Volos Nea Anchialos Guide 2004

Αρχαία Πύρασος Φθιώτιδες Θήβες Νέα Αγχίαλος Αλωνάκι Μικροθήβες Χρυσή Ακτή Παναγιάς Μάραθος Κριθαριά Ancient Pyrassos Fthiothides Thives Nea Anchialos Alonaki Mikrothives Xrysi Akti Panagias Marathos Kritharia

H O T E L S

u Nea Anchialos

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In Magnesia, make Asderakis’ Hotels your first choice

And second. Ôá îåíïäï÷åßá ôïõ ïìßëïõ ÁóäåñÜêç ðñïóöÝñïõí ôïí éäáíéêü óõíäéáóìü ôñéþí êáé ôåóóÜñùí áóôÝñùí, üëá éäáíéêÜ ôïðïèåôçìÝíá ãéá ôçí ìåãáëýôåñç åîõðçñÝôçóç óáò.

Asderakis’ Hotels offer an ideal combination of three and four star hotel conveniently located for your best satisfaction

The Asderakis’ Hotels. The choice is here Protessilaos Hotel: 8, Kasneti Str - GR 37400 Nea Anchialos - Tel: 2428 078780 - Fax: 2428 077551 E-mail: info@protessilaos.com - Web: www.protessilaos.com Laodamia Hotel: 2a, Diamadopoulou Str - GR 37400 Nea Anchialos - Tel: 2428 078800 - Fax: 2428 078839 E-mail: info@laodamia.com - Web: www.laodamia.com

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NEA ANCHIALOS - MAGNESIA

Χαρτες / Περιεχόμενα Maps / Contents

Nea Anchialos

u Χρήσιμα Τηλέφωνα Usefull Numbers

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Γενικές Πληροφορίες General Information

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Νέα Αγχίαλος Αρχαιολογικά Nea Anchialos Archaeological Βασιλική Αγιίου Δημητρίου Basilica of St. Dimitrios

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Βασιλική Επισκόπου Ελπιδίου Βασιλική Αρχιερέως Πέτρου Basilica of Bishop Elpidios Basilica of High Priest Peter

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Κοιμητηριακή Βασιλική Βασιλική Μαρτυρίου Cemeterian & Torment Basilica

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Βασιλική Ε’ - Βασιλική ΣΤ’ Τρίκλιτος ιδιότυπος ναϊσκος Basilica E’ - Basilica F’ Three aisled odd small church

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Βαπτιστήριο Συγκρότημα δημοσίων κτιρίων Baptistery Group of public buildings

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Νέα Αγχίαλος Ιστορικά Nea Anchialos Historical Νεότερη ιστορία Contemporary history

H O T E L S Printed & Published by Asderakis Hotels 8, Kasneti Str. - 37400 Nea Anchialos - Greece - Tel: +30 24280 76310 - Fax: +30 24280 77551 E-mail: info@laodamia.com - Web: www.protessilaos.com & www.laodamia.com

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L Η πολυτέλεια είναι παράδοση. Η υπεροχή είναι το αποτέλεσμα.

Style

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Art

Laodamia Hotel

2a, Diamadopoulou Str., 37400 Nea Anchialos, Τel:2428078800, Fax:24287078839, e-mail: info@laodamia.com, Web: www.laodamia.com

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Nea Anchialos u Χρήσιμα Τηλέφωνα - Useful Telephone Numbers Νέα Αγχίαλος

!Τουριστική Αστυνομία !Αστυνομία !Πυροσβεστική !Δήμος !Αγροτικό Ιατρείο !Ταχυδρομείο !Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο !Ταξί !Σταθμός λεωφορείων !ΙΚΑ !Κ.Ε.Π. !Δ.Α.Τ.Ε.

Nea Anchialos

(+30 24280)

Tourist police Police Fire brigade Municipality Community clinic Post office Archaeological museum Taxi Bus station Social welfare Citizens Help Center Municipality Tourism Org.

24210 76987 (Βόλος-Volos) 76219 76111 78700 76666 76208 76468 76340 76734 76765 76526 78181

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Νέα Αγχίαλος Nea Anchialos

ÃåíéêÝò Ðëçñïöïñßåò

General Information

NÝá Áã÷ßáëïò. Íåïóýóôáôïò äÞìïò ôïõ íïìïý Ìáãíçóßáò. Ç ÍÝá Áã÷ßáëïò åßíáé ôïðïèåôçìÝíç íüôéá ôïõ Âüëïõ êáé âüñåéá ôïõ Áëìõñïý, óôçí ðáëéÜ åèíéêÞ ïäü Áèçíþí Ëáìßáò Âüëïõ. Óôá áíáôïëéêÜ âñÝ÷åôáé áðü ôï Ðáãáóçôéêü êüëðï êáé äõôéêÜ-âïñåéïäõôéêÜ ðåñéóôïé÷ßæåôáé áðü ãñáöéêïýò ëïößóêïõò. Ç óõíïëéêÞ Ýêôáóç ôçò ÍÝáò Áã÷éÜëïõ åßíáé 48 ô. ÷ëì êáé ï ðëçèõóìüò ôçò áíÝñ÷åôáé ðåñß ôïõò 6000 êáôïßêïõò.

Nea Anchialos is a town of Magnesia prefecture. It is situated south of Volos and north of Almyros. It is placed on the national highway Athens-Lamia-Volos.

On the east there is Pagassitikos bay and westnorthwest it is surrounded by picturesque little hills.

The whole area is 48 square kilometers and its population is over 6000 people.

×Üñç óôçí ïìïñöéÜ, ôï ìáãåõôéêü ôïðßï, ôç ãïçôåßá ôçò öýóçò óå óõíýðáñîç ìå ôçí çñåìßá êáé ôçí êïóìïðïëßôéêç æùÞ, áëëÜ êõñßùò ôï êáèáñü ðåñéâÜëëïí êáé ç öéëïîåíßá ôùí íôüðéùí êáôïßêùí óõíôÝëåóáí óôï ãåãïíüò íá èåùñåßôáé Ýíá áðü ôá êáëýôåñá ôïõñéóôéêÜ èÝñåôñá ôçò åõñýôåñçò ðåñéï÷Þò. Ç ÍÝá Áã÷ßáëïò Ý÷åé åëåãìÝíç âëÜóôçóç êáé åßíáé êáôÜöõôç áðü ðåýêá, áëìõñßêéá, áìðÝëéá, åëáéüäåíôñá, áìõãäáëéÝò êáé ïðùñïöüñá äÝíôñá. Äýï ìéêñïß ëüöïé, ï Êïêêéíü-âñá÷ïò êáé ç Ìáõñüñá÷ç, õøþ-íïíôáé äõôéêÜ-âïñåéïäõôéêÜ ïé ïðïßïé ðñïóäßäïõí óôçí ðüëç ôçí áìöéèåáôñéêÞ ôçò èÝóç ìå èÝá ôá ãáëÜæéá íåñÜ ôïõ Ðáãáóçôéêïý êüëðïõ êáé áöÞíïõí íá öáíåß ç Üñéóôç ñõìïôïìßá ôçò. Óôïí Êïêêéíüâñá÷ï âñßóêåôáé ôï îùêëÞóé ôïõ ÐñïöÞô' Çëßá åíþ ìåñéêÜ ìÝôñá ðáñáðÜíù õðÜñ÷åé Ýíá ìéêñü óðÞëáéï ìå óôáëáêôßôåò êáé óôáëáãìßôåò ôïõ ïðïßïõ ç åßóïäïò åßíáé ó÷åäüí êëåéóôÞ. Ïé äáíôåëÝíéåò áêôÝò ôçò ÍÝáò Áã÷éÜëïõ åêôåßíïíôáé óå áêôßíá 20 ×ëì. ÕðÜñ÷åé ìåãÜëç ðïéêéëßá áêôþí óôïõò êïëðßóêïõò êáé óôïõò ìéêñïýò üñìïõò ðïõ Ýíôå÷íá ó÷åäéÜæåé ï Ðáãáóçôéêüò êüëðïò: Ðáñáëßåò ìå ôçí êïêêéíùðÞ Üììï (éäáíéêÞ ãéá áììüëïõôñá), ÷ñõóÞ áììïõäéÜ, ðåôñþäçò Þ ìå ðëáôéÜ âñÜ÷éá ðñïóöÝñïíôáé ãéá êïëýìðé, øÜñåìá êáé èáëÜóóéá óðïñ.

Thanks to its picturesque, charming nature, clean seaside, the coexistence of peacefulness and cosmopolitan life and mainly the clean environment and the hospitality of the local people,have made the town one of the biggest tourist summer resorts of the area. Nea Anchialos has dense vegetation, full of pine trees, vineyards, olive trees, almond trees...

Two little hills, Kokkinovrahos and Mavrorahi, rise west-north-west, which attribute to our town its exquisite view of the clear water of Pagassitikos bay and reveal the excellent lying out. At Kokkinovrahos there is the Prophet Elias small chapel, though few meters above lies a small cave with stalagmites and stalactites, the entrance of which is almost closed at the moment.

The beautiful coasts of Nea Anchialos extend to 20 Klm. There is a great variety of beaches with the unique reddish sand, appropriate for sand-baths for people suffering from rheumatism. There is also golden sand as well as cliffs and pebbles. Small bays and ports, which are formed in certain areas, offer indisputably clear water, ideal for swimming, fishing and sea sports.

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Νέα Αγχίαλος Nea Anchialos

ÃåíéêÝòÐëçñïöïñßåò Ç ÍÝá Áã÷ßáëïò åßíáé ìßá áðü ôéò ðéï óçìáíôéêÝò ðüëåéò ôïõ íïìïý Ìáãíçóßáò ëüãù ôçò öõóéêÞò ôçò ïìïñöéÜò êáé ôùí óçìáíôéêþí áñ÷áéïëïãéêþí ôçò åõñçìÜôùí. Åßíáé ÷ôéóìÝíç óôá åñåßðéá ôçò áñ÷áßáò ðüëçò ÐõñÜóïõ ôçò Á÷áÀáò Öèéþôéäáò. Ç áñ÷áéüôåñç ðëçñïöïñßá ãéá ôçí ðüëç áõôÞ ðñïÝñ÷åôáé áðü ôïí ¼ìçñï, ï ïðïßïò ôçí áíáöÝñåé óôïí êáôÜëïãï ôùí êáñáâéþí (ÉëéÜäá Â695) ìáæß ìå ôçí ÖõëÜêç êáé ôçí ºôùíá, ïé ïðïßåò áðïôåëïýóáí ôï âáóßëåéï ôïõ Ðñùôåóßëáïõ. Óýìöùíá ìå ôïí ÓôñÜâùíá (É×435), ï ïðïßïò ìéëåß ãéá ôçí ôïðïãñáößá ôçò, ç Ðýñáóïò áðåß÷å 20 óôáäßïõò áðü ôçí íåþôåñç ôçò ðüëç Öèéþôéäåò ÈÞâåò. Óôçí Ðýñáóï õðÞñ÷å ôï óðïõäáßï éåñü ôçò ÄÞìçôñïò, áðü ôï ïðïßï öáßíåôáé íá åß÷å áðïêôÞóåé ìåãÜëç öÞìç ç ðüëç. ºóùò ìÜëéóôá êÜðïéá åðï÷Þ íá õðÞñîå êáé óðïõäáßï èñçóêåõôéêü êÝíôñï ôçò ðåñéï÷Þò. Ãé' áõôü ìðïñåß íá óõíçãïñÞóåé áêüìç êáé ç ëáìðñÞ öÞìç ôçò ðáëáéï÷ñéóôéáíéêÞò ðüëçò ðïõ Þêìáóå ìåôÜ ôçí Ðýñáóï. Ç ìïíáäéêÞ äïêéìáóôéêÞ áíáóêáöéêÞ ôïìÞ ðïõ åß÷å ãßíåé ðÜíù óôï ëüöï

âïñåéïáíáôïëéêÜ ôçò ÍÝáò Áã÷éÜëïõ, Ýäåéîå ðùò êáôïéêÞèçêå áðü ôçí áñ÷áéüôåñç ÍåïëéèéêÞ ðåñßïäï (6ç ÷éëéåôßá) áðü øáñÜäåò ãåùñãïýò, ðïõ áíÝðôõîáí áîéüëïãï ðïëéôéóìü. Áðü ôçí éóôïñéêÞ Ðýñáóï ìüíï õðïèåôéêÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò õðÜñ÷ïõí. ¸íá ÷Ýñé áðü õðåñöõóéêü ãõíáéêåßï Üãáëìá ðïõ Þñèå óôï öùò ôï 1965 êáé áðïäüèçêå óôï Üãáëìá ôçò ÄÞìçôñïò., ôçò èåÜò ðïõ ëáôñåýïíôáí áðü ôïõò êáôïßêïõò ôçò ðüëåùò. ¢ëëá ëåßøáíá êé áõôÜ õðïèåôéêÜ âñßóêïíôáé óôç âáóéëéêÞ Ä' ðïõ áíáóêÜöôçêå óôï ÷þñï üðïõ ðñÝðåé íá Þôáí êôéóìÝíá ôá äçìüóéá êôßñéá ôçò åëëçíéóôéêÞò ÐõñÜóïõ, óôï êÝíôñï ôçò ÍÝáò Áã÷éÜëïõ. ºóùò ôï ðéï óõãêåêñéìÝíï åýñçìá íá åßíáé Ýíá ìéêñü êïììÜôé áðü áñ÷áßá åðéãñáöÞ ðïõ âñÝèçêå óôá åñåßðéá ôçò ìåãÜëçò âáóéëéêÞò Ä' êáé öÝñåé ôç ëÝîç «Ðýñáóïò», áðüäåéîç ðùò óôç èÝóç áõôÞ âñéóêüôáí ç ëáìðñÞ ðüëç ôïõ Ðñùôåóßëáïõ êáé ôçò ÄÞìçôñïò. Ç æùÞ ôçò ÐõñÜóïõ óôáìáôÜ ôï 217 ð.×. üôáí ôçí êáôÝóôñåøå ï ïò Ößëéððïò ï 5 .

General Information Nea Anchialos is one of the most important towns in Magnesia due to its natural beauty and the remarkable archaeological findings.

Built on the ruins of the ancient city Pyrassos, of Achaia Phthiotida. Homer provides us with information about the city, who mentions it in his list of ships (Iliad B695) together with Fylaki and Itona, which belonged to the kingdom of Protessilaos.

According to Stravon (IX435), who discusses its topography, Pyrassos was 20 stadiums from the contemporary city Phthiotides Thieves. In Pyrassos there was the famous temple of Demeter.

There is a possibility that it has also been an important religious center of the area.

which came into light in 1965, was attributed to the statue of Demeter, the goddess adored by the inhabitants of the city.

Other relics of unspecified nature lie also in the Basilica D', which has been excavated in the area where there must be built the public buildings of the Hellenistic Pyrassos, in the center of Nea Anchialos.

Maybe the most identical finding is a small piece of an ancient epigraph, discovered in the debris of the big Basilica D' with the name “Pyrassos”, clear proof that this is the spot where used to be the great city of Protessi-laos and Demeter. Pyrassos ends in 217 BC when it was destroyed by Philip the 5th.

The only excavation which took place in the hill on the southeast of Nea Anchialos proves that the city has been peopled since the earliest Neolithic period (6th millennium) by fishermenagriculture's, who developed a remarkable civilization.

Pyrassos can only provide us with hypothetical information; an arm from an oversized female statue, Σελίδα Page 08

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Νέα Αγχίαλος Nea Anchialos

ÃåíéêÝò Ðëçñïöïñßåò

General Information

Óôá åñåßðéá ôçò áñãüôåñá áíáðôý÷èçêå ìßá íÝá ðüëç, ïé Öèéþôéäåò ÈÞâåò. ÐÞñå ôï üíïìÜ ôçò, óýìöùíá ìå ôéò åðéãñáöÝò, êáôÜ ôïí 2ï ì.×. áéþíá êáé Ýöôáóå óôï õøçëüôåñï ôçò êáëëéôå÷íéêü, ðíåõìáôéêü êáé ðïëéôéóôéêü åðßðåäï êáôÜ ôçí ðáëáéï÷ñéóôéáíéêÞ åðï÷Þ êáé ùò ôï ôÝëïò ôïõ 7ïõ áéþíá ì.×. ¸ôóé áñìüæåé áðüëõôá ï ÷áñáêôçñéóìüò «×ñéóôéáíéêáß ÈÞâáé».

In this debris developed later a new city, Phthiotides Thieves. According to the epigraphs, it took its name c.2nd century a.C. and it reached its cultural, spiritual and artistic peak during the Paleochristianic period until the end of 7th century. This fact justifies the term “Christianikae Thive”.

Ìáêñï÷ñüíéåò áíáóêáöÝò Ý÷ïõí áíáêáëýøåé óçìáíôéêü áñéèìü êôéñßùí ôçò áñ÷áßáò ðüëçò. Ìå óôïé÷åßá ðïõ óõãêåíôñþèçêáí Ý÷åé åðé÷åéñçèåß ï ó÷åäéáóôéêüò ðñïóäéïñéóìüò ôçò ðïñåßáò ôïõ ôåß÷ïõò ðïõ ðñïóôÜôåõå ôçí ðüëç. Ï ÷þñïò, ôïí ïðïßï ðåñéêëåßåé ôï ôåß÷ïò, Ý÷åé äéáóôÜóåéò 600x480 ìÝôñá ðåñßðïõ. ÌÝ÷ñé óÞìåñá Ý÷ïõí ðñïóäéïñéóôåß 10 óçìáíôéêÜ ìíçìåßá ôçò áñ÷áßáò ðüëçò: 1) ç áêñüðïëç ôçò ÐõñÜóïõ 2) ç âáóéëéêÞ ôïõ Åëðéäßïõ, 3) ôï óõãêñüôçìá ôùí äçìïóßùí êôéñßùí 4) ôï åðéóêïðéêü ìÝãáñï 5) ç âáóéëéêÞ ôïõ Áã. Äçìçôñßïõ 6) õðüêáõóôï-ëïõôñü 7) ãõìíÜóéï êáé ëïõôñü 8) ðëáêüóôñùôç ëåùöüñïò ìå êáôÜóôçìá ¨Ýìâïëïò¨ ôçò âáóéëéêÞò 9) Ýðáõëç 10)âáóéëéêÞ ôïõ áñ÷éåñÝùò ÐÝôñïõ

Long lasting excavations have brought into light a good number of buildings of the ancient city. There has been an effort to determine the course of its wall which protected the city. The area surrounded by the wall is about 600x480m. Until now there have been discovered ten important monuments of the ancient city: 1) Pyrassos citadel, 2) Elpidius Basilica, 3) Group of public buildings, 4) the Episcopal building, 5) the Basilica of St.Dimitris, 6) burnt bath, 7) Gymnasium and baths, 8) paved street with shops, 9) a mansion and 10) the Basilica of high priest St.Peter.

However, outside the wall there are important buildings as well: The Basilica cemetery, the 5th Basilica, mansion of the 3-4th century by the sea, bath and extensive mosaics, another street with shops, cemeteries with arched graves engraved in the side of the hill or underground arched graves with sarcophagus since the 3rd-6th centuries.

The example above represent for the main part art in the area. The various mosaics and their extraordinary technique, make the city the most appropriate place to study that kind of decoration.

ÁëëÜ êáé Ýîù áðü ôá ôåß÷ç õðÜñ÷ïõí óçìáíôéêÜ êôßñéá: ç êïéìçôçñéáêÞ âáóéëéêÞ (âáóéëéêÞ Ä') Üëëç âáóéëéêÞ, ÐÝìðôç êáôÜ óåéñÜ, Ýðáõëç ôïõ 3ïõ-4ïõ áéþíá êïíôÜ óôç èÜëáóóá, ëïõôñü êáé åêôåôáìÝíá øçöéäùôÜ äÜðåäá áíáôïëéêÜ ôïõ ôåß÷ïõò, Üëëç ëåùöüñïò ìå êáôáóôÞìáôá ÍÁ ôïõ ôåß÷ïõò, íåêñïôáöåßá ìå èïëùôïýò ôÜöïõò ëáîåõìÝíïõò óôéò ðëåõñÝò ôïõ ëüöïõ Þ õðüãåéïõò èáëáìïåéäåßò ìå ëÜñíáêåòóáñêïöÜãïõò áðü ôñá÷ßôç ÷ñïíïëïãïýìåíïõò áðü ôïí 3ï-6ï áéþíá. ÁõôÜ êáé ðïëëÜ Üëëá áíôéðñïóùðåýïõí üëåò ôéò åêäçëþóåéò ôçò ôÝ÷íçò. Éäéáßôåñï åíäéáöÝñïí ðáñïõóéÜæïõí ôá ðïéêéëüìïñöá øçöéäùôÜ äÜðåäá ìå ôçí åíäéáöÝñïõóá ôå÷íéêÞ ôïõò. ÁõôÜ óõíôåëïýí óôç èåþñçóç ôçò èåóóáëéêÞò ðüëçò ùò ï ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêüôáôïò ÷þñïò ãéá ôç óðïõäÞ ôïõ äéáêïóìçôéêïý áõôïý åßäïõò.

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Νέα Αγχίαλος Αρχαιολογικά Nea Anchialos Archaeological

ÂáóéëéêÞ A' - Áã. Äçìçôñßïõ

Basilica A' - St. Dimitris

Âñßóêåôáé íüôéïáíáôïëéêÜ ôçò óçìåñéíÞò áãïñÜò äßðëá óôçí åèíéêÞ ïäü. Ç áíáóêá-öÞ Üñ÷éóå ôï 1924 êáé ôåëåßùóå ôï 1928. Åßíáé ôñßêëéôç âáóéëéêÞ ìå íÜñèçêá, áßèñéï êáé ðñïêôßóìáôá. Éäéáßôåñá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÞ åßíáé ç äéáìüñöùóç ôïõ áßèñéïõ êáé ôùí åêáôÝñùèåí ðñïêôéóìÜôùí, âáðôéóôçñßùí êáé óêåõïöõëáêßïõ. Ôá äÜðåäá åßíáé óôñùìÝíá ìå ìáñìÜñéíåò êáé ó÷éóôïëéèéêÝò ðëÜêåò êáé øçöéäùôü ìå ìåãÜëåò øçößäåò. ÓõìðëçñùìáôéêÝò áíáóêáöÝò (1972-1973) áðïêÜëõøáí ôïí ðåñßâïëï êáé ðñïêôßóìáôá âüñåéá, áíáôïëéêÜ êáé íüôéá. Áðü øçöéäùôÞ åðéãñáöÞ óôï äÜðåäï ôïõ áõëåßïõ äßêïõ ôïõ âáðôéóôçñßïõ ÁÃÉÅ ÄÇÌÇÔÑÉÁÉ, ç âáóéëéêÞ ÷áñáêôçñßæåôáé ðëÝïí ùò âáóéëéêÞ ôïõ Áãßïõ Äçìçôñßïõ. Åðéóçìáßíåôáé ï ðëïõóéüôáôïò ãëõðôüò áñ÷éôåêôïíéêüò äéÜêïóìïò, ÷áñáêôçñéæü-ìåíïò áðü õøçëÞ ðïéüôçôá.

It is situated southeast of the today's main market on the national highway. The excavation started in 1924 and has been terminated in 1928.

Basilica A' is a three-nave one with vestibule, yard and additional buildings. Characteristic though is the forming of the yard and the buildings surrounding the Basilica, as well as of the baptistery and the vestry. The floors were covered with flat stones out of marble and mosaics. Additional excavations (in 1972 and1973) have brought into light the yard and the buildings south, east and north of the basilica. The name of the basilica has been beard out of a floor mosaic epigraph of the baptistery were it is written «Saint Dimitris».

×ñïíïëïãßá:

2ï ìéóü ôïõ 5ïõ áéþíá

ôïõ 5ïõ áéþíá âïñåéïäõôéêÜ ôçò âáóéëéêÞò Áã. Äçìçôñßïõ ÉäéùôéêÞ Ýðáõëç ôïõ 5ïõ áéþíá âüñåéá ôïõ õðüêáõóôïõ Ðëáêüóôñùôç ëåùöüñïò ìå êéïíïóôïé÷ßåò êáé êáôáóôÞìáôá áíáôïëéêÜ ôçò âáóéëéêÞò ôïõ Áãßïõ Äçìçôñßïõ ÊïéìçôÞñéï ìå ïéêïãåíåéáêïýò & ìåìïíùìÝíïõò ôÜöïõò âüñåéï-áíáôïëéêÜ ôçò âáóéëéêÞò Õðüêáõóôï âüñåéá ôçò âáóéëéêÞò. Õóôåñïñùìáúêü ìå ÷ñÞóç óôá ðáëáéï-÷ñéóôéáíéêÜ ÷ñüíéá Ðáëáßóôñá êáé ÃõìíÜóéï âüñåéá ôïõ õðüêáõóôïõ êáé óýã÷ñïíï ì' áõôü Õðüêáõóôï

Chronology:

2nd half of the 5th century a.C.

Under heated bath of the 5th century a.C., northwest of the basilica.

Private mansion of the 5th century a.C., 50 m. north of the basilica Stone covered boulevard with colonnade and shops east of the basilica Cemetery with family and private graves north east of the basilica Under heated bath south of the same basilica Wrestling ring and gymnasium south of the southern baths

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Νέα Αγχίαλος Αρχαιολογικά Nea Anchialos Archaeological

ÂáóéëéêÞ Â' - Åðéóêüðïõ Åëðéäßïõ

Basilica B' - Bishop Elpidius

Âñßóêåôáé äßðëá óôçí åèíéêÞ ïäü ðñïò Âüëï êÜôù áðü ôçí Áêñüðïëç êáé ðÜíù áðü ôï ëéìáíÜêé. Ôñßêëéôç âáóéëéêÞ ìå íÜñèçêá, áßèñéï êáé ðñïêôßóìáôá. ÁíáóêÜöôçêå ôï 1928-1929. ÓõìðëçñùìáôéêÝò áíáóêáöÝò Ýãéíáí ôï 1960 êáé 1972. Ôï Éåñü ÂÞìá äéáóþèçêå óå êáëÞ êáôÜóôáóç ìå óýíèñïíï óå ó÷Þìá Ð, ôï åãêáßíéï óå ó÷Þìá óôáõñïý êáé ï óôõëïâÜôçò ôïõ öñÜãìáôïò ìå ôìÞìáôá èùñáêßùí êáé êéüíùí. Ç áñ÷éêÞ öÜóç ôïõ ìíçìåßïõ ÷ñïíïëïãåßôáé óôá ôÝëç ôïõ 5ïõ áéþíá ì.×., öáßíåôáé üìùò üôé Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé åðéóêåõÝò, üðùò ìáñôõñåß ç åðéãñáöÞ ðïõ âñÝèçêå óôï áßèñéï êáé áíáöÝñåé ùò äùñçôÞ ôï äéÜêïíï ÓôÝöáíï. Óôçí ßäéá åðéãñáöÞ áíáãñÜöåôáé êáé ôï üíïìá ôïõ Åðéóêüðïõ Åëðéäßïõ (1ï ìéóü ôïõ 6ïõ áéþíá ì.×.) áðü ôçí ïðïßá ÷áñáêôçñßæåôáé êáé ç âáóéëéêÞ.

Situated next to the national highway to Volos at the foot of Acropolis.

It is a three-nave basilica with vestibule, yard and additional buildings. It has been brought into light from 1928-1929. Additional excavations have been taking place in 1960 and 1972. The sanctuary has been kept in very good condition. The first construction of the building is aged the 5th century a.C. but it seems to have reconstruction later on.

The name of the basilica has been given by a epigraph referring the name Bishop Elpidius (first half of the 6th century)

ÂáóéëéêÞ Ã' - Áñ÷éåñÝùò ÐÝôñïõ Âñßóêåôáé ðßóù áðü ôçí áãïñÜ äßðëá óôçí åèíéêÞ ïäü ðñïò Aëìõñü êáé êáôáëáìâÜíåé ïëüêëçñï ïéêïäïìéêü ôåôñÜãùíï. Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôï ìåãáëýôåñï êáé ðëïõóéüôåñï áðü üëá ôá ìíçìåßá ðïõ Ý÷ïõí áíáêáëõöèåß óôç ÍÝá Áã÷ßáëï. Âñßóêåôáé êïíôÜ óôï íüôéï ôìÞìá ôïõ ôåß÷ïõò. ÁíáóêÜöôçêå ðåñéïäéêÜ áðü ôï 1929-1954 áðü ôïí Ã. Óùôçñßïõ. ÅðáíáëÞöèçêå ç áíáóêáöÞ ôï 1969 êáé óõíå÷ßóôçêå áðü ôïí Ð. Ëáæáñßäç. Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôñåéò åðÜëëçëåò âáóéëéêÝò. Ç ðñþôç ÷ñïíïëïãåßôáé óôá ìÝóá Þ óôï äåýôåñï ìéóü ôïõ 4ïõ áéþíá ì.×., ç äåýôåñç óôá ìÝóá Þ óôï äåýôåñï ìéóü ôïõ 5ïõ áéþíá ì.×. êáé ç Ôñßôç óôç åðï÷Þ ôïõ Éïõóôéíéáíïý ôïõ Á' (532 ì.×.) Ïé ôñåéò åðÜëëçëåò âáóéëéêÝò, ìáæß ìå ôá ðñïêôßóìáôá, êáôáëáìâÜíïõí ÷þñï 7000 ô.ì. êáé Ý÷ïõí êôéóôåß ðÜíù óå ÌõêçíáúêÜ êáé õóôåñïñùìáúêÜ åñåßðéá. Ðëïõóéüôáôïò åßíáé ï äéÜêïóìïò ôïõ ìíçìåßïõ óå ìáñìÜñéíá áñ÷éôåêôïíéêÜ êáé äéáêïóìçôéêÜ ìÝëç, åíôïß÷éá, øçöéäùôÜ êáé ôïé÷ïãñáößåò. Éäéáßôåñï åíäéáöÝñïí ðáñïõóéÜæïõí ôá äÜðåäá ôçò ðñþôçò êáé ôçò ôñßôçò âáóéëéêÞò ãéá ôçí õøçëÞ ôïõò ðïéüôçôá êáé ôçí ðïéêéëßá ôïõ èåìáôïëïãßïõ. Áðü ôï üíïìá ôïõ Áñ÷éåñÝùò ÐÝôñïõ, ðïõ áíáãñÜöåôáé óå áíáêáéíéóôéêÞ åðéãñáöÞ ôïõ íïôßïõ êëßôïõò ôçò ôåëåõôáßáò âáóéëéêÞò, ÷áñáêôçñßóôçêå üëï ôï óõãêñüôçìá «ÂáóéëéêÞ ôïõ Áñ÷éåñÝùò ÐÝôñïõ».

Basilica C' - High priest Peter Situated beside the today's market, next the national highway to Almyros.

It concerns the most important monument which has been discovered up to now in Nea Anchialos. The basilica C' is located close to the southern part of the city walls. The periodical excavations began from 1929 up to 1954 from G.Sotiriou. Another excavation took place in 1969 which has been continued by P.Lazarides.

There you find three sequentive basilicas. The first one is dated in the half or the second half of the 4th century a.C. The second one is dated in the half or the second half of the 5th century a.C. and the third one the period of Ioustinianos A' (532 a.C.). The three sequentive basilicas together with the additional buildings take 7000 sm. and they have been build on ruins of the Mycenaic and after Roman period. The reach decorations, the marble columns and decorative parts, as well as the big variety of the mosaics and the frescos are very interesting characteristics of the period. Special attention should be given at the floors of the 3rd basilica for the high quality and the theme variety of the mosaics.

The name given at the basilica C' «High priest Peter» is due to an epigraph found at the southern part of the 3rd basilica. Σελίδα Page 11

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Νέα Αγχίαλος Αρχαιολογικά Nea Anchialos Archaeological

ÂáóéëéêÞ Ä' - ÊïéìçôçñéáêÞ

Basilica D' Cemeterian

Âñßóêåôáé Ýîù áðü ôï ôåß÷ïò, óôï äõôéêü Üêñï ôçò ÍÝáò Áã÷éÜëïõ. Ôñßêëéôç âáóéëéêÞ ìá íÜñèçêá, áßèñéï êáé ðñïêôßóìáôá. ×áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ åßíáé ôá ôåôñÜãùíá äéáìåñßóìáôá ðïõ äçìéïõñãïýíôáé óôéò äýï ìáêñÝò ðëåõñÝò ôïõ ìíçìåßïõ óôá äýï Üêñá ôïõ íÜñèçêá, êáèþò êáé ïé õðüãåéïé êáìáñïóêÝðáóôïé ôÜöïé. ÁíáóêÜöôçêå ôï 1934-1936. ÓõìðëçñùìáôéêÝò áíáóêáöÝò Ýãéíáí ôï 1972 áðïêáëýðôïíôáò ôçí ìíçìåéáêÞ êñÞíç óôï áßèñéï, ôç èÝóç ôïõ Üìâùíá êáé Üëëá ðñïêôßóìáôá. ÅíäéáöÝñïí ðáñïõóéÜæïõí ôá øçöéäùôÜ äÜðåäá ìå äéÜêïóìï ãåùìåôñéêþí ó÷åäßùí, æþùí, ðôçíþí ê.á. Ç âáóéëéêÞ ÷ñïíïëïãåßôáé ìåôáîý ôïõ 5ïõ-60õ áéþíá ì.×.

Situated at the western part of Nea Anchialos, outside of the ancient walls.

Basilica D' or Cemeterian is a three-nave one with vestibule, yard and additional buildings. Very identical are the square rooms which are formed at the two long sides of the building, as well as the arch roofed graves.

The theme of the floor mosaics are very interesting as they present geometrical forms, animals, birds etc. (5th6th century a.C.). Basilica D' has been firstly excavated in 1934-1936. Additional excavation took place in 1972, when important findings brought into light.

Basilica of Torment

ÂáóéëéêÞ Ìáñôõñßïõ Âñßóêåôáé óôçí ïäü Óôáõñßäç ðñïò ôïõò ëá÷áíüêçðïõò, óôá íüôéá ôçò ÍÝáò Áã÷éÜëïõ. ÁíáóêÜöôçêå êáôÜ ôá Ýôç 1978, 1979 êáé 1971 êáé åßíáé Ýîù áðü ôá ôåß÷ç ôçò áñ÷áßáò ðüëçò. Ôñßêëéôç âáóéëéêÞ ìå íÜñèçêá, êôéóìÝíç ðÜíù óôá åñåßðéá áñ÷áéïôÝñùí êôéñßùí, ðéèáíüí ôïõ 4ïõ áéþíá ð.×. Óôï éåñü ôçò âáóéëéêÞò äéáóþèçêå ç êôéóôÞ âÜóç ôçò Áãßáò ÔñÜðåæáò, ôï êéâùôéüó÷çìï åãêáßíéï êáé ôìÞìá óýíèñïíïõ. ×áñáêôçñéóôéêïß åßíáé ïé ïêôÜðëåõñïé êéïíßóêïé ôïõ öñÜãìáôïò ôïõ Ðñåóâõôåñßïõ. Ôï âüñåéï êëßôïò êáé ï íÜñèçêáò åßíáé óôñùìÝíá ìå øçöéäùôÜ, ìå ðëïýóéá èåìáôïãñáößá óôï äéÜêïóìï. Áðü åðéãñáöÞ óå èùñÜêéï ôïõ öñÜãìáôïò ôïõ Ðñåóâõôåñßïõ ÕÐÅÑ ÅÕ×ÇÓ ÌÁÑÔÕÑÉÏÕ ïíïìÜóôçêå ç âáóéëéêÞ ôïõ Ìáñôõñßïõ. ÅðéãñáöÞ ôçò êÝíôçóçò ôïõ øçöéäùôïý ìðñïóôÜ áðü ôçí âáóßëåéï ðýëç ÷ñïíïëïãåß ôç âáóéëéêÞ óôá 431 ì.×.

Situated southern of Nea Anchialos, outside of the ancient walls. The excavations took place in 1971, 1978 and 1979.

It is a three-nave basilica with vestibule, built on the ruins of an ancient buildings (probably dated the 4th century a.C.). The archaeological pickax brought into light the base of the Holly table of the sanctuary and the «synthronon». The eight sided columns of the presbytery are very characteristic. The floors of the northern part of the building as well as the vestibule are covered with mosaics, rich in texture and theme.

The basilica took its name «Torment» from an epigraph found at the beast of the presbytery, dated the 431 a.C.

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Νέα Αγχίαλος Αρχαιολογικά Nea Anchialos Archaeological

ÂáóéëéêÞ Å'

Âñßóêåôáé Ýîù áðü ôá ôåß÷ç êáé ÷ñïíïëïãåßôáé óôïí 5ï6ï áéþíá ì.×. Õðüêáõóôï óôá 100ì. íïôéïáíáôïëéêÜ ôçò âáóéëéêÞò Ìáñôõñßïõ ìå øçöéäùôÜ äÜðåäá. Êôßñéï ðáëáéï÷ñéóôéáíéêÞò åðï÷Þò ðéèáíüí âáóéëéêÞ óôç âïñåéïáíáôïëéêÞ êáìðÞ ôïõ ôåß÷ïõò ìå øçöéäùôÜ äÜðåäá.

ÂáóéëéêÞ ÓÔ'

Âñßóêåôáé äßðëá óôçí Áóôõíïìéêü ÔìÞìá ôçò ÍÝáò Áã÷éÜëïõ. ÊáôÜ ôçí áíáóêáöéêÞ Ýñåõíá ôï 1978 êáé 1981 áðïêáëýöèçêå ç Ýíáôç êáôÜ óåéñÜ âáóéëéêÞ óôï êÝíôñï ôçò ðüëçò. Áðü ôç âáóéëéêÞ áõôÞ áíáóêÜöôçêáí ôìÞìá ôçò áøßäáò êáé ôùí êëéôþí, ôá äÜðåäá ôùí ïðïßùí åßíáé óôñùìÝíá ìå øçöéäùôÜ êáé ìáñìáñùèåôÞìáôá. ×ñïíïëïãåßôáé ìå ðéèáíüôçôá óôá ìÝóá ôïõ 5ïõ áéþíá ì.×.

Ôñßêëéôïò Éäéüôõðïò ÍáÀóêïò

Áðïêáëýöôçêå ôï 1982 óå éäéùôéêü ïéêüðåäï. ×ñïíïëïãåßôáé óôïõò ðñþéìïõò ðáëáéï÷ñéóôéáíéêïýò áéþíåò, 3ï-4ï áéþíá ì.×. ðñéí áðü ôï êôßóéìï ôùí ìåãÜëùí âáóéëéêþí êáé èá ÷ñçóßìåõå ãéá ôéò èñçóêåõôéêÝò áíÜãêåò ôùí ëßãùí áêüìç ÷ñéóôéáíþí ôùí Öèéþôéäùí Èçâþí.

Basilica E' It is situated outside the ancient walls, dated from the 5th-6th century a.C. Under heated baths with well conditioned mosaics at about 100 meters from basilica of Torment Building from the Paleochristianic period, possible another basilica at its northwestern part of the walls.

Basilica F' Situated at the today's market, next to the police station.

After the excavations of 1978 and 1981, it has been discovered the ninth basilica at the town's center.

Until now only the arch and part of the floors, which are covered with mosaics and marble. Dated possibly the 5th century a.C.

Three-aisled odd small church Discovered during 1982 in a private land. It is dated at the early Paleochristianic centuries, 3rd-4th a.C. Most probably it has been built in order to facilitate the religious ceremonies and needs of the few Christians of the Phthiotides Thieves (before the construction of the bigger basilicas)

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Νέα Αγχίαλος Αρχαιολογικά Nea Anchialos Archaeological

ÂáðôéóôÞñéï

Baptistery

Ôï 1983, íüôéá ôïõ áßèñéïõ ôçò âáóéëéêÞò Áñ÷éåñÝùò ÐÝôñïõ, áíáêáëýöôçêå ôï âáðôéóôÞñéï ðïõ áðü ôï ó÷Ýäéï êáé ôéò äéáóôÜóåéò ôïõ èåùñåßôáé ìïíáäéêü óôïí Åëëáäéêü ÷þñï. Ôï öùôéóôÞñéï áíáôïëéêÜ åßíáé ôåôñÜãùíï êáé ðåñéâÜëëåé õðåñõøùìÝíï êõêëéêü óôõëïâÜôç óôïí ïðïßï ðáôïýóáí ïêôþ êßïíåò. Óôï êÝíôñï ïêôÜãùíç êïëõìâÞèñá. ÅíôõðùóéáêÜ ìáñìáñïèåôÞìáôá óôï ðÜôùìá. ÅðéãñáöÞ óôï êáôþöëé ôçò äõôéêÞò åðõëßäáò ôïõ êõêëéêïý óôõëïâÜôç áíáöÝñåé üôé ï êáôáóêåõáóôÞò Þ äùñçôÞò ôçò óôñþóçò áõôÞò Þôáí ï Ðïëõ÷ñüíéïò «õðÝñ åõ÷Þò». ÄõôéêÜ ôïõ öùôéóôçñßïõ õðÜñ÷åé ôñßêëéôïò «åîþôåñïò» ïßêïò. ÌåãÜëç ðéèáíüôçôá ôï âáðôéóôÞñéï èåùñåßôáé óýã÷ñïíï ôçò ðñþôçò âáóéëéêÞò ôïõ Áñ÷éåñÝùò ÐÝôñïõ. Ôï ëåãüìåíï Åðéóêïðéêü ÌÝãáñï âñßóêåôáé óôá 100 ì. äõôéêÜ ôçò âáóéëéêÞò ôïõ Áãßïõ Äçìçôñßïõ. Áíáêáëýöôçêå óôá 1937, 1939 êáé 1954 áðü ôïí Ã. Óùôçñßïõ, ôï 1972 Þñèáí óôï öùò áðü ôïí Ð. Ëáæáñßäç êáé Üëëá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ êôéñßïõ. ¹ôáí äéþñïöï êáé åß÷å óçìáíôéêü ãëõðôü äéÜêïóìï. ÁíÞêåé óôïõò õóôåñïñùìáúêïýò ÷ñüíïõò, óõíôçñÞèçêå üìùò êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞèçêå ùò ôïí 7ï áéþíá ì.×.

In 1983, south of Basilica High Priest Peter's atrium, was discovered the baptistery that by the drawing and his dimensions is considered unique in the Hellenic space. The “Fotistirio” (illumination) in the east is square and it surrounds elevated circular pillar in which they stepped eight columns.

In the center octagonal baptistery. Impressive marble inlay on the floor. Epigraph on the west doorsill of the circular pillar, mentions that the constructor or donator of this layer was Polyhronios «for wish». Western of “Fotistirio” (illimination) there is a three aisled “outer” house. It is probable that the baptistery is considered contemporary to the first Basilica of High Priest Peter The called Episcopical mansion is situated in the 100 m. western the Basilica of Saint Dimitrios. It was discovered in the 1937,.1939 and 1954 by G. Sotiriou, in 1972 they came into light from the P. Lazaridis other departments of the building. It was two-storied and had important sculptural decor. It belongs in the after Roman times and it was maintained however and used until the 7th century a.C.

Óõãêñüôçìá Äçìïóßùí Êôéñßùí

Group of Public Buildings.

Ç áðïêÜëõøç Üñ÷éóå ôï 1956 áðü ôïí Ã. Óùôçñßïõ êáé óõíå÷ßóôçêå áðü ôïí Ð. Ëáæáñßäç óôá ÷ñüíéá 1960-1698 êáé 1987. ÅðéóçìÜíèçêáí 8 ïéêïäïìéêÝò öÜóåéò. Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá äçìüóéï óõãêñüôçìá áãïñÜò Þ íïóïêïìåßïõ Þ êÜðïéïõ Üëëïõ ðñïïñéóìïý, ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞèçêå ãéá ðïëëïýò áéþíåò. ÌÝóá óôï ÷þñï ôïõ óõãêñïôÞìáôïò, ëïõôñéêü êôßñéï ìå øçöéäùôü äÜðåäï óå ìßá áßèïõóá ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ÷ñïíïëïãçèåß óôï 2ï ð.×. áéþíá. Áðü ôìÞìáôá ôïõ ôåß÷ïõò ôçò áñ÷áßáò ðüëçò ôùí Öèéþôéäùí Èçâþí ðýñãïõò, ðýëåò ðïõ âñÝèçêáí Þ åðéóçìÜíèçêáí óðïñáäéêÜ Ýãéíå äõíáôÞ ç ó÷åäéáóôéêÞ áðïôýðùóç êáé ï êáèïñéóìüò ôçò ðïñåßáò êáé ôçò ÝêôáóÞò ôïõ. Ôï ôåß÷ïò äéáêñßíåôáé óå ÷åñóáßï êáé èáëÜóóéï. ÐåñéÝâáëå ôçí Áêñüðïëç ôçò ÏìçñéêÞò ÐõñÜóïõ, ôï ëéìÜíé êáé ìåãÜëç Ýêôáóç ôçò áñ÷áßáò ðüëçò. Ôï ìÞêïò ôïõ Þôáí 2000 ì. ðåñßðïõ êáé ôï åìâáäüí 250000 ô.ì. ÁëëÜ ç ðüëç åêôåéíüôáí êáé Ýîù áðü ôïí ðåñßãõñï ï÷ýñùóçò.

The revelation began in 1956 from the G. Sotiriou and was continued by the P. Lazaridis in 1960-1698 and 1987. There were pointed out 8 building phases. It is concerned of a public group of market or hospital or some other ordainment, that was used for a lot of centuries. Inside this area, there is bath building with mosaic flooring in a room that can be dated in the 2nd century a.C. From city wall parts of the ancient city Fthiotides Thebes towers, gates that were found or were pointed out sporadically became possible the imprint and the determination of its course and its extent. The wall is distinguished in land and marine. It was surrounding the city of Omeric Pyrassos, the harbor and big extent of the ancient city. Its length was 2000 m. roughly and the area 250000 s.m. but the city was extended outside by the environment of fortification.

Σελίδα Page 14 H O T E L S

Νέα Αγχίαλος Ιστορικά Nea Anchialos Historical

ÊáôáãùãÞ

Ïé êÜôïéêïé ôçò ÍÝáò Áã÷éÜëïõ êáôÜãïíôáé áðü ôçí Áã÷ßáëï ôçò ÁíáôïëéêÞò Ñùìõëßáò, óçìåñéíÞ åðáñ÷ßá ôçò Âïõëãáñßáò.

ÁíáôïëéêÞ Ñùìõëßá

ÁíáôïëéêÞ Ñùìõëßá åßíáé ç ïíïìáóßá ðïõ äüèçêå, áðü ôçí óõíèÞêç ôïõ Âåñïëßíïõ ôïí Éïýëéï ôïõ 1878, óôçí ðåñéï÷Þ ôçò ôüôå ÏèùìáíéêÞò Áõôïêñáôïñßáò ðïõ áíôéóôïé÷åß óôç Âüñåéï ÈñÜêç. Ç ïíïìáóßá äüèçêå ðñïöáíþò åî áéôßáò ôïõ åëëçíéêïý óôïé÷åßïõ, ðïõ Þôáí ç ðëåéïøçößá óôçí ðåñéï÷Þ êáé êáôåß÷å ôá óêÞðôñá ôçò ðíåõìáôéêÞò, ïéêïíïìéêÞò êáé åìðïñéêÞò æùÞò. Ìå ôç óõíèÞêç ôïõ Âåñïëßíïõ âÜóç åèíïëïãéêþí êñéôçñßùí éäñýïíôáé äýï çãåìïíßåò: Ç Âïõëãáñßá ùò áíåîÜñôçôï êñÜôïò, öüñïõ õðïôåëÞò óôï ÓïõëôÜíï, âïñåßùò ôïõ üñïõò Áßìïõ êáé ç ÁíáôïëéêÞ Ñùìõëßá óôç Âüñåéï ÈñÜêç ùò áõôüíïìç ðåñéï÷Þ óôçí åðéêõñéáñ÷ßá ôïõ ÓïõëôÜíïõ.

êçñýóóåé ðüëåìï êáôÜ ôçò Âïõëãáñßáò êáé íéêéÝôáé. Ç ÅëëÜäá ôçò áíôéäñÜ ìå åðéóôñÜôåõóç, áëëÜ ç åðÝìâáóç ôùí ÌåãÜëùí ÄõíÜìåùí ðïõ áðÝêëåéóáí ôïí ÐåéñáéÜ, áðïôñÝðïõí áðïôåëåóìáôéêÞ êéíçôïðïßçóç. Áðü ôüôå áñ÷ßæåé ç åöáñìïãÞ ðñïãñÜììáôïò ãéá ôïí áöåëëçíéóìü ôçò ðåñéï÷Þò ìå êÜèå ìÝóï. Ìéá ðñïóðÜèåéá ðïõ äåí èá óôáìáôÞóåé ãéá óáñÜíôá ïëüêëçñá ÷ñüíéá, ìÝ÷ñé üôïõ äéù÷ôïýí üëïé ïé åëëçíéêïß ðëçèõóìïß. Ó' áõôÞ ôçí ðñïóðÜèåéá ôùí ÂïõëãÜñùí, ôï ôñáãéêüôåñï èýìá Þôáí ç Áã÷ßáëïò.

Origin The inhabitants of Nea Anchialos are originated from Anchialos of Eastern Romylia, now a days Bulgaria's province.

Eastern Romylia Eastern Romylia is the name given by the Berlin's convention (July 1878), at the Othonan Empire's territory, which by that time was belonged to them. That name has been given most probably due to the majority of the inhabitants, who were Greeks, and they have had the prevalence of the spiritual, financial and commercial life.

By Berlin's convention (based on ethnic criteria), two hegemonies would be created:

1) Bulgaria, as an independent state (tax payable at the sultan) and 2) Eastern Romylia-as an autonomous territory governed by the sultan.

In 1885, the Bulgarians taking advantage at the disability of the Turkish leadership and the toleration of the Big Forces, started to appended arbitrarily Eastern Romylia into Bulgaria. Serbia declared war against the Bulgarians and they were bitten.

Greece reacts with levy en masse but the intervention of the Big Forces who shut out Piraeus, discouraged effective mobilization.

From that point begins the application of program of the destruction of Greeks with any means. An effort that will not stop for forty entire years, up to rout out all the Greek populations.

In this the effort of Bulgarians, the more tragic victim was Anchialos.

Ôï 1885 ïé Âïýëãáñïé åêìåôáëëåõüìåíïé ôçí áíéêáíüôçôá ôçò ôïõñêéêÞò çãåóßáò êáé ôçí áíï÷Þ ôùí ÌåãÜëùí ÄõíÜìåùí ðñïóáñôïýóáí áõèáßñåôá ôçí ÁíáôïëéêÞ Ñùìõëßá óôç Âïõëãáñßá. Ç Óåñâßá Σελίδα Page 15 H O T E L S

Νέα Αγχίαλος Ιστορικά Nea Anchialos Historical

Áã÷ßáëïò ôçò ÁíáôïëéêÞò Ñùìõëßáò Ç Áã÷ßáëïò óôç Áñ÷áßá ÅëëÜäá õðÞñîå áðïéêßá ôùí Ìçëéóßùí. Éäñýèçêå ôïí 5ï áéþíá ð.×. ðÜíù óå ìéêñÞ ÷åñóüíçóï óôïí êüëðï ôïõ óçìåñéíïý Ðýñãïõ ôçò Âïõëãáñßáò óôç Ìáýñç ÈÜëáóóá. Ó' ïëüêëçñç ôçí ìáêñáßùíç æùÞ ôçò áðü ôçí ßäñõóÞ ôçò Ýùò ôç 30ç Éïõëßïõ 1906 ðïõ Ýãéíå ôï ïëïêáýôùìá ôçò ðüëçò áðü ôïõò ÂïõëãÜñïõò êáé ï îåñéæùìüò ôïõò, ïé Áã÷éáëßôåò Ýìåéíáí áíåðßìåéêôïé ðñïò ôïõò ãåéôïíéêïýò ôïõò ëáïýò êáé äéáôÞñçóáí ôçí åèíéêüôçôÜ, ôç ãëþóóá êáé ôç èñçóêåßá ôïõò. Ç Áã÷ßáëïò áðü ôïõò áñ÷áßïõò ÷ñüíïõò Þôáí áíåîÜñôçôç ðüëç ìå äéêïýò ôçò íüìïõò êáé íïìßóìáôá. Ï Áðüëëùíáò Þôáí ï ðïëéïý÷ïò èåüò êáé ï «ÌéëÞóéïò Âïýò» êïóìïýóå ôá íïìßóìáôÜ ôçò. Óôç ÑùìáúêÞ åðï÷Þ áêïëïõèïýóå ôçí ôý÷ç ôùí Üëëùí åëëçíéêþí ðüëåùí êáé ïíïìÜóôçêå «Ïõëðßá Þ ÏõëðéáíÞ Áã÷ßáëïò» áðü ôï ïéêïãåíåéáêü üíïìá ôïõ áõôïêñÜôïñá Ôñáúáíïý. ÊáôÜ ôçí ÂõæáíôéíÞ ðåñßïäï ïíïìáæüôáí Á÷åëþ, üíïìá ðïõ öôÜíåé ìÝ÷ñé ôéò ìÝñåò ìáò óáí ðáñáöèïñÜ. Ôï üíïìá Áã÷ßáëïò óçìáßíåé ðüëç êïíôÜ óôç èÜëáóóá êáé åßíáé óýíèåôç: Üã÷é-áëüò, Üã÷é = ðëçóßïí áëòáëüò= èÜëáóóá. Êáé ðñÜãìáôé ç Áã÷ßáëïò ÷áñáêôçñéæüôáí óáí «Íýìöç ôçò Ìáýñçò ÈÜëáóóáò». Åêåßíç ôçí ðåñßïäï õðÞñîå ìåãÜëç áíÜðôõîç, éäéáßôåñá óôï åìðüñéï ìéáò êáé ïé Áã÷éáëßôåò äéåíåñãïýóáí åîáãùãéêü åìðüñéï ìå ôç Âåíåôßá êáé ôç ÃÝíïâá. Ç Áã÷ßáëïò Þôáí ôï êÝíôñï Üìõíáò ôùí âõæáíôéíþí âïñåßùí óõíüñùí, ìéáò êáé ÷áñáêôçñéæüôáí áðü ôéò éó÷õñüôåñåò ðüëåéò êïíôÜ óôçí Êùíóôáíôéíïýðïëç. Ç ðüëç äéáôÞñçóå äõüìéóé ÷éëéÜäåò ÷ñüíéá ôïí åëëçíéêü ôçò ÷áñáêôÞñá ðáñÜ ôï ðÝñáóìá ôùí áéþíùí, ðïõ Ýöåñå ðÜíù ôéò áêìÝò êáé ðáñáêìÝò, êáôáóôñïöÝò êáé õðïôáãÝò. Ãéá ôá äéáêüóéá ôïõëÜ÷éóôï ôåëåõôáßá ÷ñüíéá Ý÷ïõìå áêüìç ôç æùíôáíÞ ðáñÜäïóç ðïõ ìéëÜ ãé' áõôü êáèáñÜ. Ìå ôç ðñïóÜñôçóç ôçò ÁíáôïëéêÞò Ñùìõëßáò óôç Âïõëãáñßá (1885), ç Áã÷ßáëïò Ýãéíå âïõëãáñéêÞ åðáñ÷ßá. ¼ìùò êáé ôüôå ïé Áã÷éáëßôåò óõíÝ÷éæáí íá èåùñïýí ôïí åáõôü ôïõñ ñùìéü.

Anchialos of Eastern Romylia Anchialos in Ancient Greece existed a colony of Milicians. It was founded the 5th century b.C. on small peninsula in the gulf of now a days Burgas of Bulgaria in the Black Sea. In its entire life of many centuries from its foundation until the 30th of July 1906, when the holocaust of city took place from the Bulgarians and the violent expatriation of locals, remained unmixed to their neighbors races and they maintained the nationality, the language and their religion.

From the ancient years, Anchialos was independent city with its own laws and currencies. Apollo was the patron god and the «Milisios Vous = Militos bufallo» adorned its currencies. During the Roman times, the city followed the chance of other Greek cities and was named «Oulpia or Oulpian Anchialos» referring to emperor Traianos family last name. At the Byzantine period the city was named Ahelo, name that reaches up to our days as verbal corruption. The name Anchialos means city near in the sea and it is composite word: Anchi-alos, Anchi=near & alos=sea. Anchialos was indeed characterized as «The Nymphe of the Black Sea». That period existed big growth, particularly in the trade as the locals held export trade with the Venice and the Genova. Anchialos was the center of defense of Byzantine northern borders, one and was characterized by the more powerful cities near in Konstantinoupolis (Istamboul.)

The city preserved its Greek character for 2,5 thousand years, which brought about prosperity, declining catastrophes, submission. For the last 200 years there is a great vivid tradition which speaks for itself. By the annexation of the East Romylia to Bulgaria (1885), Anchialos became a Bulgaria prefecture. But even then the people of Anchialos continued to consider themselves pure Greeks. Σελίδα Page 16 H O T E L S

Νέα Αγχίαλος Ιστορικά Nea Anchialos Historical

Áã÷ßáëïò ôçò ÁíáôïëéêÞò Ñùìõëßáò Ïé êÜôïéêïé ôçò Áã÷éÜëïõ Þôáí 6000 ðåñßðïõ. Åêôüò áðü ôïõò ¸ëëçíåò, ðïõ Þôáí ôï ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝñïò, åß÷å êáé Âïýëãáñïõò êáé áñêåôïýò Ôïýñêïõò êáé ôóéããÜíïõò. ÐÝñá áðü ôïõò íôüðéïõò åß÷áí åãêáôáóôáèåß óôçí Áã÷ßáëï êáé ¸ëëçíåò áðü Üëëá ìÝñç üðùò ÌåóÞìâñéá, Óùæüðïëç, Ðýñãï, ÊñÞôç... Áõôü ìðïñåß íá ôåêìçñéùèåß áí åîåôÜóåé êáíåßò ôá åðßèåôá ôïõò, ôá ïðïßá Üëëïôå õðïäÞëùíáí ôçí êáôáãùãÞ ôïõò êáé Üëëïôå ôï åðÜããåëìÜ ôïõò ð.÷. Ôæïõìåñêéþôçò (áðü ôá ÔæïõìÝñêá), ËáóêáñÜêçò (áðü ôç ÊñÞôç), Ìåóçìâñéíüò (áðü ôçí ÌåóÝìâñéá), ÐáñáìÜíáò (åðåéäÞ óõããåíéêü ðñüóùðï åñãáæüôáí ùò ðáñáìÜíá-ìáìÞ) Ç êýñéá áó÷ïëßá ôùí Áã÷éáëéôþí Þôáí ç áìðåëïõñãßá, ôï åìðüñéï, á áëáôïðáñáãùãÞ, ç íáõôéëßá êáé ôï øÜñåìá. ×ùñßæïíôáò óå äýï êïéíùíéêÝò ôÜîåéò: ôïõò «ÔóïñìðáôæÞäåò» äçëáäÞ ôïõò ðñïý÷ïíôåò êáé ôïõò «ÌðáíôáñÜêçäåò» äçëáäÞ ôïí áðëü ëáü. Óôçí Áã÷ßáëï ìðÞêáí ðïëý íùñßò ïé ìéêñïáóôéêÝò óõíÞèåéåò. Ç ìüäá Þôáí êáô' åõèåßáí áðü ôï Ðáñßóé. Ç óõìðåñéöïñÜ ôïõò êáé êÜèå ôïõò åêäÞëùóç Þôáí ìïíôÝñíá. ¼ëá áõôÜ üìùò áäõíÜôéóáí ôï äåóìü ìå ôçí ðáñÜäïóç. Ï Áã÷éáëßôçò Þôáí êáëüò êáé öéëÞóõ÷ïò. Ðïëý åñãáôéêüò êáé ðñïïäåõôéêüò óôç äïõëåéÜ ôïõ. Êïéíùíéêüò, ÷ùñáôáôæÞò, ãëåôæÝò. Ïé êáëëéôå÷íéêÝò ôïõ éêáíüôçôåò åðéêåíôñþíïíôáí ðñïðÜíôùí óôï ÷ïñü, óôï ôñáãïýäé êáé óôï èÝáôñï. ÂáèéÜ äçìïêñáôéêüò. Îáêïõóôü ðáëéêÜñé êáé ðáôñéþôçò. ¼óïí áöïñÜ ôç ãõíáßêá, óõììåôåß÷å ìå ôç äñáóôçñéüôçôÜ ôçò ðáíôïý êáé åß÷å îå÷ùñéóôÞ èÝóç óôï óðßôé êáé óôçí êïéíùíßá. Ïé ìüíåò Äå ÷åéñïíáêôéêÝò äïõëåéÝò ðïõ Ýêáíå Þôáí ïé äïõëåéÝò ôïõ óðéôéïý. ¼ìùò ç Üñéóôá ñõìïôïìçìÝíç ðüëç ìå ôïí ôüóï êïéíùíéêü êáé öéëÞóõ÷ï ðëçèõóìü ôçò, êÜçêå ïëïó÷åñþò: Ýíá ôñáãéêü ïëïêáýôùìá Ýêáíå, ôç 30ç Éïõëßïõ ôïõ 1906, íá îåñéæùèåß ïëüêëçñïò ï ðëçèõóìüò ôçò áíáôïëéêÞò Ñùìõëßáò. Ç Íýìöç ôïõ Åýîåéíïõ Ðüíôïõ Ýóâçóå Üëëá ï ðïëéôéóìüò êáé ç ëáúêÞ ðáñÜäïóç óõíå÷ßóôçêáí óå äýï Üëëåò ðüëåéò: ôçí Áã÷ßáëï ôçò Ìáêåäïíßáò êáé ôçí ÍÝá Áã÷ßáëï ôçò Èåóóáëßáò. ¼ôáí Ýöôáóáí åäþ ïé ðñüãïíïß ìáò, ôïõò ðáñá÷ùñÞèçêå ãç 54000 óôñåììÜôùí áðü ôçí ÅëëçíéêÞ ÊõâÝñíçóç. áãïñáóìÝíá áðü Ýíáò ôïðéêü ôóéöëéêÜ, áëëÜ ìüëéò ôá 34000 óôñÝììáôá ìðïñïýóáí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí êáèþò ôá õðüëïéðá Þôáí âïýñêïò êáé

Ýëç. Ëüãù ôùí åëþí áíôéìåôþðéóáí ôñïìåñÜ ðñïâëÞìáôá åëïíïóßáò êáé áéìáôïõñßáò ìå óõìðôþìáôá ôï ìåëÜíéáóìÜ ôïõ ðñïóþðïõ êáé ôç äéüãêùóç ôçò óðëÞíáò. ÓõíïëéêÜ ïé íåêñïß ãÝìéóáí äýï íåêñïôáöåßá ôùí äÝêá óôñåììÜôùí ôï êáèÝíá. Äåí Þôáí ëßãïé áõôïß ðïõ Ýöõãáí êáé Üëëïé ðïõ åðÝóôñåøáí ðßóù óôç Âïõëãáñßá. ÊáôÜ ôïí äåýôåñï ðáãêüóìéï ðüëåìï, ç ÍÝá Áã÷ßáëïò êáôáóôñÜöçêå ïëïó÷åñþò áðü ôïõò Éôáëïýò (27 Áðñéëßïõ 1943, ôñåéò çìÝñåò ìåôÜ ôï ÐÜó÷á). Ëßãá ÷ñüíéá áñãüôåñá (2 Ìáñôßïõ 1948), êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôïõ åìöõëßïõ ðïëÝìïõ, ç ðüëç îáíáêáôáóôñÜöçêå áðü ôïõò áíôÜñôåò. Äåí ðÝñáóáí ëßãá ÷ñüíéá áðü ôï ôåëåõôáßï ÷ôýðçìá ôçò ìïßñáò, ç öõëëïîÝñá êáôÝóôñåøå üëç ôçí ðáñáãùãÞ óôáöõëéþí óôçí ðåñéï÷Þ (ðåñßðïõ 4000 óôñÝììáôá). Ïé êÜôïéêïé óêÝðôïíôáí íá áãïñÜóïõí ôïí ÁìåñéêÜíéêï ôýðï óôáöõëéïý ìá Þôáí áâÜóôá÷ôá áêñéâüò. Ôï 1954, ÷ôýðçóå ôç ðüëç ï ÅãêÝëáäïò. Ï êáôáóôñïöéêüò óåéóìüò Ýêáíå íá êáôáññåýóåé ôï ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝñïò ôçò ðüëçò. Ð ðáñÜ ôéò êáêïõ÷ßåò üìùò, êáôüñèùóáí íá åðéâéþóïõí. ÁíáìöéóâÞôçôá ç æùÞ óôçí ÅëëÜäá, äýóêïëç üðùò Þôáí, Üëëáîå ðïëëÜ ðñÜãìáôá ôá ïðïßá åðçñÝáóáí ôïí ÷áñáêôÞñá ôùí êáôïßêùí. Ðáñ' üëá áõôÜ üìùò ðáñÝìåéíáí ðïëëÜ óôïé÷åßá ôçò ôïðéêÞò éäéïôõðßáò óôç íïïôñïðßá ôùí êáôïßêùí ôá ïðïßá ìåôáäßäïõí óôïõò êáôïßêïõò ôçò Èåóóáëßáò.

Σελίδα Page 17 H O T E L S

Νέα Αγχίαλος Ιστορικά Nea Anchialos Historical

Anchialos of Eastern Romylia Anchialos population was about 6000 people. Apart from the Greeks, who were the biggest part, there were also a few Bulgarians as well as Turks and gypsies. Except for the local people Anchialos was also inhabited by Greeks from other parts, such as Mesembria, Sozopolis, Pyrgos, Crete, Moria, Minor Asia, islands... This fact can be easily justified by examining the people's surnames, which used to show their origin or their profession: i.e.

Tzoumerkiotis (from Tzoumerka), Mesimbrinos (from Mesembria), Agathopolitis (from Agathopolis), Paramanas (because a relative was working as “paramana” = governess).

The main occupation of the local people was vine growing, commerce, salt production, shipping and fishing. They used to be divided into two local social classes: The “tsorbatzides” that is to say prosperous and the “badarakides” the people. Anchialos early adapted the bourgeoisie style of life. fashion came strictly from Paris. People's behavior was very modern. As a consequence all these weakened the bond with the tradition.

with tremendous problems such as malaria and haematuria. The number of dead people was so big that they had to fill two cemeteries of 10 acts each.

Some of the people left and some of them went back to Bulgaria.

During the second world war, Nea Anchialos has been destroyed completely by Italians (27 April 1943, three days after Easter).

A few years later (2 March 1948), during the civil war, the town has been destroyed once more from the rebels.

Couple of years later, phylloxera destroyed all the vineyard of the area (approximately 4,000,000 sm.).

They have been thinking to buy the American type but it was tremendously expensive.

In 1954, the earthquake demolished the biggest part of the city. But in spite of the hardship and sufferings they managed to survive.

Undoubtedly life in Greece, difficult as it was, changed lots of things, which influenced even the character of the people. However, there still remain a lot of elements in the mentality and they communicated them to the local people of Thessaly.

The citizen of Anchialos is good and peace-full, hardworking and social. He loves joking, entertainment, dancing, singing, going to the theater.

Deeply democratic, brave patriot. As far as the woman is concerned, she was always been a great help in the house and the society.

However, the excellent laying out of the city with its friendly population was totally burnt on the 30th of July 1906. The great city of Efxinos Pontos was gone for ever but not the culture and the local civilization, which continued in two other cities: Anchialos of Macedonia and Nea Anchialos of Thessaly.

When our ancestors arrived here, they have been given 54,000,000 square meters by the Greek government, bought from a local farmer, but only the 34,000,000 finally were useful as the other part was swamp.

Due to swap and the mosquitoes, they have to deal Σελίδα Page 18 H O T E L S

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