Monitoraggio di un nido di tartaruga marina Caretta caretta a Marina di Campo (Isola d'Elba - LI)

Resoconto delle attivitĂ di monitoraggio del nido di tartaruga marina Caretta caretta, Marina di Campo (Isola d'Elba) giugno-agosto 2017 Settore Mare

Livorno, agosto 2017

Resoconto delle attività di monitoraggio del nido di tartaruga marina Caretta caretta, Marina di Campo (Isola d’Elba) giugno-agosto 2017

INSIEME PER UN FUTURO SOSTENIBILE

5HVRFRQWR GHOOH DWWLYLW¢ GL PRQLWRUDJJLR GHO QLGR GL WDUWDUXJD PDULQD &DUHWWD FDUHWWD 0DULQD GL &DPSR ,VROD Gߤ(OED JLXJQR DJRVWR

$ FXUD GL 5RPDQR %DLQR $53$7 ߞ $UHD 9DVWD &RVWD 6HWWRUH 0DUH 8 2 5,%0 $XWRUH &HFLOLD 0DQFXVL $53$7 ߞ $UHD 9DVWD &RVWD 6HWWRUH 0DUH 8 2 5,%0 &ROODERUDWRUL 6HUJLR 9HQWUHOOD ߞ 5HJLRQH 7RVFDQD 27% *LXOLDQD 7HUUDFFLDQR ߞ ,=6/7 VH] GL 3LVD /HWL]LD 0DUVLOL 0DWWHR %DLQL ߞ 8QLYHUVLW¢ GL 6LHQD

© $53$7

,QGLFH JHQHUDOH Introduzione...................................................................................................3 Un fatto unico e straordinario nel Mediterraneo.........................................4 /D QLGLILFD]LRQH DYYHQXWD DOO (OED

L’emersione...................................................................................................5 DJRVWR DJRVWR DJRVWR DJRVWR DJRVWR

Apertura del nido-19 agosto 2017................................................................7 Risultati.........................................................................................................8 Bibliografia.................................................................................................12

,QWURGX]LRQH 1HOOD QRWWH GHO JLXJQR WUD JOL RPEUHOORQL GHL %DJQL GD 6HUJLR H 3DJOLFFH %HDFK D 0DULQD GL &DPSR FRPXQH GL &DPSR QHOOߤ(OED ,VROD Gߤ(OED /, )LJ ª VWDWD VHJQDODWD OD SUHVHQ]D GL XQ JURVVR HVHPSODUH GL &DUHWWD FDUHWWD LQWHQWD D VFDYDUH XQD EXFD QHOO DUHQLOH D FLUFD P GDOOD EDWWLJLD

)LJXUD ߞ /RFDOL]]D]LRQH GHOOH QLGLILFD]LRQL LQ 7RVFDQD FRQ LO SDUWLFRODUH GL TXHOOD GHOOߤ,VROD Gߤ(OED GHO

/D VRUSUHVD ª VWDWD LPPHQVD H LO WLWRODUH GHOOH VWUXWWXUH KD SURQWDPHQWH DYYLVDWR OR VWDII GHOO $FTXDULR GHOO (OED FKH KD DOOHUWDWR OD UHWH WRVFDQD GL UHFXSHUR FHWDFHL H WDUWDUXJKH FKH ID FDSR DOO 2VVHUYDWRULR 7RVFDQR SHU OD %LRGLYHUVLW¢ 27% GHOOD 5HJLRQH 7RVFDQD GL FXL IDQQR SDUWH DQFKH $53$7 8QLYHUVLW¢ GL 6LHQD H ,VWLWXWR =RRSURILODWWLFR 6SHULPHQWDOH /D]LR 7RVFDQD ,=6 /7

'RSR DYHU DWWXDWR OH SURFHGXUH GL VLFXUH]]D SUHYLVWH GDOOH /LQHH *XLGD 0LQLVWHULDOL ,635$

VL ª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ª VXELWR UHVD GLVSRQLELOH SHU OD VRUYHJOLDQ]D QRWWXUQD GHO VLWR

)LJXUD ߞ /ߤDUHD GHOOD QLGLILFD]LRQH PHVVD LQ VLFXUH]]D D GHVWUD HG LO SULPR XRYR SRUWDWR DOOD OXFH GDO SLFFROR VFDYR D VLQLVWUD LPPHGLDWDPHQWH ULFRSHUWR

8Q IDWWR XQLFR H VWUDRUGLQDULR QHO 0HGLWHUUDQHR /D QLGLILFD]LRQH GL TXHVWD VSHFLH GL WDUWDUXJD PDULQD VXOOD FRVWD VXG GHOO ,VROD G (OED ª XQ HYHQWR VWUDRUGLQDULR HVVHQGR XQR GHL VLWL SL» VHWWHQWULRQDOL SHU Oߤ,WDOLD H SHU O LQWHUR EDFLQR PHGLWHUUDQHR HG HVVHQGR VWDWR SRVVLELOH SHU OD SULPD YROWD QHOOD QRVWUD UHJLRQH GRFXPHQWDUH TXHVWR HYHQWR ILQ GDOOߤLQL]LR ,QIDWWL TXHVWD VSHFLH QRUPDOPHQWH GHSRQH OH XRYD QHOOH VSLDJJH GHO EDFLQR GHO 0HGLWHUUDQHR FHQWURRULHQWDOH SULQFLSDOPHQWH OXQJR OH FRVWH GHOOD *UHFLD GHOOD 7XUFKLD H GL &LSUR PD DQFKH LQ /LELD 7XQLVLD (JLWWR ,VUDHOH 6LULD H /LEDQR /XQJR OH FRVWH LWDOLDQH VL VRQR DYXWH VHJQDOD]LRQL GL DOWUL QLGL VRSUDWWXWWR LQ &DODEULD H 6LFLOLD ROWUH FKH LQ /D]LR H &DPSDQLD H SL» UDUDPHQWH LQ $EUX]]R H 3XJOLD IRUVH OH SDUWLFRODUL FRQGL]LRQL FOLPDWLFKH KDQQR VSLQWR TXHVWR HVHPSODUH LQ XQR GHL SXQWL GL QLGLILFD]LRQH SL» D QRUG GHO 7LUUHQR /D QLGLILFD]LRQH DYYHQXWD DOO (OED /D 7RVFDQD GD DOFXQL DQQL ª LQWHUHVVDWD GD TXHVWL HYHQWL GRSR OD QLGLILFD]LRQH D 6FDUOLQR QHO WUD H VHWWHPEUH VXO 7RPEROR GHOOD *LDQQHOOD 2UEHWHOOR KDQQR YLVWR OD OXFH SLFFROH WDUWDUXJKH PHQWUH QHO VL ª UHJLVWUDWR XQ WHQWDWLYR GL QLGLILFD]LRQH IDOOLWR VXOOD VSLDJJLD GL &DSDOELR 3HU LO TXDUWR DQQR TXLQGL HVHPSODUL GL & FDUHWWD KDQQR GHFLVR GL QLGLILFDUH LQ 7RVFDQD QHOOD SDUWH PHULGLRQDOH GHO 6DQWXDULR GHL FHWDFHL FRQ JUDQGH VRGGLVID]LRQH H VRUSUHVD SHU WXWWL /D UHWH UHJLRQDOH WRVFDQD KD DYYLDWR LO PRQLWRUDJJLR GHOOH DUHH D SRVVLELOH QLGLILFD]LRQH FRQ LO FRQWULEXWR GHOOH DVVRFLD]LRQL DPELHQWDOLVWH GHOO (QWH SDUFR GHOOD 0DUHPPD GL $53$7 GHOOD 'LUH]LRQH 0DULWWLPD GHOO ,=6/7 H GHOOH 8QLYHUVLW¢ WRVFDQH FRV® FRPH WXWWL JOL LQWHUYHQWL VXJOL VSLDJJLDPHQWL FRRUGLQDWL GDO 6HWWRUH 7XWHOD GHOOD 1DWXUD H GHO 0DUH GHOOD 5HJLRQH 7RVFDQD 1HO 0HGLWHUUDQHR O LQFXED]LRQH GL XRYD GL WDUWDUXJD PDULQD GHOOD VSHFLH & FDUHWWD YDULD PHGLDPHQWH WUD H JLRUQL FRQ XQD PHGLD GL JLRUQL 0DUTXH] /XW] H 0XVLFN

/D 5HJLRQH 7RVFDQD FRQ LO VXR 2VVHUYDWRULR SHU OD %LRGLYHUVLW¢ KD GDWR DYYLR DO SUHVLGLR GHO QLGR FKH JUD]LH DL YRORQWDUL RUJDQL]]DWL GD /HJDPELHQWH $UFLSHODJR H DO VXSSRUWR LPSRUWDQWLVVLPR GL WXWWR OR VWDII GHO EDJQR ߧGD 6HUJLRߨ ª VWDWR PRQLWRUDWR K D SDUWLUH GDL SULPL JLRUQL GL DJRVWR $ TXHVWR VFRSR LO QLGR ª VWDWR FLUFRQGDWR H SURWHWWR GD XQD UHWH RVFXUDQWH FRQ OD TXDOH VL ª GHOLPLWDWR DQFKH XQ FRUULGRLR ILQR DO PDUH FKH KD FRQVHQWLWR OߤHQWUDWD LQ DFTXD DL QXRYL QDWL LQ WXWWD WUDQTXLOOLW¢ H VLFXUH]]D )LJ

PDUH )LJXUD ßž /D UHFLQ]LRQH GHO SXQWR GL QLGLILFD]LRQH

/ߤHPHUVLRQH /ߤ DJRVWR QHO WDUGR SRPHULJJLR VL ª IRUPDWR LO WLSLFR DYYDOODPHQWR GHOOD VDEELD LQ FRUULVSRQGHQ]D GHOOD FDPHUD GL LQFXED]LRQH GHOOH XRYD H OD QRWWH VXFFHVVLYD LO DJRVWR rJLRUQR GL LQFXED]LRQH L SULPL SLFFROL GL WDUWDUXJD VRQR HPHUVL GDOOD VDEELD /ߤHPHUVLRQH GHL SLFFROL VL ª SURWUDWWD SHU EHQ VHUH VXFFHVVLYH VHPSUH LQWRUQR DOOR VWHVVR RUDULR VHUDOH WUD OH H OH

FRPH YLHQH GHVFULWWR GL VHJXLWR DJRVWR /D SULPD HPHUVLRQH GHL SLFFROL ª LQL]LDWD DOOH RUH TXDQGR OD WHVWD GHO SULPR WDUWDUXJKLQR ª VSXQWDWD GDOOD VDEELD SURSULR DO FHQWUR GHOOߤDYYDOODPHQWR 6XELWR GRSR VH QH VRQR RVVHUYDWH GXH SRL WUH SRL TXDWWUR HG LQ XQ DWWLPR DOOH RUH VH QH FRQWDYDQR JL¢ FKH XVFLYDQR WXWWH LQVLHPH GDOOD VDEELD ,Q SRFR SL» GL XQ PLQXWR L QXRYL QDWL VRQR GLYHQWDWL SRL H WXWWL LQVLHPH LQ PDQLHUD PROWR HQHUJLFD H YLWDOH KDQQR FRPSLXWR LO WUDWWR FKH OL VHSDUDYD GDO PDUH H VRQR VSDULWL DOOD YLVWD /XQJR LO SHUFRUVR GHO FRUULGRLR QLGR PDUH ª VWDWD VWHVD XQD ELQGHOOD PHWULFD HG ª VWDWR TXLQGL SRVVLELOH VWLPDUH OD GLPHQVLRQH GL DOFXQH SLFFROH WDUWDUXJKH FKH SDVVDYDQR VRSUD R LQ SURVVLPLW¢ GHO PHWUR 7DE 'DOOD SULPD HPHUVLRQH DOOߤXOWLPD WDUWDUXJKLQD HQWUDWD LQ DFTXD HUD SDVVDWR SRFR SL» GL XQ TXDUWR GߤRUD RUH HG DOOD ILQH HUDQR VWDWL FRQWDWL HVHPSODUL DJRVWR /D VHFRQGD QRWWH ª VWDWD FDUDWWHUL]]DWD GD GXH HPHUVLRQL GL ߧPDVVDߨ VXFFHVVLYH XQD LQWRUQR DOOH WDUWDUXJKH HG XQD LQWRUQR DOOD PH]]DQRWWH WDUWDUXJKH /ߤHYHQWR ª LQL]LDWR DOOH H VL ª FRQFOXVR DOOH FRQ XQ WRWDOH GL SLFFROL HPHUVL $ FDXVD GHO YHQWR H GHOOH FRUUHQWL DOFXQL SLFFROL XQD YROWD UDJJLXQWR LO PDUH VRQR VWDWL VSLQWL YHUVR OD SDUWH SL» RFFLGHQWDOH GHO JROIR GL 0DULQD GL &DPSR HG DWWUDWWL YHUVR WHUUD GDOOH OXFL GHO SDHVH H GHO SRUWLFFLROR TXHVWH WDUWDUXJKLQH VRQR VWDWH WHPSHVWLYDPHQWH UDFFROWH HG DFFRPSDJQDWH ROWUH OD GLJD GHO SRUWR PHGLDQWH OߤXVR GL XQ JRPPRQH DJRVWR /D PDWWLQD GHO DJRVWR XQD SLFFROD WDUWDUXJD ª VWDWD WURYDWD PRUWD VXOOD VSLDJJLD FRQ HYLGHQWL VHJQL GL SUHGD]LRQH IRUVH D FDULFR GL XQ SHVFH SUHGDWRUH XQD SLQQD DQWHULRUH HUD TXDVL FRPSOHWDPHQWH DVSRUWDWD H VL QRWDYD XQ VHJQR SLXWWRVWR FLUFRODUH FRPH GL XQ PRUVR

,Q VHUDWD SRL D SDUWLUH GDOOH SULPD HPHUVLRQH QXRYH WDUWDUXJKH FRQ GLPHQVLRQL VWLPDWH GD WUD H FP VRQR HPHUVH GDOOD VDEELD HG DOOH HUDQR WXWWH HQWUDWH LQ DFTXD DJRVWR 1HOOD TXDUWD QRWWDWD GL HPHUVLRQH VROR WDUWDUXJKH VRQR XVFLWH GDOOD VDEELD GDOOH HG DQGDWH LQ PDUH

DJRVWR 6L SHQVDYD FKH OߤHYHQWR GL HPHUVLRQH GHOOH WDUWDUXJKH IRVVH RUPDL FRQFOXVR HG LQYHFH SXQWXDOL FRPH DO VROLWR DOOH VL VRQR RVVHUYDWH EHQ SLFFROH WHVWH VSXQWDUH DSSHQD GDOOD VDEELD 4XHVWR XOWLPR HYHQWR ª VWDWR SL» OXQJR GHJOL DOWUL GXUDQGR FRPSOHVVLYDPHQWH SL» GL XQߤRUD VRSUDWWXWWR SHUFK« WDUWDUXJKH KDQQR LPSLHJDWR TXDVL XQߤRUD SHU HPHUJHUH FRPSOHWDPHQWH GDOOD VDEELD ,O WUDWWR GL VSLDJJLD ª VWDWR SHU´ SHUFRUVR UDSLGDPHQWH GD WXWWH OH WDUWDUXJKH QHPPHQR PLQXWL FKH VRQR DSSDUVH HVWUHPDPHQWH YLWDOL 7DEHOOD 'HWWDJOLR GHOOߤDWWLYLW¢ GL HPHUVLRQH GHOOH QRWWL FRQVHFXWLYH

/XQJKH]]D 2UDULR GL /XQJKH]]D 1XPHUR FDUDSDFH LQJUHVVR LQ WRWDOH FP XVFLWH FP PDUH

'$7$

2UDULR GL HPHUVLRQH

127(

1XPHUR WRWDOH

$SSDULYD VRIIHUHQWH PD SRL VL ª ULSUHVD EHQH

7HVWD DSSDUVD DOOH

)LJXUD ßž 1XPHUR GL HPHUVLRQL SHU QRWWH

$SHUWXUD GHO QLGR DJRVWR 'RSR TXHVWH FLQTXH QRWWL GL HPHUVLRQL FRQWLQXH QRQ VL VRQR SL» UHJLVWUDWH HPHUVLRQL SHU OH GXH QRWWDWH VXFFHVVLYH 6L ª TXLQGL GHFLVR GL SURFHGHUH FRQ OߤDSHUWXUD GHO QLGR QHOOD QRWWH GHO DJRVWR FLUFD RUH GRSR OߤXOWLPD HPHUVLRQH $$99

)LJXUD ßž /H RSHUD]LRQL GL LVSH]LRQH GHO QLGR

$OOH FLUFD SDVVDWH RUH GDOOߤXOWLPD HPHUVLRQH GHOOH WDUWDUXJKH GDO QLGR GL 0DULQD GL &DPSR VL ª SURFHGXWR D VFDYDUH LO QLGR GL & FDUHWWD )LJ /ߤRSHUD]LRQH ª VWDWD FRQGRWWD SHU QRPH H FRQWR GHOOߤ27% GD $53$7 8QLYHUVLW¢ GL 6LHQD H ,=6/7 VH] GL 3LVD FRQ OD FROODERUD]LRQH GHL YRORQWDUL GL /HJDPELHQWH GHJOL RSHUDWRUL GHOOߤ$FTXDULR GHOOߤ(OED H GHOOR VWDII GHO EDJQR GD 6HUJLR $OOD SURIRQGLW¢ GL FP VL ª WURYDWD OD SULPD VDEELD XPLD H D FP GL SURIRQGLW¢ ª VWDWR ULWURYDWR LO SULPR JXVFLR URWWR GL XQ XRYR &RQWLQXDQGR D VFDYDUH OD FDPHUD SULQFLSDOH GL GHSRVL]LRQH GHOOH XRYD ª VWDWD LQGLYLGXDWD D FLUFD FP GL SURIRQGLW¢ 4XL LQIDWWL ILQR DG XQD SURIRQGLW¢ PDVVLPD GL FLUFD FP VRQR VWDWH ULWURYDWH WXWWH OH XRYD H FRQ JUDQGH VRUSUHVD DQFKH WDUWDUXJKH YLYH H YLWDOL SUREDELOPHQWH DSSHQD XVFLWH GDOOߤXRYR VLWXDWH DG XQD SURIRQGLW¢ FRPSUHVD WUD H FP 4XHVWH VRQR VWDWH PLVXUDWH H SHVDWH H SRL VRQR VWDWH SRVWH VXO FRUULGRLR SHUFK« UDJJLXQJHVVHUR LO PDUH LQ DXWRQRPLD FRPH KDQQR IDWWR OH DOWUH QHOOH QRWWL SUHFHGHQWL DOOD VWHVVD RUD /R VFKHPD GHJOL RUDUL GL ULWURYDPHQWR OLEHUD]LRQH H DUULYR DO PDUH VRQR L VHJXHQWL

(VHPSODUH

2UDULR SUHOLHYR GDOOD VDEELD

2UDULR ULODVFLR QHO FRUULGRLR

2UDULR HQWUDWD LQ DFTXD

7HPSR LPSHJDWR SHU SHUFRUUHUH LO FRUULGRLR

PLQ

PLQ

PLQ

PLQ

5LVXOWDWL /ߤLQYHQWDULR GHO FRQWHQXWR GHO QLGR )LJ QXPHUR WRWDOH GL XRYD QXPHUR GHOOH VFKLXVH QXPHUR GHOOH QRQ VFKLXVH QXPHUR GHOOH ߧLQFULQDWHߨ HFF ª VWDWR FRQGRWWR VHJXHQGR OH LQGLFD]LRQL FRQWHQXWH QHOOH OLQHH JXLGD SHU OD FRQVHUYD]LRQH GHOOH WDUWDUXJKH GHOOD )ORULGD $$99

,Q WRWDOH VL VRQR UHJLVWUDWH XRYD DOOߤLQWHUQR GHOOD FDPHUD GHO QLGR 7UD TXHVWH HUDQR JXVFL GL XRYD VFKLXVL HUDQR XRYD QRQ VFKLXVH H XRYR HUD URWWR FRQ DOOߤLQWHUQR XQ SLFFROR FRPSOHWDPHQWH IRUPDWR PD PRUWR $OFXQH GHOOH XRYD QRQ VFKLXVH DSSDULYDQR SHUIHWWDPHQWH WRQGHJJLDQWL H GL FRORUH FKLDUR /ߤHVDPH YLVLYR LQ FRQWUROXFH RSHUD]LRQH GL VSHUDWXUD KD PRVWUDWR OߤDVVHQ]D GL IRUPD]LRQH HPEULRQDOH LQ WXWWH TXHVWH XRYD FRQ JXVFLR OLVFLR Q DQFKH TXHOOH OHJJHUPHQWH DPPDFFDWH H GL FRORUH EUXQDVWUR Q VRQR DSSDUVH VHQ]D VYLOXSSR HPEULRQDOH H FRQ OD SUHVHQ]D GL VROR DOEXPH SDU]LDOPHQWH FRDJXODWR $OOߤLQWHUQR GL XQD GL TXHVWH VXFFHVVLYDPHQWH LQ ODERUDWRULR L YHWHULQDUL GHOOߤ,=6/7 KDQQR ULOHYDWR OD SUHVHQ]D GL XQ DOWUR SLFFROR SHUIHWWDPHQWH IRUPDWR PD PRUWR 'XH XRYD HUDQR GL GLPHQVLRQL PROWR PLQRUL ULVSHWWR DOOH DOWUH IHQRPHQR DQFKH TXHVWR FRQRVFLXWR H GRFXPHQWDWR 0DUTXH] DQFKH TXHVWH QRQ DYHYDQR HPEULRQH PD VROR DOEXPH SDU]LDOPHQWH FRDJXODWR FRPH WXWWH OH DOWUH $UULYDWL LQ IRQGR DO QLGR OD FRQWD GHOOH XRYD VFKLXVH KD GDWR XQ ULVXOWDWR OHJJHUPHQWH GLYHUVR GD TXHOOR UHJLVWUDWR GXUDQWH OH QRWWDWH GL HPHUVLRQH GHL SLFFROL WDUWDUXJKLQL XQ SDLR GL WDUWDUXJKH VRQR HYLGHQWHPHQWH VIXJJLWH DOOD SULPD FRQWD SUREDELOPHQWH QHOOD FRQFLWD]LRQH GHO QXPPHUR HOHYDWR GHO SULPS JLRUQR R GHO VHFRQGR JLRUQR TXDQGR ª VWDWR QHFHVVDULR UHFXSHUDUH DOFXQL HVHPSODUL DWWUDWWL GDOOH OXFL GHO SRUWR GL 0DULQD GL &DPSR ,O VXFFHVVR ULSURGXWWLYR GL TXHVWD WDUWDUXJD GHILQLWR FRPH LO UDSSRUWR WUD LO QXPHUR GL XRYD GHSRVWH HG LOQXPHUR GL XRYD VFKLXVH ª VWDWR SLXWWRVWR DOWR DWWHVWDQGRVL LQWRUQR DOOߤ 7XWWR LO PDWHULDOH ULWURYDWR QHO QLGR ª VWDWR FRQVHUYDWR H VDU¢ DQDOL]]DWR GDL YHWHULQDUL GHOOߤ,=6/7 SHU LQGDJLQL YLURORJLFKH H EDWWHULRORJLFKH H GDOOߤXQLYHUVLW¢ GL 6LHQD SHU OD ULFHUFD GL FRQWDPLQDQWL ,O PDWHULDOH GHOOH WDUWDUXJKH PRUWH WUH LQ WXWWR VDU¢ XWLOL]]DWR SHU OH LQGDJLQL JHQHWLFKH FRQGLYLGHQGROR DQFKH FRQ DOWUL VWXGLRVL D OLYHOOR QD]LRQDOH SHU WHQWDUH GL GHWHUPLQDUH DOFXQL GDWL LPSRUWDQWL TXDOL DG HVHPSLR VH OD WDUWDUXJD FKH KD GHSRVWR DOOߤ,VROD Gߤ(OED VLD XQD WDUWDUXJD JL¢ QRWD DOOD VFLHQ]D H VH H GRYH DEELD JL¢ QLGLILFDWR LQ SUHFHGHQ]D R VLD ULPDVWD LPSLJOLDWD LQ TXDOFKH UHWH R VRFFRUVD LQ PDUH SHU DOWUL PRWLYL ,O GHWWDJOLR GHO QLGR GHL FRQWHJJL GHOOH GLYHUVH WLSRORJLH GL XRYD H L GDWL GHL WDUWDUXJKLQL VRQR ULSRUWDWL QHOOH WDEHOOH H

)LJXUD ߞ /ߤDWWLYLW¢ GL LQYHQWDULR GHO FRQWHQXWR GHO QLGR FRPSUHVD PLVXUD]LRQH H UHJLVWUD]LRQH GHO SHVR GHL SLFFROL YLYL H GHOOH XRYD QRQ VFKLXVH 7DEHOOD ߞ 'DWL GHO QLGR

'$7$ (0(56,21( 3,&&2/, '$7$ ,63(=,21( 1,'2 25$ LQL]LR LVSH]LRQH 25$ ILQH LVSH]LRQH /DWLWXGLQH /RQJLWXGLQH 3URIRQGLW¢ GHO QLGR VXSHUILFLH GHOOD VDEELD ILQR DO SULPR XRYR 3URIRQGLW¢ GHO QLGR VXSHUILFLH GHOOD VDEELD IRQGR GHOOD FDPHUD /DUJKH]]D FDPHUD 'LVWDQ]D QLGR EDWWLJLD 'LVWDQ]D QLGR SLHGH GXQD 9ROXPH QLGR DSSURVVLPDWLYR

127(

DJRVWR DJRVWR

1 ( FP FP FP FP FP P 6SLDJJLD JUDQLWLFD VDEELD SLXWWRVWR JURVVRODQD FKH WHQGHYD D IUDQDUH GXUDQWH OR VFDYR OH PLVXUH VRQR DSSURVVLPDWLYH

7DEHOOD ßž &RQWHQXWR GHO QLGR SRVW HPHUVLRQH

8RYD VFKLXVH

9LYH QHO QLGR

0RUWH QHO QLGR

$SHUWH ߧSLSSHGߨ YLYH $SHUWH ߧSLSSHGߨ PRUWH 8RYD QRQ VFKLXVH

6HQ]D HPEULRQH (PEULRQH SDU]LDOPHQWH VYLOXSSDWR (PEULRQH FRPSOHWDPHQWH VYLOXSSDWR

727$/( 829$

/HJHQGD

8RYD VFKLXVH

8RYD QRQ VFKLXVH

8RYD DSHUWH ߧSLSSHGߨ FRQ SLFFROR PRUWR

(PEULRQH SDU]LDOPHQWH VYLOXSSDWR

8RYD VHQ]D HPEULRQH GLVFHUQLELOH

7DEHOOD , GDWL GHOOH XRYD QRQ VFKLXVH H GHL SLFFROL YLYL ULWURYDWL QHO QLGR

8RYD QRQ VFKLXVH

3LFFROL YLYL QHO QLGR

/XQJKH]]D WRWDOH FP

'LDPHWUR PP

3HVR J

8

8

DPPDFFDWR

8

DPPDFFDWR

8

DPPDFFDWR

8

8

127(

8

$PPDFFDWR H QHUR

8

$PPDFFDWR H QHUR

8

$PPDFFDWR H QHUR

8

$PPDFFDWR H QHUR

8

3L» SLFFROR H QHUR 3L» SLFFROR H QHUR

8

8

8

/XQJKH]]D FXUYD GHO FDUDSDFH /&&

FP

5RWWR FRQ HPEULRQH D WHUPLQH 5RWWR FRQ UHVLGXR ELDQFR WLSR DOEXPH $ FP GL SURIRQGLW¢ $ FP GL SURIRQGLW¢

(VHPSODUH

(VHPSODUH

(VHPSODUH

$ FP GL SURIRQGLW¢

(VHPSODUH

$ FP GL SURIRQGLW¢

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