Marking a journey through time

TEST RADIATION MEMORIAL MARKING SPRING 2024

A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME

CA P S T O N E M L A

S T U D I O L A N D

I N S T R U C T O R: B A R R Y

K E W

S T U D E N T: A R M I T A C H I T S A Z

“Dedicated to the precious souls lost in the tragic incident of radiation treatment in Cincinnati. May this quilt serve as a symbol of our deepest sympathies and unwavering support for their families during this unimaginably difficult time. You are not alone in your grief; our hearts are forever intertwined with yours.”

“There is a time for everything, and a season for every activity under heaven: a time to be born and a time to die, a time to plant and a time to uproot, a time to kill and a time to heal, a time to tear down and a time to build, a time to weep and a time to to laugh, a time to mourn and a time to dance, a time to scatter stones and a time to gather them, a time to embrace and a time to refrain, a time to search and a time to give up, a time to keep and a time to throw away, a time to tear and a time to mend, a time to be silent and a time to speak, a time to love and a time to hate, a time for war and a time for peace.”

Ecclesiastes

Contents

MODULE ONE

MODULE TWO

MODULE THREE

MODULE FOUR

Generating empathy

Design intent

Preliminary design

Design development

How can the integration of Kilim motifs in a memorial design for the victims of test radiation in Cincinnati serve as a framework for commemorating the past, educating the present, and fostering a sustainable environment for the future?

R A D I A T I O N

E X P E R I M E N T S

The Cincinnati Radiation experiments were conducted from 1960 to 1971, to study the effects of long-term radiation exposure on soldiers. These experiments were led by Dr. Eugene Saenger, who was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense and conducted at the University of Cincinnati. However, these experiments involved more than 90 individuals, mostly African-American and socio-economically disadvantaged cancer patients at Cincinnati General, who were subjected to extremely high radiation doses without proper consent forms for the initial five years.

As a result, many victims suffered severe symptoms, with some dying within months to a year after exposure. Despite concerns raised by a faculty committee of study (FCR), the investigations continued for an additional five years.

https://med.uc.edu

It was not until Martha Stephens, a retired University of Cincinnati English teacher, revealed the experiments through investigative journalism that they were terminated in 1972.

In the 1990s, Stephens uncovered the identities of the victims, resulting in a class-action lawsuit that was settled in 1999, with $4 million paid out to families. It is noteworthy that Dr. James G. Kereiakes, who was involved in the experiments, received the highest honor from the UC College of Medicine despite his involvement. A memo-

C I N C I N N A T I

HISTORY

P ATT E R N M A K I N G A N D C R A FT I N G T H E Q U I LT

FIRE

SOIL

WATER

WIND

C O L O R

To begin the process of designing a memorial for the victims of radiation testing, I created a quilt as a symbol of solidarity. Before quilting, I started by sketching their story on paper. I drew meaningful symbols and words, taking inspiration from the hospital signs that represent the essential elements of life: water, wind, soil, and fire. Using reflective shapes, I described the human form and their life journey, with its multiple twists and turns. Considerably like the Yin Yang symbol, their paths were uncertain and marked by both sunlight and shadow.

P A L L E T E

NARRATIVE

INSPIRATION African Kilim rugs are stunning examples of textile art created in various regions across the African continent.

These rugs, commonly referred to as “Kilims,” are known for their colors, intricate geometric patterns, and cultural significance. Even though Kilims are mostly associated with the Middle East, especially countries like Turkey and Iran, African Kilims offer a unique and distinct look that reflects the diversity of cultures and traditions across the continent.

The practice of Kilim weaving has been around in Africa for centuries, with each region developing its own unique style and techniques. From the north in Morocco to the east in Ethiopia, and from the west in Nigeria to the south in South Africa, African Kilims showcase a wide range of designs, motifs, and color mixtures.

One of the striking features of African Kilims is the use of natural textiles.

Traditional weavers often use locally sourced wool, cotton, or camel hair to create these intricate textiles. The selection of materials not only remembers the natural resources available in each area but also contributes to the durability and quality of the rugs.

https://www.kilim.com/images/content/hand_loom_weaving_rs.jpg

The patterns found in African Kilims carry deep symbolism and often hold cultural significance.

Geometric shapes like diamonds, triangles, and chevrons are often used and can represent various themes, including protection, fertility, and spirituality. Each motif tells a narrative, reflecting the history, beliefs, and traditions of the communities where the rugs are woven.

HAND-MADE CARPET KILIM

The motifs used in African kilims are varied and can represent different visions, including unity, peace, growth, and elements of nature.

Geometric shapes such as diamonds, triangles, squares, and zigzags are frequently used in African kilims to represent concepts like unity, harmony, or elements of nature.

Some motifs in African kilims may carry specific cultural or spiritual meanings. For example, a particular symbol might represent protection, prosperity, or spirituality within a specific community or tribe. Tribal symbols unique to specific tribes or ethnic groups are also incorporated into the designs, reflecting the cultural heritage and traditions of the weavers and may include symbols passed down through generations.

Colors are also important in African kilim designs, with different colors holding symbolic meanings. For example, red represents energy, blue represents spirituality or protection, and green represents maturation and fertility.

In addition to their aesthetic appeal, African Kilims serve practical purposes too. Historically used as floor coverings, these rugs provide insulation against cold floors and offer a comfortable surface for sitting or sleeping. They are also versatile decorative pieces that can be hung on walls or used as coverings or tablecloths.

Today, African Kilims are still captivating audiences worldwide with their beauty and cultural significance. Although modern manufacturing techniques have made Kilim-style rugs more accessible, there is still a strong demand for authentic handwoven pieces crafted by skilled artisans using traditional methods. Whether displayed in homes, offices, or museums, African Kilims serve as timeless reminders of Africa’s rich artistic inheritance and cultural variety.

MOTIFS

JOAQUÍN TORRES-GARCÍA A global modernist before his time

Joaquín Torres-García was a famous Uruguayan artist, known for his significant contributions to contemporary art, particularly in the fields of abstraction and constructivism. He was born on July 28, 1874, in Montevideo, Uruguay, and spent much of his life traveling and working in various parts of Europe and the Americas.

Torres-García’s creative style was influenced by a variety of movements, including academic realism and impressionism. Nevertheless, he later became associated with the avant-garde movements of the early 20th century, such as cubism and constructivism. He was especially interested in designing a universal visual language that could transcend cultural differences.

One of Torres-García’s most notable contributions to modern art was the development of a style he called “Universal Constructivism.” This style incorporated elements of European modernism with pre-Columbian art forms from Latin America. He desired to create artworks that expressed a sense of order and form while also remembering the spiritual and cultural heritage of the Americas.

PROCESS OF DESIGN Fusion of Artistic Motifs: Inspired by Joaquín Torres-García and Kilim Patterns

I was inspired by the figurative richness of Torres-García’s art and the captivating appeal of kilim designs.

So, I started a creative journey to combine these two influences into a cohesive design for a quilt.

To contain Torres-García’s use of geometric shapes and archetypal symbols, I included motifs such as squares, lines, and simplified figures into the quilt pattern.

To infuse the quilt with the essence of kilim patterns, I chose a bold and earthy color palette that reminded me of traditional dyes used in weaving.

PATTERN LANGUAGE

C R A FT I N G THE Q U I LT 1. SELECTING FABRICS Deciding on the design, size, and pattern of the quilt.

2. QUILTING TEMPLATES Creating stencils for fabric pieces by numbering and drawing them in AutoCAD software.

3. CUTTING FABRICS Measuring and cutting the fabric pieces according to the design, and Using a rotary cutter, ruler, and cutting mat for precision.

4. PIECING THE QUILT TOP Hand-Sewing the small fabric pieces together separately.

5. ADDING BATTING AND BADING Cut a piece of batting (the middle layer that provides warmth and thickness) and backing fabric slightly larger than the quilt top.

6.BASTING

Using basting techniques to prevent shifting during quilting.

7. QUILTING Hand quilting involves using a quilting hoop or frame to hold the layers taut while stitching.

Front: By incorporating Kilim’s motifs symbolize protection, into a new pattern, I aim to safeguard victims.

Back: The color palette was inspired by the four elements of life, namely soil, water, fire, and wind

DESIGN INTENT

GOAL A Tale of Memory, Education, and Respect

Certain moments in history have had a profound impact on society, leaving a lasting memory and shaping our world. One such moment was the Radiation Test Experiment that took place in Cincinnati during the Cold War. The design intent is a crucial aspect that shapes not only its physical appearance but also the narrative and purpose of remembrance. It weaves together principles of memory, education, respect, and sustainability, and the collective memory of social See Appendix 1 groups and the significance of events, people, or circumstances that connect the past with the present and future.

Local Community + Victim’s Families + Tourist

Sustianablity

Path Memory Learn

Past

Education

Present

Future

SITE ANALYSIS The site is located within UC’s Medical Campus adjust to the Children’s Clinical Sciences Pavilion and academic institutions.

This area provides a desirable vantage point, with scenic views. In addition to the urban surroundings, the site varied topography provide valuable opportunities for landscape integration and ecological preservation.The design should complete the surrounding skyline while also maintaining its own identity. In addition to the urban surroundings, the site also features natural elements, such as mature trees and varied topography.

LEGEND Roadways Buildings Cantour

0

0.5 Mile buffer from the site See Appendix 2

0.25

These components propose valuable opportunities for landscape integration and ecological preservation. While the site is easily accessible for pedestrians, cars, and buses, there is a significant absence of infrastructure for cyclists. To fix this, the strategy must prioritize the inclusion of dedicated bike routes. What’s more, visitors should be encouraged to engage with the place in different ways depending on the time of day and season. The pedestrian patterns around the site should be user-friendly, and the visual and physical connections between the memorial and nearby structures, especially the College of Medicine.

0.5 Miles

Burnet Ave Albert Sabin Way Eden Ave

ACCESSIBILITY

Martin Luther King Dr E

UC Health Holmes Building Eden Avenue Garage

PERSPECTIVE

Kowalewski Hall

CCHMC S Building

University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

Summer Sun

SUN PATH

Winter Sun

TOPOGRAPHY

Wind Path

https://i.pinimg.com/564x/87/bf/96/87bf96a3de65eecfd5ecd88f6e24721b.jpg

PRECEDENT The design intent serves as a guiding light, brightening the path toward meaningful memory, education, and healing. In designing a healing space, the path layout can be arranged to optimize the direction of sunlight. Sunlight can symbolize hope and renewal, and its warm and nurturing qualities can be beneficial to the healing process. The path’s color scheme can also be used to evoke specific emotions or themes. For instance, utilizing calming blues and greens can promote tranquility and healing, while vibrant hues can symbolize vitality and strength.

As visitors walk along the path, the changing colors can subtly influence their mood and mindset, enhancing their overall experience. On the other hand, reflective materials placed along the path can serve as focal points for reflection and contemplation. As visitors progress along the path, they encounter these elements, each proposing a unique perspective or insight into the past.

This journey of discovery can lead to personal growth and emotional healing over time. In the previous module, A quilt was created as a form of expression and solidarity with the victims of nuclear testing can be a meaningful inspiration for design approaches. Five significant topics crafted from the quilt inspired by Kilim motifs including reflection, meandrous movement, unclear focal point, color, and sound could be included in the design intent for a memorial.

REF ECT Reflection symbolizes contemplation or meditation on the consequences of test radiation. It is also a way of provoking viewers to reflect on the more expansive implications of such circumstances. The reflective elements are strategically incorporated to inspire viewers to reflect on their memories, feelings, and connections to the people or circumstances being memorialized.

This could be achieved by integrating reflective elements such as polished surfaces to symbolize contemplation and remembrance. The use of materials that have reflective properties like stainless steel and mirrored sculptures would encourage visitors to reflect on the past and the significance of the memorial. The inclusion of mirrored sculptures adds a layer of symbolism, inviting visitors to reflect not only on

MEANDERING MOVEMENT Meandering Movement embraces a meandering, non-linear flow. This intentional lack of a strict pattern or layout symbolizes the unpredictable journey of life. It depicts various elements and narratives, simulating the twists and turns of personal and collective histories. This could represent the ongoing and evolving nature of the situation or the movement of people and communities affected by radiation.

See Appendix 3

UNCLEAR FOCAL POINT Unclear Focal space purposefully lacks a clear center of awareness. This reflects the multifaceted nature of the subject matter being memorialized.

By having an uncertain singular focus, the design encourages viewers to explore and interpret it in their way, recognizing the diverse experiences and perspectives surrounding the individuals or events being remembered. It could illustrate the complexity and ambiguity surrounding matters related to nuclear radiation and its effect on people. Design should create central gathering spaces that serve as focal points, using abstract or interactive art installations. Design elements that symbolize the uncertainty and complexity of the experiment would engage visitors in contemplation and discussion.

COLOR Colors convey specific emotions and themes. Soft tones evoke a sense of solemnity and reverence, while bursts of vibrant colors symbolize moments of joy, stability, and hope. The interplay of colors creates a visual narrative, capturing the complexity of the memorialized subject matter.

Warm colors such as red and creamy can evoke feelings of empathy, compassion, and solidarity, while cooler tones like blue and green may promote reflection, healing, and resilience.

SOUND Sound represents voices, stories, or experiences. It can take the form of visual sound waves, music notes, or symbolic representations of auditory elements related to the theme.

SIGNATURE DESIGN APPROACH The urban space design includes landscape components to create user-engaged spaces and preserve memories, fostering a sense of belonging and ownership among citizens while also increasing the tourism and economic value of the area. Tourists usually visit places of historical importance that evoke emotions and connections to history. These areas not only preserve memories but also serve as points of attraction. By incorporating memory-preserving elements in urban design, cities can attract tourists who are keen to experience and learn about the past and culture of the area. Well-designed urban spaces with a memorial can make an area more attractive and desirable. Additionally, the presence of engaging public spaces can encourage people to spend more time in the area, which can result in a growth in local businesses. Integrating features that preserve memories into urban design can promote a sense of belonging among citizens. When people feel connected to the history and culture of their surroundings, they are more likely to be in their neighborhood and actively participate in its preservation and enhancement. This sense of ownership can lead to increased community cohesion, and a willingness to invest time in the improvement of the urban environment.

The design is integrated with consideration of the elements within the space, such as planting, architectural components, and landforms. This could be achieved by integrating reflective elements such as polished surfaces to symbolize contemplation and remembrance. The use of materials that have reflective properties like stainless steel and mirrored sculptures would encourage visitors to reflect on the past and the significance of the memorial.

The inclusion of mirrored sculptures adds a layer of symbolism, inviting visitors to reflect not only on past events but also on their own experiences and emotions. Sun’s path glows on the mirrored sculptures can create interesting reflections and patterns that enhance the beauty of the memorial. As the sun moves throughout the day, the reflections will also alter, and visitors will experience different perspectives each time. For instance, during sunrise or sunset, the warm colors reflected by the sculptures can inspire feelings of meditation. On a sunny day, the reflections may be livelier, imbuing a sense of optimism and hope. The interaction between sunlight and mirrored surfaces can create opportunities for interactive experiences.

The path’s color scheme can also be used to evoke specific emotions or themes. For instance, utilizing calming blues and greens can promote tranquility and healing, while vibrant hues can symbolize vitality and strength. As visitors walk along the path, the changing colors can subtly influence their mood and mindset, enhancing their overall experience. On the other hand, reflective materials placed along the path can serve as focal points for reflection and contemplation. As visitors progress along the path, they encounter these elements, each proposing a unique perspective or insight into the past. This journey of discovery can lead to personal growth and emotional healing over time.

Visitors may be able to manipulate their reflections by moving around the sculptures or placing themselves in certain ways. This interactivity can further engage visitors and encourage them to actively participate in their reflections. To achieve a design that fosters a sense of exploration and discovery, the emphasis should be on slow, contemplative walks and the incorporation of pathways and plant beds. Pathways and walkways that meander through the memorial space would encourage visitors to move in a contemplative and reflective manner.

Creating winding trails or labyrinthine patterns that lead visitors through different areas of the memorial would represent the ups and downs journey of victims. Informational markers should be placed along the paths to guide visitors through the history of the Radiation Test Experiment. Introducing a diverse selection of plants with vibrant colors would create a visually stimulating environment. Incorporating bird-friendly landscaping would enhance the auditory experience by attracting various bird species. Additionally, the design should consider areas for quiet reflection, incorporating benches or secluded spots amidst the greenery.

Providing suitable resting areas for birds is crucial for their health and energy preservation.

Designing structures that mimic natural nesting habitats can encourage breeding success and contribute to the overall population of bird species. Access to adequate food and water sources is critical for the survival of bird populations. Finally, the design should create gathering spaces that serve as focal points, using abstract or interactive art installations.

By blending these five elements, the design can create a memorial that invites visitors to reflect on the past, experience a sense of ambiguity, and appreciate the symbolic use of colors.

The design should encourage a connection between the visitors and the significance of the Radiation Test Experiment Memorial in Cincinnati.

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

Taking into account the site’s geographical orientation, the

Additionally, the lush tree canopy gracing the

decision was made to allocate the eastern side for the crea-

eastern boundary serves as a natural barrier, ef-

tion of a memorial park. This strategic choice was primarily

fectively shielding the park from the prevailing

influenced by the superior lighting conditions present in

southwest winds. This protective barrier not only

this area compared to the rest of the site. By harnessing

enhances the comfort of visitors by tempering

the natural illumination available, the envisioned park

the effects of harsh weather conditions but also

promises to exude a tranquil and inviting ambiance, con-

contributes to the overall ecological resilience of

ducive to reflection and commemoration.

the park environment.

In essence, the selection of the eastern side for

Moreover, the eastward positioning offers a unique canvas

the memorial park not only capitalizes on its

for crafting both active and passive zones within the park’s

favorable lighting and environmental attributes

layout. This versatile arrangement allows for the integra-

but also presents an ideal canvas for the reali-

tion of dynamic elements such as walking paths, recrea-

zation of a multifaceted and harmonious public

tional areas, and interactive installations, alongside serene

space, deeply imbued with significance and pur-

spots tailored for contemplation and quietude.

pose.

PROCESS OF DESIGN

Past Reflection Present Future

Existing context

Making a connection

Schematic of goals

Grid pattern

Preliminary plan

Architectural elements

MASTER PLAN After considering the site’s orientation, we decided to use the eastern side to create a memorial park. This decision was mainly influenced by the area’s superior lighting conditions compared to the rest of the site. By utilizing the natural light, the park aims to offer a serene and welcoming atmosphere for reflection and remembrance. Additionally, the eastward location provides a unique opportunity to design both active and passive areas within the park’s layout.

The lush tree canopy on the eastern boundary acts as a natural barrier, protecting the park from the prevailing southwest winds.

LEGEND 1. Past 2. Reflection 3. Present 4. Future

S I T E

P L A N

SITE PLAN

LEGEND 1. Main entrance 2. Memorial wall 3. Legacy Passage 4. Waters of Remembrance 5. Enlightenment Hub 6. Stairs of hope 7. Horizon Vista Zone

GRADING PLAN

MATRIX

PROGRAM The Cincinnati Radiation Experiments were a series of total and partial body irradiation tests performed on at least 90 patients with advanced cancer at the Cincinnati General Hospital, now University of Cincinnati Hospital, from 1960 to 1971.

BENEFITS

Wall

Health Healing therapy Mindfulness and Reflection

Social Social integrated ages Youth education

Ecological Biodiversity & Habitat improvement Soil improvement Storm water management

PRESENT

REMEMBRANCE

PAST

Wall

FUTURE

Wall

Wall

PROGRAM Horizon Vista Zone This zone symbolizes hope and the future.

Waters of Remembrance This zone reflects on the years of test radiation treatment.

Enlightenment Hub This zone focuses on current knowledge and education about test radiation.

Enlightenment Hub This zone focuses on current knowledge and education about test radiation.

SECTION

ELEVATION

SECTION VIEW

History Wall Zone: This zone features the names of the victims and serves as an introduction to the memorial’s narrative.

Past and History Zone: This zone represents the historical context of the test radiation events.

Reflection Pool Zone: This zone reflects on the years of test radiation treatment.

Present Education Zone: This zone focuses on current knowledge and education about test radiation.

Future Zone: This zone symbolizes hope and the future.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

As you descend into the depths of the memorial, you embark on a journey through time to honor the lives affected by radiation testing. The History Wall Zone displays the names of victims who endured the consequences of these events. Moving forward, you enter the Past Zone, where motifs adorn the walls, telling the story of the struggles faced by those who were touched by radiation testing in the past. Continuing, you’ll encounter the Reflection Pool Zone, where tranquil waters mirror the passage of time. Twelve panels on each side represent the twelve years of radiation testing. In the Present Education Zone, you can engage with rotating elements on the walls and gain insights into current knowledge and advancements in radiation treatment. Here, education becomes a hope, guiding us towards a better future. As you ascend towards the light, you’ll emerge into the Future Zone, where lush trees symbolize growth, renewal, and the promise of tomorrow. Returning to the surface, you can look back upon the underground spaces with a newfound perspective, reminding us that through remembrance, education, and hope, we can shape a brighter future together.

EXPANDED PLAN 12 Stainless steels

Pocket garden space

Garden pedestrain flows

Pocket garden structure

Water flow

View from Horizon Vista Zone to Waters of Remembrance

Legacy passage

Meandering pathway between Legacy passage and Waters of remembrance

Horizon vista zone

S E A S O N A L C O L O R P A L ETT E

R ET A I N I N G W A L L

PHYSICAL MODEL