Armatures of Change

LANDSCAPE AS A MEDIUM TOTHINK, SEE,AND MAKE CHANGE BRADFORD GOETZ

ARMATURES OF CHANGE

Student Work Ecosystem Surfaces Carolina Clemente Fall 2014, Northeastern University

DESIGN[ING] WITH NATURE, TODAY: ARMATURES OF CHANGE LANDSCAPE AS A MEDIUMTO THINK, SEE,AND MAKE CHANGE

Models of Thought: An Assemblage from Environment, Power, and Society Energy Systems Language / Picture Mathematics, Howard T. Odum, 1971

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Statement of Work Curriculum Vitae / References Formative Study {learning} Modeling Hybridity and the Ecological Process Design as Reseach {synthesis} Praxis {application of theory} Port / James Corner Field Operations Pedagogical Innovation {testing theory} Armatures of Landscape Modeling Change Ecosystem Sufaces

International Geosphere-Biosphere Program in collaboration with the Stockholm Resilience Centre has reassessed and updated the Great Acceleration indicators, first published in the IGBP synthesis, Global Change and the Earth System in 2004.

Design[ing] with Nature, Today: Armatures of Change Hybrid modes of design thinking and implementation provide a rare platform to integrate, test, and generate transformative solutions for urban coastal resilience -beyond conventional design approaches, methods of representation, and implementation.

Modeling Thought: Radical Environmental Transformation

The Anthropocene discourse and its golden spike moment clearly communicate the relative brevity, exponential rate, and magnitude of human-induced change. This seminal assemblage of graphs, entitled The Great Acceleration, distills complex coupled human-environmental systems via performance metrics to visualize larger socioeconomic and biophysical trends. Measurable indicators such as coastal nitrogen levels or fertilizer consumption define a set of values (temperature, frequency, and concentration) by which assessment and evaluation of ecological structure and function occur. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has developed frameworks crucial to our understanding of landscape as a medium of interrelation, however the science, its knowledge organization and methodology, increasingly clear and compelling, has yet to penetrate design pedagogy and designerly methodology in a substantive manner. Cumulatively the twelve graphs bracket a transcendental moment in our history, visualize the holistic, comprehensive, and interlinked nature of our urbanized earth system, and conspicuously connect anthropogenic global transmutation with urban design as a form of control and maladaptation. As the scope and agency of the discipline expands, is this landscape’s golden spike moment?

How will landscape architecture evolve? Designed adaptation, for unknown environmental and economic futures, calls for transdisciplinary knowledge organization and transferable metrics for the assessment and design of change. But how will such metrics penetrate design methodology and pedagogy?

Earth System Trends

Socio-Economic Trends

Design Agency / Design Armatures

Pairing Metrics with Modeling

I hope to address the granularity of tools and techniques needed to empower landscape architects, architects, and city planners to address climate change adaptation and resiliency in a substantive manner. With much of what is assumed sustainable often counterintuitive, maladaptive, or beyond the scope of the established design project, resilience has usurped sustainability in design discourse. Yet without engaging implementation tactics and techniques, performance metrics, digital agency, and emerging conceptual frameworks on risk, adaptation, and vulnerability, the expanding scope of landscape, and relevance of the designer, appears unprepared in approach and superficial in response to confront the urgent and complex issues inclusive to resilience.

My interest in hybridity as a framework for design operation, and landscape performance metrics as models with which to accommodate flux, flow, and other boundary-blurring phenomena unite two recent, and significant strands of ecological resilience inquiry: the articulation of landscape performance metrics as ecosystem services, and the indices derived for their interpretation, analysis, and assessment. I hope to address larger concerns for bidirectional convergence between design and the sciences by contributing to the granularity of techniques available for the visualization of responsive urban environments.

Armatures of Change as a research agenda proposes to use landscape as a medium to think, see, and make change. Rooted in discourse on climate change adaptation, and urban, landscape, and ecosystem ecology I hope to engage the fundamental strength of landscape as an armature of adaptation and medium of interrelation. To make change through innovation in implementation for social and environmental advocacy, use change as an operational framework for designed adaptation, and to model change as a means to develop tools and techniques to visualize the metaphysics of boundary blurring phenomena.

As the core coordinating faculty member of the Urban Landscape (BLA) and Sustainable Urban Environments (MDes) Programs at Northeastern University, I launched a research-driven curriculum at the convergence of technology and pedagogy, for a multifaceted approach to Change as resilience through adaptation for social and environmental justice. Through the Implementation and Visualization sequence and Sustainable Urban Systems studios, at the graduate and undergraduate level, my research on the visualization of risk as landscape via the ecosystem service as urban surface approach, or ecosystem surfaces approach, seeks to build upon the formational / deformational, and generative / regenerative processes and properties of landscape transformation within the parameters defined by systemic vulnerability, exposure, and landscape process. Formal, ecological, and methodological hybridity

Bradford Goetz Models of Thought / Modeling Systemic Vulnerability: A paradigmatic shift on how we assess and approach urban resilience

informs landscape operation, performance metrics, and range of flexibility for the continuation and evolution of function over time. Such strategies have the potential to inform open ended scenarios of spatial aggregation and their visualization. Further investigation and research of landscape performance metrics, in collaboration with the spatial sciences is essential to quantify, assess, and substantiate contemporary approaches to process driven patterns and parametric design, as a bridge between visualization, ecology, and climate change risk.

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge

My approach to design research has been profoundly informed by my teaching experiences.

As an educator my primary goal is to foster critical thinking in my students as defined by the process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to reach an answer or conclusion. I teach design as a form of advocacy, agency, and research, and believe thinking critically means embracing complexity with creativity as an iterative process, oscillating between applied research and designerly imagination. I often use the idiom, design is research, research is design (or some variation thereof) to reconcile the design process for my students as a continuum of drawing, modeling, and making one’s research. As such, my approach to practice, research, and teaching is to: I. Engage the granularity of tools and techniques for the assessment and measurement of urban / landscape transformation as a new metric for design.

II. Engage new models of thought for the visualization of interrelationships, magnitude, and impact over time as a common language and means to communicate boundary blurring phenomena.

III. Pursue disciplinary frameworks for knowledge transfer and the integration of applied research for the development and implementation of new theoretical frameworks on resilience and systemic adaptation.

I hope to advance a technological-pedagogical approach for the consilience of digital design, modeling, and visualization of landscape conditions, processes, and change. With the analysis of a substantially larger base of scientific, technical, and socioeconomic literature on climate via the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, coupled with the rapid rate of evolution in digital design and fabrication, I have developed, and continue to evolve, a technological-pedagogical approach to empower landscape architects, architects, and city planners to address climate change adaptation and resiliency in a substantive and interdisciplinary manner.

When designing for change, (resilience through adaptation for social and environmental justice) I liken non-transformative, primary and secondary loop learning solutions to the “master plan”, masquerading as a framework for responsive urban environments, or landscape masquerade. Such strategies often deploy the same menu of hackneyed best management practices across a site with few means of assessment, or deep understanding of the opportunities inherent in succession, regimes of maintenance, and relations of form, materiality, operation, and process. The most popular, a sequence of wetlands, berms, deployable walls, bioswales, and/or perhaps soccer fields are used in tandem to mitigate storm surge, filter contaminants, and generate habitat. These are of-course the building blocks of sustainability and essential for a student of landscape to learn, but the problem occurs when strategies become objectified as tactics and deployed as a panacea.

Through explanatory drawings and knowledge mapping (if you don’t show it, you don’t know it) I try to push a student’s declarative knowledge and visualization of a concept, such as a wetland, to the procedural knowledge involved when connecting and synthesizing disparate pieces of information -such as its

performance, function, form, and the designed processes they wish to incite. The answer often lies in the details of any system, or the relationships between socio-economic factors and the biophysical conditions, land use tenure or landscape process.

A Vision for Future Development

The design of responsive and resilient urban coastal environments means teaching our students to think critically and to interpret issues of systemic vulnerability as a means to reconceptualize the problem and diversify our focus from the disaster event to define, assess, and then address the institutional and environmental factors contributing to vulnerability and exposure. Preparing or designing for a 2100 flood scenario and its cascading effects can limit the scope of design. I remind my students that flooding, or storm surge, is a necessary ecological process that is largely identified and interpreted through the human phenomena of disaster event.

Strategies of coping or abatement often spring from our fixation upon the disaster event as a framework for design, and shield us from transformative solutions that address the cause of the disaster not the cause of the event.

Because I teach courses on urban ecology, sustainability, urban design theory, design methodology, and visualization, my classrooms and studio space are peppered with students from many disciplines, backgrounds, and levels of development.

Often I am their first or only exposure to landscape and thus play a formative role in expanding my students’ impression of landscape as a fundamental organizational scaffold of urbanism and medium to see, think, and make change. With such a broad array of students, I hope to foster the creativity and critical thinking necessary to transfer, reapply, and build upon their knowledge of landscape as an instrument of design.

Knowledge Organization: Ecosystem Surfaces

Designing for Change

Based upon “Living Systems” by Liat Margolis and Alexander Robinson, knowledge organization of Ecosystem Surfaces. Course content organized via landscape process and property, where landscape operation is defined as the process, manner of functioning, or operating of the landscape to produce an ecological benefit, and an ecosystem service as the benefit we receive from ecosystems collectively (the landscape).

RISK MORPHOMETRY: NOT OBJECTS BUT SURFACES / NOT COMPONENTS BUT SYSTEMS. INTEGRATING OPERATION AS A LOGIC, ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY, GEOMETRY, AND STRUCTURETO CATALYZE ‘SERVICE’.

Ecosystem Surface Strategies investigates the processes and properties of landscape as an operative framework for change: to Make Change via social and environmental justice, to Use Change as an operational framework for designed adaptation, and to Model Change as a means to visualize and implement design strategies. Ecosystem Surfaces engage landscape as a medium of interrelation and armature of adaptation to think, see, and make change.

Ecosystem services are inherent to the structure, operation, and processes of the urban landscape and underpin the capacity of an ecosystem to provide integral goods and services. Surface strategies are frameworks to recalibrate existing infrastructures in order to amplify, enhance, and or augment the operation of degraded or at risk urban landscapes.

Not objects but surfaces, not components but systems: integrating ‘operation’ as a logic, organizational strategy, inherent geometry, and structure to catalyze ‘service’. Ecosystem Surface Strategies call for a retooling of design methodology and spatial practice by conjoining design, environmental engineering and urban ecology. Not just infrastructural components but living systems, Ecosystem Surface Strategies examine the interdisciplinary integration of ecological and material technologies and specifications to address, mitigate, leverage, adapt, and subvert the effects of climate change upon our urban coastal waterfronts.

Student Work, Ecosystem Surface Carolina Clamente, Northeastern University Fall 2014

Student Work, Terrain Index Northeastern University, MDES Sustainable Urban Environments Spring 2015

Student Work Terrain Morphometry / Index Model Meital Ganor & Luis Antonio Barsotti Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Student Work, Northeastern University Terrain Morphometry / Index Model Meital Ganor & Luis Antonio Barsotti Spring 2015

The Terrain Index is a heuristic method of modeling thought for designed adaptation. Combining applied research on urban/landscape ecology, ecological economics, systems science, and digital fabrication -complexity inspires the critical thinking necessary to link and address the multidimensional and differential factors associated with systemic vulnerability, landscape, and transformation as an operational framework for design.

SIGNATURE COURSE SEQUENCE

School of Architecture Northeastern University

City Ecological: Ecology of the City to Ecosystem Surfaces

INFRASTRUCTURE LANDSCAPE

I propose a combined curriculum uniting two courses as one sequence. The first, a large lecture course entitled City Ecological: Ecology of the City would introduce students to key theory, terms, models, and concepts bridging urban ecology with design. Students will gain context and exposure to landscape as a medium of change.

Second, those who wish to advance in the field can then take Ecosystem Surfaces as a research-driven lecture-lab where methods of implementation and visualization are developed via landscape performance metrics.

School of Architecture Northeastern University

meets instructor

Instructor

Spring 2015 Tue/Fri 9:50-11:30 am Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208 583 Holmes Hall

Credits In Room For Help

credits in room for help

LARC 1330 DESIGNED ECOLOGIES OF THE CITY

Four Semester Hours Forsyth 238 Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

term meets instructor

Summer I 2015 MTWR 3:20-5:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

Four Semester Hours Forsyth 238 Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

COURSE SEQUENCE

Designed Ecologies of the City takes a genealogical approach to the emergence of transdisciplinary armatures necessary to bridge ecological theory with contemporary urban discourse. This couse offers a selective survey of landscape architecture and urban planning history and theory; the evolution of hybrid sub-disciplines, complex adaptive systems, and recent scientific shifts in ecosystem ecology; and the modes by which we interpret, communicate, or visualize such interrelationships as heuristics for designing with nature today. {Interdependence, correlation, and interconnection, and adaptation, resilience, and flexibility} This course does not presuppose advanced knowledge of ecology, or the history of city planning, landscape architecture, architecture, or environmentalism; rather, it will introduce students to a new set of historical precedents and intellectual frameworks sensitive to current and future environmental and urban challenges. Thus, while much of the material covered will be of especial relevance to those interested in urban geography, ecology, city planning, architecture, and landscape architecture, the course content is inherently interdisciplinary, and students involved in the environmental sciences, engineering, economics, sociology and anthropology, and urban and regional policy will also find much to engage.

1 Systems 2 The Anthropocene 3 The Great Acceleration 4 Haussmann Plan of Paris 5 Frederick Law Olmsted 6 Mixed Ecologies

Earth Systems: interrelationships of coupled socioeconomic - biophysical systems A systematic view of human driven changes to the earth system. More than climate change, earth system change.

The magnitude and exponential rate of urbanization since WWII. Edward Burtynsky {Watermark and Manufactured Landscape} Industrial, political, and social revolution: origins of the modern city -its spatial manifestation and regularization Manhattanism and the City Beautiful/Chicago Plan of 1909 Urban Landscape Ecology: origins, visualization, and speculative futures

RESURVEYING WALDEN: INDUSTRIAL COLDSCAPES & PASTORAL POETICS

Concepts include: the emerging field of urban ecology, ecological economics, and ecologically inspired urbanism; resilient urban form and speculative frameworks of design; ecological patterns and processes; urban metabolism; urban regions and ecoregions; and urban effects on climate and ecosystem services.

Four Semester Hours 297 Ryder Hall Office Hours Tue: 12:30-5:00 pm Wed: 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

Date: Time: Location:

Tuesday June 23 3;20 - 5:00 pm Forsyth 238

A lecture by Meg Studer of Siteations Studio, Assistant Professor of Landscape Architecture, City College, New York {formerly of Stoss Landscape Urbanism, Cambridge MA}

SUMMER TERM I SEQUENCE

ARCH 2250 Introduction to Sustainable Design in Architecture Meets

Summer I 2015 MTWR 3:20-5:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

COURSE ABSTRACT

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IN ARCHITECTURE Term

EMERGENT URBANISMS

LARC 1330 DESIGNED ECOLOGIES OF THE CITY term

School of Architecture Northeastern University

w01

mon11may

Introduction, the Anthropocene

w02

mon18may

Origins

w03

tues26may

Origins

w04

mon01jun

Disciplines

w05

mon08jun

Disciplines

w06

mon15jun

Undisciplined

w07

mon22jun

Undisciplined

w08

mon29jun

Final Exam: Slide Identification, Short Answer, Short Essay

LECTURE-COLLOQUIUM LOGISTICS

Date: Time: Location:

Wednesday June 24th and Thursday June 25th 2:00 - 6:00 pm {the space is reserved during this block} Snell Library, second floor DMC Blue Circle

1 Please bring your computer and an adaptor if needed {these may be checked out on the first floor of Snell Library} so that you may present your genealogy to the class.

2 Please submit your binder/folder to me either Wednesday or Thursday before your presentation.

3 Submit a digital version of your presentation {PDF} via email by Friday, June 26th.

BOUND DOCUMENTS

Your binder should include:

The New {fall 2016} NU Core Framework ensures a breadth of learning while enhancing curricular flexibility. Students complete ten core requirements. Of these, eight may be completed by courses that fulfill two core requirements. A course that satisfies one or two core requirements may also satisfy a requirement in the major. Courses must address the key elements of the requirement described below and provide students opportunities to achieve the learning goals. Students must earn a C or better in order to fulfill their core requirements.

1 Title Page and Table of Contents 2 A printed copy of your presentation {I will use this during your presentation for notes and for later assessment} 3 An ‘appendix’ of relevant facts / figures associated with your genealogical investigation 4 Prior drafts including those with my notes 5 Bibliography

Interpreting Culture: Students study and analyze cultural practices, artifacts, and texts (e.g., visual art, literature, theatrical performances, musical compositions, architectural structures). They learn critical reading and observation strategies and how traditions of theoretical, aesthetic, and/or literary criticism provide different lenses for the interpretation of cultural objects and practices.

PRESENTATION SCHEDULE

Learning Goals: By the end of the course, students should be able to

Each student should plan for a 30-40 minute power point presentation and discussion.

1. Recognize and identify a variety of cultural practices and creations, their forms of production, and development over time.

2. Acquire and assess techniques of interpretation (including critical reading and observation techniques), criticism, and analysis of cultural practices, texts, and/or artifacts.

3. Formulate arguments for and against different theories and interpretations of cultural practices, texts, and/or artifacts.

Wednesday:

LARC1330 DESIGNED ECOLOGIES OF THE CITY FULFILLS NU CORE REQUIREMENTS THREE AND FIVE {2016}

Inquiring Into Society: Students study and practice social science and historical methods of inquiry in order to understand social, political, and economic institutions, structures, and processes.

They learn theories of human social behavior, globalization, social development and change, and civic sustainability, and how those theories are tested and applied.

Learning Goals: By the end of the course, students should be able to

The Dymaxion map depicts the Earth’s continents as “one island,” or nearly contiguous land masses. More unusually, the Dymaxion map does not have any “right way up”. Fuller argued that in the universe there is no “up” and “down”, or “north” and “south”: only “in” and “out”. He attributed the north-up-superior/ south-down-inferior presentation of most other world maps to cultural bias.

CONTEXT

Thursday:

1. Describe current theories about how social, political, and economic institutions and processes work.

2. Explain the historical and cultural contingency of many descriptions and explanations of human behavior and institutions.

3. Evaluate assertions about how social, political, and economic institutions and processes work.

Beth Nicholas Jacob Luke

1

Designed Ecologies of the City

Climate Change: In the wake of extreme weather events, systemic failure, and unparalleled global transmutation; ecological breakdown and the increasing intensity and frequency of climatic events has made apparent the frailty of our urban regions. Once outliers, such events as Hurricane Katrina, Superstorm Sandy, Typhon Hieyon, and a perpetual drought in the west and southwest have become seasonal occurrences and reveal economically vulnerable regions and weak, outmoded, overwhelmed, or obsolete infrastructures. In the wake of extreme weather events, and with the emergence of a new geological epoch entitled the Anthropocene; we belong to an era of exponential change.

Sustainable Design in Architecture explores the issues and practices of design as it relates to natural systems, using critical readings of seminal and current texts, lectures, films, and projects that use both design and analysis as means of inquiry. The course examines varied approaches to sustainability, including using nature and wilderness as models, biophilia, biomimicry, material sources and reuse, and performance metrics. The course work couples these thematic explorations with precedents and speculative projects that investigate the application of these ideas in built form. As such, the course is designed to offer both a broad understanding of resilience via contemporary urban frameworks and a deep understanding of the varied ways one might approach resilience as a design professional.

1

Designed Ecologies of the City School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

ON GENEALOGY / REINTERPRETATION

EARTH SYSTEMS / WATERMARK

LARC 1330 DESIGNED ECOLOGIES OF THE CITY

LARC 1330 DESIGNED ECOLOGIES OF THE CITY

OVERVIEW

Migdalia Massoud Alanna

term meets instructor

Summer I 2015 MTWR 3:20-5:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

Four Semester Hours Forsyth 238 Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

term meets instructor

Summer I 2015 MTWR 3:20-5:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

Four Semester Hours Forsyth 238 Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

This course asks you to grapple with the most fundamental of questions of green design: What is nature? What is the place of humans in the natural world? What is the role design and the designer as we face the greatest challenge of our time -climate change?

A GENEALOGICAL APPROACH

OBJECTIVES WATERMARK 2013

1. Choose a compelling event, phenomenon, or product to address from the documentary: “Watermark” and, or “Manufactured Landscapes” by photographer-filmmaker team Edward Burtynsky and Jennifer Baichwal. As we bracket the Anthropocene via historic precedents, idealogies, organizations of knowledge, and methods of visualization, you are tasked with revealing an emergent form of urbanism and developing the framework with which to ground its discourse.

EARTH SYSTEMS

By course completion, students should be able to: 1. Identify and discuss critical texts, designers and theorists that address resilient urban form.

2. Explain the range and complexity of criteria used to define sustainability in design.

3. Evaluate ecological performance of the build environment by selecting among multiple criteria and methods.

2. Begin your investigation by deconstructing its socioeconomic1 and biophysical2 underpinnings. Use a genealogical approach to allow for reinterpretation. Deconstruct, reconnect, and then systematize its emergence as a construct of the ‘Great Acceleration’ and trajectory of the Anthropocene.

1 School of Architecture Northeastern University

Urban Landscape

A. Deconstruct

Physical Dimension {product specifications, materiality, location, climate, landscape, demography, species} Temporal Frequency {tidal, seasonal, daily, duration, migration, change} Spatial Manifestation {emergent patterns over time, aerial, satellite imagery}

B. Reconnect

Socioeconomic Implications Biophysical Implications

C. Systematize

Arrange in or according to a system; reduce to a system3

SCHEDULE

Week

Date

Presentation

Student Teams

Topic

w01

tue13jan fri16jan

Lecture

-

Course Overview Context: Welcome to the Athropocene

w02

tue20jan fri23jan

Lecture Colloquium

-

Resilience Glossary (the need for a common lexicon)

w03

tue27jan fri30jan

Lecture Colloquium

3,4

Disciplinary Realignment Readings 1

w04

tue03feb fri06feb

Lecture Colloquium

2,10

Scalar Shift (new resilient frameworks) Readings 2

w05

tue10feb fri13feb

Lecture Colloquium

5,9

Urban Landscape Ecology Readings 3

w06

tue17feb fri20feb

Lecture Colloquium

6,11

Urban Landscape Ecology Readings 4

w07

tue24feb fri27feb

Lecture Colloquium

7,8

Urban Landscape Ecology Readings 5

w08

tue03mar fri06mar

Lecture -

Midterm

Slide Identification + Short Essay

w09

tue10mar fri13mar

-

Spring Break Spring Break

w10

tue17mar fri20mar

Lecture Colloquium

10,3

Stratagem Readings 6

w11

tue24mar fri27mar

Lecture Colloquium

2,4

Stratagem Readings 7

w12

tue31mar fri03apr

Lecture Colloquium

5,6

Stratagem Readings 8

w13

tue07apr fri10apr

Lecture Colloquium

11,7

Stratagem Readings 9

w14

tue14apr

Lecture

-

Stratagem

3. Lecture-Colloquium: Present your genealogy in the form of Power Point or Prezi and lead the class in a robust discussion.

A documentary from filmmakers Jennifer Baichwal and Nick de Pencier, and photographer Edward Burtynsky shows water as a terraforming element and the scale of its reach, as well as the magnitude of our need and use.

SCHEDULE Week

Date

w03

tues26may

Distribute / Discuss Proposals

w04

thur04jun

Draft Submission and Discussion

w05

wed10jun thur11jun

Day 1. Lecture-Colloquium Day 2. Lecture-Colloquium

TOPICS

To introduce the holistic, comprehensive, and interlinked nature of the post-1950 changes simultanwously sweeping across the socio-economic and biophysical spheres of the Earth System, encompassing far more than climate change.

To generate a better understanding of the structure and functioning of the Earth System as a whole.

Expose the increasing human pressure on the Earth System.

To develop a systematic view of human driven changes to the Earth System.

To put forward a holistic understanding of the nature of modern societies, including mentality, behavior, and structure.

The Great Acceleration in magnitude and rate of the human imprint.

1 Socioeconomics {or social economics} is the social science that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped by social processes. In general it analyzes how societies progress, stagnate, or regress because of their local, regional, or the global economy. Socioeconomics emphasizes multidisciplinary methods from such fields as sociology, history, and political science. Socioeconomics studies the reciprocal relationship between economic science, social philosophy, ethics, and human dignity; towards a goal of social reconstruction and improvement; focusing on the social impact of economic change. Causes of socioeconomic impact include: new technologies, changes in laws, changes in the physical environment, and ecological changes; social impact of economic change includes: patterns of consumption , the distribution of incomes and wealth, the way in which people behave (in terms of purchase decisions and how they choose to spend their time), and overall quality of life.

-

2 The physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism. In other contexts environment may also be used to refer to the immediate surroundings, to a milieu or to the environs within a system or topic. The biophysical environment is all that is contained in the biosphere, which is that part of the Earth in which all life occurs.

Ecosystems, of which there are numerous types and are a defined part of the biosphere, collectively make up the whole of the biosphere. Within an ecosystem there are habitats in which an organism (including humans) exists. The biophysical environment can vary in scale from microscopic to global in extent and can also be subdivided according to its attributes such as the marine environment, the atmospheric environment and the terrestrial environment. Environmental science is the study of the interactions within the biophysical environment. Environmental Science is the study of interactions within the biophysical environment. Ecology is a sub-discipline of biology and a part of environmental sciences.

3 Oxford English Dictionary describes a system as: A set or assemblage of things connected, associated, or interdependent, so as to form a complex unity; a whole composed of parts in orderly arrangement according to some scheme or plan.

Designed Ecologies of the City

1

Designed Ecologies of the City

1

FORMATIVE STUDY {LEARNING} MODELING HYBRIDITY ANDTHE ECOLOGICAL PROCESSS

ADDRESS THE MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF SYSTEMIC VULNERABILITY ENDEMICTO CONTEMPORARY URBANISM. CORRUGATED LANDSCAPE Valencia, Spain: Corrugated landscape is a third landscape -neither rural nor urban, that acts as an underlying matrix for future growth. A rurban hybrid evolves that allows density of population to be coupled with productive fields.

Landscape surrounding urban areas is no longer rural -it has become an interface between the periphery and urban where industry and agriculture lie side by side.

This peri-urban interface is a dynamic zone that is difficult to map or categorize.

Flows of population reside and commute within and across this zone. Goods are manufactured, distributed and sold here. Orange groves and cabbage fields neighbor six story apartment buildings. Change is eminent, however pockets of hureta could be reserved, while a new landscape, -a third landscape -is needed to channel and act as an underlying matrix for growth.

Located in this urban periphery zone of medieval agricultural lands west of the Albufera, I propose an intervention of regional scale between the two pueblos of Torrent and Picanya. The huerta is vanishing quickly due to sprawl created by tourism, escalating immigration and diminishing interest in family scaled farming due to un-profitability RIDGES & FURROWS BETWEEN TORRENT & PICANYA

and globalization of agriculture. With an influx of 500,000 people in the next 30 years what was historically compact growth is now car oriented, with new highways compartmentalizing the huerta and fostering haphazard development. Unless growth is channeled Valencia will loose its agricultural heritage -a scenario occurring in most developed metropolitan regions.

Three Systems: In the case of Valencia, its peri-urban interface is defined by the length of its furthest reaching metro line, 30 miles to the south. The area has a plethora of new infrastructure -highways, distribution centers and freight and high speed rail lines. To further define zones of intervention, two additional systems are mapped along existing riparian zones and irrigation canals. Riparian buffers act as ecological corridors and filter contaminated farming and urban runoff, and linear-move irrigation retrofits antiquated medieval canals enabling increased productivity and decreased waste.

Landscape permeates new compact urban development and lofts over development to maintain continuous ecological corridors, while perforated development allows for continuous promenades of vegetation to traverse the city at multiple levels and at varying densities. Housing, public institutions, retail and office space are integrated within these threads along side futbol fields, plazas and other public amenities.

Immigration data reinterpreted to reveal socioeconomic trends. Exponential increases in immigration from Ecuador, Columbia, and Argentina, migrant labor, the globalization and industrialization of agriculture, and its regional impact upon the periphery urban landscape. Concentrated relocation by nationality is framed to expose systemic vulnerability and its multiple dimensions: the absence of low income housing, need for cultural integration, homogeneity in agriculture, sprawl, ecological breakdown, and the rapid redevelopment of the acequia -a historic and culturally significant landscape of community-operated watercourses used for irrigation.

WHO WILL LIVE HERE? IMMIGRATION BY YEAR

Of equal importance, directing your audience, deciding what information to map, and how to visualize it. Framing the narrative required the articulation and layering of relevant systems, managed opacity and use of color, while maintaining the dynamic thresholds, porosity, and interconnectivity inherent in the landscape.

Three systems opportunistically chosen to map and leverage. System One {C}: contemporary intermodal conduits and rapid transit corridors reinterpreted via Arturo Soria y Mata’s urban planning theory Ciudad Lineal and its manifestation as a district in Madrid. System Two {R}: riparian corridors as an ecological armature. System Three {L}: reappropriated watercourses of the acequia as a network for linear move irrigation.

THREE SYSTEMS CONVERGE / SITING OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERVENTION

THREE SYSTEMS CONVERGE

Material:

the matter from which a thing is or can be made / facts, information, or ideas for use in creating a book or other work.

Material Studies:

a generative tactic and heuristic process to reveal the Interrelationship of form, process, and emergence.

Gertrud Louise Goldschmidt {Gego} Material Study: Esfera, Lines, Reticuláreas

Matrix:

something (such as a situation, a set of conditions, or an environment or material) in which something else develops or forms; a surrounding medium or structure / a mold in which something is cast or shaped; something shaped like a pattern of lines and spaces.

Modelling Process / Modelling Concept

1959, 1966, 1969 Constructed from different accumulative systems of joined wire cavles, the fabric of the grid, the very weft of her “weaving,” dissolves, shifts, or fractures, leaving the subject-viewer without the unitary vantage of that which provides a sense of security and control.

Gego believed a line inhabited its own space, and as such, it was not a component in a larger work but instead it was a work by itself. Therefore in her artworks, she did not use line to represent an image; line is the image. Her use of pieces of aluminum / steel / brass joined together to create an interweaving of nets and webs exhibited her use of repetition and layering. Weaving such materials to place them at different angles to one was her process to create overlapping lines and fields of movement and endless interpretation where the visual relationship between the lines changes, creating a sense of motion.

Logic was extracted from Gego’s idea of line, space, experimentation, and reinterpreted through the screen printing process. With the addition of black paint, and addition of print layers, a gradient emerges in tone, density, and complexity. Each iteration {shift, overlay, print} when reviewed in aggregate, creates a new pattern of braids (a new form / performance). Each iteration or process adds a layer of complexity from which a new pattern emerges -braids of fluxuating density and tone.

Braid as Prototype: A new system emerges throug the insertion of a third element allowing for new levels of interpretation and new forms of organization on the site.

MATERIAL STUDY / SCREEN PRINT PROCESS MODEL: SHIFT OVERLAY PRINT REPEAT

EMERGENT FORM / BRAID AS PROTOTYPE FLUXUATING DENSITY ALONG A LINE

URBAN LANDSCAPE AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL SCAFFOLD

Collection of water, sequential reuse, filtration, and release for aquifer recharge.

Connection via continuous and patch canopy as ecological conduit and filter.

Recreation fields, trails, and gardens for stormwater infiltration and community development. The huerta as a mediator landscape between city and acequia.

Corridor development as compact growth enclosing pockets of or aligning with landscape.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND LANDSCAPE PERFORMANCE AS A METRIC FOR DESIGN AGGREGATE + OUTLIERS Modern transportation networks segregate land use and create social as well as structural voids. Within these residual spaces a new landscape is conceived as a interface between micro and macro scales.

Aggregate plus outliers refers to the landscape as a scaffold of disconnected land uses and human activity that when addressed regionally form networks that instigate design. Just as ecological flows require patches, corridors, and matrices to protect movement and habitat of various species, we must plan for new uses and connections to reinvigorate our declining urban environments. A landscape that supports the migration of ecological as well as social flows, remediates the land, and addresses the fragmentation of our cities will generate sustainable urban networks.

The site lies along the Delaware River in Northern Philadelphia between interstate 95 and State Road abutting an active distribution and manufacturing corridor. Because of its proximity to the urban context various ecological, physical, and social dynamics engage the site. States of entropy, disturbance, succession, permeability, and pliability become apparent and help to organize and inspire the access and location of remediation, development and phasing strategies. These conditions are temporal in nature and overlap to create a layering of dynamical processes.

The design builds upon the idea of overlap and is created with three primary layers or surfaces: Performance Riverfront, Wetland Plane, and Activity Terraces.

Performance Riverfront: A theatrical space for community events, eco-tainment platforms where spectator and actor engage the riverfront thread along the water and through the wetland. A porous, thin decking structure of wood and stainless steel is elevated above a new topography, each becoming less dense in areas to expose the layer beneath. This allows a range of vegetation to grow within the voids, and achieves a level of transparency blurring the organization of the layers. Over time, the materials weather and vegetation matures to transform the quality of the space, as do lighting installations during the night. These conditions distort and disrupt the surfaces of the garden, react to the dynamical processes of the site, and support daily and nightly use of the area.

Wetland Plane: Infiltration wetlands with a corrugated topography of berms and basins dissipate storm surges and decrease the velocity of combined sewage overflow during heavy rain fall as well as increase surface area. Storm water treatment trains increase cleansing capacity as well as provide riparian habitat for fish and wildlife.

Activity Terraces: A social and ecological mobility corridor allowing migration between the river and the city. These multi level planes provide opportunities for multi-purpose playing fields as well as indeterminate lawns for sunning and spectator grounds.

HYBRIDITY: PROCESS / FORM AS DESIGN FRAMEORK

HYBRID TERRAINS Phytoremediation Parcels

Stormwater Filtration Parcels

PHASE ONE VOID AS POTENTIAL

PHASE TWO DIVERT ABSORB REMEDIATE

Stormwater Treatment Train

Successional Landscape {pool, marsh, semi-wet zone}

PHASE THREE PROGRAMMABLE TIDAL WETLAND

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION AS AN OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGN WITH CHANGE ECOSYSTEM SURFACES

SUCCESSION AS AN ARMATURE OF DESIGN

CARBON POSITIVE Carbon Positive refers to the process of carbon sequestration and the productive use of marginal lands to mitigate climate change and achieve a new level of prosperity for Camden New Jersey. Through carbon emissions trading and new planting of consolidated void spaces, an organizational strategy and economic engine emerges in what was once abandoned land. Through landscape, a multifaceted strategy that combines science, economics, and planning is generated.

Located along the Delaware River, Camden has endured decades of urban decay, decimated from population loss and spotted with vacant buildings and cleared lots.

The city awaits a renaissance; however high crime rates, low educational attainment, as well as contaminated soils burden its development. Its role within the region as well as place amongst global markets is in question.

As a result of recent publications acknowledging the effects of climate change, the Kyoto Protocol limiting green house gas emissions, as well as the state sponsored Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative of 2006 a new landscape emerges from the carbon market. Through initial partnerships with local power companies, silviculture of marginal spaces creates revenue through carbon credits, remediate’s contaminated soil, provides recreational benefits, as well as reduces GHGs. With carbon trading as a catalyst, over time new program evolves in these voids dependent upon topography, density of vegetation, adjacency with urban form, land use and social need. Over time passive recreational use as well as programmed fields, promenades, and urban development replace densely planted tree plantations, while slow growth forests and prairies emerge in ecological corridors and swales.

1. AGGREGATE BLIGHTED PROPERTY / CONSOLIDATE MARGINALIZED LAND Spatiotemporal Land Use Reorganization: Designing for Change

130 Acres +

0-2 Acres

10-70 Acres

2-10 Acres

CARBON SEQUESTRATION AS A SCAFFOLD TO ORGANIZE LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATION

2. PRIORITIZE ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS Reappropriate Existing Infrastructure

URBAN SILVICULTURE + CARBON SEQUESTRATION Ecological and Methodological Hybridity: Modelling New Design Frameworks

3. CULTIVATE URBAN SILVICULTURE Establish Management Regimes

4. PROPOGATE / PROTECT / HARVEST / REGRADE Address Systemic Vulnerability Leverage Ecological Succession

ENGAGE CARBON MARKET / STATE LEVEL INITIATIVES June 2006: Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: Reduction of carbon through cap and trade program

5. RESILIENT ARMATURES FOR CLIMATE ADAPTATION Urban Wilds and Wild Urbanism

INDETERMINANT URBANISM Spatial relations unaffected by the continuous change of shape or size

Silviculture and Succession as an Armature of Design

UNTHINK, CHALLENGE,AND REIMAGINETHE FUNDAMENTAL LANGUAGE OF DESIGN

SEQUENTIAL SECTIONS PROJECT

DEVELOP MODELS WITH WHICHTO ACCOMMODATE BOUNDARYBLURRING PHENOMENA

SEQUENTIAL SECTIONS CUT & FILL

SEEING LANDSCAPE I became absorbed in the unnatural aspects of this natural setting; or specifically its underlying infrastructure as an understanding of the vertical history of the Wissahickon.

A plethora of manholes emerge from the landscape and register a hidden sewer line that traverses the area. This discovery embodies the concept of an altered landscape.

An inverse elevation defines the area between the sewage line and the landscape above, of which I extruded a new datum that conveys the section between the two.

A New Form Emerges: Just as infrastructure is defined by utilitarian methods, a new logic defines this path. Various platforms become interventions and engage the slope, topography, and span of the path.

Platforms become a new datum from which the boundaries of my form lie. These platforms become a series of points across the Wissahickon that engage the land, reveal a buried infrastructure and celebrate our altered, urbanized landscape.

FLUX, FLOW, MOTION, MIGRATION,AND DISTURBANCE: MODELING CHANGE.

SEQUENTIAL SECTIONS SPAN

DESIGNING WITH NATURE,TODAY MEANS DESIGNING FOR CHANGE TOMORROW

FIELD TRIANGULATION

WATER ASTHE SIXTH BOROUGH One Prize Finalist, Blue Rings, 2011

DESIGN AS RESEARCH {SYNTHESIS}

Rings 2011 Finalist One Prize: Water as the Sixth Borough

Blue Network Education with Nature Botanic Gardens Education with Nature Bronx Zoo Education with Nature Ecological Recreation

Blue Ring Network: Iconic Continuous Catalyst for Sustainability

Education with Nature The City & the Watery Edge

Rings are continuous and harmonious connectivity. While New York City prides itself on its magnificent structural skyline, it is the fluidity of NYC’s 6th Borough (The Waterways) that joins all the boroughs to create the “World’s City.” The Blue Ring Network conceptualizes NYC’s 6th Borough as a continuous conduit to realigning NYC’s self-awareness with the natural environment. A city that not only inspires the world in every direction, but links all transportation in synchronicity with a dynamic landscape. The Blue Ring Network conveys a paradigm shift for all cities to follow; no longer will urban centers be regarded as congested, but rather deemed as effortlessly mobile. Social media will be readily available to educate and provide important information to the public at all transport hubs. By utilizing NYC’s greatest asset, “The Waterways,” the Blue Ring Network represents the future of Green transport and urban unification.

Education with Nature Adaptive Ecology

Electric Car City

Cleantech Industry City

Cleantech Industry City

International Pavillions

+

Science City

+

Academic Village Worlds Fair Re interpreted

Disconnected Green Space

Over-extended Infrastructure

Living Village Gowanus Terraces

Gaia Aesthetics of Sustainability Hall of Civilization

Hall of Civilization

New York: An Assemblage of Icons

Continuous Waterways

Inter-mobile Exchange

Cleantech Landscape

1 2 3

Icon Illuminated 1964 Worlds Fair ACADEMIC VILLAGE Governors Island

3 Tiers of Color 1979 Bicentennial

A source of communication, directionality, and social awareness

Governors Island Gateway Illuminated 2014

Soissons Landing

NY Harbor School Fiberoptic Marsh

Liggett Terrace Events Pavillion Academmic Village

Yankee Landing

A Fiber Optic Marsh that monitors pollution levels in the bay. Optic Strands translate data into dynamic luminosity.

GATEWAY: GOVERNORS ISLAND EDUCATION WITH NATURE Bronx River Sequence

Van Cortlandt Park New York Botanical Garden

Bronx Zoo

Sound View Park

Bronx Electric Car City

The Bronx River Corridor is punctuated with a sequence of overlooks, terraces, and steps. Each intervene and frames the landscape, providing an opportunity to engage and ponder what is nature and what is ecological recreation.

BRONX RIVER: THE CITY AND THE WATERY EDGE

RETROFITTING THE AMERICAN WEST Traveling Exhibition A+D Museum Los Angeles Drylands Design in an Age of Change: Visionary Proposals for a Water Scarce Future Managing permanent crisis in a positive way: We are confronted with an emerging set of Interlinking crisis’ -The Water, Food, Energy and Climate nexus confronting America’s urban-agrarian landscape speaks to the discourse of ecological urbanism, the convergence of disciplines (architecture, landscape architecture, engineering and urban planning) and expanded agency of the designer. The Texas Panhandle exemplifies such a landscape, and it is within this context of interrelated emerging global risk and corresponding weak urbanism (suburban regionalism + sprawl) that my research is framed.

RE-CULTIVATING THE FOREST CITY First Prize, FORMCities Design Competition 2010 Re-Cultivating the Forest City, 2011 At its economic and political height during the mid-20th century, the city of Cleveland proper had a population of nearly 1 million people and was building and investing in infrastructural and civic projects for projected growth that would double the city’s population before the turn of the century. Instead, the industrial economy quickly evaporated and the population declined by more than half its 1950s high (est. 430,000 in 2009), leaving a vast swath of post-industrial land at the geographic center of the city.

This vacant territory is directly tied to Cleveland’s two most significant natural features – its Lake (Erie) and its River (Cuyahoga). The well-known environmental degradation of these two water bodies was the direct result of the now lost industrial vitality of the City and Region. And while both of these water bodies are notorious for significant environmental issues in their recent history, both have stabilized and

by most accounts have significantly improved from an ecological and environmental perspective. However, in an ironic twist of fate, the improvement in the ecological health of the Lake and River has occurred just as the City’s economic and social health has commensurately deteriorated. Our project proposes to correct this relationship, by advancing the City’s economy through the active enhancement of its ecology and its urban infrastructure by modifying and managing the lower Cuyahoga River Valley.

The industrial valley’s position at the center of the municipal territory, rather than at its periphery, is a distinguishing characteristic that allows any transformation of the area to have a direct reciprocal impact on the core of the city. Additionally, what makes this territory fertile ground for intervention is that just south of the burnt-out landscape of the lower valley lays the equally spectacular, lush, green canopy of the Cuyahoga Valley National Park which is home to the deep forests, rolling hills, and open farmlands that comprise the upland areas of the Cuyahoga River, as well as other

landscapes of cultural and historic significance such as the Ohio-Erie Canal.

Re-Cultivating the Forest City looks to reclaim and re-imagine the entirety of the 12,480-acre lower Cuyahoga River Valley, from the terminus of the National Park at the territory’s southern edge, north to the river’s mouth near downtown Cleveland at the shores of Lake Erie. Our approach utilizes a strategy of productive re-colonization, combining economic, ecological and social initiatives to transform the lower Cuyahoga River Valley into a new River Landscape Infrastructure that enhances and expands the ecological value of the river corridor, while simultaneously serving to reorient the economy and urban form of the City of Cleveland.

In collaboration with Christopher Marcinkoski

LITTLE PINK HOUSES Published, Land Art Generator Initiative Open Competition, Freshkills Park, New York, NY, 2012 The average home in the U.S. is 2,422 square feet; consumes 32 kilowatt-hours of electricity each day; and produces 4,109 pounds of garbage each year, which will generate 18,000 cubic feet of landfill gas over the next 15-25 years.

From 1947-2001, nearly all of New York City’s garbage went to Staten Island’s 2,200acre Fresh Kills Landfill, the largest landfill in the world at the time. The landfill was sealed with a state-of-the-art cap infrastructure intended to not only permanently quarantine the garbage pile and safely control its volatile decomposition process, but to harness the nearly 10 million cubic feet of methane-based landfill gas generated each day. The complex network of wells and pipes under the landfill cap sequester gas that is then refined for daily domestic energy use by nearly 30,000 New York and New Jersey homes.

Little Pink Houses is a 95-acre energy-generating interactive public art installation and recreational public realm amenity consisting of 211 inflatable houses. The houses are distributed along resurfaced existing East Park landfill maintenance roads – including a cul-de-sac – to produce the spatial effects of a suburban residential landfill neighborhood.

Each of the 5 inflatable house prototypes is 2,422 SF and generates 32 kWh of solar power each day through rooftop photovoltaic fabric panels, effectively acting as surrogate energy offsets for exactly 211 “real” average American homes.

The inflatables are constructed in the same fashion as standard commercial doublebladder bio-gas storage systems. The core bladder safely stores 18,000 cubic feet of landfill gas pumped directly from the hundreds of nearby monitoring wells on site, while the outer inflatable shell-bladder acts as a protective air-filled buffer constantly pressurized by a solar powered (bouncy castle) fan. All 211 of the 18,000 cubic-foot core bladders can be fully inflated with only 40% of the landfill gas extracted from the Fresh Kills Landfill during an average day. The suburb can be constructed (inflated) over a period of weeks, or “go up overnight”.

Little Pink Houses visitors can access the site from the nearby Staten Island Mall parking lot and proceed through an inflatable community gate where they are able to choose from a collection of 211 complimentary recreational vehicles for use exploring the suburb. Visitors are free to traverse the site on limey-green bikes, skateboards, big-wheels, scooters and wagons. Play, picnic and other recreational elements are additionally distributed throughout the neighborhood, including swing-sets, trampolines and swimming pools.

In collaboration with Christopher Marcinkoski

WEEKEND FUN ON FRESHKILLS PLACE CIRCLE

PARQUE CARACAS LA CARLOTA Agua Alta / High Water Agua Alta aspires to not only transform the Francisco de Miranda military air base into a world-class civic amenity, but also looks to create a new hybrid hydrological and ecological infrastructure that supports the entire city of Caracas. Aeropuerto La Carlota sits at a strategic location within the metropolitan region. Its position between Roberto Burle Marx’s renowned Parque del Este to the north and the unpredictable, polluted sewer that is the Rio Guaire to the south suggests solely building a conventional green park is not an efficient use of the airport’s 103 hectares. Instead, we choose to see the conversion of the airport as a catalyst for a larger transformation of the entirety of the Rio Guaire corridor within the city’s limits.

floods by intentionally shaping the land to receive the rising waters of the river. This sculpted ground is able to accommodate a significant volume of water – slowing the overall current of the river to the east– and at the same time, capturing the floodwaters for “natural” processing and transfer into a new metropolitan micro-reservoir. In addition, the “high ground” produced by this topographic shaping creates venues that are protected from potential mud slides, as well as can accommodate temporary housing areas should a natural disaster befall the city. A resurfaced runway acts as a datum against which this shaping of the ground is measured – and would be usable should the need arise.

Acknowledging the current initiative to build a series of water treatment facilities that will process some water flowing into the river, we suggest that simply cleaning the waters of the Rio Guaire is not enough. The threat from the river is as much its sanitary deficiencies, as its propensity for violent, destructive floods.

The lush, dramatic “park” landscape of our proposal is noteworthy on its own.

However, the project’s capacity to provide flood mitigation, water filtration, temporary disaster relief, and a micro reservoir for the city all in combination with a one of kind urban public realm represents a compelling vision of what a 21st century metropolitan park can be.

Yet, the river is the spine along which the metropolis is oriented, and is in dire need of adequate space to stretch and expand. We see the conversion of the airport as the catalyst for a larger transformation of the entirety of the river corridor within the metropolitan region. Here, the Guaire has the capacity to become the most important civic space in Caracas – a line that nits together the city’s individual neighborhoods, diverse cultures, competing politics and range of socio-economic classes.

As such, we propose to transform the La Carlotta territory into a green infrastructural landscape that is able to negotiate – and take advantage of – the Guaire’s seasonal

In collaboration with Christopher Marcinkoski

LATENT SPECTACULAR Reclaiming Helsinki’s South Harbour Helsinki’s South Harbour has the potential to become a world-class urban waterfront, cited alongside Copenhagen, Barcelona, Rio, Sydney and Hong Kong as among the most spectacular waterside public realms in the world.

However, at present the harbour exists primarily as a working facility -a highly fragmented, disorienting tangle of streets, trolley lines, ferry queues, staging zones and restricted access areas all comprising a limited-access water’s edge. Even the harbour’s most successful public facility, the market, is dominated by automobile parking and servicing, leaving the public realm of the South Harbour a residual afterthought.

The proposal takes an existing situation and transforms it through six primary operations that place a priority on the harbour’s civic space: 1) Separate port service traffic from local traffic; 2) Extend the city to the water; 3) Create continuous, legible public waterfront access; 4) Animate the waterfront through a collection of discrete landscape types; 5) Provide generous, over-scaled bespoke urban furnishing; and 6) Anchor the new waterfront with four cultural icons.

Individually, these are not radical moves. When considered collectively, however,

PINE-SPRUCE GROVE AT FINNISH GARDENS

these six operations create a complete reorientation and re-imagination of the role of the South Harbour within Helsinki’s metropolitan core.

The result is a generous, active, spectacular public realm that takes advantage of Helsinki and Finland’s unique cultural, physiological, and climatic heritage to create a timeless environment that will become the city’s most recognizable and important public space for both residents and tourists alike. The proposal retains and enhances the working port facilities, while creating a more contemporary platform for engaging and enjoying the historic harbour landscape.

Simply put, our proposal transforms the South Harbour into Helsinki’s open front door -the place where the city and its people welcome the world.

In collaboration with Christopher Marcinkoski

FLOATING THERMAL POOL AT OLD MARKET

OVERVIEW OF SOUTH HARBOUR

CIRCULATION

LAWN + GARDEN

DISTRICTS

01: GRID LATTICE: A new framework for the site- a grid lattice that organizes all of the many different parts of the campus. The lattice also orients the campus, though the use of strong, linear north-south lines, and more broken, irregular east-west links. The lattice is an organizer, but it also facilitates all movement and pathways across the site.

Importantly, the lattice is also a structure that can be flexibly implemented in phases over time - as in a growing matrix.

02: ARBOREAL CANOPY: A new arboreal canopy across the site - a loose grid of tree lines, graining north-south. Composed of mixed tropical species, both native and exotic, the trees offer a strong spatial structure as well as seasonally dynamic expression (bloom schedules and foliage color) between the wet and dry seasons. The trees have the effect of creating a total environment, avoiding the present-day sense of fragmentation, building objects and empty spaces. As with the lattice, the trees are also implementable in phases over time, and can be planted alternately in lines, or in bosques or in groves.

Plaza: A unifying carpet that connects KIST with the community via gradients of permeability of surface and canopy. This unique green system of plaza, path, garden and canopy constitutes the circulation within the campus and promotes exchange between the community and the institution through east/west connecting corridors.

Varying scales of space allow for protest or performance as well as privacy for reflection and intimate study.

03: SOCIAL ROOMS: A series of social rooms, cut out as clearings and sun-filled spaces. These spaces include furnishing and amenity to support uses such as sitting (alone or in groups), meetings and discussions, sunning, eating lunch, even performance and working out. These spaces are again implementable in phases over time, and can be prioritized in relationship to specific building uses and site development.

This gradient of landscapes organizes the campus into academic, residential, commercial, sports and recreation districts. Each district becomes a platform to enable future growth.

LIVING HERBARIUM Rwanda, Kiglani Institute of Science & Technology A Vision For A New Campus: What environment would best befit a 21st century technology,science & research campus?

Contemporary trends in higher education and research suggest increasing movements toward flexibility; flexible time, flexible programs, and flexible arrangements. Today’s students as well as professionals are moving from a 5 day a week, 8am to 8pm campus, to a seven-day-a-week total environment, with different groups of students, researchers and employees coming and going at different times.

This contemporary campus environment is much more than just classroom, office and lab space; many campuses today are creating a broader provision of social spaces, recreational amenities and lifestyle enhancing programs. Here, both the interior and exterior spaces are designed to support varied environments with which to think and work, moving around with one’s laptop to an environment of choice, or arranging a break-out or think-tank meeting with a select group in a different place from the dayto-day classroom/conference room, or taking time out to enjoy a stroll or jog, to read, or chat. Many new campus environments include children’s day care, running paths, nature areas, gardens for art, reflection and conversation, and many other amenities that make it both productive and fun to be at school or work. And as many institutions today are competing to attract and retain the very best intellectual and creative talent from around the world, the design of campus environments is proving one of the most critical factors in building a world-class research and education culture.

For the new KIST campus, the design concept proposes a radical transformation of the current site of under-utilized buildings and empty spaces to a new environment filled with trees, meadows, pathways, and generously furnished social places, such as gardens, courts, terraces, and plazas. The site becomes a series of permeable softscapes (lawn, meadow, plantings, bosques, and permeable paving). This means that all rainwater that falls on the site is returned to the natural water table, avoiding run-off in engineered pipes. It also means that a majority of the site area is given over to new outdoor social uses, with much of that area under the shade of canopy trees.

Biodiversity is increased greatly from the present situation as the campus becomes a living herbarium.

Taken together, these three physical design strategies are organizational, flexible, growable, dynamic, and eventful. They create a campus environment for the 21st century creative student/professional -a place for learning, work, movement, collective dialogue, exchange, fun, social enrichment and ecological sustainability.

A cohesive landscape strategy of plaza and planting gradients provides the infrastructural support, public space, and ecology suitable for a 21st century technology, science and research campus.

Bosque: Semi-private academic linear corridors of flowering canopy and lawn provide the main north/south circulation and provide meeting spaces for lecture and discussion.

Promenade: KISTs main mall is its central processional spine linking disciplines along a common corridor. North/south circulators act as a linear sequences of approach along which are organized varying academic functions.

In collaboration with Sierra Bainbridge

AFRICAN TEXTILES

BURLE MARX TEXTURE

HYBRID FLOOR

PRAXIS {APPLICATION OFTHEORY} PORT FIELD OPERATIONS

OVERPASS+ / UNDERPASS CROSS-SECTION EXISTING / PROPOSED Olive Blvd. / Barham Blvd.

RAIL TO RIVER REDONDO JUNCTION OASIS CROSS-SECTION EXISTING / PROPOSED Washington Blvd. / Redondo Junction

LA RIVER GREENWAY 2020 Five Modes of Strategic Transformation LA River Greenway 2020 is the LA River Revitalization Corporation’s campaign to work with public and private partners to complete a continuous 51-mile Greenway along the LA River by the year 2020. Passing through 13 cities and numerous jurisdictions, the project has the potential to catalyze an unprecedented transformation of the LA River into a one-of-a-kind civic, ecological and recreational public realm amenity and is the key to creating a regional non-motorized transportation corridor in Los Angeles County.

PORT’s pre-planning study: 1) Inventories the intermittently distributed existing public bike paths and trails along the LA River; 2) Defines the new Greenway path segments needed to fill in the gaps between existing public paths/bikeways in order to complete a 51-mile continuous riverfront public realm; and 3) Identifies opportunities and develops case studies for strategic design interventions that will allow the Greenway to perform multiple civic roles/uses; generate public/ private project support.

In order for the Greenway to perform urbanistically as more than a bike path, but as a civic, recreational and mobility spine for Los Angeles, the Greenway 2020 project aims to transform the existing LA Riverfront according to five strategic modes of operation: 01: CONNECT At its most fundamental configuration, the LA River Greenway transforms the existing maintenance roads running continuously along the South/West edges of the LA River into a new connective public realm amenity defined by parallel bicycle and pedestrian paths accompanied by a custom suite of consistently specified vegetation types, edge conditions, bespoke urban furnishings and graphics. These new connective sections of the Greenway will serve to link between, or extend from, the existing LA River Bike Paths in order to create a seamless 51-Mile LA River Greenway.

02: CAPITALIZE Because of its right-of-way dimension, immediate river adjacency and long uninterrupted expanses, the new LA River Greenway project capitalizes on a strategic and consistent transformation of the existing LA River maintenance roads over a vast majority of its proposed length. However, there are numerous obstacles that must be negotiated along the way that inevitably represent moments of greater

capital investment, including new excavated tunnels and bridges. These moments of increased investment represent opportunities to leverage infrastructural necessity into points of civic and artistic capital along the river: a cafe in a bridge, a glowing neon art installation on an electrical-power pylon, an interactive tunnel lit by motion-sensor LEDs. 03: PUNCTUATE Moments of punctuation occur where opportunities are identified for the Greenway to connect, support, remediate, or amplify adjacent small-scale local uses or conditions.

For instance, a residential street currently terminating in a fenced-off dead-end as it meets the river maintenance road could easily transform into a neighborhoodwide Greenway access point. However, these charged moments along the Greenway have the potential to become even more pronounced. A former dead-end road can become a Greenway access point, but also extend across the path toward the river, down a vegetated and terraced overlook embankment, to a canoe launch and bait shop at the water’s edge.

04: THICKEN Moments of thickening occur where opportunities are identified for the Greenway to connect, support, remediate, or amplify large-scale adjacent uses or conditions. For instance, thickened zones of the Greenway can be proposed to expand the public realm of the river to meet nearby public parks or other civic amenities.

05: EXPAND The LA River Greenway will not only offer millions of Los Angeles area residents the opportunity to utilize the formerly inaccessible ecological and recreational resource literally running through their back yard, but will serve as the primary mobility circuit connecting residents across LA to countless new neighborhoods and destinations by acting as the primary spine connecting and synthesizes numerous existing and proposed sub-networks of street bike-lanes in cities, neighborhoods and townships along the river.

In collaboration with Port Architecture + Urbanism

BROADWAY CONNECTOR CROSS-SECTION PROPOSED N. Broadway Ave. / Elysian Park / The Cornfields

BROADWAY CONNECTOR ABOVE N. Broadway Ave. / Elysian Park / The Cornfields

BROADWAY CONNECTOR BELOW N. Broadway Ave. / Elysian Park / The Cornfields

KINETIC TUBE

CITY LOOP: ONE LOOP, LIMITLESS POSSIBILITIES Denver City Park, Reimagine Play Proposal, Selected City Loop is a proposal for a new multi-generational civic space within Denver’s City Park is based upon a distributed, fully accessible mobility loop defining a one-of-akind intergenerational recreational landscape. The half-mile-long mobility loop (ideal for walking, running, rolling, riding) creates a continuously re-definable circuit of engagement and activity.

The vibrantly colored surface of the mobility loop is paralleled by a kinetic tube that bends, folds, inflates and twists into a variety of activity pods. These pod enclosures and frames draw activity from the mobility loop and the park beyond by creating distinct micro-environments for play and social interaction. However, the physical form of the pods is intentionally abstract, inviting engagement by people of all ages and abilities.

This thickened perimeter of movement, activity, planting and social interaction also serves to frame a large, 8-acre central lawn that allows for the kinetic activities of the Loop to extend to the interior of the site area.

The project promotes public health on many levels — physical, social, cultural — while serving to enhance the physical beauty of the existing park. The varied, flexible and diverse nature of the City Loop proposal offers a 21st century view of what a public landscape can be and strives to establish a new precedent in contemporary civic amenities for the City of Denver.

In collaboration with Port Architecture + Urbanism

CITY LOOP / DENVER CITY PARK

LOOP SEQUENCING

THE LANDING: FURNISHING ELEMENTS

THE LANDING

PROMENADE

KING ABDULLAH CITY OF ATOMIC AND RENEWABLE ENERGY Wadi / Saudi Landscape as Urbanism Landscape Performance Research, Recreation & Regrowth Wadi: a valley, ravine, or channel that is dry except in the rainy season.

Wadiscape: The urban landscape takes its origin, identity and inspiration from the dramatic topography and transformative nature of the wadi; a valley or ephemeral stream in Arabic. Simultaneously posing great challenges and opportunities, the wadi’s protective structure, meandering flow, and ability to mitigate the effects of drought and deluge inspires a performative, multi-purpose landscape that acts as infrastructure, supports sustainable climate control, encourages active and healthy lifestyles, and provides a platform for research.

PROTECT

PIXILATION: With very limited water resources for irrigation, planting must focus on minimizing planted surface and its irrigation needs while maximizing its perceived coverage. Through strategies of pixilation and compartmentalization of varying scale and density a vegetation pattern is achieved which accomplishes both.

Promenade Typology: In response to its topographic condition, where city edge meets desert, a series of urban amenities peel, project, thicken and connect the promenade with the wadi valley. Passive strolling and seating space, extended linear plaza, terracing, informal recreation fields and elevated overlooks diversify ones experience along the promenade.

PLAY

In collaboration with Supermass Studio

GROW

District Air Conditioning

Amenity Landscape

District Cooling Plant Cooling Tower Geothermal Evaporation Treatment Wetland Wadi

WADI LANDSCAPES

SOUTH HUDAYRIATE ISLANDS Diversity and the Water’s Edge

THE COASTAL LANDSCAPES OF THE SOUTH HUDAYRIAT ISLANDS

The South Hudayriate Islands will be a new ecologically rich center of Abu Dhabi -a 21st Century development that celebrates uniquely social neighborhoods, distinctive cultural amenities, innovative sustainability principles, environmental education and marine and coastal biodiversity.

Much diversity in nature occurs at interfaces, especially between land and water -and between land and marine waters in particular. The South Hudayriat Islands site includes numerous edge habitats in coastal scrub, coastal white sands, salt marsh, mangrove, sand and mud flat.

In addition to these coastal landscapes, sea grass, which is often intermingled with marine algae, supports a variety of important wildlife. Sea grass beds are often also associated with mangroves, and many species show complex ecological interdependencies with both of these habitats. For mangroves, sea grass fulfils an important function, stabilizing sediment and dampening wave and current activity, thereby creating conditions in which mangroves can thrive. Multifunctional landscapes and habitats such as these cultivate biodiversity, human health and wellbeing, climate and pollution attenuation, eco-education and scenic beauty.

Success of the islands depends on four key elements. One: Design and construction of island edges and topography from sea floor to high point; Two: Soil, water and salt management techniques that make biodiversity and fecundity possible in the desert; Three: Connectivity and scale of habitat needed to support plentiful wildlife; And Four: A range of animated settings for social, outdoor life -twelve months of the year.

With Richard Kennedy, James Corner Field Operations RESIDENTIAL LOT DISTRIBUTION

SIX LANDSCAPE STRATEGIES

1 PRESERVE ECOLOGICAL ASSETS

2 PROTECT WATER QUALITY

3 OPTIMIZE BEACH FRONTS

4 ENSURE CLEAR NAVIGATION

5 CREATE CONNECTIVE GREEN NETWORK

6 DIVERSIFY PUBLIC REALM

SURFSIDE DRIVE Bridgehampton, New York Nested within the dune landscape of Bridgehampton, the client wished to maintain the beach houses’ low profile and connection to the ground. However, with the addition of a satelite cottage and desire for a contemporary landscaped approach -a marraige between architecture and landscape/between wild dunescape and designed path was forged.

Expanding the usefulness and sociability of the front lawn as well as acknowledging the process and sequence of approach instigated three design propposals. Each proposal, The Dune, Pool, and Deck Approach celebrates aspects of the natural wild ecology as well as expands the use of the space.

Each scheme integrates architecture within landscape to achieve a seamless transition between original and new construction and interior and exterior spaces.

With Richard Kennedy, James Corner Field Operations

THE DUNE APPROACH

THE POOL

THE DUNE

QIAN HAI WATER CITY SHENZEN, CHINA Qian Hai district of Shenzhen -a new city that is dense, compact, mixed, sustainable, and centered around the area’s most important resource -water.

MANGROVE NURSERY SEQUENTIAL RE-USE OF SUB-SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE

The great opportunity in the Qian Hai district is the occasion to embrace the water as the defining feature of the territory’s identity. This watery identity is not solely about a cliche view of the harbour, but an approach to processing, remediating, and enhancing the water on site and in the harbour that is environmentally innovative, while simultaneously generating a wide range of watery urban environments throughout the territory’s 18 square kilometers. In considering Qian Hai, Shenzhen should aspire to create a waterfront city that rivals Hong Kong, Sydney, Vancouver and Barcelona in its quality, character and globally recognizable physical, economic and cultural identity.

Given this aspiration, the successful planning proposal for Qian Hai cannot resort to convention, privileging buildings over landscape, or infrastructure over ecology.

Rather the successful urban plan must outline a strategy that synthesizes these systems in order to create a robust and resilient urban matrix capable of continual adaptation, transformation and revision.

This design proposal achieves this synthesis in a memorable, creative and realizable way. The proposal breaks down the massive territory of the site into five manageable development subdistricts through the introduction of five Water Fingers that extend along the line of the existing rivers and channels, connecting the adjacent city perpendicular to the water’s edge. These Fingers hybridize an innovative hydrological infrastructure and an iconic public realm, serving to process and remediate on site water, while simultaneously expanding the amount of development frontage and creating a series of public open spaces that structure and organize the development of the overall Qian Hai territory.

The urban fabric within each development sub-district takes the scale of the typical Shenzen block as a cue, but breaks it down further through the introduction of a tertiary network of roadways and open space corridors in order to promote pedestrian movement, avoid the isolation of the super-block format, and generate a diverse range of urban neighborhoods within each sub-district.

WATER CITY / WATERFRONT

ECO-CAMPUS MANGROVE NURSERY

The result is a hyper-dense, ecologically sensitive urban territory that offers an iconic waterfront, diverse building stock, cultural and recreational destinations, as well as a series of one-of-a-kind public open spaces that are all easily accessible from any point within Qian Hai.

SHUANGJIE WATER FINGER

In order to embrace the water as the defining feature of the Qian Hai territory’s identity two structural modifications must be made to the existing site in order to improve the ecological and aesthetic quality of the harbour.

PERFORMANCE TERRACES

The first is processing and filtering the water entering the harbour from the existing channels and rivers in order to improve its quality/. To accomplish this, we propose the introduction of a series of 5 mega-scale water filtration fingers that function as remediation infrastructures for the entire site, processing both the water flowing through the channels and rivers, as well as the storm water run off of the entire 1804 hectares.

The second structural modification involves increasing the overall water circulation in the harbour since it has been significantly diminished by the introduction of the Dachan Port. This increased circulation is accomplished by mechanically pumping water from the Pearl River beyond into the northern zone of the harbour in order to continuously flush out the idle waters sitting in the harbour. The velocity and impact of the flush is increased by introducing a new series of wetland habitats along the waterfront promenade that continuously filters the harbour water and serves to direct the overall flow of the flush.

Without improving the overall water quality of the harbour, the Qian Hai territory will never reach it’s full potential as a globally recognizable urban center.

With Christopher Marcinkoski, James Corner Field Operations

GUIMIAO WATER FINGER

EVENT LAWNS

THE DOCKS

QianHai Water City, Shenzen, China:

LANDSCAPE STRATEGIES

PLAYSCAPE PARQUE URBANO DE VALDEBEBAS PLAYSCAPE offers a sustainable site strategy – It is anchored by a series of ravines that provide natural site drainage, and supports a diversity of native flora and nesting grounds for wildlife. The ravines feature a transect of ecosystems native to the region, from broad leaf and coniferous forests at the upper reaches, through maquis, garigue, and steppe landscapes, to sand dunes and wetlands at the lower reaches, all of which culminate in a lake, while the terraces between the ravines are planted with a variety of drought tolerant meadow forbes, wildflowers, and grasses.

PLAYSCAPE corresponds to the city – It is lined with varied edges and connectors that respond to the surrounding urban fabric. The primary park entry is across from the new (proposed) commuter train station, welcoming park goers with a visitor center, kiosks, and event space. The majestic umbrella pine is fitted with small fog machines, cooling the entry plaza and producing a beautiful light quality. Moving north, the entry plaza stretches into an undulating promenade activated by interactive features, kiosks, boat and bike rental, play areas, bathing and tanning decks, furniture, and lighting.

The promenade is planted with various showy flowering fruit trees. The western edge is marked by a path and future tram line, allowing convenient access to Forest Park.

The tram line, which loops around the entire park, has three stations along the western edge of the park. The Forest Park entry plaza station is situated at the highest point of the site, and is fitted with kiosks, and observation decks. Facing the expo center on the southern edge of the park is a large flowering tree bosque parking lot.

THE PROMENADE

PLAYSCAPE is a mirror of the city – It is engaging, entertaining, it is smart ecologically, always renewing itself, offering endless fluid experiences to its visitors.

PLAYSCAPE is organized by three dominant layers 1. The Ravines – natural site drainage and ecological habitat corridors, 2. The Terraces – wide flat areas that accommodate programs and 3. The Promontory Edges – the park interface with the surrounding urban fabric.

With Megan Born, James Corner Field Operations ENTRY PLAZA

PLAY TERRACE

THE POOLS

RE-IMAGINING PUBLIC SQUARE THE WEB Public Square is a ten-acre public open space at the historic and geographic center of downtown Cleveland; originally laid out as a New England town commons by the Connecticut Land Company in the 1790’s as part of their expansion into the Western Reserve. Since that time, the Square has undergone a variety of transformations and modifications reflecting Cleveland’s evolution from agrarian outpost, to industrial icon, to Rust Belt exemplar, to its emerging renaissance today. The result is a central public open space that has lost its role and format as the true civic core of Cleveland and Northeast Ohio.

One: Unify the Square through the introduction of large-scale infrastructural lattice that is capable of supporting vertical gardens, modifiable program kiosks, as well as sustainable infrastructure systems related to energy, water and greenhouse gas mitigation;

The reconfiguration and renovation of Public Square represents the ideal opportunity to link disparate downtown developments into a cohesive urban landscape, punctuated by an iconic civic core. By creating and eventful, memorable public venue at the heart of the Downtown, Cleveland can reestablish the pedestrian as the primary actor in the city, finally shifting away from the car first, transit second, pedestrian third mentality of the past century. The proposed reconfiguration of Public Square is not just about the residents and businesses present in Cleveland today, but is about re-positioning Cleveland as one of the Great Lakes/Mid-West region’s premier place to live and work tomorrow.

Three: Unify the Square using pedestrian desire lines and the existing topography to generate a web-like landform that bridges over the Ontario-Superior intersection to create a single pedestrian green space at the core of Public Square, along with more intimately scaled plazas at the edges.

Public Square today is characterized by over-scaled vehicular corridors, a disconnected public realm, omnipresent transit impacts including redundant waiting areas, and visual disconnect across the Square because of inappropriate or mis-scaled planting.

In order to take full advantage of the true potential of Public Square, any proposal for its redesign will necessitate both a physical and perceptual transformation in order to overcome what are real and perceived limitations to its role as the premier civic space in Cleveland.

The fundamental challenge of Public Square is making a single civic place out of what is currently a series of disconnected sidewalks, plazas and crosswalks. Despite the numerous reasons to advocate the closing of the two main arteries -Ontario Street and Superior Avenue -that traverse the site, a number of logistical issues prevents this simple solution. However, the continued presence of these two roadways does not necessarily preclude making one square out of four. In order to provoke fresh thinking for its reconfiguration, three scenarios were developed.

HOW DO YOU MAKE ONE SQUARE OUT OF FOUR? UNIFY THE SQUARE

Two: Unify the Square by flooding the space with a forest of native trees. The resultant canopy serves to reconfigure the Square as a single great lawn surrounded by the forest canopy;

WEB SCENARIO: The preferred scenario for the reconfiguration of Public Square involves the creation of a web-like landform that links the four quadrants of the existing square by bridging over the intersection of Ontario Street and Superior Avenue at its center, allowing for transit and vehicular accommodations to remain beneath, while simultaneously providing for unobstructed pedestrian circulation between the major destinations in and around Public Square. The upper portions of the mound would become a contemporary reinterpretation of the town green replete with grasses and meadows, while four perimeter coves at street level would provide active public plaza spaces appropriately scaled and programmed for the adjacent buildings. These street level plazas would be animated by small revenue generating retail facilities (coffee shop, news stand, etc.) tucked beneath the mound rising above, and by the waiting facilities for the Bus Rapid Transit connecting Public Square to the desirable and vibrant University Circle district.

This scheme is flexible, and can function with Ontario Street and Superior Avenue left open as is current, or with the one or both of the roadways in temporary or permanent closure.

With Christopher Marcinkoski, James Corner Field Operations

FRAME

FOREST

WEB

THE WEB

FOREST PLAZA

LANDSCAPE HEIRARCHY

THE RING

MIAMI MUSEUM PLAZA The Ring Trellis The Ring is Miami Museum Plaza’s central feature. It is a garden-filled vegetated trellis that democratically anchors the space between the museums and allows ample opportunity for exhibitions, events and flexible circulation connecting all of the plaza edges.

CANTELEVERED STRUCTURE

Inspired by the buttressed root system of Florida mangroves, the structure presents a crenelated, cantilevered series of steel tubes whose edges define the plaza’s central garden as well as provides shelter for social gathering spaces. The central garden is an other-worldly space. Filled with exotic horticultural specimens from the tropics, it offers shade, intimacy, and correlation with the museums’s educational programming.

North of the Ring Trellis, a similar, but secondary, trellis connects the plaza with Museum Drive and covers a generously sized stair. The remaining portion of the plaza’s northern edge is planted with a ten foot high hedge that buffers noise and views of MacArthur Causeway. South of the Ring Trellis, a wide stair flanked by two ramps reinforces the plaza’s strong open connection with Museum Park.

The iconocism and flexibility offered by the design will transform Miami Museum Plaza into an important public landmark destination in downtown Miami.

Lead Designer, James Corner Field Operations

NATURAL SCIENCE MUSEUM

MUSEUM PLAZA

MODERN ART MUSEUM

FURNISHING DETAILS

SOUTHERN APPROACH: HIDDEN PARKING

HANGING GARDEN: JADE VINE

VOLUMETRIC PLANTING

PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATION

{TESTINGTHEORY}

PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATION {TESTINGTHEORY}

I. Masters Research Studio II

SUEN 7140

II. Sustainable Urban Systems Studio

SUEN 6120

III. Urban Ecologies and Technologies

SUEN 7240

VI. Implementation and Visualization I

SUEN 6210

V. Implementation and Visualization II

SUEN 6220

VI. Sustainable Urban Systems Studio

LARC 2140

VII. Sustainable Urban Site Design Studio

LARC 2130

VIII. Introduction to Sustainable Design in Architecture

ARCH 2250

IX. Urban Design Theory and Ecology

LARC 1330

patch

Hybrid Open Tree Trench Covered Tree Trench Tree Pit Raised Tree bed Transit Accommodtion Bus Bulb Parklet

Stormwater Planter Rain Garden

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Speed Table Center Island Chicane Mid-block Neckdown Median Buffer Bicycle Curb Extension Slip Island Traffic Circle

LEARING HAS INFORMED MY TEACHING. TEACHING HAS INFORMED MY RESEARCH.

Student Work Ecosystem Surfaces Habib Maddahi Fall 2013, Northeastern University

Transdisciplinary armatures address hybridity (formal, ecological, methodological interrelationships) as an operational framework for design.

TRANSDISCIPLINARY DESIGN ARMATURES FOR URBAN COASTAL RESILIENCE HABIBI MADDAHII SUEN 6210 Fall 2013

Northeastern University School of Architecture 2012-August 31, 2015 Urban Landscape Program (BLA) Master of Design for Sustainable Urban Environments (MDes SUEN) Teaching Professor and Coordinator of the MDes Sustainable Urban Environments Lecture and Studio Courses: Urban Ecologies and Technologies, 7240 With a focus on applied research strategies, design methodologies, and the integration of digital fabrication for the investigation of surface morphology and its concomitant conditions as a means to leverage ecosystem services.

Masters Research Studio II, 7140 Applied research of risk as a design framework and the design of resilient systems, based in the Boston Basin ecoregion. In corroberation with the 2015 Boston Living With Water Competition and the 2012 IPCC Special Report: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation.

Implementation and Visualization II, 6220 With a focus on contemporary urbanism and landscape process, hybridity as a framework for design, and emerging methods of analytical visualization.

Implementation and Visualization I, 6210 With an interdisciplinary focus on engineering for landscape, urban ecology, morphometry, and the integration of digital and physical fabrication.

Sustainable Urban Systems Studio, 6120 Applied research of landscape ecology and the application of landscape performance to delimit parameters of vulnerability for the design of resilient systems based on the Boston Basin ecoregion. With a focus on hybrid analytical visualization, designed ecologies, and terrain morphometry.

Coordinator and Instructor Curriculum Arts/Humanities:

of

Northeastern

Core

Introduction to Sustainable Design in Architecture, 2250 An introduction and exploration of the concepts of sustainability and resilience via precedents, speculative projects, and emerging frameworks. Focuses on the various ways one might approach resilience as a design professional.

Designed Ecologies of the City: Urban Design Theory and Ecology, 1330 Takes a genealogical approach to the emergence of the anthropocene via an introduction to the great acceleration, earth systems science, interdisciplinary relationships, causality, and coupled human-environmental systems. A contemporary reintroduction of the history of city planning, architecture, and landscape architecture through the lens of the anthropocene.

Bussey Brook Meadow

Bussey Brook Meadow / Urban Wild / Arnold Arboretum, Boston, MA

Coordinator and Instructor of the Urban Landscape Studio Sequence:

Sustainable Urban Systems Studio, 2140 Focused on a systems ecology approach, shifting urban scales of analysis, leveraging/repurpose/synergies of infrastructural networks, and the study and design of self organizing urban ecologies. Based upon the Gowanus Canal, a superfund site, and its urban watershed, Brooklyn, NY.

Sustainable Urban Site Design Studio, 2130 An introduction to landscape systems, and the analysis and documentation of biophysical and socioeconomic patterns, their spatial manifestation upon the terrain and through hybrid forms of digital + analog visualization. With a focus on processes, patterns, and surface performance. Prefaced and sited on the urban wild at Arnold Arboretum, Boston.

Fundamentals of Representation & Design Studio, 1100 An introduction to forms of design documentation, experimentation, and communication via orthographic, axonometric, and perspectival projection. With a focus on surface, modularity, performance, and program, the Fens, Boston.

Slope Analysis 0-5% 5-15% 15-20%

Invasive Wetland Species Wild Cucumber Echinocytis lobata Multiflora Rose Rosa Multiflora Staghorn Sumac Rhus Typhina

Student Work Designed Urban Ecologies Florencia Lima Gomez Spring 2014, Northeastern University

Master of Design for Sustainable Urban Environments

Urban Landscape (BLA) at Northeastern University

The Master of Design for Sustainable Urban Environments (MDES-SUEN) brings together the allied professional fields of environmental design, landscape architecture, and urban planning. The objective of the MDES-SUEN is to offer advanced study and research opportunities in the design of ecologically and economically productive urban environments, with a focus on resilient coastal cities. The program prepares students to be innovative and entrepreneurial creators and managers of next-generation public spaces. The program seeks to supply graduates for the rapidly growing field of sustainable urbanism through a dynamic curricular mix of design and technical courses.

As economic and environmental paradigms continue to shift toward new forms of urbanization, experts in urban landscape are increasingly in demand— and in response, the Urban Landscape Program at Northeastern University focuses specifically on design frameworks for cultural and biophysical environments that are sustainable, resilient, and adaptive. Stemming from the study of coupled human and natural systems, our work engages interdisciplinary research, experiential practice and innovative pedagogy.

The MDES-SUEN offers two tracks: a one-year, 36-credit hour sequence for students holding a professional degree in architecture, landscape architecture, urban or regional desgn or planning; and a two-year, 64-credit hour sequence for students with an undergraduate degree in any field.

Ecosystem services are inherent to the structure, operation, and processes of the urban landscape and underpin the capacity of an ecosystem to provide integral goods and services.

Surface strategies are frameworks to recalibrate existing infrastructures in order to amplify, enhance, and or augment the operation of degraded or at risk urban landscapes.

Modeling Systemic Vulnerability: A paradigmatic shift on how we assess and approach urban resilience.

The Urban Landscape Program at Northeastern offers a unique program of study in which urban design, urban ecology, landscape architecture, planning and policy dovetail with environmental science, art, emerging media and visualization.

The program prepares students to be entrepreneurial designers of next-generation public spaces. Boston’s history of innovation in urban environmental design, its coastal location, and its legacy of redevelopment provide a rich backdrop and laboratory of urban, infrastructural and ecological prototypes to creatively and critically explore local issues with global significance.

The Urban Landscape Program offers a Bachelor of Landscape Architecture, a Half Major in Urban Landscape, a Minor in Urban Landscape Studies and a Master of Design for Sustainable Urban Environments. The curriculum combines systemsscale research and analysis with local-scale synthesis and intervention and reflects the field’s deep roots in design, ecology, planning and aesthetics. The program offers an outstanding faculty who bring their research and real-world expertise into the classroom. Students are immersed in learning opportunities that are design based, research driven and interdisciplinary in nature both on and off through course co-op and A paradigmatic shift oncampus how we assess and approach urban coastal resiliencework, via systemic vulnerability: to urban drainage, riverine, and coastal flood study abroadregimes programs. of the Northeastern Coastal Zone (Level III Ecoregion).

RESEARCH DRIVEN PEDAGOGICAL EXPLORATION OF PERFORMANCE METRICS AND DESIGN METHODOLOGIES FOR SYSTEMIC ADAPTATION

Student Work Ecosystem Surfaces Carolina Clemente Fall 2014, Northeastern University

Not objects but surfaces, not components but systems: integrating ‘operation’ as a logic, organizational strategy, inherent geometry, and structure to catalyze ‘service’.

Ecosystem Surface Strategies call for a retooling of design methodology and spatial practice by conjoining design, environmental engineering and urban ecology. Not just infrastructural components but living systems, Ecosystem Surface Strategies examine the interdisciplinary integration of ecological and material technologies and specifications to address, mitigate, leverage, adapt, and subvert the effects of climate change upon our urban coastal waterfronts.

RISK MORPHOMETRY: NOT OBJECTS BUT SURFACES / NOT COMPONENTS BUT SYSTEMS. INTEGRATING OPERATION AS A LOGIC, ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY, GEOMETRY, AND STRUCTURETO CATALYZE ‘SERVICE’.

Student Work Terrain Morphometry / Index Model Meital Ganor & Luis Antonio Barsotti Spring 2015, Northeastern University

MASTER OF DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENTS TRANSDISCIPLINARY DESIGN ARMATURES FOR URBAN COASTAL RESILIENCE School of Architecture Northeastern University

SUSTAINABLE URBAN SYSTEMS

SUSTAINABLE URBAN SYSTEMS

GRADUATE STUDIO II / MASTERS RESEARCH STUDIO II

SUEN 6120 Graduate Studio II / SUEN 7140 Masters Research Studio II

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Vulnerability and Exposure are dynamic.

They varys in impact between individuals and their communities

Six Semester Hours Ruggles Studio Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

Frequency

Credits Room For Help

Duration

Spring 2015 Mon/Thu 10:30-1:30 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

Individual

Term Meets Instructor

Global

For Help

Six Semester Hours Ruggles Studio Office Hours Tue: 12:30-5:00 pm Wed: 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

Frequency

In Room

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Duration

Instructor

Spring 2015 Mon/Thu 10:30-2:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208 583 Holmes Hall

Global

Meets

Northeastern University Master of Design for Sustainable Urban Environments

Transitional

Term

School of Architecture Northeastern University

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Exposure is dependent upon factors.

Impact = {(Hazard x Exposure) x Vulnerability} and can vary by

1. Economic 2. Social 3. Geographic 4. Demographic 5. Cultural 6. Institutional 7. Governance 8. Environmental 1. Wealth 2. Education 3. Race / Ethnicity / Religion 4. Gender 5. Age 6. Class / Caste 7. Disability 8. Health Status

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Institutional Governance Envvironment

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Education

Race Ethnicity Religion

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Factors vary in spatial S and temporal T scale.

This graduate level studio focuses on ecological, economic, and social resilience in urban environments via contemporary landscape and urbanism research strategies. Core topics including the spatial and operational role in the built landscape of living systems such as constructed wetlands, urban forests, urban wilds and managed habitats, and their dynamic relationship to recreation, transit, food, housing and industrial networks. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of constructed ecologies into the cultural landscape, issues of environmental justice, and schematic phasing via design development, change management, and vitalization of the socio-ecological and aesthetic facets of contemporary cities and regions. Fundamental landscape planning, design, and strategic management of urban and regionally scaled environmental infrastructures parallels instruction on advanced digital drawing, modeling, and design communication. At their confluence, students formulate and visualize original approaches to design research, and develop the integrated analysis, visualization, and conceptualization skills needed to advance issues of global relevance and design projections. This course requires individual presentation and defense projects in written, plotted, oral, and digital formats.

Vulnerability

Threat

Impact

Risk I

Risk II

SUEN 6120 / 7140

This graduate level studio focuses on ecological, economic, and social resilience in urban environments via contemporary landscape and urbanism research strategies. Core topics including the spatial and operational role in the built landscape of living systems such as constructed wetlands, urban forests, urban wilds and managed habitats, and their dynamic relationship to recreation, transit, food, housing and industrial networks. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of constructed ecologies into the cultural landscape, issues of environmental justice, and schematic phasing via design development, change management, and vitalization of the socio-ecological and aesthetic facets of contemporary cities and regions. Fundamental landscape planning, design, and strategic management of urban and regionally scaled environmental infrastructures parallels instruction on advanced digital drawing, modeling, and design communication. At their confluence, students formulate and visualize original approaches to design research, and develop the integrated analysis, visualization, and conceptualization skills needed to advance issues of global relevance and design projections.

SEMESTER SCHEDULE AND PROJECT SEQUENCE

w01

mon12jan

w02 w03

mon26jan

w04 Workshop / Advanced Enrichment / Visiting Critic

Urban Landscape

w05

Scott Bishop , Principal at Stoss Landscape Urbanism Distinguished Practice & Scholarship Lecturer in Urban Landscape at the Northeastern University School of Architecture Resident Expert at the Harvard Center for Green Buildings and Cities http://www.stoss.net/

Studio Introduction, Project Launch, Boston Living With Water Competition Resilience Glossary: The need for a common lexicon Micro-Conference, Grounds for Engagement: Design, Landscape, and Environmental Health Aggregate Exposure

thu12feb

w06

Review One: Risk Armatures {Jane Amidon} Specify & Delimit Vulnerability

w07

thu26feb

Studio Pinup {Kate Orff} + Petrochemical Exhibition

w08

thu05mar

Review Two: Risk Landscapes {Jane Amidon, Scott Bishop, Pablo Perez Ramos}

Pablo Perez Ramos, Doctoral Candidate at Harvard University Graduate School of Design Pablo’s research focuses in the influence of ecological theory on landscape design. Departing from the existing imbalance between ‘structure’ and ‘process’ in today’s landscape architecture discourses, he explores both cultural landscape formations and landscape design exercises with highly legible spatial configurations that are informed by ecological processes / multiple morphological configurations for basic units of urban and/or landscape development -to create open-ended scenarios based on aggregation. http://issuu.com/pabloperezramos/docs/pablo_perezramos_portfolio

w09

Spring Break / Site Reconnaissance: Recording and Representing Agile Territories

w10

Design as Research, Research by Design, Design Workflows

Julie Wormser, Executive Director of The Boston Harbor Association Coauthor: “Preparing for the Rising Tide” (2013). Current models predict that Boston will experience up to two feet of sea level rise by 2050 and up to six feet by 2100. This report provides vulnerability analyses for Boston Harbor and time-phased preparedness plans to increase resilience to coastal flooding over time.

w14

w11

Risk Morphometry: The Terrain Index Model

w12

mon30mar

Pablo Perez Ramos On the Genealogy of Ecology and Pattern: As the ultimate expression and convergence of apparently disconnected phenomena

w13

mon06apr

Scott Bishop On The Plan: As a base to visualize transformation, layer operations, and formulate activities and actions upon.

Ecosystem Surfaces

w15 w16

1

Ecosystem Surfaces

thu30apr

Sustainable Urban Environments

Final Presentation

2

STUDIO METHODOLOGIES School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

SCHEDULE

STUDIO PREMISE: BOSTON LIVING WITH WATER COMPETITION

Week

Date

Project Sequence

Project Phase

Presentations & Reviews

w01

mon12jan thu15jan

L1

Risk Landscapes Risk Landscapes

Studio Introduction & Project Launch (beyond sustainability) Resilience Glossary (the need for a common lexicon)

w02

mon19jan thu22jan

L2

Risk Landscapes Risk Landscapes

MLK Birthday Dynamic Vulnerability (multi-dimensional and differential )

w03

mon26jan thu29jan

L3 L4

Risk Landscapes Risk Landscapes

Adaptation (exigency, constraint, reactivity, and orientation) Frameworks (concept mapping, 500 word project proposal)

w04

mon02feb

Review One

Risk Landscapes

Student Presentations: plot

“As sea levels rise and chronic flooding becomes the “new normal,” even master Dutch dike builders are moving to more flexible, resilient options that decrease vulnerability to catastrophic flood damage while maintaining their connection to waterways. The Dutch coined the phrase “Living with Water” to describe this shift in focus.”

Living with Water International Design Competition, Boston Harbor Association

Boston Living with Water is an international call for design solutions; envisioning a more resilient, sustainable, and beautiful Boston adapted for end-of-the-century climate conditions and rising sea levels.

BLWW AIM

To prepare our historic coastal city for sea level rise and climate change while continuing to strengthen its social, environmental, and economic vitality. Living with Water design allows defined areas to flood in order to prevent harm to vulnerable people, places and resources. The concept considers water to be a “design opportunity”, calling for managing chronic flooding while providing other benefits such as new recreation areas, marsh habitat, and more livable communities. Both flood prevention and resilience strategies are needed; socio-economic goals and available resources dictate the balance between the two strategies. Successful design proposals will solve multiple urban challenges including minimizing damage from chronic and episodic coastal flooding.

BLWW SITE

thu05feb

L5

Terrain Morphometry

Scalar Shift (eco-region to watershed)

w05

mon09feb thu12feb

L6 L7

Terrain Morphometry Terrain Morphometry

Ecosystem Services / Ecosystem Surfaces (index modelling) Ecohydrology (morphological studies)

w06

mon16feb thu19feb

-

Terrain Morphometry Terrain Morphometry

Presidents’ Day Ecohydrology (morphological studies)

w07

mon23feb thu26feb

L8

Terrain Morphometry Terrain Morphometry

Ecohydrology (morphological studies) Landscape Performance Metrics (urban landscape ecology)

w08

mon02mar thu05mar

Review Two

Terrain Morphometry Terrain Morphometry

Landscape Performance Metrics Student Presentations: plot + morphological studies

w09

mon09mar thu12mar

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Spring Break Spring Break

Morrissey Boulevard, near the outer harbor and mouth of the Neponset River, provides access to the Columbia Point peninsula and a range of residential, commercial, institutional, and open space areas, and exemplifies the critical transportation infrastructure connecting Boston’s neighborhoods. Serving the Columbia Point peninsula, Morrissey Boulevard is a six-lane artery providing access to area institutions, businesses and residents. Built on filled tidal lands, moderate storms already result in flooding and road closure. Morrissey Boulevard is representative of coastal infrastructure that has been and remains critical to the growth and functionality of cities.

BLWW CONTEXT

Boston’s colonial founders sited our capital city well. Established behind the protective landforms of today’s Winthrop, Hull and the 34 Boston Harbor islands, its natural configuration affords the city extraordinary protection from ocean wind and waves. Comforted by the historic safety of Boston’s inner harbor, our ancestors built much of the city very close to the water. Over the last three centuries, Boston has confidently filled in marshes and tidelands creating new neighborhoods and increasing the city’s footprint by over fifty percent. With predictable sea levels, these neighborhoods were safely sited as little as two to eight feet above high tide. In the last century, water levels have risen almost 12 inches. Today portions of Boston’s waterfront flood monthly during the “wicked”, or astronomical, high tide when the sun and moon align. With the Boston Harbor sea level predicted to rise as much as five to six feet by 2100, over thirty percent of Boston faces chronically salt water flooding.

DESIGN PROJECTIONS

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1.

Design projections should address: End-of-century sea level rise in Boston Harbor: This means that monthly “wicked” high tides (astronomical high tide or spring tide) and moderate storm surges chronically reach elevation 18.5 feet on the Boston City Base (BCB) datum.

2.

End-of-century Climate Conditions: Adapting to increased annual and daily temperatures, extreme heat waves, increased precipitation and storm severity.

3.

Incremental Adaptation: Adapting to a continuously changing environment and incremental sea level rise. Designs should anticipate the ongoing need to adapt iteratively for rising sea levels and increasing coastal flooding over time.

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Community Infrastructure: Retaining and supporting cultural and social identity, ensuring equitable economic opportunity and prosperity, and providing for ongoing community engagement and connectivity.

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Environmental and Urban Infrastructure: Ensuring coastal and harbor marine biological health, and the ongoing vitality of our natural systems. Providing for sustainable and resilient energy, water, waste, and transportation systems, and ensuring access to local and affordable food.

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Ensuring coastal and harbor marine biological health, and the ongoing vitality of our natural systems.

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Design Scenarios Design Scenarios

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Design Scenarios Design Scenarios

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Design Scenarios Progress Review (dry run + all models due)

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Projections Final Production

Patriots’ Day Desk Reviews

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Final Review

Final Production Final Production

Desk Reviews Student Presentations: plot + models

Final Digital Submissions

m.goetz@neu.edu

mon04may Urban Landscape

SUSTAINABLE URBAN SYSTEMS

Research addresses important questions at the nexus of city, climate, and environment via urban landscpe ecology to explore the complex structure and function of urban environments; the role of interdependence, performance indices, and parameters of scale and time of coupled human-environmental systems; and the basis of causality when linking pattern and process. Contemporary discourse on projective ecologies, systemic design, and scalable infrastructures preconditions one’s lens of the city as an ecological construct and concept; the consilience of landscape with infrastructure; and the ability to organize urbanism, inform aesthetics, and anticipate change via ecological properties of adaptation, open-endedness, and negotiation.

RISK, EXPOSURE, VULNERABILITY & ADAPTATION

Vulnerability is risk manifold. Yet risk to climate change has been, and continues to be misconstrued as disaster event, catastrophy, or spectacle -conditioning our perception, reaction, and therefore response to climate change. Rather, risk as a construction is multi-dimensional and differential, in that risk is conceptualized not as one event, but as a continuum of moments, inversely commensurate with the normative behavior, perception, and framing of the effects of climate change in our landscape. In the wake of super-storms, landslides, and wicked-high tides, existing patterns of urbanization are exposing new or exacerbated vulnerabilities to sea level rise, storm intensification, and shifting spatial and seasonal patterns of precipitation, that demand solutions beyond the empirically familiar and disciplinary compfortable. Such unprecedented complexities require different modalities of intervention across temporal and spatial scales, and among and within social groups.

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RESILIENCE ARMATURES Urban Landscape

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2012’s assesment of risk via exposure and vulnerability was used as an analytical framework to introduce the fundamental concepts, definitions, contexts, and management concerns necessary to deconstruct risk and to frame resilience. As such, new armatures were visualized to provide a foundation and filter for subsequent research, knowledge organization, and the essential concepts required to structure risk and legitimize future design speculation.

SITE MEASURES & RECONAISSANCE

Site reconnaissance implies a methodological approach to site documentation and a manner of traversing the terrain -with an acute awareness of environment established or defined by one’s agenda.

Reconnaissance also alludes to the agility and openness necessary to register patterns and phenomena during site documentation to pioneering new discovery and progressive reinterpretation.

Each of you have territorialized risk and specified a terrain in need of further investigation (a framework and analysis of systemic exposure and vulnerability). Based upon your inclinations and the feedback you’ve received, methodologically survey the terrain with photography, notes, and found objects to evidence and substantiate your analysis and allegorize your narrative. This will require hundreds of photographs and perhaps multiple excursions in order to capture the scalar and temporal dimensions of vulnerability and exposure that characterize your project.

The depiction of space relies less on the accurate representation of a location or locations per se, and more on the patterns revealed by registers of a process, operation, and performance, and effects over time and space. We represent the complexity of risk and inherent dynamic of ecology via the documentation, representation, and visualization of temporal and scalar relationships of organisms or objects and their environment. This may be with soil samples taken along an transect; water samples testing for contamination or salinity from a certain CSO outlet between low and high tide, Monday-Wednesday-Friday; PH strip tests every 100 ft; via documentation of use or performance throughout the day; a change in color, composition, or materiality of water, vegetation, or population from space to the next; a typological analysis of street lamps... and so forth. Each example reveals systemic relationship and registers a controlled method of documenting a pattern via duration of time, spatial implication, and measurable effect.

School of Architecture Northeastern University

{Metrics should be included in the diagrams mentioned above as they are inherent to a system’s operation, performance, and form. Such metrics provide benchmarks to assess performance, quantify ecosystem services, and are a means to reinterpret new operation, performance, and form.}

5. The index model is a transdisciplinary armature and generative tactic we use to birth novel forms of hybridity and envision synthetic terrains. {On Hybridity: the studies in inter-relationships, Anita Berrizbeitia discusses several forms of hybridity including Formal (combining types), Ecological (native/non-native)and Methodological (process/form). On Synthesis: the combination of two or more parts, whether by design or by natural processes. Furthermore, it may imply being prepared or made artificially, in contrast to naturally.} 6. The index model is an interpretation of contour from which we will extract relational strategies and meaningful patterns of operation, form, and performance. {On Contour: the outline of a figure or body; the edge or line that defines or bounds a shape or object. As discussed, the plan is a base to formulate and layer a series of activities and actions upon.

Plans are assemblages of the above definition (the edge or line that defines or bounds a shape or object.) The patterns (or contours that represent form i.e. landscape) extracted from your model index (define or bounds) transformation, adaptation, and hybridization of the operations and performance you deem necessary for your project.} Patterns distilled as prototypes are deployed across the terrain to visualize (in plan) transformation and manifest change. These prototypes should conform/deform/and perform in a systematic manner.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AS URBAN SURFACES

Ecosystem services, such as water purification, crop pollination, climate regulation, carbon sequestration, and storm surge mitigation are inherent to the structure, operation, and processes of the urban landscape and underpin the capacity of an ecosystem to provide integral goods and services.

Surface strategies are frameworks to recalibrate existing infrastructures in order to amplify, enhance, and or augment the operation of degraded or at risk urban landscapes.

TERRAIN MORPHOMETRY AS LANDSCAPE PERFORMANCE METRICS

The Eco-Surface, ecosystem services as urban surface approach, acts as a multi-functional system to amend ecological services, re-shape spatial practice, and generate resilient urban form.

Morphometrics (from Greek “morphé”, meaning ‘shape’ or ‘form’, and “metría”, meaning ‘measurement’) or morphometry refers to the quantitative analysis of form, a concept that encompasses size and shape.

The eco-surface is a trans-disciplinary approach using digital fabrication to integrate and create prototypes of service with surface for urban adaptation and resiliency. In our increasingly interdependent urban environment, the ability to employ an array of design approaches and media provides incredible potential to develop, test, produce, and communicate operational and spatial ideas with clarity and agency.

Terrain Morphometry (or geomorphometry, geomorphological analysis, or terrain analysis and land surface analysis) is the science of quantitative land surface analysis. It gathers various mathematical, statistical and image processing techniques that can be used to quantify morphological, hydrological, ecological and other aspects of a land surface. Terrain Morphometry aims at extracting A. land surface parameters i.e. morphometric (of form, size and shape), hydrological, climatic and so forth and B. extract objects i.e. watersheds, stream networks, landforms etc. using digital elevation models or DEM and parameterization software. Extracted surface parameters and objects can then be used, for example, to improve mapping and modelling of soils, vegetation, land use, and geomorphological and geological features.

With the rapid increase of sources of DEMs today, such as LIDAR-based projects, extraction of land surface parameters is becoming more and more attractive to numerous fields ranging from precision agriculture, soil-landscape modelling, climatic and hydrological applications to urban planning, landscape ecology, and urban ecology. The topography of almost all Earth has been today sampled or scanned, so that DEMs are available at resolutions of 100 m or better at global scale. Land surface parameters are today successfully used for both stochastic and process-based modelling, the only remaining issue being the level of detail and vertical accuracy of the DEM.

Eco-Surface strategies call for a retooling of design methodology and spatial practice by conjoining design, environmental engineering and urban ecology. Not just infrastructural components but living systems, Ecosystem Surface Strategies examine the interdisciplinary integration of ecological and material technologies and specifications to address, mitigate, leverage, adapt, and subvert the effects of climate change upon our urban coastal waterfronts.

REFERENCE READINGS

Boston Living With Water Competition Brief + Site III Materials, 2014.

Climate Change: New Dimensions in Disaster Risk, Exposure, Vulnerability, and Resilience, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2012.

Determinants of Risk: Exposure and Vulnerability, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2012.

Envisioning Information, Edward Tufte, 1990.

The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Edward Tufte, 1983.

The Book of Trees: Visualizing Branches of Knowledge, Manuel Lima, 2014.

Practice: Architecture, Technique + Representation, Stan Allen, 2009.

Composite Landscapes: Photomontage and Landscape Architecture, Andrea Hansen, 2015.

SOAK Mumbai In An Estuary, Anu Mathur and Dilip da Cunha, 2009.

THE INDEX MODEL

Design in the Terrain of Water, Anu Mathur and Dilip da Cunha, 2014.

Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions, Richard T.T. Forman, 1995.

Phylogenesis( Foa’s Ark), ForeignOfficeArchitects, 2003.

Constructing Landscape: Materials, Techniques, Structural Components, Astrid Zimmermann, 2011.

Site Engineering for Landscape Architects, Steven Strom and Kurt Nathan, 2013.

Surface topography, underlies the design and performance of urban landscapes. Ranging from the manipulation of the ground and the modeling of large earthworks to the management of hydrological flow and conditioning of micro-climates, topographic design is an extensive and wide-ranging practice, integral to the infrastructure of urban sites. It is both a factor and force-generator of hydrological and geological systems. As an often subtle dimension of urban environments due to its scale and horizontality, its design is best expressed through the performance and patterns of different surface materials and ground occupations, over time. The terrain model is research as design into the formational and deformational logics, processes, and performance of topography morphologically, materially, and programmatically.

The terrain model is understood as an index or visualization of the flows and forces acting on and through the ground. For an indexical concept of topography, therefore, ground is a dynamic rather than passive or inert material. Engaging the ground as a dynamic medium thus demands an exploration of the geomorphological and geotechnical processes that generate and degenerate landform.

THE MODEL IS AN INDEX OF POSSIBILITIES

1. The index model is a framework we use to demonstrate and address modes of systemic adaptation necessary to address risk as defined by exposure and vulnerability. {We are not designing to cope with future hazards or manage disaster events. Our design must address contributing factors i.e. the fragile, weakened, inadequate, inept, or maladaptive social/ environmental/economic/institutional infrastructures that actuate impact.} 2. The index model is an aggregate construction of fundamental operations and intrinsical form necessary to address exposure and systemic vulnerability to climate change. {Fundamental operations and intrinsical form should be diagrammed.} 3. The index model is an instrument to design for change; to test and anticipate the flexibility of an infrastructural landscape to multidimensional and differential conditions. {As this is an index of operation via a range of conditions and parameters, the model should illustrate gradients of discrete and legible form to more amorphous or indeterminate form. Such gradients of transformation mimic iterations of the system along a continuum of spatial, temporal, and climatic conditions.} 4. The index model is a data processing machine enabled by parametric software to develop landscape performance metrics and assess ecosystem services.

Sustainable Urban Environments

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Urban Landscape

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STUDIO METHODOLOGIES School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

DELIVERABLES {MIX AND MATCH} RISK LANDSCAPES

Midterm Analysis Plot {Optional}

SITE RECONNAISSANCE

Photo-Section/Essay/Collage Plot {Optional}

RISK LANDSCAPES BRIEF

SUEN6120/7140 SUSTAINABLE URBAN SYSTEMS term meets TERRAIN MORPHOMETRY

Terrain Index

Research Model Analysis

{ecological process, precedents, and visualization} {laser cut 10” x 40” contour or sectional model @ 1/32” chip or 1/8” cardboard} {surface parameters, systems visualization and documentation, performance metrics}

DESIGN PROJECTIONS

Site Strategies

Scaled Plan

{pattern extraction and deployment to your site: phased adaptation} {high resolution aerial underlay} {systems visualization: hydrological, ecological, socio-economic, physical and latent infrastructures} {growth, flows, transformation}

Diagrams

{plan/section phased visualization of systemic adaptation: growth, flows, transformation}

Narrative

{systemic vulnerability and modes of adaptation}

DESIGN SCENARIOS

Photomontage

instructor

Spring 2015 Thu 1:30-4:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

Four Semester Hours 047 Snell Library Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

{deep section/aerial view/perspective visualization}

KEEP IN MIND: THE MODEL IS AN INDEX OF POSSIBILITIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

1. The index model is a framework we use to demonstrate and address modes of systemic adaptation necessary to address risk as defined by exposure and vulnerability. {We are not designing to cope with future hazards or manage disaster events. Our design must address contributing factors i.e. the fragile, weakened, inadequate, inept, or maladaptive social/ environmental/economic/institutional infrastructures that actuate impact.}

REFERENCE NOTES

1. Vulnerability is: multi-dimensional and differential – that is, it varies across physical space and among and within social groups; scale-dependent with regard to space and units of analysis such as

MARCH 5, 2015 individual, household, region, or system; and dynamic – characteristics and driving forces of vulnerability change over time (Vogel and O’Brien, 2004). As vulnerability and exposure are not fixed,

understanding the trends in vulnerability and exposure is therefore an important aspect of the discussion.

2. The index model is an aggregate construction of fundamental operations and intrinsical form necessary to address exposure and systemic vulnerability to climate change.

1. The hazard event is not the sole driver of risk, and there is high confidence that the levels of adverse effects are in good part determined by the vulnerability and exposure of societies and social-

Schedule 10:30am-1:00pm 1. 1986, 1993, Charles Creagh 10:30 ecological systems (UNDRO, 1980; Cuny, 1984; Cardona, 2011; Davis and Wall, 1992; UNISDR, 2004, 2009b; Birkmann, 2006a,b; van Aalst 2006a).

{Fundamental operations and intrinsical form should be diagrammed.}

2. The concept of risk accumulation describes a gradual of disaster risk in specific locations, often due to a combination of processes, some persistent and/or gradual, others more erratic, 2. build-upLisa Ishihara 10:45 often in a combination of exacerbation of inequality, marginalization, and disaster risk over time (Maskrey, 1993b; Lavell, 1994). It also reflects that the impacts of one hazard – and the response to it – can have implications for how the next hazard plays out. This is well illustrated by the example of El Salvador, where people living in temporary shelters after the 1998 Hurricane Mitch were 3. poor construction Feng Xue 11:00 at greater risk during the 2001 earthquakes due to the of the shelters (Wisner, 2001b).

The concept of risk accumulation acknowledges the multiple causal factors of risk by the connecting development patterns and risk, as well as the links between one disaster and the next.

3. The index model is an instrument to design for change; to test and anticipate the flexibility of an infrastructural landscape to multidimensional and differential conditions. {As this is an index of operation via a range of conditions and parameters, the model should illustrate gradients of discrete and legible form to more amorphous or indeterminate form. Such gradients of transformation mimic iterations of the system along a continuum of spatial, temporal, and climatic conditions. Look to the power point located on Blackboard for additional examples.}

4. The index model is a data processing machine enabled by parametric software to develop landscape performance metrics and assess ecosystem services. {Metrics should be included in the diagrams mentioned above as they are inherent to a system’s operation, performance, and form. Such metrics provide benchmarks to assess performance, quantify ecosystem services, and are a means to reinterpret new operation, performance, and form.}

5. The index model is a transdisciplinary armature and generative tactic we use to birth novel forms of hybridity and envision synthetic terrains.

4.

Luis Barsotti

11:15

3. The recognition by urban ecologists of the difference between the ecology ‘in’ and the ecology ‘of’ cities has proved to be a signifi cant conceptual leap forward for the discipline ( Grimm et al . 2000 ; Pickett et al . 2001 ; Alberti 2008 ; Wu 2008b ). Studies of the ecology ‘in’ cities are typically single discipline, small scale, and located within a city, while ecology ‘of’ cities studies are interdisciplinary and multiscale incorporating both the and human dimensions of urban ecosystems 5. ecological Masoud Bagheri 11:30 ( Grimm et al . 2000 ; Pickett et al . 2001 ). The majority of urban ecology research to date falls into the category of the ecology ‘in’ cities ( Alberti 2008 ; Hahs et al . 2009 ). There are only a few excellent examples of ecology ‘of’ cities studies ( Alberti 2008 ; Hahs et al . 2009 ). If the discipline of urban ecology is to advance and enhance our understanding of urban ecosystems, it will require the active development of more inter- and transdisciplinary ecology ‘of’ cities studies ( 6.

Kiersten Mutell 11:45 Alberti 2008 ; McDonnell & Hahs 2009).

4. Confirmed generalizations are described as the universally accepted level of understanding of how urban 7.

Jiaqi Wang 12:00ecosystems are structured and function via a body of tested facts. One of the most compelling confirmed generalizations in urban ecology is the relationship between the amount of impermeable surfaces in a watershed and the health of streams (Paul & Myer 2001). When a watershed is composed of more than 20 per cent impermeable surfaces there is a signifi cant decrease in stream biota and health (Paul & Meyer 2001). Hence, the challenge to all urban ecologists 8.

Meital Tsafrir Ganor which will motivate 12:15basic research in the field while also informing practitioners working to design, build, in the future is the development of a collection of confirmed generalizations or principles and manage sustainable human settlements in the future. McDonnell, M. J. 2011. The history of urban ecology: An ecologist’s perspective. Pages 5-13 in Jari Niemelä, Jürgen H. Breuste, Thomas Elmqvist, Glenn Guntenspergen, Philip James and Nancy Urban Ecology: Patterns, Processes 9. E. McIntyre, Mugeeditors.

“Mugzy” Undemir 12:30 and Applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

{On Hybridity: the studies in inter-relationships, Anita Berrizbeitia discusses several forms of hybridity including Formal (combining types), Ecological (native/non-native)and Methodological (process/form). On Synthesis: the combination of two or more parts, whether by design or by natural processes. Furthermore, it may imply being prepared or made artificially, in contrast to naturally.}

5. Geomorphometry is the science of quantitative land surface analysis. It gathers various mathematical, statistical and image processing techniques that can be used to quantify morphological, Migdalia Colon for geomorphometry12:45 hydrological, ecological and other aspects of a land10. surface. Common synonyms are geomorphological analysis, terrain morphometry or terrain analysis and land surface analysis.In simple terms, geomorphometry aims at extracting (land) surface parameters (morphometric, hydrological, climatic etc.) and objects (watersheds, stream networks, landforms etc.) using input digital land surface model (also known as digital elevation model, DEM) and parameterization software.Geomatics is a relatively new scientific term, coined by Bernard Dubuisson in the late 1960s.[2] It includes the tools and techniques used in land surveying, remote sensing, cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), global navigation satellite systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass), photogrammetry, geography and related forms of earth mapping.

6. The index model is an interpretation of contour from which we will extract relational strategies and meaningful patterns of operation, form, and performance.

6. Overall, the promotion of resilient and adaptive societies requires a paradigm shift away from the primary focus on natural hazards and extreme weather events toward the identification, assessment, and ranking of vulnerability (Maskrey, 1993a; Lavell, 2003; Birkmann, 2006a,b). Therefore, understanding vulnerability is a prerequisite for understanding risk and the development of risk reduction and adaptation strategies to extreme events in the light of climate change (ICSU-LAC, 2010a,b; MOVE, 2010; Cardona, 2011; UNISDR, 2011). dynamic vulnerability, meaning that processes and factors that cause vulnerability operate simultaneously at multiple scales making traditional indicators insufficient.

{On Contour: the outline of a figure or body; the edge or line that defines or bounds a shape or object. As Scott Bishop discussed on Monday, the Plan is a base to formulate and layer a series of activities and actions upon. Plans are assemblages of the above definition (the edge or line that defines or bounds a shape or object.) The patterns (or contours that represent form i.e. landscape) extracted from your model index (define or bounds) transformation, adaptation, and hybridization of the operations and performance you deem necessary for your project.} Patterns distilled as prototypes are deployed across the terrain to visualize (in plan) transformation and manifest change. These prototypes should conform/deform/and perform in a systematic manner.

SUEN Sustainable Urban Environments

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7. Simply put, urban landscape ecology is landscape ecology of urban areas. More specifically, it is the science of studying and improving the relationship between urban landscape pattern and ecological processes for achieving urban sustainability. While urban sustainability may be defined in a number of ways, here we define it as an adaptive process of maintaining and improving ecosystem services and human well-being in the urban landscape (Wu 2010a, 2013b). As such, urban landscape ecology consists of three interactive major components: quantifying the spatiotemporal patterns and understanding the drivers and mechanisms of urbanization (‘‘patterns/drivers studies’’), assessing the ecological and environmental impacts of urbanization (‘‘impacts studies’’), and understanding and improving urban sustainability. B. Fu and K. B. Jones (eds.), Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Environment and Culture, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6530-6_3, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013.

SUEN Sustainable Urban Environments

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

RISK LANDSCAPES

On Risk Chapter 1 Chapter 2

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Objectives & Assessments

Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, 2012.

Climate Change: New Dimensions in Disaster Risk, Exposure, Vulnerability, and Resilience Determinants of Risk: Exposure and Vulnerability

term meets

We use the concept of “risk” as it addresses not only our ability to cope with and reduce the impact from potential climate related hazards, but more important, risk as a framework shifts our focus to the exposure and vulnerability of coupled human-environmental systems as a more resilient mode of reducing risk via adaptation.

instructor

Spring 2015 Thu 1:30-4:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

Four Semester Hours 047 Snell Library Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

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Risk = Threat x Impact

Kate Orff 10:30-1:30

PinUp Order

Vulnerability

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Migdalia Mugzy Luis Lisa Kiersten Jiaqi

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A Risk Composite

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Students present a composite of risk within the landscape, as defining risk leads to an enhanced awareness of exposure and vulnerability, and the chronic conditions, fragile systems, structural inequities, and maladaptive responses that drive impact and generate risk. Doing so provides the opportunity to synthesize, revise, and clarify the multidimensional and differential contributing factors necessary to explain exposure and vulnerability, and frame risk as a continuum.

Board Assessment

1. Present a framework to explain the complexity of adaptation to climate change.

2. Use a range of analysis techniques and various scales and dimensions of time to reveal the latent risk to urban coastal populations.

3. Represent the conditions of our current situation to aggregate exposure.

4. Visualize specific contributing factors to explain and support your analysis of the current situation.

5. Reveal correlation between contributing factors, level of impact, and adverse effects to specify and delimit vulnerability.

6. Territorialize Risk: Opportunistically define a terrain at an appropriate scale useful to further investigation of prototypical strategies of intervention.

Territorializing risk defines the territory you wish to address in the future, it is your unique base map. Its limits should be spatially defined or formed based upon the overlay of your analysis layers of exposure and vulnerability, and should also include necessary/relevant context.

On Transformative Strategies, Adaptation and Resilience While Climate Change induced Hazard (a potential future scenario) and Disaster Event (a realized hazard) is an essential part of Resiliency Design we are required to address (Disaster Risk Management), the concepts of Exposure and Vulnerability help us to understand an extremely complex agenda by providing us with a framework, or means to investigate and organize complexity. In order to design for resiliency we must design for adaptation. They are necessary as a conceptual framework to focus our design on transformative strategies instead of coping mechanisms, that locate, deconstruct, and identify the origination of Impact from Risk.

SUEN Sustainable Urban Environments

http://www.makepeacerepro.com/html/northeastern-intro.html 36”x70” PDF $3.25 sqf = $56.90 + tax Sustainable Urban Environments Pin Up Request the board be plotted on mylar Request the plot be delivered to Ruggles Studio at Northeastern University by Wednesday night / Thursday morning Call to confirm receipt, expected delivery, mylar, payment. 617-782-3800

2

Meital Feng Charles Massoud

12:30 12:45 1:00 1:15

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Title {descriptive of your agenda, a set of concepts, or future investigation} Directive Headings, Subheadings, and Labels 3-500 Word Narrative a {3 paragraph brief printed on your board}

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Legend, North Arrow, Scaled Base Map

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Framework Visualization of Risk {knowledge organization / relational graph} Multi-Scalar / Spatial / Temporal Analysis {aggregate exposure / reveal patterns} Axonometric {specify and delimit key parameters of vulnerability}

4.

Scaled Base Map Components {territorialize risk} Title A self defined boundary Analysis overlays and those relationships / patterns conveyed Rigorous use of hatches: density, orientation, type, overlay, craft BLWW or specified 2100 flood level Relevant Context: Buildings Highways City Streets Bridges and Tunnels Landscape Paths and Elements Transit and Commuter Rail Piers, Ports, Boats, Trajectories Hydrology Contours 1ft (.33m) contours with 10ft contour intervals Legend and Labels, Scale Bar, North Arrow

SUEN Sustainable Urban Environments

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STUDIO METHODOLOGIES

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

On Research Production (Continued)

DESIGN AS RESEARCH, RESEARCH AS DESIGN

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WORKFLOW METHODOLOGIES I Spring 2015 Thu 1:30-4:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

term meets instructor

ea

Four Semester Hours 047 Snell Library Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

credits in room for help

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Research Production

If the Image is one of many, splice and scale them together first in Photoshop using transform, warp, and effects such as multiply / fill / opacity. Resave the composite image and use it to trace in AutoCad. Even better, if you know the image relates spatially to your site plan, export out the line work from the site plan and use it to assemble and scale the image in Photoshop, and then again for accurate and quick placement in AutoCad for tracing.

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1. All Production (drawing) occurs in AutoCAD and Rhino.

2. Layer Management is essential. Use numbers and letters before the name as AutoCad lists by order (number and then letter). 00_Base_Roads, 00_Base_Hyw, 00_Buildings, 01_Hydro Sys Trace and so forth. In Rhino you can order layers, nest layers in folders, and move them manually.

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Post-production

ea Design analysis, representation, and visualization; with each step informing the other. Below is an abbreviated Re and research is an iterative and cyclical process of investigation, rc se explanation of the design workflow process including basic software h exchange and drawing logistics. Please read and review the fundamental a rc h

Workflow consists of an orchestrated and repeatable pattern of activity enabled by the systematic organization of resources into processes that transform materials, provide Workflow services, or process information. It can be depicted as a sequence of operations, declared as work of a person or group, an organization of staff, or one or more simple or complex mechanisms. From a more abstract or higher-level perspective, workflow may be considered a view or representation of real work. The flow being described may refer to a document, service or product that is being transferred from one step to another. Workflows may be viewed as one fundamental building block to be combined with Re other parts of san such as teams, projects and hierarchies. ea organization’s structure Research

Post-Production

(An engineering scale is 1:100, 1:50, 1:2000 etc. where 1 unit = 1’ or 1m and 100 units = 100’ or 100m). When producing boards for a review, I suggest using the “Board and Boundary Box Method”. On its own layer in model space, draw a rectangle 36 units x 70 units, and then scale to fit your work.

Workflow

On Research and Research Production Re s

Research A. Production

Production

ea

Post-production 1. Investigate

rc h

and Deconstruct Multi-Dimensional Factors

In AutoCad, size your board initially so that its width roughly covers the largest element that you’d like at a scale when plotted. Your Base Map (L4) is the largest element that is required to be to scale so you’ll want its entire form inside the Boundary Board (you may also want to allow for extra room on one or both sides for notation, a legend, or additional diagrams if you like). Next measure to check the width of the board (the Distance Command). The width (measured in feet) will be a random number. Most plotters plot with 36” or 42” wide reams of paper. Your board should be 36”x70” vertically oriented, and therefore, the width of your board in AutoCad should be scaled to a factor of 36 (divisible by 36).

For example: a boundary board in AutoCAD of width 36,000’ and length of 70,000’ could fit a Base Map of 1:1000.

Map spatial implication (planar and sectional information) and Research Production

B. Reveal patterns of exposure and vulnerability, risk accumulation, intersectionality, maladaptation, correlation, and causation through hybrid, multi-layered graphs; to quantify change; to support your argument, define systemic parameters, Post-production address landscape performance, and the design of adaptable systems.

C. Cite Sources: Academic Articles, Wikipedia, EPA, IPCC Documents, Precedents, Google Image Search

Re s

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2. Modes:

Let’s say you size your Boundary Board so that your Base Map fits nicely. You then measure its width and find it to be 40,414 ft. Divide 40,414’ by 36’ = 1,122.61’. You cannot use 1:1122.6 is as your scale but you can use standards such as 1:500, 1:1000, or 1:1200 etc). With this in mind, 1:1000 is close to what you have now (1:1122.6 or a board width of 40,414’). If we want our Base Map to a scale of 1:1000, then we must re-scale the width of the board from 40,414 to 36,000’. At 1”=1000’ (or 1:1000) a 36” wide board = 36,000’. Next, shift the board about so that it fits nicely at the new scale.

Production

{Temporal (Duration, Frequency) / Magnitude (Size, Extent, Scale) / Velocity (Rate of Change, Speed, Distance) / Human Ecology via US Census, EPA Land Change Analysis / Ecoregions / IPCC Climate Change}

On Research Production Research Production

3. ArcGIS

Research

Production Production

Use ArcGIS to analyze layered data and generate spatial information to convey Exposure and Vulnerability. Delimit specific shapes/boundaries and visualize patterns of relationships. Remember: Be directive with your layers.

5. On Exporting: WBlock. WBlock. WBlock.

Edit and remove irrelevant information that distracts from your point and include the entirety of systemic components that are scale and topologically relevant. Then perform specific analysis calculations if needed (such as area and slope analysis). This is a non-linear and iterative process. Editing superfluous information will lighten the layer file size as Post-Production well. Beware: too many layers may cause a computer melt down. Conversion tools>To CAD>Export to CAD. Then, in AutoCAD remove superfluous information and clean up the line work. Select All>PEDIT>M(ultiple)>Select all>Convert to Polylines>Y>Join>Fuzz 0.000

WBlocking out selected objects and or layers (lock or hide layers you do not want) is the fast and efficient way to create and update your drawings when working between AI and AutoCAD. WBlock>Select Objects>Save as a 2000.dxf to maintain joined polylines and layer organization in Illustrator. Make sure to use/include a boundary box or your board outline/ boundary when Wblocking if location and scale are important to maintain!! Open the 2000.dxf file in AI. Edit the Artboard and change its dimensions to 36”x70”. Next select all, and transform/snap the boundary board edges to the edges of the artboard. Also, you may predefine the artboard, name it, and then open the 2000.dxf with the correctly dimensioned AI file.

The 2000.dxf should open and fill the artboard automatically (no tedious snapping/scaling).

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Also, be cognisant of multi-hatch overlays. Many hatches do not work well and should not be overlaid one on top of the other because of their similarity, or sloppiness if not aligned correctly. A perfect example is the ANSI hatch (a very versatile hatch) but if overlaid with a slight derivation of angle and/or scale, the lines will become confusing with variation in spacing. This is not to say that when scaled or angled opportunistically ANSI hatches (among others) can not be overlaid well together as this can also be a useful method to maximize the communication of spatial information.

4. On Review Boards: Your Base Map must be printed to an engineering scale, so plan accordingly with your board.

Production

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3. On Hatches Hatches should always be isolated on their own layer separate from their shape/outline as you will want to turn them off in AutoCAD, and have them isolated in AI to use the line work to live paint.

The hatch should be scaled so that the pattern is dense enough to hold its shape without the its outline, yet sparse or thin enough allow to allow the overlay of information. Never use the solid hatch. Solid hatches export as extremely dense lines, increasing file size, and defeating the purpose of the hatch. Live paint and fill the area in Illustrator instead.

Re s

Production rc

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Image to Trace.

Always place it on its own layer so that you can lock and turn off the image when desired. Don’t trace in isolation or in its own file if it relates spatially in scale to your base map. We are searching for patterns and this is one of many layers that will need to match precisely to established, proscribed, and projected boundaries. Use the accurate detail and specificity already available for boundaries and help aid / inform your tracing (what to trace and how it relates to existing layers.

(Aerial Photos/Plans from Google Earth or Google Maps / Images for Diagrams / Infrastructural, Hydrological, Geological, etc Plans and Sections at a micro/macro scale or otherwise unable to find in ArcGIS)

Production

ea

4. Insert a Raster Post-production

Production SUEN Sustainable Urban Environments

Post-Production

Post-Production

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Production

Production

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GSD Platform 6

GSD Platform 6

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LCLA Luis Callejas

Post-production

Re s

ea

rc h

Research Production

GSD Platform 6

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Production School of Architecture Northeastern University

On Post-Production

1. Illustrator is for Post-Production and the Composition, Organization, and Clarity of your Project / Agenda.

2. Don’t wait to the last minute to start setting up and editiing your drawings in Illustrator, this is best part, and more important than you may think.

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SITE RECONNAISSANCE

RECORDING AND REPRESENTING AGILE TERRITORIES term

3 Layer Management, Layer Order and Organization (sequential, topological), Nesting Layers within Layers is key with complex projects such as these.

Post-Production

4. Post-Production in Illustrator is a crucial step in the design process.

If you’ve set your bounding box(s) up correctly you can begin building your plans, sections, and diagrams sooner than later, as design progress and revision can easily and efficiently be managed, deleted, edited, re-wblocked and added without the combersome process of re-placement and re-scaling every time (which may crash or slow down your computer). Visualizing your design on the page will help you make better informed design decisions.

meets instructor

Spring 2015 Thu 1:30-4:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

Reconnaissance

5. Illustrator is where you begin to “see” your design emerge (for better or worse).

While you may not be drawing in Illustrator, aesthetic adjustment of your drawings in AI is essential to communicating your ideas, revealing new interpretations, and exposing design or linework mistakes you’ll need to revise back in AutoCAD. 6. Titles, Headings, Subheadings, Text, Font Choice, and Alignment Text in AutoCAD is useful when labeling complex drawings, in conjunction with the use of leaders , or when the placement and organization of text structures and informes relational drawings such as your framework visualization. Titles, Headings, and Subheadings, are best developed in Illustrator, as the text exported from AutoCAD always requires re-editing. Any text in paragraph form, such as your narrative, should be written in InDesign or Word, spell checked, and then copy and pasted into AI. Don’t forget to de-hyphenate and align your paragraph!

7. Fills, and tonal variation (100% Black fill to 10% Fill) Know the difference between Fill and Opactiy and how effects (such as multiply) affect appearance in different ways.

Change the fill (100% Black to 50% Black will reduce the tone by 50% -gray- and not increase its transparency; while 100% Black Opacity to 50%Black Opacity changes the tone of Black by increasing its transparency). More of an issue in Photoshop- overuse of Opacity creates a muddy drawing. Unless you want to see the layers below, Never use the Opacity to reduce the tone of a color- USE FILL. 8. Editing Linework, Lineweight, Hatches via Stroke Editing.

Stroke’s from .001-.25 should be the most common. Thick lineweights should be reserved for basic diagrams of an intentionally simple aesthetic, or used sparinly for discrete elements that warrant attention. A thick lineweight is .5 - 1+.

Mylar is quite precise and elegant in displaying lineweight, and drama in tonal variation. Overuse of heavy lineweights will ruin the delicate balance between density, overlay, and accumulation of information, and delute/distract/reduce the drama of 100% Black fill and other discrete tonal fills.

credits in room for help

Military Surveying / Civil Engineering Geology

Four Semester Hours 047 Snell Library Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

A search made for useful military information in the field, especially by examining the ground.

A general examination or survey of a region, usually followed by a detailed survey.

An examination or survey of the general geological characteristics of a region.

SITE RECONNAISSANCE One of your objectives this semester is to integrate various media and modes of representation to express design intent.

Site reconnaissance implies a methodological approach to site documentation and a manner of traversing the terrain -with an acute awareness of environment established or defined by one’s agenda. Reconnaissance also alludes to the agility and openness necessary to register patterns and phenomena during site documentation to pioneering new discovery and progressive reinterpretation.

Each of you have territorialized risk and specified a terrain in need of further investigation (a framework and analysis of systemic exposure and vulnerability). Based upon your inclinations and the feedback you’ve received, methodologically survey the terrain with photography, notes, and found objects to evidence and substantiate your analysis and allegorize your narrative. This will require hundreds of photographs and perhaps multiple excursions in order to capture the scalar and temporal dimensions of vulnerability and exposure that characterize your project.

The depiction of space relies less on the accurate representation of a location or locations per se, and more on the patterns revealed by registers of a process, operation, and performance, and effects over time and space. We represent the complexity of risk and inherent dynamic of ecology via the documentation, representation, and visualization of temporal and scalar relationships of organisms or objects and their environment. This may be with soil samples taken along an transect; water samples testing for contamination or salinity from a certain CSO outlet between low and high tide, Monday-Wednesday-Friday; PH strip tests every 100 ft; via documentation of use or performance throughout the day; a change in color, composition, or materiality of water, vegetation, or population from space to the next; a typological analysis of street lamps... and so forth. Each example reveals systemic relationship and registers a controlled method of documenting a pattern via duration of time, spatial implication, and measurable effect.

THE AGENDA Of utmost importance is to prepare ahead; strategize excursion logistics for the efficient use of your time and resources.

An agenda should include a map and lists, outlines, or schedules. You may coordinate and/or collaborate with fellow classmates to document events, episodes, or sequences; to travel, rent or borrow a car; to photograph situations or locations outside of your site that are significant; to opportunistically cover more ground or time. Lists can include specific locations and intersections, thresholds, zones, corridors, points, elevations typologies and so forth.

ON DOCUMENTATION As stated earlier, this will require hundreds of photographs and perhaps multiple excursions.

I. Document your site reconnaissance with samples taken, found and retrieved objects, clippings, etc and bring to studio for further documentation.

II. Take panoramas and video of significant moments, episodes, events, and monumental spaces (photos can also be extracted from video).

III. On your base plan, map your movement, locations, patterns, and sequences spatially and notate chronologically.

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STUDIO METHODOLOGIES On Site Documentation

{read before heading to the site in order to plan your documentation}

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Document the Gowanus Urban Watershed with photography, notes, and/or found objects (as you did at Bussey Brook Meadow).

PHOTOSECTION / ESSAY / COLLAGE need 100+ of photographs for the exercisesAGILE below. TERRITORIES In addition you may wish to extract photos from video or take panoramas.

RECORDING AND REPRESENTING

You will

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Photo Essay Arrange your photos in a systematic manner. Highlight your interpretations of infrastructure via sequences of movement, time, pattern, scale, color composition, surprise me.

Below is a sequence of aerial images re-arranged from dark to light. By doing so, patterns emerge. The images are automatically grouped via an ecological relationship and a gradient of impact emerges -from urban to rural (agriculture) to forested reserve.

Spring 2015 credits Four Semester Hours Photo Essay 1:30-4:00 pm photography inin aroom 047 Snell Library DigitallyThu arrange your sequence (a continuous or connected series of photos). The sequence can either:

term

meets

instructor

Brad Goetz

for help

Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall

m.goetz@neu.edu Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm 1. Reinforce patterns, reveal relationships, and/or register elements of your assigned infrastructure or; 617.373.8208

And by appointment

2. You may choose a new logic: a sequence based upon color, time (morning to night), hard to soft ground, wet to dry, and so forth.

12”x36” (minimum sequence that cuts time and space with rhythm and purpose.

Write some InitialAthoughts as to dimensions) what you photographic may look for, or ideas onthrough organization:

PHOTOSECTION

On Blackboard: Reference SOAK Mumbai In An Estuary, specifically pages 19-28, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, Shane PhotoSection PHOTOESSAY

A 36”x36” (minimum dimensions) composite of image sequences assembled to juxtapose scale and process over time.

On Blackboard: Reference SOAK Mumbai In An Estuary, specifically upper half of pages 42, 49, 51, SallyLi PhotoEssay

PHOTOCOLLAGE

A 36”x36” (minimum dimensions) composite of images assembled systematically for reinterpretation.

On Blackboard: Reference Sam Parker PhotoCollage, Hannah Germait PhotoCollage, Francesca PhotoCollage

I. Choose two of the options below to develop in Photoshop from the photos taken during your site reconnaissance.

A. three photosections B. 0ne photoessay C. 0ne photocollage

II. Next, In Photoshop, create a high resolution and detailed aerial photograph of your base map. {via GIS or by splicing together images saved from Google Earth} The aerial mapping should encompass the area of your base map and be cropped such that all 4 edges of the final aerial are flush, uniform, and even (as in a rectangle).

The Sea and Monsoon Within: A Mumbai Manifesto Anuradha Mathur and Dilip da Cunha “A crash -and the Monsoon’s on us, in torrents everywhere,” is how one author in 1938 described a phenomenon that begins life anew each June in Mumbai, as elsewhere on the West Coast of India. This phenomenon calls attention to Mumbai as a “monsoon surface” rather than a place where water flows within rivers that being in sources

Olmsted’s Blank Snow Sergio Lopez-Piniero Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

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Chronological images of the snow. In contrast to summer’s green spaces, this project demonstrates the value of winter’s white spaces. Olmsted’s Blank Snow proposes a ‘whitesward’ for winter seasons, exposing how standard snow plowing practices can be considered beyond more practical needs. This winter landscape shall be observed as a snow observation ground, encouraging the city to appreciate the accumulation of snow, and it could positively alter a city’s public spaces.

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Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

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TERRAIN INDEX

DIGITAL FABRICATION

RECORDING AND REPRESENTING AGILE TERRITORIES term meets instructor

Spring 2015 Thu 1:30-4:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

40 inches long, 10 inches wide

MODEL MATERIAL

Either 1/8 inch corrugated cardboard {Sectional Model} Or 1/16” chipboard {Contour Model}

LOGISTICS

SYNTHESIS

SUEN 6120 GRADUATE STUDIO II / SUEN 7140 MASTERS RESEARCH STUDIO II

Four Semester Hours 047 Snell Library Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

MODEL DIMENSIONS

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term meets instructor

Spring 2015 Mon/Thu 10:30-1:30 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

Laser Cutter Sign Up

credits in room for help

Six Semester Hours Ruggles Studio Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

http://www.supersaas.com/schedule/School_of_Architecture/Laser_Cutter_Printing Biweekly Sign Up: Monday & Thursday the schedule is Open at 9:30am At the time of your appointment, bring your file on a USB drive to the monitor

At least 3 topographic conditions At least 2 variations of scale Articulated thresholds Temporal strategy Legible form

Materials

For the Contour ‘Stacked’ Model:

1/32” Sheets of Chip Board / Mat Board {Black / White}

For the Sectional Model: 1/8” Sheets of Corrugated Cardboard Board Size:

Materials should be precut before your laser appointment to 17-3/4” x 23-3/4” boards {in order to fit within the Laser Cutter Bed of 18” x 24”} Approx 2 Laser Cutter Boards per Sheet of Material. Use this ratio to estimate the quantity of material you will need to construct the model.

Photo visualization agenda Ecological process investigation Projective exploration Process, operation, landform

Sobo / Tacky Glue + Exacto Knife and Blades Metal Rods: You may use multiple metal toothed rods with washers and clamps to string your pieces together therefore maintaining some model flexibility.

Blick Art Materials:

At the time of purchase Blick can cut down the sheets for you at an additional cost Fenway: 401 Park Dr Landmark Center (617) 247-3322 Store Hours: Mo-Sa: 9-9, Su: 11-6

PURPOSE

Surface topography, underlies the design and performance of urban landscapes. Ranging from the manipulation of the ground and the modeling of large earthworks to the management of hydrological flow and conditioning of micro-climates, topographic design is an extensive and wide-ranging practice, integral to the infrastructure of urban sites.

It is both a factor and force-generator of hydrological and geological systems. As an often subtle dimension of urban environments due to its scale and horizontality, its design is best expressed through the performance and patterns of different surface materials and ground occupations, over time. The ‘terrain index model’ is research as design into the formational and deformational logics, processes, and performance of topography morphologically, materially, and programmatically.

The ‘index terrain model’ is understood as an visualization of the flows and forces acting on and through the ground. For an indexical concept of topography, therefore, ground is a dynamic, fluid medium, rather than passive or inert material. Engaging the ground as a fluid medium thus demands an exploration of the geomorphological and geotechnical processes that generate and degenerate landform.

Designing topography is about the production of discrete and legible form, and a temporal strategy whereby that process of production is replicated, diminished, amplified, cycled, etc. The strategic temporal deployment of a tactical topographical process results in complex spatial interactions and patterns. These deployments may be synchronized or unsynchronized, cyclical or randomized; such dynamics produce spatial complexity through both synchronicity and interference. Complexity is not the objective of topographical design, but the spatial index of a temporal topographic strategy.

Symphony: 333 Massachusetts Ave (617) 262-4948 Store Hours: Mo-Fr: 9-8, Sa: 9-6, Su: 11-6

KEEP IN MIND: THE MODEL IS AN INDEX OF POSSIBILITIES 1. The index model is a framework we use to demonstrate and address modes of systemic adaptation necessary to address risk as defined by exposure and vulnerability. {We are not designing to cope with future hazards or manage disaster events. Our design must address contributing factors i.e. the fragile, weakened, inadequate, inept, or maladaptive social/ environmental/economic/institutional infrastructures that actuate impact.} 2. The index model is an aggregate construction of fundamental operations and intrinsical form necessary to address exposure and systemic vulnerability to climate change. {Fundamental operations and intrinsical form should be diagrammed.} 3. The index model is an instrument to design for change; to test and anticipate the flexibility of an infrastructural landscape to multidimensional and differential conditions. {As this is an index of operation via a range of conditions and parameters, the model should illustrate gradients of discrete and legible form to more amorphous or indeterminate form. Such gradients of transformation mimic iterations of the system along a continuum of spatial, temporal, and climatic conditions. Look to the power point located on Blackboard for additional examples.} 4. The index model is a data processing machine enabled by parametric software to develop landscape performance metrics and assess ecosystem services.

TERRAIN INDEX ANALYSIS: AXONOMETRIC

{Metrics should be included in the diagrams mentioned above as they are inherent to a system’s operation, performance, and form. Such metrics provide benchmarks to assess performance, quantify ecosystem services, and are a means to reinterpret new operation, performance, and form.} 5. The index model is a transdisciplinary armature and generative tactic we use to birth novel forms of hybridity and envision synthetic terrains. {On Hybridity: the studies in inter-relationships, Anita Berrizbeitia discusses several forms of hybridity including Formal (combining types), Ecological (native/non-native)and Methodological (process/form). On Synthesis: the combination of two or more parts, whether by design or by natural processes. Furthermore, it may imply being prepared or made artificially, in contrast to naturally.} 6. The index model is an interpretation of contour from which we will extract relational strategies and meaningful patterns of operation, form, and performance. {On Contour: the outline of a figure or body; the edge or line that defines or bounds a shape or object. As Scott Bishop discussed on Monday, the Plan is a base to formulate and layer a series of activities and actions upon. Plans are assemblages of the above definition (the edge or line that defines or bounds a shape or object.) The patterns (or contours that represent form i.e. landscape) extracted from your model index (define or bounds) transformation, adaptation, and hybridization of the operations and performance you deem necessary for your project.} Patterns distilled as prototypes are deployed across the terrain to visualize (in plan) transformation and manifest change. These prototypes should conform/deform/and perform in a systematic manner.

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STUDIO METHODOLOGIES School of Architecture Northeastern University

Navigate and then Download the AutoCad NEU Laser Cutter Template

http://www.northeastern.edu/camd/architecture/community/students/facilities/laser-cutter/

1. File >

Check your file’s units and scale.

Settings >

Model Units

[Inches]

Distance Display

[Feet & Inches]

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TERRAIN MORPHOMETRY PROCESS-DRIVEN MODELING term meets

2. Sides and Base

If you haven’t already, create the sides and a base for the model

keep in mind your method of construction and material thickness

3. Contour >

Select Objects > Contour Plane Base Point > (check ortho is on)

Use Top Window for Sectional Models:

instructor

Spring 2015 Thu 1:30-4:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

Four Semester Hours 047 Snell Library Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

> Direction Perpindicular to Contour Planes > Distance Between Contours [1/8”]

On Terrain Morphometry {A Background}

or Use Front or Side Window for Contour Models:

Morphometrics (from Greek “morphé”, meaning ‘shape’ or ‘form’, and “metría”, meaning ‘measurement’) or morphometry refers to the quantitative analysis of form, a concept that encompasses size and shape.

> Direction Perpindicular to Contour Planes > Distance Between Contours [1/16”]

Terrain Morphometry (or geomorphometry, geomorphological analysis, or terrain analysis and land surface analysis) is the science of quantitative land surface analysis. It gathers various mathematical, statistical and image processing techniques that can be used to quantify morphological, hydrological, ecological and other aspects of a land surface. Terrain Morphometry aims at extracting A. land surface parameters i.e. morphometric (of form, size and shape), hydrological, climatic and so forth and B. extract objects i.e. watersheds, stream networks, landforms etc. using digital elevation models or DEM and parameterization software. Extracted surface parameters and objects can then be used, for example, to improve mapping and modelling of soils, vegetation, land use, and geomorphological and geological features.

then, In the Properties Window: Change the Yellow Highlighted Contours to a New Layer “Contours” for instance

4. New Layer for Boards {18” x 24” with an inner 1/4” offset}

With the rapid increase of sources of DEMs today, such as LIDAR-based projects, extraction of land surface parameters is becoming more and more attractive to numerous fields ranging from precision agriculture, soil-landscape modelling, climatic and hydrological applications to urban planning, landscape ecology, and urban ecology. The topography of almost all Earth has been today sampled or scanned, so that DEMs are available at resolutions of 100 m or better at global scale.

5. New Layer for Cut

Land surface parameters are today successfully used for both stochastic and process-based modelling, the only remaining issue being the level of detail and vertical accuracy of the DEM.

6. New Layer for Score {if needed}

7. Make 2D {keep source layers}

Part I Analysis Documentation

8. In Plan / Top View select boards with contents and save as a 2000.dxf or .dxf file format

Investigate an ecological process/topic relevant to your project’s agenda. Assemble research terms, definitions, and components into one (word/indesign) document.

9. Open .dxf file in AutoCad, Select all and copy with base point into the NEU Tempate

10. Edit Layers + Delete original boards

1.

Fundamental concepts: 1 list of fundamental concepts relevant to the research topic, each with a brief 1-2 sentence synopsis. {What was the impetus for choosing this topic, why is it significant; your topic’s characteristics, conditions, aims, potentials, themes}

2.

Terminology defined: 1 list of essential process/function-driven terms with definitions essential to one’s comprehension of the topic.

3.

Components sequence: 1 list of core components arranged as a sequence. For example, lists may be sequenced chronologically, by scale, % change of a shared element or composition, adjacency, by color/tone (blue to green, light to dark), by effect or affect.

For instance, the components of an car engine could be arranged via gasoline and its transformation from liquid to heat/gas/exhaust.

Synopsis: a brief or condensed statement giving a general view of some subject.

Component: a constituent part; the elements; or ingredients involved; a constituent part or aspect of something more complex.

Sequence: the following of one thing after another; succession; a continuous or connected series; a subsequent event; result; consequence.

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4.

Dimensions of time and transformation: 1 list of relevant durations, periods, and or frequencies necessary to describe the multiple dimensions of transformation over time, in scale, and composition etc. For example, a tropical depression may take days to accumulate enough energy to become a hurricane. The hurricane becomes a “disaster event” when it approaches landfall (which on average has a duration of 6 to 12 hours). A Nor’easter “disaster event” lasts on average from 12 hours to 3 days; diurnal tides (2 high + 2 low tides per day is a frequency) take 12.5 hours between high and low tide, spring tides (very high tides) occur twice a month still with 12.5 hours between low and high tide; sequestration rates depend on species and may be cyclical or seasonal. For instance, a meadow will sequester carbon at a different rate that a poplar field. Each is harvested, either seasonally or every 20 years.

5.

Precedents: 1 list of precedent examples that can be located for reference. This list provides various spatial manifestations of your topic and therefore can illustrate transformation via spatial implication. You will need a location / region / zone that can be found via google Earth. Include an aerial exported from Google Earth as well as perspective or birds-eye view for each.

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Part II Systems Diagram

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RISK LANDSCAPES / FEBRUARY 26, 2015

Diagram the systemic relationships documented in Part I. Remember, ecology is the study of relations and interactions between organisms and their environment, including other organisms, and the spacing and interdependence of people and institutions. In simple terms, you are investigating a set of relationships and their impact. You are then mapping (deconstructing and distilling) your topic’s relationships i.e. the coupled human-environmental systems involved. This exercise should enlighten and clarify the function, form, and performance of your topic within the landscape.

SUEN6120/7140 SUSTAINABLE URBAN SYSTEMS

term meets instructor

1. Begin by mapping the systemic environmental-ecological relationships, processes, and components delineated and defined in your analysis documentation. Include key metrics from your research, directive titles, and informative labels. Draw this in AutoCAD as a base layer.

2. Second, on a new layer in AutoCAD, map the systemic human/urban-ecological relationships, processes, and components. Draw this as an overlay using the structure and logic of the base to specify its organization and impact.

Spring 2015 Thu 1:30-4:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

Four Semester Hours 047 Snell Library Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

ON KATE ORFF Kate Orff is the 2014 recipient of the Buckminster Fuller Institute (BFI) Challenge, socially responsible design’s highest award; founder & design director at SCAPE of New York; co-author of Petrochemical America; and winning recipient of REBUILD BY DESIGN for her Living Breakwaters proposal.

3. Include basic plan and section diagrams illustrating topographic and spatial implication.

How do you visualize the systems flows/institutions/zones/networks/engineered infrastructures and there impact?

How do you organize and then visualize the intersections, connections, alignments, and reactions etc. between the two systems, and how does one system intervene, augment, disturb, distort, or transform the other?

We now know human-environmental systems are inextricably linked, even though in the past they were designed and studied in isolation. In reality, the 2 mappings are not separate systems but one single ecology, but in order to study them we must deconstruct and analyze how each effects the another. Why? Because we want to learn how to reuse, harness, enhance, and/or hybridize, the process-driven forms that naturally occur in the landscape -as these systems can “learn” and adapt to knew conditions. Therefore we must distinguish a set of processes, interpret how form is derived from process, recognize that process + form = performance and be able to measure performance and assess performance, and learn how the performance (process + form) can adapt to various climatic,environmental, and human conditions. We do this, because modifications in performance allow the landscape to adapt to various conditions, and performance (process+form) provides us the organizational relationships that spatialize landform and actuate performance at different scales.

SCHEDULE 10:30-1:30

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

A landform/landscape’s performance is what we define as its ecosystem services.

The process+form that produce landform, its spatial organization and arrangement within the landscape is what is characterized by surface.

Migdalia Mugzy Luis Lisa Kiersten Jiaqi break Meital Feng Charles Massoud

10:45 11:00 11:15 11:30 11:45 12:00 12:30 12:45 1:00 1:15

Compile your boards so that I may look at them and make comments over the weekend.

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1:45-2:45pm 102 Ryder

Informal conversation with Kate on a discussion of her work on environmental challenges, green infrastructure and urban design in award winning projects, such as Living Breakwaters for the Rebuild By Design competition (http://www.rebuildbydesign.org/project/scape-landscape-architecture-final-proposal/)

3:30-4:30pm Gallery 360:

Gallery talk by Kate Orff, principal of SCAPE STUIO in New York (http://www.scapestudio.com) Kate will discuss her book Petrochemical America, co-produced with photographer Richard Misrach and ongoing design research its exhibition.

Studio Monday

On Monday we will begin modeling strategies and tactics based upon your analysis documentation and visualization.

Please be prepared to upload/plot by Tuesday of next week in preparation of Thursday’s Midterm.

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STUDIO METHODOLOGIES School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

L1-4 RISK LANDSCAPE

L1 FRAMING RISK

Monday / Thursday Brad Goetz Tuesday 12:30-5:00 pm

Monday / Thursday Brad Goetz Tuesday 12:30-5:00 pm

SUEN6120/7140 SUSTAINABLE URBAN SYSTEMS

Chapter 1 Chapter 2

SUEN6120/7140 SUSTAINABLE URBAN SYSTEMS

10:30-2:00 pm Ruggles Studio m.goetz@neu.edu Holmes 583 (Office Hours)

Chapter 1 Chapter 2

Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, 2012.

Climate Change: New Dimensions in Disaster Risk, Exposure, Vulnerability, and Resilience Determinants of Risk: Exposure and Vulnerability

10:30-2:00 pm Ruggles Studio m.goetz@neu.edu Holmes 583 (Office Hours)

Climate Change: New Dimensions in Disaster Risk, Exposure, Vulnerability, and Resilience Determinants of Risk: Exposure and Vulnerability Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation:

Boston Living With Water Competition Brief + Site III Materials, 2014.

Envisioning Information, Edward Tufte, 1990.

The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Edward Tufte, 1983.

Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 10 Chapter 11

The Book of Trees: Visualizing Branches of Knowledge, Manuel Lima, 2014.

Figurative Trees Vertical Trees Horizontal Trees Multidirectional Trees Radial Trees Hyperbolic Trees Sunbursts Icicle Trees

Chapter 2

Practice: Architecture, Technique + Representation, Stan Allen, 2009.

Notation and Diagrams: Mapping the Intangible

Hazard

S

Geographic Demographic Cultural

S

Institutional Governance Envvironment

Exposure

Wealth

S

Education

Race Ethnicity Religion

S

Gender

Age

S

Class / Caste

Disability

S

Health Status

Frequency

Duration

Global

Individual

T

Transitional

Frequency

Duration

Global

Individual

T

Transitional

Frequency

Duration

Global

Individual

T

Transitional

Frequency

Duration

Global

Individual

T

Transitional

Frequency

Duration

Global

Individual

T

Transitional

Frequency

Duration

Global

Individual

T

Transitional

Frequency

Duration

Individual

Global

S

T

Intensity

Social

Transitional

Frequency

T

Frequency

Economic

Duration

Individual

Global

Frequency

Transitional

S

Type

T

Intensity

Frequency

Type

S

Duration

Individual

Global

Risk=Threat x Impact

Transitional

Risk = Threat x Impact

Risk is multi-dimensional and differential, in that risk is conceptualized not as one event, but as a continuum able to evolve and change constantly. Such a nexus requires different modalities of intervention across temporal and spatial scales, and among and within social groups. Chapters one and two introduced the fundamental concepts, definitions, contexts, and management concerns necessary to deconstruct risk and to frame resilience. Chapters one and two also provide the foundation from which you must filter and organize all subsequent research.

Vulnerability

Threat

Listed below are the essential concepts required to structure risk and legitimize future design speculation. You are tasked with developing a theoretical framework that spatially positions and visually defines these concepts. Your interpretation should organize and clarify these dynamic relationships (causal, interdependent, hierarchical, nested, sequential, scalar, temporal, cyclical) joining these concepts. The framework developed should help you guide future research, define future design strategies, and provide a baseline methodology to assess future scenarios of landscape performance. The concepts listed below are components you will need to address in this visualization. (Maintain a comprehensive word document with concepts for future reference and narratives).

Impact

Risk

Risk

REVIEW ONE SCHEDULE Week

Date

Project Sequence

Project Phase

Presentations & Reviews

w01

mon12jan thu15jan

L1

Risk Landscapes Risk Landscapes

Studio Introduction & Project Launch (beyond sustainability) Resilience Glossary (the need for a common lexicon)

w02

mon19jan thu22jan

L1

Risk Landscapes Risk Landscapes

MLK Birthday Dynamic Vulnerability (multi-dimensional and differential )

w03

mon26jan thu29jan

L1 L2

Risk Landscapes Risk Landscapes

Micro-Conference: Grounds for Engagement Aggregate Exposure

w04

mon02feb thu05feb

L2 L3

Risk Landscapes Risk Landscapes

Aggregate Exposure Specify & Delimit Vulnerability

w05

mon09feb

L4

Risk Landscapes

Territorialize Risk

tues10feb

Plot Deadline

Risk Landscapes

500 word narrative

thu12feb

Review One

Risk Landscapes

Student Presentations: Jane Amidon, Scott Bishop, (Kathryn Gustafson)

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Ask yourself: What is resilience and the components that must be addressed? How would I explain and map its dimensions? How would I know if my design was, adaptive or maladaptive? Could I more precisely frame ‘exposure’ and ‘vulnerability’ (the who, what, when, where) via my research trajectory and/or the Boston Living With Water Competition?

Risk Continuum, Event, Impact, Metrics Hazard Exposure / Vulnerability, Vulnerability Drivers Coping, Coping Range, Capacity, Adaptive Capacity Resilience (Disaster) Risk Management, (Disaster) Risk Reduction, (Disaster) Management Adaptation / Mitigation Adaptation, Exigency, Constraint, Reactivity, Orientation Adaptation, Learning, Transformation Maladaptation Use the examples provided on Blackboard entitled Framing Risk for potential visualization strategies. Visualizations must be vector based, no raster images, and developed in AutoCad. Print and present to the class.

1

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1

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

L3 L1

SPECIFY & DELIMIT VULNERABILITY

FRAMING RISK

Risk = Threat x Impact: where “impact” implies the level to which fragile environmental and human systems are effected. A McHargian analysis is necessary to further frame risk as a continuum and identify the multidimensional and differential contributing factors that define its landscape. The interdependence between human-environmental systems, the effects of climate change, and their manifestation over time and in scale requires hybrid forms of visualization. Develop a sequence of axonometric drawings that demonstrate episodes of vulnerability. This sequence should reveal contributing factors to systemic failure, and expose impact at multiple levels, and project cascading effects.

Deconstruct, define, and elucidate the complexities of “adaptation” to climate change and its integration with “disaster risk management” i.e. the webbing of concepts, methods, strategies, instruments, and experience gained from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on risk as a “continuum” and “vulnerability” as paradigm.

Where “resilience” is measured and defined by systemic exposure, vulnerability, and the capacity of coupled human-environmental systems to adapt and learn; and less on its ability to mitigate impact of an extreme hazard or cope with a singular disaster event. Students are tasked with visualizing the continuum of risk via “hazard”, “exposure”, and “vulnerability” as a means of interpreting the multiple dimensions and interdependence of socio-ecological factors contributing to climate change risk. This representation of relationships will act as a lattice from which to grow one’s understanding of risk, structure one’s research, and frame future design strategies.

Method of Representation: a series of vector based exploded axonometric drawings with documentation.

Method of Representation: vector based concept map.

L4

L2

Define risk by its spatial implication. L1-3 equip you with a multifaceted perspective of risk; its various dimensions of exposure, thresholds of vulnerability, and magnitudes of impact. Based upon this framework, develop metrics from which you can 1. measure landscape performance and impact, 2. inform strategies of adaptation, 3. site your grounds of engagement.

AGGREGATE EXPOSURE

Risk = Threat x Impact: where “threat” is the type, frequency, and intensity of hazard + the environmental and human systems exposed to threat. Develop analysis mappings and graphs at a minimum of 3 spatial scales, 3 temporal scales, and address 2 dimensions of a population. Representation of exposure is necessary to frame risk as a continuum, and to identify the multidimensional and differential contributing factors that define its landscape. Remember, exposure is defined as the presence (geographic location) of people or livelihoods, environmental services and resources (physical and biological systems), infrastructure, or economic, social, or cultural assets -in places that could be adversely affected by and subject to potential future harm, loss, or damage. I.e. the human and environmental systems adversely affected by physical events, mediating social structures (e.g. economic and regulatory), and institutions. For example I may develop a series of mappings on hydraulic fracturing/”fracking” at multiple spatial scales (globally/nationally/regionally etc.) + a mapping of aquifers/watersheds at multiple spatial scales + mapping of contamination (via EPA, brownfields, superfund sites, air quality, census rates of cancer/poverty/household income etc.) at multiple spatial scales, and perhaps the method of its distribution and processing (pipelines/ trains). Each of us must consider climate change and various temporal scales, and so perhaps I may map current FEMA flood maps + IPCC maps of future flood in order to illustrate the seasonal nature of tourism and how population exposure varies over the year. Additionally I may investigate a relevant ecological process, management regime, or institutional system that is cyclical in nature and should be represented by a graph over time along with its varying intensity, concentration, or spatial implication. Vector based representation. An assemblage of exposed terrains, exposed ecologies, exposed habitat, exposed populations, and exposed infrastructures via planar mappings and graphs over time. Future design strategies are developed in Phase II as adaptable prototypes and therefore should have a broader implication and application.

TERRITORIALIZE RISK

Method of Representation: vector based plan + logic diagrams/metrics.

Method of Representation: vector based maps + supplementary documentation/graphs over time and scale.

Scenarios -

+30 +29

+30

+28

+29

+26

+28

+24

+27

+22

+26

+20

+25

+18

1. All scenarios stemming fr om 2080 sea level projection.

+27

+25

+23

+21

+19

+17 +16

+24

+15

+23

+14

+22

+12

+21

+10

+13

+11

+9 BULKHEAD HEIGHT

+8

+20

+7 +6

+19

+5 2080 Projected Sea Level

+18

+4

+17

+2

+3

+14

+30

+13

+28

+12

+26

+11

+24

+10

+22

+9

+20

BULKHEAD HEIGHT +8

+18

+7

+16

+6

+14

+5

+12

+4

+10

Floodwater Recession

+25

+23

+21

+19

+17

+15

+13

+11

+9 BULKHEAD HEIGHT

+8 +7

+2

+6

+1

+4

+5

+3

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G O WA N U S S T O R M S U R G E C A L C U L AT O R

2

Floodwater Recession

Infiltration

Storm Surge Height Tropical Storm - 1.5’ Category 1 - 4.7’ Category 2 - 7’ Category 3 - 11’ Category 4 - 15.5’ Category 5 - 20’

Current Sea Level

Tide Low Tide High Tide

+1

Floodwater Recession

Infiltration

Storm Surge Height Tropical Storm - 1.5’ Category 1 - 4.7’ Category 2 - 7’ Category 3 - 11’ Category 4 - 15.5’ Category 5 - 20’

Tide Low Tide High Tide

+2

Sea Level

2020 Projected Level Current Sea Level

2. Hurricane Sandy storm surge projected onto a storm of the same magnitude in 2080.

+27

+3 2050 Projected Level

Scenarios -

+29

Sea Level

2080 Projected Level

Infiltration

Tide Low Tide High Tide

Sea Level

+15

Storm Surge Height Tropical Storm - 1.5’ Category 1 - 4.7’ Category 2 - 7’ Category 3 - 11’ Category 4 - 15.5’ Category 5 - 20’

+1

+16

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DESIGN STRATEGIES FRAMING RISK TO DEFINE RESILIENCE

Student Work Risk Framework Luis Antonio Barsotti Spring 2015, Northeastern University

DESIGN STRATEGIES SITE RECONNAISSANCE

Student Work Site Reconnaissance Massoud Bagheri Spring 2015, Northeastern University

DESIGN STRATEGIES

ARMATURES OF CHANGE / MODELS OF THOUGHT

Student Work Armatures of Change Meital Ganor Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Student Work Terrain Morphometry / Index Model Meital Ganor Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Student Work Landscape Performance Metrics Meital Ganor Spring 2015, Northeastern University

DESIGN STRATEGIES

ARMATURES OF CHANGE / MODELS OF THOUGHT

Student Work Armatures of Change Charles Creagh Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Student Work Armatures of Change Muge Undemir Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Student Work Terrain Morphometry / Index Model Muge Undemir Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Student Work Armatures of Change Muge Undemir Spring 2015, Northeastern University

DESIGN STRATEGIES

ARMATURES OF CHANGE / MODELS OF THOUGHT

Student Work Armatures of Change Feng Xue Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Student Work Armatures of Change Migdalia Colon Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Student Work Terrain Morphometry / Index Model Migdalia Colon Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Student Work Armatures of Change Migdalia Colon Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Student Work Thesis Project Mario Accordino Spring 2015, Northeastern University

MASTER OF DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

School of Architecture Northeastern University

URBAN ECOLOGIES & TECHNOLOGIES SUEN 7240 Urban Ecologies and Technologies Term Meets Instructor

Spring 2015 Thu 1:30-4:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208 583 Holmes Hall

Credits In Room For Help

Four Semester Hours 047 Snell Library Office Hours Tue: 12:30-5:00 pm Wed: 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

MODELING CHANGE: LANDSCAPE AS A MEDIUM OF INTERRELATION AND ARMATURE OF ADAPTATION

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course explores the strategic, temporal deployment of topographical processes, the development of protoecological strategies, and the design of speculative futures that contribute to the environmental and cultural life of the city. With instructor guidance, Urban Ecologies & Technologies offers students an opportunity to identify a potential eco-technology project to design through engagement with community members, public, or institutional clients. The course involves a sequence of inter-related layers where students conduct McHargian site analysis and documentation; research reclamation methods, ecological processes, and landscape performance methods; conduct morphological studies; and develop designed scenarios.

Strategic [struh-tee-jik] adjective:

Pertaining to, characterized by, or of the nature of a plan, method, or series of maneuvers or stratagems for obtaining a specific goal or result.

Temporal [tem-per-uh l, tem-pruh l] adjective:

Of or relating to time.

Deploy [dih-ploi-ment] verb:

To distribute systematically or strategically.

Topography [tuh-pog-ruh-fee] noun:

The detailed description, especially by means of surveying. The relief features or surface configuration of an area.

The features, relations, or configuration of a structural entity. A schema of a structural entity, as of the mind, a field of study, or society, reflecting a division into distinct areas having a specific relation or a specific position relative to one another.

Speculation [spek-yuh-ley-shuh n] noun:

The contemplation or consideration of some subject: to engage in speculation on humanity’s ultimate destiny.

Reclamation [rek-luh-mey-shuh n] noun:

The reclaiming of desert, marshy, or submerged areas or other wasteland for cultivation or other use. The process or industry of deriving usable materials from waste, by-products, etc.

Scenario [si-nair-ee-oh, -nahr-] noun:

An imagined or projected sequence of events, especially any of several detailed plans or possibilities. A predicted sequence of events: let’s try another scenario, involving the demise of democracy.

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1

COURSE METHODOLOGIES School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

ON SPECULATIVE DESIGN

SCHEDULE IN BRIEF

Speculative design serves two distinct purposes: first, to enable us to think about the future and second, to critique current practice. As one of the core motivations of this practice is to shift the discussion on technology beyond the fields of experts to a broad popular audience, the choice of ‘speculative’ is preferable as it suggests a direct correlation between ‘here and now’ and existence of the design concept.

Week

Date

Phase One

1.

To remove the constraints from the commercial sector that define normative design processes.

w01

thu15jan

Course Introduction & Project Launch

2.

Use models and prototypes at the heart of the enquiry.

w02

thu22jan

Modeling and Fabrication Techniques

3.

Use fiction to present alternative products, systems or worlds.

w03

thu29jan

Modeling and Fabrication Techniques

w04

thu05feb

Phase One Submission

Week

Date

Phase Two

w05

thu12feb

Urban Landscape Ecology & Hybrid Analytical Visualization

w06

thu19feb

Modeling and Fabrication Techniques

w07

thu26feb

Modeling and Fabrication Techniques

w08

thu05mar

Phase Two Submission

w09

thu12mar

Spring Break

ON SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY

Surface topography, underlies the design and performance of urban landscapes. Ranging from the manipulation of the ground and the modeling of large earthworks to the management of hydrological flow and conditioning of micro-climates, topographic design is an extensive and wide-ranging practice, integral to the infrastructure of urban sites. It is both a factor and force-generator of hydrological and geological systems. As an often subtle dimension of urban environments due to its scale and horizontality, its design is best expressed through the performance and patterns of different surface materials and ground occupations, over time.

ON MORPHOLOGY

1.

2.

The study of the forms of things.

Patterns are relationships between:

Processes and Organization / Function and Expression / Information and Communication

AIM

1.

Prepare our students to probe, interpret and connect increasingly complex networks of interdependent systems, to acknowledge and re-interpret spatial, scalar and temporal urban-ecological relationships, and to provide the fundamental tools to cultivate green infrastructure with improved ecosystem service capabilities.

2.

Provide an innovative as well as unique approach to engineering and landscape prototyping of the temporal, scalar, and material qualities necessary when designing for resilience and adaptation.

3.

Explore potential synergies among its students and their departments around the topic of urban ecology, broached as a hybrid of design and engineering and incorporating the evolving technology of 3D fabrication.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AS URBAN SURFACES

Ecosystem services, such as water purification, crop pollination, climate regulation, carbon sequestration, and storm surge mitigation are inherent to the structure, operation, and processes of the urban landscape and underpin the capacity of an ecosystem to provide integral goods and services.

Surface strategies are frameworks to recalibrate existing infrastructures in order to amplify, enhance, and or augment the operation of degraded or at risk urban landscapes.

The Eco-Surface, ecosystem services as urban surface approach, acts as a multi-functional system to amend ecological services, re-shape spatial practice, and generate resilient urban form.

The eco-surface is a trans-disciplinary approach using digital fabrication to integrate and create prototypes of service with surface for urban adaptation and resiliency. In our increasingly interdependent urban environment, the ability to employ an array of design approaches and media provides incredible potential to develop, test, produce, and communicate operational and spatial ideas with clarity and agency.

Week

Date

Phase Three

w10

thu19mar

Landscape Performance

w11

thu26mar

Modeling and Fabrication Techniques

w12

thu02apr

Modeling and Fabrication Techniques

w13

thu09apr

Design Scenarios

w14

thu16apr

Representation Techniques

w15

thu23apr

Final Production

w16

thu30apr

Final Production

mon04may

Final Digital Submissions

m.goetz@neu.edu

Eco-Surface strategies call for a retooling of design methodology and spatial practice by conjoining design, environmental engineering and urban ecology. Not just infrastructural components but living systems, Ecosystem Surface Strategies examine the interdisciplinary integration of ecological and material technologies and specifications to address, mitigate, leverage, adapt, and subvert the effects of climate change upon our urban coastal waterfronts.

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

RHINOCEROS (RHINO)

Is free for Mac computers and available here http://mac.rhino3d.com. Otherwise I would suggest asking your peers or the upper landscape students on how they found a PC copy.

STUDENT EVALUATION

School of Architecture Northeastern University

The final grade will represent the balance of attendance, completion of all assignments, verbal participation, presentations, and the quality of work produced in studio. Project evaluation throughout the term places significant emphasis on clarity, legibility, originality, depth and synthesis. The course grade includes a growth factor through the various studio projects as well as involvement, attendance and participation in the studio, workshops, labs, and presentation.

Rhinoceros 3d gained its popularity in architectural design in part because of the many new avant-garde designers using parametric modeling tools Rhino’s increasing popularity is based on its diversity, multi-disciplinary functions, low learning-curve, relatively low cost, and its ability to import and export over 30 file formats, which allows Rhino to act as a ‘converter’ tool between programs in a design workflow.

Craft:

Skill in planning, making, or executing. An activity that involves making something in a skillful way by using your hands.

Rigor:

The quality or state of being very exact, careful, or strict.

ADOBE CREATIVE CLOUD (ILLUSTRATOR, INDESIGN)

Legibility:

Capable of being read or deciphered; understood.

Is cheap for students and available here http://www.adobe.com/products/creativecloud/students.edu.html

Synthesis:

Something that is made by combining different things (such as ideas). The composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole.

Adobe Creative Cloud is a service from Adobe Systems that gives users access to the company’s suites of software for graphic design, video editing, and web development applications and cloud services. It works on a software as a service model where the consumers don’t own the software but are merely renting its for the duration of the subscription. When the subscription ends and isn’t renewed, the user loses access to the applications as well as some work saved in proprietary formats that can’t be used with competing applications. Internet connection is required for upgrading and using online features.

25%

PHASE ONE

35%

PHASE TWO

40%

PHASE THREE

AUTOCAD STUDENT VERSION

A growth factor is expected with regards to execution and synthesis of topics and tactics, and will be incorporated within the evaluation, as will your participation and effort, completion of assignments, attendance, and participation. If you need to miss a class because of a religious holiday or event, you must let me know within the first two weeks of the semester of your intentions so that arrangements can be made to reschedule the work.

Is free for students and available here http://students.autodesk.com/?nd=download_center AutoCAD is licensed at a significant discount over commercial retail pricing to qualifying students and teachers, with a 36-month license available. The student version of AutoCAD is functionally identical to the full commercial version, with one exception: DWG files created or edited by a student version have an internal bit-flag set (the “educational flag”). When such a DWG file is printed by any version of AutoCAD (commercial or student), the output includes a plot stamp / banner on all four sides.

PREZI

STUDENT FEEDBACK

The College of Art, Media and Design considers student feedback essential and requires all students to complete TRACE evaluations at the end of the semester. You will be asked to provide a screen shot to your instructor that reflects your participation. Note that you can, anonymously, opt out of completing the survey and still obtain the screen shot that satisfies the TRACE requirement.

Prezi provides discounts to students with a school email address. Available here http://prezi.com/pricing-4/edu/ Prezi is a cloud-based presentation software and storytelling tool for presenting ideas on a virtual canvas. The product employs a zooming user interface, which allows users to zoom in and out of their presentation media, and allows users to display and navigate through information.

ACADEMIC HONESTY

Northeastern University and the School of Architecture are committed to the principles of intellectual honesty and integrity. Members of the Northeastern community are expected to maintain complete honesty in all academic work, presenting only that which is their own work in tests and assignments. Should you have any questions regarding proper attribution of the work of others, contact your professor prior to submitting work for evaluation, or refer to the university policies on the subject (http://www. northeastern.edu/osccr/academicintegrity/). catalogue

sectioning

exploded Axonometric

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COURSE METHODOLOGIES

REMEDIATIVE MILIEU

REMEDIATIVE MILIEU - PERFORMANCE

carolina clemente

carolina clemente

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

module Carolina Clemente

aggregation

GROUNDWATER POLLUTION URBAN POLLUTION

IMPERVIOUS SURFACE RUNOFF

BACTERIA BIOREMEDIATOR SEA SPONGES

ORGANIC MATTER REMOVAL OF TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON

SEWAGE INDUSTRY

REMEDIATIVE MILIEU

REMEDIATIVE MILIEU

DEBRIS

carolina clemente

Carolina Clemente 3D Print

carolina clemente

REMEDIATIVE MILIEU

carolina clemente

constant water flow

nutrient/water exchange and filtration

nutrient/water exchange and filtration

SUEN Sustainable Urban Environments

time-based erosion

6

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

PHASE ONE

TERRAIN MORPHOMETRY

SUEN 7240 Urban Ecologies and Technologies Spring 2015 Thu 1:30-4:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208 583 Holmes Hall

credits

week

date

w01 w02

term meets instructor

School of Architecture Northeastern University

SUEN 7240 Urban Ecologies and Technologies credits

instructor

Spring 2015 Thu 1:30-4:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

synopsis

week

date

synopsis

thu15jan

Course Introduction & Project Launch

w06

thu19feb

Index Modeling Surface Topographies

thu22jan

Process Driven Design; Process Representation; Rhino Modeling Techniques

w07

thu26feb

Hybrid Analytical Visualization

w08

thu05mar

Phase One: Terrain Morphometry Due: Topic Representation, Visualization, and Fabrication + Topic Lists

in room for help

Four Semester Hours 047 Snell Library Office Hours Tue: 12:30-5:00 pm Wed: 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

term meets

in room for help

Four Semester Hours 047 Snell Library Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Tue/Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

1. Investigate an ecological process and compile data. Create a folder for images and a word document organized by: A.

B. C.

Investigate an ecological process and compile data. Create a folder for images and a word document organized by:

1 list of fundamental concepts each with a synopsis. What are aspects or characteristics; relevant conditions; aims, potentials, reasons for investigation, utility; subjects, themes topics; the significance.

Synopsis: a brief or condensed statement giving a general view of some subject.

1.

Fundamental concepts: 1 list of fundamental concepts relevant to the research topic, each with a brief 1-2 sentence synopsis. {What was the impetus for choosing this topic, why is it significant; your topic’s characteristics, conditions, aims, potentials, themes}

2.

Terminology defined: 1 list of essential process/function-driven terms with definitions essential to one’s comprehension of the topic.

3.

Components sequence: 1 list of core components arranged as a sequence -with 2 additional iterations. For example, lists may be sequenced chronologically, by scale, % change of a shared element or composition, adjacency, by color/tone (blue to green, light to dark), by effect or affect.

For instance, the components of an car engine could be arranged via gasoline and its transformation from liquid to heat/gas/exhaust.

1 list of essential process + discipline specific terminology and their definitions.

Synopsis: a brief or condensed statement giving a general view of some subject.

1 list of core components arranged as a sequence, 3 iterations. For example, lists may be sequenced chronologically, by scale, % change of a shared element or composition, adjacency, by color/tone (blue to green, light to dark), by effect or affect. Metaphorically, the components of an car engine could be arranged via gasoline and its transformation from liquid to heat/gas/exhaust.

Component: (a constituent part; the elements; or ingredients involved; a constituent part or aspect of something more complex, as in a component of a car).

Sequence: the following of one thing after another; succession; a continuous or connected series; something that follows; a subsequent event; result; consequence.

Iteration is: a different form or version of something: He designed the previous iteration of our logo.

Effect is: something that is produced by an agency or cause; result; consequence: Exposure to the sun had the effect of toughening his skin.

Affect: a verb (used with object) to act on; produce an effect or change in: Cold weather affected the crops.

D.

1 list of relevant durations, periods, frequencies. Your process is multi-dimensional. For example a tropical depression may take days to become a hurricane, and the ‘event’ / landfall on average lasts 6 to 12 hours, a Northeaster from 12hrs to 3 days, diurnal tides take 12.5 hours between high and low tide, spring tides (very high tides) occur twice a month still with 12.5 hours between low and high tide, sequestration depending on what and how may be the life of a meadow (once the grass freezes -seasonal), poplar forest (50 years?) ...

E.

1 list of precedents examples that can be located and pointed to for reference (its spatial implication). You will need a location/region/zone that can be found via google earth. For example, if investigating a process of phytoremediation you would most likely provide a precedent associated with phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and phytotransformation, by intensity, species mix, density, or whether it was synthetic or naturally occurring; if investigating succession via the concept of urban wild, perhaps you would focus your investigation and site various urban open space typologies i.e.

NY Central Park (urban park-leisure/recreation), Arnold Arboretum (arboretum-scientific collection) ... focus and site via scale i.e. via urban voids/ marginal/the in-between spaces such as Philadelphia’s ‘missing teeth/row homes, to the spaces adjacent to infrastructure, or focus and site via stages of succession...; if investigating carbon sequestration you may focus your investigation and site via ranges of impact or carbon sequestered, such as the amazon rainforest (#), phytoplankton + water body (#), coal power plant and carbon capture technology.

F.

1 list of verbs used to describe the process: its stages of transformation, transfiguration, metamorphosis, conversion.

Compilation Due: thu05feb SUEN Sustainable Urban Environments

1

Component: a constituent part; the elements; or ingredients involved; a constituent part or aspect of something more complex.

Sequence: the following of one thing after another; succession; a continuous or connected series; a subsequent event; result; consequence.

Iteration: a different form or version of something: “She designed the previous iteration of our logo”.

Effect: something that is produced by an agency or cause; result; consequence: “Exposure to the sun had the effect of toughening his skin”.

Affect: a verb (used with object) to act on; produce an effect or change in: “Cold weather affected the crops”.

4.

Dimensions of time and transformation: 1 list of relevant durations, periods, and or frequencies necessary to describe the multiple dimensions of transformation over time, in scale, and composition etc. For example, a tropical depression may take days to accumulate enough energy to become a hurricane. The hurricane becomes a “disaster event” when it approaches landfall (which on average has a duration of 6 to 12 hours). A Nor’easter “disaster event” lasts on average from 12 hours to 3 days; diurnal tides (2 high + 2 low tides per day is a frequency) take 12.5 hours between high and low tide, spring tides (very high tides) occur twice a month still with 12.5 hours between low and high tide; sequestration rates depend on species and may be cyclical or seasonal. For instance, a meadow will sequester carbon at a different rate that a poplar field. Each is harvested, either seasonally or every 20 years.

5.

Precedents: 1 list of precedent examples that can be located for reference. This list provides various spatial manifestations of your topic and therefore can illustrate transformation via spatial implication. You will need a location / region / zone that can be found via google Earth. For example, if investigating a process of phytoremediation you would most likely provide a precedent associated with phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and phytotransformation, by species mix, density, or whether it was synthetic or naturally occurring; if investigating succession and urban wilds, you may site various urban open space typologies i.e. Central Park (urban park-leisure/recreation), Arnold Arboretum (arboretum-scientific collection), or site examples of succession at various scales or stages. Urban voids / marginal or the in-between spaces as Philadelphia’s “missing teeth” / space adjacent to infrastructure; if investigating carbon sequestration you may site examples based upon an amount of carbon sequestered yearly and then site examples that compare the area required to achieve the same about per year between the amazon rainforest versus phytoplankton versus a coal power plant with carbon capture technology. Include an aerial exported from Google Earth as well as perspective or birds-eye view for each.

6.

Descriptive adjectives and verbs: 1 list of adjectives and verbs used to describe the topic / process: its stages of transformation, transfiguration, metamorphosis, or conversion.

SUEN Sustainable Urban Environments

1

DESIGN STRATEGIES

ARMATURES OF CHANGE / MODELS OF THOUGHT

Student Work Index Model / Sediment Transport and Dune Succession Kiersten Mutell Spring 2015, Northeastern University

Landform Index / Leveraging Stormwater Runoff

Student Work Index Model / SW Drag & Surface Manipulation Jiaqi Wang Spring 2015, Northeastern University

DESIGN STRATEGIES

ARMATURES OF CHANGE / MODELS OF THOUGHT

DESIGN AGENCY Contamination Analysis APPLIED RESEACH CRITICALTHINKING Contamination Analysis SOLUTIONS TRANSFORMATIVE

Contamination Analysis

Contamination Analysis

Forest

Bare Land

Parks

MDR

P

HDR 1.6 m2

1%

Forest

Bare Land

Parks

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

4%

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

MDR

2%

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

4%

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

2%

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

15%

Forest

Forest

68%

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

Retention Rate Paved Areas

HDR 1.6 m2

1%

15%

68%

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

10%

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

Retention Rate

Forest Forest

1%

1% sq ft Retention Rate Forest

Bare Land

Parks Bare Land

Parks

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

4%

4% sq ft Retention Rate Forest

sq ft Retention Rate Forest 2%

MDR

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

2%

sq ft 1.6 m2 Retention Rate Forest 15% Forest

Paved Areas

HDR HDR1.6 m

2

MDR

15%

Forest 68%

sq ft Paved Areas sq ft Retention Rate Forest

Retention Rate

68%

Retention sq ft Rate ForestRetention Rate 10%

10%

sq ft Retention Rate Forest

Forest

Retention Rate

Mycellium Taxonomy

Mycellium Taxonomy

Mycellium Taxonomy

Mycellium Taxonomy

Student Work Independent Study Evan Pennella Spring / Summer 2015, Northeastern University

Fluid Mechanics

Right Bank Angle

90°

95°

WP

HR

WP

3

1.3

2.95 1.35

WP

HR

2.95 1.35

100°

WP

HR

2.9 1.37

105°

WP

HR

2.86 1.39

110°

WP

HR

2.82 1.41

115°

WP

HR

2.79 1.41

120°

WP

HR

2.76 1.43

125°

WP

HR

2.75 1.43

Hydraulic Diameter

130°

WP

HR

2.75 1.43

Wetted Perimeter Cross-sectional area.

Fluid Drag

95°

90° Left Bank Angle

Hydraulic Diameter

135°

WP

HR

2.76 1.43

Geometrty Transition

WP

100°

HR

WP

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

HR

HR

2.74 1.45

HR

WP

WP

HR

WP

WP

WP

HR

HR

WP

HR

2.71 1.47

WP

WP

HR

2.7 1.48

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

2.68' 1.49

2.6

1.5

2.5

1.5

2.5

1.5

2.6

1.5

2.7 1.48

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

2.6

1.5

WP

2.65' 1.5

HR

WP

HR

WP

2.66 1.5

2.5

1.5

2.66 1.5

WP

2.66 1.5

WP

HR

HR

WP

HR

WP

2.67 1.49

2.5

1.5

2.67 1.49

WP

WP

HR

WP

2.64 1.51

WP

WP

WP

HR

WP

WP

1x

WP

HR

HR

2.7 1.48

WP

HR

WP

1x

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

WP

WP

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

HR

HR

HR

2.68' 1.47

WP

HR

HR

2.83 1.41

Relative Change in Velocity 1x

HR

2.65' 1.5

2.83 1.41

0x

HR

2.63' 1.52

2.77 1.44

2.77 1.44

HR

2.65' 1.5

2.73 1.46

HR

HR

2.68' 1.49

2.7 1.48

2.68' 1.47

Spacing 2x

HR

2.68 1.48

2.73 1.46

Relative Change in Velocity 0x

WP

WP

HR

2.68 1.48

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

2.7 1.48

WP

2.75' 1.46

HR

2.67 1.49

2.64 1.51

2.65' 1.5

2.7 1.48

Section Height 2x

WP

HR

2.67 1.49

HR

2.64 1.51

2.64 1.51

HR

Relative Change in Velocity

WP

HR

2.63' 1.52

1.5

2.7 1.48

2.67 1.49

1.3

2.88' 1.43

HR

2.67 1.49

HR

3

WP

HR

2.69 1.48

WP

2.89' 1.38

2.74 1.45

2.67 1.49

WP

0x

WP

WP

HR

2.73 1.46

HR

HR

2.76 1.43

2.66 1.5

2.6

2x

WP

HR

2.69 1.48

HR

WP

HR

2.75 1.43

2.68 1.49

HR

HR

WP

135°

2.7 1.47

2.68 1.49

2.7 1.48

WP

HR

2.71 1.47

HR

WP

HR

WP

HR

2.69 1.48

HR

130°

2.75 1.43

2.73 1.46

2.72 1.47

HR

WP

HR

HR

Relative Change in Velocity 1x

WP

HR

WP

HR

2.75 1.45

HR

125°

2.76 1.43

2.67 1.49

HR

2.71 1.47

0x

WP

HR

WP

WP

HR

2.69 1.48

WP

HR

WP

HR

120°

2.79 1.41

2.78 1.43

2.74 1.46

WP

2.69 1.48

2.73 1.46

WP

HR

2.7 1.47

HR

WP

HR

2.77 1.44

WP

HR

115°

2.82 1.41

2.75' 1.46

2.69 1.48

2.71 1.47

WP

HR

2.72 1.47

2.73 1.46

WP

WP

HR

2.74 1.46

2.75 1.45

WP

HR

2.81 1.41

2.77 1.44

2.78 1.43

WP

WP

HR

2.88' 1.43

2.81 1.41

110°

2.86 1.39

2.86 1.39

2.86 1.39

WP

WP

HR

2.9 1.37

2.89' 1.38

WP

105°

Relative Change in Velocity 2x

0x

1x

2x

Drag force, which is by definition the force component in the direction of the flow velocity.

Mass density of the fluid.

Flow velocity relative to the object.

Drag coefficient – a dimensionless coefficient related to the object’s geometry and taking into account both skin friction and form drag Reference area

Student Work Independent Study Evan Pennella Spring / Summer 2015, Northeastern University

DESIGN STRATEGIES

ARMATURES OF CHANGE / MODELS OF THOUGHT Logic Schematic Logic Schematic

Hydraulics Conceptual Diagram p. 6

Urban Canal

Mycofiltration Conceptual Diagram p. 1 Mushrooms

Flow Attenuation Conceptual Diagram p. 14

Drag Coefficient Geometric Analysis p. 20

Filtration

Filtration Medium Conceptual Section p. 7-8

Mushroom Species Species Table p. 2-3

Cultivation Method Top-down Plan p. 9-10

Bag Culture Conceptual Diagram p. 15

Filter Drag Filter Membrane Analysis p. 22

Contaminants Conceptual Diagram p. 4-5

Nonpoint Source Land Use Analysis p. 11

Mound Culture Conceptual Diagram p. 16

Materiality Protype Analysis p. 23-24

Point Source CSO Analysis p. 12

Log/Synthetic Culture Conceptual Diagram p. 17

Groundwater Retention Land Use Analysis p. 13

Culmulative Contaminants Watershed Analysis p. 18-19

Species and Contaminants Index Analysis p. 25-26

Key Site Biomechanics Fluid Mechanics Design Diagram No Diagram

Hydraulic Radius Canal Section Analysis p. 21 Surface Prototypes Protoype Analysis p. 27-28 Urban Surface Formal Diagrams p. 31-32 Implementation Index Site Planning p. 29-30

Explanation This project aims to explore means and methods for providing urban, infrastructural and ecosystem services within the context of high density cities.

Urban canals in cities such as Tokyo typify this condition and demand solutions beyond the paradigm of river naturalization as a universal solution.

The main limiting factors within this context is the lack of space for an adequate riparian corridor and even normative plantings. Mushrooms are chosen biotechnology for their ability to filter, neutralize or metabolize key contaminants found in urban runoff, their ability to grow in marginal, damp spaces and their iconographic place within japanese culture.

The parameters of mycofiltration can be understood though individual mushroom species and the contaminants they are able to neutralize, their growing conditions etc. contaminants which are produced within a particular context and the physical mechanics of filtration.

A typical watershed boundary is chosen within the city. Nonpoint contaminants can be quantified through land use distribution and best management practice contaminant coefficients.

Similarly, point source contamination, namely combined sewage overflows, can be quantified using average outfall rate and contamination concentration. Ground water infiltration rate based on land use paints a picture of how much water enters the canals versus enters the aquifer.

Existing methods for cultivating mushrooms outside of their natural environment are analyzied for their capacity to both produce mycellium within certain contexts and their ability to filter, collect and attenuate water flows. These cultivation methods are reinterpreted and hybridized to better suit to urban context.

Filtration rate is a factor of the mushroom’s capacity to absorb water, which is in turn affected by the velocity of water. There are a few key hydraulic metrics that can be understood to help better attenuate flow. These are chosen based on their material affinity with the previously mentioned cultivation methods.

The intent is to explore geometry and form finding metrics to more effectively attenuate flow.

From the previous analysis a site specific index is created.

Within key sections of the canal, based on watersheds, we can understand the level of contaminants produced as well as the volume and velocity of the canal water. From this information mushroom species and materiality can be effectively placed along the canal. Additionally there are material responses that can be implemented in specific contexts, CSO outlets for example.

A geometric conceptual scaffold is created along the length of the canal. this servers as a way of inserting specific material and mushrooms species into the context of the canal.

Fungus. Is any member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

Mycology. The branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicine, wine, cheese, (edible mushrooms), and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or infection.

Mycelia. Fungal network of thread like cells.

Mycelium. The vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae.

Mushroom. The fleshy, sporebearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.

Spore. A unit of asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavorable conditions.

Biofilter. Biofiltration is a pollution control technique using living material to capture and biologically degrade process pollutants.

Common uses include processing waste water, capturing harmful chemicals or silt from surface runoff, and microbiotic oxidation of contaminants in air.

Mycofiltration. the process of using mushroom mycelium mats as biological filters.

Mycoremediation. A form of bioremediation, the process of using fungi to degrade or sequester contaminants in the environment. Stimulating microbial and enzyme activity, mycelium reduces toxins in-situ. Some fungi are hyperaccumulators, capable of absorbing and concentrating heavy metals in the mushroom fruit bodies.

Saprophytic Fungi. Fungi that feed on dead organic matter. They are considered extremely important in soil biology, as they break down dead and decaying organic matter into simple substances that can be taken up and recycled by plants.

Culture. The cultivation of bacteria, tissue cells, etc., in an artificial medium containing nutrients.

Turbitdity. Turbidity is the measure of the scattering of light due to suspended particles in the water. Turbidity can be caused by dirt, organic matter, and also by microscopic organisms.

Non-Point Source Pollution. A pollution source that cannot be defined as originating from discrete points such as pipe discharge. Areas of fertilizer and pesticide applications, atmospheric deposition, manure, and natural inputs from plants and trees are types of nonpoint source pollution.

Point Source Pollution. Water pollution coming from a single point, such as a sewage-outflow pipe.

Combined Sewage. Systems are sewers that are designed to collect rainwater runoff, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater in the same pipe.

Combined Sewage Overflow. Excess storm sewage discharged to a river or sea after heavy or prolonged rainfall rapidly increases the flow in a combined sewer until the volume becomes too much for the sewer to carry.

Mound Culture. Loose substrate and other material innoculated with mycellium spawn.

Open-channel flow. A branch of hydraulics and fluid mechanics, is a type of liquid flow within a conduit with a free surface, known as a channel. The other type of flow within a conduit is pipe flow.

Key Terms Canal. An artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation.

Stormwater. Surface water in abnormal quantity resulting from heavy falls of rain or snow.

Runoff. The draining away of water (or substances carried in it) from the surface of an area of land, a building or structure, etc.

Urban Runoff. Surface runoff of rainwater created by urbanization.

This runoff is a major source of urban flooding and water pollution in urban communities worldwide.

Fungiculture. The process of producing food, medicine, and other products by the cultivation of mushrooms and other fungi.

Innoculation. The introduction of fungal spawn into a substrate.

Spawn. Any material impregnated with mycelium which is later used to inoculate more massive substrates.

Substrate. Any organic material on which mushroom mycelium will grow (e.g. straw, sawdust, compost, or soil).

Infiltration. The process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.

Rhyzomorph. A dense mass of interwoven hyphae forming a rootlike structure.

Log/Synthetic Culture. Logs or synthetic organic material innoculated with mycellium spawn.

Fluid mechanics. The branch of physics which involves the study of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them.

Fluid Resistance. The force exerted by a gas or liquid opposing the motion of a body through it.

Viscocity. A Fluids resistance to shearing flows, where adjacent layers move parallel to each other with different speeds.

Drag. Forces acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.

This can exist between two fluid layers (or surfaces) or a fluid and a solid surface.

Hydraulics. A branch of science and technology concerned with the conveyance of liquids through pipes and channels, especially as a source of mechanical force or control.

Hydraulic Radius. A measure of a channel flow efficiency. Hydraulic radius is defined as the ratio of the channel’s cross-sectional area of the flow to its wetted perimeter.

The Wetted Perimeter. The perimeter of the cross sectional area that is “wet.”

Land Use. The management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as settlements and seminatural habitats such as arable fields, pastures, and managed woods.

Student Work Independent Study Evan Pennella Spring / Summer 2015, Northeastern University

Cumulative Watershed Analysis

Surface Texture

Surface Sections

Cumulative Land Use Distribution 0 m2

.25 m2

.5 m2

.75 m2

1 m2

Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park Commercial Parking HDR MDR LDR Freeway Industrial Park

Student Work Independent Study Evan Pennella Spring / Summer 2015, Northeastern University

MASTER OF DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

Knowledge Organization of course content organized via landscape process and property, based upon Living Systems by Liat Margolis and Alexander Robinson where landscape operation is defined as the process, manner of functioning, or operating of the landscape to produce an ecological benefit, and an ecosystem service as the benefit we receive from ecosystems collectively (the landscape), such as clean water and air, recreation, and the production of resources.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AS URBAN SURFACE APPROACH / ECOSYSTEM SURFACES Ecosystem Surface Strategies investigates the processes and properties of landscape as an operative framework for Change: to Make Change via social and environmental justice, to Use Change as an operational framework for designed adaptation, and to Model Change as a means to visualize and implement design strategies. Ecosystem Surfaces use landscape as a medium of interrelation and armature of adaptation to think, see, and make Change.

School of Architecture Northeastern University

SUEN6220 IMPLEMENTATION AND VISUALIZATION ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES Schedule Location Instructor Office Hours

Tuesday / Friday 3:35-5:05 pm Ryder Hall 454 Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu Wed 11-2 Holmes 583 or by appointment V. 11076.4 mm3 A 7766.3 mm2 A/V 0.70

34.52mm

Living Breakwater Morphology Tiana Alvez Fall 2013

Ozone Mitigation John Alda Fall 2013

Coastal Adaptation, Filtration Capacity Habib Maddahi Fall 2013

24.18mm

V. 3009.9 mm3 A 1992.0 mm2 A/V 0.66

20.7mm

17.4mm

14.6mm

10.9mm V. 442.4 mm3

SUEN6220 Defined

A 254.8 mm2 A/V 0.57

10mm

implementation: the process of putting a decision or plan into effect; execution. the use of an instrument, tool, or utensil. a means; agent. to fulfill; perform; carry out. tool: instrument: utensil:

an implement, especially one held in the hand, as a hammer for performing or facilitating mechanical operations. a means by which something is effected or done; agency. any instrument, vessel, or tool serving a useful purpose.

visualization:

the act or process of interpreting in visual terms or of putting into visible form.

agency:

the capacity, condition, or state of acting or of exerting power. a person or thing through which power is exerted or an end is achieved.

instrumentality:

the quality or state of being instrumental (very important in helping or causing something to happen or be done).

FALL 2014 COURSE OVERVIEW Offers an intensive introduction to site analysis and manipulation of earthworks, water, and vegetation, with a focus on disturbance regimes within waterfront and brownfield zones. Core topics emphasize the ecological services promoted by the urban environment, including urban soil structure; contouring the urban surface; regional plant communities; and storm water, surge, and tidal flux management.

Supports development of implementation skills by training in vector, raster, and 3D modeling software. Constitutes the first half of a twopart sequence and provides the foundation for SUEN 6220.

Sustainable Urban Environments

1

COURSE METHODOLOGIES

Rise 2014 Research, Innovation and Scholarship Northeastern University Ecosystem Surfaces Exhibition

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AS URBAN SURFACES

COURSE OBJECTIVES

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, such as water purification, crop pollination, climate regulation, carbon sequestration, and storm surge mitigation are inherent to the structure, operation, and processes of the urban landscape and underpin the capacity of an ecosystem to provide integral goods and services.

At the completion of SUEN 6220 students receiving a passing grade should: A.

Operate proficiently between AutoCad, Rhino, and Adobe Illustrator, and understand the conditions and contexts in which to apply skills and strategies developed during the Software Primer; Practiced implementing primer techniques for greater fluency and automaticity in the design process and; Be able to visualize urban and ecological dynamics via process graphs and reference catalogues.

B.

Have the ability to articulate, interpret, justify, and critique basic Landscape Ecology and Urban Ecology principles; Contribute to peer review, peer feedback, and lecture discussion and; Incorporate lecture topics, peer review, peer feedback, and targeted reviews into one’s design process.

C.

Identify and articulate Surface Strategies and Design Process via: Progress documentation; Task assessments, self evaluation, and approach planning, and: The monitoring, reflection, and adjustments of one’s design process to enhance one’s knowledge and transferability of Urban Ecology and Landscape Ecology (its scale and scope) to other disciplines.

SURFACE STRATEGIES are frameworks to recalibrate existing infrastructures in order to amplify, enhance, and or augment the operation of degraded or at risk urban landscapes.

The ECO-SURFACE, ecosystem services as urban surface approach, acts as a multi-functional system to amend ecological services, reshape spatial practice, and generate resilient urban form.

The ECO-SURFACE is a trans-disciplinary approach using digital fabrication to integrate and create prototypes of SERVICE with SURFACE for urban adaptation and resiliency. In our increasingly interdependent urban environment, the ability to employ an array of design approaches and media provides incredible potential to develop, test, produce, and communicate operational and spatial ideas with clarity and agency.

ECO-SURFACE STRATEGIES call for a retooling of design methodology and spatial practice by conjoining design, environmental engineering and urban ecology. Not just infrastructural components but living systems, Ecosystem Surface Strategies examine the interdisciplinary integration of ecological and material technologies and specifications to address, mitigate, leverage, adapt, and subvert the effects of climate change upon our urban coastal waterfronts.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT CLIMATE CHANGE: In the wake of extreme weather events, systemic failure, and un-paralleled global transmutation; ecological breakdown and the increasing intensity and frequency of climatic events has made apparent the frailty of our urban coastal waterfronts and renewed public interest in the value of ecosystem services that landscape as an underlying system or framework in anticipating, planning, and absorbing episodes of inundation, periods of scarcity, and new forms of occupation provides. Once outliers, such events as Hurricane Katrina, Superstorm Sandy, Typhon Hieyon, and a perpetual drought in the west and southwest have become seasonal occurrences and reveal economically vulnerable regions and weak, outmoded, overwhelmed, or obsolete infrastructures.

To address this evolution of urban design approaches and the mandate of developing new approaches for designing and engineering urban infrastructure for resiliency, the relatively newly emerged field of urban ecology provides an essential framework to understand the complex interactions between humans and ecological patterns and processes in urban environments. Ecological theory has moved from regarding nature as static, to a closed cycle at equilibrium, to a dynamic and constantly changing ecosystem. The biophysical character of the urban environment, its diverse habitats, and the interrelationships between urban nature, the economy, and health reflects this state of flux.

COURSE LOGISTICS AND REQUIREMENTS Readings

Will be located on blackboard to download.

Lecture-Colloquium

Roughly 45 minutes of lecture and 45 minutes of discussion. Pairs of students will be assigned to lecture readings. Both students are responsible for leading the post-lecture discussion. The colloquium should: paraphrase content, deconstruct principles, identify relevance with course topics and objectives, and interpret relevance with the current lecture, and / or past lectures. Document your talking points and include a reflection of the discussion with the current Design Process Log for submission.

Snell 3D Printing Fee

The Snell 3D Lab charges a material and processing fee dependent upon the volume of your ecosurface print. (of roughly $100.00 +/-) We will discuss printing specifications at a later date. Please see me individually if you’re unable to accommodate this fee.

Show and Tell

Arrive early in time to submit a jpeg of the assignment (medium resolution 150dpi). I will project these images on screen at the very beginning of class prior to the lecture.

Peer Review

Be prepared to project on screen and discuss assignment deliverables. A presentation list will be posted via blackboard’s announcements to the class the night prior. As the class is 90 minutes, each of you will only have a limited time to present. So that we don’t run over our class time, please be mindful of your peers and keep your presentation to 3 concise points (reflections, observations, questions, etc.) to discuss with the class for peer analysis and feedback.

Draft

A progressed, visibly updated and revised iteration of your work.

Submission

The required design process log and final deliverables submitted for review.

Targeted Feedback

Instructor comments: Strengths, weaknesses, and future suggestions in reference to the performance of a submission’s objectives.

Peer Feedback

Groups of 2-4 students meet to collaborate during class and discuss: research trajectory, implementation strategy, modeling technique, progress, and solutions. Peer feedback is then documented in each students Design Process Log for final submission.

*

Astericks: (printing deadline approaching) Once your ecosurface is approved, printing can take a bit of time.

It’s advised that you submit your prints in groups (of 3 or more) so that the surfaces can be stacked and printed efficiently in batches. Students are responsible for all communication with the 3D Lab for file upload, size limitations, printing schedule availability, structural stability of surface, print cost, dipping material and application, use of post production room, and required photo documentation.

THE AMBITION OF THIS COURSE IS TO: 1.

Prepare our students to probe, interpret and connect increasingly complex networks of interdependent systems, to acknowledge and re-interpret spatial, scalar and temporal urban-ecological relationships, and to provide the fundamental tools to cultivate green infrastructure with improved ecosystem service capabilities.

2.

Provide an innovative as well as unique approach to engineering and landscape prototyping of the temporal, scalar, and material qualities necessary when designing for resilience and adaptation.

3.

Explore potential synergies among its students and their departments around the topic of urban ecology, broached as a hybrid of design and engineering and incorporating the evolving technology of 3D fabrication.

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First test print EcoSurface Lab and Digital Media Commons 3D Printing Studio: August 2013 - May 2014.

The Urban Landscape & Sustainable Urban Environments EcoSurface Lab partnered with Snell Library and its new Digital Media Commons 3D Printing Studio to test the limits of fabrication and develop a technological pedagogical approach to the digital modeling of thought via ecosystem services as urban surfaces. 24 ecosystem surfaces designed in the lab were printed over the span of 9 months. Each became a prototype, or index surface of ecological, methodological, and formal hybridity.

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

SCHEDULE IN BRIEF

STUDENT EVALUATION

PHASE ONE: SOFTWARE PRIMER

Evaluation places significant emphasis on the rigor, craft, legibility, and synthesis of:

w01

fri05sept

Lecture

Implementation and Visualization Objectives

1.

Course topics: Software proficiency and patterns, processes, and functions of urban ecosystems.

w02

tue09sept fri2sept

Lecture Lecture

Autocad to Illustrator Autocad to Rhino to Illustrator

2.

Independent research, analysis, and its graphic visualization.

3.

Timely submission of objectives.

w03

tue16sept fri19sept

Lecture Lecture

Autocad to Rhino to Illustrator Rhino to Illustrator

4.

Process log development.

w04

tue23sept fri26sept

Lecture Lecture

Rhino to Illustrator Illustrator to InDesign

5.

Articulate explanation and discussion of strategies and readings.

w05

tue30sept fri03oct

Lecture Lecture

Data Visualization Principles Phase II and III Overview / Phase I Integration

Craft:

Skill in planning, making, or executing.

An activity that involves making something in a skillful way by using your hands.

Rigor:

The quality or state of being very exact, careful, or strict.

PHASE TWO: CONSILIENCE / URBAN ECOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES

Legibility:

Capable of being read or deciphered; understood.

w06

tue07oct fri10oct

Lecture-Colloquium Lecture-Colloquium

Knowledge Re-Organization Scalar Ecologies

Synthesis:

Something that is made by combining different things (such as ideas).

The composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole.

w07

tue14oct fri17oct

Peer Feedback Lecture-Colloquium

Draft Topographic Ecologies

w08

tue21oct fri24oct

Peer Feedback Lecture-Colloquium

Draft Vegetal Ecologies

w09

tue28oct fri31oct

Peer Feedback* Lecture-Colloquium

Draft Hydrolic Ecologies

w10

tue04nov fri07nov

Lecture-Colloquium Peer Review*

Generative Ecologies Submission Two

A growth factor is expected with regards to execution and synthesis of topics and tactics, and will be incorporated within the evaluation, as will your participation and effort, completion of assignments, attendance, and participation. If you need to miss a class because of a religious holiday or event, you must let me know within the first two weeks of the semester of your intentions so that arrangements can be made to reschedule the work.

GRADING Your design process is as significant as your final product. Phase Two and Phase Three submissions will receive two grades; one for the Design Process Log, and one for the final product. Grades reflect consistent progress made throughout the semester and are based upon the quality of: individual exploration, investigative methods, the ability to conduct research, the ability to integrate research, and responses to feedback.

PHASE THREE: URBAN SURFACE AS ECOSYSTEM SERVICE w11

tue11nov fri14nov

*Lecture-Colloquium *Peer Feedback

Occupational Ecologies Draft

w12

tue18nov tue21nov

*Lecture-Colloquium *Peer Feedback

Adaptation and Succession Draft

w13

fri25nov fri28nov

*no class *Thanksgiving Break

Submission Three

w14

tue02dec fri05dec

*Lecture-Colloquium *Lecture-Colloquium

Landscape Operations Landscape Operations

w15

mon08

Final Exam Week

Final Submission

w16

sun14dec

Winter Break

Sustainable Urban Environments

More than two unexcused absences will result in reduction of the final letter grade and more than three unexcused absences will result in failure of the course. Cell phones must be turned off or silent and communication via texting or social media is prohibited during lectures and presentations. In accordance with Northeastern School of Architecture’s grading policy, grades will be distributed according to the following scale (grading policy for lecture, lab and studio courses is available on http:// www.architecture.neu.edu/student_resources/grading_policy)

4

20%

Phase One

50% 50%

Goals Show and Tell

fri03oct

20%

Phase Two

50% 50%

Design Process Log Final Submission

fri07nov

30%

Phase Three

50% 50%

Design Process Log Final Submission

fri25nov

30%

Final Submission

50% 50%

Design Process Log Final Submission

Final Exam Date TBA

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COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

PHASE ONE SOFTWARE PRIMER

SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES Schedule

Tuesday 3:15-6:00 pm Friday 3:35-5:05 pm (optional class: additional software tutorial)

Location Instructor Office Hours

Ryder Hall 454 Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu Wed 11-2 Holmes 583 (or by appointment)

URBAN ESTUARINE SALT MARSH Rumney Marsh Reservation Saugus and Pines River Estuary Saugus / Revere MA

An Introduction to AutoCad Commands and Architectural Graphics w02

tue09sept

Lecture

AUTOCAD TO ILLUSTRATOR Step I: Find and insert a raster image reference Step II: Trace 3 systems (an assemblage / sequence / gradient) Step III: Import linework to AI and apply stroke (.25) Goal 1: Systems Trace

TIDAL CREEKS

URBAN ESTUARINE SALT MARSH Rumney Marsh Reservation Saugus and Pines River Estuary Saugus / Revere MA

MUDFLATS TIDAL CREEKS

MUDFLATS

SALT PANNES AND POOLS SALT PANNES AND POOLS

Note: This aerial was assembled in Photoshop CC 2014 via Google Earth 2014 where I exported aerial images at a scale with visible detail of biophysical patterns >File>Save>Save Image. Numerous aerial images were aggregated, flattened, saved as a jpeg, and then reduced in size so as not to stall or slow processing during use in AutoCad. The reduced jpeg was then inserted in AutoCad 2014 on its own layer Insert>Raster Image Reference, and modified (faded by 50%) to aid in tracing.

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Note: The use of directive labels and titles, an opportunity often wasted with ambiguous or overtly obvious labels (such as Transportation, Vegetation, Hydrology). Why did you isolate and highlight transportation/vegetation/hydrology, or specifically what type is it, how is it classified in more detail, locationally specific, or the issues involved with it. Labels don’t need to be exhaustive, just direct.

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

PHASE ONE SOFTWARE PRIMER

PHASE ONE SOFTWARE PRIMER

Schedule

Tuesday 3:15-6:00 pm Friday 3:35-5:05 pm (optional class: additional software tutorial)

Schedule

Tuesday 3:15-6:00 pm Friday 3:35-5:05 pm (optional class: additional software tutorial)

Location Instructor Office Hours

Ryder Hall 454 Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu Wed 11-2 Holmes 583 (or by appointment)

Location Instructor Office Hours

Ryder Hall 454 Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu Wed 11-2 Holmes 583 (or by appointment)

SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES

SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES

An Introduction to Rhinoceros. Download: “Familiarizing Rhinoceros” (Chapter II of Inside Rhinocerous 5).

Exporting to Illustrator. w02

fri2sept

Lecture

An Introduction to Rhinoceros and Exporting to Illustrator. w03

AUTOCAD TO RHINO TO ILLUSTRATOR Step I: Choose one system and trace 3 related patterns Step II: Overlay and Manipulate Hatches Step III: Import linework to AI and apply stroke/fill Goal 2: Pattern Trace

tue16sept

Lecture

AUTOCAD TO RHINO TO ILLUSTRATOR Step I: Systematize your tracings (layered axon+catalogue of typologies) Step II: Develop organization in AutoCad, import and stack in Rhino Step III: Export selected as .dxf/.dwg and open in Illustrator Add directive labeling Edit linework, stroke/fill and export as a pdf Goal 3: Catalogue and Interdependency

SHOW AND TELL Arrive early in time to submit via a USB drive, or email me before class the exported Jpeg from Illustrator of the Pattern Trace. 3 Related Patterns isolated. I will project these images on screen at the very beginning of next class prior to the lecture.

ON PATTERN

Categorization implies that objects are grouped and then arranged for some specific purpose. Ideally this reorganization into categories illuminates a relationship between the subjects and objects of knowledge.

1. More than static surfaces with applied or decorative ornament such as paving patterns or parterres (hedged French gardens).

2. They are geometries affiliated with the efficiencies and productivities of urban or agricultural patterns.

3. They are complex and reptitive structures.

LAYERED HIERARCHY

ON MORPHOLOGY 4. The study of the forms of things.

5. Patterns are relationships between:

CATALOGUE OF TYPOLOGIES

An arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories and so forth) in which the items are represented as being above, below, or at the same level as one another.

A. Processes and Organization B. Function and Expression C. Information and Communication School of Architecture Northeastern University

LOW INTERTIDAL

HIGH SALT MARSH

INTERTIDAL FLAT

LOW INTERTIDAL

3

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HIGH SALT MARSH

INTERTIDAL FLAT

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Sustainable Urban Environments

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COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

PHASE ONE SOFTWARE PRIMER

SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES

MEAN HIGH TIDE INTERTIDAL FLAT

Schedule

Tuesday 3:15-6:00 pm Friday 3:35-5:05 pm (optional class: additional software tutorial)

Location Instructor Office Hours

Ryder Hall 454 Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu Wed 11-2 Holmes 583 (or by appointment)

An Introduction to Rhinoceros. Download: “Familiarizing Rhinoceros” (Chapter II of Inside Rhinocerous 5).

Exporting to Illustrator. w05

tue30sept

MEAN HIGH TIDE SALT PANNES AND POOLS

Lecture

DATA VISUALIZATION / RHINO TO ILLUSTRATOR Step I: Modular Prototype: Derive a pattern of site associative content Step II: Build, transform, and deploy component in Rhino Step III: Extract process and diagram iterations in Illustrator Goal 4: Pattern Transfiguration

1. Extract A Source Pattern

2D: Layer all of your tracing iterations in plan/top view. Extract a pattern that emerges from this overlay. It should represent some type of surface effect / socio-ecological process Remember: Patterns are everywhere in the landscape. Patterns are manifestations of socio-ecological forces and flows. These patterns are sets or sequences of actions upon the landscape that produce certain forms that are recognizeable at a macro and micro scale. Think of the pattern you extract in terms of actions, transformations, and resultant form.

2. Abstract A Module

2D: Abstract a simplified structure from the Source Pattern to develop a prototypical pattern of structural likeness (not necessarily similarity in appearance).

3. Manipulate / Aggregate

2D: Devise a system of ‘rules’ to develop and explore the potential and limits of different types of geometry and operations such as: rotation, reflection, shifting, adjacency, scale, multiply, nest... The set of operations should create a non-uniform field (a field with some variation). Document your process (the operations you perform / set of rules you apply) to aggregate your module and develop the field.

4. Transfiguration

3D: A complete change of form or appearance into a more beautiful or ‘spiritual’ state.

OBJECTIVE

To introduce techniques to produce patterns of site associative content (geometry that implies ecological specificity), and to strategically configure this geometry to transform topography and cultivate the ground for new growth.

UPPER REACH SPRING TIDE

PERMANENTLY INUNDATED

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Sustainable Urban Environments

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

PHASE TWO CONSILIENCE

SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES Schedule

SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES

Tuesday 3:15-6:00 pm Friday 3:35-5:05 pm (optional class: additional software tutorial)

Location Instructor Office Hours

Schedule

The linking together of principles from different disciplines when forming a comprehensive theory.

PHASE TWO DATES AND DELIVERABLES

PHASE ONE: SOFTWARE PRIMER w05

tue30sept

w10 Lecture

DATA VISUALIZATION / RHINO TO ILLUSTRATOR Step I: Modular Prototype: Derive a pattern of site associative content Step II: Build, transform, and deploy component in Rhino Step III: Extract process and diagram iterations in Illustrator

Submission

tue04nov fri07nov

Iteration One Concept Map:

20% Phase One Process Log: In Illustrator combine your prior drawings and sequence them as a set of steps describing with specifcity the patterns and processses they reveal.

tue07oct fri10oct

Lecture-Colloquium Opt. Software Tutorial

Knowledge Re-Organization Scalar Ecologies

3, 1, 4

w07

tue14oct fri17oct

Lecture-Colloquium Opt. Software Tutorial

Topographic Ecologies

8, 13, 2

w08

tue21oct fri24oct

Lecture-Colloquium Opt. Software Tutorial

Vegetal Ecologies

11, 5, 10, 14

w09

tue28oct fri31oct

Lecture-Colloquium Cancelled

Hydrolic Ecologies

12, 7, 6, 9

w10

tue04nov fri07nov

Lecture-Peer feedback Opt. Software Tutorial

Generative Ecologies / Draft Due for Peer Feedback

fri07nov

Submission

20% Phase Two Process Log + Final Submission

Peer Feedback:

1. Conduct deep analysis of an ecological topic discussed during lecture-colloquium.

Document a prototypical pattern associated with this topic, as well as two variations of this prototypical pattern.

Consider ‘variation’ as a: change in scale, shape, magnitude, dimension, tone, hue, density, and/or volume over time: seconds, minutes, hours, diurnal, seasonal, wet/dry, pre-vernal, vernal, cyclical, perennial.

Draw Thier Agency + Knowledge Reorganization (in-class exercise) Bring your computer and present your surface to the group. Discuss. Draw Thier Agency.

Colloquium / Peer Feedback Groups {3, 1, 4} {8, 13, 2} {11, 5, 10, 14} {12, 7, 6, 9}

Colloquium / Peer Feedback Groups 1 Chen, Kevin 2 Clemente, Carolina 3 Colon-Badillo, Migdalia 4 Elmoisheer, Deema S. 5 Espino, Miguel A. 6 Gillam, Heather L. 7 Hilario, Karen M. 8 Klein, Thomas H. 9 McCarthy, Caitlin M. 10 Sainz, Jose M. 11 Undemir, Muge 12 Wang, Jiaqi 13 Xue, Feng 14 Young, Jordan P. Sustainable Urban Environments

Generative Ecologies / Draft Due for Peer Feedback 20% Phase Two Process Log + Final Submission

Detail and craft when tracing is key: consider the specificity of line, its modulation, and the processes executed to create it. Pattern is a manifestation of urban + ecological processes and thier affects upon each other.

Patterns represent systems of transformation over time. Ask yourself: is the form organic and emergent, structured/human induced, or a combination of both? How does it transform over time, and does it bounce back? Analyze an ecological process Document via nodes and vectors the knowledge (research) you accumulate in support , surface operation, and performance of your surface prototype; the act, instance, or manner of functioning or operating to produce the ecosystem service. Visually explain your surface’s performance i.e. how it works and the potential collective benefit we recieve. Use Primer Implementation Strategies as well as those discussed within this packet.

PHASE TWO: CONSILIENCE / URBAN ECOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES w06

Lecture-Peer feedback Opt. Software Tutorial

PROCESS LOG

Goal 3: Pattern Transfiguration fri10oct

Tuesday 3:15-6:00 pm Friday 3:35-5:05 pm (optional class: additional software tutorial) Ryder Hall 454 Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu Wed 11-2 Holmes 583 (or by appointment)

Location Instructor Office Hours

Ryder Hall 454 Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu Wed 11-2 Holmes 583 (or by appointment)

CONSILIENCE

School of Architecture Northeastern University

PHASE TWO CONSILIENCE

FINAL SUBMISSION Iteration One Surface Diagram:

1

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Chen, Kevin Clemente, Carolina Colon-Badillo, Migdalia Elmoisheer, Deema S. Espino, Miguel A. Gillam, Heather L. Hilario, Karen M. Klein, Thomas H. McCarthy, Caitlin M. Sainz, Jose M. Undemir, Muge Wang, Jiaqi Xue, Feng Young, Jordan P.

2 Axonometrics Contoured Linework + Rendered + 1 Plan (top view) Contoured Linework + Rendered 4 Elevations (right, left, front, back view) Contoured Linework + Rendered Directive Labeling 2

COURSE METHODOLOGIES

Student Work Modeling Change Tiana Alvez Fall 2013, Northeastern University

SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES

Student Work Modeling Change Charles Creagh Fall 2013, Northeastern University School of Architecture Northeastern University

PROCESS COMPONENTS / URBAN ECOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES ONE: KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION AND ITS STRUCTURE

CONSILIENCE

The linking together of principles from different disciplines when forming a comprehensive theory.

CONCEPTS

Knowledge Re-Organization Scalar Ecologies Topographic Ecologies Vegetal Ecologies Hydrolic Ecologies Generative Ecologies The Concept Map

WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION?

1. Knowledge Organization / Visualizing Data to Provide Agency 2. Knowledge Structures 3. Concept Map Overview 4. Concept Map Evolution 5. Designed Research / Constructing the Concept Map

arc diagram

area grouping

centralized burst

centralized ring

circled globe

circular ties

eliptical implosion

flow chart

organic rhizome

radial convergence

radial implosion

ramification

scaling circles

segmented radial convergence

sphere

Data Visualization Website Links The Phylogenetic Graph RHINOCEROS® FOR ECOSYSTEM SURFACE DESIGN AND 3D PRINTING Rhino (for short) is a program we use when designing multi-scalar surfaces and parametric based geometry. Rhino 3-dimensional digital files can be used to visualize your design in 3 ways: 1.

To render surfaces with texture, shade, and shadow and to create Jpegs/PNGs that can be edited in Photoshop and integrated into montages as objects or base layers.

2.

To create explanatory line drawings of 3D surfaces for diagrams via the Make2D command.

3.

To produce prototype models printed with powder and glue built up in layers of material thousandths of an inch at a time with the ZCorps printer (the most widely used 3D printer given its relative speed and cost).

We will use the ZCorp Printers to fabricate index models. ZCorp uses a gypsum based powder system and ink-jet technology to apply binder in thin layers.

Binder is only applied in layers to the zone within enclosed geometry or what can be considered the wall thickness of your surface. This means only solids or completely enclosed surfaces will print. We’ll discuss a few crucial parameters later.

3D printed models are still subject to the forces of gravity and self-weight. Even though a 3D printer can print just about any complex geometry you can devise, it’s no guarantee the model will be structurally sound enough to remove from the printer, stand on its own, or handled without crumbling. We’ll discuss structural parameters and post-processing of the models later.

ZCorp is capable of printing in color; however, most models remain white (leaving the model white hides potential damage or damage that may have occurred during the build, cleaning, post-processing). Color may only be used if it is integral to the surface’s performance; otherwise, the use of color may be considered a superficial application and will detract from the purpose and purity of the index model and its form.

CONSIDER THE PARAMETERS LISTED BELOW WHEN CREATING A MODEL FOR 3D PRINTING Minimum recommended ‘wall’ thickness: .125”

Knowledge organization is a construct, or means, to visualize how pieces of knowledge are arranged and connected in the individual’s mind; to facilitate learning, performance and retention. Why is this relevant? Organizing one’s knowledge facilitates an awareness of how complete (or incomplete) and clear (or unclear) one’s research, knowledge, idea, concept, or proposal is. Visualizing knowledge is a generative tactic, used to instigate one’s awareness of: systemic relationships and their organization; the scalar potential of detailed ecological processes, urban infrastructures, and material attributes; and to provide a framework to forge novel collaborations between the disciplines.

THERE ARE THREE WAYS WE LEARN AND DEVELOP KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 1.

The first is built on associations (links) based upon temporal contiguity. An example of temporal contiguity would be the link developed between flipping a light switch and the light from a bulb.

2.

The second is built on ideas that share conceptual relationships or meaning. An example of a conceptual relationship is the shared meaning between fairness and equality. Fairness: the state, condition, or quality of being fair, or free from bias or injustice; evenhandedness.

Equality: the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability. (Similarity, balance; egalitarianism)

3.

The third is built between objects with perceptual similarities. For example, one form of perceptual similarity is the relationship between a category and its members, such as perceptual similarities between a ball and a globe. Both the ball and globe could be associated with a circle in plan or section, and therefore categorized together.

Over time these associations build, and larger more complex structures emerge that reflect how entire bodies of knowledge are organized in a person’s mind.

Maximum build envelope: 6” x 6” x 3” (anything larger will take too long and expensive) Print/build time: 6-12 hours (includes 2 hours to cure and carefully remove/vacuum away un-bound surrounding powder.

2.

Post processing: To strengthen your model, you will need to delicately coat/paint it with a superglue and water solution.

3.

Closed geometry: ‘Watertight’ solids (like a water balloon with no holes, open edges or seams and therefor no leaks) are necessary for any 3D printing operation. Once again, designers are advised to consider this sooner than later when constructing digital models for 3D printing. (More on this critical concept and methodology later) Sustainable Urban Environments

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Urban Landscape

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Student Work Modeling Change Meital Ganor Fall 2013, Northeastern University School of Architecture Northeastern University

TWO: KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

THREE: THE CONCEPT MAP OVERVIEW THE CONCEPT MAP The Concept Map is an association of interdependent knowledge networks. Each network is an assemblage of knowledge structures, where knowledge of concepts, facts, skills, events, and processes are linked together by a common structure (a lattice / scaffold / framework of vectors and nodes). Therefore, the Concept Map is a unique and emergent process that mimics the individual’s accumulation, subsequent analysis, and aggregation of information into discernible relationships / patterns. One’s visualization, or spatial arrangement, of this process becomes the concept map.

Rigorously documented and well crafted research substantiates one’s proposal and provides agency to the design. Essential to achieving agency, the concept map is a framework to organize and clarify one’s proposal as well as validate its effectiveness.

Ernst Haeckel, General Morphology of Organisms, 1866: A diagram of the tree of life.

1. Knowledge structures are the visual manifestation of knowledge organization (the lattice, scaffold, or framework that structures concepts).

2. Knowledge structures are methods of linking or exposing relationships between concepts.

3. Knowledge structures are visualized as nodes and vectors.

4. Nodes represent concepts and vectors represent links between concepts.

5. Nodes are often represented with symbols or words connected by vectors.

6. The resultant pattern (lattice, scaffold, framework) that emerges of nodes + vectors is called a network.

7. Assemblages of networks represent one’s knowledge organization of various topics and their relationships to one another.

The Concept Map is a product and process of designing one’s research, organizing one’s thoughts, and developing one’s narrative. Concept Maps are essential when designing for change and the management of complex socio-ecological flows because they provide a visual mode of documentation Developing one is a process in substantiating one’s proposal. Visualization is a valuable instrument in that it achieve’s multiple tasks simultaneously. The concept map is an exploratory and explanatory tactic as it traces one’s internal assumptions, hypotheses, strategies, logic, and replicates or mimic aspects of existing knowledge organization (facts).

DEFINITIONS Agency is a term we use that describes the capacity of the designer or design proposal to exert power or achieve influence, to make change, and to persuade one’s critics, panel, client, board etc. that your idea is significant.

A project’s narrative conveys the relevance of one’s proposal, design, and research i.e. its story line. Future iterations of the concept map produce useful info graphics, effectual strategies, and compelling design proposals.

THE DENSITY OF CONNECTIONS (VECTORS) Knowledge structures vary in regard to the connections that exist among the pieces of knowledge. As one’s knowledge increases the number or density of connections between concepts, facts, and skills increases. Below are examples of knowledge structures, as they develop and evolve from Novice to Expert.

A. NOVICE Disconnected Knowledge Organization: Lacks the ability to recognize relationships between pieces of knowledge. Such as when one absorbs knowledge from each lecture but does not connect the information with previous lectures or recognize themes that cut across the course as a whole.

Information Graphics are graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge intended to present complex information quickly and clearly.

They can improve cognition by utilizing graphics to enhance the human visual system’s ability to see patterns and trends. The process of creating info graphics can be referred to as data visualization, information design, or information architecture.

A Map of Terrorism, Heath Bunting, 2008: A map of global activities and affiliations associated with terrorism. Commissioned by the Tate.

B. NOVICE Linear Sequence Organization: Sparse connections arranged in the form of a chain of associations. This structure affords the sequential access of info (good for stanzas of a poem or steps in a procedure) but problematic if one link is broken or if some deviation from the specified sequence is required. And the more nodes linked in a linear sequence (chain) the slower and more difficult it becomes to reclaim info.

A.

B.

C.

D.

C. Expert Knowledge Organized Hierarchically: How various pieces of information fit within a complex structure. For example, within disciplines (such as Landscape Architecture) there are theoretical schools, the scholars whose work falls within each school, and then the books, projects, etc. that exemplify each scholars work. However, not all knowledge can be organized in a set of tidy discrete hierarchies.

D. Multiple Knowledge Organizations: An interwoven web of classifications and connections organized theories, methodologies, time periods, topic areas, historical figures or combinations or a trans-disciplinary knowledge structure. These are interconnected hierarchical structures represents a highly connected (rhizomatic) knowledge structure that indicate cross referencing / or where theories break down.

Expert Knowledge Organizations are highly connected structures that allow one to access and use knowledge more efficiently and effectively. They visualize a person’s ability to process information in coherent chunks, based on prior knowledge, to build larger more interconnected (new) knowledge structures. This is how we learn.

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COURSE METHODOLOGIES

Student Work Modeling Change Yanmei Lin Fall 2013, Northeastern University School of Architecture Northeastern University

Paul Baran, Network models, 1964 : The three architectures -centralized, decentralized, and distributed -possible for a novel communicaiton system. From Baran, “On Distributed Communications” Introduction to Distributed Communications Networks.” 1964 (paper published internally within Rand Corporation).

School of Architecture Northeastern University

FOUR: CONCEPT MAP EVOLUTION Over time your concept, and therefore the concept map, transforms in structure, complexity, and artistic license; each evolve in meaning and purpose as one informs the other. Keep iterations to track your progress, and to document key inputs/outputs, systems, categories and their components, details/ specificity.

As a result, the structure and design of your concept map will emerge. Your arrangement, sequence, or assemblage of facts, data, definitions, categories, and quantification will change over time as your understanding of interconnection and system interdependence evolve. Expect its structure to expand in depth and size, as your analysis and understanding of the topic increases in level of sophistication; often re-organizing as new knowledge is integrated.

(As your understanding develops over time, so too should the concept map.)

Study the examples of concept maps as inspirational templates. You will use the vector node structure to specify relationships. Design a conceptual structure for organizing the knowledge you’ve accumulated on your transect.

ARPANET Completion Report, January 4, 1978: Heart, A. McKenzie, J. McQuillian, and D. Walden A map of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) from September 1971, showing some of its earliest nodes: at University of California, Los Angeles; Univeristy of California, Santa Barabara; Rand Corporation; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and Harvard Univeristy.

Smith, Graphic Statistics in Management: Below, a typical corporate organizational chart, showing the hierarchical structure from the president to the individual workman.

Smith, Graphic Statistics in Management: To the right, this radial organization chart highlights the centralized decision-making power structure of most companies, with the president at the very core, followed by successive degrees of dependency.

ARPANET COMPLETION REPORT, March 1977: A map of an expanding ARPANET. Heart, McKenzie, McQuillian and Walden.

Ramifications Concept Map

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Diderot and D’Alembert, Encyclopedia, or a systematic dictionary of the sciences, arts, and crafts, 1751

Sociograms: Jacob Moreno, Social scenarious ranging from total isolation (1) to an individual being attracted to six others outside of her group (2) to a more complex structure defined by an individual rejecting six and also being rejected by fifteen individuals within and outside of her own group (8)

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Sociograms: Jacob Moreno, Showing the relationships within a class of fourth graders, Boys (triangles) Girls (circles)

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Urban Landscape

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COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

EXAMPLE: MARK LOMBARDI

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Mark Lombardi was an American neo-conceptual artist who specialized in drawings that document alleged financial and political frauds by power brokers, and in general “the uses and abuses of power.”

Lombardi’s interest in presenting pure information qualified him as a Conceptual artist, but in many ways he was an investigative reporter after the fact. He liked to say that his drawings were probably best understood by the newspaper reporters who had covered the scandals he diagrammed.

Sometimes measuring as much as 10 feet across, these drawings nonetheless had tremendous visual verve, delicately tracing the convoluted unfoldings of contemporary morality tales like the savings and loan scandal, Whitewater, Iran-contra and the Vatican bank scandal. The small circles in his drawings identified the main players -- individuals, corporations and governments -along a time line. The arcing lines showed personal and professional links, conflicts of interest, malfeasance and fraud. Solid lines traced influence, dotted lines traced assets and wavy lines traced frozen assets. Final denouements like court judgment, bankruptcy and death were noted in red.

A partial food web, depicting predator-prey relationships between species of the Scotian Shelf in the Northwest Atlantic off the east coast of Canada. Species names enclosed in rectagles are of those exploited by humans, with cod at the heart of the convoluted network. Despite its remarkable intricacy, this food web is incomplete, because the feed habits of all participants have not been fully described. Futhermore, not all species -including some of the marine mammals -spend the entire year in the area.

Urban Landscape

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Urban Landscape

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

FIVE: DESIGNED RESEARCH / CONSTRUCTING THE CONCEPT MAP

School of Architecture Northeastern University

SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES

EVOLUTION HOW? THE CONCEPT MAP AS AN APPROACH

DATA VISUALIZATION / DESIGNED RESEARCH / AGENCY

Concept maps are knowledge driven visualizations. They document one’s process of investigation and its results. Think of the concept map as a designed response to the Scientific Method.

INSPIRATIONAL WEBSITES FOR KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF INTERRELATIONSHIPS

1.Define a set of Questions: Identify questions, variables, boundaries, ranges etc. that address an assigned task, and sponsors your investigation.

2.Gather Resources and Information: Conduct research on site, on-line, and in the library; Accumulate relevant data that validates and explains one’s research (step 1). Examine prototypical processes and forms, scan explanitory diagrams and examples, cite sources, document key definitions, trace patterns and sections, quantify values/data/measurements/areas/volumes/ratios. Create a folder per vein of research/topic/group etc. to maintain 3.Analyze Data: Develop and sketch a logic or reasoning that facilitates the underlying structure of your concept map. (the lattice, scaffold, or framework that visualizes one’s narrative, new connections and interdisciplinary links between variables, as well as sketches of graphs to explain the concepts, processes, facts etc.)

4.Interpret Analysis: Synthesize research into discrete components to support and validate your design decisions. Quantify necessary data into charts and graphs. (Use Excel as one option to quickly quantify and graph data. Export the chart/graph. Then reformat the file in Illustrator. Illustrator>Expand, Ungroup, and Clean up.)

5.Visualize and Aggregate Analysis: Combine the parts into a cohesive whole. Layout your research in a fashion that conveys your narrative in an effectual and compelling manner. Look to data visualization and design board examples for inspiration and technique!

This is an iterative (a repetitious or frequent) process. Maps, graphs, and diagrams collide.

CONSTRUCTING THE CONCEPT MAP Based upon the example concept maps and explanation of knowledge organization + structure, design a lattice/scaffold/framework to organize the knowledge you accumulate on your surface. Use the vector-node structure to specify relationships, explain processes, flow, facts, typologies etc.

1. In Rhino, begin a draft of your concept map. This is an organic yet rigorous process of organizing and connecting your research and analysis. A great way to begin, is to type (in top view) key words (these are associations, terms, categories, ideas, patterns, processes, lists). They should be typed as individual entities or short lists so that you may easily arrange them.

2. Then add to these categories relevant information. What knowledge structure will you use per concept? Linear hierarchy, rhizomatic, organic, circular..

Develop networks of information and organize them in a systematic manner. Remember you are visually defining and connecting concepts (nodes) to one another in a purposeful way. Those nodes are connected to additional nodes, which are connected to additional sets of nodes. Networks of various node-vector structures will emerge dependent upon the sequences, flow, spatial patterns, seasonal forces, or layers of process represented. The actual structure should be systematic. A system will help the process go much faster. (a grid, curve radii, angles of slope, line lengths, alignment, scale)

http://visualoop.com/11044/30-amazing-data-viz-galleries-everyone-should-follow http://scimaps.org/maps/map/napoleons_march_to_m_9/ http://flowingdata.com/ http://datavisualization.ch/tools/selected-tools/ http://datavisualization.ch/ http://benfry.com/projects/ http://www.stoss.net/ http://www.thefunctionalart.com/ http://feltron.com/ http://www.francescofranchi.com/ http://thisisindexed.com/ http://number27.org/ http://nigelholmes.com/ http://eagereyes.org/ http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/ http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/ http://www.christophniemann.com/ http://www.stefanieposavec.co.uk/ http://nicolasrapp.com/ http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/ http://clearscience.info/wp/ http://wurman.com/ http://catalogtree.net/ http://www.columnfivemedia.com/ http://www.densitydesign.org/ http://www.dubberly.com/ http://fathom.info/ http://hyperakt.com/ http://www.periscopic.com/ http://pitchinteractive.com/ http://stamen.com/ https://tacticaltech.org/ http://historyshots.com/

http://popchartlab.com/ http://www.timeplots.com/ http://chartsnthings.tumblr.com/ http://chartporn.org/ https://www.facebook.com/data http://infosthetics.com/ http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/ http://www.swissinfographics.com/ http://visualoop.com/ http://www.infodesign.org.uk/ http://www.snd.org/ http://data-art.net/ http://www.fastcompany.com/section/infographic-of-the-day http://community.good.is/infographics http://www.theguardian.com/data http://www.smallmeans.com/new-york-times-infographics/ http://visualization.geblogs.com/ http://www.niceone.org/infodesignpatterns/index.php5#/home.php5 http://newsmap.jp/ http://casualdata.com/senseofpatterns/ http://virtualwater.eu/ http://labs.strava.com/heatmap/#6/-120.90000/38.36000/blue/bike VISUALIZATION TOOLS http://www.tableausoftware.com/ http://gephi.github.io/ http://visualizing.org/ http://www.gapminder.org/ https://developers.google.com/chart/ http://www-958.ibm.com/software/analytics/manyeyes/ http://processing.org/ http://www.wordle.net/

PRINCIPLES OF GRAPHICAL EXCELLENCE 1. Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data -a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design.

2. Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency.

3. Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space.

Graphical excellence is nearly ALWAYS MULTIVARIATE. And graphical excellence requires telling the truth about the data.

Mapping: Layering spatial data, geographical characteristics, and patterns of change over time.

Sustainable Urban Environments

Data Analysis: Layering graphs, sequencing charts, aggregating taxonomies to reveal relationships associated with process (chage over time usually).

Flow + Connection + Process: Systemitized organization of nodes and vectors joining seemingly isolated phenomena into a perceptible whole.

A visualization of the dynamic urban and ecological processes.

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COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

THE PHYLOGENETIC GRAPH

School of Architecture Northeastern University

PHYLOGENISIS, SPECIES: OPERATIVE SURFACES FOA’S ARC

ANALYZE Phylogenesis: Foa’s Ark / Foreign Office Architects, Sanford Kwinter, Mark Wigley, Detlef Mertins, Jeffrey Kipnis. Actar, 2004.

Read FOA’s conceptual process, evolution of practice, and construction of the “Phylogenetic Tree.” Get accustomed to the graph’s hierarchy, it components and definitions, graphics, and general methodology. Next analyze the projects posted; How do they work independently and how do they relate to one another. Critique the systems and logics of each project or “species” and define for yourself how landform operate. {think correlation versus causation} Your task is to re-analyze the theory and meaning of the terms created, the mode of classification appropriated, as well as the logic behind FOA’s “operativity of the landform” used to organize the Phylogenetic Tree as illustrated in Foa’s Arc. Substitute your project with their practice and re-interpret the Phylogenetic Tree as it applies to your research. You are tasked with designing a schematic framework of terms or “technical arsenal” to organize your surface research, {the sustainable processes/surfaces/technology you implement to design for adaptation}.

Of most importance is your understanding of the how and why this classification evolves as well as its purpose. Begin to speculate on prototypical operations and surfaces as FOA has that could be useful to remediation. Graph your results as FOA graphed its projects.

The Phylogenetic Tree not only provides organization for one’s research and logic, but establishes an evolving frame of reference for future speculation {Part Three}. Don’t over-think, use this as a tool to clarify your project. As stated in Foa’s Ark: “like every taxonomy, it has a certain degree of arbitrariness and remains in constant evolution... our hypothesis is that the rigor of the classification will become productive by itself: Through the process of mapping the lineages and developing the taxonomy, we automatically identify possibilities we have not tried, repetitions of traces that survive in certain environments.”

Expect to use this process of self-classification as a means to generate additional insights and questions. Expect to edit its hierarchy and shape as you add layers of complexity to your position, and to use the system to structure the physical, temporal, and conceptual basis of your project. You may begin to use icons as a way of illustrating meaning or surface- but design these in Rhino so that they may be revised, rotated, and so forth.

Phylogenisis, Phylogenetic Tree Foa’s Arc

SELECTED QUOTES: PHYLOGENESIS, FOA’S ARC

“Identity and operativity of the landform” “Speculative” “Technical arsenal for the implementation of...” “Set of Instruments” “Degree of stability / Degree of reactivity” “This classification of projects is an attempt to establish a certain bench mark, internal to our practice, that will at least map out the range of territories that we have explored so far, and that will allow us to position future ones” “Describe your landscape as a lineage of ideas that evolve through time and across different environments” “Operativity of a practice depend on this balance between repetition and differentiation” “A consistent reservoir of architectural species to be proliferated, mutated and evolved” “A typological approach is increasingly ineffective as an articulation between an environment, a program, or an effect, and a particular material assemblage.”

“Phylogenetic lineage -trying to construct a kind of alienated and evolving authorship, able to accumulate effectively the various experiences that we have developed, the various characters that become part of the practice.”

“The consistency of the practice is as a result grounded on the definition of consistent morphological diagrams” “The species that we have developed through 10 years of practice had to be resilient enough to grow in multiple ecosystems” “Series of protocols or techniques that we apply systematically, a kind of methodology” “Classification: Phyla {abstract diagrams and their application to the specific conditions where the project takes place}” “Like every taxonomy, it has a certain degree of arbitrariness and remains in constant evolution. But our hypothesis is that the rigor of the classification will become productive by itself: through the process of mapping the lineages and developing the taxonomy, we automatically identify possibilities we have not tried, repetitions of traces that survive in certain environments”

Phylogenisis, Species: Operative Surfaces Foa’s Arc

“To use Speciation to understand the specificity and variability of our practice” “The use value of these classifications are more prospective, and more directly linked to future production” “To establish an evolving frame of reference able to tell us what we discover” “Non-traditional functional classification types {schools, residences, institutions, industrial} but a morphological one in which the prototype becomes a material mediator for a particular material assemblage” “Deployment of particular organizations”

Grosifa: Ground_Single Surface Sustainable Urban Environments

Enmulfa: Envelope_Multi-face

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PHYLOGENISIS, SPECIES: OPERATIVE SURFACES FOA’S ARC

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

PHASE THREE URBAN SURFACE AS ECOSYSTEM SERVICE SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES Schedule

Tuesday 3:15-6:00 pm Friday 3:35-5:05 pm (optional class: additional software tutorial) Ryder Hall 454 Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu Wed 11-2 Holmes 583 (or by appointment)

Location Instructor Office Hours

PHASE TWO CONSILIENCE w10

fri07nov

3:30-4:00

3DPRINTING {MARK SIVAK, MANAGER OF SNELL 3D PRINTING LAB} A. Zcorp Printing Process: file type / size / post production super glue + water dilution dip B. Volume of Material and Pricing C. Parameters: Structural Stability D. Printing Color (you may use black to portray adaptation via change of pattern or tone) E. 3D Lab Printing Options (material/model pro’s and con’s) F. 3D Lab Consultation Hours 20% PHASE TWO DELIVERABLES DUE (COMPLETION GRADE) If received Friday-Saturday (Grade of A) If received Sunday-Monday (Grade of B) 1. Iteration One: Concept Map 2. Peer Feedback 3. Iteration One: Surface Diagram 1 Axonometric View Cut Contours + Rendered 1 Axonometric View Cut Contours + Rendered 1 Plan / Top View Cut Contours + Rendered 2 Elevations Front, Left View Cut Contours + Rendered 2 Elevations Back, Right View Cut Contours + Rendered

(1 PDF) (1 PDF/Group Member) (1 11x17 PDF) (1 11x17 PDF) (1 11x17 PDF) (1 11x17 PDF) (1 11x17 PDF)

Directive Labeling/Titles Always: What is the view highlighting?

PHASE THREE URBAN SURFACE AS ECOSYSTEM SERVICE w11

w12

tue11nov

Lecture-Peer Feedback

fri14nov

Opt. Software Tutorial

tue18nov

*Lecture-Peer Feedback *Print Deadline Approaching

w13

fri21nov

*Opt. Software Tutorial

fri25nov

no class

DRAW THEIR AGENCY II Occupational Ecologies / Adaptation and Resilience Distribute: Phase II Targeted Feedback DUE: REVISED DRAFT OF SURFACE FOR TARGETED FEEDBACK A progressed, visibly updated and revised iteration of your surface 2 Axonometric Views (contoured and rendered) 1 Plan / Top View (contoured and rendered) 2 Elevations (contoured and rendered) Directive labeling DRAW THEIR AGENCY III Concept Map Evolution / Surface Visualization Distribute: Surface Draft Targeted Feedback Revise surface per Targeted + Peer Feedback Submit surface file / Consult 3D Lab / Make necessary revisions (if any) 3D LAB FILE SUBMISSION DEADLINE TO SNELL 30% PHASE THREE SUBMISSION DUE 1. Iteration Two: Concept Map 2. Peer Feedback 3. Iteration Two: Surface Diagram 1 Axonometric View Cut Contours + Rendered 1 Axonometric View Cut Contours + Rendered 1 Plan / Top View Cut Contours + Rendered 2 Elevations Front, Left View Cut Contours + Rendered 2 Elevations Back, Right View Cut Contours + Rendered

(1 PDF) (1 PDF/Group Member) (1 11x17 PDF) (1 11x17 PDF) (1 11x17 PDF) (1 11x17 PDF) (1 11x17 PDF)

Directive Labeling/Titles Always: What is the view highlighting?

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Sustainable Urban Environments

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COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

PHASE THREE URBAN SURFACE AS ECOSYSTEM SERVICE

AGENCY INTERVIEWS

fri21nov

*Opt. Software Tutorial

3D LAB FILE SUBMISSION DEADLINE TO SNELL

w13

fri25nov

no class

30% PHASE THREE SUBMISSION DUE

w13

fri28nov

Thanksgiving Break

w14

tue02dec

Final Submission Deliverables

w15

fri05dec

Opt. Software Tutorial

fri12dec

Final Exam Week

Agency is a term we use to describe the capacity of the designer or design proposal to exert power or achieve influence, to make change, and to persuade one’s critics, panel, client, board etc. that your idea is significant. During Peer Feedback students will break into their Colloquium-Lecture Groups. Each student will discuss his or her concept map and model via the points listed below. (Divide duration of class time by those in the group for discussion allotment per member.) Address and Discuss the topics listed below in addition to modeling/visualization techniques:

DISTRIBUTE GRADES + PHASE THREE TARGETED FEEDBACK

sun14dec

THE ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF INVESTIGATION

2.

THE LANDSCAPE OPERATION OF INVESTIGATION / BIOMIMICRY (THE ACT, INSTANCE, OR MANNER OF FUNCTIONING OR OPERATING TO PRODUCE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES I.E. THE PROCESS YOU WISH TO MANIPULATE, LEVERAGE, INTEGRATE SUCH AS PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, BIOREMEDIATION, SUCCESSION IN ORDER TO ADDRESS TYPES OF DEGRADATION OR RISK.

3.

DEGRADATION CAN INCLUDE:

30% FINAL SUBMISSION DUE Deliverables and Objectives discussed during lecture Tuesday Dec 2

w16

1.

WATER QUALITY SEDIMENT DEGRADATION DUE TO STORMWATER RUNOFF, NON-POINT SOURCE DISCHARGES, INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES

Winter Break

SHORELINE MODIFICATIONS DUE TO URBAN+INDUSTRIAL LAND USE, RIP-RAP REVETMENTS+BULKHEADS+PIERS HYDRODYNAMIC + HYDRAULIC CHANGES DUE TO SHIPPING TRAFFIC, FILLING/SCOURING VIA STORMWATER RUNOFF, CSOS

PHASE THREE OBJECTIVES The processess, concepts, skills, and techniques applied during SUEN 6220 are multi-disciplinary in content, necessitate inter-disciplinary collaboration, and aim for trans-disciplinary methodologies. Phase Three aims to foster an awareness of landscape as an operational infrastructure and to recognize the cognitive relationships, physical manifestation, and spatial implication of designed geometries, material properties, and ecological processes as patterns to be leveraged.

BATHYMETRIC ALTERNATIONS DUE TO DREDGING 4.

RISK CAN INCLUDE: FLOOD DUE TO INCREASED STORMWATER RUNOFF AND IMPERVIOUS SURFACES STORM SURGE DUE TO INCREASED EROSION AND DECREASED SEDIMENTATION

Prior modes of representation should be re-integrated to visualize and communicate your surface prototype.

Students should develop skills in: the representation of knowledge structures and concept maps; a basic proficiency in AutoCad, Illustrator, and Rhino; a solid grasp of parametric modeling concepts and generative tactics for the implementation and visualization of adaptation; and the capacity to ecological services as urban surfacesdesign thinking via the proficiency of Digital Fabrication, 3-D Modeling, Computational Geometries and System Graphs.

5.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICE(S) THE ECOLOGIES YOU WISH TO GENERATE (ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ARE BENEFITS WE RECEIVE FROM ECOSYSTEMS COLLECTIVELY (THE LANDSCAPE), SUCH AS CLEAN WATER AND AIR,RECREATION, AND THE PRODUCTION OF FOOD

Next, interpret their agency. via a sketch / evocative image / relevant diagram / statistic / chart / or graph. Include directive labeling. Scan and submit to the member.

Peer Feedback:

Draw Their Agency Bring your computer and present your revised surface and concept map to the group. Discuss. Draw Their Agency.

Colloquium / Peer Feedback Groups {3, 1, 4} {8, 13, 2} {11, 5, 10, 14} {12, 7, 6, 9}

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Chen, Kevin Clemente, Carolina Colon-Badillo, Migdalia Elmoisheer, Deema S. Espino, Miguel A. Gillam, Heather L. Hilario, Karen M. Klein, Thomas H. McCarthy, Caitlin M. Sainz, Jose M. Undemir, Muge Wang, Jiaqi Xue, Feng Young, Jordan P.

3

School of Architecture Northeastern University

SYSTEMIC THINKING The investigation of informational processes and patterns of nature and urbanism that can be analyzed and strategically implemented into the physical urban landscape. Digital technologies have transformed not only the way we represent our ideas but also the means through which we generate them. A range of digital tools is now available. Digital fabrication enables the designer to investigate emergent concepts via novel computational and generative form finding.

This process has facilitated a greater fluidity between creative thinking, development, and fabrication than in traditional approaches, which necessitated a more cumulative, staged process.

PHASE THREE SURFACE STRATEGIES URBAN SURFACE AS ECOSYSTEM SERVICE Schedule Location Instructor Office Hours

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Tuesday 3:15-6:00 pm Friday 3:35-5:05 pm (optional class: additional software tutorial) Ryder Hall 454 Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu Wed 11-2 Holmes 583 (or by appointment)

Digital technologies have transformed not only the way we represent our ideas but also the means through which we generate them. A range of digital tools is now available: Explorative ones allow the designer to investigate emergent concepts via novel computational and generative form finding; 3D modeling and visualization enable us to understand a design and its development. This process has facilitated a greater fluidity between creative thinking/design generation, development, and fabrication than in traditional approaches , which necessitated a more cumulative, staged process.

OBJECTIVES The processes, concepts, skills, and techniques developed during the software primer and lecture-colloquia are multi-disciplinary in content, necessitate inter-disciplinary collaboration, and aspire for trans-disciplinary methodologies. Phase Three aims for synthesis of course content and to foster an awareness of landscape as an operational infrastructure.

YOUR SURFACE IS AN INDEX OF ADAPTATION Resilience means designing for change. The surface you develop should demonstrate designed adaptation. This is accomplished via the manipulation of a prototype and its systematic transformation over time. You’ve been tasked to research the operation and performance of an ecological process or cycle because of its inherent ability to adapt and regenerate; apply the cognitive relationships you’ve accumulated during the course, linking geometry and operation, to develop a prototype of site specific content; and then ‘test’ the prototype via a set of parameters. The result is an index of adaptation; and quite literally a non-uniform ‘field’ condition that gives concrete form to an abstract concept.

PATTERN TO PROTOTYPE

An index is a sign or abstraction that represents complex relationships and flows. For example, take the old adage “where there’s smoke, there’s fire.” The physical manifestation of smoke is an index representing the inputs, outputs, and exchanges that generate fire, and give form to smoke. Likewise, the ‘red exit sign’ as seen in public buildings is the embodiment of safety and represents the quickest route of egress. The exit sign is also a manifestation of an event and its subsequent regulation; regulation that occurred as a result of the Iroquois Theatre Fire on December 30, 1903 (Chicago, Illinois) where 605 patrons perished.

Conduct deep analysis of an ecological topic discussed during lecture-colloquium.

Document a prototypical pattern associated with this topic, as well two variations of this prototypical pattern. (to understand how the pattern reacts and adapts) Look for variation in shape, scale, volume, or density as a result of change over time (seconds, minutes, hours, diurnal, seasonal) and so forth.

Detail and craft when tracing is key: consider the specificity of line, its modulation, and the processes executed to create it i.e. is the form organic and therefore emergent, geometric and human induced, or a combination of both?

When designing for change, we use indexes to simplify connections between scale, dimension, magnitude, location, and time and their potential outcomes.

Abstracted patterns, such as those you’ve traced from aerial photography, are indexes of complex urban-ecological relationships; ‘flows’ above, below, and across landscape that transform a terrain and generate form. As discussed, urban and environmental systems are dynamic and interdependent, one affects, alters, disturbs, influences, upsets, transforms, and/or modifies the other. Each effect embodies 1. A discrete set of parameters and processes 2. Is associated with patterns of site associative content (geometry that implies ecological specificity), and 3. Can be strategically configured.

As designers we look to patterns in nature (on the ground, with maps, aerial photography, etc.) as registers of landscape operation and ecological service.

We form associations from their shape, density, tone, temporality, and materiality.

Sustainable Urban Environments

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Sustainable Urban Environments

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COURSE METHODOLOGIES

RHINOCEROS® FOR ECOSYSTEM SURFACE DESIGN AND 3D PRINTING

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Rhino (for short) is a program we use when designing multi-scalar surfaces and parametric based geometry. Rhino 3-dimensional digital files can be used to visualize your design in 3 ways: 1.

To render surfaces with texture, shade, and shadow and to create Jpegs/PNGs that can be edited in Photoshop and integrated into montages as objects or base layers.

2.

To create explanatory line drawings of 3D surfaces for diagrams via the Make2D command.

3.

To produce prototype models printed with powder and glue built up in layers of material thousandths of an inch at a time with the ZCorps printer (the most widely used 3D printer given its relative speed and cost).

We will use the ZCorp Printers to fabricate index models. ZCorp uses a gypsum based powder system and ink-jet technology to apply binder in thin layers.

Binder is only applied in layers to the zone within enclosed geometry or what can be considered the wall thickness of your surface. This means only solids or completely enclosed surfaces will print. We’ll discuss a few crucial parameters later.

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2. Surface

Depicts the boundary face of an object as a thin sheet without thickness / Used to represent Free-Form Objects in two ways: Either using complex mathematics to obtain an exact representation of the surface, or as a set of planar polygon meshes to approximate a surface.

(Cannot be printed)

3. Solids

A Surface or Polysurface enclosing a volume without any gaps, openings, or intersections amond the individual surfaces.

(Printable)

2 CONSTRUCTION PLANE / GEOMETRY CONSTRUCTION AND MODIFICATION / LAYER MANAGEMENT / SURFACE DISPLAY The urban terrain is a complex set of functions and requires an interdisciplinary lens from which to deconstruct pattern and form from socio-ecological processes an

3D printed models are still subject to the forces of gravity and self-weight. Even though a 3D printer can print just about any complex geometry you can devise, it’s no guarantee the model will be structurally sound enough to remove from the printer, stand on its own, or handled without crumbling. We’ll discuss structural parameters and post-processing of the models later.

ZCorp is capable of printing in color; however, most models remain white (leaving the model white hides potential damage or damage that may have occurred during the build, cleaning, post-processing). Color may only be used if it is integral to the surface’s performance; otherwise, the use of color may be considered a superficial application and will detract from the purpose and purity of the index model and its form.

3 RHINO SURFACES / POINTS AND CURVES FRAMEWORK The urban terrain is a complex set of functions and requires an interdisciplinary lens from which to deconstruct pattern and form from socio-ecological processes an

INSIDE RHINOCEROS

4,5,6 SURFACE CONSTRUCTION AND MANIPULATION VIA POINTS AND CURVES

The urban terrain is a complex set of functions and requires an interdisciplinary lens from which to deconstruct pattern and form from socio-ecological processes and materiality. This primer is intended to help you appreciate Rhino as an instrument of research and design or design as research. Rhinoceros, also known as Rhino, is a 3D surface modeling application. It’s based on the popular NURBS (nonuniform rational B-spline) mathematics, which enables the construction of free-form organic surfaces. Rhino is a powerfully flexible modeling tool that enables the experimentation, curiosity, and exploration necessary to design and then construct performance based form.

The urban terrain is a complex set of functions and requires an interdisciplinary lens from which to deconstruct pattern and form from socio-ecological processes an

The ‘top-down thinking process’ of pattern association and resultant form requires knowledge of surface modeling technique, or the ‘bottom-up process’ of constructing individual surfaces. In order to perform both, you need to know what Rhino surfaces are available and how they can be built. Making NURBS surfaces requires a set of curve frameworks. Therefore, Rhino has a set of curve tools. To enable modifications and improvisation of surface models, Rhino incorporates a comprehensive set of editing, transformation, and analysis tools.

And finally, to cope with rapid prototyping, such as 3D printing, Rhino provides a set of polygon mesh tools that use faceted approximation instead of NURBS surfaces to represent 3D free-form objects. Apart from that, it has tools for outputting 2D engineering drawings and highly photorealistic rendered images and animations.

1. Couple ecological process and its performance of ecosystem services with the urban surface.

2. Research and design of pattern and process association to inform strategies of adaptive mitigation.

3. NURBS surface iterations, your hybrid surface prototype.

4. Surface stability and construction as a mesh for printing.

5. Print and visualize your implementation process and surface performance.

8 SOLIDS AND SOLID CONSTRUCTION The urban terrain is a complex set of functions and requires an interdisciplinary lens from which to deconstruct pattern and form from socio-ecological processes an 9 POLYGON MESHES / RAPID PROTOTYPING

10 CURVE, SURFACE, AND POLYGON MESH TRANSFORMATION The urban terrain is a complex set of functions and requires an interdisciplinary lens from which to deconstruct pattern and form from socio-ecological processes an 11 CURVE, SURFACE, AND POLYGON MESH ANALYSIS

With Rhino you can digitally model: 1. NURBS (nonuniform rational B-spline) Surfaces 2. NURBS Polysurfaces (sets of contiguous surfaces joined together) 3. NURBS SOLIDS (water-tight surface s and polysurfaces)

Sustainable Urban Environments

The urban terrain is a complex set of functions and requires an interdisciplinary lens from which to deconstruct pattern and form from socio-ecological processes an

The urban terrain is a complex set of functions and requires an interdisciplinary lens from which to deconstruct pattern and form from socio-ecological processes an

1 DIGITAL MODELING OVERVIEW / SURFACE MODELING CONCEPTS / INTERFACE, TOOLS, KEY FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

3D objects are represented as:

7 SURFACE MANIPULATION METHODS

The urban terrain is a complex set of functions and requires an interdisciplinary lens from which to deconstruct pattern and form from socio-ecological processes an

4. Polygon Meshes (an approximation of an object by using a set of small contiguous planar faces)

12,13,14 IMPORT / EXPORT / 2D ENGINEERING DRAWINGS / RENDERING

5. Rendered Images from Surfaces, Polysurfaces, Solids, and Polygon Meshes 6. Construct 2D Drawings

The urban terrain is a complex set of functions and requires an interdisciplinary lens from which to deconstruct pattern and form from socio-ecological processes an

1. Wireframe

Curves representing the edges of an object.

(Cannot be printed) 7

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

Objectives C

TARGETED FEEDBACK / INDEX SURFACE SUEN6220 ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES PHASE THREE URBAN SURFACE AS ECOSYSTEM SERVICE w12 w13 w14 w15 w16

fri21nov tue25nov fri28nov tue02dec fri05dec fri12dec sun14dec

Opt. Software Tutorial Opt. Software Tutorial Thanksgiving Break In-Class Work Session Opt. Software Tutorial Final Exam Week Winter Break

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Index Surface Submission 30% Phase Three Submission Due

To visually communicate the performance of your prototype in isolation.

1. Ai: Define the parameters2 (three) that generated the form and performance of the surface. (Wiki/Websters) 1

2. Ai: Next define three concurrent3 processes4 associated with the performance of the surface. (Wiki/Websters)

Final Deliverables Discussed 30% Final Submission Due (index model + photo documentation)

3. Ai: Articulate each process as a series of operations5 or steps.

Student Name: Objective A

To clearly define the metrics of your surface.

Metrics can be defined as the underlying principles that systematize formal organizations, programmatic affiliations, and their behaviors.

Metrics may also be discovered in the production of form tied to social scenarios, new and alternative scales of investigation, and in the generative tools that organize geometric transformation.

4. Rhino or Cad: Visualize each process by mapping the operations as a sequence6.

5. Ai: Now translate each process into a mode of operating that actuate’s (put into action; start; instigate) the surface.

Answer these three questions on performance metrics.

1. What are the processes critical to define your surface?

6. Ai: Articulate each mode as a series of transformations. Diagram its morphology.

2. Can you identify specific or quantifiable outputs?

7. Rhino: Transform your prototype accordingly. Make2D at each transformation. (check hidden lines box).

3. Are there established targets against which results can be scored?

8. Diagram transformation in Top View with linework (arrows added in Ai) that aligns with trajectory

Objectives B

To succinctly frame your research; answer these three questions on concept.

1. The research question that underpins and motivates my project is?

9. Choose an isometric or perspectival orientation that shows the off the prototype and save the view 1 Axonometric View of Prototype

Render high-res (300dpi) the prototype polysurface/solid as a png file. Make sure the transparent background box is checked Make2D command within the above mentioned window, and retrieve linework in Top View 0,0 coordinates Delete/repair flattened linework. Diagram, dimension, express flow and performance on flattened prototype in Top View In Top View export selected linework as a 2000dxf file. Open in Ai. ‘Place’ png on new layer and scale linework to fit Directive Labeling/Titles Always/Metrics/Specificity

2. What does the surface index?

Notes 1. Performance: the act, process, or art of performing; manner or quality of functioning: a machine’s performance 2. A parameter is a characteristic, feature, or measurable factor that can help in defining a particular system. A parameter is an important element to consider in evaluation or comprehension of an event, project, or situation.

3. Concurrent: occurring or existing simultaneously or side by side; acting in conjunction; cooperating.

4. Process: a systematic series of actions directed to some end (ex. to devise a process for homogenizing milk); a continuous action, operation, or series of changes taking place in a definite manner (ex. the process of decay).

5. Operation: a process of a practical or mechanical nature in some form of work or production; a course or procedure of productive or industrial activity; a particular process or course.

6. Sequence the following of one thing after another; succession; a continuous or connected series; something that follows; a subsequent event; result; consequence.

3. What forms of hybridity does the surface reveal?

Sustainable Urban Environments

1

Sustainable Urban Environments

2

COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Objective D

INDEX SURFACE DOCUMENTATION

To visually communicate the performance1 of your prototype in aggregate (deployed as the surface).

1 Axonometric View of Surface

SUEN6220 IMPLEMENTATION AND VISUALIZATION ECOSYSTEM SURFACE STRATEGIES

Choose an isometric or perspectival orientation that shows the off the surface and save the view Render high-res (300dpi) the prototype polysurface/solid as a png file. Make sure the transparent background box is checked Make2D command within the above mentioned window, and retrieve linework in Top View 0,0 coordinates Delete/repair flattened linework. Diagram, dimension, express flow and performance on flattened prototype in Top View In Top View export selected linework as a 2000dxf file. Open in Ai. ‘Place’ png on new layer and scale linework to fit Directive Labeling/Titles Always/Metrics/Specificity

Tuesday Friday Brad Goetz Wed 11-2

3:15-6:00 pm (Ryder 454) 3:35-5:05 pm (Optional software tutorial) m.goetz@neu.edu Holmes 583 (Office hours)

SCHEDULE w15 w15 w16 1 Plan View of Surface

On a new layer, cut contours (Contour command) at a reasonable interval, cutting perpendicular to base.

For clarity, choose contours only associated with either the top or bottom surface. In Top View, Make2D In Top View, Render, 300dpi. as a png, transparent background.

Delete/repair flattened linework. Diagram, dimension, express flow and performance on flattened prototype in Top View In Top View export selected linework as a 2000dxf file. Open in Ai. ‘Place’ png on new layer and scale linework to fit Directive Labeling/Titles Always/Metrics/Specificity

fri05dec fri12dec mon15dec

Photography Lab

Opt. Software Tutorial Final Exam Week Winter Break

30% Phase Three Submission Revisions Due (email PDFs) 30% Final Submission Due: Index model photo documentation and 1 photo printed

240 RYDER HALL http://www.northeastern.edu/camd/artdesign/about/facilities/photography-lab/ Students can contact the Photography Lab by visiting 240 Ryder Hall or calling 617.373.8697 Both digital and analog photography is supported.

1 Sectional Elevation

1. The Photography Lab will have a camera designated for SUEN 6220 student use + a station set up with lighting to photograph your model.

Choose the ‘best’ side view (Front, Back, Left, Right) Render high-res (300dpi) the prototype polysurface/solid as a png file. Make sure the transparent background box is checked Make2D command within the above mentioned window, and retrieve linework in Top View 0,0 coordinates Delete/repair flattened linework. Diagram, dimension, express flow and performance on flattened prototype in Top View In Top View export selected linework as a 2000dxf file. Open in Ai. ‘Place’ png on new layer and scale linework to fit Directive Labeling/Titles Always/Metrics/Specificity

2. Each student should take numerous high resolution (300 dpi) photographs.

3. Photographs should document the overall structure and form of the surface, investigate multiple scales of interpretation, prototype components, and veins of adaptation.

4. Zip the jpegs and email them to me. Each Jpeg should have a directive or focused name.

5. Choose one photo and have the lab print it at 8x10. Submit the print to my box in Ryder 151.

Sequential Sections

On a new layer, cut contours (Contour command) at a reasonable interval, cutting along the base For clarity, separate contours into two groups (bottom surface and top surface) In the Side View, choose one group and move each contour the same distance up using a reference line. Do this for both groups In the same view, Make2D Delete/repair flattened linework. Diagram, dimension, express flow and performance on flattened prototype in Top View In Top View export selected linework as a 2000dxf file. Open in Ai. ‘Place’ png on new layer and scale linework to fit Directive Labeling/Titles Always/Metrics/Specificity

** All submissions (including Phase Three Revisions) must be submitted by December 15th 10am. Grades are due at 2pm that day. Otherwise students may receive an incomplete, and should make arrangements with me to complete objectives and submit course deliverables.

Notes 1. Performance: the act, process, or art of performing; manner or quality of functioning: a machine’s performance 2. A parameter is a characteristic, feature, or measurable factor that can help in defining a particular system. A parameter is an important element to consider in evaluation or comprehension of an event, project, or situation.

3. Concurrent: occurring or existing simultaneously or side by side; acting in conjunction; cooperating.

4. Process: a systematic series of actions directed to some end (ex. to devise a process for homogenizing milk); a continuous action, operation, or series of changes taking place in a definite manner (ex. the process of decay).

5. Operation: a process of a practical or mechanical nature in some form of work or production; a course or procedure of productive or industrial activity; a particular process or course.

6. Sequence the following of one thing after another; succession; a continuous or connected series; something that follows; a subsequent event; result; consequence.

Sustainable Urban Environments

3 School of Architecture Northeastern University

Objective E

Clarity of concept. To convey in a clear and cohesive manner Objectives A + B + C. This is your visual narrative and your agency.

Sustainable Urban Environments

1

ECOSURFACE LAB ECOSYSTEM SURFACES

The Urban Landscape & Sustainable Urban Environments EcoSurface Lab partnered with Snell Library and its new Digital Media Commons 3D Printing Studio to test the limits of fabrication and develop a technological pedagogical approach to the digital modeling of thought via ecosystem services as urban surfaces. 24 ecosystem surfaces designed in the lab were printed over the span of 9 months. Each became a prototype, or index surface of ecological, methodological, and formal hybridity.

Models of thought, armatures of change. Fall 2013

DESIGN STRATEGIES MODELING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

V. 11076.4 mm3

V. 11076.4 mm3 A 7766.3 mm2

A 7766.3 mm2

A/V 0.70

A/V 0.70

34.52mm

34.52mm 24.18mm

V. 3009.9 mm3 A 1992.0 mm2 A/V 0.66

20.7mm

17.4mm

24.18mm

V. 3009.9 mm3

14.6mm

A 1992.0 mm2 A/V 0.66 10.9mm V. 442.4 mm3 A 254.8 mm2 A/V 0.57

10mm

20.7mm

Nesting

Filtration Capacity

Constructed Wetland

I explored the unlimited configurations of tessellations and their relationship with the different shapes created by those manipulations.

Soil saturation and fiber content are important factors in determining the capacity of a wetland in retaining water.

Like a sponge, as the pore spaces in wetland soil and peat become saturated by water, they are able to hold less additional water and are also able to release the water more easily. Clay soils retain more water than loam or sand, and hold the water particles more tightly through capillary action since pore spaces are small and the water particles are attracted to the negatively charged clay. Pore spaces between sand particles are large and water drains more freely since less of the water in the pore is close enough to be attracted to the soil particle.

the integration of ecological services with material specification and or technology, and the ecological processes that inspired your surface. Much of this can be grafted from your submissions

Habib Maddahi Fall 2013, Northeastern University

Habib Maddahi Fall 2013, Northeastern University

The space created between the shapes and the shapes themselves are the components to this ecosystem. The way they contribute and relate to the ecosystem it serves is versatile and dynamic and has the ability to perform multi scalar both vertically and horizontally ecoservices: It can create and sustain relationships between different types of plants, vegetation, birds and insects, can provide both housing and feeding during migrations, or even replace damaged habitat. It can also improve nesting and provide shade and sun light exposure at different levels.

Meital Ganor Fall 2013, Northeastern University

1.My surface involved an iteration of a geocell container for earthen materials known as EnviroGrid. EnviroGrid is used to mitigate erosion, restore lost shoreline habitats, and holds earth materials without over compacting soil during the construction of roads and structures with moist foundation materials. EnviroGrid is durable and much less costly than traditional concrete structural foundation procedures. My surface is a perfect example of scalability in regards to crossdisciplinary research and projects, in addition to small to large installations.

Traditional EnviroGrid has been used from flat to steep terrain, requiring the placement of support piers and ropes to contain the geocell from slipping, sliding, or becoming unstable. My surface takes traditional flattopped EnviroGrid and skews/transforms it to flow along any 3d fluvial surface.

In relationship to cleansing polluted urban runoff via constructed wetlands – my scaled EnviroGrid installation provides additional maximized surface area to create habitat for pollution-eating microbes to grow. Additionally, a scaled or flowed EnviroGrid surface provides

Subaquatic Biofilm

17.4mm

program previously hindered by traditional EnviroGrid. Children can encounter varied landscapes, some stepped, others inclined 14.6mm or declined like a hill, leading directly to the waters edge. Finally, the scalability of my surface allows for maintenance equipment 10.9mm operators to access the wetlands without disrupting preferred soil conditions, mitigating erosion and compaction 10mm concerns.

2.The ecological processes that inspired my surface is the cleansing act of infiltration and percolation of water through natural earthen systems. The loss of these natural earthen systems due to road and building construction resulting in expanses of impervious pavement and asphalts is directly correlated to elevated levels of urban runoff and natural waterway degradation. The flowed surface inspired by the technologically simple EnviroGrid design I have studied allows for roads, retaining walls, and shorelines to be constructed to best meet the needs of waterway cleansing while simultaneously providing critical animal habitat.

Constructed wetlands provide numerous ecosystem services. Under the surface of the water, anaerobic bacteria and microbial agents break down and degrade pollution particles into their natural elements and facilitate efficient deposition of suspended solids. The EnviroGrid module above forms a flow pattern for urban runoff from impervious neighborhoods through a series of constructed pathways, contoured along the natural topographic landscape of a low-lying site. These pathways are specifically designed to reduce erosion, soil compaction, and allow for water to flow over BioSpheres. Above the water line, constructed wetlands provide bird and plant habitat, opportunities for leisure, recreation, and environmental education for community residents.

Below right: BioSpheres are designed to increase surface area signficantly over a typical sphere or piece of crushed rock. This increase in subaqeous surface area promotes the development and growth of biofilm. Biofilm provides perfect habitat for microbial agents and bacteria to cleanse urban runoff of its heightened Biospeheres are designed to increase nutrient loads and pollutants. surface area, providing extra habitat for microbial agents to break down pollution and nitrites in water. Used as a method of filtration in aquarium systems, I am studying the use of BioSpheres in conjunction with EnviroGrid to maximize the cleansing potential of constructed wetlands.

V. 442.4 mm3 A 254.8 mm2 A/V 0.57

Charles Creagh Fall 2013, Northeastern University

Urban Impermeability Every large American city has a dedicated manufacturing and industrial district that was created from scratch in the late 1950s and 1960s to remove industry from the central business districts and to relocate manufacturing companies to the new interstate highway system. Many of the districts, such as Newmarket in Boston, still have vital companies, but not at the density that they had at their inception and through the 1970s. The question today is what to do with these districts from an economic development and urban design standpoint.

Until recently, “post-industrial” sites were often seen as targets for mixed use residential/commercial/retail development – modeled on the mix of (non-industrial) uses that made up the traditional city. More recently, public policy has highlighted the need to preserve and attract manufacturing jobs to the city, casting these onceforgotten districts in a new light. The ghost of industry’s past is evident in areas of impervious surfaces: pavement, buildings, and infrastructure. These impervious zones are tied to the city’s industrial history and present challenges and opportunities in the redefinition of urban manufacturing.

Rachel Mutschuler Fall 2013, Northeastern University

Soil Remediation

Living Breakwater

Wind Load

Envelope Capacity

Alcoa Translations

Ozone Formation

Post industrial residue: Cut Fill Conceal Remediate.

A green line access to the waterfront is a path founded on three main phases.

These construction phases are based on improving soil quality beside the waterfront and included: 1.Excavate 2.Cover 3.New Paths. Two converting processes happens between these three stages a converting from pahse 1 to 2 and phase 2 to 3. The excavation phase considered as a stage of finding hotspots of contaminate soil and Cover it on other areas of the site.

This Coverage will be a base for Bike path and Planting so it will be clear the soil in natural way during time. The bike path also provides a green access to the waterfront and will mitigate erosion.

This three-dimensional model of surfaces formed by different orientations of breakwaters encompasses several facets of information. First, these breakwaters are formed by living oysters, meaning these structures increase in size over time based on their orientation to the water. Second, these living breakwaters are represented in three different orientations from top to bottom: attached perpendicularly to the shoreline, attached at a 45-degree angle from the shoreline (not visible in the diagrams), and detached but parallel to the shoreline. In each case, as time increases, sedimentation accumulates in bowed forms behind the breakwater. The breakwater structures as well as the sediment structures have been lofted in Rhinoceros.

As “ecosystem engineers,” oysters provide several ecosystem services. This includes influencing nutrient cycling, water filtration, biodiverity, habitat structure, and food web dynamics. Erosion control has emerged as a relatively new service: Gabions of oysters are currently being tested in the Netherlands in an attempt to preserve their eroding tidal flats - valuable and productive habitats that dissipate wave energy and protect the inland from flooding. Though breakwaters are common coastal / riparian structures, “living” breakwaters are considered more sustainable due to their added ecoservice values.

This second iteration form was derived from wind load studies imposed upon One World Trade Center. Wind loads were calculated on a floor by floor basis for each of the eight facades to generate envelope distortion.

In this derivation, wind magnitude exceeded envelope capactiy -leaving the form of the building as a void.

The complex curvature of the surface is an abstraction of the Wind Load imposed on a skyscraper. The effort coincides with a research studio analyzing tall office buildings. Specifically, One World Trade Center, the soon to be completed flagship structure of New York City’s World Trade complex, was the basis of the study. Applying theory from the Ecosystem Surface Strategies course, the facade of 1 WTC was thought of as a vertical Ecoservice Surface, a volumetric surface which dynamically interacts with its environment.

Using the highly sculptural facade of the Alcoa Building in San Francisco, this surface traces the translations of forces from the floor slab all the way to the verticals which hit the ground. Using the slab, structural tiebacks, cross bracing, horizontal beams and vertical posts as the points within seperate planes, I was able to study how the forces moved either directly or indirectly, as compression or tension, and also the heirarchies of which points absorbed most of the forces. With the resulting surface, it became easy to read which members of the structure were most integral to the building itself.

By viewing forces as I have done there is also a shift in the sense of scale, whereas this surface could be seen by some as an entire structure, almost cathedral-like, while in reality it is just the reinterpretation of one detail. While in axon it appears very complex and interwoven, from the top view it reads almost exactly as the building facade already is, minus the exaggerated thickness of the members which show amount of stress.

Ground-based Photochemical Smog is formed by pollutants baking in the sun at a given temperature with the modification of the O2 molecule to become O3.

Siavash Karbassi Fall 2013, Northeastern University

Tiana Alves Fall 2013, Northeastern University

Steven Greenberger Fall 2013, Northeastern University

Tyler Orlansky Fall 2013, Northeastern University

John Alda Fall 2013, Northeastern University

1. NO2 and SO2 present 2. Presence of UV (Sun) 3. Base temperature 23°C degrees celsius and higher 4. Existing presence of O2 (Oxygen Gas) NO2 and SO2 bake in UV rays causing them to become unstable. They release 1 oxygen atom becoming NO or SO. O2 adopts the additional oxygen atom to become O3 (ozone). The rate at which atoms are released is 482km/s. O3 is unstable and releases the oxygen back to NO or SO. None of the molecules are completely stable and this recursive process is continuos. A rise in temperature and humidity increases the formation of ozone.

PORIFERAN MORPHOLOGY

DESIGN STRATEGIES

carolina clemente

MODELING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AS URBAN SURFACES

PERFORMANCE METRICS

Poriferan Morphology

1. What are the processes critical to define your surface?

Learning from how nature solves problems, sea sponges have the inherent ability of acting as bio-remediators in high polluted areas. Through the sea-sponge dermis morphology analysis and understanding of its porosity and structural abilities, the surface has performative purposes allowing for pollution absorption and water filtering.

osculum

REMEDIATIVE MILIEU

carolina clemente

ostia

2. Can you identify specific or quantifiable outputs?

As sea sponges have the ability to filter water through absorption, while retaining up to 95 % of bacteria present in the water column. The module morphology controls water flow, as does the ostia, ensuring the absorption of microbes through the filtering of several liters of water a day.

module

porocyte

3. Are there established targets against which results can be scored?

The established target relates to the liters of water filtered per day through the “Remediative” surface. It is subject to water flow, tide and the surface location within a stream.

CONCEPT

1. The research question that underpins and motivates my project is?

How does nature remediate water pollution, while taking advantage of water flow and currents through the designed surface?

Sea Sponge Section: Mimicking the structure’s porosity, while gaining surface capacity through absorption.

2. What does the surface index?

The surface is a by-product of the synthesis of perfomative flows, seasonal water currents and time-based erosion through the designed framework. Thus serving to mitigate and enhance existent ecologies and ecosystems.

sea sponge section - mimicking the structure’s porosity, while gaining surface capacity through absorption

3. What forms of hybridity does the surface reveal?

Structural, absorbing and filtering. Serving to seed regional and local circuits through the enhancement of water quality. The module has the ability to aggregate and morph, thus facilitating successional channels of water flow throughout the cumulative remediative milieu.

Ostia: The porocyte controls water flow through ostia, and a large amount of organisms /microbes are absorbed, filtereing several liters of water a day.

Module aggregation

ostia - the porocyte controls water flow through ostia, and a large amount of organisms/ microbes are absorbed, filtering several liters of water a day

REMEDIATIVE MILIEU

carolina clemente

Emergence and Aggregation: Sponges are composed of colonies in a symbiotic relationship with each other.

Nested System Base: The structure serves an organizing milieu for the emergence and aggregation of the modules throughout the surface.

REMEDIATIVE MILIEU - MORPHOLOGICAL EMERGENCE AND PERFORMANCE

carolina clemente

Remediative Milieu: Morphological Emergence and Performance

EXTRUDE ROTATE 45 LOFT

CURVE

WATER

COLLECTION FLOOD MITIGATION REDIRECTION

SITE ASSOCIATIVE CONTENT

EXISTING TOPOGRAPHY

MODULE REGENERATIVE LANDSCAPE

constant waterWater flow Flow Constant

GENERATING ECOLOGIES

STREAM RESTORATION

LANDFORM BUILT FRAMEWORK

FILTERS

ABSORBS

GREYWATER RECYCLING VEGETAL STRATEGIES PERFORMANCE GROUND

Nutrient/Water Exchange and Filtration nutrient/water exchange and filtration

POROSITY INFILTRATION

TIDAL DYNAMICS ECOLOGICAL SUCESSION

NUTRIENT CYCLES

IMPROVING DISTURBANCE

Student Work Ecosystem Surface / Index Model Carolina Clemente Fall 2014, Northeastern University

MODIFICATION

Nutrient/Water Exchange and Filtration

nutrient/water exchange and filtration

module

Time-Based Erosion

time-based erosion

REMEDIATIVE Remedieative Milieu / Performance MILIEU - PERFORMANCE

carolina clemente

GROUNDWATER POLLUTION URBAN POLLUTION

IMPERVIOUS SURFACE RUNOFF SEWAGE INDUSTRY DEBRIS

BACTERIA BIOREMEDIATOR SEA SPONGES

ORGANIC MATTER REMOVAL OF TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON

DESIGN STRATEGIES MODELING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AS URBAN SURFACES

PERFORMANCE METRICS

1. What are the processes critical to define your surface?

The critical processes that define the surface are focused on stabilizing sand dunes, preventing beach erosion, and slowing wave velocity.

2. Can you identify specific or quantifiable outputs?

Dune stabilization is related to the height, angle, and the amount of sand of the dune itself. Dunes begin with debris that traps sand and allows for the growth of dune grass.

The more material there is to trap the sand, the more stabilized the dune is. Beach erosion can be quantified by the amount of sand depleted from a beach, typically after major storms. Wave velocity can be slowed by creating more surface area for the wave to pass over and changing the direction it moves in.

VARIED DENSITY

Modeling Transformation The engineered solutions for coastal erosion and shoreline protection have proven to be more destructive to natural ecologies and urban infrastructure than what they were designed for. The research done looks at previous dune stabilization engineering solutions, coastal ecologies and processes, and net structures to organize the deployment of a mat surface strategy and enhance primary dunes. The system uses a lattice structure that can conform or prepare terrain for enhanced deposition and seeding -providing the plants within the primary dune the necessary nutrients to survive. As coastal conditions change, the surface changes, augmenting depleted / disturbed / subverted ecosystem services.

ALLOW FOR NATURAL SAND DEPOSITION PROCESSES NEAR WATER + RIGID STRUCTURE ON DUNE

3. Are there established targets against which results can be scored?

Currently, there are various projects that attempt to stabilize dunes. These projects only focus on the dune structure itself, and not the larger systems that effect it.

CONCEPT

1. The research question that underpins and motivates my project is?

What can be done to protect coastal cities against rising water levels, and destructive storm surges?

2. What does the surface index?

This surface indicates a new way of protecting coastal developments while providing a flexible platform to allow for change.

3. What forms of hybridity does the surface reveal?

The surface has different stages, depending on the change of natural processes. It acts as a sand and dune stabilizer when initially integrated into a beach, but as storm surges push sand out of the structure, a new component is revealed to slow the wave velocity, and increase direction change. This process allows for dunes to remain stable and protect the development beyond.

MODEL PERFORMANCE

1. Define the parameters that generated the form + performance of the surface: Structure / Density / Modulation.

2. Define concurrent processes associated with the performance of the surface: Stabilization / Containment Capacity / Surface Variation.

3. Articulate each process as a series of operations: Stabilization: Define and repeat structural module.

Containment Capacity: Create scalar changes to allow for varying degrees of containment.

Surface Variation: Push + pull surface to increase surface area and direction of flows.

Student Work Ecosystem Surface / Index Model Jordan Young Fall 2014, Northeastern University

3D Print Prototype The photographs below show variations within the surface of the prototype, allowing for the use of the surface to change based on environmental factors.

Coastal Implementation A fully integrated system to stabilize sand dunes, maintain beaches, and protect against storm surges.

Varied Density Allow for natural sand deposition processes near water + rigid structure on dune.

Phase One Augment existing beach with lattice / Adaptation of prototypical module Phase Two Allow sand to naturally infill the varied pockets of the surface. Increased lattice density enables enhanced sand deposition and stability. Dunes grow as do their ecological services, such as littoral habitat, storm surge mitigation, and recreational benefit.

Phase Three Resilience: Over 41 million people live within coastal countries along the Atlantic. With the frequency of high intensity storms increasing each year, protecting these communities through resilient ecological solutions need to become a priority.

Student Work Ecosystem Surface / Index Model Jordan Young Fall 2014, Northeastern University

DESIGN STRATEGIES MODELING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AS URBAN SURFACES

Student Work Muge Undemir Fall 2014, Northeastern University

Deposit

Release

Federal Shipping Channel

Cap

Sedimenta

Thin Layer Placement

Extraction

DISTRIBUTION

Vacuum collecting sediment; pumps to provide dislodging force

Use of hose or pipe for movement for direct placement.

HYDRAULIC DREDGE

1998

HORIZONTAL TRANSPORT

Sediment transfer through pipeline, pump or hopper

2001

HOPPER

Pump directly to disposal site in slurry form

Movement of sediment to: drop into ocean, drop into CAD cell, deposit on land/distribution center.

MECHANICAL DREDGE

THIN LAYER PLACEMENT

Dislodge hard-packed material and move to surface

Placed on barge or hopper and distributed with hose in a thin layer.

Transported through barges and hoppers

NATURAL

Deposited in a hook shaped pattern; uses existing patterns of wind, waves and ocean currents to aid in distribution.

Time

Sand Engine ReDistribution

1900

1910

Time 0

5

10

15

20

Sp

Berm Creation - Demonstration Landscape Intertidal Zone High Marsh

Low Marsh

Floating Wetlands MHT (12ft) MSL MLT (-1.5ft)

Buoyant Matrix

Plants

Salt Hay slender wiry plant 1-2ft high in think mats weak stems covered periodically by tides rich habitat for crustaceans, mollusks, birds food source for ducks and sparrows

sea floor

low tide

upland

Plants Sea Lavender grows up to 2 ft branching flower stalks blooms July to October in danger due to over picking

mean sea level

Variation

2. What does the surface index?

The different uses for uncontaminated dredge, from extraction to distribution; both natural and urban distribution and its spatial implication 3. What forms of hybridity does the surface revel?

Industrial processes leveraged for ecological services

Distributive Supply

Redistribution

34,400 CY

CONCEPT

1. The research question that underpins and motivates my project?

How can we leverage the dredging process by using uncontaminated dredge for natural and urban purposes such as capping, beach nourishment, wetland remediation and creation, urban farms, gardens, planting, and distribution.

Transport

high tide

3. Are there established targets against which results can be scored?

As of right now, dredge and its uses are considered to be fairly new. There are a few projects that have recently been implemented such as the creation of the sand motor (sand engine) in Holland, salt marsh rehabilitation projects, as a cap for brownfields (i.e. in NY Habitat Area Remediation Site- a remedial cap atop an underwater mountain of the last century’s contaminated wastes), land creation, and other case studies provided by the Dredged Material Research Program. Results can maybe be scored on the amount of distribution of dredge coupled with where, how, and for what purpose.

Each of these affects the effectiveness of the dredge. Another result to compare against can be the initiatives that do not currently use dredge but can in the future. For example, wetland creation that has been created with dredge vs. without.

Brownfield Remediator

sea floor

2. Can you identify specific or quantifiable outputs?

1. Predicted Sea Level Rise 2. Tide Levels 3. How much Dredge is available for use and how much is contaminated 4. The elevation of a high and low marsh, particularly measurements in elevation for the intertidal zone

Natural Distribution

low tide

Climate Change, Sea Level Rise, and Salt Marsh Migration Sea level rise will affect coastal salt marshes as well as ocean bathymetry. With increased sea level, plants in salt marshes will need to migrate to avoid drowning and dying. Sedimentation will also increase with increased wave action closer to shore.

Climate change and the increased frequency of storms will also affect levels of dredge.

This is because with increased storms there will be increased turbidness, which will affect bathymetry and access to ships and industrial ports. In order to maintain access, dredging will have to occur on a more regular basis thereby producing more dredge for disposal and/or use

Bosto Extraction

Transport

Redistribution

mean sea level

Tidal Levels Depending on the tides will determine sedimentation, how high to build the berms, islands, or any other structure in regards to the dredge. It will also affect the design of the water-based dredge uses.

Dredge Cycle ReDistribution Continuum

high tide

PERFORMANCE METRICS

1. What are the processes critical to define your surface?

Dredge extraction and maintenance schedules are key to deciphering how much sediment is extracted, how much is contaminated, and how much is usable; when and where the dredge is being extracted; and the sediments that make up that dredge. Howe we leverage the sedimentation/dredge cycle for different processes that can, in and of themselves, reduce sedimentation through the strengthening of shorelines.

Plants Spartina intertidal wetlands 3-5ft tall rhizoidial roots restricted to low marsh intolerant to shade Salt Marsh Aster 1-2ft flowers August to October straggly plant with wide spreading branches found in salt marsh

2100 Sea Level Rise 3.33ft Rise Upward 50ft Move Upland

MHT (15ft) MSL MLT

(1.8ft)

Maverick T Sumner Tunnel Maurice Tobin Bridge Callahan Tunnel Charlestown Naval Yard Closes Big Dig Harbor Park Planning Program Harbor Park Plan Complete Mass General Research Facility Shipway Condos Renovated Ted Williams Tunnel Piers Park Completed Thomas P. O Neill Tunnel Boston Harbor Islands becomes a National Park Moakley US Courthouse Opens Union Wharf Condo Updates Aquarium Updates Long Wharf Reconnects with Business Zakim Bridge Condor Urban Wild Christopher Columbus Park Update Boston Convention Center Opens Parris Landing Condos Open Parcel 4 Condos Open Carlton Wharf Completed ICA Opens Westin Boston Opens Expansion of Children’s Hospital East Boston Greenway Completed Boston Harbor Hotel Renovated Harborview Development Rose Kennedy Greenway Opens Renaissance Boston Hotel Opens Battery Wharf Condos Open Fairmont Hotel Open Seaport Boston Hotel Renovations South Bay Harbor Trail Liberty Wharf Development Fan Pier Waterfront Pier 6 New Development LoPresti Park Complete

Boston Harbor Dredge Cycles Sedimentation & Extraction

Urban Farms/Gardens Aquaculture

Chelsea Creek Dredge 2012

Upland Habitat Creation

34,400 CY Extracted

Capping Material and Fill

29,300 CY

Beach Nourishment Marsh Revitalization

Main Shipping Channel

Marsh Construction 34,400 CY

Inner Harbor

Breakwaters

Chelsea Creek

Offshore Berms Nesting Islands Sand Engine

1998

2001

2005

2007

2012

Land Creation

2017

ment.

5,100 CY Unavailable

CAD Cell Disposal

to CAD cell, deposit on land/distri-

se in a thin layer.

patterns of wind, waves and ocean Dredge Cycle

Time

1900

1910

1920

1940

1930

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

2070

2080

2090

2100

Sea Level Rise and Increased Storm Affects on Sedimentation and Dredge

-200mm -100mm

100mm 200mm 300mm

Sea Level Rise

0

400mm 500mm

IPCC 2014

20

Spatial and Temporal Valuation Indicators

MHT (12ft) MSL MLT (-1.5ft)

Development

Transportation (Magnitude)

Water Quality

1920

1920

CSO Discharge Boston Harbor (Billion Gallions Per Year)

Maverick T Sumner Tunnel Maurice Tobin Bridge Callahan Tunnel Charlestown Naval Yard Closes Big Dig Harbor Park Planning Program Harbor Park Plan Complete Mass General Research Facility Shipway Condos Renovated Ted Williams Tunnel Piers Park Completed Thomas P. O Neill Tunnel Boston Harbor Islands becomes a National Park Moakley US Courthouse Opens Union Wharf Condo Updates Aquarium Updates Long Wharf Reconnects with Business Zakim Bridge Condor Urban Wild Christopher Columbus Park Update Boston Convention Center Opens Parris Landing Condos Open Parcel 4 Condos Open Carlton Wharf Completed ICA Opens Westin Boston Opens Expansion of Children’s Hospital East Boston Greenway Completed Boston Harbor Hotel Renovated Harborview Development Rose Kennedy Greenway Opens Renaissance Boston Hotel Opens Battery Wharf Condos Open Fairmont Hotel Open Seaport Boston Hotel Renovations South Bay Harbor Trail Liberty Wharf Development Fan Pier Waterfront Pier 6 New Development LoPresti Park Complete

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1925 1930

Clean Water Act 1972 Boston Found in Violation of CWA

1935

84 Active CSOs Discharging 3 BGY 0% Treated

1940

Sludge Discharge into Harbor from Deer and Nut Island End

1945

CSO Discharges Decrease 1.5 BGY 51% treated

1950 1955 1960

Sewage Transport Tunnel Completed Nut to Deer Island Nut Island Closes

1965

9.5 Mile Outfall to MA Bay Opens

1970

Facility Upgrade: Dorchester Bay, Prison Point, Somerville

1975

4 Chelsea CSOs Discharge Rates Red. 93%

1980 1985

.65 BGY Overflow, 73% Treated 2 Fort Point CSOs Discharge Rates Red. 100%

1990

1990

1995

1995

1 Charlestown CSO Discharge Rate Red. 86%

2000

2000

8 E. Boston CSOs Discharge Rates Red 79%

2005

2005

52 Active CSOs

2010

2010

10 Km

5 Km

1 Km

1 BGY

2 BGY

3 BGY

Student Work Ecosystem Surface / Index Model Muge Undemir Fall 2014, Northeastern University

BLA URBAN LANDSCAPE YEAR II FALL

BLA URBAN LANDSCAPE YEAR II SPRING

URBAN WILDS STUDIO BUSSEY BROOK MEADOW / ARNOLD ARBORETUM BOSTON

Urban Wilds: the first in a sequence of studios in Northeastern’s Urban Landscape Program, takes an interdisciplinary approach to the mapping and analysis of remnant ecological habitat. Vast salt marsh and meadow, pristine stream, and verdant forest once dominated the landscape of Boston. Although almost all significant portions of these original ecosystems have disappeared due to extensive human-induced manipulation of land and water, they still provide essential services for the city such as storm water filtration, storage and habitat.

Throughout the course of the semester students take several field trips where they survey, record and then represent the morphology of the terrain via topographical, successional, and occupational transformation. Students begin with a series of movement and landscape drawings at Bussey Brook Meadow, a marginal terrain, designated as an urban wild, located next to the Forest Hills T just 4 stops from Northeastern University. There they quickly realize that the bucolic nature and appearance of Bussey Brook Meadow, in comparison with the manicured esplanade and rolling lawn of Boston Common, is in fact a highly unnatural and equally contrived/designed landscape. This notion of disturbance and transformation is useful as a means of “seeing” landscape and is a seminal concept of systems analysis and contemporary landscape design.

During the Groundwork Review, the first of three critiques during the semester, students discuss landscape as a constant state of flux. They are asked to conduct site reconnaissance and investigation through hand drawing exercises with charcoal, staining, and graphite. Successful projects convey the diverse biology and temporal nature of the site as well as evoke the nature of disturbance, the relationship of topography and vegetation, and spectacle of social and ecological convergence.

In the first semester, students devise their own research agenda and retrieve artifacts, vegetation and soil samples, photographic evidence and conduct on site experiments.

This reconnaissance work is then translated via low and high tech representation techniques such as charcoal perspectives of landscape, and the use of 3D visualization and printing.

James Corner Field Operations Northeastern University 14

Samuel Packer Sustainable Urban Design Professor Michael Bradford Goetz LARC 2130 Fall 2013

Roxbury Conglomerate Soil Compostion Brookline Member

Pedogenesis Soil Evolution

Sand (Feldspathic) 34% Slit (Diamicite) 33% Clay (Argalite) 33%

Dorchester Member Sand (Sandstone) 5% Slit (Slitstone) 10% Clay (Argalite) 85%

Squantum Member Sand (Sandstone) 15% (Squantum Tillite or Slit (Diamicite) 70% Tilliad) Clay (Mudstone) 15%

Materials: Quartz: SiO2 Calcite: CaCO3 Feldspar: KAlSi3O8 Mica (biotite): K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2

Spring Coop Urban Landscape Program

PH

Oven Cleaner Sodium Hydroxide

13

Lye

12

Lime-Limestone

11

Ammonia

10

Milk of Magnesia

9

Atlantic Ocean

8

Baking Soda-Sodium Bicarbonate

7

Pure Water-H20

6

Cow’s Milk

5

Tomatoes

4

Wine and Beer

3

Apples

2

Lemon Juice

1 0

Sulphuric Acid H2SO4 Hyrdochloric Acid

PH Habitats First Responder Invasives Queen Anne’s Lace Dacus carota Japanese Knotweed Polygonum Cupisdatum Phragmites Phragmites australis

Secondery Responder Woody Plants Grey Birch Betula populifola Silver Maple Acer saccharinum Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus

COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

SUSTAINABLE URBAN SITE DESIGN

Design Process Appointed with fundamental techniques of site analysis and reconnaissance, students are tasked to traverse a vector in the landscape and survey its terrain, develop a series of diagramming and interpretive techniques, and launch ecologically grounded public works. Students navigate through diverse site conditions, engage in generative tactics (both graphic and formal), and conduct further research to augment their design process.

LARC2130 URBAN WILDS STUDIO Monday/Thursday Brad Goetz Wed. 11-2

1:35-4:30 pm Ruggles m.goetz@neu.edu Holmes 583 (Office hours)

SCHEDULE w15

mon08dec

final review 2-6pm

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Course Objectives Landscape structure and function have spatial patterns and spatial implication, which are important for ecological understanding and adaptation.

Critics: Jane Amidon: Professor/Director, Urban Landscape: Northeastern Lisa Giersbach: G design studio LLC, Instructor, Urban Landscape: Northeastern Jane Hutton: Assistant Prof. Landscape Architecture Program, Graduate School of Design

Charles River

A.

Articulate and represent spatial literacy and critical design thinking; Incorporate research to develop your design as an iterative design process, and design as a means to further your research; Demonstrate representation not only to illustrate existing conditions or communicate design intent, but more importantly, draw (use representation) as a means to interpret causal relationships.

B.

Work with three dimensional modeling and orthographic projection: plan, section, and elevation; Apply methods of recording and representing topography, socio-ecological processes, and atmospheric phenomena; Proficiently use digital media software such as: AutoCad, Rhino, and Adobe Illustrator, and hand drawing techniques such as: line, value, shade, texture, mass, form, depth, and gesture.

C.

Recognize landscape as a series of patterns, adaptations, processes, and durations. Apply the basic principals and typologies of urban public landscapes, and address complex ecological and social forces that constitute and affect urban landscapes.

Boston Common

The Meadow Commonwealth Mall Riverway

North Woods

Back Bay Fens

Bussey Hill

Olmstead Park

Forest Hills Station

Jamaica Pond Central Woods Bussey Brook Meadow Arnold Arboretum

Hemlock Hill

Franklin Park

Weld Hill Peters Hill Forest Hills Cemetary

Arnold Arboretum

Emerald Necklace

Focuses on site planning and design with an emphasis on parks and open-space systems in the adaptive reuse of urban sites. Projects focus on the creation and cultivation of public space, transformation of site conditions, and development of sustainable site materials. Emphasizes site analysis, development of an individual design process, and design communication strategies. This studio course introduces students to urban design precedents, site research, and remediation methods through case studies, lectures, site visits, and workshops.

Arboreta and the Urban Wild Conceived as a collection of trees cultivated for their scientific interest, arboreta are often remnants of natural landscapes and embody a confluence of urban morphological attributes, ecological processes, and horticultural practices. Plant management regimes seesaw between preservation and adaptation -yielding various levels of intervention and stages of succession. Where urban meets landscape, presumed disturbed fragments of unmanaged, marginal, or abandoned lands shelter patches of habitat, weeds commingle with ornamentals, and both exist in a constant state of flux.

Arnold Arboretum and Bussey Brook Meadow Positioned within Arnold Arboretum, Sustainable Urban Site Design introduces students to the metrics and mapping of urban landscape, as a means to connect ecological processes and ecosystem function with landscape structural patterns. The studio emphasizes the discovery and investigation of spatiotemporal patterns, concomitant socioeconomic and ecological processes, and the relationship between the two via the ground plane. Landscape structure and function have spatial patterns and spatial implication, which are important for ecological understanding and designed adaptation.

Recording and Representing Agile Territories Just as the magnitude of landscape can change, so too will the size, extent, dimension, and bounds of the course. The studio addresses methods of traversing the terrain, survey, and triangulation; transecting and sectioning; pattern documentation and visualization; and digital modeling as a means to read and see landscape as a sequence of transformations, and a chance to design Change.

Urban Landscape

1

Urban Landscape

2

School of Architecture Northeastern University

URBAN NATURES

MEDIA / THE VOCABULARY OF MARK MAKING

School of Architecture Northeastern University

THE LANGUAGE OF LANDSCAPE

RECORDING AND REPRESENTING AGILE TERRITORIES MEMORY PERSPECTIVE, DEEP/SEQUENTIAL SECTION, MEDIA STUDIES

Due:

mon27oct thu06nov mon17nov

Media Studies A/B Memory Perpective, Media Study C Deep/Sequential Section

Drawing enables one to “see” landscape as a sequential episode; to observe and express inherent relationships and processes of transformation. The memory perspective, and deep section compliments your transect survey, photographs, and models as a mode of analysis, and means to represent urban natures. You will develop a visual and manual acuity for drawing space, movement, objects and conditions. Focus on the syntax of drawing: line modulation, texture, shading, contour, and structure. The Memory Perspective and Deep Section are equal parts analysis and phenomena drawing.

Your objective this semester is to integrate various media and methods of representation to express design intent: through phenomena drawing, sectional elevations (the deep section), sequential sections, parametric modeling and model making.

* *

DRAWING BY HAND Drawing by hand allows for a diversity and depth of representation. The craft as well as creative ability and rigor required to execute manual representation is integral to a student’s capacity to understand landscape.

Media will explore drawing as a way of understanding and mediating that which we see and experience in the landscape. Through various drawing techniques and mediums we will address drawing not only as a means of representation, but as a tool for “seeing” and revealing applied to space, movement, objects, and conditions. Specifically, we will focus on observed phenomena, exploring working methods to edit and communicate these qualities in our drawn iterations of landscape space. Media is for you to develop a visual vocabulary that can be integrated and expanded throughout the semester.

The Memory Perspective, Deep/Sequential Section, and Media Studies should attain an appropriate level of movement, texture, chiaroscuro, episodes of detail, abstraction, and line modulation.

LINE, VALUE, TEXTURE: INTRODUCTION OF MEDIA AND TOOLS, TECHNIQUES AND EFFECTS We will experiment with various mediums and materials and the variations in line and mark they produce. By using only “marks” to aid in the creation of depth, atmosphere, and specificity you will reveal the unique qualities of a particular place, as well as your individual vision of the surroundings.

METHOD PAPER GRAPHITE CHARCOAL ERASER

Contour, gesture, texture, space, line, tone, value Types, water color, sheet module and tearing Sticks, bars, pencils, hard (H) vs. soft (B) Vine, compressed, smudging White, stick and techniques

*

Modulated Linework One of the most important techniques in drawing movement and landscape. (organic and emergent properties) Chiaroscuro (High Contrast) Evokes drama and emotion, which equals depth.

Line Density From crisp section construction lines registering slope, to sequences of vectors representing flow. These are always drawn with a straight edge.

Layers Light preliminary sketching, construction linework, drawing with line modulation and detail, texture via mark making, erasure to highlight, shading... Repeat. Only after numerous layers will your drawing and the essence of place emerge.

Rigor and Craft Understand and implement various marks. Know the difference between a measured line, a modulated line, movement/change, textural marks, and tone.

TECHNIQUE / LINE MODULATION The modulation of line is a powerful and efficient means of expression in drawing. By varying pressure, width, rhythm or smoothness, one line can be made to express volume, texture, structure, and shadow at the very least.

Bold Strokes They evoke a wild, highly dynamic yet measured representation of complex processes: energy, flow, and change.

TECHNIQUE / CRISP LINES Twisting/Rotation of Graphite Pencils to maintain a crisp line

They evoke the messy essence of landscape; its organic decomposition, soil sedimentation, remediation, seeding, carbon sequestration, photosynthesis, succession, the birth and death of biota (the animals, plants, fungi, etc., of a region or period). Don’t be afraid, this is your time to experiment with representation. Your memory of place manifests on the page via the energy and restraint of your strokes.

TECHNIQUE / TEXTURE Explore the inherent texture of surfaces and forms and how these materials meet each other. Draw transitions: soft to hard, hard to hard, and soft to soft. For each textural surface or form, attempt to capture the feeling of the material, its quality and texture; is it hard or soft, smooth or rough, reflective or dull, dry or wet? Don’t draw the surface, rather create it by using marks that best describe its properties.

Use both charcoal and graphite as well as erasures, scratches, rhythms or staccato marks, frottage, and smudging.

Measured/Construction Lines These illustrate the construction process (your analysis of form and the rigor and craft with which

you represent form).

Marks & Texture Landscapes are not collections of objects. We do not draw objects, we use a vocabulary of layered marks to depict surface type and texture, and spatial transformation and depth.

TECHNIQUE / VALUE Values are the range from dark to light, from white to black, and can be expressed with using tone, density of line, or texture. This can be achieved by varying the medium (such as using the full range of graphite pencils 6B-6H), or with pressure, texture, and density.

Balance Balance light with dark, detail with abstraction, and take the time to step back and review the overall composition. What do you want to portray?

Editing Draw what is important in the landscape. Some surfaces will become abstract patterns, while some elements or moments are clearly depicted with detail. The range of abstraction depends upon your focus for the composition.

Urban Landscape

1

Urban Landscape

2

COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

*

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Landscape is messy Look to aspects of nature; analyze the armature of trees and the veins and ridges of leaves. Look to vegetation and its hierarchy (high,mid,low canopy, understory, shrub, herbaceous); ecologies of scrub, meadow, beach, dunes; various scale of growth and transformation: seedlings, urban decay, rocks, boulders, wetness/dryness, puddling, texture, shade and shadow, open expanse, and enclosure, the differences in tree structure, form, and texture.

1A. MEDIA STUDY CHARCOAL: TONE / VALUE / INTENSITY DRAWING MASS, FORM, LIGHT, SHADOW, ATMOSPHERE

On one sheet of Arches Bright White Watercolor Paper (Hot Press 22” × 30” 140 lb), choose a view that has depth or quality of layered space, interesting textures, and atmospheric lighting. For this iteration, with various types of charcoal, draw mass with attention to value, shade, volume, depth, and gesture. (Chiaroscuro, volume, shade, positive negative space, gesture) Pay close attention to the interactions of light and dark that make mass visible.

Chiaroscuro is a valuable method using strong contrasts between light and dark which create bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. Are the transitions between light and dark abrupt or gradual? How does the texture of the surface affect this? Avoid depending upon line; try to use a vocabulary of value, this will help you in your representation of landscape.

1B. MEDIA STUDY: GRAPHITE LINE DRAWING LINE MODULATION, DENSITY, TEXTURES, AND LAYERED SURFACES

On one sheet of Vellum (approximately 22” x 30”), and with the same view, draw landscape structure with attention to depth, horizon, and layers of space: ground, foreground, middle ground, background. Begin by drawing in the structure lightly and then add layers of information. Notice light, shadow, texture, and movement. Begin by placing the horizon line, then add the vertical elements of the space, being attentive to how these lines meet the ground plane. Use the point as well as the edges of your graphite. Pay attention to the quality of your marks. The modulation or varying thickness of each line can begin to imply volume, light, shadow, texture.

1C. MEDIA STUDY STAIN + GRAPHITE PLAN: MOTION / FLOW / TRANSFORMATION

One sheet of Arches Bright White Watercolor Paper (Hot Press 22” × 30” 140 lb, and one sheet of Vellum. In plan, use line modulation, density, textures, shade, and stain (ratios of water + India Ink dillution in sepia and black) to portray movement and time.currents and traces of flow. Find a method to record/imply hydrological, biota, and urban/human transformation over time and space. Experiment with line weight, line density, smudging, erasing or other techniques to express motion and space together. Use your eraser as a drawing tool. Once you find a technique that works, allow it to develop.

(Additional Handouts to Follow on Form, Stain Technique, and the Vellum Print) The marks you make are important- as in the way you reflect the dynamic aspects of landscape on the page. Texture plays a key role. You are not drawing objects or leaves- but space, surface, and pattern. Use your eraser, and the many different types of media: coal, lead, inks, stains, and your strokes to vary your marks. Portray the urban landscape and its essence with marks. When you see a tree canopy, don’t draw individual leaves. What you see is light and dark, black and white, grey, movement, shifting textures, and energy. This should be visible in the drawings. Use different types of paper, from newsprint to large watercolor paper and everything in between- the materiality of the paper; its texture, tone, thickness, and durability is equally important when mixing media. You will photograph or scan your best work and include them in your portfolio. Title them and organize them in a sequence that tells a narrative. Remember labels are your opportunity to direct your audience and their understanding of your process.

Urban Landscape

3

Urban Landscape

4

School of Architecture Northeastern University

2. MEMORY DRAWING PERSPECTIVE AND ATMOSPHERIC QUALITIES (RE-FRAME TEMPORAL QUALITIES OF SPACE)

School of Architecture Northeastern University

LARC2130 SUSTAINABLE URBAN SITE DESIGN

A. Line Modulation / Denisty B. Tone / Value / Intensity C. Textures

MODELING CONCEPTS ONE

Attach 2 sheets of watercolor paper together, portrait or landscape orientation. Memory drawings are drawings depicting qualities of the site that retain in your memory: conditions and elements that you remember and can enhance. Using the 3 previous exercises as information and for reference, you will draw the site and enhance it. Be structurally accurate as possible, but recall the atmospheric qualities that were striking to you such as the light, the haze, the feeling of enclosure or exposure, sense of mass, sense of texture, wet or dry conditions, or memory of movement, or environmental forces such as the wind or noise. This drawing should recall and emphasize what makes this space compelling. MEMORY PERSEPCTIVE In Architecture the depiction of space relies on the accurate representation of objects. In Landscape, we represent complexity, the inherent dynamic of a landscape, its elements, and the very nature of ecology, which is fundamentally about understanding the set of ongoing relationships between organisms and their environment and less about understanding discrete elements in isolation.

You’ve begun to survey your transect through section and triangulation. Now document its spatial qualities via the concepts listed below -used to describe its structure and organization. Rigorously integrate new materials, with craft, to convey the landscape’s spatial qualities.

Landscape representation is not a realistic exactitude. Images geared to design intent rather than be “realistic.” By embracing inexactness and even abstraction in visual rendering, landscape’s inherent qualities and potential can be more fully explored and expressed. Abstraction and Indeterminacy may be the most effective means of synthesizing the totality of landscape.

REMEMBER To Experiment!

To Impart a visceral sense to site and project.

To produce informationally complex yet visually clear concepts in an attempt to convey clarity despite complexity.

TO CONSIDER Texture Weather Multi-Scalarity Hydrodynamic Processes: Deposition and Scour, Sedimentation and Erosion, Water Velocity, Tidal Fluctuation Varying degrees of Impermanence Gradients, Fluidity and the Invisible Thresholds/Blurred Boundaries and Connections Ephemeral Boundaries Time, Transformation Phasing, Incrimination, Evolution Thickened Surface: Above and Below Grade Forces Sensual and Tactile Qualities of Landscape Beauty, Pleasure, Performance Function Atmosphere, Mood, Passion Actors: At eye level represent the aspirations of the project’s use and how to negotiate space

Urban Landscape

As you model, think of your transect as a set of actions, transformations, and resultant form. During your survey you’ve documented patterns (triangulation) and topography (sequential section). The main point of the site survey and topography model is to understand with specificity your transect and the systems, processes, and socio-ecological flows that inform and effect the landscape.

Concepts 1. Density 2. Height 3. Sequence 3. Texture 4. Orientation 5. Flow 6. Materiality 7. Layers Material Options: Spray Paint, Dried Flowers, Pins, Framing Nails, Wire, Latex, Thread, Panty Hose, Fabric, Paper Strips, Paint Brush, Wire Mesh, Found Objects. Keep the material used ambiguous and simple in color.

Scaled Figures

6

Urban Landscape

1

School of Architecture Northeastern University

URBAN NATURES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

WETLAND 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

School of Architecture Northeastern University

FORESTED SLOPE / MIX HARDWOOD FOREST 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

School of Architecture Northeastern University

FORESTED SLOPE / MIX HARDWOOD FOREST 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

FORESTED SLOPE / MIX HARDWOOD FOREST 1/16”=1’

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Tree Armature

FORESTED SLOPE / MIX HARDWOOD FOREST 1/16”=1’

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Tree Armature

RECORDING AND REPRESENTING AGILE TERRITORIES THE DEEP/SEQUENTIAL SECTION: TREE STRUCTURE AND SPECIES SPECIFICITY AS A REGISTER (AN EFFECT) OF ITS GROUND CONDITION

Chestnut

The section is a design construct which allows the observation of the relationships between elevation, material, and their effect on the spatial qualities of a chosen place. Eventually this understanding becomes the basis for precise manipulation of the landscape. Your transect contains numerous tree species. A tree’s structure is a register of its unique species, its location and position amongst other vegetation, its reaction to the ground condition, and to disturbance.

Ask yourself Is the tree single or multi-stemmed?

Is the canopy high or low, and is there understory vegetation or just ground cover?

Is the tree young, old, dying, dead?

Is the tree isolated or in a drift?

Is the trunk smooth or gnarled, bent or straight, and are the roots exposed?

Yew

Shagbark Hickory

Download the “Drawing Trees” file on Blackboard Take note of of the following topics to implement in your Media and Deep/Sequential Section 1. The Tree Skeleton 2. Tree Foliage 3. Boughs and Branches 4. Drawing Techniques: Pencil/Crayon/Charcoal

Ash 23

Urban Landscape

Amur Cork Tree

Black Cherry 3

Urban Landscape

Black Oak

Gray Birch 4

Urban Landscape

Hawthorn

Norway Maple 5

Urban Landscape

6

Urban Landscape

5. The Oaks 6. The Elm 7. The Birch

FORESTED SLOPE / MIX HARDWOOD FOREST 1/16”=1’

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Tree Armature

School of Architecture Northeastern University

FIELD 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

School of Architecture Northeastern University

FIELD 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

School of Architecture Northeastern University

FIELD 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

School of Architecture Northeastern University

FIELD 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

8. The Evergreens 9. The Willow 10. The Maples 11. The Sycamore 12. The Dogwood 13. Roots, Stumps, Dead Trees 14. Foreground, Middle Distance, Distance 15. Trees in Landscape: Mist and Fog; Snow; Rain; Water; Black Maple

16. The Fallen Tree 17. The Ground Under Trees

Botanical Survey of Bussey Brook Meadow, Arboretum Park Conservancy, 2005.

How to Draw Trees, Pitz, Henry, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1972.

Trees of North America and Europe, Phillips, Roger, Random House, New York, 1978.

Red Oak

1

Urban Landscape

URBAN WILD TREE SPECIES LIST + SCALED SILHOUETTES *=non-native invasive species

Black Walnut 7

Urban Landscape

School of Architecture Northeastern University FIELD 1/16”=1’

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Tree Armature

Pine 8

Urban Landscape

School of Architecture Northeastern University

FIELD 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

School of Architecture Northeastern University

FIELD 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

Cottonwood 10

Urban Landscape

School of Architecture Northeastern University

FIELD 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

11

Urban Landscape

School of Architecture Northeastern University

MESA 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

^=non-native species

SCIENTIFIC NAME

COMMON NAME

NATURAL COMMUNITY

Abies sp.

Acer ginala^ Acer negundo Acer platanoides* Acer rubrum Acer saccharinum Aesculus hippocastanum^ Ailanthus altissima* Alnus glutinosa^ Alnus incana Betula lenta Betula nigra Betula papyrifera Betula populifolia Carya ovata Catalpa speciosa Cercidiphyllum japonicum^ Cornus amomum Cornus racemosa Crataegus sp.

Eleagnus umbellata* Fagus grandifolia Fagus sylvatica ‘purpurea’^ Frangula alnus* Fraxinus americana Fraxinus chinensis^ Gleditsia triacanthos Halesia carolina^ Juglans nigra Malus sp.^ Morus alba^ Ostrya japonica^ Paulownia tomentosa* Phellodendron amurense* Philadelphus inodorus^ Picea spp Pinus nigra^ Pinus strobus Populus alba^ Populus deltoides Populus souveolens^ Populus tremuloides Prunus serotina Prunus virginiana Pyrus ussuriensis^ Quercus alba Quercus coccinea Quercus rubra Quercus velutina Rhamnus cathartica* Robinia pseudoacacia* Salix x pendulina^ Sorbus alnifolia^ Sorbus aucuparia^ Taxus sp.

Tilia americana Tsuga canadensis Ulmus americana Ulmus procera^

Fir Siberian maple box-elder Norway maple red maple silver maple horse chestnut tree of heaven black alder speckled alder sweet birch river birch paper birch gray birch shagbark hickory northern catalpa katsura tree silky dogwood panicled dogwood hawthorn autumn olive American beech copper beech glossy buckthorn white ash Chinese ash honey-locust Carolina silverbell black walnut crab apple white mulberry Japanese hornbeam princess tree Amur cork tree mock-orange spruce Austrian pine eastern white pine white poplar cottonwood German poplar quaking aspen black cherry choke cherry Siberian wild pear white oak scarlet oak red oak black oak common buckthorn black locust weeping willow Korean mountain-ash European mountain-ash yew American basswood eastern hemlock American elm English elm

mesa mesa mesa forested slope, mixed hdwd frst mixed hardwood forest wetland field, wetland forested slope, mixed hdwd frst field field, wetland mixed hardwood forest field field forested slope forested slope, mixed hrdwd frst mesa mesa wetland field frstd slope, mesa, mxd hrdwd frst field mixed hardwood forest mesa wetland, mixed hardwood forest mesa mesa mesa mixed hardwood forest field wetland, forested slope mesa mesa mesa mesa, mixed hardwood forest mesa mesa field mixed hardwood forest field, mesa field field field, mesa field, mixed hardwood forest field mesa, mixed hardwood forest mixed hardwood forest mixed hardwood forest mixed hardwood forest forested slope, mixed hdwd frst mixed hardwood forest field, mesa wetland mesa, mixed hardwood forest mixed hardwood forest mixed hardwood forest mixed hardwood forest mixed hardwood forest forested slope, mesa mesa

Box Elder

River Birch

Pine 12

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MESA 1/16”=1’

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Tree Armature

Urban Landscape

MESA 1/16”=1’

Pine

Austrian Pine 13

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Tree Armature

Spruce

Black Locust 14

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

MESA 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

White Mulberry

Linden 15

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

MESA 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

WETLAND 1/16”=1’ Tree Armature

Crab Apple

White Ash American Aspen

Katsura

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Poplar 9

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2

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17

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Silver Maple

Honey Locust 19

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

8.Section Cuts with Construction Lines 7. Section Construction Sequence:

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Construct Section Four (Remember to be on the 04_Section Construction Layer).

Construct Section Three (Remember to be on the 03_Section Construction Layer).

4. In the Properties Menu: Select the First and Last Construction Line and Change it to the Layer Created in Step 3, and Join (three segments into one open curve).

3. On a New Layer Connect/Draw the Section

1. Section Cut Line: Recreate the Topography with Construction Lines Taken at the Beginning, End, and at Every Contour Intersection.

2. Draw Vertical Construction Lines Up From Section Cut (with its length equal to the value of the contour or an estimate if between contours).

4. In the Properties Menu: Select the First and Last Construction Line and Change it to the Layer Created in Step 3, and Join (three segments into one open curve).

3. On a New Layer Connect/Draw the Section

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2. Draw Vertical Construction Lines Up From Section Cut (with its length equal to the value of the contour or an estimate if between contours).

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1. Section Cut Line: Recreate the Topography with Construction Lines Taken at the Beginning, End, and at Every Contour Intersection.

4. In the Properties Menu: Select the First and Last Construction Line and Change it to the Layer Created in Step 3, and Join (three segments into one open curve).

3. On a New Layer Connect/Draw the Section

4. In the Properties Menu: Select the First and Last Construction Line and Change it to the Layer Created in Step 3, and Join (three segments into one open curve).

3. On a New Layer Connect/Draw the Section

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2. Draw Vertical Construction Lines Up From Section Cut (with its length equal to the value of the contour or an estimate if between contours).

1. Section Cut Line: Recreate the Topography with Construction Lines Taken at the Beginning, End, and at Every Contour Intersection.

6. Section Construction Sequence:

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Construct Section Two (Remember to be on the 02_Section Construction Layer).

4. In the Properties Menu: Select the First and Last Construction Line and Change it to the Layer Created in Step 3, and Join (three segments into one open curve).

3. On a New Layer Connect/Draw the Section

2. Draw Vertical Construction Lines Up From Section Cut (with its length equal to the value of the contour or an estimate if between contours).

4. In the Properties Menu: Select the First and Last Construction Line and Change it to the Layer Created in Step 3, and Join (three segments into one open curve).

3. On a New Layer Connect/Draw the Section

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2. Draw Vertical Construction Lines Up From Section Cut (with its length equal to the value of the contour or an estimate if between contours).

1. Section Cut Line: Recreate the Topography with Construction Lines Taken at the Beginning, End, and at Every Contour Intersection.

5. Section Construction Sequence:

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Construct Section One (Remember to be on the 01_Section Construction Layer).

4. In the Properties Menu: Select the First and Last Construction Line and Change it to the Layer Created in Step 3, and Join (three segments into one open curve).

3. On a New Layer Connect/Draw the Section

2. Draw Vertical Construction Lines Up From Section Cut (with its length equal to the value of the contour or an estimate if between contours).

1. Section Cut Line: Recreate the Topography with Construction Lines Taken at the Beginning, End, and at Every Contour Intersection.

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1. Section Construction Sequence:

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1. Section Cut Line: Recreate the Topography with Construction Lines Taken at the Beginning, End, and at Every Contour Intersection.

2. Section Construction Sequence:

Construct Section Five (Remember to be on the 05_Section Construction Layer).

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2. Draw Vertical Construction Lines Up From Section Cut (with its length equal to the value of the contour or an estimate if between contours).

Construct Section Six (Remember to be on the 06_Section Construction Layer).

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STEP FOUR: SECTIONING STEP FOUR: SECTIONING

6. Rotate Finish

Once you’ve finished laying out all of your sheets in the Right/Left View: In the Perspective View Rotate 3D the sheets 90 degrees, and then, Rotate (no need to Rotate 3D) the boards another 90 degrees as shown.

5-8 Sheets of 30” x 40” Corrugated Cardboard (divided into four boards per sheet)

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FRONT OR SIDE VIEW

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@ 1/8” thick = .125”

Now that you know the quantity of sections it will take to span 31.25” as well as the command in Rhino (Contour), you’ll need the distance between sequential sections to finish the command. To do this:

To be efficient with the 1/8” Corrugated Cardboard Sheets (30 x 40”in size) divide the sheet into four: two boards @ 20 x 17.75 and two boards @ 20 x 12.25. *Please Note that the model should be scaled to 12.5 feet in width by 31.25. Create a new layer for the boards, and draw them (also in feet) as shown.

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If you are unable to cut all of your boards during a session you may continue cutting into the next session unless another student is waiting. In this case you may schedule another session later in the day if one is available.

Divide the real length (500’) by the quantity of sections you need 250.

Board B

Make sure your pieces are on the correct layer and are the correct color. (The Cut Layer is Red).

Board A

*NOTE! Notice the placement of the carboard and its position within the laser. Then make sure the placement of your cuts fit within that area, but not outside the template margin. Your work must fit inside the NEU TEMPLATE MARGIN (the dashed magenta line)

500/250 = 2, or 2 feet per section.

*NOTE! With the Contour Command, make sure to CHECK THE JOIN CURVES, and Choose POLYSURFACE when taking sequential sections. You want the setions to be joined so that they can easily be selected and moved to your boards.

Keep track of those students that no-show to their appointment in the 3 Strikes binder.

Board A

3. Next, Copy out roughly 20-30 Laser Templates (4 x the number of sheets) in an organized fashion. Then, copy with Base Point, one board at a time, the sections, so that they fit nicely within the NEU Laser Templates

Those students scheduled to cut who miss their appointment and do not cancel within 4 hours of their session will be documented. Each student is allowed two offenses per semester. On the 3rd offense that student will be banned from the laser cutter for the duration of the semester.

The 3 Strike Policy is in place to dissuade those students who intentionally or unintentionally monopolize or abuse the online sign-up system. Students who need additional time or those who were unable to schedule appoints should monitor the schedule to catch newly available slots.

As a reminder: Only Laser Monitors are allowed to use the laser cutter. Any student caught using the laser cutter without a Laser Monitor will be banned for the school year. Any monitor who allows students to freely cut will also be dismissed and banned from the laser cutter for the school year.

ACCEPTABLE MATERIALS Cut boards down to 17 3/4” x 23 3/4” so that they fit easily within the laser bed. (Boards may not exceed the Laser Bed Dimensions of 18” x 24”) {Blick can cut them for you at the time of purchase for an additional fee} Materials will warp if they sit out so keep them flat underneath heavy objects. Warped boards prevent the laser from cutting through the material accurately.

NEU Template

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Save your laser file to a USB FLASH DRIVE and bring it with you to your cut session along with your precut 17 3/4” x 23 3/4” boards and masking tape.

Perspective View CORRECT

Board B

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RIGHT OR LEFT VIEW Select Each Section individually in the Top View.

Keep Sections in Order and move to your placeholder templates via the Right/Left View.

Rotate 90 Degrees and Create A New Layer per Section (01_Section Construction, 02_Section Construction, 03..)

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The schedule will be open for appointments twice a week on MONDAYS and THURSDAYS at 9:30AM.

THE 3 STRIKE POLICY

3.

31.25/.125 = 250

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Students may schedule appointments via Supersass. (A link to Supersass may be found on the school website, bookmark this link to view future available slots)

= RED = GREEN = BLUE = YELLOW = MAGENTA

PLEASE USE POLYLINES As the model is scaled down in length from 500’ to 31.25” to find out how many sections you need, divide 31.25 by .125

RIGHT OR LEFT VIEW

TOP VIEW (Select the Section Via Top View)

CUT SCORE SCORE-LIGHT RASTER ARTBOARD

2 Boards: 20” x 17.75” 2 Boards: 20” x 12.25”

3. Select the Scaled Sections, and Zoom>Selected in the Top and Right or Left Views. Use the Top and Right/Left View to move each scaled down section to your placeholder Laser Cutter Template.

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SIGN UP

2. Open the file in AutoCad, and open the NEU Laser Template.

Copy and paste your sheets and section cuts into the Laser Template. DO NOT USE YOUR OWN FILE. The Sheets and Section Cuts should be scaled correctly and now be in inches.

Your sequential sections should roughly take 8+ sheets of corrugated cardboard

(This will be the correct scale)

Start

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LASER CUTTER GENERAL INFORMATION

1. In the Top View: Select the Sheets and Section Cuts and go to File>Export Selected>Choose as a .DWG file

STEP FIVE: EXPORT

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5. Take Additional Sections

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

1.

2. Scale the Model: Using A Reference Line (From 500’ in Length to 31.25’)

*NOTE! With the Contour Command, make sure to CHECK THE JOIN CURVES, and Choose POLYSURFACE when taking sequential sections. You want the sections to be joined so that they can easily be selected and moved to your boards.

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STEP FIVE: EXPORT

1. Contour Command: Cut Sequential Sections Every 2’

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Acceptable Materials Chipboard: Chipboard: Bainbridge: Museum Board: 1/16” Cardboard: Basswood: Basswood:

Board A INCORRECT Each Sheet will have 4 boards. Laser Cutter Boards must fit within the 18 x 24” bed, but can be smaller.

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5. Loft (Straight Sections Style) Next, select the lofted surface and ‘use the ‘Cap’ command to close the Surface

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4. Trim Context

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Construct Section One (Remember to be on the 01_Section Construction Layer).

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In the AutoCad Properties Menu, change your layers to the correct NEU Laser Template layers: Cut, Score, ScoreLight, Raster, or Art board with associated color per layer!

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Select all the boards, but use one to scale them all. Either with Reference Points or, as you know the desired dimensions, reference one board’s length and input the desired length (from 3600’ to 18”)

Layers:

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4. Trim and Join, Each becomes a Closed Polyline

3. Select and Raise All Section Cut Lines 98.6

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Scaling in AutoCad is simple:

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Multiply 18 x 200 = 3600 Multiply 24 x 200 = 4800 This will produce a rectangle that is 3600’ x 4800’ in model space. Any portion of your drawing that fits into this rectangle will be at 1:200 scale. Once you’ve compiled your draft art boards, copy them to the NEU Laser Template and scale down to 18” x 24”

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Another example: At 1:200 scale:

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Multiply 18 x 4 = 72 Multiply 24 x 4 = 96 This will produce a rectangle that is 72’ x 96’ in model space. Any portion of your drawing that fits into this rectangle will be at 1/4” scale. Once you’ve compiled your draft art boards, copy them to the NEU Laser Template and scale down to 18” x 24”

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4. In the Properties Menu: Select the First and Last Construction Line and Change it to the Layer Created in Step 3, and Join (three segments into one open curve).

When planning for a laser cut model, you know its pieces must fit within the Laser Cutter’s bed and therefore you must choose an appropriate scale. In Model Space use the Laser Cutter Bed size of 18” x 24” and multiply 18 and 24 by the scale you desire.

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3. On a New Layer Connect/Draw the Section

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1. Section Cut Line: Recreate the Topography with Construction Lines Taken at the Beginning, End, and at Every Contour Intersection.

The provided art board represents your 18” x 24” trimmed material. Copy and paste this as many times as needed within the laser template file. The laser does not cut, score, or burn on this layer.

3. Section Construction Sequence:

Place solid fills or gray scaled images in this layer to imprint the material. The laser burns the surface of the material.

Magenta.......Art Board

Only AutoCAD files are accepted. Students should only copy and paste line work that needs to be cut into the NEU Laser Template. Scale work to fit within the limits of the laser bed to both conserve material and ensure that your drawing is not truncated (cut off because it doesn’t fit within the artboards dashed margin, and/or is not scaled correctly).

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4. Section Construction Sequence:

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Place line work in this layer to apply a finer grain surface detail line work or to aid with creases and folds. The laser will not penetrate the material.

Yellow...........Raster Image

2. Snap Endpoints: ReAlign New Sections With Associated Section Cut Lines

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Blue..............Lighter Score

2. Draw Vertical Construction Lines Up From Section Cut (with its length equal to the value of the contour or an estimate if between contours).

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Place line work in this layer to apply surface detail line work. The laser will not penetrate the material.

For example: At a 1/4” = 1’ scale:

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Place line work in this layer if you want to cut through the material.

Green............Score

STEP THREE: SURFACE

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Red...............Cut

Note: A very simple way to do this is to draw a rectangle in model space that translates the size of the laser bed to the scale you desire.

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

STEP THREE: SURFACE 1. Select All New Sections and Rotate 3D

LASER FILE SET UP AND SCALING YOUR LINE WORK

3. Vector Offset (100’) 102.1

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USE ONLY NEU TEMPLATE LAYERS (Each layer corresponds with a laser operation)

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All line work must fit within the Art Board and its 1/4” Margin. Use the OVERKILL Command in AutoCad to delete any double lines, as the laser cutter will cut them twice.

2. Expanded Vector (500’ x 200’)

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1. Section Cut Line: Recreate the Topography with Construction Lines Taken at the Beginning, End, and at Every Contour Intersection.

Keep line work as joined POLYLINES with a 0.0 mm thickness. Why? The laser stops and starts at the beginning and end of a line segment and ONLY PRINTS 0.0 mm lines.

TOPOGRAPHY MODEL STEP ONE: TRANSECT EVOLUTION STEP ONE: TRANSECT EVOLUTION 102.1

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Downloaded from the school website at http://www.northeastern.edu/camd/architecture/academics/resources/facilities/laser-cutter/

SCALE / SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS PATTERNS OF PROCESS / CARTOGRAPHY / LAYERS TECHNIQUE / FABRICATION TOPOGRAPHY / LANDFORM / PERFORMANCE / MOVEMENT MODULATION / REGISTRATION / BOUNDARY / THRESHOLD

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Only use the NEU_LASER TEMPLATE.DWG and convert Rhino etc. line work to AutoCad. Download a copy of the template, copy as many artboards as needed in model space, and then copy > paste your linework into the NEU_LASER TEMPLATE. Rename the file: Your Name_NEU_LASER TEMPLATE.

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Construct Section Seven (Remember to be on the 07_Section Construction Layer).

AUTOCAD FILES ONLY / NEU_LASER TEMPLATE.DWG ONLY

TRAVERSING THE TERRAIN

1. Existing Vector

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Section Construction Sequence:

LARC2130 SUSTAINABLE URBAN SITE DESIGN TRIANGULATION SURVEY SECTIONING SEQUENTIAL SECTION LINE

School of Architecture Northeastern University

STEP TWO: LONG SECTIONS STEP TWO: LONG SECTIONS

LASER CUTTER GENERAL INFORMATION CONTINUED

Turn Off All Layers Except for your New Sections and Section Cut Lines

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

NEU Template Margin

Always think of ways to efficiently organize your pieces to maximize the use of your material. Because of the width of the model, this is the most efficient layout of your pieces.

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1/32” 1/16” 1/16”

Prohibited Materials Foamcore Plexiglass Acrylic

Why? The toxic fumes...

1/8” 1/16” 1/8”

*Bring masking tape to your session as pieces will fall out from the board once cut!

Board B

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*NOTE! When laser cutting you MUST COPY AND PASTE your work into the NEU LASER TEMPLATE. The template has print preferences, and drivers associated with it that the Laser Monitor will need.

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University TRIANGULATION

School of Architecture Northeastern University

TOPOGRAPHY MODEL TWO: RECONFIGURED BOUNDARY WITH ARTICULATED SECTIONS

The Triangulation (its point and line orientation and density) register spatial aspects of your transect such as nodes, thresholds, patterns of vegetation, changes in materiality, instances of flow and disturbance. It also maps your movement along the terrain as you traverse your transect.

VECTORS CONNECTING POINTS IN ORDER

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Aligned with contour

New Boundary

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Aligned with contour

ZONE C

PROTOTYPICAL SECTION SEGMENT C

ZONE B

PROTOTYPICAL SECTION SEGMENT B

ZONE A

PROTOTYPICAL SECTION SEGMENT A

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Add

Align Prototypical Section Segments and draw as one continuous section

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Alignment with path

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Iteration Two

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Iteration One

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Datum Point 2

50’ 60’

Iteration Three

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Begin Triangulation: Each Point can be found at the intersection of two circles with radii equivalent to that of your measurement on site.

Remeber each point thereafter needs two measurements to establish its correct location. s diu

h ra

it le w Circ 2’ of 2

Keep Lines, Points, and Construction Circles on separate layers.

Datum Point 2

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Urban Landscape

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

1. Closed Polyline Sections

2. Split / Trim / Delete

3. Selection section tops. Curve Menu > Curve Edit Tools > Match Direction 4. Loft (straight sections)

5. Command > Extrude: Transect boundary

6. Trim lofted surface. Because of its complexity, I had to explode the surface first and then trim

7. If you exploded the surface to trim, Select and Join.

Datum Point 2

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9. In Perspective View: Move sections back to appropriate location on transect

8. In Perspective View: Rotate 3D

7. Join

6. Trim

4. Interpolate

5. Trim and Join

3. 2’Guides

2. Trim

9. Curve Menu > Curve From Objects > Duplicate Border for both surfaces (lofted and projected to cplane)

1. Top View

The Make2D Command Flattened your sections. This will make them easier to edit. In Top View: Edit, Split, Trim, and Join to create a closed polyline section.

Datum Point 2

In this view, select the sections and use the ‘Make2D’ command. They will show up at the 0,0 coordinate in the Top View.

Perspective View: Rotate 3D

Once the point is located, connect it back to the two points associated with its location. The points and vectors (their density and orientation) register your movement, patterns founds on site, and spatial relationships.

Side View: (Left, Right, Front, Back) should look like this.

Circle with radius of 50’

Top View: Copy each section individually and space accordingly

Datum Point 1

Perspective View: Snap segments back to the correct location

Circle with Radius of 60’

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Urban Landscape

School of Architecture Northeastern University

60’

Urban Landscape

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Urban Landscape

In Rhino establish Datum Point 1. Next, draw a circle centered on Datum Point 1 with a radius equal to that of your measurement to Datum Point 2. Locate Datum Point 2 at its approximate location along the construction circle. Connect both points.

Datum Point 1

Aligned to existing boundary

Subtract

Datum Point 1

Datum Point 1

Datum Point 1

2 FT GUIDES

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PROTOTYPICAL SECTION SEGMENT D

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Split and Join into Segments

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Aligned with flow perpendicular to contours

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Datum Point 2

Aligned with contour

Existing Boundary

On site: Document your movement, orientation, and the distance between points with lines. Note measurements. Approximate point locations. Always measure from two established points.

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ADDITIONAL SECTION

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In Top View, Align the Prototypical Sections as shown below. Place 2’ guides to help you with scale. Redraw your the section as discussed earlier. This may take a few iterations. Remember our discussion on the section and the curvature or lack of, its modulation and so forth is a register of the ground and its materiality.

You may need to add sections if you expanded beyond your original boundary (as shown below). I began by segmenting the transect into Zones of similar character and then, within each Zone I chose the existing section cut most appropriate to express its terrain.

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Find two datum points that can be found on your survey to begin your triangulation.

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3.

In the future you’ll be tasked with drawing a Deep Section based upon the Prototypical Section. What will this prototypical section expose about your transect in elevation? Meaning: What will show up behind and/or in front of the section cut? What does the section slice through: Large rocks? Layers of soil? Landfill Debris? Large canopy roots? Is it wet, soft?

1.

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Locate two points. As these are the first two points you plan to base the rest of your measurements upon, choose two points that are easy and clear to measure and to locate on your transect (a man-made element, large tree, boulder).

Find and Draw your Base Line between the two points on your map.

Locate a Third Point of interest (at an unknown angle).

Measure and document the distance from your base points to the third point.

You will triangulate precisely (to scale) off site in Rhino via construction circles, points and lines. While on site, you should draw the approximate location and document your measurements as well as the order of the points you take. Remeber these points should define essential structural elements and spatial patterns.

In Top View take your Prototypical Section Segment lines (PSS) and locate them along the appropriate Existing Section Cut lines (ESC). Project up lines from PSS endpoints to its associated ESC. Use the SPLIT command (not TRIM) to split the Existing Section with the Projection Lines.

Once Split, Join the lines to create a closed ployline segment.

This Prototypical Section is actually composed of segments of your initial Existing Sections. As your Prototypical Section, it’s important that it traverse, therefore expose, where you feel your transect’s most interesting topographical changes occur.

Redraw your transect boundary add/subtract, align with contours, triangulation, and or flow across contours to encompass the essence of your transect.

PROTOTYPICAL SECTION SEGMENTS

CONSTRUCTION ARCS AND POINTS

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2.

You’ve been asked to reinterpret the section based upon the wild topographical variation you surveyed on site. Via your site photographs, triangulation, and new sense of scale, imagine a prototypical section that when cut best represents your transect.

Triangulation is a way of determining a point’s location using the location and distance from other points. While on site you will triangulate the essential structural elements of your transect, and additional spatial patterns.

Step Two: Step Three: Step Four: Step Five:

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THE PROTOTYPICAL SECTION

EMERGENT PATTERNS

EXISTING SECTIONS

TRAVERSE AND TRIANGULATE

Step One:

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8. Once Joined: Select surface and ‘Project’ surface ‘To CPlane’

10. Either Loft between curves OR if Loft doesn’t work well, Extrude top curve down. Trim away with Cplane Surface. Save.

11. In a New File: File Menu > Settings > Units > Model Units > Change this to Feet. Copy your transect surface and Paste it into the new Rhino file. Zoom > Selected in the Top View to find your model. Move the model to 0,0 coordinates. Save the new file. Cut Contours and topography model steps for board placement. Cut a base for the model to help as a guide. You may make score lines of the section cuts with a Make2D from the Top View for the base.

Score Lines

Contour Command 2’ or 3’ intervals

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Boundary for Base

Make2D

Make2D

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Split and Join into Segments

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DESIGN STRATEGIES

ARMATURES OF CHANGE / MODELS OF THOUGHT

DESIGN STRATEGIES

ARMATURES OF CHANGE / MODELS OF THOUGHT

DESIGN STRATEGIES

ARMATURES OF CHANGE / MODELS OF THOUGHT

DESIGN STRATEGIES

ARMATURES OF CHANGE / MODELS OF THOUGHT

COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University School of Architecture Northeastern University

Overview LARC 2140 The ambition of Designed Urban Ecologies is to demonstrate how proto-ecological strategies can act as scaffold and catalyst when designing for the shape and nature of resilient urban form This studio builds upon topics covered in LARC 2130 Urban Wilds by focusing on a diverse range of generative tactics, responsive, performative, and indexical methodologies, and innovative technologies.

LARC 2140 will use the Gowanus Canal’s post industrial waterfront and superfund status as a point of departure to probe the interconnected nature of ecological systems and constructed infrastructures. By conceptualizing those connections between the city, the effects of climate change, the harbor, its watershed and population, we will reveal thresholds of potential. These dynamic interrelationships will inform the student’s design process and lead to opportunities to speculate and challenge conventional modes of urban development. In the end the student will re-appropriate existing broken, inadequate and/or ill-prepared infrastructures with flexible, adaptive and resilient hydrologic and ecological systems that can accommodate a terrain in flux.

Map of Gowanus Salt Marsh,Brooklyn NY made in 1766. See also Index of 1766 Map http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Map/1766.Vill.Key.html

Jackson Plumlee, Gowanus Canal, Spring 2013

DESIGNED URBAN ECOLOGIES

landscape infrastructures & constructed ecologies of the gowanus watershed LARC 2140

Spring 2014

SCHEDULE LOCATION INSTRUCTOR OFFICE HOURS

Monday/Thursday 1:35-4:30pm Ruggles Studio Brad Goetz/ m.goetz@neu.edu Wednesday 3-6 pm

what is infrastructure? 1. An evolving understanding of complexity in ecology, coupled with the increasing forces of globalization and decentralization, has leveraged the opening of the post-industrial landscape to the deployment of a new breed of urbanism –one that is characterized by plurality, diversity and complexity. This is a multi-scaled and multi-layered urbanism involving cultural, social, political, economic, infrastructural, and ecological conditions and their attendant functions. In essence, the dynamic metropolitan landscape is no longer understood as a tabula rasa for the expression of built-form; rather, it is a living field –a multi-dimensional system that engages integrated and hybridized cultural-natural ecologies –through which we are challenged to reconsider fundamentally the roles of a multiplicity of ecologies.

Lister, Nina-Marie. Critical Ecologies. Boston: Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2011. Print.

2. By infrastructure, one refers to every aspect of the technology of rational administration that routinizes life, action, and property within larger (ultimately global) organizations. Today, infrastructure can be argued to own a little part of everything. Infrastructure, at the very least, is the systematic expression of capital, of deregulated currency, of interest rates, credit instruments, trade treaties, market forces, and the institutions that enforce them; it is water, fuel, and electrical reservoirs, routes and rates of supply; it is demographic mutations and migrations, satellite networks and lotteries, logistics and supply coefficients, traffic computers, airports and distribution hubs, cadastral techniques, juridical routines, telephone systems, business district self-regulation mechanisms, evacuation and disaster mobilization protocols, prisons, subways and freeways and their articulated connections, libraries and weather-monitoring apparatuses, trash removal and recycling networks, sports stadiums and the managerial and delivery facilities for the data they generate, parking garages, gas pipelines and meters, hotels, public toilets, postal and park utilities and management, school systems and ATM machines; celebrity, advertising, and identity engineering; rail nodes and networks, television programming, interstate systems, entry ports and the public goods and agencies associated with them [Immigration and Naturalization Service, National Security Agency, Internal Revenue Service, Food and Drug Administration, Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms], sewers and alarms, multi-tiered military-entertainment apparatus, decision engineering pools, wetlands and water basins, civil structure maintenance schedules, epidemiological algorithms, cable delivery systems, police enforcement matrixes, licensing bylaws, green markets, medical-pharmaceutical complexes, internet scaffolds, handgun regulations, granaries and water towers, military deployment procedures, street and highway illumination schemas; in a phrase, infrastructure concerns regimens of technical calculation of any and all kinds.

Sanford Kwinter and Daniela Fabricius, “Urbanism: An Archivist’s Art?” in Rem Koolhaas, Stefano Boeri, et al.,eds., Mutations (Barcelona: Actar, 2001),495-96.

Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

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Gowanus Urban Watershed, 2012, Bing Maps Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Studio Format The studio is organized into three parts each building upon the other, culminating in a final design strategy. A series of presentations and discussions that address the visualization of relationships, design process, and various topics associated with the contemporary networked city, including reclamation strategies, storm water management, surge resiliency, and landscape technology, will supplement studentdriven research. Due to the focus on infrastructure, the work will be multi-scalar by necessity. Designed Urban Ecologies is the second of a sequence of urban landscape foundation studios specifically formatted to reveal the symbiotic relationship between blue and green infrastructures and their capacity to inform contemporary urbanism.

Objectives This studio aims to establish fluency in conceptual, organizational, and formal expressions of landscape representation. By using a landscape ecological approach we will integrate regional infrastructures with the Gowanus Canal and its urban watershed to generate designs that anticipate new strategies of contingency rather than a single idealized outcome. These speculations should be hyper-localized and move beyond the generic, prototypical reclamation strategies or programming of pastoral landscape and ecological restoration to that of ecological re-creation.

Additional objectives include: An introduction to advanced visualization techniques; to urban ecologies with a focus on brownfield environments; to development of site analysis and sustainable site design skills; and the development of design process with a focus on integrating site-scale intervention into regional-scale systems.

Readings

Gowanus Canal Oil Plumes, Flickr

There are no coordinated required course readings for LARC 2140, however establishing a practice of studying design monographs and relevant periodicals is essential to studio work development. The following list of books are good investments for your library.

Visual Complexity, Manuel Lima Landscapes in Landscapes, Peit Oudolf GSD Platform 5 & 6 Phylogenesis, foa’s arc Taking Measure’s Across the American Landscape, Corner & MacLean Harvard Design Magazine, Landcape Architectures Core 36, 2013 Large Parks, Czerniak & Hargreaves Deccan Traverses, Anuradha Mathur, Dilip da Cuna Living Systems, Liat Margolis, Alexander Robinson Digital Fabrications, Lisa Iwamoto Inside Smart Geometry, Brady & Terri Peters Envisioning Information, Tufte Design With Nature, McHarge

Bracket -Almanac 1 -on farming Bracket -Almanac 2 -goes soft Urban Plants of the Northeast, Peter Del Tredici Representing Landscapes, Nadia Amoroso The Landscape Urbanism Reader, Charles Waldheim Via, Dirt, Penn Design Recovering Landscape, James Corner Mississippi Floods, Anuradha Mathur, Dilip da Cuna Data Flow 1 & 2, Visualizing Information, Gestalten Digital Fabrication in Architecture, Rick Dunn Elements of Parametric Design, Robert Woodbury The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Tufte Ecological Urbanism, Mohsen Mostafavi, Gareth Doherty

The 1.8 mile long Gowanus Canal was created in the mid 1800s on the site of a former salt marsh and creek and has seen its fair share of environmental issues. For years, it has captured raw sewage waste from adjacent residential neighborhoods, industrial waste products from the businesses located along its banks, and polluted surface run off. Debris, such as tires, sunken barges, concrete rubble, timbers, gravel and general trash is widespread throughout the canal. At the same time, the canal is dotted with structures and bridges that celebrate its important industrial history and is home to egrets, cormorants, and other forms of wildlife. Currently, the area is filled with small industries, businesses, homes and artists’ studios and is at the cusp of gentrification. The canal was designated a Superfund Site in March 2010, however the Superfund Law that established a trust fund to help clean these waste sites through a tax on petroleum and chemical industries was discontinued by congress in 1995. The tax revenue levied to generate funds for cleanup (the Superfund) was depleted in 2003.

The Watershed The Gowanus Canal watershed is 1,758 acres and extends uphill from the canal into Park Slope, Carroll Gardens, Boerum Hill, and Cobble Hill. Industrial pollution from industry that lined the canal in the late 1800s to mid-1900s dumped their waste in its waters and on nearby land. The industrial waste dumped onto the land not only contaminates the land but is also continually leeching into the canal waters.

Pollutants that settled out of canal waters poisoned the sediments throughout the length of the canal.

The Sewage

Evaluation The final grade will represent the balance of attendance, verbal participation, completion of all assignments, presentations, and the quality of work produced in studio. part one: part two: part three: participation:

The Canal

20% 35% 35% 10%

The Contamination

Project evaluation throughout the term places significant emphasis on clarity, legibility, originality, depth and synthesis. The course grade includes a growth factor through the various studio projects as well an involvement in studio, workshops and presentations. Studio does not require the submission of a paper; it puts a strong emphasis on communication through graphics means. The development of superb graphics, the utmost care in drawing, the careful execution of representation techniques, the well thought out composition and development of drawings and the exploration of innovative communication forms are key to a successful project and will influence your grade.

Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

The sewer system throughout New York City is a combined system: the sewer pipes leading from our toilets, bathtubs, sinks, etc. are connected to the pipes that drain rainwater from the street. When weather conditions are dry, the raw sewage is allowed to travel to the sewage treatment plant. But during a typical rainstorm, the rainwater in this combined system which falls within the Gowanus Watershed (i.e., the areas in the surrounding neighborhoods that drain into the canal) throws off the proper functioning of the sewer system: the excess rainwater is mixed with raw sewage and released into the Gowanus Canal.

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Human exposure to hazardous substances in surface water and surface sediment from recreational use or canal overflow may result in carcinogenic risks above the EPA’s target risk range primarily due to exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs comprise a group of over 100 different chemicals that are produced during the incomplete burning of fuels, garbage, or other organic substances such as tobacco, plant material or meats. These combustion processes are manufactured for use in medicines, dyes, plastics and pesticides such as naphthalene found in mothballs. Health effects from long term exposure to PAHs may include cataracts, kidney and liver damage, jaundice, and skin, lung, bladder and gastrointestinal cancers, asthma-like symptoms, chronic bronchitis and decreased immune function.

Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

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COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

SCHEDULE

P1

manifesto of a risk landscape

w01

06jan

studio introduction: scalar infrastructures of the gowanus watershed, {amtrack ticket*}

09jan

graph basics, organizing and framing your research, gowanus urban watershed analysis

13jan

infrastructure mapping

16jan

visualizing complexity

20jan

mlk day, no class

23jan

nyc visit gowanus canal/conservancy, highline walk, field operations

27jan

photo essay, memory perspective

30jan

graph, software primer

03feb

graph, software primer

06feb

graph, software primer

w06

10feb

review

P2

generative ecologies

w02

w03

w04

w05

w07

w08

13feb

fields / mats / eco services

17feb

presidents day, no class

20feb

fields / mats / infrastructures

24feb

eco-surfaces

w10

w11

w12

P3

resilient urban form

w13

31mar

plan / view / section

03apr

phasing

07apr

model

10apr

typologies / diagrams

w14

w15

w16

14apr 17apr

narrative

21apr

patriots’ day, no class

tbd

review

Grading and Attendance Grading is based on attendance, performance on assignments and informed participation in class. Except in the case of emergencies late work, tardiness and absences are not acceptable unless prior consent is given by the instructor. More than two unexcused absences will result in reduction of the final letter grade and more than three unexcused absences will result in failure of the course. Cell phones must be turned off or silent and internet use and communication (texting, twitter, facebook, etc) is prohibited during lectures, presentations, and desk reviews.

In accordance with Northeastern School of Architecture’s grading policy, grades will be distributed according to the following scale (grading policy for lecture, lab and studio courses is available on http:// www.architecture.neu.edu/student_resources/grading_policy)

27feb w09

School of Architecture Northeastern University

A

Superb quality work The student: *demonstrates one of the best performances on projects the instructor has seen at Northeastern or any other accredited school of Architecture *demonstrates tru intellectual passion, curiosity, initiative and exploration *consistently brings strong ideas to fruition with a high level of craft *conveys a strong affinity for design culture

A-

High quality work The student: *demonstrates one of the best performances on projects within the studio *demonstrates true intellectural curiosity, initiative and exploration *consistently brings ideas to fruition with a high level of craft *conveys strong interest in design culture

B+

Good quality work The student: *demonstrates a strong performance on projects within the studio *consistently brings strong ideas to fruition with a good level of craft *conveys broad interest in design culture

B

Above average work The student: *demonstrates good initiative and above average craft *conveys interest in design culture

B-

Average work The student: *demonstrates average effort and craft and initiative *meets attendance requirements

C+

Below average work The student: *demonstrates below average effort, craft and initiative *meets attendance requirements

03mar

spring break, no class

C

Well below average work The student: *demonstrates well below average effort, craft and initiative *engages in excuse-making, tardiness and absence

06mar

spring break, no class

C-

Minimal work The student: *demonstrates minimal effort, craft and initiative *engages in chronic excuse-making, tardiness and absence

10mar

eco-surfaces plan & model development

D+,D,D-

Marginally acceptabel work.

The student: *demonstrates unacceptable effort, craft and initiative *engages in chronic excuse-making, tardiness and absence

13mar

eco-surfaces plan & model development

17mar

eco-surfaces plan & model development

20mar

photomontage: adaptable, resilient, crafted fictions

Northeastern University and the School of Architecture are committed to the principles of intellectual honesty and integrity. Members of the Northeastern community are expected to maintain complete honesty in all academic work, presenting only that which is their own work in tests and assignments. Should you have any questions regarding proper attribution of the work of others, contact your professor prior to submitting work for evaluation, or refer to the university policies on the subject (http://www.northeastern.edu/osccr/academic integrity/).

Student Feedback

24mar 27mar

The College of Art, Media and Design considers student feedback essential and requires all students to complete TRACE evaluations at the end of the semester. You will be asked to provide a screen shot to your instructor that reflects your participation. Note that you can, anonymously, opt out of completing the survey and still obtain the screen shot that satisfies the TRACE requirement.

review

Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

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Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

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School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

MANIFESTO OF A RISK LANDSCAPE organizing and then framing your research visually

Infrastructure is a network of systems grouped by reciprocal relationships, or interrelationships. These relationships have a clear physical or spatial manifestation such as the interstate highway system, or Hoover Dam, as well as latent or unapparent relationships -present but not visible and often hidden either below ground, nested within systems, or connected via invisible forces and/or institutional frameworks (wireless communication for instance or institutions such as the military, prison system, clergy, and Apple). These systems exist at several scales and transform over time.

A B

Physical or Spatial Manifestation Latent or Unapparent Relationship

DESIGNED URBAN ECOLOGIES scalar infrastructures of the gowanus watershed

The Hover Dam, Las Vegas Nevada

With the emergence of a new geological epoch entitled the Anthropocene, the Great Acceleration post WWII, and the wake of extreme weather events such as Hurricane Katrina, Superstorm Sandy, and Typhoon Haiyan; we belong to an era of exponential change. In the foreshadow of increased climatic variation, you are tasked to research, catalogue, and graph the complex interrelationships between humans and ecological patterns and processes of the Gowanus Urban Watershed; this will provide the platform from which you will discover evident and underlying failures of urbanism, and develop the agency required for future designs/resolutions.

Paul Baran, Network models, The three architectures, 1964 : Initial network studies prefiguring the evolution of the internet

Now think of last semester and the concept of succession. Succession is a transformative process that can be categorized via disturbance (primary versus secondary versus cyclic succession) and organized into stages based upon time (early, intermediate, and climax communities). Stages may be deconstructed into typologies (for example: Climatic Climax, Edaphic Climax, Catastrophic Climax, Disclimax, Subclimax , Preclimax and Postclimax) and each typology is systematically composed of groups (such as plant species). Succession is organized, ordered, articulated, or arranged according to a system.

C

Systematize: to arrange in or according to a system (synonyms: organize, order, articulate)

You have been tasked to systematize an infrastructure with known ecological effects.

Each of you were provided an infrastructure and risk. Based upon our discussion today of your position within the discipline, and Frederick Law Olmsted’s comprehensive vision of landscape architecture -as an art that should simultaneously pursue aesthetic, social, and environmental objectives, we know one cross disciplinary and universal approach is rigorous research. One must first conduct research with specificity, regardless of which “clan” we most associate ourselves with to foster a successful project.

Over the weekend, let the Scientific Method guide your investigation. Accumulate a small body of research to present next class. Research is an iterative process; use it to discover existing and novel relationships. Patterns happen at multiple scales; site (local), global, national, molecular and so forth over multiple periods of time; days, decades, centuries, months, seasons.

To do this you must first research the given infrastructure and understand how it is organized. As you investigate, relationships involving ecology will emerge. Begin by making lists in cad of what you find and then organize them into groups. The list in of itself is a group, can this list be grouped with other lists to form a larger group? Link lists together with vectors when they involve each other.

Begin drawing by hand the interrelationships you discover between your given infrastructure and risk so that you may better organize your thoughts and visualize connections. Then, begin drafting them in AutoCAD. This is your research map- it will evolve and change as your understanding of the network expands. Lets begin to map from the local to the global, from the micro-scale to the macro scale, from the Gowanus Canal to the metropolitan region, and beyond.

D

The essential elements of the Scientific Method are:

Lists (some examples below)

1. To Define a Question 2. Gather Information and Resources (your research) 3. Analysis of Data (discover new and unknown connections and relationships) 4. Interpret Your Analysis (organize visually the connections –sketch by hand, test, re-arrange, re-test and so on) 5. Publish Results (create a visually appealing drawing –draw in Rhino, Cad and then bring into Illustrator)

A list of sequential steps as in the processing of fuel A list of “ingredients,” or chemicals describing the composition of sewage A list of quantities/number/data of a commodity/population/rising temperatures A list known side effects such as diseases A list of void spaces you have traced associated by a common thread A list of sites/locations/sq. ft./acreage A list from wikipedia that organizes a key concept

Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

This is an ITERATIVE (repetitious or frequent) process, requiring insight, creativity, specificity and rigor (strict diligence and accuracy)

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Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

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COURSE METHODOLOGIES

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

INFRASTRUCTURE LANDSCAPE Surface to Landform: Manipulation / Operation / Performace

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Each of you began to map an infrastructure and its network {the temporal, multi-scalar, geographic, spatial, and latent implication}. This should impress upon you the expansive reach of infrastructure and the layered interdependence of urban systems. It’s time to frame your own construction of the site, and eventually your project, your position. Your first task is to construct a visual argument defining the risk inherent to your site. One’s position emerges through the research-based identification of Risk, and the structure, function and change of Ecology. Research-based identification of risk {acknowledging, quantifying, and projecting the level of inundation, degree of contamination, of ecological or substantiates theLhow G Oand Wextent ANU S S T Odegradation} R M S Uinforms RGE CALCU A Tand O why R one would address {manipulate, leverage, harness, respond to, subvert, and / or transform} the weak urban infrastructures and vulnerable ecologies of the Gowanus and Scenarios at large. Once you have a clear assessment of risk and its scope {thoroughly review the items posted/to be posted to Blackboard as well 1. All scenarios stemming fr om 2080 as helpful items on contaminants, remediation etc. posted earlier in the semester} focus your efforts and develop a technical arsenal of sea level projection. strategies, processes, operations, and instruments to implement change -and address the risk you have defined for the Gowanus.

6. Existing and Past Industry / Recycled Materials, Collection, Distribution 7. Parks and Vegetation / Permeability, Imperviousness 8. Shipping, Trade, Products / Sustainability

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Task One Rising Seas

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Your first task is to craft a set of diagrams (3) summarizing the content of Rising Seas {macro/global level/big picture} and to incorporate relevant information from PlaNYC {micro/urban/localized/ waterfront resilience} to present Thursday. Clarity, Originality, Labeling (specificity of quantities/terms and so forth) are of utmost importance. Refrain from the use of Color and tones of Grey. You may only use Black & White and gradients of white. The challenge is to incorporate the above attributes, the drama of Black and White, and to layer multiple dimensions of information. *Place each diagram on one slide in power point. Print each diagram on one 11x17.

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BULKHEAD HEIGHT

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Infiltration

Floodwater Recession

Tide Low Tide High Tide

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Scenarios -

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Storm Surge Height Tropical Storm - 1.5’ Category 1 - 4.7’ Category 2 - 7’ Category 3 - 11’ Category 4 - 15.5’ Category 5 - 20’

Sea Level +30

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BULKHEAD HEIGHT

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Storm Surge Height Tropical Storm - 1.5’ Category 1 - 4.7’ Category 2 - 7’ Category 3 - 11’ Category 4 - 15.5’ Category 5 - 20’

2020 Projected Level

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2. Hurricane Sandy storm surge projected onto a storm of the same magnitude in 2080.

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Scenarios -

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1. All scenarios stemming fr om 2080 sea level projection.

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Gowanus Urban Watershed, 2012, Bing Maps

Scenarios -

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Floodwater Recession

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Infiltration

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Storm Surge Height Tropical Storm - 1.5’ Category 1 - 4.7’ Category 2 - 7’ Category 3 - 11’ Category 4 - 15.5’ Category 5 - 20’

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Storm Surge Height Tropical Storm - 1.5’ Category 1 - 4.7’ Category 2 - 7’ Category 3 - 11’ Category 4 - 15.5’ Category 5 - 20’

9. Hydrology / Habitat, Pollution, Species Diversity, Vegetation

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2. Hurricane Sandy storm surge projected onto a storm of the same magnitude in 2080.

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Infiltration

Gowanus Storm Surge Calculator, Designed Urban Ecologies 2013 Jackson Plumlee

Floodwater Recession

Floodwater Recession

5. Storm Preparation, Salt Piles / Contamination, Distribution

Infiltration

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3. Sewage / CSO Overflow, Contaminants, Collection, Distribution

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2. Energy / Type, Use, Distribution, Sustainability

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Infiltration

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Infrastructure + Risk / Gowanus Urban Watershed and Beyond

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Superstorm Sandy: Seaside Heights, New Jersey & Staten Island, New York

Storm Surge Height Tropical Storm - 1.5’ Category 1 - 4.7’ Category 2 - 7’ Category 3 - 11’ Category 4 - 15.5’ Category 5 - 20’

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INFRASTRUCTURE LANDFORM

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Urban Estuary / Index Model / The Mat & Generative Ecologies

The Mat

Urban Estuary

The Urban Estuary is a speculative infrastructure landscape or territory of scalable infrastructures based at the confluence of the Hudson, East River, Gowanus Canal, and Upper Bay of New York. You are tasked to define this territory by a set of parameters that address the geomorphology of an estuarine landscape turned industrial waterfront -currently under-used and under-siege from coastal flooding.

Midterm to Address: 1. Coastal Flooding: due to rising tides and increased storm frequency/intensity. {Graphs} 2. Scalable Infrastructures: address systemic failure at a local level. {Index Model + Operational Diagrams + Phylogenesis Tree}

What is an Index?

An index is a sign, or an abstraction that represents a complex network of relationships and flows. For example, smoke is an index or sign representing the inputs/outputs and exchanges that generate fire, as in the old adage “where there’s smoke, there’s fire.” The red exit sign in a dark theater represents the quickest route of egress in case of fire (as a result of The Iroquois Theatre fire on December 30, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois; 605 deaths). We use indexes to simplify connections between scale, dimension, magnitude, location, and time.

Abstracted patterns on a plan are indexes of landscape type, performance, succession, ecologies, etc. ...

The term “Mat” is just a useful metaphor borrowed to simplify complex relationships of cause and effect. If the Index Model can be considered the instrument (used to interpret landscape change at various scales), then the Mat is the mechanism we use to generate that change; a system of parts and logic, or a framework, that may be “applied” to various contexts. In this sense the Mat metaphor is quite appropriate as a design construct, when considered as an underlying framework (a system of parts that transform parametrically) used to develop ideas and interpret change of landform and landscape. More importantly, the Mat; how it is used (or applied in our case) and for what purpose, is an appropriate analogy when used to speculate potential outcomes or effects. The desired outcomes in our case would be the socio-ecological services landscape’s provide. An ecosystem service is a beneficial landscape operation, such as the production of food, fresh water, climate regulation, flood regulation, water purification, and recreational and aesthetic use. Ecosystem services support water recharge and sanitation, sufficient nutrition, health, social cohesion, habitat diversity, economic activity, and safety from hazards. Via the integration of “service” with “surface,” your Mat Strategies and Index Model will help you re-shape and produce resilient urban form.

Midterm to Address: You must speculate prototypical connections between landform/landscape operation and ecological services (such as storm water filtration, habitat, ecological corridors, erosion control, heat island mitigation, and carbon sinks for example).

Index Interpretation Example: Land Imprinting Tools for the Collection, Conversion, and Distribution of water in arid climates. The Evaluation Matrix analyzes each case study in terms of the source, quantity, and quality of water, as well as energy consumption and multi-functionality.

Collecting focuses on the containment and conveyance of water in its cycles, such as vapour, precipitation, runoff, evapo-transpiration. It examines specific conditions of aridity, namely its prolonged droughts and torrential flash floods; the high evaporation rates of surface water due to solar radiation; as well as the extreme temperature differential between day and night, and above and below ground. Each case departs from this analysis to extract water from its immediate surroundings.

Distributing focuses on the management of water resources on a large scale, ranging from multi-national, national, metropolitan, and neighborhood scales.

Distribution is predicated on the interweaving of multiple components, such as energy, transit, and agricultural infrastructure, as well as urban armatures. It is also shaped by the needs and demands of its environment, most important of which are agriculture and population.

One of the main challenges is to offset water loss and maximize access efficiency.

Converting focuses on the transformation of water quality and availability. It addresses the issue of contamination and various chemical compositions of water resources, which conventionally render them unusable.

Mat Strategies & Generative Ecologies

Mat Strategies are frameworks used to generate outcomes of an ecological nature. How the Mat reacts and transforms to your logic will lead to new interpretations of landform operation, performance, and overall system organization.

A.

How those Mat Strategies adapt when deployed across topography (think of a mat and how it distorts when applied to a valley versus a field)

B.

How Mat Strategies react during storms, seasonal change, and variations of public use (think of a mat and whether it absorbs, collects, mitigates flood versus how it may provide a platform for large scale protest, act as an amphitheater basin, or produce crops via strip-tilling)

C.

How Mat Strategies perform over time (think of a mat and how it may erode or deposit, the process of succession, and phased remediation/economic development)

Module Inspiration: Paper Folding/Process/Technic http://www.zoekeramea.com/main/sculpture http://www.pleatfarm.com/ http://classes.dma.ucla.edu/Winter09/22/?cat=20 http://www.flickr.com/photos/69844849@N00/sets/72157611468447258 http://www.rhinojungle.com/group/grasshopper/forum/topics/creating-a-folding-pattern Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

1

Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

3

COURSE METHODOLOGIES

What is an Index Model?

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

An Index Model may be defined as a generative tactic or tool we use to expand our interpretation of landscape structure, operation and performance and how it may adapt due to changes in environmental inputs. The Index Model can be thought of as a physical manifestation of such relationships. We are interested in how a module reacts, whether that module represents a surface slope, a landform or network of landforms {landscape}, via a set of rules or logic used to transform the index model. The logic used to transform the index is based on one’s interests and research of systems and their operation. Logic is also derived from relationships that occur on site, via its topography, transitions between edge conditions, context, and effects of flow associated above, below, or through the site.

Gowanus Site Visit

designed urban ecologies brooklyn new york Overview Your own construction of the site, and eventually your project (your position) -begins with the various ways in which you will observe and map it. Researching and mapping infrastructural systems and ecological flows are part of this, but so will be the ways in which you record and compose more experiential, phenomenal, and sensorial aspects of the site (photography, site notes, drawing). Ultimately, these actions (observing and mapping) will lead to another one -speculating -on how to develop artificial ecologies that are: 1.

2.

Adaptable Resilient

3.

Fiction

have a spatial framework that is open-ended leverage/adapt failing infrastructures of the Gowanus Urban Watershed and waterfront environs with ecological systems of multiple performance/program conceived by an unrestrained imagination; odd and remarkable; bizarre; grotesque; extravagantly fanciful; fantastical; marvelous; imaginary or groundless. See Luis Callejas’ response when asked about “fiction” and its importance to his work:

The first project that I built started as a fiction in a way. We were doing the competition of an aquatic center in Medellin in 2008, just four months after starting the practice (paisajes emergentes) and we honestly never thought we would win that one. It had a lot of speculation in it -images of water surrounding by more water, and we decided to do a building without walls or a roof. Our entry was a serious fiction about responding to an architecture competition brief with a landscape operation. We won, and two years after that we were swimming in those pools! I experienced that just after starting the practice, and now I never question the seriousness of crafted fictions.

Islands & Atolls, Pamphlet Architecture 33, Luis Callejas, LCLA Office, 2013.

Index Model must be a “closed surface,” converted to a mesh, exported as an stl file Dimensions: 7.5” x 7.5” x 2”

The Mat “The mat can be thought of as a systematic field of consistent and repetitive parts, dispersed across a large-scale territory, and governed by a set of formal or logistical operations. The mat is transformed according to its own internal logics, or in response to external inputs, or both; in architecture and urbanism, for example, the mat may transform in response to how it hits the ground, or to what programmatic desires are brought to bear, while simultaneously retaining its identity.”

Reed, Chris. 14: Mat Ecologies: Landscape Representations, “Representing Landscapes: A Visual Collection of Landscape Architectural Drawings”, edited by Nadia Amoroso, 2012

A mat is generally defined as: A piece of fabric made of plaited or woven rushes, straw, hemp, or similar fiber, or of some other pliant material, as rubber, used as a protective covering on a floor or other surface. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mat?s=t Let’s take, for example, the yoga mat. The yoga mat (a fabricated surface of woven, chemically enhanced material), once unrolled provides the platform for the practice of Yoga and its many physical positions. Not only is the yoga mat a practical instrument with unique specifications (inputs and parameters such as texture, dimension, absorptive capacity etc), it is a surface applied to the floor used to contort ones body in a myriad of positions necessary to cultivate the physical, mental, and spiritual states peace, alleviate health problems, reduce stress, and make the spine supple. The yoga mat coupled with its use generates an array of benefits.

On Observation and Mapping Mapping instigates a process of becoming familiar with local and expanded notions of site. By embracing the possibilities of the dynamic systems occurring in and around the site, the designer is able to utilize the potentials of their differently-scaled characteristics -from complex ecological, infrastructural, and urban economic systems to more nuanced shifts in localized cultural practices. The representation of dynamic processes emphasizes the ever-changing relationships and influences between these factors, and also recognizes that the processes are often in networks of influence that both accrue and dissipate in degrees of complexity and resilience. The identification of these systems opens the possibility of discerning complex connections and ambiguous components that had previously remained latent.

Traditional methods of mapping have typically relied on pattern-based observations, which pertain either to the organizational structure of urban morphological components -streets and squares and highways -or to the identification of architectural typologies by their characteristics and repetitive behaviors. Dynamic mapping deprecates neither the significance of physical morphologies nor of architectural typologies. Instead it embeds their influence within the larger complex systems in which they reside and affect, and allows for different ways of representing and modeling these entities through modalities of time and diachronic transformation of feedback.

Implicit in the enterprise of mapping is the possibility that through a particular representation of a dynamic process, a path of action -design-becomes apparent. This moment of emergence of design strategy remains particular to the respective content of the different mapping strategies and to the tools and methodologies employed. Implicit in the entire structure of your mapping, is the concept that the identification of complex relationships and dynamic sets of influence remain open to continuing change long past the end of the design project. The city is never finished.

Annette Fierro, Mapping Philadelphia, Via Occupation, PennDesign, 2007.

Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

2

Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

1

PART III INDEX TO LANDFORM

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

Generative Ecologies: Mat Manipulation

Extract your logic (isolate layers and export opportunistically) 1.

Separate and export from the top and/or bottom view each layer of your index model. Layers should correspond to or be manifestations of your infrastructure landscape’s logic, operation, and framework. If you have only topography separate contour elevations into 3 layers (a datum layer, below and above the datum). Export up to 3 iterations of each layer to Illustrator (an iteration is a mode of exporting from Rhino that depicts your layer in an insightful manner). Test each iteration before you export, and choose those that best represent the associated process/operation. Make sure to export a bounding box with each iteration, as you may need this to properly scale and overlay your layers in Illustrator. (The bounding box is similar to the bounding box we use in autocad to easily maintain scale with your plans once brought into Illustrator).

Exporting Techniques per Layer: A. Export nurbs surface linework to Ai (dense lines) B. Export contours to Ai cut perpendicular to the base (not parallel) at .05-.0125” intervals (topography lines) You may also try cutting contours diagonally to the base for a different effect using the same interval C. Export a faceted mesh surface to AI and experiment with mesh density. (parametric triangulation) *You need to clean up the linework of these layers before exporting them into AI 2.

In Illustrator, once you have modified the stroke and color of the layer’s linework (black / .15-.25 stroke) group layers on 11x17 pages by process/operation and label with specificity. Print your layers for next time. Also export each layer separately as a PNG, @ 200 dpi.

Deploy each layer across the site 3.

On Blackboard: download the plan files under Course Materials > Mat Manipulation (2 pdfs and 1 Ai file). You may convert in Adobe Acrobat or from AI these files into jpegs to use as a base in Photoshop.

4.

The goal is to manipulate/play with each layer in Photoshop with the transform/scale/warp tools. Let the layer react to the context of the site. How does the layer’s geometry and therefor operation/logic transform in relation to changes in topography, land use, major transportation routes, known contamination, cso, edge conditions, latent flows, above and below grade infrastructures.

Open the site jpeg in Photoshop to use as your base. You may need to darken/thicken the linework in Photoshop. To do this, simply duplicate the linework layer a few times and then flatten the layers by selecting all the duplicate layers and using the ‘control e’ command to flatten the associated layers.

5.

Print 2 versions of your mat manipulation to explain to the class and print on 11x17s, these can be variations or completely different strategies. Label points of transformation -what is the mat reacting to, and how do you interpret its effect upon your logic?

*Keep in mind your layers are manifestations of physical landforms (such as berms, dunes, pools, tanks, swales, agriculture fields, forests, zones/scales of activity), and that these landforms perform landscape operations (they generate ecological services such as storm water filtration, habitat, ecological corridors, erosion control, heat island mitigation, water conveyance, storm surge mitigation, carbon sequestration, remediation of contaminated land, create energy and so forth.) *Keep in mind the Index Model you have created can be interpreted as a detail, a vast expanse, a set of relationships that inform your intervention, or all three.

Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

1

Urban Landscape Program Designed Urban Ecologies

2

GOWANUS STORM SURGE CALCULATOR

INCREASING FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY OF COASTAL FLOOD EVENTS, NEW YORK CITY

Elisabeth Hoff Designed Urban Ecologies Urban Landscape Program Spring 2013

Francesca de Benedictas Designed Urban Ecologies Urban Landscape Program Spring 2014

Sam Packer Designed Urban Ecologies Urban Landscape Spring 2014

Sam Packer Designed Urban Ecologies Urban Landscape Spring 2014

Sam Packer Designed Urban Ecologies Urban Landscape Spring 2014

School of Architecture Northeastern University

ARCH 2250 Introduction to Sustainable Design in Architecture Term Meets Instructor

Spring 2015 Tue/Fri 9:50-11:30 am Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208 583 Holmes Hall

Credits In Room For Help

School of Architecture Northeastern University

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IN ARCHITECTURE

Sustainable Design in Architecture is a hybrid of lecture and colloquium with required readings, student lead presentation and discussion, and two slide identification/short essay exams.

Four Semester Hours 297 Ryder Hall Office Hours Tue: 12:30-5:00 pm Wed: 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

School of Architecture Northeastern University

MIDTERM ARCH 2250

Introduction to Sustainable Design in Architecture Term Meets

Readings

Readings will be assigned / provided in class or posted to Blackboard for discussion prior to the assigned colloquium.

Lecture-Colloquium

Roughly 45 minutes of lecture and 45 minutes of discussion. Pairs of students will be assigned to lecture readings. Each will present their findings, and then both students are responsible for leading post-lecture discussion. The colloquium should: paraphrase content, deconstruct principles, identify relevance with course topics and objectives, and interpret relevance with the current lecture, and / or past lectures.

Presentations

Should be in the form of PowerPoint/Prezi and accompanied by a printed synopsis. Presentations should include new interpretations, opinions, relevant insights, and additional precedents, videos etc...

Instructor

Spring 2015 Tue/Fri 9:50-11:30 am Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

Four Semester Hours 297 Ryder Hall Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Wed: 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

Credits In Room For Help

GRADING & ATTENDANCE

Grading is based on attendance, performance on assignments and informed participation in class. Except in the case of emergencies late work, tardiness and absences are not acceptable unless prior consent is given by the instructor. More than two unexcused absences will result in reduction of the final letter grade and more than three unexcused absences will result in failure of the course. Cell phones must be turned off or silent and internet use and communication (texting, twitter, facebook, etc) is prohibited during lectures and presentations.

In accordance with Northeastern School of Architecture’s grading policy, grades will be distributed according to the following scale (grading policy for lecture, lab and studio courses is available on http:// www.architecture.neu.edu/student_resources/grading_policy)

STUDENT EVALUATION

The final grade will represent the balance of attendance, quality and completion of presentations, informed participation in class, and performance on examinations. Evaluation throughout the term places significant emphasis on clarity, legibility, originality, depth and synthesis.

The Dymaxion map depicts the Earth’s continents as “one island,” or nearly contiguous land masses. More unusually, the Dymaxion map does not have any “right way up”. Fuller argued that in the universe there is no “up” and “down”, or “north” and “south”: only “in” and “out”. He attributed the north-up-superior/ south-down-inferior presentation of most other world maps to cultural bias.

CONTEXT

Climate Change: In the wake of extreme weather events, systemic failure, and unparalleled global transmutation; ecological breakdown and the increasing intensity and frequency of climatic events has made apparent the frailty of our urban regions. Once outliers, such events as Hurricane Katrina, Superstorm Sandy, Typhon Hieyon, and a perpetual drought in the west and southwest have become seasonal occurrences and reveal economically vulnerable regions and weak, outmoded, overwhelmed, or obsolete infrastructures. In the wake of extreme weather events, and with the emergence of a new geological epoch entitled the Anthropocene; we belong to an era of exponential change.

Craft:

Skill in planning, making, or executing. An activity that involves making something in a skillful way by using your hands.

Rigor:

The quality or state of being very exact, careful, or strict.

Legibility:

Capable of being read or deciphered; understood.

Synthesis:

Something that is made by combining different things (such as ideas). The composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole.

20%

Participation

OVERVIEW

35%

Presentations

Sustainable Design in Architecture explores the issues and practices of design as it relates to natural systems, using critical readings of seminal and current texts, lectures, films, and projects that use both design and analysis as means of inquiry. The course examines varied approaches to sustainability, including using nature and wilderness as models, biophilia, biomimicry, material sources and reuse, and performance metrics. The course work couples these thematic explorations with precedents and speculative projects that investigate the application of these ideas in built form. As such, the course is designed to offer both a broad understanding of resilience via contemporary urban frameworks and a deep understanding of the varied ways one might approach resilience as a design professional.

45%

Examination 1 & 2

This course asks you to grapple with the most fundamental of questions of green design: What is nature? What is the place of humans in the natural world? What is the role design and the designer as we face the greatest challenge of our time -climate change?

March 6, 2015

Four short essay prompts are provided below; choose two. Each response should demonstrate proficiency of course content, synthesis of course concepts, and interpretation of course topics via the urban coastal region.

1. Explain what is meant by sustainability, resilience, and adaptation and describe their relationship to climate change. Briefly provide a strategy or precedent of each.

2. Argue for or against urban ecology and ecological urbanism. Are they useful as frameworks to transcend disciplinary boundaries?

3. Explain the concept of maladaptation. Provide three precedent examples; two historic, one unrealized.

STUDENT FEEDBACK

The College of Art, Media and Design considers student feedback essential and requires all students to complete TRACE evaluations at the end of the semester. You will be asked to provide a screen shot to your instructor that reflects your participation. Note that you can, anonymously, opt out of completing the survey and still obtain the screen shot that satisfies the TRACE requirement.

4. Give your opinion on landscape urbanism, its tenants, and projects (built and unbuilt).

OBJECTIVES ACADEMIC HONESTY

By course completion, students should be able to:

Northeastern University and the School of Architecture are committed to the principles of intellectual honesty and integrity. Members of the Northeastern community are expected to maintain complete honesty in all academic work, presenting only that which is their own work in tests and assignments. Should you have any questions regarding proper attribution of the work of others, contact your professor prior to submitting work for evaluation, or refer to the university policies on the subject (http://www. northeastern.edu/osccr/academicintegrity/).

1. Identify and discuss critical texts, designers and theorists that address resilient urban form.

2. Explain the range and complexity of criteria used to define sustainability in design.

3. Evaluate ecological performance of the build environment by selecting among multiple criteria and methods.

1

Urban Landscape

3

Urban Landscape

School of Architecture Northeastern University

SCHEDULE

Presenters Week

Date

Presentation

Student Teams

Topic

w01

tue13jan fri16jan

Lecture

-

Course Overview Context: Welcome to the Athropocene

w02

tue20jan fri23jan

Lecture Colloquium

-

Resilience Glossary (the need for a common lexicon)

w03

tue27jan fri30jan

Lecture Colloquium

3,4

Disciplinary Realignment Readings 1

w04

tue03feb fri06feb

Lecture Colloquium

2,10

Scalar Shift (new resilient frameworks) Readings 2

w05

tue10feb fri13feb

Lecture Colloquium

5,9

Urban Landscape Ecology Readings 3

w06

tue17feb fri20feb

Lecture Colloquium

6,11

Urban Landscape Ecology Readings 4

w07

tue24feb fri27feb

Lecture Colloquium

7,8

Urban Landscape Ecology Readings 5

w08

tue03mar fri06mar

Lecture -

Midterm

Slide Identification + Short Essay

w09

tue10mar fri13mar

-

Spring Break Spring Break

w10

tue17mar fri20mar

Lecture Colloquium

10,3

Stratagem Readings 6

w11

tue24mar fri27mar

Lecture Colloquium

2,4

Stratagem Readings 7

w12

tue31mar fri03apr

Lecture Colloquium

5,6

Stratagem Readings 8

Urban Landscape

School of Architecture Northeastern University

LECTURE-COLLOQUIUM PRESENTATION PROTOCOL

Student teams entertain the class with a robust discussion and creative presentation on their interpretation and analysis of the assigned reading.

Presentations should be in the form of PowerPoint/Prezi and accompanied by a synopsis + bullet points for distributution to the class.

Potential topics include:

School of Architecture Northeastern University

ARCH 2250 Introduction to Sustainable Design in Architecture Term Meets Instructor

Current/planned/predicted noteworthy precedents (adaptive and maladaptive) Local/regional/global climate and environmental issues Disciplinary observations and critiques Innovative technologies Methods of engagement/action Design and framework proposals/speculations

Spring 2015 Tue/Fri 9:50-11:30 am Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

Credits In Room For Help

Four Semester Hours 297 Ryder Hall Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Wed: 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

FINAL EXAM WEDNESDAY, APRIL 29 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM FORSYTH BUILDING 238 Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11 of Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design: Linking Theory and Practice for Sustainable Cities New Geographies 06: Grounding Metabolism EVALUATION Short Answer

50%

Choose 10 {15}

Essay

50%

Choose 1 {3}

SHORT ANSWER

1. List 3 conditions 0f urban waterways that contribute to what is known as urban stream syndrome: 2. What is the relationship between resilience and sustainability?

New Frameworks of Adaptation: LCLA Office

3. Jianguo Wu and Tong Wu in Chapter 10 of Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design base their discussion of resilience upon the “non-equilibrium paradigm.” The non-equilibrium paradigm assumes:

-

4. List the 3 ways Brian McGrath in Chapter 11 of Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design characterize’s urban change?

5. What three cities could be used to characterize urban change?

6. What is meant by “soft engineering?”

7. List two contemporary strategies of water based urbanism (i.e. Northern Europe / Asia).

8. What characterizes Complex Adaptive Systems or CAS? 9. The concept of urban metabolism is often used to describe?

w13

tue07apr fri10apr

Lecture Colloquium

11,7

Stratagem Readings 9

w14

tue14apr fri17apr

Lecture Colloquium

8,9

Stratagem Readings 10

11. Provide an example of an urban aquatic system.

w15

tue21apr fri24apr

Lecture -

Final Exams

Stratagem

12. Briefly explain the difference between adaptation and maladaptation.

w16

tue28apr

-

Final Exams

10. List two metabolic changes that take place in the cultural process of urbanization?

-

13. What is the relationship between resilience and adaptation?

-

14. Briefly define what is meant by panarchy.

Lecture-Colloquium Teams

Urban Landscape

15. List three urban ecosystem services.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Jack Corriveau Alexis Hair Isabella Robino Logan McGuinness Jacob Plihal Fangzhou Yu Avery Robertson Alexandra Malloy Andrew Fair Christian Dierker 2

Urban Landscape

4

Urban Landscape

School of Architecture Northeastern University

INFRASTRUCTURE LANDSCAPE

LARC 1330 DESIGNED ECOLOGIES OF THE CITY term meets instructor

Summer I 2015 MTWR 3:20-5:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

School of Architecture Northeastern University

School of Architecture Northeastern University

ANTHROTURBATION / MANUFACTURED LANDSCAPES LARC 1330 DESIGNED ECOLOGIES OF THE CITY

Four Semester Hours Forsyth 238 Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

term meets instructor

Summer I 2015 MTWR 3:20-5:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

Climate change is one part of a larger phenomenon, the main driver of planetary-scale change, or global change

Four Semester Hours Forsyth 238 Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

The Anthropocene Discourse and its ‘Golden Spike’ Moment clearly visualizes the exponential rate of transformation termed the ‘Great Acceleration’ and clearly backets a transcendental moment he urgency expanded scope The Anthropocene Review 1-18, 2015 The ‘Great Acceleration Graphs’ originally published in 2004 by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) were updated in 2010 to differentiate socio-economic trends between wealthy (OECD) countries, emerging economies, and ‘the rest’.

COURSE ABSTRACT

Designed Ecologies of the City takes a genealogical approach to the emergence of transdisciplinary armatures necessary to bridge ecological theory with contemporary urban discourse. This couse offers a selective survey of landscape architecture and urban planning history and theory; the evolution of hybrid sub-disciplines, complex adaptive systems, and recent scientific shifts in ecosystem ecology; and the modes by which we interpret, communicate, or visualize such interrelationships as heuristics for designing with nature today. {Interdependence, correlation, and interconnection, and adaptation, resilience, and flexibility}

Strong equity isses masked by global aggregates.

Socio-economic and Biophysical factors interact with climate change to produce Global Change.

The Anthropocene Review 1-18, 2015 MANUFACTURED LANDSCAPES 2006

EARTH SYSTEMS

This course does not presuppose advanced knowledge of ecology, or the history of city planning, landscape architecture, architecture, or environmentalism; rather, it will introduce students to a new set of historical precedents and intellectual frameworks sensitive to current and future environmental and urban challenges. Thus, while much of the material covered will be of especial relevance to those interested in urban geography, ecology, city planning, architecture, and landscape architecture, the course content is inherently interdisciplinary, and students involved in the environmental sciences, engineering, economics, sociology and anthropology, and urban and regional policy will also find much to engage.

Concepts include: the emerging field of urban ecology, ecological economics, and ecologically inspired urbanism; resilient urban form and speculative frameworks of design; ecological patterns and processes; urban metabolism; urban regions and ecoregions; and urban effects on climate and ecosystem services.

SUMMER TERM I SEQUENCE

mon11may

Introduction, the Anthropocene

w02

mon18may

Origins

w03

w01

tues26may

Origins

w04

mon01jun

Disciplines

w05

mon08jun

Disciplines

w06

mon15jun

Undisciplined

w07

mon22jun

Undisciplined

w08

mon29jun

Final Exam: Slide Identification, Short Answer, Short Essay

A documentary from filmmaker Jennifer Baichwal and photographer Edward Burtynsky. Another form of anthropogenic modification: landscapes that have been altered by large-scale human activity.

LARC1330 DESIGNED ECOLOGIES OF THE CITY FULFILLS NU CORE REQUIREMENTS THREE AND FIVE {2016}

The New {fall 2016} NU Core Framework ensures a breadth of learning while enhancing curricular flexibility. Students complete ten core requirements. Of these, eight may be completed by courses that fulfill two core requirements. A course that satisfies one or two core requirements may also satisfy a requirement in the major. Courses must address the key elements of the requirement described below and provide students opportunities to achieve the learning goals. Students must earn a C or better in order to fulfill their core requirements.

Interpreting Culture: Students study and analyze cultural practices, artifacts, and texts (e.g., visual art, literature, theatrical performances, musical compositions, architectural structures). They learn critical reading and observation strategies and how traditions of theoretical, aesthetic, and/or literary criticism provide different lenses for the interpretation of cultural objects and practices.

TOPICS

To introduce the holistic, comprehensive, and interlinked nature of the post-1950 changes simultanwously sweeping across the socio-economic and biophysical spheres of the Earth System, encompassing far more than climate change.

To develop a systematic view of human driven changes to the Earth System.

The Great Acceleration in magnitude and rate of the human imprint.

Learning Goals: By the end of the course, students should be able to 1. Recognize and identify a variety of cultural practices and creations, their forms of production, and development over time.

2. Acquire and assess techniques of interpretation (including critical reading and observation techniques), criticism, and analysis of cultural practices, texts, and/or artifacts.

3. Formulate arguments for and against different theories and interpretations of cultural practices, texts, and/or artifacts.

Inquiring Into Society: Students study and practice social science and historical methods of inquiry in order to understand social, political, and economic institutions, structures, and processes.

They learn theories of human social behavior, globalization, social development and change, and civic sustainability, and how those theories are tested and applied.

Learning Goals: By the end of the course, students should be able to 1. Describe current theories about how social, political, and economic institutions and processes work.

2. Explain the historical and cultural contingency of many descriptions and explanations of human behavior and institutions.

3. Evaluate assertions about how social, political, and economic institutions and processes work.

1

Designed Ecologies of the City

1

Designed Ecologies of the City

School of Architecture Northeastern University

EARTH SYSTEMS / WATERMARK

meets instructor

Summer I 2015 MTWR 3:20-5:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

3 School of Architecture Northeastern University

Designed Ecologies of the City

4

ON GENEALOGY / REINTERPRETATION

LARC 1330 DESIGNED ECOLOGIES OF THE CITY term

Designed Ecologies of the City

School of Architecture Northeastern University

LARC 1330 DESIGNED ECOLOGIES OF THE CITY

Four Semester Hours Forsyth 238 Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

term meets instructor

Summer I 2015 MTWR 3:20-5:00 pm Brad Goetz m.goetz@neu.edu 617.373.8208

credits in room for help

Four Semester Hours Forsyth 238 Office Hours 125 Holmes Hall Wed 1:00-3:00 pm And by appointment

A GENEALOGICAL APPROACH WATERMARK 2013

EARTH SYSTEMS

1. Choose a compelling event, phenomenon, or product to address from the documentary: “Watermark” and, or “Manufactured Landscapes” by photographer-filmmaker team Edward Burtynsky and Jennifer Baichwal. As we bracket the Anthropocene via historic precedents, idealogies, organizations of knowledge, and methods of visualization, you are tasked with revealing an emergent form of urbanism and developing the framework with which to ground its discourse.

2. Begin your investigation by deconstructing its socioeconomic1 and biophysical2 underpinnings. Use a genealogical approach to allow for reinterpretation. Deconstruct, reconnect, and then systematize its emergence as a construct of the ‘Great Acceleration’ and trajectory of the Anthropocene.

A. Deconstruct

Physical Dimension {product specifications, materiality, location, climate, landscape, demography, species} Temporal Frequency {tidal, seasonal, daily, duration, migration, change} Spatial Manifestation {emergent patterns over time, aerial, satellite imagery}

B. Reconnect

Socioeconomic Implications Biophysical Implications

C. Systematize

Arrange in or according to a system; reduce to a system3

3. Lecture-Colloquium: Present your genealogy in the form of Power Point or Prezi and lead the class in a robust discussion.

A documentary from filmmakers Jennifer Baichwal and Nick de Pencier, and photographer Edward Burtynsky shows water as a terraforming element and the scale of its reach, as well as the magnitude of our need and use.

SCHEDULE Week

Date

w03

tues26may

Distribute / Discuss Proposals

w04

thur04jun

Draft Submission and Discussion

w05

wed10jun thur11jun

Day 1. Lecture-Colloquium Day 2. Lecture-Colloquium

TOPICS

To introduce the holistic, comprehensive, and interlinked nature of the post-1950 changes simultanwously sweeping across the socio-economic and biophysical spheres of the Earth System, encompassing far more than climate change.

To generate a better understanding of the structure and functioning of the Earth System as a whole.

Expose the increasing human pressure on the Earth System.

To develop a systematic view of human driven changes to the Earth System.

To put forward a holistic understanding of the nature of modern societies, including mentality, behavior, and structure.

The Great Acceleration in magnitude and rate of the human imprint.

1 Socioeconomics {or social economics} is the social science that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped by social processes. In general it analyzes how societies progress, stagnate, or regress because of their local, regional, or the global economy. Socioeconomics emphasizes multidisciplinary methods from such fields as sociology, history, and political science. Socioeconomics studies the reciprocal relationship between economic science, social philosophy, ethics, and human dignity; towards a goal of social reconstruction and improvement; focusing on the social impact of economic change. Causes of socioeconomic impact include: new technologies, changes in laws, changes in the physical environment, and ecological changes; social impact of economic change includes: patterns of consumption , the distribution of incomes and wealth, the way in which people behave (in terms of purchase decisions and how they choose to spend their time), and overall quality of life.

2 The physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism. In other contexts environment may also be used to refer to the immediate surroundings, to a milieu or to the environs within a system or topic. The biophysical environment is all that is contained in the biosphere, which is that part of the Earth in which all life occurs.

Ecosystems, of which there are numerous types and are a defined part of the biosphere, collectively make up the whole of the biosphere. Within an ecosystem there are habitats in which an organism (including humans) exists. The biophysical environment can vary in scale from microscopic to global in extent and can also be subdivided according to its attributes such as the marine environment, the atmospheric environment and the terrestrial environment. Environmental science is the study of the interactions within the biophysical environment. Environmental Science is the study of interactions within the biophysical environment. Ecology is a sub-discipline of biology and a part of environmental sciences.

3 Oxford English Dictionary describes a system as: A set or assemblage of things connected, associated, or interdependent, so as to form a complex unity; a whole composed of parts in orderly arrangement according to some scheme or plan.

Designed Ecologies of the City

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Designed Ecologies of the City

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