ defoamers

Base Carrier

Ashland’s foam control agents are economical to use and versatile. They have been developed for use in a variety of water-based industrial applications to provide superior antifoam performance activity and compatibility. They are readily dispersible, provide excellent long-term foam control persistency, highly effective on entrained, surface macro-foam and micro-foam, and offered in a wide range of chemistries (silica, silicone, organophically modified silicones, mineral oil, wax, etc.).

Base Carrier

Drewplus/ Advantage™ reference

Description

L-475

Silica/Mineral Oil

Graphic Art: Pigment dispersion Oil Well cementing

L-477K

Silica/Mineral Oil

Kocher Printing Ink

Y-381

Wax/Mineral Oil

Inks and Latex Systems

L-464

Silica/Wax/Mineral Oil

Inks and Latex Systems

AM-1512

TW-4503

Mineral based Oil Technology

56

Applications

Hydrophobic silica in mineral oil (9% active)

PSA Adhesives, Oil Well Cementing, Fracturing

Silica/Wax/Mineral Oil

Fracturing S-PVC, Acrylic emulsion, Industrial Inks

Mineral based Oil Technology Continued

Boosted Mineral Oil based Technology

Drewplus/ Advantage reference

Description

Applications

210-951 (smokeless winter version of L-493)

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

Industrial Inks

L-1311

Oil Based extended

Coating Inks, Adhesives, Can be used in High Gloss systems

L-131

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

Pressure Sensitive Adhesives PVA emulsions Acrylic emulsions

L-198

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

Acrylic emulsions, PSA Adhesives

L-768

Silicone/Silica +Compatibilizer

Metal working fluids

T-4507

Silica/Mineral Oil (Aggressive version)

Adhesives and Coatings, Acrylic PVA SBR

T-4304

Aggressive Silica/Mineral Oil (Self-Emulsifying – Spreads Quickly throughout coatings)

Adhesives and Coatings, Acrylic PVA SBR, Easy to incorporate

TS-4400

Silica/Silicone/Mineral Oil

Industrial Process, Paints wastewater

W-4300

Wax/Mineral Oil (Aggressive) + Compatibilizer - Patented Formulation – Replaces MO AND Silicone Technologies

All in one defoamer for let down and grind in, paints, Industrial process and wastewater

W-4502

Aggressive Wax in Mineral Oil

Paint Ink Adhesives

AV-1425

Hydrophobic silica in Vegetable oil

Industrial coatings, Metal working fluids, Adhesives

L-418

Silicone/Silica +Compatibilizer

Graphic Art: Pigment dispersion Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks

Silicone/Silica +Compatibilizer (Excellent Grind / Pigment Dispersion FCA)

Graphic Art: Pigment dispersion Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks

T-1201

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

Adhesives, PSA, SBR, Acrylic Emulsions

T-1202

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

EP,Adhesives, SBR, PVP, PVA, Acrylic

L-140 (T-1212)

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

EPA, Adhesives, Inks, Industrial Coatings

T-2200

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

E.C., EP, Emulsions

T-3200

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

EP, Adhesives, I.C.

T-3211

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer and Fatty Acid (different grade of MO)

Adhesives, PSA

L-419

T-4200

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

Adhesives EP, Emulsions, SBR, PVA

L-405

Silicone/Silicone Copolymer

L-108 (T-4201)

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

S-PVC, Pressure Sensitive Adhesives, Acrylic emulsion

Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, High Gloss Alkyds Epoxy systems

L-405 LV

Low VOC version of L-405

T-4201

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

S-PVC, EP Emulsions

Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, High Gloss Alkyds Epoxy systems

T-4202

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer and Fatty Acid

Emulsions EP

FG-710

10% emulsion of PDMS in water (Food Grade)

Animal feed, Food Application

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

Natural and Synthetic, Adhesives, Cutting Oils (Metal Working)

FG-720

20% emulsion of PDMS in water (Food Grade)

Animal feed, Food Application

Y-250

TS-4385

Silca/Silicone/Silicone Copolymer (Work Horse)

Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks, Anticorrosive primers wood and reducible Alkyd

Silica/Bi

Graphic Art: Pigment, dispersion, Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks

T-4303

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer and Fatty Acid

EP, Coatings, Inks, Adhesives (PSA), Polyvinyl Acetate Systems

L-493 (T-4310)

Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer

Industrial Inks

Vegetable Oil based Technology

Traditional Silicones (Straight PDMS) based Technology

TS-4387

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Specialty chemicals

Base Carrier

Quick Bubble Break (OM Polysiloxane) based Technology

Dissolution Technology

Powder Defoamers

Drewplus™/ Advantage™ reference

Description

S-4288

Polysiloxane emulsion

High gloss paints, Inks, Airless sprayable systems

S-4287

Polysiloxane emulsion

High gloss paints, Inks, Airless sprayable systems

S-4386

Aggressive emulsion

Graphic Art: Pigment dispersion Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks

210-796

Polysiloxanes

Pigment dispersion, Ink overprint varnish

210-852

Silica Polysiloxane

Pigment dispersion, Ink overprint varnish, Pigment paste

S-4273

Polysiloxane emulsion

Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, Pigment dispersion

TS-4481

Hydrophobic silica/ Polysiloxane

Graphic Art: Pigment, dispersion, Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks

S-4374

Silica/Polysiloxane Emulsion

Overprint varnish, Pigmented Inks

Polysiloxane + Silica

Graphic Art: Pigment, dispersion, Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks, Oil well cementing, Fracturing

210-862

Polysiloxane + Silica

Graphic Art: Pigment, dispersion, Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks, Oil well cementing, Fracturing

210-886

Polysiloxane Emulsion

Inks, Flexo/Screen printing, Pigment dispersion

Ressoo (Powder)

Free-flowing white powder

210-859

Free-flowing white powder

210-871

Free-flowing white powder

S-4480

Applications

pHLEX™ neutralizing additive

210-872

Free-flowing white powder

210-873

Free-flowing white powder

RE 5500

Free-flowing white powder

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Oil well cementing, Civil Engineering, Grout, Mortar, Cement

pHLEX neutralizing additive is a proprietary organoamine blend that raises pH and provides buffering effects to waterborne paints and coatings. It is designed as a functional drop-in replacement that is an economic alternative to other common amine-based neutralizers, but also offers a low-odor stabilizing alternative to ammonia, NaOH and other common bases. pHLEX neutralizing additive also offers reduced VOC compared to other organoamine neutralizers and lower odor levels for in-plant handling benefits. product benefits • Effective pH neutralizer • Provides pH stability over time • Inhibits in-can corrosion • Helps prevent flash rusting • Lower odor product for handling and manufacturing • Can reduce odor of waterborne paints • Can reduce demand of anionic dispersant

Product

Appearance

Viscosity (cps or mPa•s)

Specific gravity @25 °C

pH (1.0 wt % solution)

pHLEX 100 neutralizing agent

Clear to light yellow liquid

~15

1.052

11-11.5

pHLEX 110 neutralizing agent

Clear to light yellow liquid

~15

1.055

11-11.5

pHLEX 400 neutralizing agent

Clear to light yellow liquid

~15

1.052

11-11.5

pHLEX 410 neutralizing agent

Clear to light yellow liquid

~15

1.055

11-11.5

57

Biocides and Preservatives

If a product is made with water or comes in contact with it, Ashland’s biocides and preservatives can help protect it against bacteria, fungus and algae. Our offerings can preserve beauty, enhance performance, extend product life and protect user safety. Ashland’s biocides and preservatives are marketed under trusted brands such as Nuosept™, Fungitrol™, Bodoxin™, Bacillat™, Bakzid™, Ebotec™ and Cinon™.

Name

They are suitable for use in numerous industrial application such as inks, mineral slurries, textiles solutions, metal working fluids, lattices and plastics, to name a few. Please contact your Ashland sales representative for more specific product and use level recommendations for your application.

Chemistry

Activity (%)

Approval EUROPE

58

Bodoxin biocide

EDDM/CMIT/MIT

51.1

Yes

Bodoxin AO biocide

EDDM/OIT

93.4

Yes†

Bodoxin TG biocide

EDDM/BIT

42.6

Yes†

Bodoxin TX biocide

EDDM/CMIT/MIT

20.3

Yes†

Cinon OI biocide

IPBC/OIT

8.0

Yes†

Ebotec MB biocide

CMIT/MIT/Bronopol

7.6

Yes†

Ebotec MB150 biocide

CMIT/MIT/Bronopol

15.5

Yes†

USA

CANADA

†

Fungitrol 1075 fungicide

N-Cyclopropyl-N'-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine

50

Fungitrol 10W fungicide

OIT/Carbendazim/Diuron

33.7

Yes†

Yes

Fungitrol 11 fungicide

Folpet

95.9

Yes†

Fungitrol 11-50S fungicide

Folpet

50

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Fungitrol 11E fungicide

Folpet

95.9

Yes

Fungitrol 11P fungicide

Folpet

95.9

Yes

Fungitrol 400 E-Z Flow fungicide

IPBC

95

Yes†

Yes

Fungitrol 400G fungicide

IPBC

99.5

Yes†

Yes

Fungitrol 400P fungicide

IPBC

99.50

Yes

Yes

Fungitrol 400PVC fungicide

IPBC

98

Yes

Fungitrol 400S fungicide

IPBC

99.5

Yes

Yes

Fungitrol 400SE fungicide

IPBC

99.50

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Fungitrol 404-DS fungicide

Chlorothanil

40.4

Fungitrol 420MC fungicide

IPBC

20

Fungitrol 420S fungicide

IPBC

20

Yes

Fungitrol 430S fungicide

IPBC

30

Yes

Fungitrol 440MC fungicide

IPBC

40

Fungitrol 440S fungicide

IPBC

40

Fungitrol 720 fungicide

IPBC

20

Fungitrol 720MC fungicide

IPBC

20

Fungitrol 920 fungicide

IPBC

20

Fungitrol 920MC fungicide

IPBC

20

Fungitrol 930MC fungicide

IPBC

30

Fungitrol 940 CR fungicide

IPBC

40

Fungitrol 940 fungicide

IPBC

40

Fungitrol 940 G fungicide

IPBC

40

Fungitrol 940MC fungicide

IPBC

40

Fungitrol 960S fungicide

Chlorothanil

Fungitrol L30 DPG fungicide

IPBC

Fungitrol OTZ 4 fungicide

OIT/Terbutryn/ZnPt

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

†

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes† Yes†

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

98

Yes

†

Yes

30

Yes†

Yes

18.9

Yes†

Yes

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Biocides and Preservatives

Name

Chemistry

Activity (%)

Approval EUROPE

Fungitrol™ TL2 fungicide

DDMAC/BAC/OIT

28.3

Yes†

Fungitrol TL3 fungicide

DDMAC/BAC/OIT

28.3

Yes†

Fungitrol TOP fungicide

Terbutryn/OIT/Propiconazol

27.9

Yes†

Fungitrol ZO 3 fungicide

ZnPt/OIT

13.3

Yes†

Integra™ 44/Nuosept™ 44 preservative

Sodium Hydroxymethyl Glycinate

50

Yes† Yes

Nuosept 497G preservative

BIT

19

Nuosept 498G preservative

BIT

19

Nuosept 515N preservative

CMIT/MIT

1.5

Nuosept 515R preservative

CMIT/MIT

Nuosept 515R CA preservative

CMIT/MIT

Nuosept 91 preservative

78% Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine

Nuosept 95 preservative

Bicyclic-oxazolidines

50

Nuosept B50 SM preservative

EDDM/CMIT/MIT

26.5

Yes†

Nuosept BB510D preservative

BIT/Bronopol

15

Yes†

Nuosept BIC preservative

BIT/IPBC/CMIT/MIT

17.8

Yes†

Nuosept BM11 preservative

BIT/MIT

5

Yes†

Nuosept BM22 preservative

BIT/MIT

10

Yes†

Nuosept BMc 422 preservative

BIT/MIT/CMIT

10 /5.05 / 0.15

Yes†

CANADA

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

1.11 / 0.39

Yes

Yes

1.11 / 0.39

Yes

78

Yes

†

Yes†

Yes

Nuosept BTI preservative

BIT/IPBC

11

Yes

Nuosept LX preservative

EDDM/CMIT/MIT

14.4

Yes†

Nuosept W preservative

Bronopol / CMIT /MIT

7 / 0.75 / 0.26

Nuosept W preservative concentrate

Bronopol /CMIT /MIT

14 / 1.5 / 0.5

†

USA

Yes

Yes

†

Yes†

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Contact Ashland Product Stewardship for specific approval by application and EU member state

Key Description BIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one Bronopol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Chlorothanil. . . . . . . . . . . . Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile CMIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one EDDM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Ethylenedioxy)dimethanol Folpet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N-(Trichloromethylthio)phthalimide IPBC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-Iodo-2-Propynyl Butylcarbamate MIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one OIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Sodium Glycinate . . . . . . . Sodium Hydroxymethyl Glycinate ZnPt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zinc Pyrithione Terbutryn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N-tert-butyl-N-ethyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Propiconazole . . . . . . . . . . Propiconazole DDMAC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Didecyldimethylammonium chloride BAC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benzalkonium chloride Carbendazim Diuron

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

59

Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants, Vinyl Monomers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications.

BLO™ solvent

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

HEP™ solvent

n

2-Pyrol™ solvent

NEP™ solvent

THF solvent

n

M-Pyrol™ solvent

Butanediol intermediate

Adhesives

Butenediol intermediate

Butynediol intermediate

Propargyl Alcohol

Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants

Advanced Ceramics Batteries Cables Ceramics Civil Engineering Electronics

n

n

n

n

n

n

Emulsions Explosives Inks & Printing Membranes Metal Processing

n

n n

n

n

n

Mineral Slurries Mining Paint Removers

n

n

n

Paper Coatings Plastics

n

n

n

n

Pulp & Paper Refinery Additives

n

n

n

Rubber Specialty Coatings

n

n

n

n

Suspension Polymerization Textiles and Leather

n

n

Tissues and Towels Tobacco Weldings Woodcare

60

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

n n

Performance Specialties Reference Guide n

n

n

n

Dextrol™ phosphate ester surfactants Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants

V-Pyrol™ vinyl pyrrolidone

V-Cap™ vinyl caprolactam

n

Microflex™ microemulsifier ranges

Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent

Surfadone™ wetting agents

PartsReady™ degreaser

FoamFlush™ urethane remover

ShipShape™ resin cleaner

CHP™ solvent

Vinyl Monomers

n n n n

n n

n

n

n

n n n n

n n n n

n n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

61

Performance Polymers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications.

Aquaflex™ copolymer

n

Gaffix™ copolymer

n

UltraThix™ crosspolymer

n

Acrylidone

n

n

Setleze™ copolymers

Batteries

n

Styleze™ copolymers

n

Gafquat™ polymers

Advanced Ceramics

Polectron™ (Antara™) polymer

n

PVP/VA polymers

n

Antaron™ (Ganex™) polymers

ViviPrint™ polymers

Adhesives

Disintex™ disintegrants

PVP polymers

Performance Polymers

Cables Ceramics

n

Civil Engineering Electronics

n

Emulsions

n

n

Explosives Inks & Printing

n

Membranes

n

Metal Processing

n

n

n

n n

n

n

n n

n n

Mineral Slurries Mining Paint Removers Paper Coatings

n

n

Specialty Coatings

n

n

Suspension Polymerization

n

n

Plastics Pulp & Paper Refinery Additives Rubber n

n

n

n

n

n

Textiles and Leather Tissues and Towels Tobacco Weldings Woodcare

62

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

n

n

n n

n

n

Performance Specialties Reference Guide Rapifloc™ acrylates Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ carboxymethyl cellulose

n n n n

n

n n

n n

n

n n

n n

n

n

n

n

Natrosol™ hydroxyethylcellulose Aqualon™ ethyl cellulose Klucel™ hydroxypropyl cellulose Culminal™ methylcellulose derivatives Benecel Galactasol™ guar

AquaVIS™ polymers

Jaypol™ acrylates

n

I-Rez™ copolymer

EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant ranges

Gantrez™ copolymers

Aquaflow™ rheology modifiers

RheoThix™ thickening agent

Sorez™ copolymers

Aquastyle™ tetrapolymer

Performance Polymers

n n n n n n

n n

n

n

n n

n n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n n

n n

n

n

n n

n

n n

n

n n n

n

n

n

n

n

63

Specialty Chemicals, Biocides

n

n

n

Iron Pentacarbonyl

Ceraphyl™ emulsifiers

n

Micropowder™ Iron

Escalol™ UV filters

n

Cerasynt™ emulsifiers

pHLEX™ neutralizing agents

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications.

Adhesives Advanced Ceramics AgChem Batteries Cables Ceramics Civil Engineering Electronics Emulsions Explosives Inks & Printing Membranes Metal processing

n

Mineral Slurries Mining Paint Removers Paper Coatings Plastics

n

Pulp & Paper Refinery Additives

n

Rubber Specialty Coatings

n

n

Suspension Polymerization Textiles and Leather Tissues and Towels Tobacco Weldings Woodcare

64

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Bodoxin™ biocides

Cinon™ biocides

n n n

n n

n n

n n

n

Performance Specialties Reference Guide n n

Fungitrol™ biocides

Nuosept™ biocides

Ebotec™ biocides

Drewplus™ defoamers

Biocides

n n

n

n

n n n

n n

n n

n n

n n

n n n n

n

n

n

n

n

n

65

Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants, Vinyl Monomers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies).

HEP™ solvents

NEP™ solvents

M-Pyrol™ solvents

2-Pyrol™ solvents

BLO™ solvents

THF solvents

Butanediol intermediates

Butenediol intermediates

Butynediol intermediates

Propargyl Alcohol

Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants

Adhesive Anti-Agglomerant Anti-Soil Redeposition Anti-Static Binder Bio-adhesive Catalyst Chemical Intermediate

n n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Cohesive Complexes Corrosion Inhibitor Cross-linker Crystal Inhibitor Defoamer Detergent Disintegrant Dispersant Dye Fixative Dye Transfer Inhibitor Electrical Conductor Electrical Resistor EMI Protector Emulsifier Encapsulation Film Former Flexible Film Former Flocculant

66

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

n

n n

Performance Specialties Reference Guide n n

n n

n n

n

n n n

n n

n n

n

n

V-Pyrol™ vinyl pyrrolidone

V-Cap™ vinyl caprolactam

Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants

Dextrol™ phosphate ester surfactants

Microflex™ microemulsifier ranges

Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agents

Surfadone™ wetting agents

PartsReady™ degreasers

FoamFlush™ urethane removers

ShipShape™ resin cleaner

CHP™ solvents

Vinyl Monomers

n n

67

Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants, Vinyl Monomers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies).

NEP™ solvents

n

n

n

n

HEP™ solvents

M-Pyrol™ solvents

2-Pyrol™ solvents

BLO™ solvents

THF solvents

Butanediol intermediates

Butenediol intermediates

Butynediol intermediates

Propargyl Alcohol

Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants

Flow Controller Fluid Loss Additive Activity Inhibitor Lubricant Metal Sequestrant Oil Solubility Opacifier Plasticizer Preservative Processing Aid

n

Release Agent Rheology Modifier Sizing Agent Soil Release Agent Solvent

n

n

n

Stabilizes Substantitive

n

n

Surface Active Suspending Agent Tack Modifier Thermoplastic Thickener UV Absorber UV Protector Water Resistor Water-Holding Wax Inhibitor

68

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

n

Performance Specialties Reference Guide n

n n n n n

n n n n n n n

n

n

n

n

n

V-Cap™ vinyl caprolactam

Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants

n

V-Pyrol™ vinyl pyrrolidone

Dextrol™ phosphate ester surfactants

Microflex™ microemulsifier ranges

Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agents

Surfadone™ wetting agents

PartsReady™ degreasers

FoamFlush™ urethane removers

ShipShape™ resin cleaner

CHP™ solvents

Vinyl Monomers

n n

n

69

Performance Polymers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies).

Aquaflex™ copolymers

Aquastyle™ copolymers

n

UltraThix™ crosspolymer

Acrylidone

Styleze™ copolymers

Gafquat™ polymers

Polectron™ (Antara™) polymers

PVP/VA polymers

Antaron™ (Ganex™) polymers

Disintex™ disintegrants

n

Gaffix™ copolymer

Adhesive

ViviPrint™ polymers

PVP polymers

Performance Polymers

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Anti-Agglomerant Anti-Soil Redeposition

n

n

Anti-Static Binder

n n

n

n

Cohesive

n

n

n

Complexes

n

n

Corrosion Inhibitor

n

Cross-linker

n

Crystal Inhibitor

n

Bio-adhesive Catalyst Chemical Intermediate n

n

n

n

n

n

Defoamer Detergent Disintegrant Dispersant

n n

n

n

Dye Fixative Dye Transfer Inhibitor

n n

Electrical Conductor Electrical Resistor EMI Protector Emulsifier

n

Encapsulation Film Former Flexible Film Former

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Flocculant

70

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

n

n

n

n

n n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Performance Specialties Reference Guide n

n n

n

n

n

n

n n

n n n n

n

n

n

Klucel™ hydroxypropyl cellulose Culminal™ methylcellulose derivatives Benecel™ methylcellulose derivatives

n n n n n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n n

n n n n

n n n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Galactasol™ guar

Aqualon™ ethyl cellulose

n

Natrosol™ hydroxyethylcellulose

AquaVIS™ polymers

Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ carboxymethyl cellulose

Rapifloc™ acrylates

Jaypol™ acrylates

I-Rez™ copolymer

EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant ranges

Gantrez™ copolymer

Aquaflow™ rheology modifiers

RheoThix™ thickening agents

Sorez™ copolymers

Performance Polymers

n n

n

n

n

n

n

n

71

Performance Polymers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies).

Aquastyle™ copolymers

Aquaflex™ tetrapolymers

Gaffix™ copolymer

UltraThix™ crosspolymer

Acrylidone

Styleze™ copolymers

Gafquat™ polymers

Polectron™ (Antara™) polymer

PVP/VA polymers

Antaron™ (Ganex™) polymers

Disintex™ disintegrants

ViviPrint™ polymers

PVP polymers

Performance Polymers

Flow Controller Fluid Loss Additive Activity Inhibitor

n

Lubricant

n

n n

n

Metal Sequestrant Oil Solubility

n

Opacifier

n

Plasticizer Preservative Processing Aid Release Agent Rheology Modifier

n

n

n

n

n

Sizing Agent Soil Release Agent Solvent

n

Stabilizes

n

Substantitive

n

Surface Active

n

n

n

n

n

n

Suspending Agent Tack Modifier

n n

n

Thermoplastic Thickener

n

n n

n

UV Absorber UV Protector Water Resistor

n

n

Water-Holding Wax Inhibitor

72

n

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

n n

n

n n

n

n

n

Performance Specialties Reference Guide n

n

n n

n

n

n

n

n

n n n

n n n

n n

n

n n

n n

n n

n n

n n

n n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Galactasol™ guar

Benecel™ methylcellulose derivatives

Culminal™ methylcellulose derivatives

Klucel™ hydroxypropyl cellulose

Aqualon™ ethyl cellulose

Natrosol™ hydroxyethylcellulose

AquaVIS™ polymers

n

Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ carboxymethyl cellulose

Rapifloc™ acrylates

Jaypol™ acrylates

I-Rez™ copolymer

EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant ranges

Gantrez™ copolymer

Aquaflow™ rheology modifiers

RheoThix™ thickening agents

Sorez™ copolymers

Performance Polymers

n n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

73

Specialty Chemicals, Biocides

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies).

Micropowder™ Iron

Cerasynt™ emulsifiers

Ceraphyl™ emulsifiers

Escalol™ UV filters

pHLEX™ neutralizing agents

Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers

Specialty Chemicals

Adhesive Anti-Agglomerant Anti-Soil Redeposition Anti-Static Binder Bio-adhesive Catalyst

n

Chemical Intermediate Cohesive Complexes Corrosion Inhibitor

n

Cross-linker Crystal Inhibitor Defoamer Detergent

n

n

Disintegrant Dispersant

n

n

Dye Fixative Dye Transfer Inhibitor Electrical Conductor Electrical Resistor

n

EMI Protector

n

Emulsifier

n

n

n

Encapsulation Film Former

n

Flexible Film Former Flocculant

74

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance Specialties Reference Guide Nuosept™ biocides

Fungitrol™ biocides

Ebotec™ biocides

Cinon™ biocides

Bodoxin™ biocides

Drewplus™ defoamers

Iron Pentacarbonyl

Biocides

n

n

n

75

Specialty Chemicals, Biocides

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies).

Cerasynt™ emulsifiers

n

n

n

n

Micropowder™ Iron

Ceraphyl™ emulsifiers

Escalol™ UV filters

pHLEX™ neutralizing agents

Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers

Specialty Chemicals

Flow Controller Fluid Loss Additive Activity Inhibitor Lubricant

n n

Metal Sequestrant Oil Solubility

n

Opacifier

n

Plasticizer

n

Preservative Processing Aid Release Agent Rheology Modifier

n

Sizing Agent Soil Release Agent Solvent Stabilizes

n n

Substantitive Surface Active

n

n

n

Suspending Agen Tack Modifier Thermoplastic Thickener

n

UV Absorber

n

UV Protector

n

Water Resistor Water-Holding Wax Inhibitor

76

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Performance Specialties Reference Guide n

Nuosept™ biocides

n

Fungitrol™ biocides

n

Ebotec™ biocides

Cinon™ biocides

Bodoxin™ biocides

Drewplus™ defoamers

Iron Pentacarbonyl

Biocides

n n n

n

77

78

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Notes

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

79

Global Headquarters Ashland Inc. 50 East RiverCenter Blvd.

Covington, KY 41012 USA Tel: +1 859 815 3333 Ashland Specialty Ingredients 8145 Blazer Drive Wilmington, DE 19808 USA Tel: +1 877 546 2782

Performance and Industrial Chemicals A broad portfolio backed by the best quality and technical services Ashland’s portfolio of performance and industrial chemicals is one of the broadest in the specialties segment, enabling us to take a market-leading position in many categories. From printing to oilfield to automotive, these products are widely distributed to manufacturers around the world to enhance product functionality, reduce costs and improve processing and manufacturing. Additionally, Ashland provides customized chemistry to formulators with especially challenging performance requirements. This whiteglove approach is further reflected in our extensive global network of technical service facilities in North America, Europe, Middle East and Asia. For more information about our entire line of offerings, visit our corporate site at ashland.com.

Regional Sales Offices North America Bridgewater, NJ USA Tel: +1 877 546 2782 Latin America Mexico City, Mexico Tel: +52 55 52 76 6121 Fax: +52 55 2614 2939 Europe Schaffhausen, Switzerland Tel: +41 52 560 55 00 Fax: +41 52 560 55 99 Asia Pacific Singapore Tel: +65 6775 5366 Fax: +65 6775 5433 Shanghai, P.R. China Tel: +86 21 2402 4888 Fax: +86 21 2402 4850 Middle East, Africa and India Dubai, U.A.E. Tel: +971 4 381 8515 Fax: +971 4 381 8516 Maharashtra, India Board: +91 22 61484646 Fax: +91 22 61484639 specialtiessolutions@ashland.com ashland.com ® Registered trademark, Ashland or its subsidiaries, registered in various countries ™ Trademark, Ashland or its subsidiaries, registered in various countries © 2012-2014, Ashland PC-11578.2

All statements, information and data presented herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are not to be taken as a guarantee, an express warranty, or an implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, or representation, express or implied, for which Ashland Inc. and its subsidiaries assume legal responsibility.

For more information, contact us at: specialtiessolutions@ashland.com