(ENG) ARK HANDBOOK - Dewatering machine Screw press (2014)

www.ar-korea.com

Technological Support Department, Design Team

ARK HANDBOOK

ARK HANDBOOK Guide on Multi-Disk Concentration & Dewatering Machine

ARK HANDBOOK Guide on Multi-Disk Concentration & Dewatering Machine

Technological Support Department, Design Team

Guide on Multi-Disk Concentration & Dewatering Machine

135-937, 11st fl. Mijin Building, 111 Dogok-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul TEL.+82-2-551-5151 FAX.+82-2-551-9955

e-mail.sludge21@korea.com

www.ar-korea.com

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Guide on Multi-Disk Concentration & Dewatering Machine

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2014 ARK HANDBOOK Guide on Multi-Disk Concentration & Dewatering Machine

First Published_ 1st issued 2014. 8. 26.

Author_ Sang-hun Hong et al Publisher_ Technological Support Department, Design Team Editorial Design_ NCM Design Address_ 135-937, 11st fl. Mijin Building, 111 Dogok-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul Tel._ +82-2-551-5151 Fax._ +82-2-551-9955 ⓒ ARK. Co. Ltd. 2014, Printed in Korea

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2014 ARK HANDBOOK Guide on Multi-Disk Concentration & Dewatering Machine

○ Publisher

06

○ Table of Contents

08

○ Chapter 1 Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

15

○ Chapter 2 Sewage Treatment Method and Sludge Properties

35

○ Chapter 3 Selection of Type of ARK Dewatering Machine

41

○ Chapter 4 Utility

57

○ Chapter 5 Drawing

75

○ Chapter 6 References

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Pulisher

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About ARK Multi-Disk Concentrator/Dewatering Machine The objective of handbook is to help the customers to understand ARK dewatering machine and to pursue a selection of appropriate dewatering machine. The contents in this handbook may differ by different experiences and the opinions on it may vary by different thoughts. Yet, please keep in mind that use of such information is for the ARK concentrator/dewatering machine produced by this company.

In this booklet, firstly, the general flocculation properties of sludge and optimal blending of polymer and sludge for dehydration are described. Secondly, the throughput and moist content for running ARK dewatering machine is suggested based on the experiences of ARK and a rough design diagram for understanding and designing of the selected dewatering machine is provided. The design diagram is recorded in every details that an actual machine could be produced based on it. Lastly, the utilities required in using the dewatering machine is described.

Yet, the contents regarding utilities may be altered depending on the conditions.

Although the booklet is considered to be containing flaws since it is my first challenge in writing, please use this handbook to design and select machines and feel free to contact us at any time through the company E-mail for inquiries.

August 2014 CEO Sang-hun Hong Technological Support Department, Design Team

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1. Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

1-1 Sewage and waste water treatment process and sludge treatment process

16

1-1-1 Sewage and waste water treatment process

16

1) Sewage treatment process 2) waste water treatment process

16 17

1-1-2 Sludge purification process

18

1) Sludge Occurrence 2) Sludge treatment process

18 18

1-2 Sludge Flocculation Mechanism and Dehydration

20

1-2-1 Sludge Flocculation Principle

20

1) Sludge Flocculation Principle 2) Step-by-step Mechanism

20 20

1-2-2 Dehydration

22

1) Types of Sludge Moisture 2) Moisture Separation method from the inside of sludge

22 22

1-3 Types and Characteristics of Dewatering Machine

24

1-3-1 Types of Dewatering Machine

24

1) Characteristics of Different Dewatering Machine 2) Advantages and disadvantages of each types

24 24

1-3-2 Structure and Characteristics of ARK Dewatering Machine

26

1) Structure of ARK Dewatering Machine

26 26

2) Characteristics of ARK Dewatering Machine

1-3-3 Comparison between Different Screw Press Dewatering Machines

27

1) Types of Screw Press Dewatering Machine

27

1-3-4 Thinkener

28

1) Technological Principle

28 28 29

2) Inner Structure of Machine 3) Remainning Liquid

2014 ARK HANDBOOK

Guide on Multi-Disk Concentration & Dewatering Machine

1-4 Data Analysis and Understanding for Selection of Dewatering Machine

30

1-4-1 Required Factors for Selection of Dewatering Machine

30

1-4-2 Chemical Injection

31

1) JAR TEST Run

31 32 33

2) Adequate Injection Amount of Inorganic Coagulant 3) Adequate Injection Amount of Macromolecular Coagulant

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2. Sewage Treatment Method and Sludge Properties

35

4. Utility

57

Selection of Sludge Feeding Pump

58

2-1 Sewage Treatment Method

36

Selection of Polymer Feeding Pump

61

2-2 Estimation of Moisture Content by Sludge Properties

38

4-1 Polymer Dissolution Equipment

63

4-1-1 Polymer Dissolution Equipment

63

4-1-2 Selection of Polymer Dissolution Equipment

64

4-1-3 Polymer Dissolution Equipment Design Diagram

64

4-2 Sludge Feeding Pump

65

4-2-1 Types of Sludge Feeding Pump

65

1) Single Level Volute Pump

66 67 67

3. Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

41

2) Pneumatic Diaphragm Pump

3-1 Sludge Treatment Process by Types of ARK Dewatering Machine

42

3) Mono Pump

3-1-1 RT-TYPE

4-2-2 Selection Method of Sludge Supply Pump

68

42

3-1-2 ST-TYPE

43

1) RT-Type 2) ST-Type

68 69

4-3 Polymer Feeding Pump

70

4-3-1 Polymer Feeding Pump

70

4-3-2 Polymer Feeding Pump Selection Method

71

4-4 Selection of Shower System

73

3-2 Selection of Type of ARK Dewatering Machine

44

3-2-1 Selection of TYPE

44

3-2-2 Selection of Sludge Group

44

3-2-3 Calculation of Amount of Solids

46

1) Calculation of Amount of Solids

46

3-2-4 Selection on Type and Capacity by Different VS/TS and Moist Content

47

1) Input Sludge Concentration Below 2.5%

47 50

4-4-1 Shower System Utility

73

2) Input Sludge Concentration Over 2.5%

4-4-2 Washing Amount by Types

74

3-2-5 Example of Type Selection

51 51 54

4-4-3 Design Diagram of Special Shower System

74

1) Calculation of Amount of Solids 2) Input Sludge Concentration Over 2.5%

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5. Drawing

75

Indication of Formats

76

5-1 SC(F&DT)

79

5-1-1 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-101

80

5-1-2 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-102

84

5-1-3 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-201

88

5-1-4 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-202

92

5-1-5 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-203

96

5-1-6 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-204

100

5-1-7 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-401

104

5-1-8 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-402

108

5-1-9 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-403

112

5-1-10 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-601

116

5-1-11 RT-SC(F&DT)-R-602

120

5-1-12 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-101

124

5-1-13 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-102

128

5-1-14 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-201

132

5-1-15 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-202

136

5-1-16 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-203

140

5-1-17 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-204

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5-1-18 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-401

148

5-1-19 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-402

152

5-1-20 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-403

156

5-1-21 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-601

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5-1-22 ST-SC(F&DT)-R-602

164

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Guide on Multi-Disk Concentration & Dewatering Machine

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5-2 EC

169

5-3 SC(DT)

243

5-2-1 RT-EC-R-101

170

5-3-1 ST-SC(DT)-R-101

244

5-2-2 RT-EC-R-102

174

5-3-2 ST-SC(DT)-R-102

248

5-2-3 RT-EC-R-201

178

5-3-3 ST-SC(DT)-R-201

252

5-2-4 RT-EC-R-202

182

5-3-4 RT-SC(DT)-R-202

256

5-2-5 RT-EC-R-203

186

5-3-5 RT-SC(DT)-R-203

260

5-2-6 RT-EC-R-204

190

5-3-6 RT-SC(DT)-R-204

264

5-2-7 RT-EC-R-401

194

5-3-7 ST-SC(DT)-R-101

268

5-2-8 RT-EC-R-402

198

5-3-8 ST-SC(DT)-R-102

272

5-2-9 RT-EC-R-403

202

5-3-9 ST-SC(DT)-R-201

276

5-2-10 ST-EC-R-101

206

5-3-10 ST-SC(DT)-R-202

280

5-2-11 ST-EC-R-102

210

5-3-11 ST-SC(DT)-R-203

284

5-2-12 ST-EC-R-201

214

5-3-12 ST-SC(DT)-R-204

288

5-2-13 ST-EC-R-202

218

5-2-14 ST-EC-R-203

222

5-4 POLYMER DISSOLVING DEVICE

293

5-2-15 ST-EC-R-204

226

5-4-1 APD-1

294

5-2-16 ST-EC-R-401

230

5-4-2 PRITA(single)_CDS-1

295

5-2-17 ST-EC-R-402

234

5-4-3 PRITA(dual)_CDS-2

296

5-2-18 ST-EC-R-403

238

6.REFERENCES

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6-1 ARK DEWATERING MACHINE CATALOG

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6-2 SLUDGE FEEDING PUMP CATALOG

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6-3 POLYMER FEEDING PUMP CATALOG

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2014 Guide on Multi-Disk Concentration & Dewatering Machine

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2014 ARK HANDBOOK

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Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

Sewage/waste water treatment process and sludge treatment process Sludge Flocculation Mechanism and Dehydration Types and Characteristics of Dewatering Machine Data Analysis and Understanding for Selection of Dewatering Machine

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

1-1 Sewage and waste water treatment process and sludge treatment process 1-1-1 Sewage and waste water treatment process 1) Sewage treatment process The most commonly applied water treatment process in the world is the activated sludge process. In a general activated sludge process, waste water from households and factories are decomposed and purified by microorganisms in aeration tank before being discharged through the final settling tank. The surplus sludge is dehydrated after concentration. The general sewage treatment process is as follows.

Households

Aeration Tank

Settling Basin

Water Pump

Final Settling Tank

First Settling Tank

Discharge

① Household : Waste water from each households is sent to the sewage treatment plant through drains. ② Settling Basin : Filters out soil, sand and other various remains that flew in along with sewage. ③ Water Pump : Use a huge pump to transfer sewage for the treatment. ④ First Settling Tank : Settle sewage for a certain amount of time to let it precipitate, and send the supernatant to aeration tank. ⑤ Aeration Tank : Pumps air to sewage and use microorganisms to decompose organic substances for proliferation of microorganisms.

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⑥ Final Settling Tank Settle the active sludge from the aeration tank for a certain period of time to let microorganisms to be precipitated and send the clean water at the top to the water discharge site.

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⑦ Discharge The clean purified water from the sewage treatment plant is discharged to the rivers.

2) Waste water treatment process The waste water differs in the components depending on the types of the work site and sometimes it contains lots of substances that disturbs biological treatment of it. Thus treatment of waste water need to be done after a preprocessing it by the production items and types of raw materials for a safe biological treatment without determents. The preprocessing is done to reduce the pollutants and to get rid of the determents. The purification process is as following.

General waste water

Waste water tank

pH moderation tank Flocculation tank

air

Precipitation tank

Filter tower

Concentration tank Oil water separation tank

containing effluent

Dewatering Machine

Absorption tower Discharge Recycle

Waste oil tank

Waste water collection

AP | Oil water separation tank

Flocculation process

Oil treatment tank

First precipitation tank

Final pH moderation

Biological process

2nd precipitation tank

Discharge purified water

Al and Fe salt coagulants Biological sludge produced

Dehydration of sludge

Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

Chemical sludge produced

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

1-1-2 Sludge treatment process 1) Sludge occurrence Sludge is a precipitation made from sewage or during the waste water treatment process.

It is produced when particulate matters and active micro organisms undergo solid-liquid separation. Sludge can be subdivided into raw sludge, surplus sludge, concentrated sludge, digested sludge, advance treated sludge and chemical sludge. ① Raw sludge includes fine sand, organic substances and floating matters that were not filtered at the settling basin. It is found in the first settling tank after a precipitation or a drift process. ② Surplus sludge is the activated sludge precipitated at the final settling tank that are left over because it is not needed for the aeration tank management. ③ Concentration sludge is produced by reducing the volume of the first and final sludge through concentration. ④ Digested sludge is produced during a purification process in anaerobic or aerobic digestion tank. ⑤ Advanced treated sludge is produced during the T-N or T-P treatment process of the inflow water. It has the same properties with surplus sludge, but has lower density and less precipitation. ⑥ Chemical sludge is produced by condensing and precipitating the waste water using chemicals to allow easier biological treatment. It differs depending on the characteristics of each waste water it originates from.

2) Sludge purification process Before the final disposal, landfill/drying/discharge/incineration, any sludge occurred from sewage and waste water treatment process are dehydrated. The‘dehydration’process is very important for the final disposal since it reduces the volume of sludge. General sludge occurrence and purification process is as following.

Household

Grit chamber

Water pump

First settling tank Raw sludge

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Aeration tank

Final settling tank 2) Surplus sludge / Advance treated sludge

Raw sludge Surplus sludge

Sludge thickener

Advance treated sludge

Digestion tank 3) Concentrated sludge

Final Digested sludge

① Sludge thickener : Use gravity to precipitate sludge during the water purification process to reduce volume and increase concentration. ② Digestion tank : Use anaerobic digestive microorganism to maintain a constant temperature in a closed tank, stir the sludge input and dissemble organic substances to reduce sludge and produce methane. ③ Dewatering machine : Dehydrate sludge to reduce volume and weight and make it into a form of cake for easier transference and disposal. The most important factor in dehydration is the moist content. It indicates the ration of water content in sludge. Below is an equation that shows relationship between moist content and volume.

Volume

Moist content

the disposal cost is reduced.

Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

For example, if the moist contents are W1 = 99% and W2 = 80%, it can be inferred that the ratio of volume is V1/V2 = 20. It indicates that when the moist content is reduced to 80% through dehydration, the volume of sludge will be reduced to 20 times. As a result,

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

1-2 Sludge flocculation mechanism and dehydration 1-2-1 Sludge flocculation principle 1) Sludge flocculation principle During the flocculation process, water and solids in sludge are separated. The process can be largely divided into 1-substance and 2-substance flocculation. In general, 1-substance flocculation is sued, but for the reduction of moist content, 2-substance flocculation is used. Below diagram is an example of a reaction in ARK dewatering machine ST type using 2-substance flocculation. The organic coagulant and macromolecular coagulant are injected in an adequate ratio to separate solid and liquid for dehydration. The following diagram describes the flocculation process.

① STEP 1 : Sludge Adjustment Stage (Strong FLOC produced) ▶ Inject inorganic coagulant to adjust sludge with rapid stirring ⇒ electric neutralization ② STEP 2 : Flocculation and FLOC growth stage with macromolecular coagulant ▶ Inject macromolecular coagulant ⇒ produce large and strong FLOC ③ STEP 3 : Effluent Discharge Stage ▶ FLOC produced in STEP 2 and moisture are separated and effluent is discharged to make the sludge concentration and properties at which the dehydration efficiency is highest.

2) Step-by-Step mechanism

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① STEP 1 : Sludge adjustment stage (strong FLOC produced). Organic sludge in general are negatively charged. Organic sludge are usually hydrophilic and contains lots of moisture. In order to make such sludge into a flocculated FLOC with high density and strength, its charge need to be decreased. Below diagram describes the reduction of an anion due to a cation. The smaller the positively charged reactant, the easier it is

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for reaching the inner sludge and so the reactivity between sludge and cation become higher. Thus, using an organic coagulant, which includes cations, increases the reactivity of macromolecular coagulant.

[Diagram 1] Neutralization model of cationic substance before turning into mucilaginous substance

[STEP 1] Mixing of Organic Coagulant

[STEP 2] Mixing of Macromolecular Coagulant

③ STEP 3 : Effluent Discharging Stage In the flocculating sludge thickener, an adequate control of stirring and the steps 1 and 2 create a huge FLOC. It is developed into a strong and dense FLOC in a sphere shape.

Such FLOC is so dense that it becomes hydrophobic. At this state, if there is a gear to discharge the effluent, which can separate water from sludge, or if the amount of discharged effluent can be controlled, flocculation and concentration will be available in the same tank and the suitable sludge for each dewatering Machine can be supplied.

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

② STEP 2 : Flocculation and FLOC growth stage with macromolecular coagulant.

The neutralized sludge is almost no viscosity, but it exists in a certain state, whereas the flocculated FLOC is not visually observable. So a suitable coagulant is required to produce a large and stable FLOC.

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

1-2-2 Dehydration 1) Types of sudge moisture The distribution pattern of moisture inside sludge consists of free water, pore water, surface water and bonding water. Free water takes up the most of the moisture in sludge and it is evaporated during constant rate dry. Pore water is the moisture in between the molecules inside sludge and is evaporated during the 1st falling rate dry. Surface water is forms a layer on the surfaces of molecules and is evaporated during the 2nd falling rate dry. Bonding water is moisture that is chemically bonded to the molecules and cannot be completely evaporated by drying.

Free water 自由水 Bonding结合水 water

Surface 表面水water Pore water 间隙水

2) Moisture separation method from the inside of sludge The most important aspect in sludge treatment process is removing water from the monomer that consists of solids and water. The form and separation method are described below.

Division

Existence of Water

Separation Method

Pore water

Not directly bonded to solid substances, Cwith external force.

The moist can naturally fall and leave the sludge layer through sand medium and follicular medium, increasing the separation effect with a light vibration and centrifugal force

Capillary bonding water

Capillary action due to surface tension occurs where the aggregate density of particles is high. Water is filled in the net of particles.

Apply an external force like, stronger than the surface tension of capillary water (for example centrifugal force, vacuum pressure and electro osmosis pressure), absorbed out the moist

Surface adhesive water

Colloid in gel or sol form covers the surface of solids and its particles have electrons, making it difficult to be separated by external force like absorption

Not directly bonded to solid substances, Cwith external force.

Internal water

Kept inside the biological cytoplasmic, like protozoan, bacteria and cellulose, in active sludge

Not directly bonded to solid substances, Cwith external force.

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

Only pore water and capillary bonding water can be separated from sludge by mechanical force and surface adhesive water requires electrolyte chemicals, like coagulant, to be separated. For now, heating is the most realistic way to separate internal water. In general moisture content of 95~97% is referred to be concentrated, 65~85% to be dehydrated and below 65% to be dried. A mechanical dewatering machine is a machine that reduces moisture content of sludge to below 85% by applying external force on sludge.

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

1-3 Types and characteristics of dewatering machine 1-3-1 Types of dewatering machine 1) Characteristics of different Dewatering Machines Division

Multi-disk Condensing Dewatering Machine

Centrifugal Dewatering Machine

FLOC is developed by a special stirring. Condenser, which condenses and discharges water from the reactor, and multi-disk consists a cylindrical rib, in which sludge is inserted.

Flocculated sludge is supplied in the rapid spinning body and separate solids and liquids using the centrifugal force.

Belt Press

Diagram

Principle

The input sludge is laminated and compressed to be condensed and dehydrated at the same time. ▶ Integrated condenser

Flocculated sludge is supplied on the belt to be dehydrated by the gravity.

All sunk solids are dehydrated using the difference in rotational speed of a conical crew.

The top and the bottom surfaces are dehydrated by absorption and a pressure is applied to use belts tension for another round of dehydration.

▶ Separate condenser required

▶ Separate condenser required

+ Dewatering Machine

2) Advantages and disadvantages of each types Division

Structure and Component

Multi-disk Condensing Dewatering Machine The structure is very compact and light since a condenser (condensing reaction tank) and a Dewatering Machine is integrated.

There are less supportive devices. Has a closed structure.

Centrifugal Dewatering Machine Separately built and installed from the condensing reaction tank.

The main body is small, but rotates at a highs speed (3,500rpm) with a very high operation load.

There are less supportive devices. Has a closed structure.

Belt Press

Separately built and installed from the condensing reaction tank and has a large size and weight.

There are many supportive devices like washing gears for high-pressure washing water. Has an opened structure.

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Condenser is built-in, which allows better reactions to lower concentrations and its changes, as well as it can lower the moist content.

Advantage

It has a lower maintenance cost since it requires less electricity, chemicals and water. Makes small noises (60db) and almost no vibrations.

Can be installed in large amount. The machine body is small and compact.

Requires less water. Very high using rate in Korea and overseas.

Costs less for installation is washing facilities and others are already built.

Has comparatively less consumption of electricity and chemicals.

Very high using rate in Korea and overseas.

High using rate in Korea and overseas.

Requires a comparatively higher working expenses. It consumes lots of electricity (over 1.5%) and chemicals.

Requires supportive facilities like washing facility. Has lots of water usage.

Makes loud noises and vibrations. A regular replacement of screw is required.

Electricity consumption is comparatively lower, but makes loud noises. A regular replacement of belt is required and it costs a lot.

Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

Disadvantage

Although it is used a lot in middle-small scales, but not as much in a large scaled sewage treatment plants with working rate of 200,000 ton/day or higher.

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

1-3-2 Structure and characteristics of ARK dewatering machine 1) Structure of ARK dewatering machine

The sludge inserted through the input of multi-disk screw is dehydrated as the filtrates are emitted. Pitch of the screw narrows down as it gets closer to the dewatering machine, raising the internal pressure to improve efficiency.

2) Characteristics of ARK dewatering machine Moving disk spacer Moving disk

Fixed disk spacer

Moving shaft Moving disk spacer Fixed disk spacer Fixing axis

Fixed disk

Moving disk

Moving disk

❶ Gaps between screw pitches narrows down - Structured to apply maximum pressure during dehydration

❷ Moving disk + fixed disk are overlapped - Forms a screen

Distance in between the disks are kept constant ❸ Moving bar drives to the sideways - No friction between screw and floating ring - Adhesive sludge is removable

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1-3-3 Comparison between different screw press dewatering machines 1) Types of screw press dewatering machine Division

ARK

Producer O

Producer A

Diagram

Common Principle

Fixed and moving plates are alternatively overlapped to form a cylinder and drive the moving plate about the fixed plate to prevent blocking of dehydrating pores with effluent leaked from the gaps.

Screw Moving

Screw shaft

Screw

Moving Plate Fixed Plate

Screw Shaft

Sleave Pipe Cam shatt Cam shatt

Fixed Plate Fixed Plate

Moving Plate Moving disk-bar connection CAM axis

Driving Principles of Moving Plate

Driving axis Driving BAR Main axis CAM Vertical motion axis

Advantage

Moving disk is driven by an up and down motion of connecting bar that is fixed at the bottom of the ring.

Moving disk is not abraded, so there is no fall of efficiency even after a long time use.

No separate device to drive the moving disk is required.

Effective for lower concentrations. (Built-in condenser)

Disadvantage

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Separate device to drive the moving disk is required.

Moving disk is not locked in and is driven by a screw motion in the rotating direction of the screw.

Separate device to drive the moving disk is required.

Fall of efficiency occurs after a short time of driving due to the friction between floating and fixed disk

Fall of efficiency occurs after a short time of driving due to the abrasion by the friction between screw and moving disk.

Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

Moving disk is driven from an arc motion to sideways motion by the connecting bar that is fixed between the top and the bottom of the ring through central axis.

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

1-3-4 Thinkener 1) Technological principle Sludge flows into the bottom of the concentrator, is mixed with polymer and poly-iron, is transferred to the upper part and is separated to flocs and concentrated wastes.

Flocs are developed into a larger and harder flocs by a vortex of upper impeller to form a concentrated sludge. The waste liquid discharger at the center of concentrator emits the wastes, separated from the flocs, through the waste liquid output and the concentrated sludge is transferred to screw.

2) Inner structure of machine

Disk-type Thickener Sludge enters from the bottom of the thickener, bonds with coagulants to form flocs.

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3) Remainning liquid The liquid remains discharger inside a concentrator consists of moving disks, fixed disks and a moving bar. In between the disks, there are washers, through which the concentrated liquid remains is discharged, leaving the concentrated sludge inside the concentrator.

Then, the concentrated sludge is sent to a multi-disk screw for a final dehydration.

Moving BAR

Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

Moving bar drives the moving disks and discharges any sludge adhering to the moving disk surfaces. It prevents blocking of the gaps in between the rings.

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

1-4 Data analysis and understanding for selection of dewatering machine 1-4-1 Required factors for selection of dewatering machine 1) Mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS) The liquid remains discharger inside a concentrator consists of moving disks, fixed disks and a moving bar. In between the disks, there are washers, through which the concentrated liquid remains is discharged, leaving the concentrated sludge inside the concentrator.

Then, the concentrated sludge is sent to a multi-disk screw for a final dehydration.

2) Suspended solids (SS) Suspended solids are small particles that suspended in water.

3) Total solids (TS) Total solid is also called the evaporation residue, which is the remainder after all moisture is evaporated at 105~110℃. It indicates the total amount of all suspended solids and dissolved solids.

4) Volatile solid (VS) Volatile solids, also known as ignition loss, are the organic substances that are volatilize when total solid is ignited. The VS content of sludge is an important index that affects the moist content in dehydrated cake.

5) Dried solid (DS) When selecting the ARK dewatering machine, the unit for amount of solids is based on the DS. DS is calculated by flux (㎥/hr) × concentration (ppm) = kgDS/hr.

6) Correlation between percentage, ppm and mg/L ① Percentage (%): Percentage is a number or ratio indicated in parts of 100s. Percentage is usually written in‘%’ . For example, 45% and 45/100 means 0.45. ② PPM (parts-per million): ppm is a no dimensional unit that indicates a small value such as mole or mass fraction. Ppm is a number that is irrelevant to the measured unit and it indicates 10-6.

30

③ Example: 1% = 10,000ppm = 10,000mg/L, 0.8% = 8,000ppm = 8,000mg/L

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1-4-2 Chemical injection For a smooth flocculation of sludge, injection of chemical substances are required. The used chemicals are organic coagulant and macromolecular coagulant, and the amounts of injection of each are below.

1) JAR TEST run Before choosing the chemical and calculating its injecting amount, a JAR TEST is required by injecting varying amount of organic and inorganic coagulants to sludge to be dehydrated.

In case of inorganic coagulant, the injection rate at which the T-P removal is the most effective within the range that does not break the floc or surpass the reactive pH of the coagulant need to be found. In case of organic coagulant, the injection rate at which the flocs are hard and the solid removal is the most effective.

- Test example 1

D-No. : Diameter of Floc

Amount of coagulant (ppm)

15

25

25

25

25

Size of floc

D-05

D-06

D-06

D-05

D-04

Note

OK

Fine

Fine

OK

Poor

< D-06 >

< D-06 >

< D-05 >

- Test example 2

D-No. : Diameter of Floc

Amount of coagulant (ppm)

60

60

80

90

Size of floc

D-09

D-09

D-09

D-10

Note

好

好

好

过大

< D-09 >

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< D-04 >

< D-09 >

< D-09 >

< D-10 >

Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

< D-05 >

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Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

2) Adequate injection amount of Inorganic coagulant In order to find the injection amount of inorganic coagulant, the injection rate of the coagulant is recorded at SS concentrations of 10,000mg/L and 7,000mg/L. Jar Test is processed and as the below table and graph show the T-P removal was the most effective at the injection rate of 6~10%.

Surplus Sludge SS ≒ 10,000 mg/L

Surplus Sludge SS ≒ 7,000 mg/L

Inorganic Coagulant Injection Amount (mg/L)

Kg.DS-Compared Inorganic Coagulant Injection Rate (%)

T-P (mg/L)

Inorganic Coagulant Injection Amount (mg/L)

Kg.DS-Compared Inorganic Coagulant Injection Rate (%)

T-P (mg/L)

0

0

11.989

0

0

18.99

0.1

1.5

1.898

0.1

2.1

2.015

0.3

4.4

0.713

0.3

6.2

0.886

0.5

7.3

0.443

0.5

10.4

0.269

0.7

10.2

0.165

0.7

14.5

0.497

0.9

13.1

0.399

0.9

18.6

0.601

1.1

16.0

0.468

1.1

22.8

0.799

1.3

18.9

0.499

1.3

26.9

1.295

1.5

21.8

0.528

1.5

31.1

2.387

1.7

24.7

0.887

1.7

35.2

2.878

1.9

27.6

1.227

1.9

39.4

3.181

2.1

30.5

2.077

2.1

43.5

3.225

2.3

33.4

2.269

2.3

47.6

3.418

2.5

36.3

2.451

2.5

51.8

3.907

2.7

39.2

2.569

2.9

42.1

2.787

3.1

45.0

3.017

3.3

47.9

3.311

3.5

50.8

3.551

High removal rate within the injection rate range of 6~10%.

Injection rate of inorganic coagulants (%)

[ Efficiency of T-P Removal by Injecting Rate of Inorganic Coagulant ]

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3) Adequate injection amount of macromolecular coagulant With the presence of 8% of inorganic coagulant, macromolecular coagulant is injected by 1mls. As a result of bare-eye observation of the JAR test, the floc condition was the best and the removal was the most effective at an injection rate of 0.7%~1.0% for each Kg•DS and this rate had the lowest SS concentration in liquid remains.

Surplus Sludge SS ≒ 7,000 mg/L

Surplus Sludge SS ≒ 7,500 mg/L

Kg.DS-Compared Inorganic Coagulant Injection Rate (%)

Coagulant Injection

Kg.DS-Compared Inorganic Coagulant Injection Rate (%)

Coagulant Injection

0.3

987.5

0.3

951.9

0.4

780.5

0.4

878.5

0.5

360.3

0.5

439.7

0.6

231.7

0.6

249.9

0.7

133.4

0.7

147.1

0.8

84.9

0.8

77.6

0.9

84.7

0.9

77.1

1.0

83.8

1.0

77.4

1.1

84.9

1.1

79.3

1.2

82.5

1.2

80.9

Injection rate (%)

[ Efficiency of Solid Removal by Injecting Rate of Polymer ] ※ The above test may be altered depending on the properties of sludge or type of the chemical, so the right chemical and injection rate must be calculated through the JAR TEST

Part 1 ● Sludge Flocculation and Dehydration

High removal rate within the injection rate of 0.8~1.1%.

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Sewage Treatment Method and Sludge Properties

Sewage Treatment Method Estimation of Moisture Content by Sludge Properties

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Part 2 ● Sewage Treatment Method and Sludge Properties

2-1 Sewage treatment method The history of our sewage treatment plant starts 200 years ago in the Great Britain, of which the technology was transferred in Korea through Japan. The first sewage treatment method in the Great Britain is called an active sludge process, through which organic substances were separated from input sewage at aerobic state using microorganisms in an aeration tank of reactor tank. The sludge treated by such process has comparatively fine precipitability and the concentration is over 10,000mg/L or 1%. Such sludge could be fully dehydrated in a system with polymer coagulant. ARK applies RT type for such sludge with fine precipitability and the below [diagram] describes a dehydration system in a machine that flocculates in a flocculating mix tank in ARK RT.

Non-potable water supply line Poly ferric supply pump Polymer supply pump

Coagulating mix tank

Sludge transferring pump Flux control tank

[RT-TYPE]

Since there are less rain falls and less dense settlements in Europe, the sewage and waste water treating system was not generalized much. However, Japan and Korea has the sewage system of collecting waste and sewage water, so the inflow concentration has increased.

Because of such high concentration, nitrification of sludge at high temperatures in summer occurred, which naturally led to a development of T-N removal process.

Such removal process is done using light nitrifying microorganisms, which lowers the concentration of sludge, causing poor precipitation. It results in the concentration fall down to below 7,000mg/L or 0.7% at which a direct dehydration is difficult. Sometimes it is lowered to below 4,000mg/L, at which a direct dehydration is difficult with belt or centrifugal Dewatering Machine. In order to resolve this problem, sewage treatment plants in Japan and Korea has generalized a dehydration method, in which the concentration is done before the actual dehydration.

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ARK has developed ST System, which concentrates and dehydrates low-concentration sludge at once, without a separate concentrating facility.

Non-potable water supply line

Poly ferric supply pump

Dewatering Machine

Polymer supply pump

Sludge transferring pump

[ST-TYPE]

[Previous Dehydration Method]

[Example of ST-Type Application]

In conclusion, the ARK-RT system can be very effective with sludge with concentration over 1.0% and the ARK-ST system can be very effective with sludge with concentration lower than 1.0%.

Part 2 ● Sewage Treatment Method and Sludge Properties

Furthermore, such ST-Type dehydrates at a low concentration of surplus sludge at about 2,000mg/L directly in an aeration tank to pursue an automatic dehydration system. As a result of removing concentrating tank, recycling facility and odor removing facility, the construction cost is reduced.

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Part 2 ● Sewage Treatment Method and Sludge Properties

2-2 Estimated moisture content by sludge properties The sludge moist content is a % ratio of water and solids. If a 20㎥ of 1% sludge is dehydrated, the calculation is as following.

DS = Q x C x 10-3 DS(Dry Solid) = Amount of solids(kg•DS/day) Q = flux(㎥/day) C = concentration(mg/L) Unit : 1% Concentration = 10,000 mg/L

DS = 20㎥/day x 10,000mg/L x 10-3 = 200kg DS/day The value of amount of solid as calculated with above equation is 200kgDS/day and it never changes. The suitable amount of cake for this amount can be calculated with below equation.

100

Amount of cake(kg/day) = DS(Amount of solids, kgDS/day) x

100-Moist content(%) Below is a table of amount of sludge cake occurring at each moist content rate. It can be inferred from the table that in the dehydration process, the amount of sludge 케익 decreases in volume as the moist content rate decreases.

Moisture contents

99%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%.

Dry solid (kgDS/day)

200

200

200

200

200

200

Water amount (kg)

19,800

1,800

800

467

300

200

Cake amount (kg/day)

20,000

2,000

1,000

667

500

400

※ The amount of cake is sum of the amount of solid and water. [ Change of Amount of Cake for Varying Moist Content ]

38

Like so, the moist content is an important factor that depends the function of the Dewatering Machine, so it is extremely important to consider it when selecting or comparing the Dewatering Machines.

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However, the moist content is not only determined by the function of Dewatering Machine, but also by sludge properties, polymer function and maintenance conditions. Thus, estimating moist is a very difficult stage. Since moist content differs largely depending on sludge properties, it is reasonable to consider it when estimating the moist content.

Industry

Moist (%)

W.b Fuel

Humid Dry higher lower heating values heating valu Tapped Tapped Ash Density Desity desity density (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg)

D.B

Ash

Fuel

Humidity(kg/L)

Dryness(kg/L)

Foods

73.83 21.56 4.62 77.96 22.04

1.07

1.13

0.34

0.40

3598

413

Fabric clothing

65.94 20.27 13.8 59.69 40.31

0.81

0.92

0.6

0.67

3609

743

Wooden paper

76.98

18.5 43.28 56.72

0.88

0.89

0.35

0.36

956

-280

Petrochemistry

72.59 18.51 8.91 65.35 34.65

0.71

0.74

0.45

0.53

4854

843

Petrochemistry

49.47 37.83 12.71 75.4

24.6

0.86

0.97

0.46

0.53

3953

1662

(process sludge)

6.44

Steel

71.92

5.81 22.27 20.99 79.01

0.88

1.0

0.37

0.44

72

-454

Steel

31.83 21.85 46.32 33.43 66.57

1.68

1.85

1.06

1.16

64

-220

74.98

4.76 20.25 18.86 81.14

0.97

1.09

0.71

0.78

197

-433

83.20 11.54 5.26 67.99 32.01

0.90

0.95

0.63

0.67

1238

-71

(process sludge)

Electronics General waste water treatment plant

Solid Concentration (%)

VS/TS

Moist Content of Cake (%)

Gray, viscous and has bad odor.

1.0 ~ 10.0

0.60 ~ 0.75

72 - 78

Brown, has soil-like odor and is dehydrated alone or mixed with raw sludge.

0.5 ~ 2.5

0.65 ~ 0.85

77 - 82

Mixed Sludge

Created by mixing raw and surplus sludge in a distribution tank before concentrating.

0.5 ~ 1.5

0.65 ~ 0.80

75 - 80

Concentrated Sludge

Precipitated sludge of raw, surplus and mixed sludge in sludge thickener.

2.0 ~ 8.0

0.65 ~ 0.80

75 - 80

Concentrated and broken down sludge (mostly anaerobic) through anaerobic or aerobic digestion.

Has dark or black brown color and contains lots of gas.

1.5 ~ 7.0

0.40 ~ 0.80

70 - 82

0.6 ~ 1.0

0.75 ~ 0.90

78 - 82

Sludge Type Raw Sludge Surplus Sludge

Digested Sludge

Advance Processed Sludge

Characteristics

Has the same properties as surplus sludge, but has lower density and precipitability.

SVI of active sludge is about 150-200 and that of advance processed sludge is about 50-150.

[ Categorization by properties of Sewage Sludge ]

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Part 2 ● Sewage Treatment Method and Sludge Properties

[ Categorization by Sludge Properties and Matching Industries ]

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Part 2 ● Sewage Treatment Method and Sludge Properties

Meanwhile, there are many processed and detailed researches on the moist content of cake for sewage treatment plants. As the above table shows, the more inorganic substances there are in sludge, the lower the moist content gets. But even if there are many inorganic substances, the moist content may vary depending on many factors like collide substances.

According to the experiences of ARK, it is determined to be reasonable to estimate the moist content of cake based on inorganic substances, so in order to further subdivide moist content estimation for the sludge in sewage treatment plants, the following graph is made.

含水率(%) Moist content (%) [ Change in Moist Content by VS/TS ]

Above graph shows the correlation between moist content and organic substances (VS).

As already mentioned, many factors need to be considered for the moist content, so it could be difficult to estimate based only on organic substances (VS). Above graph has the significance in roughly estimating the moist content of cake using the correlation between organic substances and moist content. It can be inferred from above graph that as the percentage of organic substances (VS) is larger than that of total solids (TS), the moist content of cake is higher. This is because the ratio of internal water of sludge, which is physically inseparable, is increased as the VS content increases. Above graph only applies to some general sewage within the range of BOD of 80~200mg/L and SS of 80~200mg/L. In case of separated system, the VS/TS ratio is about 80~85% and for combined system the ratio is comparatively low because inflow of sand and other substances raise the inorganic matter content.

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Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

Sludge Treatment Process by Types of ARK Dewatering Machine Selection of Type of ARK Dewatering Machine

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Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

In selecting a Dewatering Machine, the amount of solids is one of the most important factors.

The unit for the amount of solids is kg•DS/hr, of which DS is short for dried solids. The amount of solids is calculated by multiplying the flux and concentration if sludge input using the below method. According to concentration of input sludge, RT type and ST type may be selected and according to the amount of solids, Dewatering Machine type may be selected.

3-1 Sludge treatment process by types of ARK dewatering machine As mentioned in <2-1>, sludge concentration of over 1.0% is suitable for RT-TYPE and below 1% is suitable for ST-TYPE.

3-1-1 RT-TYPE The RT-Type, suitable for highly concentrated sludge, has structure and principle in two large parts: flocculating mix tank and dehydration gear. As in [Diagram 1], sludge is transferred from recycling facility to flocculating mix tank input through pipes ([Diagram 1] -①) by the transferring pump. The only a certain amount of the sludge is sent to Part 2 and the remains are U-turned to the plant through the pipes ([Diagram 1]-②).

In Part 2, as [Diagram 1] shows, a certain amount of polymer, transferred through pipes ([Diagram]-③) by polymer pump and sludge, transferred into the lower flocculating mix tank are stirred by the mixer at the upper part of the flocculating mix tank. Then the sludge that was brought into lower flocculation mix tank is separated into flocs and liquid remains by polymer action. Then it finally enters the dewatering machine through an input pipe ([Diagram 1]-⑤).

Non-potable water supply line Poly ferric supply pump Polymer supply pump

Coagulating mix tank

Note : Poly iron supply equipment may be excluded depending on the property of input sludge

Dewatering Machine

Sludge transferring pump Flux control tank

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Container

[ Diagram 1] RT-Type

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3-1-2 ST-TYPE The ST-Type, suitable for sludge with low concentrations, consists of a thickener and a dewatering machine. The machine first concentrates the input sludge at thickener and send it to the dewatering machine. As below diagram shows, sludge is sent from recycling facility to lower part of the thickener through transferring pipes ([Diagram 2]-①). Then it is mixed with chemicals by an impeller at the bottom and is gradually sent to upper part. Meanwhile, the sludge is separated into flocs and liquid remains, creating hard and large flocs and develops it at the same time ([Diagram 2]-②). The impeller at the top of thickener creates a spiral that enlarges the flocs ([Diagram 2]-③). The liquid remains discharger at the upper center of the thickener discharges the liquid remains, separated from flocs, through the waste output to the plant ([Diagram 2]-④). The concentrated sludge is supplied to dewatering machine ([Diagram 2]-⑤).

Non-potable water 水供应线 supply line

Poly ferric supply

无机絮凝剂供应泵 pump

Thickener 浓缩设备

Note : 絮凝剂供应设备是按照 Poly iron supply 污泥的性质安排及设置 equipment may be excluded depending on the property of input sludge

Dewatering Machine 脱水设备

Polymer supply 絮凝剂供应泵 pump

Sludge transferring 污泥移送泵 pump Flux control 调节池tank

货箱 Container

Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

[ Diagram 2 ] ST-Type

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Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

3-2 Selection of type of ARK dDewatering machine The below method is only applicable for input sludge with concentration lower than 2.5%. For sludge with higher concentration, refer to the table in attachment for dewatering machine selection.

3-2-1 Selection of TYPE - Sludge concentration lower than 10,000mg/L (1%): select ST-TYPE - Sludge concentration over 10,000mg/L (1%): select RT-TYPE

3-2-2 Selection of sludge group Since the functional ability of dewatering machine varies with the properties of sludge, a suitable sludge group for each plant need to be selected according to the below graph and explanation.

含水率(%) Moist content (%) [ Change in Moist Content by VS/TS ]

① Group a (VS/TS over 85%) - Examples: Food sludge, milk processing sludge, paint factory sludge (viscous Sludge) - Sludge with VS/TS ratio over 85% contains lots of organic substances and it difficult to mechanically dehydrate. A preconditioning or chemical use is required for a smooth dehydration.

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② Group A (VS/TS of 60~85%) - Examples: Sewage sludge (surplus sludge, raw sludge, digested sludge), agricultural - Applies to general sewage sludge with VS/TS ratio within the range of 60%~85%. –If VS/TS ratio is unknown, generally, the VS/TS ratio of sewage sludge is assumed to be 70~75%. ③ Group C (VS/TS below 60%) - Examples : paper sludge, plating sludge, chemical pressure flotation Sludge, oil sludge, palm oil Sludge and other types of sludge with VS/TS ratio lower than 60%.

- According to the properties of waste water purification process, physical and chemical processing are used more than biological process, so there is a huge inorganic substance content. ④ Group D - Examples: advance processed Sludge - Any sludge that has BOD of input water over 150mg/L and is produced by long-term aeration, like A2O, AO and SBR, or T-N removal is considered to be in group D.

Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

④ Group E - Any sludge with BOD of input water below 100mg/L and VS/TS ratio of 70% is considered to be in group E.

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Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

3-2-3 Calculation of amount of solids 1) Calculation of amount of solids In selection of machine type, the most important factor is the amount of solids. It can be calculated by multiplying the flux and concentration and the result is referred to when selecting a suitable machine. Below is an equation for calculating the amount of solids.

Amount of solids(kg•DS/hr) = flux(㎥/hr) × concentration(mg/L) - Example RT-Type

ST-Type

Design Condition

1. Input sludge concentration : 15,000mg/L(1.5%) 2. Input flux : 30㎥/day 3. Dewatering machine run time : 8 hr/ day

1. Input sludge concentration : 8,000mg/L(0.8%) 2. Input flux: 20㎥/day 3. Dewatering machine run time : 8 hr/ day

Design Condition

30㎥/day ÷ 8hr/day x 15,000mg/L = 56.25 kgDS/hr

20㎥/day ÷ 8hr/day x 8,000 mg/L = 20kgDS/hr

[ Flux & Concentration Known ]

Design Condition

1. Cake generation amount : 5ton/day = 5,000kg/day 2. Moist content : 80 %

Design Condition

5,000kg/day ÷ 24day/hr × 20/100 = 42kgDS/hr

Note

Calculate the amount of solids when cake generation amount and moist content is known. If the sludge is in group D, select ST-Type and otherwise select RT-Type.

[ Cake Generation Amount & Moist Content Known ]

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3-2-4 Selection on type and capacity by different VS/TS and moist content Capacity of a dewatering machine differs by the VS/TS and moist content. Thus, used the calculated amount of solids as in 3-2-3 to find and apply the right throughput from below for organic substances (VS/TS) and moist content of each sludge group (A, B, C and D) to select the right machine type. (If the amount of solids written in throughput for aim moist content does not match, a higher throughput than the amount solids may be used to select the machine type)

1) Input Sludge Concentration Below 2.5% ① Groups A and D (VS/TS over 85%) : Throughput for each aimed moist content of sludge Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (kgDS/hr)

60%

80%

85%

101

6

8

102

12

16

201

10

13

202

20

26

203

30

39

40

52

401

35

40

402

70

80

403

105

120

601

80

100

602

160

200

204

65%

70%

According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult.

[ Table A-1 ]

75%

Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

TYPE

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Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

② Group B (VS/TS of 60~70%): Throughput for each aimed moist content of sludge Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (kgDS/hr) TYPE

60%

65%

73%

75%

80%

85%

101

6

8

10

102

12

16

20

201

10

13

15

202

20

26

30

30

39

45

40

52

60

401

35

40

47

402

70

80

94

403

105

120

141

601

80

100

120

602

160

200

240

203 204

According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult.

[ Table B-1 ]

③ Group B (VS/TS of 70~80%) : Throughput for each aimed moist content of sludge Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (kgDS/hr) TYPE

60%

65%

70%

77%

80%

85%

101

6

7

9

102

12

14

18

201

10

12

14

202

20

24

28

30

36

42

40

48

56

401

35

38

42

402

70

76

84

403

105

114

126

601

80

90

105

602

160

180

210

203 204

According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult.

[ Table B-2 ]

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④ Group C (VS/TS Below 60%): Throughput for each aimed moist content of sludge According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult TYPE

55%

60%

67%

73%

75%

80%

101

6

8

10

102

12

16

20

201

10

14

17

202

20

28

34

30

42

51

40

57

68

401

35

45

50

402

70

90

100

403

105

135

150

601

80

120

140

602

160

240

280

203 204

According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult

Part 3 ● 挑选ARK脱水机型号

[ Table C-2 ]

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Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

2) Input sludge concentration over 2.5% If the input sludge concentration is over 2.5% as below, the RT-Type is more suitable. Yet, for high-concentrations, refer to group C when calculating the amount of solids and refer to below table when considering only the estimated flux.

- Calculating the Amount of Solids RT-Type

Design Conditions

Input sludge concentration : 25,000 mg/L (2.5%) 2. Input flux: 20 ㎥/day 3.

Dewatering Machine run time : 8 hr/day

Design Calculation

20㎥/day ÷ 8 hr/day x 25,000mg/L = 62.5 kgDS/hr

[ Flux & Concentration Known ]

- Estimation of Flux Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (㎥/hr) TYPE

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

101

0.25

0.3

0.35

102

0.5

0.6

0.7

201

0.5

0.6

0.7

202

1

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.8

2.1

2

2.4

2.8

401

2.6

3

3.5

402

5.2

6

7

403

7.5

9

11

601

5

6

8

602

10

12

16

203 204

According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult.

[ Table D-1 ]

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3-2-5 Examples of selection of type 1) Calculation of amount of solids

◎ RT-Type ① Design Condition - Input Sludge Concentration : 15,000mg/L (1.5%) - Input Flux : 30㎥/day - Dewatering machine Run Time : 8hr/day - Amount of Solids : 30(㎥/day) ÷ 8(hr/day) × 15,000mg/L = 56.25kgDS/hr ② Type by Areas - Group a (VS/TS over 85% and aimed moist content of 80%) Refer to [Table A-1] to select a type that is suitable for 56.25kgDS/hr of solids.

Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (kgDS/hr) TYPE

60%

80%

85%

101

6

8

102

12

16

201

10

13

202

20

26

203

30

39

40

52

401

35

40

402

70

80

403

105

120

601

80

100

602

160

200

204

65%

70%

According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult.

75%

According to the table above, the suitable type for 56.25kgDS/hr of solids is 402.

(Selecting a product by the throughput that exceeds the amount of solids) For RT402 Type, the amount of solids increase to 80kgDS/hr if the aimed moist content is maintained at 85%, but the high moist content also increases the cake generation amount.

Part 3 ● 挑选ARK脱水机型号

[ Table A-1 ]

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Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

- Group B (VS/TS of 80% and aimed moist content of 80%) Refer to [Table B-3] and select a suitable type for 56.25kgDS/hr of solids.

Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (kgDS/hr) TYPE

60%

78%

80%

85%

101

6

7

9

102

12

14

18

201

10

12

15

202

20

24

30

203

30

36

45

40

48

60

401

35

38

42

402

70

76

84

403

105

114

126

601

80

100

120

602

160

200

240

204

65%

70%

According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult.

[ Table B-3 ]

According to the table above, the suitable type for 56.25kgDS/hr of solids is 402. For RT-402 Type, the amount of solids increase to 84kgDS/hr if the aimed moist content is maintained at 85%, but the high moist content also increases the 케익 generation amount.

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- Group C (VS/TS below 60% and aimed moist content of 75%) Refer to [Table C-2] to select a suitable type for 56.25kgDS/hr of solids.

Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (kgDS/hr) TYPE

55%

67%

73%

75%

80%

101

6

7

8

10

102

12

14

16

20

201

10

12

14

17

202

20

24

28

34

203

30

36

42

51

40

48

57

68

401

35

40

45

50

402

70

80

90

100

403

105

120

135

150

601

80

100

120

140

602

160

200

240

280

204

60%

Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (kgDS/hr)

[ Table C-2 ]

Part 3 ● 挑选ARK脱水机型号

According to the table above, the suitable type for 56.25kgDS/hr of solids is 204. For RT-402 Type, the amount of solids increase to 68kgDS/hr if the aimed moist content is maintained at 85%, but the high moist content also increases the cake generation amount.

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Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

2) Input Sludge concentration over 2.5%

◎ Since the input sludge concentration is over 1%, RT-Type may be selected.

◎ Examples ① Design Conditions - Input Sludge Concentration : 25,000mg/L (2.5%) - Input Flux : 20㎥/day(20㎥/day ÷ 8hr/day = 2.5㎥/hr) - Dewatering machine Run Time : 8hr/day - Amount of Solids : 20(㎥/day) ÷ 8(hr/day) × 25,000mg/L = 62.5kgDS/hr ② Example of Type Selection (Aimed moist content of 80%) Refer to [Table C-2] to select a suitable type for 62.5kgDS/hr of solids.

Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (kgDS/hr) TYPE

50%

60%

67%

70%

75%

80%

101

6

7

8

10

102

12

14

16

20

201

10

12

14

17

202

20

24

28

34

30

36

42

51

40

48

57

68

401

35

40

45

50

402

70

80

90

100

403

105

120

135

150

601

80

100

120

140

602

160

200

240

280

203 204

According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult.

[ Table C-2 ]

According to the table above, the suitable type for 62.5kgDS/hr of solids is 204. For RT-402 Type, if the aimed moist content is maintained at 75%, a certain amount of cake is generated, but the solid throughput decreases to 57kgDS/hr.

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Refer to below table to select a suitable type for flux of 2.5㎥/hr.

Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (㎥/hr) TYPE

60%

75%

80%

85%

101

0.25

0.3

0.35

102

0.5

0.6

0.7

201

0.5

0.6

0.7

202

1

1.2

1.4

203

1.5

1.8

2.1

2

2.4

2.8

401

2.6

3

3.5

402

5.2

6

7

403

7.5

9

11

601

5

6

8

602

10

12

16

204

65%

70%

According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult.

[ Table D-1 ]

Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

According to the table above, the suitable type for flux of 2.5㎥/hr is 401 Type. 204 and 402 types are suitable for the solid throughput per unit time and 401 type is suitable for flux, so select 401 type for competitiveness and select 402 Type for working allowance.

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Part 3 ● Selection of ARK Dewatering Machine

◎ ST-Type (Recommended for 10,000mg/L and Below) ① Design condition - Input Sludge Concentration : 8,000mg/L (0.8%) - Input Flux : 20㎥/day - Dewatering machine Run Time: 8hr/day - Amount of Solids : 20(㎥/day) ÷ 8(hr/day) × 8,000mg/L = 20kgDS/hr ② Type selection by groups - Groups A and D (VS/TS over 85% and aimed moist content of 80%) Refer to [Table A-1] and select a suitable type for 20kgDS/hr of solids.

Max. Throughput for Each Aimed Moist Content (kgDS/hr) TYPE

60%

80%

85%

101

6

8

102

12

16

201

10

13

202

20

26

203

30

39

40

52

401

35

40

402

70

80

403

105

120

601

80

100

602

160

200

204

65%

70%

According to the property of the sludge, assurance of the moist content is difficult.

75%

[ Table A-1 ]

According to the table above, the suitable type for 20kgDS/hr of solids is 202. For ST-402 Type, if the aimed moist content is maintained at 85%, the solid throughput increases to 26kgDS/hr, but the cake generation amount also increases.

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Utility

Polymer Dissolution Equipment Sludge Feeding Pump Polymer Feeding Pump Selection of Shower System

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Part 4 ● Utility

Selection of sludge feeding pump ⊙ RT-TYPE(Volute pump recommended) < Volute pump selection > Required supply flux by input sludge concentrations(㎥/hr) Model 1%

2%

3%

4%

RT - 101

0.6 ~ 0.8

0.3 ~ 0.4

0.2 ~ 0.3

0.1 ~ 0.2

RT - 102

1.2 ~ 1.6

0.6 ~ 0.8

0.4 ~ 0.5

0.3 ~ 0.4

RT - 201

1 ~ 1.5

0.5 ~ 0.8

0.3 ~ 0.5

0.3 ~ 0.4

RT - 202

2~3

1 ~ 1.5

0.7 ~ 1

0.5 ~ 0.8

RT - 203

3 ~ 4.5

1.5 ~ 2.3

1 ~ 1.5

0.8 ~ 1.1

RT - 204

4~6

2~3

1.3 ~ 2

1 ~ 1.5

RT - 401

3.5 ~ 4

1.8 ~ 2

1.2 ~ 1.3

0.9 ~ 1

RT - 402

7~8

3.5 ~ 4

2.3 ~ 2.7

1.8 ~ 2

RT - 403

10.5 ~ 12

5.3 ~ 6

3.5 ~ 4

2.6 ~ 3

RT - 601

8 ~ 10

4~5

2.7 ~ 3.3

2 ~ 2.5

RT - 602

16 ~ 20

8 ~ 10

5.3 ~ 6.7

4~5

5040B(0.75,2.8)

 Max. flux : 3㎥/hr

5040B(0.75,2.5)

 Max. flux : 6㎥/hr

5040B(1.5,2)

Pump model (refer to p311)

5040B (0.75, 2.8)

5040B (0.75, 2.5)

5040B(1.5, 2)

 Max. flux : 18㎥/hr

Note

Selection of sludge supply pump depends on the input sludge concentration. Since input sludge concentration varies with the surrounding conditions, its change must be considered in selecting the pump. The pump model is selected based on the input sludge concentration of 2% for RT-Type.

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Selection of sludge feeding pump ⊙ ST-TYPE (Pneumatic diaphragm pump & Mono pump recommended) < Pneumatic diaphragm pump selection > Required supply flux by input sludge concentrations (㎥/hr) Model

Pump model

(refer to p319)

0.6%

0.8%

1%

ST - 101

1 ~ 1.3

0.8 ~ 1

0.6 ~ 0.8

ST - 102

2 ~ 2.7

1.5 ~ 2

1.2 ~ 1.6

ST - 201

1.7 ~ 2.5

1.3 ~ 1.9

1 ~ 1.5

ST - 202

3.3 ~ 5

2.5 ~ 3.8

2~3

ST - 203

5~8

3.8 ~ 5.6

3 ~ 4.5

ST - 204

6.7 ~ 10

5 ~ 7.5

4~6

FAT - 3

ST - 401

5.8 ~ 6.7

4.4 ~ 5

3.5 ~ 4

FAT - 2

ST - 402

11.7 ~ 13.3

8.8 ~ 10

7~8

FAT - 3

ST - 403

17.5 ~ 20

13.1 ~ 15

10.5 ~ 12

ST - 601

13.3 ~ 16.7

10 ~ 12.5

8 ~ 10

ST - 602

26.7 ~ 33.3

20 ~ 25

16 ~ 20

FAT - 1

FAT - 2

FAT - 4

FAT-1

 Max. flux : 2.76㎥/hr

FAT-3

 Max. flux : 11.7㎥/hr

FAT-2

 Max. flux : 7.2㎥/hr

FAT-4

 Max. flux : 34.2㎥/hr

其他

Part 4 ● Utility

Selection of sludge supply pump depends on the input sludge concentration. Since input sludge concentration varies with the surrounding conditions, its change must be considered in selecting the pump. The pump model is selected based on the input sludge concentration of 0.8% for ST-Type.

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Part 4 ● Utility

Selection of sludge feeding pump ⊙ ST-TYPE (Pneumatic diaphragm pump & Mono pump recommended) < Mono pump selection > Required supply flux by input sludge concentrations (㎥/hr) Model

Pump model (refer to p325)

0.6%

0.8%

1%

ST - 101

1 ~ 1.3

0.8 ~ 1

0.6 ~ 0.8

ST - 102

2 ~ 2.7

1.5 ~ 2

1.2 ~ 1.6

ST - 201

1.7 ~ 2.5

1.3 ~ 1.9

1 ~ 1.5

ST - 202

3.3 ~ 5

2.5 ~ 3.8

2~3

ST - 203

5~8

3.8 ~ 5.6

3 ~ 4.5

ST - 204

6.7 ~ 10

5 ~ 7.5

4~6

ST - 401

5.8 ~ 6.7

4.4 ~ 5

3.5 ~ 4

EH - 36

ST - 402

11.7 ~ 13.3

8.8 ~ 10

7~8

EH - 375

ST - 403

17.5 ~ 20

13.1 ~ 15

10.5 ~ 12

EH - 1024

ST - 601

13.3 ~ 16.7

10 ~ 12.5

8 ~ 10

EH - 600

ST - 602

26.7 ~ 33.3

20 ~ 25

16 ~ 20

EH - 1500

EH - 236

EH - 375

Note

EH - 236

 Max. flux : 5㎥/hr

EH - 1024

 Max. flux : 25㎥/hr

EH - 375

 Max. flux : 10㎥/hr

EH - 1500

 Max. flux : 42㎥/hr

EH - 600

 Max. flux : 14㎥/hr

Selection of sludge supply pump depends on the input sludge concentration. Since input sludge concentration varies with the surrounding conditions, its change must be considered in selecting the pump. The pump model is selected based on the input sludge concentration of 0.8% for ST-Type. Control the rotational speed constantly.

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Selection of polymer feeding pump < Polymer feeding pump selection > Max. washing amount (L/hr)

Required

Sludge

machine

supply flux

supply pump

Solid polymer

TYPE

(ml/min)

model

(kg/hr)

RT - 101

600 ~ 800

KD 13H

0.06 - 0.08

0.15 - 0.2

CDS - 1

50

RT - 102

1,200 ~ 1,600

KD 23H

0.12 - 0.16

0.3 - 0.4

CDS - 1

100

RT - 201

1,000 ~ 1,500

KD 23H

0.1 - 0.15

0.25 - 0.375

CDS - 1

50

RT - 202

2,000 ~ 3,000

KD 33L

0.2 - 0.3

0.5 - 0.75

CDS - 1

100

RT - 203

3,000 ~ 4,500

0.3 - 0.45

0.75 - 1.125

CDS - 2

150

RT - 204

4,000 ~ 6,000

0.4 - 0.6

1 - 1.5

CDS - 2

200

RT - 401

3,500 ~ 4,000

0.35 - 0.4

0.875 - 1

APD - 1

50

RT - 402

7,000 ~ 8,000

0.7 - 0.8

1.75 - 2

APD - 1

100

RT - 403

10,500 ~ 12,000

EH - 164

1.05 - 1.2

2.625 - 3

APD - 1

150

RT - 601

8,000 ~ 10,000

EH - 164

0.8 - 1

2 - 2.5

APD - 1

75

RT - 602

16,000 ~ 20,000

EH - 164

1.6 - 2

4-5

APD - 1

150

ST - 101

600 ~ 800

KD 13H

0.06 - 0.08

0.15 - 0.2

CDS - 1

50

ST - 102

1,200 ~ 1,600

KD 23H

0.12 - 0.16

0.3 - 0.4

CDS - 1

100

ST - 201

1,000 ~ 1,500

KD 23H

0.1 - 0.15

0.25 - 0.375

CDS - 1

50

ST - 202

2,000 ~ 3,000

KD 33L

0.2 - 0.3

0.5 - 0.75

CDS - 1

100

ST - 203

3,000 ~ 4,500

0.3 - 0.45

0.75 - 1.125

CDS - 2

150

ST - 204

4,000 ~ 6,000

0.4 - 0.6

1 - 1.5

CDS - 2

200

ST - 401

3,500 ~ 4,000

0.35 - 0.4

0.875 - 1

CDS - 2

100

ST - 402

7,000 ~ 8,000

0.7 - 0.8

1.75 - 2

APD - 1

200

ST - 403

10,500 ~ 12,000

EH - 164

1.05 - 1.2

2.625 - 3

APD - 1

300

ST - 601

8,000 ~ 10,000

EH - 164

0.8 - 1

2 - 2.5

APD - 1

150

ST - 602

16,000 ~ 20,000

EH - 164

1.6 - 2

4-5

APD - 1

300

KD 43L EH - 164 KD 73L EH - 164 KD 43L KD 93M EH - 164

KD 43L EH - 164 KD 73L EH - 164 KD 43L KD 93M EH - 164

Polymer Liquid polymer dissolving facility (Dilute solution 40%) (producer standard) (kg/hr)

※ Sludge Supply Pump Model : ▒ - Refer to P329 / ▒ - Refer to P325

Part 4 ● Utility

Polymer usage

Dewatering

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Part 4 ● Utility

Determination of polymer usage

1. Polymer dosing amount could be different on various sludge flocculation, we can decide proper amount by jar test.

2. Polymer dosing amount was 1% based on the solids.

3. Example on selection 202 model has capacity with 30~40kgDS/hr.

Polymer dosing amount is 1 % on solids so 30~40kgDS/hr X (1/100) = 0.3~0.4kg powder polymer/hr.

Polymer is used as 0.2% diluted condition so as we apply dosing rate and dilution rate, we have 0.3~0.4kg powder polymer/hr ÷ (2/1000) = 150~200L diluted polymer/hr.

As we can covert to, 150~200L diluted polymer/hr ÷ 60 min/hr =2.5~3.3L diluted polymer/min, we use. Therefore, we can select pump with 3.3L/min or higher capacity.

4. Polymer consume amount required polymer amount is the usage as diluted polymer not the pure polymer.

Powder type polymer is better to use as 0.2% of pure polymer with dilution rate of 500 times of polymer amount, emulsion type to use as 40% of pure polymer with dilution rate of 200times of polymer amount.

5. When inlet sludge concentration is above 2% for example, we can select polymer dilution concentration as 0.3% which is higher than 0.2% which is considered as better perform. Generally, low concentration sludge is better to be dilute with 0.2% rate and high concentration sludge with higher than 0.2% rate as matter of dilution.

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▶▷▷ 2014 ARK HAND Book

4-1 Polymer dissolution equipment 4-1-1 Polymer dissolution equipment 1) PRITA A polymer dissolution equipment is an equipment that perfectly dissolves macromolecular coagulants (polymer). For a polymer dissolution equipment,‘PRITA’ , developed by this company, is suitable.‘PRITA’is a product of which the shortcomings like tank corrosion due to oxidation of concentrated polymer, fall of corrosion oxides, blocking of smallcapacity transferring pump due to micro crystals in solution, changes in viscosity due to temperature and drastic changes in mixing ratio due to changes of chemical output from scales of absorbing pipe are complemented.

With a piston action, transference of chemicals in piston capacity and recycling of chemical containers are possible in‘PRITA’ . Also a specially designed chamber supplies air into chemical containers to allow smooth inflow and mixing of the chemicals.

In‘PRITA’ , the chemicals from the upper part of the machine is naturally flown into the internal chamber and a certain amount is injected by the piston type constant injection equipment (an equipment which the injection amount can be varied by changing the moving distance). Also water is injected to a certain level to be mixed with the chemicals inside a separate mixing chamber of PRITA to dissolve the chemicals.

Type

Size

Power

Effective volume

Note

CDS - 1

500 x 500 x 1250(800㎜He)

0.4kw

0.19㎥

1 container of chemical (20L)

CDS - 2

700 x 700 x 1250(800㎜He)

0.4kw

0.375㎥

1 container of chemical (20L)

[ Specifications of PRITA ]

2) Automatic liquid dissolution equipment Size

Power

Effective volume

Note

APD - 1

2,300 x 1,100 x 1,200(1,000㎜He)

3kw

2㎥

Built-in original solution tank

Part 4 ● Utility

Type

[ PRITA ]

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[ Automatic Liquid Dissolution Equipment ]

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Part 4 ● Utility

4-1-2 Selection of polymer dissolution equipment Type

RT-Type

ST-Type

CDS-1

101

102

201

202

101

102

201

202

CDS-2

203

204

401

-

203

204

401

-

APD-1

402

403

601

602

402

403

601

602

[ Selection of Polymer Dissolution Equipment ]

※ The model is exclusively for liquid polymer. ※ For models before 202 apply CDS-1 model and for models after 203 apply CDS-2 model. ※ For models after 402 select an automatic liquid dissolution equipment. ※ For more than one 602 type equipment apply a solid dissolution equipment. (Inquiry required!)

4-1-3 Design diagrams of polymer dissolution equipment

[ CDS - 1 MODEL ]

[ CDS - 2 MODEL ]

[ APD - 1 MODEL ]

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4-2 Sludge feeding pump Unlike other sludge, sewage and waste water sludge require non clog pumps, which prevents blocking due to micro substances including hairs, cigarette ends and strings. For the RTType equipment, when sludge of amount more than the dehydration throughput enters the flocculation/blending chamber, it is returned to the sludge recycling facility through the drain pipes, so a change in flux is allowable. Therefore, considering the economic aspects only, it is better to choose a centrifugal pump for the RT-Type equipment. On the other hand, for ST-Type equipment, all transferred sludge are sent to a thickener, so a pump that keeps the sludge load constant is required. Therefore, it is better to choose a mono pump for the ST-Type equipment.

4-2-1 Types of sludge feeding pump Types

Hard Volute Pump

Pneumatic Diaphragm Pump

Mono Pump

Cheap. No inverter required.

Small driving power.

Less blockings due to foreign substances.

Cheap. No inverter required.

Small driving power.

Under-water pumping possible.

Excellent self-absorbing ability.

No changes in flux.

Disadvantage

Changes in flux.

Changes in flux. AIR equipment required. Blockings due to foreign substances occur.

Expensive. Inverter required.

Large driving power. Blockings due to foreign substances occur.

Applicable Model

RT-TYPE / ST-TYPE

RT-TYPE / ST-TYPE

RT-TYPE / ST-TYPE

Diagram

Advantage

A constant supply of sludge is required for the Dewatering Machine to maintain a fine functional ability. Selection of the right pump must consider the surrounding conditions.

Part 4 ● Utility

Note

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1) Single level volute pump Centrifugal pumps are divided into volute pumps and turbine pumps depending on the existence of turning vanes and are further divided into single and multi-level pumps. Since sludge can cause blocking of pumps, a single level volute pump, which has only one impeller and no turning vanes around it, is used to prevent blocking and make easier low lifting.

As in below [Diagram 1], unlike a turbine pump, a volute pump has no turning vanes so is less likely to be blocked. The screw of a volute pump looks like [Diagram 2]. For an RT-Type that is not affect by changes in flux, a single level volute pump is suitable as a sludge supply pump.

vane

rotor rotor

volute chamber Volute Pump

turning vane

volute chamber Turbine Pump

[ Diagram 1 ] Volute and Turbine Pumps

[ Diagram 2 ] Screw of a Volute Pump

① Principles of Bolt Pumps: In a closed helical case, the rotor is rotated at a high speed, by which a centrifugal force is created to push out water. ② Principles of Turbine Pumps: turning vanes is the most effective in converting the speed of water into a pressure. The water sent from rotor is slowed down by the turning vanes and is converted into effective pressure. Then the water, now high-pressure water, is sent to swirl chamber, where it is discharged and distributed.

[ Diagram 3 ] Hard Volute Pump

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2) Pneumatic diaphragm pump A pneumatic diaphragm pump has no seal or packing, preventing leakage, and has no rotating bodies like impeller, rotor, vane or gear, minimizing abrasions. It has an advantage of an underwater pumping function. Yet, changes in flux occurs and a separate air facility is required.

Discharge

Discharge As inlet A air to supply to B, liquid is discharged.

Diaphragm

Diaphragm

When the diaphragm progresses up to the end As inlet A air to supply to C, liquid is discharged.

Absorption

Absorption

※ Consecutive driving is repetition of and

3) Mono pump

[ Diagram 4 ] Principle of Mono Pump

[ Diagram 5 ] Appearance of a Mono Pump

Part 4 ● Utility

Since the ST-Type transport all sludge from recycling facility to thickener, a pump that can keep sludge load constant is necessary. A mono pump is a rotating positive displacement eccentric screw pump that can continuously transfer a constant amount of sludge, so it is suitable or supplying sludge for ST-Type. The mono pump action is driven by a external screw rotor (metal with round cross-section), being fixed at the center of stator (with oval cross-section), using driving axis and universal joint to rotate and move the inner stator about the eccentric axis of the rotor and transferring the sludge from absorption axis to discharging axis in constant amounts by the infinite piston movement of liquid in the gap between opposite sides.

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4-2-2 Selection method of sludge supply pump 1) RT-Type Capacity Inlet sludge concentration Dry solids amount

Flow rate

[Diagram 6] RT-Type Sludge Supply Pump Selection Graph

TYPE

Required Amount of Required sludge supply flux by input sludge concentrations(㎥/hr) Polymer polymer supply dissolution Solids flux 1.5% 2% 3% 4% equipment (kg·ds/hr) (15,000mg/l)

(20,000mg/l)

(30,000mg/l)

(40,000mg/l)

(ml/min)

RT-101

6~8

0.4 ~ 0.5

0.3 ~ 0.4

0.2 ~ 0.3

0.1 ~ 0.2

600 ~ 800

CDS-1

RT-102

12 ~ 16

0.8 ~ 1.1

0.6 ~ 0.8

0.4 ~ 0.5

0.3 ~ 0.4

1,200 ~ 1,600

CDS-1

RT-201

10 ~ 15

0.7 ~ 1.0

0.5 ~ 0.8

0.3 ~ 0.5

0.3 ~ 0.4

1,000 ~ 1,500

CDS-1

RT-202

20 ~ 30

1.3 ~ 2.0

1.0 ~ 1.5

0.7 ~ 1.0

0.5 ~ 0.8

2,000 ~ 3,000

CDS-1

RT-203

30 ~ 45

2.0 ~ 3.0

1.5 ~ 2.3

1.0 ~ 1.5

0.8 ~ 1.1

3,000 ~ 4,500

CDS-2

RT-204

40 ~ 60

2.7 ~ 4.0

2.0 ~ 3.0

1.3 ~ 2.0

1.0 ~ 1.5

4,000 ~ 6,000

CDS-2

RT-401

35 ~ 40

2.3 ~ 2.7

1.8 ~ 2.0

1.2 ~ 1.3

0.9 ~ 1.0

3,500 ~ 4,000

CDS-2

RT-402

70 ~ 80

4.7 ~ 5.3

3.5 ~ 4.0

2.3 ~ 2.7

1.8 ~ 2.0

7,000 ~ 8,000

APD-1

RT-403 105 ~ 120

7.0 ~ 8.0

5.3 ~ 6.0

3.5 ~ 4.0

2.6 ~ 3.0

10,500 ~ 12,000

APD-1

RT-601

5.3 ~ 6.7

4.0 ~ 5.0

2.7 ~ 3.3

2.0 ~ 2.5

8,000 ~ 10,000

APD-1

10.7 ~ 13.3

8.0 ~ 10.0

5.3 ~ 6.7

4.0 ~ 5.0

16,000 ~ 20,000

APD-1

80 ~ 100

RT-602 160 ~ 200

[ Table 3 ] RT-Type Pump Selection Table

⊙ The required sludge supply flux varies according to the input sludge concentration. Such change can be checked from the graph and the exact flux can be checked from [Table 3]. ⊙ For example, in RT-403 model, a pump need to be selected according to the sludge supply pump catalogue on <6. Reference> for input sludge concentration of 2% and pump flux over 5.3~6㎥/hr. ⊙ Be careful with changes in input sludge concentration in selecting a pump.

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⊙ In order to send a constant flux, the flocculating mix chamber of RT-Type controls the a mount returned from the pump, so a cheap single level bolt pump may be selected.

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2) ST-Type Capacity Inlet sludge concentration Dry solids amount

Flow rate

[Diagram 7] ST-Type Sludge Supply Pump Selection Graph

TYPE

Required Amount Required sludge supply flux by input sludge concentrations(㎥/hr) Polymer polymer supply of Solids dissolution flux 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 1% (kg·ds/hr) equipment (5,000mg/l)

(6,000mg/l)

(7,000mg/l)

(8,000mg/l)

(9,000mg/l) (10,000mg/l)

(ml/min)

ST-101

6~8

1.2 ~ 1.6

1.0 ~ 1.3

0.9 ~ 1.1

0.8 ~ 1.0

0.7 ~ 0.9

0.6 ~ 0.8

600 ~ 800

CDS-1

ST-102

12 ~ 16

2.4 ~ 3.2

2.0 ~ 2.7

1.7 ~ 2.3

1.5 ~ 2.0

1.3 ~ 1.8

1.2 ~ 1.6

1,200 ~ 1,600

CDS-1

ST-201

10 ~ 15

2.0 ~ 3.0

1.7 ~ 2.5

1.4 ~ 2.1

1.3 ~ 1.9

1.1 ~ 1.7

1.0 ~ 1.5

1,000 ~ 1,500

CDS-1

ST-202

20 ~ 30

4.0 ~ 6.0

3.3 ~ 5.0

2.9 ~ 4.3

2.5 ~ 3.8

2.2 ~ 3.3

2.0 ~ 3.0

2,000 ~ 3,000

CDS-1

ST-203

30 ~ 45

6.0 ~ 9.0

5.0 ~ 8.0

4.3 ~ 6.4

3.8 ~ 5.6

3.3 ~ 5.0

3.0 ~ 4.5

3,000 ~ 4,500

CDS-2

ST-204

40 ~ 60

8.0 ~ 12.0

6.7 ~ 1.0

5.7 ~ 8.6

5.0 ~ 7.5

4.4 ~ 6.7

4.0 ~ 6.0

4,000 ~ 6,000

CDS-2

ST-401

35 ~ 40

7.0 ~ 8.0

5.8 ~ 6.7

5.0 ~ 5.7

4.4 ~ 5.0

3.9 ~ 4.4

3.5 ~ 4.0

3,500 ~ 4,000

CDS-2

ST-402

70 ~ 80

14.0 ~ 16.0 11.7 ~ 13.3 10.0 ~ 11.4 8.8 ~ 10.0

7.8 ~ 8.9

7.0 ~ 8.0

7,000 ~ 8,000

APD-1

ST-403 105 ~ 120 21.0 ~ 24.0 17.5 ~ 20.0 15.0 ~ 17.1 13.1 ~ 15.0 11.7 ~ 13.3 10.5 ~ 12.0 10,500 ~ 12,000 80 ~ 100 16.0 ~ 20.0 13.3 ~ 16.7 11.4 ~ 14.3 10.0 ~ 12.5 8.9 ~ 11.1 8.0 ~ 10.0

APD-1

8,000 ~ 10,000

APD-1

ST-602 160 ~ 200 32.0 ~ 40.0 26.7 ~ 33.3 22.9 ~ 28.6 20.0 ~ 25.0 17.8 ~ 22.2 16.0 ~ 20.0 12,000 ~ 16,000

APD-1

ST-601

⊙ The required sludge supply flux varies according to the input sludge concentration. Such change can be checked from the graph and the exact flux can be checked from [Table 4]. ⊙ For example, in RT-403 model, a pump need to be selected according to the sludge supply pump catalogue on <6. References> for input sludge concentration of 0.8% and pump flux over 13.1~15㎥/hr. ⊙ Be careful with changes in input sludge concentration in selecting a pump. ⊙ Since sending a constant flux is very important in ST-Type, a mono pump or pneumatic diaphragm pump may be selected.

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[Table 4] ST-Type Pump Selection Table

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4-3 Polymer feeding pump 4-3-1 Polymer feeding pump For polymer supply, mono, tube or diaphragm pumps are available, but for flux below 5,000ml/min, a cheap diaphragm pump may be applied. For flux over 10,000ml/min, mono pump is cheap and technologically stable, and it can also be used for the flux range of 5,000~10,000ml/min if necessary.

A diaphragm pump uses an elastic polymer (rubber and Teflon) diaphragm. It is for pumping corrosive, toxic and radioactive gas or liquid, so it is suitable for supplying polymer chemicals. Diaphragm reduces the rotation speed of motor with worm and worm wheel, and converts from the rotational motion to an oscillation with eccentric equipment (worm wheel shaft, slider, spring, etc.). Such oscillation changes the capacity of internal pump that is linked with the slider shaft and starts a pump motion by the action of check ball at the pump head. The appearance and cross-sectional diagrams of a diaphragm pump are below.

[Diagram 8] Cross-Sectional Diagram of a Diaphragm Pump

[Diagram 9] Diaphragm Pump

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4-3-2 Polymer feeding pump selection method Dewatering Machine TYPE

Polymer usage Solids

Required supply flux

(kg·ds/hr)

(ml/min)

Pump selection

Solid polymer

Liquid polymer

(kg/hr)

(40% diluted solution) (kg/hr)

RT-101

6~8

600 ~ 800

KD 13H

0.06 - 0.08

0.15 - 0.2

RT-102

12 ~ 16

1,200 ~ 1,600

KD 23H

0.12 - 0.16

0.3 - 0.4

RT-201

10 ~ 15

1,000 ~ 1,500

KD 23H

0.1 - 0.15

0.25 - 0.375

RT-202

20 ~ 30

2,000 ~ 3,000

KD 33L

0.2 - 0.3

0.5 - 0.75

RT-203

30 ~ 45

3,000 ~ 4,500

0.3 - 0.45

0.75 - 1.125

RT-204

40 ~ 60

4,000 ~ 6,000

0.4 - 0.6

1 - 1.5

RT-401

35 ~ 40

3,500 ~ 4,000

0.35 - 0.4

0.875 - 1

RT-402

70 ~ 80

7,000 ~ 8,000

0.7 - 0.8

1.75 - 2

RT-403

105 ~ 120

10,500 ~ 12,000

EH-164

1.05 - 1.2

2.625 - 3

RT-601

80 ~ 100

8,000 ~ 10,000

EH-164

0.8 - 1

2 - 2.5

RT-602

160 ~ 200

16,000 ~ 20,000

EH-164

1.6 - 2

4-5

ST-101

6~8

600 ~ 800

KD 13H

0.06 - 0.08

0.15 - 0.2

ST-102

12 ~ 16

1,200 ~ 1,600

KD 23H

0.12 - 0.16

0.3 - 0.4

ST-201

10 ~ 15

1,000 ~ 1,500

KD 23H

0.1 - 0.15

0.25 - 0.375

ST-202

20 ~ 30

2,000 ~ 3,000

KD 33L

0.2 - 0.3

0.5 - 0.75

ST-203

30 ~ 45

3,000 ~ 4,500

0.3 - 0.45

0.75 - 1.125

ST-204

40 ~ 60

4,000 ~ 6,000

0.4 - 0.6

1 - 1.5

ST-401

35 ~ 40

35,00 ~ 4,000

0.35 - 0.4

0.875 - 1

ST-402

70 ~ 80

7,000 ~ 8,000

0.7 - 0.8

1.75 - 2

ST-403

105 ~ 120

10,500 ~ 12,000

EH-164

1.05 - 1.2

2.625 - 3

ST-601

80 ~ 100

8,000 ~ 10,000

EH-164

0.8 - 1

2 - 2.5

ST-602

160 ~ 200

16,000 ~ 20,000

EH-164

1.6 - 2

4-5

KD 43L EH-164 KD 73L EH-164 KD 43L KD 93M EH-164

KD 43L EH-164 KD 73L EH-164 KD 43L KD 93M EH-164

⊙ The polymer injection rate may change depending on the properties of sludge and the right injection rate may be selected through JAR TEST. (Refer to 1-4 chemical injection rate) ⊙ Selection of polymer pump is done based on injection rate at 1% to solids. ⊙ For example, the required supply flux for RT-203 model is 4,500ml/min and the pump need to be selected according to the polymer supply pump catalogue in <6. References >. In addition, 0.45kg/hr of solid polymer or 1.125kg/hr of liquid polymer is used.

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※ Sludge Supply Pump Model : ▒ - Refer to P329 / ▒ - Refer to P325

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⊙ Polymer must be used as a dilute solution. Solid polymer must be dissolved in a water at 0.2% concentration so 500 of dillusion rate is applied. Liquid polymer is used in 40% dilute solution and 200 of dilution rate is applied. ⊙ Select a pump at an upper level of required supply flux. Yet, set up before use by controlling the flux with a control valve. ⊙ Calculation example) 30kg•DS/hr × 0.01 = 0.3kg/hr (solid) ← 202, 401 Type example 0.3kg/hr ÷ 0.002 = 150kg/hr 150kg/hr × 1/60hr/min × 1.0L/kg × 1,000ml/L = 2,500ml/min considering 20% working allowance 2,500ml/min × 1.2 = 3,000ml/min

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4-4 Selection of shower system Then dewatering machine is running foreign substances may adhere in between the rings.

In order to remove these, the dewatering machine need to be washed. Yet, the washing must be able to be controlled by a timer or manually manipulated valves, and for general types, only wash if sludge is less viscous and appearance is less important, whereas for special types, only wash when sludge is more viscous and appearance is important.

4-4-1 Shower system utility Fixed Washing System

Moving Washing System

Required Utility

urban top water or heavy water ( Pressure : 1kgf/㎠ or lower than urban top water pressure )

urban top water or heavy water (Pressure : 3kgf/㎠) Pressure air (for driving air cylinder)

Type of Valves

Sol valve (Required pressure : 2kgf/㎠)

Sol valve

Note

heavy water and more usable

Blocking of washing nozzle may occur when non-potable water is used

⊙ Ø200 TYPE : fixed ⊙ Ø400, Ø600 TYPE : fixed or moving ⊙ the shower system does not run all-time-around, but is chosen to shower twice every hour for 5 seconds. Yet, the time and period of shower nis set to be able to be changed according to the machine conditions.

Part 4 ● Utility

⊙ The maximum washing amount is calculated. Flux may change greatly according to the pressure condition. For 200 type, atmospheric pressure (1kgf/㎠) and for 400/600 types, high pressure of aboutv 3kgf/㎠ is suitable.

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Drawing

SC(F&DT) EC SC(DT) Polymer Dissolving Device

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Indication of Formats 1) RT-TYPE

l System that flocculates sludge in flocculating mix tank and dehydrate sludge in dehydrator.

2) ST-TYPE

l System with a separate erudition facilities for low-concentrated sludge processing for integrated concentration/dehydration at once.

3) SC(F&DT) Class

l Dehydrator type with a perforating net at the back of dehydrator filter.

Load on the dehydrator is reduced to prevent blockings by sludge.

4) EC Class

l Developed from SC (F&DT) type by reducing the dehydrator body length as an economic Standard type. Has similar efficiency as SC (F&DT) type but comparatively cheap price.

5) SC(DT) Class

l Type of which the filter consists of moving and fixed disks.

TYPE

CLASS

SERIES

SC(F&DT)

R-101 R-201 R-401 R-601

R-102 R-202 R-402 R-602

R-203 R-403

R-204

ST

SC(F&DT)

R-101 R-201 R-401 R-601

R-102 R-202 R-402 R-602

R-203 R-403

R-204

RT

EC

R-101 R-201 R-401

R-102 R-202 R-402

R-203 R-403

R-204

ST

EC

R-101 R-201 R-401

R-102 R-202 R-402

R-203 R-403

R-204

RT

SC(DT)

R-101 R-201

R-102 R-202

R-203

R-204

ST

SC(DT)

R-101 R-201

R-102 R-202

R-203

R-204

RT

TYPE

RT : Regular Type ST : Special Type

CLASS

SC(F&DT) : Special Class(Filter & Disk Type) EC : Economy Class SC(DT) : Special Class(Disk Type) SC(F&DT) 100 / SC(F&DT) 200 / SC(F&DT) 400 / SC(F&DT) 600

SERIES

EC 100 / EC 200 / EC 400 SC(DT) 100 / SC(DT) 200 / SC(DT) 400

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6) Voltage Voltage

Herz

440V

50Hz/60Hz

1

Wire System 3 phases 3 wires

2

3 phases 4 wires

3

3 phases 3 wires 380V

50Hz/60Hz

4

3 phases 4 wires

5

Single phase 3 wires

6

220V

50Hz/60Hz

7

3 phases 3 wires 3 phases 4 wires

110V

8

50Hz/60Hz

Single phase 3 wires

7) Insulation grade of driving motor and access door 8) Option (Others including control panel) 9) Indication example

RT - SC(F&DT) - R - 101 - 2 - 7) - 8) Voltage

Size and number of (101 = Φ100 Type) Type of screws

Part 5 ● Drawing

Type of ARK dehydrator

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5-1 SC(F&DT)

RT-SC(F&DT) ST-SC(F&DT)

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5-2 EC

RT-EC ST-EC

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5-3 SC(DT)

RT-SC(DT) ST-SC(DT)

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5-4 Polymer Dissolving Device

APD-1 PRITA(1hole)_CDS-1 PRITA(dual)_CDS-2

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Part 5 ● Drawing

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REFERENCES

ARK DEWATERING MACHINE CATALOG SLUDGE FEEDING PUMP CATALOG

POLYMER FEEDING PUMP CATALOG

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6-1 ARK DEWATERING MACHINE CATALOG

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300

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301

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302

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303

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Dimension(mm)

TYPE

Length

Electricity(kW)

Height

Width

Thickener Dewatering maching

Weight(kg) Idle

Operation

Remarks

KS-ST 101

RT 101

1,900

1,700

1,130

410

0.4

0.1

400

700

-

KS-ST 102

RT 102

1,900

1,700

1,130

700

0.4

0.1

600

1,000

-

KS-ST 103

RT 103

1,900

1,700

1,130

990

0.4

0.1

800

1,300

-

KS-ST 201

RT 201

2,600

2,050

1,130

490

0.4

0.4

900

2,000

-

KS-ST 202

RT 202

2,600

2,050

1,130

830

0.75

0.8

1,200

2,600

-

KS-ST 203

RT 203

2,750

2,050

1,130

1,170

0.75

1.2

1,500

3,200

-

KS-ST 204

RT 204

2,750

2,050

1,130

1,510

0.75

1.6

2,000

2,800

-

KS-ST 401

RT 401

3,350

3,260

1,630

670

0.75

0.8

1,200

3,600

-

KS-ST 402

RT 402

3,500

3,260

1,630

1,200

0.75

1.6

1,700

4,400

-

KS-ST 403

RT 403

3,800

3,260

1,630

1,730

1.50

2.4

2,200

5,200

-

KS-ST 601

RT 601

4,600

3,870

1,830

990

1.50

1.1

1,800

4,700

-

KS-ST 602

RT 602

4,830

3,870

1,830

1,760

1.50

2.2

2,500

5,700

-

6,800

Negotitation to be requested

KS-ST 603

RT 603

5,100

3,870

1,830

2,530

1.50

3.3

3,300

304

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305

핸드북_ 영문 6장_ 4도.indd 305

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핸드북_ 영문 6장_ 4도.indd 306

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6-2 SLUDGE FEEDING PUMP CATALOG

End Suction Pump

Air Operated Diaphragm Pump Eccentric Helical Rotor Pump

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6-2-1 End Suction Pump

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310

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311

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312

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313

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314

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315

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316

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6-2-2 Air Operated Diaphragm Pump

317

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318

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319

핸드북_ 영문 6장_ 4도.indd 319

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320

핸드북_ 영문 6장_ 4도.indd 320

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321

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6-2-3 Eccentric Helical Rotor Pump

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324

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325

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326

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6-3 POLYMER FEEDING PUMP CATALOG

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328

핸드북_ 영문 6장_ 4도.indd 328

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329

핸드북_ 영문 6장_ 4도.indd 329

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330

핸드북_ 영문 6장_ 4도.indd 330

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331

핸드북_ 영문 6장_ 4도.indd 331

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332

핸드북_ 영문 6장_ 4도.indd 332

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333

핸드북_ 영문 6장_ 4도.indd 333

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Part 4 ● Utility

4-4-2 Washing amount by types Washing Amounts by Types Type

Washing Amount (L/hr)

Type

Washing Amount (L/hr)

RT-101

50

ST-101

50

RT-102

100

ST-102

100

RT-201

50

ST-201

50

RT-202

100

ST-202

100

RT-203

150

ST-203

150

RT-204

200

ST-204

200

RT-401

50

ST-401

100

RT-402

100

ST-402

200

RT-403

150

ST-403

300

RT-601

75

ST-601

150

RT-602

150

ST-602

300

4-3-3 Design diagram of special shower system Shower line

Air silinder

Rail

[ 400P Moving Dewatering Machine Shower System ]

Shower line Rail

74

핸드북_ 영문 1234장_ 4도.indd 74

Air silinder

[ 600P Moving Dewatering Machine Shower System ]

2014-10-29 오전 10:24:39