Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) [CAS 7722-64-7; InChIKey VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N; Reaxys,

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Date

32 reactions in Reaxys

2016-03-14 08h:41m:46s (EST)

O K+

1. Query

(v0)

O

(v7)

Mn

O–

O

Search as: As drawn

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2

O K+ –O Mn

O

O–

(v7)

K+ O Mn O–

(v6)

O

O

Rx-ID: 26177580 View in Reaxys 1/32 Yield 90 %

Conditions & References With water in water, byproducts: KOH, H2; Electrolysis; use of Ni or Fe anode and use of iron or monelmetal as cathode vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 View in Reaxys Preisler, E.; in: K. Winnacker, L. Kuechler, 3. Aufl., Bd. 2, 1970, S. 133 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With water in water, byproducts: KOH, H2; Electrolysis; Ni anode used Brand, K.; Ramsbottom, J. E.; J. Prakt. Chem. (2); vol. 82; (1910); p. 336 - 396 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

>99

With bromine in water Staedeler, G.; Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig); vol. 103; (1868); p. 107 - 108 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.2, page 147 - 147 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With calcium chloride in not given Ciochina, I.; Ivascanu, S.; Ibanescu, I.; Bul. Inst. Politeh. Iasi (2); vol. 2; (1956); p. 103 - 114 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.1, page 146 - 147 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

>99

With chlorine in water, byproducts: KCl; mixing K2MnO4 with water, introduction of Cl2, diluting with water, filtering on glas-powder, evapn.; recrystn.

Staedeler, G.; Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig); vol. 103; (1868); p. 107 - 108 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.2, page 147 - 147 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With water in water, byproducts: KOH, H2; Electrolysis; Pt electrodes used, at 60°C Swarup, D.; Sinha, H. N.; J. Sci. Ind. Res. (India) A; vol. 11; (1952); p. 254 - 256 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With water in water, byproducts: KOH, H2; Electrolysis; ferromanganese anode used Agladze, R. I.; Petriashvilli, L. D.; Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR Inst. Neorgan. Khim. i Elektrokhim.; (1965); p. 112 - 120; C.A.; vol. 64; (1966); p. 17043 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With water in water, byproducts: KOH, H2; Electrolysis; iron electrodes used, septd. by a cement diaphragm vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 View in Reaxys Patent; anonymous; Chemische Fabrik vorm. E. Schering; DE28782; (1884) View in Reaxys Patent; anonymous; Salzbergwerk Neu-Stassfurt; DE101710; (1898) ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With water in water, byproducts: KOH, H2; Electrolysis; supersound used

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Gindis, A. P.; Elektrokhimiya; vol. 9; (1973); p. 247 - 250; C.A.; vol. 78; (1973); p. 131338 View in Reaxys Gindis, A. P.; Elektrokhimiya; vol. 3; (1967); p. 680 - 681; Elektrokhimiya; vol. 3; (1967); p. 768 - 770 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With water in water, byproducts: KOH, H2; Electrolysis; with diaphragm vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 View in Reaxys Patent; Deissler, F.; DE105008; (1898) ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With water in water, byproducts: KOH, H2; Electrolysis; without diaphragm, cathodic current density:anodic current density 90:9 A/dm2, evapn. in vac.

Askenasy, P.; Klonowsky, S.; Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie; vol. 16; (1910); p. 170 - 176 View in Reaxys Aten, A. H. W.; Chemisch Weekblad; vol. 18; (1921); p. 140 - 141 View in Reaxys Rapin, G.; Chimie et Industrie (Paris); vol. 33; nb. 4; (1935); p. 803 - 810 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With water in sodium hydroxide, byproducts: KOH, H2; Electrolysis Djordjevic, S.; Vojnovic, M.; Rakin, P.; Tehnika (Belgrade); vol. 22; (1967); p. 122 - 127; C.A.; vol. 68; (1968); p.

74589 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With water in not given, byproducts: KOH, MnO2; in neutral or acidic soln., introduction of CO2, filtering, cooling, evapn.,; filtering on glass filter or centrifugation, washing with little cool water, drying at 80-90°C Volskova, V. L.; Zavodskaya Laboratoriya; vol. 11; (1945); p. 484; C.A.; (1946); p. 1405 View in Reaxys Zvorkykina, G. I.; Ponomareva, I. N.; Tr. po Khim. i Khim. Tekhnol.; vol. 4; (1961); p. 927 - 928; C.A.; vol. 58; (1963); p. 7597 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.1, page 146 - 147 View in Reaxys Fait, W. L.; Keyes, D. B.; Clark, R. L.; Industrial Chemicals, 3. Aufl., New York-London-Sydney 1965, S. 642/6 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With water in not given, byproducts: KOH, MnO2; in neutral or acidic soln. vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.1, page 146 - 147 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With hydrogenchloride in not given, in dild. HCl soln.; MnO2 containing water also formed vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.1, page 146 - 147 View in Reaxys Bjork, C. K.; Diss. Univ. of Kentucky 1953, S. 1/80; Diss. Abstr.; vol. 18; (1958); p. 383/4 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With potassium hydroxide, water, potassium carbonate in water, byproducts: KOH; Electrolysis; dissolving manganate melt in 2 n KOH-K2CO3 soln., filtering, anodic oxidation, cooling, sepn. of KMnO4 crystals, pptg. of silicate and aluminate from filtrate by lime addn., filtering, evapn. vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149

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View in Reaxys Mueller, W.; in: K. Winnacker, E. Weingaertner, Bd. 2, 1950, S. 510/3 View in Reaxys Schaufler, G.; in: Ullmann (Foerst), 3. Aufl., Bd. 12, 1960, S. 232/4 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With potassium hydroxide in water, Electrolysis; suspending manganate melt in 5-30 min in alkaline soln., oxidn. for 10-40 h, 30-60°C, anodic current density 100-150 A/dm2 vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 View in Reaxys Patent; anonymous; VEB Elektrochemisches Kombinat Bitterfeld; FR1450323; (1966); C.A.; vol. 66; (1967); p.

91224 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With H2O in not given, byproducts: KOH, MnO2; in neutral or acidic soln.

Sackur, O.; Taegener, W.; Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie; vol. 18; (1912); p. 718 - 724 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With H2O in water Agladze, R. I.; Petriashvilli, L. D.; Elektrokhim. Margantsa Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 4; (1969); p. 46 - 51; C.A.; vol. 73; (1970); p. 126458 View in Reaxys Agladze, R. I.; Petriashvilli, L. D.; Soobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 39; (1965); p. 93 - 100; C.A.; vol. 64; (1966); p. 294 View in Reaxys Gindis, A. P.; Khim. Prom. Ukr.; (1967); p. 18 - 20; C.A.; vol. 66; (1967); p. 91165 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys 2 O

–O

K+

O (v7)

K+ O Mn O–

Mn

O–

O

Rx-ID: 26061140 View in Reaxys 2/32 Yield 80 %

Conditions & References in not given, Electrochem. Process; in 6-7 n soln., Ni wire as cathode, at lower temp., current density 14 A/dm2, anode potential 2.45 V Roudnick, J.; Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges; vol. 38; (1929); p. 147 - 159 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys in not given, Electrochem. Process; 99.9 percent pure Mn used as anode vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys in not given, byproducts: permanganate; Electrochem. Process; in 6-8 n soln., at deep temp. vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys in not given, Electrochem. Process; 99.9 percent pure Mn used as anode Agladze, R. I.; Domanskaya, G. M.; Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation); vol. 24; (1951); p. 897 - 907; Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation); vol. 24; (1951); p. 787 - 797 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys in not given, byproducts: permanganate; Electrochem. Process; in 6-8 n soln., at deep temp.

Grube, G.; Metzger, H.; Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie; vol. 29; (1923); p. 100 - 105 View in Reaxys

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Grube, G.; Metzger, H.; Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie; vol. 29; (1923); p. 17 - 30 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys 2 O

–O

O

K+

(v7)

K+ O Mn O– O–

O

Rx-ID: 26060718 View in Reaxys 3/32 Yield

Conditions & References With silicomanganese in not given, byproducts: SiO2; Electrolysis; 125 g/l K2CO3 soln., current density 15 A/dm2, 25-30°C Lukyanov, P. M.; Bakhchisaraits'yan, N. G.; Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation); vol.

12; (1939); p. 333 - 345; C.A.; (1939); p. 6723 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With ferromanganese in not given, Electrolysis; Ni-, Cu-, Fe-wire or tube used as cathode, 70-80 percent ferromanganese and alkaline electrolyte used, with diaphragm vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With ferromanganese in not given, Electrolysis; ferromanganese with low Fe-content used vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With silicomanganese in not given, Electrolysis; composition of anode : 71.2 percent Mn, 20.8 percent Si, 4 percent Fe, 0.19 percent P Agladze, R. I.; Pichkhaya, L. I.; Elektrokhim. Margentsa Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 2; (1963); p. 7 - 20; C.A.; vol.

64; (1966); p. 3029 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With ferromanganese in not given, Electrolysis; Ni-, Cu-, Fe-wire or tube used as cathode, 70-80 percent ferromanganese and alkaline electrolyte used, with diaphragm Lorenz, R.; Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie; vol. 12; (1896); p. 393 - 395 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With ferromanganese Mudzhiri, Ya. N.; Issled. v Oblasti Elektrokhim. i Radiats. Khim. Akad. Nauk Gr.; (1965); p. 128 - 132; C.A.; vol. 64; (1966); p. 15385 View in Reaxys Mudzhiri, Ya. N.; Agladze, R. I.; Elektrokhim. Margantsa Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 2; (1963); p. 21 - 38; C.A.; vol. 64; (1966); p. 3029 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys O (v7)

HKO

K+ O Mn O– O

Rx-ID: 26152430 View in Reaxys 4/32 Yield

Conditions & References With silicomanganese in not given, Electrolysis Gerhard, L.; Ann. Univ. Saraviensis Sci.; vol. 4; (1955); p. 37 - 57 View in Reaxys Gerhard, L.; Chimie et Industrie (Paris); vol. 76; (1956); p. 1081 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin)

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View in Reaxys With ferromanganese in water, Electrolysis; in 20 percent aq. KOH, current density 40 A/dm2, at 16-18°C; composition of anode: 77.18 percent Mn, 14.57 percent Fe, 6.7 percent C Berikashvili, I. G.; Tr. Inst. Prikl. Khim. i Elektrokhim. Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 1; (1960); p. 63 - 70; C.A.; vol. 56; (1962); p. 1288 View in Reaxys Agladze, R. I.; Berikashvili, I. G.; Soobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 15; (1954); p. 335 - 342; C.A.; (1956); p.

3121 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With ferromanganese in not given, Electrolysis; Ni-, Cu-, Fe-wire or tube used as cathode, 70-80 percent ferromanganese and alkaline electrolyte used, with diaphragm vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With silicomanganese in not given, Electrolysis; 200-250 g/l KOH soln., current density 25-30 A/dm2, 20-25°C, composition of anode : 71.2 percent Mn, 20.8 percent Si, 4 percent Fe, 0.19 percent P; K2MnO4 also forms at higher conc. of KOH Agladze, R. I.; Pichkhaya, L. I.; Elektrokhim. Margentsa Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 2; (1963); p. 7 - 20; C.A.; vol.

64; (1966); p. 3029 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With ferromanganese in not given, Electrolysis; Ni-, Cu-, Fe-wire or tube used as cathode, 70-80 percent ferromanganese and alkaline electrolyte used, with diaphragm Lorenz, R.; Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie; vol. 12; (1896); p. 393 - 395 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys O (v7)

Mn

HKO

K+ O Mn O–

2

O K+ –O Mn

O–

(v6)

O

O

Rx-ID: 26428304 View in Reaxys 5/32 Yield

Conditions & References in not given, Electrolysis; Ni cathode, without diaphragm, satd. electrolyte or satd. KOH soln. used, anodic current density 15-20 A/dm2, 15-20°C Agladze, R. I.; Domanskaya, G. M.; Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation); vol. 24; (1951); p. 897 - 907; Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation); vol. 24; (1951); p. 787 - 797 View in Reaxys Agladze, R. I.; Domanskaya, G. M.; Soobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 18; (1957); p. 695 - 702; C.A.; (1958); p.

10759 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With K2CO3 in not given, Electrolysis; in presence of K2CO3 Agladze, R. I.; Domanskaya, G. M.; Soobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 19; (1957); p. 285 - 291; C.A.; (1958); p.

18022 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys Agladze, R. I.; Tr. Inst. Met i Gorn. Dela Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 2; (1949); p. 1 - 33; C.A.; (1956); p. 2323 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.3.3.1.2, page 127 - 128 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With K2CO3 vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.3.3.1.2, page 127 - 128 ; (from Gmelin)

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View in Reaxys

–O

2

MnO 2

K+

O

O Se

O

O O O

(v7)

O Se

K+ O Mn O–

O–

O

Rx-ID: 26443378 View in Reaxys 6/32 Yield

Conditions & References in water Dennis, B. M.; Brown, O. W.; Journal of the American Chemical Society; vol. 23; (1901); p. 358 View in Reaxys vol. Se: MVol.B; 49, page 108 - 111 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys O (v7)

K+ O Mn O–

K+ 17 17 O– O Mn 17O (v7)17O

H 17 O 2

O

Rx-ID: 27003580 View in Reaxys 7/32 Yield

Conditions & References in neat (no solvent), heating solid KMnO4 with H2(17)O in sealed tube at 80°C for 7 days; removal of H2O, crystn.

Schramm; Oldfield; Journal of the American Chemical Society; vol. 106; nb. 9; (1984); p. 2502 - 2506 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys K+

O (v7)

K+ O Mn O–

H 18 O 2

18O–

(v7) Mn 18O 18 18O O

O

Rx-ID: 27572812 View in Reaxys 8/32 Yield

Conditions & References in neat (no solvent), refluxing KMnO4 in H2(18)O Lam, William W. Y.; Man, Wai-Lun; Leung, Chi-Fai; Wong, Chun-Yuen; Lau, Tai-Chu; Journal of the American Chemical Society; vol. 129; nb. 44; (2007); p. 13646 - 13652 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys O (v7)

K+ O Mn O–

Mn

O

Rx-ID: 26117544 View in Reaxys 9/32 Yield

Conditions & References With water, hydroxide in water, byproducts: H2; Electrochem. Process; in alkaline soln., Mn anode, copper oxide plates used as cathode, 1.5-2 V vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With OH(1-), H2O in water, byproducts: H2; Electrochem. Process; in alkaline soln., Mn anode, copper oxide plates used as cathode, 1.5-2 V Lorenz, R.; Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie; vol. 12; (1896); p. 393 - 395 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

2

O K+ –O Mn

O

O–

(v6)

O

(v7)

MnO 2

K+ O Mn O– O

Rx-ID: 26177579 View in Reaxys 10/32 Yield

Conditions & References With ammonium nitrate in ammonia, byproducts: KNO3, H2O, NH3; at -73°C Inoue, T.; Takamato, S.; Kurokawa, S.; Nippon Kagaku Zasshi; vol. 78; (1957); p. 274 - 276; C.A.; (1958); p. 6998 View in Reaxys

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vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.1, page 146 - 147 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With ammonium nitrate in ammonia, byproducts: KNO3, H2O, NH3 Inoue, T.; Takamato, S.; Kurokawa, S.; Nippon Kagaku Zasshi; vol. 78; (1957); p. 274 - 276; C.A.; (1958); p. 6998 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With NH4NO3 in ammonia, byproducts: KNO3, H2O, NH3; NH3 (liquid) vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.3.3.6, page 132 - 134 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys 2 O

–O

O

K+

(v7)

K+ O Mn O–

HKO

O–

O

Rx-ID: 26061286 View in Reaxys 11/32 Yield

Conditions & References With ferromanganese in not given, Electrolysis; Ni-, Cu-, Fe-wire or tube used as cathode, 70-80 percent ferromanganese and alkaline electrolyte used, with diaphragm vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys With ferromanganese in not given, Electrolysis; Ni-, Cu-, Fe-wire or tube used as cathode, 70-80 percent ferromanganese and alkaline electrolyte used, with diaphragm Lorenz, R.; Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie; vol. 12; (1896); p. 393 - 395 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

O

O

OH K+

(v7)

K+ O Mn O–

O–

O

Rx-ID: 26153653 View in Reaxys 12/32 Yield

Conditions & References With silicomanganese in not given, Electrolysis; composition of anode : 71.2 percent Mn, 20.8 percent Si, 4 percent Fe, 0.19 percent P Agladze, R. I.; Pichkhaya, L. I.; Elektrokhim. Margentsa Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 2; (1963); p. 7 - 20; C.A.; vol.

64; (1966); p. 3029 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys O (v7)

K2O3Si

K+ O Mn O– O

Rx-ID: 26176165 View in Reaxys 13/32 Yield

Conditions & References With silicomanganese in not given, Electrolysis; composition of anode : 71.2 percent Mn, 20.8 percent Si, 4 percent Fe, 0.19 percent P, 400 g/l K2SiO3 soln.

Agladze, R. I.; Pichkhaya, L. I.; Elektrokhim. Margentsa Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 2; (1963); p. 7 - 20; C.A.; vol.

64; (1966); p. 3029 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

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2 O

–O

O

K+

(v7)

O K+ –O Mn

2

K+ O Mn O–

O–

(v6)

O–

O

O

Rx-ID: 26060717 View in Reaxys 14/32 Yield

Conditions & References With silicomanganese in not given, byproducts: SiO2; Electrolysis; 125 g/l K2CO3 soln., current density 15 A/dm2, 25-30°C, without diaphragm Lukyanov, P. M.; Bakhchisaraits'yan, N. G.; Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation); vol.

12; (1939); p. 333 - 345; C.A.; (1939); p. 6723 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

2

O K+ –O Mn

O (v7)

(v4)

O–

K+ O Mn O–

O

(v6)

O

O

O

O

Rx-ID: 26070052 View in Reaxys 15/32 Yield

Conditions & References

>99

With water in water, byproducts: KOH, O2; introduction of ozone containing air into alkaline manganate soln. vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.2, page 147 - 147 View in Reaxys Patent; anonymous; Farbenfabriken vorm. F. Bayer & Co.; DE118232; (1901) ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys O (v7)

Mn

K+ O Mn O–

HKO

O

Rx-ID: 26118963 View in Reaxys 16/32 Yield

Conditions & References in not given, byproducts: permanganate; Electrochem. Process; in 6-8 n soln., at deep temp. vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys in not given, Electrochem. Process; 99.9 percent pure Mn used as anode, in dild. soln. of KOH, K2MnO4 is formed in concd. soln. of KOH vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys in not given, Electrochem. Process; 99.9 percent pure Mn used as anode, in dild. soln. of KOH, K2MnO4 is formed in concd. soln. of KOH Agladze, R. I.; Domanskaya, G. M.; Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation); vol. 24; (1951); p. 897 - 907; Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation); vol. 24; (1951); p. 787 - 797 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys in not given, byproducts: permanganate; Electrochem. Process; in 6-8 n soln., at deep temp.

Grube, G.; Metzger, H.; Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie; vol. 29; (1923); p. 100 - 105 View in Reaxys Grube, G.; Metzger, H.; Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie; vol. 29; (1923); p. 17 - 30 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys O (v7)

HKO

K+ O Mn O–

2

O K+ –O Mn

O–

(v6)

O

O

Rx-ID: 26152427 View in Reaxys 17/32

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Yield

Conditions & References With silicomanganese in not given, Electrolysis Rapin, G.; Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences; vol. 187; (1928); p. 112 - 114 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

2

O K+ –O Mn

O (v7)

O–

MnO 2

(v6)

2 O

–O

K+

K+ O Mn O– O–

O

O

Rx-ID: 26177578 View in Reaxys 18/32 Yield

Conditions & References With potassium hydroxide, water, potassium carbonate in water, byproducts: KOH, H2; Electrolysis; in 2 n KOH-K2CO3 soln., cooling, treating with CO2 in carbonisator, sepn. of KMnO4 crystals, evapn. vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.1.3, page 147 - 149 View in Reaxys Mueller, W.; in: K. Winnacker, E. Weingaertner, Bd. 2, 1950, S. 510/3 View in Reaxys Schaufler, G.; in: Ullmann (Foerst), 3. Aufl., Bd. 12, 1960, S. 232/4 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

O

O (v7)

(v7)

Na +

O Mn O

ClK

O–

K+ O Mn O– O

Rx-ID: 26099240 View in Reaxys 19/32 Yield

Conditions & References in not given, first treating of NaMnO4 soln. with chlorine or air then pptg. with KCl Lowy, A.; Journal of the Electrochemical Society; vol. 80; (1941); p. 63 - 70 View in Reaxys Stringfield, R. B.; Chem. Metall. Eng.; vol. 22; (1920); p. 1027 - 1030 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1, page 146 - 146 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

2

O K+ –O Mn

O (v7)

O–

HO( 1-)

(v6)

K+ O Mn O– O

O

Rx-ID: 26517012 View in Reaxys 20/32 Yield

Conditions & References in water, Kinetics, K2MnO4 was reacted with aq. OH(1-) at 0; 25 and 45°C; reaction was study at 45°C with varied pressure (0-180 MPa) Spiccia, Leone; Swaddle, Thomas W.; Inorganic Chemistry; vol. 26; (1987); p. 2265 - 2271 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

OH

3.75

K+

N

O (v7)

N

K+ O Mn O–

OH

O

O– (v7)

O

Mn OO

Rx-ID: 27650014 View in Reaxys 21/32 Yield

Conditions & References in solid, Kinetics, non-isothermal decompn.; TG Sawhney, S. S.; Bansal, A. K.; Dangwal, D. N.; Thermochimica Acta; vol. 59; (1982); p. 243 - 246 ; (from Gmelin)

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View in Reaxys 2 O

–O

O

K+

(v7)

Mn

K+ O Mn O–

HKO

O–

O

Rx-ID: 26061144 View in Reaxys 22/32 Yield

Conditions & References in not given, Electrolysis vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1.2, page 149 - 151 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys in not given, Electrolysis Agladze, R. I.; Domanskaya, G. M.; Soobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruz.SSR; vol. 19; (1957); p. 285 - 291; C.A.; (1958); p.

18022 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys 2 O

–O

K+

O

(v7)

O

O

(v7)

K+ O Mn O–

Mn O–

HO

O

O

Rx-ID: 26061398 View in Reaxys 23/32 Yield

Conditions & References in not given Putnoky, L. v.; Chem. Rundschau Mitteleuropa Balkan; vol. 8; (1931); p. 43 - 45 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.5.3.1, page 146 - 146 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys -1

O

O

(v1)

O

(v7)

O

Mn

K+ O Mn O–

Mn O (v6) O–

(v7)

–

O

O

Mn OO

Rx-ID: 26117535 View in Reaxys 24/32 Yield

Conditions & References in further solvent(s), Electrolysis; in 46percent NaOH Agladze, R. I.; Domanskaya, G. M.; Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation); vol. 24; (1951); p. 897 - 907; Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation); vol. 24; (1951); p. 787 - 797 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.B; 11.6.5.6, page 288 - 289 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys O– O

O 2

+ –

K

O Mn

O

–

K+

O

(v7) Mn O–

(v6)

O

O

3 K+

(v7)

Mn O OO

O– (v6)

–O Mn OO

Rx-ID: 26653584 View in Reaxys 25/32 Yield

Conditions & References Boldyrev, V. V.; Vinokurova, Z. G.; Senchenko, L. N.; Shchetinina, G. P.; Erenburg, B. G.; Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii; vol. 15; (1970); p. 1341 - 1342; Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii; vol. 15; (1970); p. 2585 - 2586 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys Erenburg, B. G.; Boldyrev, V. V.; Anikina, L. D.; Mikhailov, Yu. I.; Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii; vol. 9; (1968); p. 461 - 463; Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii; vol. 9; (1968); p. 536 - 537 View in Reaxys Erenburg, B. G.; Senchenko, L. N.; Boldyrev, V. V.; Malysh, A. V.; Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii; vol. 17; (1972); p. 1121 - 1123; Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii; vol. 17; (1972); p. 2154 - 2158 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.1.4, page 135 - 136 ; (from Gmelin)

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View in Reaxys -1

O K+

MnO 2

Mn

O

(v1)

O

O

(v7) Mn O–

O

O

(v7)

O

Mn

(v7)

Mn OO

HO

O

Rx-ID: 26117531 View in Reaxys 26/32 Yield

Conditions & References in further solvent(s), byproducts: O2, CO2; Electrolysis; in 4n K2CO3 soln., current density 0.1 A/cm2 Grube, G.; Metzger, H.; Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie; vol. 29; (1923); p. 100 - 105 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.B; 11.6.8, page 291 - 293 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

O– 2

K+

O

O

S O

O

O

O

O–

O (v7)

S

K+ O Mn O–

MnO 2

MnO

O

–O

O

S HO

K+ O

Rx-ID: 26364140 View in Reaxys 27/32 Yield

Conditions & References in water, pH above 7-8; different yields depending on temp. and pH Thiesse, X.; Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France; vol. 7; (1940); p. 495 - 527 View in Reaxys vol. S: MVol.B2; 6, page 808 - 852 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

2

O K+ –O Mn

O H

O–

H O

(v6)

(v7)

MnO 2

K+ O Mn O–

HKO

O

O

Rx-ID: 26378282 View in Reaxys 28/32 Yield

Conditions & References in potassium hydroxide, Kinetics, from 50 to 95°C at various alkali concentrations Nidamarti, M. R.; Gurinov, Yu. S.; Kharitonov, Yu. Ya.; Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry (Translation of Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii); vol. 27; (1982); p. 1133 - 1135; Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii; vol. 27; (1982); p.

2008 - 2010 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

O

O

O Cl

MnO 2

K+

O–

(v7)

K+ O Mn O– O

Rx-ID: 26443448 View in Reaxys 29/32 Yield

Conditions & References Dhar, N. R.; Journal of Physical Chemistry; vol. 28; (1924); p. 953 - 954 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys vol. K: MVol.2; 3.5.4, page 486 - 491 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

O

MnO 2

O

O Cl O–

K+

O– (v7)

K+ O Mn O– O

2

(v7)Mn2+

Mn O OO

Rx-ID: 26443447 View in Reaxys 30/32 Yield

Conditions & References Roginski, S.; Schulz, E.; Naukovi Zapiski Katerinoslavskoi Katedri Chem.; (1926); p. 189 - 204 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys vol. K: MVol.2; 3.5.4, page 486 - 491 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys

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Ba2+

O–

O

O

(v7)

2 –O Mn(v7)O

BrK

K+ O Mn O– O

O

(v6)

Ba2+ O Mn

O–

O

Rx-ID: 26395364 View in Reaxys 31/32 Yield

Conditions & References byproducts: BaBr2 Baran; Aymonino; Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy; vol. 24; nb. 3; (1968); p. 291 - 295 View in Reaxys vol. Mn: MVol.C2; 2.11.3.12.6.4, page 276 - 276 ; (from Gmelin) View in Reaxys O (v7)

K+ O Mn O– O

Rx-ID: 24012633 View in Reaxys 32/32 Yield 76%

Conditions & References 7 : Oxidation with Potassium Permanganate in Aqueous Solution Using A Phase-Transfer Catalyst Example 7 Oxidation with Potassium Permanganate in Aqueous Solution Using A Phase-Transfer Catalyst At room temperature, 1.0 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 0.2 g of benzyltributylammonium chloride and 1.13 g of 4'-trifluoromethyl-2-methylbiphenyl were added to 75 ml of a 2percent by weight strength aqueous potassium permanganate solution.

The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1.5 hours, after which 4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid was obtainable in a yield of 76percent by filtering off the precipitated manganese dioxide, acidification and filtering off the precipitated product.

Patent; Meudt, Andreas; Scherer, Stefan; Norenberg, Antje; Koch, Peter; Haber, Steffen; US2001/34459; (2001); (A1) English View in Reaxys

21%

6 : Oxidation with Potassium Permanganate in Aqueous Solution Example 6 Oxidation with Potassium Permanganate in Aqueous Solution At room temperature, 1.0 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 1.13 g of 4'-trifluoromethyl-2-methylbiphenyl were added to 75 ml of a 2percent by weight strength aqueous potassium permanganate solution.

The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1.5 hours, and 4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid was obtainable in a yield of 21percent by filtering off the precipitated manganese dioxide, acidification and filtering off the precipitated product.

Patent; Meudt, Andreas; Scherer, Stefan; Norenberg, Antje; Koch, Peter; Haber, Steffen; US2001/34459; (2001); (A1) English View in Reaxys 14 : Oxidation of (-)-ethyl 2-methyl-4-(2-benzylthiophenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,7-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxylate with KMnO4 EXAMPLE 14 Oxidation of (-)-ethyl 2-methyl-4-(2-benzylthiophenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,7-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxylate with KMnO4 40 mg (0.095 mmol) of (-)-ethyl 2-methyl-4-(2-benzylthiophenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,7-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxylate, 16 mg of KMnO4 and 35 mg of montmorillonite KSF are taken up in 0.8 ml of CH2 Cl2 and 0.5 ml of water (version 1) or in 3 ml of benzene (version 2).

In the first case, the reaction is completed after sonicating for 2 hours with ultrasound, in the second case, sonication is carried out for 1.5 h, 37 mg of KMnO4 and 74 mg of montmorillonite KSF are further added and the mixture is sonicated for a further 3 h.

For work-up, the organic phases are separated off and chromatographed on silica gel.

Patent; Bayer Aktiengesellschaft; US5708177; (1998); (A1) English View in Reaxys C : EXAMPLE

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The permanganate is added through a rotary valve over a period of five hours at such a rate that constant controlled reflux is maintained.

When the addition of potassium permanganate is completed, no more heat of reaction is observed.

The reactor is vented and the batch transferred to a 6,000 gallon steel rubber-lined after-oxidation reactor.

The warm reaction mixure is then pumped to a centrifuge where the aqueous solution is separated from the MnO2 resulting from the reduction of KMnO4. Yield: 2,650 pounds MnO2 (100percent) or 5,300 pounds of wet cake.

Patent; Bayer Aktiengesellschaft; US4052460; (1977); (A1) English View in Reaxys

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