Mar/Apr 2023

VOLUME 12 ISSUE 2

$5.99 MARCH APRIL 2023 SERVING CONTRACTING FIRMS AND THE ARIZONA COMMUNITY. . . THEN & NOW

FUR COATS, ESCARGOT, AND MARTINIS: NAVARRE’S IN UPTOWN PLAZA ROUTE 66 COMES TO ROOSEVELT ROW: GARFIELD’S LITTLE CHEF DINER THE PHOENIX STEAK HOUSE GRACED BY A LEPRECHAUN: KELLY’S ON CENTRAL PHOENIX’S MEAL ON A WHEEL: THE HYATT’S COMPASS ROOM WOOLDRIDGE MANUFACTURING: SILICON VALLEY-BRED SCRAPERS CATERPILLAR’S SUPERSIZED BLADES: THE BALDERSON BOWLDOZER

Arizona’s Arizona’s Timeless Timeless Magazine Magazine

JOHN SING TANG’S BOLD, GEOMETRIC GOOGIE-STYLE ARCHITECTURE

MEDIEVAL DINING AT ROBERT GOSNELL SR.’S GREEN GABLES I-10 BROADWAY WORK “CURVES” INTO SECOND OF FOUR PHASES

McCARTHY PROVIDES SHELTER TO GATEWAY AIRPORT PASSENGERS

CHAFEE’S MODERNIST HOME DECLARED TUCSON LANDMARK

AZAGC’S AMANDA McGENNIS RETIRES AFTER LONG CAREER

COLUMNS MADE EASY: REUSABLE CONCRETE FORMS

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18.00'

427.00'

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FAVORITE AZ RESTAURANT. CURRENT OR OLD?

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Phoenicia Cafe, Tempe

Contributors Rayna Burgett Matt Butler Sean Clements James Dipping Mo Ehsani Jeff Kronenfeld Luke M. Snell Doug Sydnor

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c. 1960s Enrico’s Italian Restaurant, Scottsdale.

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Contributors - Mo Ehsani & Jeff Kronenfeld From The Editor: Hollywood Boulevard’s Brightest Star: Musso & Frank Grill - Douglas Towne Construction Around Arizona: Projects • People • Practices Saluting Arizona’s Builders: Herman Chanen Back When: Big George Visits Kelly’s Steak House Douglas Towne Robert Gosnell Sr.’s Medieval Dining Experience: Green Gables Restaurant - Douglas Towne Fur Coats, Escargot, And Martinis: Dinner At Navarre’s In Uptown Plaza - Douglas Towne Route 66 Comes To Roosevelt Row: Garfield’s Little Chef Diner - Douglas Towne The Phoenix Steak House Graced By A Leprechaun: Kelly’s On Central - Billy Horner Wooldridge Manufacturing: Innovators Before Sunnyvale Became Silicon Valley - Billy Horner Old School Equipment: The Balderson Bowldozer Billy Horner Building on the Past - 1976: The Compass Room At The Hyatt Regency Phoenix - Douglas Towne Architect’s Perspective - John Sing Tang, AIA: Googie-Style Restaurants + More - Doug Sydnor, FAIA Digging Through the Archives: Frank Smith - Billy Horner

92

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94

Advertising Index

Front Cover Dan Gosnell Sr. welcomes customers to Green Gables, 1949.

Article on page 48

TWELVE

Image Courtesy of Dan Gosnell Jr.

14

Contents

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CONTRIBUTORS

MO EHSANI ARTICLE ON PAGE 37

JEFF KRONENFELD ARTICLE ON PAGE 31

gan before joining the department of Civil Engineering at the University of Arizona in 1982.

He pioneered the repair and retrofit of civil structures with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials in the 1980s and holds some 20 patents in that field.

Ehsani is a Fellow and Life Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (FASCE) and a Fellow of the American Concrete Institute (FACI). He has served as President of the Structural Engineers Association of Arizona, is a registered professional engineer in 20 states, and is a licensed contractor in Arizona and California. CNN, National Public Radio, The History Channel, and Engineering News-Record have featured his expertise in strengthening structures, particularly related to earthquakes, terrorist attacks, and other potential structural disasters. He received the 2014 Arizona Technology Leader of the Year Award.

In 2010, Dr. Ehsani left the University of Arizona as a Professor Emeritus to devote himself to QuakeWrap, and FRP Construction, two companies that he founded that specialize in the repair and retrofit of structures with FRP. The companies offer turnkey design/ build solutions to their international clients.

You may run into Ehsani on a local hiking trail if you don’t find him in his favorite gym at 5 a.m.

Arizona, where he lives with his wife and cat. He recently released Dog Years, a 32-page graphic novel exploring mass incarceration in the U.S. using anthropomorphic dogs as illustrations. The story follows Kurt Vilkas through a two-year prison sentence, where he faces violent gangs, sadistic guards, and the demons of his past.

After earning an English degree from ASU, Jeff has volunteered with community organizations like Four Chambers Press and Iron City Magazine, where he still serves as fiction editor. His articles have been published in Discover Magazine, the Phoenix New Times, Vice, and many other outlets.

Jeff received a Simon Rockower Award for excellence in news reporting from the American Jewish Press Association in 2018. His fiction has been published in So It Goes, the Literary Journal of the Kurt Vonnegut Museum and Library, Ripples in Space: A Sci-Fi Journal, Little Somethings Press, and other outlets.

His screenwriting credits include a Second Rounder in ScreenCraft Film Fund Fall 2022, a quarterfinalist in the 2020 Big Break Screenwriting Contest, Diversity Category, co-writer of the Best Film at the Dinerwood Short Film Festival in 2016, and a Desert Nights, Rising Stars Writers Conference Fellow in 2021.

o Ehsani received B.S., eff Kronenfeld is a journalist, M M.S., and Ph.D. degrees Jfiction writer, and screenfrom the University of Michi- writer based out of Tempe,

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FROM THE EDITOR:

HOLLYWOOD BOULEVARD’S BRIGHTEST STAR: MUSSO & FRANK GRILL DOUGLAS TOWNE

T

(stirred, not shaken!) while swapping stories, evaluating scripts, and making deals.

As a result, the restaurant stands out as a beacon of authenticity on a once-glamorous boulevard turned tourist trap.

While other celebrated Tinseltown restaurants such as The Brown Derby, Ciro’s, and Chasen’s closed long ago, Musso & Frank has survived the Great Depression, World War II food rationing, California cuisine, and a myriad of other food trends.

Bottom (l-r): Martini poured at the bar; Musso & Frank Grill interior; Filet of sand dabs entrée, 2019.

Images Courtesy of Tina Whatcott Echeverria

he Hollywood Walk of Fame honors more than 2,600 entertainers, each celebrated with a five-pointed terrazzo and brass star embedded in a sidewalk that stretches for 18 blocks. Amidst this dazzling constellation lies a classic eatery that hosted and fed stars, big and small.

For more than a century, Hollywood insiders have assembled at the Musso & Frank Grill, located along the Walk of Fame, to savor the restaurant’s famed martinis

The restaurant’s menu features old-school European dishes like Grilled Lamb Kidneys with Bacon (Charlie Chaplin’s standing order), Welsh Rarebit, and that California classic, Filet of Sanddabs (Frank Sinatra’s favorite.

But how has this iconic, family-run business remained relevant while competing with the public’s fickle food fads? Michael Callahan’s 2019 book, The Musso & Frank Grill, provides a clue: “While its physical address can be found on Hollywood Boulevard, the true location of Musso & Frank lies at the intersection of Hollywood’s past, present, and future.”

There’s profound lore that comes from being the steward of Hollywood’s Golden

SIXTEEN

MARCH APRIL 2023

ARIZCC.COM

Images Courtesy of Tina Whatcott Echeverria

Age, which contributes to the restaurant’s dining options. For example, do you want to be seated in the New Room with its ornate mahogany bar? Or try the Old Room with its antique phone booth, counter, and grill that burns 65 pounds of Mexican mesquite daily? If the latter, do you ask for the Charlie Chaplin table by the front door or the first stool at the counter, where Steve McQueen hung out?

Decisions continue to pile up when the waiter in a one-button, red bolero jacket arrives with the menu. Complimentary reading glasses are available for those needing assistance in the low-light interior.

No worries about stumping the bartender by ordering a vintage cocktail like a Brandy Alexander; they know them all by heart.

Does one opt for Fettuccine Alfredo, prepared according to the authentic recipe Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks brought back from their honeymoon in Rome in 1927? Or perhaps an entrée that might make up for some unhealthy habits? Keith Richards, who has frequented the restaurant since 1967, swears by its liver and onions with mashed potatoes and peas.

You might choose a porterhouse steak, cooked medium-rare, in homage to Jack Nicholson’s lonely night while dining at the bar. According to Callahan’s book, the actor didn’t field a single autograph request and slipped out the backdoor as “Broadway Joe” Namath, fresh off his 1969 Super Bowl victory, caused the biggest frenzy ever at the restaurant.

The Southern California literary set also claimed Musso & Frank as their hangout. Regulars included Raymond Chandler, Ernest Hemingway, William Saroyan, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Aldous Huxley, Joseph Heller, Lillian Hellman, Charles Bukowski, and William Faulkner, who mixed his own mint juleps at the bar. “Predictably, there is almost no record of the writers actually eating,” notes Callahan.

A significant factor in the restaurant’s success is that the Musso & Frank Grill does not chase trends. “Don’t Change Anything!” is the overwhelming response when management periodically asks its customers for ways to improve the dining experience.

There have, however, been a couple of changes since Frank Toulet opened Frank’s Café at 6669 Hollywood Boulevard in 1919.

The restaurant’s name changed when he partnered with Joseph Musso. They hired French chef Jean Rue, who ran the kitchen for 53 years and created the long-standing menu, which remains mostly unchanged.

There have been one of only three head chefs at Musso & Frank during their 100 years in business.

Musso & Frank was sold in 1927 to two Italian immigrants, Joseph Carissimi and John Mosso, who moved the restaurant next door to its present location at 6667 Hollywood Boulevard. The family connection continues today. The grill is owned and operated by the families of Mosso’s three granddaughters: John and Cathy Echeverria and their son Mark Echeverria; Steve and Anne Jones; and Richard and Kristen Kohlmeyer.

If you can’t get to Hollywood, you can visit Musso & Frank Grill on the screen, as it was a setting in numerous movies and TV shows. Starting with Buster Keaton’s Cops in 1922, the list includes The Day of

Top: Musso & Frank Grill, 1927.

Above: Musso & Frank Grill interior, 1934.

the Locust, Sex and the City, Mad Men, and Quentin Tarantino’s 2019 release, Once Upon A Time In…Hollywood.

The relevance of the Musso & Frank Grill increases with the restaurant’s longevity. “As the city changes, it still needs anchors to tether to its tenuous past,” Michael Connelly writes in the book’s introduction. “Musso & Frank is the anchor. A steady bulkhead on the beach of memory, a prism through which to interpret the future.”

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Projects . PEOPLE . PRACTICES

CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA Projects

CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA

I-10 BROADWAY WORK “CURVES” INTO SECOND OF FOUR PHASES

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alley commuters are pleased that, in baseball terms, construction on the I-10 Broadway Curve Improvement Project has rounded first base and shows no signs of slowing down as it heads toward home in 2024. This progress is significant, as Broadway Curve is ADOT’s largest urban freeway reconstruction project.

Marcy McMacken, ADOT’s Community Outreach Project Manager and PIO for the project, says that its currently in Phase 2 of its four phases. “Phase I was completed in July 2022. During Phase 2, work will include widening the I-10 bridges over the Salt River, completing the new 48th Street ARIZCC.COM

and Broadway Road bridges over I-10, constructing new bridges at the US 60/I-10 interchange, and building Collector-Distributor roads next to east- and westbound I-10 between Baseline Road and 40th Street.”

McMacken adds that Phase 2 is scheduled for completion in late 2023, and the entire project’s completion date is late 2024.

The I-10 Broadway Curve Improvement Project runs along 11 miles of Interstate 10 between Loop 202 and I-17 near

Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport.

Additional work will occur on approximately one mile of east- and westbound US 60 between I-10 and Hardy Drive and on about one mile of north- and southbound State Route 143 between I-10 and the southern end of the SR 143 bridge over the Salt River.

Above: Workers place concrete for the pier cap of one of the new 48th Street bridges over Interstate 10.

Right: Major work occurred on 48th Street between 14th Street and Medtronic Way to relocate utilities and widen the northbound State Route 143 bridge over the Tempe Drain.

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Constructors. The project designers are T.Y. Lin International Group, Stanley Consultants, and Aztec Engineering.

McMacken says the project has been on schedule, but that doesn’t mean there haven’t been some challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic. “When the pandemic hit in 2020, it was at a time when ADOT’s Broadway Curve team was nearing completion of the procurement process for this complex Public Private Partnership (P3) design-build project. As a result, the team had to adjust to a completely virtual world to complete project procurement and begin work on the project.”

Another big hurdle occurred in May 2021, according to McMacken, when the team closed Interstate 10 in both directions for planned construction work, and motorists were detoured onto westbound US 60.

“During the planned closure, a municipal water line broke beneath US 60, causing extensive damage and requiring a closure of US 60 that continued for several days.

Seeing there was no viable detour route for motorists, the project team pivoted and rescheduled its work, showing flexibility and the ability to modify work plans,” she says.

The Broadway Curve project was cited in the MAG Regional Transportation Plan, which is funded by the half-cent sales tax Maricopa County voters approved in 2004 through Proposition 400. MAG identified the need for this project to reduce travel times on I-10 during peak hours; improve airport access; support ridesharing and transit; and prepare the region for future growth projections.

Currently, approximately 300,000 vehicles pass through the I-10 Broadway Curve between Baseline Road and 40th Street on an average weekday, according to McMacken. “This number is projected to increase 25 percent by 2040,” she says.

“Once this project is completed, travelers will experience less traffic congestion, improved commutes during peak traffic hours, and better access to and from

Images Courtesy of ADOT

Above: Workers placed 36 girders on the new 48th Street bridges.

Below: The new 48th Street bridges over I-10.

Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, as well as to the over 4,600 businesses within the project corridor.”

The Broadway Curve project is being delivered as a Public-Private Partnership (P3) and Design-Build (DB). Unlike traditional design-bid-build projects, DB projects are delivered by teams with one contract with ADOT for design and construction services. For this project, the DB team is known as the Developer. The Developer is a joint venture of Pulice Construction Inc., FNF Construction Inc., and Flatiron Constructors, Inc., known as Broadway Curve

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McCARTHY PROVIDES SHELTER TO PHOENIX-MESA GATEWAY AIRPORT PASSENGERS

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ith flight delays, unruly passengers, and crowded planes, jetting across the country can be a stressful event. But thanks to McCarthy Building Companies, those departing from Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport will have a nice space to chill before their flight.

EMPLOYEE SPOTLIGHT: JJ Blaschke, Project Manager

Experience: 5½ years with McCarthy Favorite job task: Planning. I love getting to sit down with the team, strategize, and get ahead of issues, so the field has a clear path.

Toughest job task: There really isn’t a part of the job I find too arduous or demanding. I feel lucky to say that I am in the right industry for me.

Most memorable day at work: The day passengers occupied our previous project, Terminal 4 South Concourse 1 at Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport. Getting to see people using the space and flying off to see family and friends was a great feeling.

Favorite off-job task: Traveling with my wife. The things you learn and the new perspectives you gain bring an appreciation for life and the world you can’t find anywhere else. It’s addicting.

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McCarthy, a local general contractor, has constructed a temporary tension fabric structure to accommodate passengers at the growing airport during its terminal expansion project. The shelter is just in time for the busy winter travel season that includes the Valley hosting the WM Phoenix Open and Super Bowl 2023. The structure provides passengers with comfortable space for efficient travel and allows Gateway Airport to maintain normal operations during construction.

The new, three-gate, 6,300 squarefoot, temporary prefabricated facility includes security access controls, free Wi-Fi, PA system, HVAC, flight information displays, charging stations, and seating for over 300 air travelers. The facility was constructed in less than two months. It’s part of the approximately $28 million terminal expansion project, which is being partially funded by a federal grant from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL).

Gateway Airport is experiencing record passenger activity and welcomed approximately 2 million total passengers through its doors in 2022. This new temporary structure will provide Gateway Airport’s airlines with the space necessary to maintain operations and minimize disruptions while the airport’s terminal expansion project is underway. When the terminal addition is complete in February 2024, the structure will be repurposed for continued airport use.

“We are excited to begin construction of our new, modern, five-gate, 30,000-square-foot terminal addition,” says Gateway Airport Director J. Brian O’Neill, A.A.E. “This much-needed project replaces

Above: Construction of temporary gate structure at Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport.

a substandard, 10,000-square-foot portable facility and will allow the airport to keep pace with continued record growth in the future.”

The expansion project is a complex expansion with airside work, and the temporary structure is an integral part of the project strategy, according to Thomas Assante, project director for McCarthy.

“Our Terminal Modernization project team was able to build the temporary holding room structure in a short timeframe within the fully operational Gateway Airport, which necessitated that our team execute it seamlessly and operate within stringent safety guidelines. Our goal is to execute our construction strategy for modernization while ensuring non-disruption of airport operations and an uncomplicated passenger experience, and successfully completing the temporary holding structure was an initial part of the plan.”

Gateway Airport is currently served by five domestic and international airlines offering nonstop jet service to more than 50 popular destinations across the U.S. and Canada. The airport contributes more than $1.8 billion annually to the regional economy.

Right: Temporary gate structure at Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport.

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CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA Projects

this ties up capital and adds more risk and insurance costs.

Further, the industry-wide shortage of skilled workers is acute, with 650,000 needed to meet current demand. And the SEAN CLEMENTS workforce is aging: one in five construction workers is 55 or older, which is a worsening he construction industry in Arizona issue. So the sector needs to be on top of has a lot going for it as 2023 unfolds. some specific risks.

Business opportunities abound. Housing development, for one, has shifted with the Labor and the construction culture issue Arizona consistently ranks as one of times. As mortgage rates rise, the affordthe best states for construction in terms of ability factor for single-family homes has workforce development, regularly trading boosted permits for new multi-unit buildings by 50 percent. And other projects also off the top spot with Florida. The Associpromise to keep the sector hopping, like ated Builders and Contractors cites the the five-year, $6.7 billion highway transpor- state for its strategic focus on the sector, “satisfying 98 percent of the labor demand tation program.

Even so, given economic uncertain- in the state and graduating 92 percent of its ties, the industry needs to keep a sharp eye CTE students.”

Maintaining momentum is essential. on managing the business. Supplies and One solution is to look beyond wages to costs of workers and materials remain a challenge. Interest rate hikes to calm infla- the benefits that meet individual needs, tion as recession fears grow are making it a big competitive differentiator. Enriched expensive to borrow. That’s worrisome not benefits, like paid leaves, are appealing, just for the financing of future projects but including family and parental leaves, which because it may take financing to cover spik- are particularly attractive to younger working insurance rates. Here’s what the indus- ers. Employer-sponsored retirement plans have value, too. try can expect in the coming year.

Also important is the industry’s repuWithstanding the squeeze on profit tation for safety. By ensuring the highest margins workplace safety standards are in place There’s much work to be had for Ari- and strictly followed and promoting safety zona’s contractors. The residential markets track records, contractors will burnish their aside, many commercial buildings are on reputations with employees and clients. the books. For one, the boom in global Another accelerating trend worth conindustrial technology is bringing many sidering is the adoption of employee stock players to the state. Manufacturers in aero- ownership plans (ESOPs). Almost 20 perspace and defense, batteries for electric cent of the largest U.S. contractors have vehicles, and more are investing in new adopted ESOPs, strengthening their capital development and promising enormous job structures while attracting and retaining growth. Healthcare campuses, retail out- workers. lets, and hotels are also expanding here.

But inflation’s impact on costs and Technology – a cure and a curse While technology investment has interest rate boosts to control it remain addressed many of the industry’s issues – problematic, and worries about a recession lagging productivity, rising costs, and labor remain. Uncertainties remain as the price of doing business squeezes profit margins, among them – there’s a danger of severe including higher material costs. Delivery exposure to cyber criminals.

More than a third of construction firms lead times continue to cause shortages have yet to embrace technology because and wreak havoc on schedules. Some contractors are pre-ordering materials, but of limited financial resources. Even so, the benefits of technology like automation, wearables or robotics, and drones are undeniable. Take 3D printing, which can save as much as 40 percent on materials costs, never mind labor and logistic processes.

But cybercrime is rampant, and construction, particularly smaller firms, is susceptible to breaches tied to web applications. A Forrester survey pegged the industry-wide average annual cost of cybercrime at $6 trillion.

Even more concerning is that cyber insurance is harder to secure and more

WHAT ARIZONA’S CONSTRUCTION SECTOR SHOULD KNOW ABOUT LOOMING RISKS IN 2023

costly. It has become essential for firms to create and follow a stringent technology plan with safety protocols. At a minimum, employees must be trained regularly on safe practices to guard against phishing attacks, and a multi-factor authentication mechanism must be in place.

Catastrophic risks take a toll Worsening natural disasters pose another risk for insurers, which cannot sustain the losses caused. For example, Hurricane Ian generated $51 billion in insured losses. California’s flooding rains and snow: $31 billion – so far.

Insurers have reached the tipping point on losses. There’s a dearth of capacity, and rates are skyrocketing – even in states like Arizona, not in catastrophic risk zones.

Overall, premiums are up 15 to 20 percent; 100 percent in states most exposed. But getting it is problematic, so builders may have to finance the costs.

The shaky economy adds to the pressure by putting subcontractors at greater risk of default, calling for extra precautions in vetting and choosing partners, and deciding how to cover the risk best.

The construction industry faces a host of continuing circumstances in 2023.

To come out ahead will take preparation and actions to strengthen profitability, get smart on ways to counter the labor issue, and build resiliency with solid risk management and insurance strategies.

Sean Clements is Senior Vice President for Commercial Lines at global insurance brokerage Hub International in their Scottsdale office. He joined HUB in 2020 as part of the Clements Insurance and HUB Southwest acquisition.

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Images Courtesy of Wyman

DIGGING BENEATH FOUNTAIN HILLS WITH WYMAN GRADING

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t’s one of the most challenging questions in construction: how long will a project take to finish? And Wyman Grading and Excavating Inc. provides one of the most memorable answers.

“Every builder asks us how long it will take,” Victoria Wyman, co-owner of the excavation company, says. “Unfortunately,

EMPLOYEE SPOTLIGHT:

Shoshanna Noriega Strategic Communications Director Experience: 1.5 years with Wyman Grading

Mother Nature is like any woman. It will take as long as she wants it to take. She controls how much resistance she will give.

If she wants us to be there all year long, we will keep hammering until she gives in.”

To reiterate her statement, Wyman discusses one of her company’s most interesting current projects, a mountainside excavation for a multi-million-dollar custom home in Fountain Hills. “For instance, we’ll complete this project in roughly 3 - 6 months, not including backfilling multiple retaining walls,” she says.

According to Wyman, the project comprises 20 feet of cut/hard dig, screening, and trucking. “What’s interesting about this job is the soil color in this community.

The dirt looks like red clay, and it’s neat to see all the different types of dirt in Arizona.

Some have gold, silver, and granite flakes.”

Above: Victoria Wyman.

Victoria Wyman and her husband, Jim Wyman, restarted their excavation company specializing in mountainside projects in 2016. Wyman Grading enjoys collaborating with influencers to create fun and aesthetically pleasing photos and other advertising for the male-dominated industry. In addition, they enjoy going the extra mile for their customers, sometimes meeting them at the job site to review the excavation plan. They also bring the job site to their clients.

Although Wyman Grading’s focus is moving earth, they’ll capture an overhead vista for the Fountain Hills project. “We will be drone shooting this project when it is completed,” she says. “We’ll feature it on our YouTube channel at youtube.com/@ wymanexcavating.

Favorite job task: The position allows me to be creative and technical. One day I will be working on customer relations, and the next, I’m flying a drone taking aerial imagery of the job site.

Toughest job task: Trying to get all the work finished by the end of the day; there is always so much that needs to be done.

Most memorable day at work: The first “Wyman Women” photo shoot with three models on the same day. All our content is created and managed within the company, including photography and editing. It was a whole production, and it was so creative.

Favorite off-job task: I love to watch action, scary, and crime documentaries/ movies.

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CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA Projects

JUDITH CHAFEE’S MODERNIST HOME DECLARED TUCSON LANDMARK

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Commissioned by clients Art and Joan Jacobson, the house featured a limited material palette of concrete, painted concrete block, aluminum frame windows, and glass. These elements are masterfully combined to produce an environmentally cohesive project with distinctive interior and exterior zonal geometric design.

The exposed site-cast concrete structural beams supported on walls of painted reinforced concrete block create spans for glass windows walls, sliding glass doors, and clerestory ribbon windows that allow diffused light to enter the space.

Both the physical orientation and bioclimatic site design were a direct response to the desert environment, climate, views, natural setting, and the seasonal location of the sun. The house is designed with an explicit indoor-outdoor relationship and spatial arrangement that creates a floor plan with a series of courtyards that serve as outdoor rooms.

Although The Jacobson House is considered an exceptional example of the tenets of Chafee’s work, because it is less than 50 years old, the National Register nomination had to demonstrate the outstanding importance of the property

and show it had achieved significance within the past 50 years. This was possible because, from its construction onward, the Jacobson House has been recognized as a masterpiece.

In 2021, the house was sold, and Clinco became a co-owner. He oversaw the 12-month restoration and authored the National Register Nomination. “The designations of the Jacobson House by the National Park Service and the Pima County Board of Supervisors recognize the importance of Judith Chafee’s archival work to our region and country,” Clinco says. “I hope the careful restoration of this stunning property will be a model for future projects in our community.”

Images Courtesy of David Olsen

he celebrated 20th-century Arizona architect Judith Chafee knew how to use concrete. She designed the Jacobson House in Tucson’s Catalina Foothills neighborhood, which received the American Concrete Institute Arizona Chapter Award for “Outstanding Use of Concrete” in 1978.

Chafee’s creation was recently listed on the National Register of Historic Places and, by unanimous vote of the Pima County Board of Supervisors, designated a Pima County Historic Landmark. The designation will protect this important, internationally recognized, modernist home for future generations.

“As an icon of desert modernism and part of Judith Chafee’s foundational work, the preservation of the Jacobson House is important in protecting Arizona’s 20th-century heritage,” says Demion Clinco, CEO of the Tucson Historic Preservation Foundation. “We are thrilled to make this property available to the public through short-term rentals, Airbnb and VRBO. This availability creates the opportunity to experience this seminal work of architecture and intimately understand Chafee’s approach to design, light, and the blending of indoor and outdoor environments.”

The Jacobson House is a single-family residential concrete and glass house that was designed starting in 1975 and constructed in 1977. The house is a critical foundational example of the work of Judith Chafee, FAIA (1932-1998), and an outstanding representation of Tucson’s Modern architectural movement.

According to Judy Clinco, a partner on the project, the historic designation carries broader implications. “Protecting, preserving, and recognizing the design work of a major America woman architect, at a time when women’s rights are under attack, underscores both historical and contemporary issues of equality, equal pay, and the value women have always brought to the evolution of our shared culture,” she says.

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CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA People

LOOKING BACK FROM THE TOP: AMANDA McGENNIS’S DECADE-SPANNING CAREER IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY JEFF KRONENFELD

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manda McGennis has seen lows and highs over her 33 years in the construction industry before retiring as senior vice president of the Arizona Chapter of the Associated General Contractors of America in December 2022.

While her career nadir likely came when photos of a visit to Senator John McCain’s office were blown out by setting her camera to panoramic mode, settling the question of her professional apex is somewhat trickier.

Based on elevation, the highpoint was undoubtedly scaling a crane towering 20 or more stories above Phoenix on a Sunday morning. However, by McGennis’s reckoning, her pinnacle might have come with the passage of Proposition 400 in 2004,

the culmination of more than three years of grassroots organizing. The reason that piece of legislation looms so large over her list of accomplishments is the same one that accounts for her success in the first place: her love of the construction industry and the people who make it up.

Proposition 400 extended a half-cent County Transportation Excise Tax to support infrastructure like freeways, highways, arterial roads, and transit. McGennis explained that constructing these improvements provided jobs directly while enabling further growth, generating even more jobs. “I think successfully passing Prop 400 in 2004 was quite an accomplishment,” McGennis says. “We worked really hard on getting our industry out to vote, explaining the importance of the extension for future employment opportunities as well as remaining in the state for work.”

During her 22 years with the AZAGC, McGennis focused on solving problems for contractors and communities. Her portfolio

Images Courtesy of Amanda McGennis

Left: Senator John McCain, Amanda McGennis, and Monica Spitza.

Below: Amanda McGennis and David Martin at AZAGC.

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Top left: David Martin, Rob Bottcher, Doug DeClusin, Senator Jeff Flake, Rod Rummel, Dan Spitza, and Amanda McGennis.

Above: Amanda McGennis.

was as broad as the crane she climbed was high, including duties ranging from lobbying to administration to education. She established and ran training programs to keep workers safe, control dust levels, mitigate erosion, reduce pollution and help contractors with specification revisions to improve the construction process.

Before coming to Arizona, McGennis’s worked for the University of Kentucky swim program, where she was the “learn to swim” program coordinator. She had taken a part-time position in Lexington, Kentucky, despite a background in hotel sales and banquets due to the insular nature of the area’s hospitality industry. Then, in 1989, a friend in the university’s athletic program heard that a national trade association called the Asphalt Institute was moving to town and offered to pass McGennis’s name along.

When McGennis went to interview, she was offered a position as an executive assistant but turned it down due to a lack of interest in making coffee or learning shorthand. However, the person conducting her interview mentioned other positions opening in the future. After not hearing back for a few weeks, McGennis decided to follow up in person.

“When I went up and asked to see her, coming off of the, back then, fax machine, was a position for a seminar coordinator,” McGennis said. “And she said, ‘Here, look at this. Does this interest you?’ And I said, ‘Yeah, that interests me.’ She said, ‘Okay, you’re hired.’”

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Images Courtesy of Amanda McGennis

programs across the country and organizing the locations, books, certificates, and registrations. In addition, she worked with state, city, county, and federal organizations across the U.S. and some international countries to train individuals in asphalt pavement materials, design, and construction. The association also sold publications globally, including in Iraq. So, when an order bearing stamps with Saddam Hussein’s likeness arrived in the mail, McGennis cut one out and added it to her collection. She also became the de facto office translator as some staff members had never spoken with customers outside of the country and had difficulty understanding international callers.

After nine years at Asphalt Institute, McGennis took a position with a pavement engineering company and moved to Austin, Texas. When her then-beau, now husband, Bob, moved to Arizona, McGennis began splitting time between states. One day, Bob suggested she find a job in the Valley of the Sun and relocate there full-time. He heard from a coworker that the AZAGC President David Martin was looking for help, so ARIZCC.COM

McGennis applied. McGennis was already familiar with trade association work and figured it would be an easy transition.

Martin wanted to focus on policy and needed someone to do secretarial work, but McGennis again refused to settle for stenography. “I said, ‘I can do that, but I can do a lot more,” McGennis recalled. “He said, ‘Okay, forget that. We’re going to hire you.’ So, it became a job that morphed into a jack of all trades.”

Impressed by McGennis’s drive and experience, Martin became not just a boss but a professional mentor as well. “He taught me everything about policy, and his direction is what helped me be successful in the person that I am,” McGennis said. “With his oversight, I feel like we were able to do many good things for our industry. Martin’s knowledge of policy and strategic thinking is why the AZAGC is the state’s most relevant construction trade association.”

Though Martin was an air quality expert, he passed that portfolio to McGennis, who was appointed to the Maricopa County Association of Governments air quality technical advisory committee. She also was chairwoman for the City of Phoenix Small Business Oversight Committee, which was appointed to help small businesses receive a percentage of the construction dollars allocated by the City, started one of the first dust schools, lobbied for funding the Mike O’Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge bypassing the Hoover Dam, and helped contractors keep building in countless other ways.

Doing that work, McGennis became convinced that an ounce of training was worth a pound of punitive sanction. For

CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA People

Above: Amanda McGennis at the WTS (Women’s Transportation Seminar) Awards.

Left: Amanda McGennis with Wink Ames of Insurica Southwest.

instance, her dust and erosion school increased industry compliance from 49 percent to 93 percent, resulting in companies avoiding work stoppages, communities getting cleaner air, and the state continuing to grow. She delivered similar results with stormwater runoff and in many other areas.

Over the years, McGennis witnessed contractors’ technical acumen, professional pride, and personal kindness. “They are the most generous people I’ve ever met; they truly care about their employees, this industry, and their community.” It’s just a point of pride for them,” McGennis says.

Her position in the organization put her in contact with stakeholders at all levels, from senators and Congress members in marbled halls to workers in the field constructing a project. She also collaborated with many other organizations across the state and country, including the Arizona Transportation Builders Association, the Arizona Rock Products Association, the American Public Works Association, Friends of Transit, the Minority Contractors Association, the National Association of Women in Construction, and the Women’s Transportation Seminar.

For the still-driven McGennis, saying goodbye to her friends in the industry and the satisfaction of helping them will take some time. “I’m going to miss the industry,” McGennis says. “Not only my contractors, but I’ve always tried to look at this holistically and help solve problems, from the supplier side, the contractor side, the designer side, and then the owner side, because if we have successful projects, they keep moving forward.”

However, McGennis plans to stay active during her golden years by working as a mentor to younger women in the industry, volunteering to help address the homelessness crisis, and visiting her family.

She looks forward to seeing more of her 90-year-old mother and her daughter, who recently became the manager of a large ranch in southern Texas.

If McGennis had doubts about the impact of her decades of service, her retirement party dispelled them. The massive turnout surprised and honored the humble hard worker who always remembered her members and industry stakeholders.

“I come from a family that just puts their head down and gets it done, works hard, and takes pride in what they do and pride in whom they work for,” McGennis says. “I loved working for AZAGC members.

They are so passionate and proud of the infrastructure they’ve built. They will hold a special place in my heart, for it is everyone whom I have worked with over the years that have created my success.”

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MATT BUTLER

I

Image Courtesy of Author

n the construction industry, work in the field drives decision-making.

When it comes to purchasing power, employees often rely on various types of credit cards. For example, if a field worker usually has to purchase from Home Depot, they would get a Home Depot card. Many also get a travel and expense card, fuel card, and maybe a multi-purpose corporate card. Some workers may even charge company spending to their personal card and submit an invoice for reimbursement.

Paying with a credit card is the fastest and most efficient way for field workers to meet immediate needs. It is an excellent alternative to a contracting or purchase order process, which are cumbersome.

In reality, what happens on the back end is anything but fast and efficient.

Instead, the accounts payable team runs many disjointed, semi-manual processes.

That creates challenges around data accuracy, visibility, and control. It can also result in delays in reporting and job costing. That, in turn, leads to delays in billing clients and challenges with cost control.

Today’s financial technology, or “fintech,” offers clients streamlined, standardized, automated solutions that make both the front and back-end processes around credit card spending much more efficient.

They let accounts payable and finance teams enable field spending without creating a tangled mess for themselves to manage.

Today’s Clunky Payments What typically happens is that cards are issued upon request to meet different needs. Accounts payable teams end up managing a handful of card programs.

They have to track down all the receipts for each–an ongoing challenge when you’ve got people all over the place and reconciling the statements. Each card provider may have a different reporting mechanism, such as a PDF or a CSV file, which requires several reconciliation processes.

Then they have to do all the job costing so the bills can go out to clients, accurately code all that information, assign it to the right project, and then input it into the general ledger in the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Since there’s no standardized reporting, there’s probably an Excel sheet or two they must maintain to label and categorize the data correctly.

They also have to keep track of hundreds of outstanding plastic cards. It’s an administrative nightmare–not to mention a fraud risk–as employees churn and cards get lost or stolen and must be replaced.

Construction companies also have seasonal or temp workers who need spending capabilities but typically wouldn’t receive a company credit card given their temporary status. That means they’re also handling a reimbursement process for field expenses.

The expense management process might be easier for the back office than managing multiple card programs, especially if they have newer expense management technology that can capture and code receipts. But the expense management system may not feed that data into the ERP system, necessitating more manual

data entry. While there might be an ERP integration with the commercial card provider, there probably isn’t one for merchant charge cards. As a result, you might have to manually enter transactions or import a flat file report.

Yet again, the result is a disjointed manual process with people spending money, but you only know how much and what for once you get their expense report.

And asking field staff to file expense reports certainly isn’t easy for them, and making things easier for them is the name of the game.

CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA Practices

USING CREDIT CARDS TO OPTIMIZE CONSTRUCTION SPENDING

The Fintech Difference What fintechs provide is a complete solution of technology and services that consolidate all your card programs onto one platform. You deal with one vendor, one administrative tool, and one predictable back-end experience. That eliminates many of the headaches of managing card programs from disparate providers. You have one consistent source for getting cards to people and managing outstanding cards.

All your statements look alike so that you can standardize reconciliation processes.

Data is normalized, so creating dashboards and analyzing them is much easier. There is one data source to integrate with your ERP. With a much clearer view of your data and the time saved on administration and reconciliation, you can optimize field spending. You can improve the timeliness and accuracy of job costing. You can get client bills out on time, thereby improving cash flow.

You can even issue virtual cards with time, category, and spending limits to temporary workers. This act reduces the number of expense reports field workers need to do, as well as the plastic cards to be managed. It also brings that spending from its own siloed process into the same card management process.

Credit cards are incredible financial and productivity tools, offering working capital lending, rebates, and ultimate convenience at the point of sale. In construction, they’ve become invaluable for empowering field workers to minimize job delays.

Unfortunately, the efficiency they deliver to the field has historically been at a cost to the back office. The clear choice in construction is always to put the needs of the field ahead of all else. With today’s fintech solutions, when it comes to field spending, accounts payable teams no longer need to choose one over the other.

Matt Butler is the Senior VP of Construction Sales for Corpay Payables, which enables businesses to spend less through smarter payment methods.

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THIRTY SIX

MARCH APRIL 2023

a

b

MO EHSANI

C

ircular columns are frequently used in the construction of buildings and bridges. Utility contractors often need to build a circular foundation to support light poles, transmission towers, and the like. Conventional formworks for casting new concrete columns and foundations are bulky to ship and store and offer little adjustment in shape or size.

Forming existing columns in repair projects is also a difficult task. The existing floor and beams above prevent the use of conventional disposable cardboard tubes because they cannot be slipped over the column.

To overcome these challenges, the author has developed a new type of reusable form that offers unique advantages for the construction of new columns and the repair of existing columns and foundations.

How To Use FLF The behavior of FLF is based on principles of belt friction. For casting new columns or footings, a length of laminate 2-3 times the perimeter of the column being formed is cut. The coiled laminate is strong enough to resist the internal pressure of the freshly cast concrete by friction alone without any external support. However, a few ties can be used to prevent the coil from unraveling. Once the concrete is placed and cured, FLF is removed, cleaned, and saved for future use. The smooth surface of FLF leaves no unsightly spiral marks.

To repair an existing column, spacers are supplied that can be attached around the column with zip ties. These will determine the width of the annular space. FLF ARIZCC.COM

e

d

f

h

g Images Courtesy of Amanda Author

FRP Laminate Form The new product is made of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). Using specialty equipment, glass fibers are impregnated with vinyl ester resin and subjected to heat and pressure to make very thin laminates.

For brevity, the product will be referred to as FRP Laminate Form (FLF). The laminates have a uniform thickness that varies from 0.045 to 0.075 inches, depending on the product style.

FLF is manufactured in rolls up to 102 inches wide. A typical roll may include 500 lineal feet of FLF. These high-strength laminates weigh only between 0.3 to 0.5 lb/ft2.

The light weight allows for easy handling.

The unique design of the laminate provides a perfect balance between a smooth finish surface and enough friction to prevent sliding/slippage of the surfaces.

c

CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA Practices

COLUMNS MADE EASY: REUSABLE CONCRETE FORM FOR ALL SHAPES AND SIZES

is wrapped around the existing column and spacers, and its ends are secured with ties or duct tape. Once the concrete hardens, FLF can be removed, washed, and saved for forming columns of different shapes and sizes in the future.

FLF can be used to create tubes of infinite shapes and sizes. The only limitation is to make sure that a minimum bend radius of 1 inch is maintained at the corners to avoid damaging the laminate.

In non-circular shape cases, the laminate is coiled to form an ellipse. To make sure that the overall size of the ellipse does not change during the placement of concrete, a frame can be used to support the FLF. The adjustable horizontal supports known

Above: Creating a form: (a) roll of FLF, (b) mark the perimeter, (c) coil the laminate, (d) secure with tie, (e) FLF installed and concrete placed, (f) removing the laminate after the concrete hardens, (g) cleaning and saving the laminate for future use, and (h) smooth concrete finish with no spiral marks.

as scissor column forming clamps are available from most formwork supply houses.

These clamps must be installed such that they touch the vertex and co-vertex of the ellipse.

The system presented in this article is the subject of US Patent Application # 16/993,102, filed by the author in August 2020. A video showing this product is available online at: tinyurl.com/MoTubes.

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

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CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA Practices

CURING CONCRETE: HOW IT WAS DONE LUKE SNELL, P.E. he American Concrete Institute (ACI) defines curing as “an action taken to maintain moisture and temperature in a freshly placed cementitious mixture…so that the potential properties of the mixture may develop.” The 1910 definition was a little more direct on what you should do.

“Green concrete should not be exposed to the sun until after it has been allowed to set for 5-6 days. Each day during that period, the concrete should be wet by sprinkling water on it both in the morning and the afternoon.”

Research has shown that uncured concrete can lose more than 40 percent of the strength it could have achieved with a seven-day moist cure. Concrete cures best with temperatures maintained between 40 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. According to current building codes, contractors should keep concrete damp and above 50 degrees for seven days. Inspectors must document the methods the contractor uses to protect the concrete when the air temperatures are below 40 degrees or above 95 degrees.

Over the years, several methods have been used to achieve good curing to maintain adequate temperature and moisture in the concrete. Some of these methods are still used, while others have been modified.

Image Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

T

includes this method of curing but notes that only 6 inches of straw are needed. It also warns that straw is a fire hazard, and it’s not recommended to protect the concrete in cold weather. For these reasons, straw is seldom used to cure concrete Manure This pungent material was consid- except in places with limited resources. ered an appropriate curing method on Burlap farms because of a steady and free supThis material is a common method of ply. Manure would keep concrete moist curing concrete slabs but it must be kept and provide insulation to keep the con- wet. This procedure is effective in many crete warm in cold weather, but it would areas. But in areas of low humidity and stain it. As a result, manure wasn’t used high temperatures, this will be a challenge when appearance was important, and the and likely will not provide adequate curmethod was never popular. ing. Burlap can be kept wet using a sprinSoil or Sand Placing a thick layer of wet soil or sand on the concrete is still used, but how much to apply is difficult to determine. ACI states that the sand should be thick enough to hold water uniformly over the entire surface. On one project, a contractor placed concrete before freezing weather and applied a thin layer of wet sand to protect it. The sand kept the moisture in the concrete, but the top surface of the concrete still froze and had to be removed.

kler, but the contractor has to handle how to keep the water on the job site. The ACI Flatwork Finisher’s Workbook also warns that the runoff could saturate the base/ subbase/subgrade, undermine the slab, or cause problems with moisture-sensitive flooring. For these reasons, burlap curing is typically not used on larger projects.

Canvas, Heavy Paper, and Old Carpets These materials were used to keep the moisture in the concrete and in cold weather to help maintain a suitable curing temperature. The covering could be Straw or Hay Early references state that 12 inches of reused, provided it dried between uses so wet straw or hay would provide adequate as not to mildew. curing, especially when used with manure. Covering with Water However, the straw would need to be kept Covering the concrete surface with damp and covered so as not to blow away. water was considered one of the best These sources also caution that staining curing methods unless there was freezcould result from the wet straw. ACI still ing weather. This method certainly keeps ARIZCC.COM

Above: Phoenix’s Fullerform Corp., curing a concrete ditch in Glendale, 1965.

the moisture in the concrete and provides additional water. One way of achieving this curing method is to build an earthen dike and form a pond on the concrete surface.

However, this method is labor intensive and requires regular inspection to ensure the barriers are not breached, and the water has not evaporated.

Conclusion The concept of curing has stayed the same over the years. Many contractors will still use coverings on concrete surfaces.

Today plastic sheets are used rather than old carpets. Some mixture designs with very low water-cement ratios require water curing because extra water is needed to complete the chemical reaction between water and cement. We have also developed curing compounds that coat the concrete to maintain its moisture. In cold weather, insulating blankets or heating units are used to hold the heat in the concrete.

The methods described above are intended to protect the concrete so it may achieve its maximum potential properties.

I use a common statement in my certification classes to emphasize the importance of curing: “When it dries, it dies!” Keeping that concept in mind, we can achieve the potential properties of our concrete by providing adequate curing.

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S

Image Courtesy of Int Water Asso.

mart buildings use a wide range of existing technologies to facilitate the efficient and economical use of resources by collecting and sharing data between systems. And while your first thoughts may go to energy monitoring and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) controls, a growing awareness of intelligent domestic water systems is trending—and for a good reason.

Building owners, operators, and developers are adjusting to a new market environment in a post-pandemic world. As a result, many are reexamining the traditional functions of their facilities as tenants demand greater flexibility, connectivity, comfort, health, and safety. These steps can result in both challenges and opportunities for engineering and construction professionals.

Preventing Pathogens Legionella is a general category of bacterium all-too-commonly found in our water supplies. There are over 60 different species of bacterium, of which 25 are known to be implicated in human disease.

One king of the species, Legionella pneumophila, is responsible for approximately 90 percent of all infections. About 1 out of every 10 people diagnosed with Legionnaires’ disease will die due to complications from their illness. The mortality rate for those in a healthcare facility climbs to about 1 out of every 4.

Building owners and operators have Staying Out of (Legal) Hot Water good reason to be so concerned about Treating water with high temperatures seems like an excellent answer to controlling the growth of pathogens like Legionella, but that approach could cause other problems. In the hospitality industry, the two biggest complaints are the lack of hot water and water that’s too hot or scalding.

Unfortunately, with an inability to confirm the water temperature in the supply piping to a guest room when such a complaint is lodged, hospitality establishments are forced to go along with whatever the guest claims, even when the complaint leads to a lawsuit.

If building management systems began incorporating more water monitoring, it would be possible to know the water temperature in each pipe at any given time.

This data would enable buildings to confirm or dismiss water complaints and ultimately give facilities the tools to improve systems performance and occupant health.

With an accurate picture of water temperatures as measured by sensors ARIZCC.COM

CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA Practices

JAMES DIPPING, P.E.

Legionella as plumbing domestic water systems are the predominant source of the bacteria. If Legionella grows in a plumbing system, the bacteria can spread to humans via tiny droplets and/or vapor inhaled into the lungs. Common sources where these droplets are “made” include: • Showerheads and sink faucets • Cooling towers • Hot tubs • Decorative fountains and water features • Hot water tanks and heaters • Large, complex plumbing systems So how do the bacteria grow and spread? Water temperature, quality, disinfectant residual, stagnation, pipe materials, and other factors can contribute to developing Legionella pneumophila growth in domestic water systems. The more complex the building is, the more challenging it is to maintain a healthy, balanced system.

Complicating this further, the age, location, surrounding environment, and incoming water quality can also significantly impact the development of Legionella bacteria.

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) offers a guide to “Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water Systems,” which it describes as “essential for anyone involved in the design, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance, and service of centralized building water systems and components.” Likewise, the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers its “Toolkit: Developing a Water Management Program to Reduce Legionella Growth and Spread in Buildings.”

Image Courtesy of Author

KEEPING INTELLIGENT WATER SYSTEMS SAFE

strategically placed throughout the building’s pipes, these levels can be adjusted appropriately to improve system performance, reduce water pathogen growth, and improve overall water quality. With this crucial building intelligence, building engineers and managers would be much better equipped to take a proactive water management role and deliver safer, more hygienic water at the right temperature.

The failure to monitor the temperature of domestic water systems outside the mechanical room can increase a building’s exposure to risk and litigation.

Proper Planning Pays In addition to making buildings safer, healthier, and more ecologically responsible, implementing a smart water system can positively impact a company’s balance sheet. Planning to adopt an intelligent system can uncover problems, such as previously undetected leaks or malfunctioning equipment, that may have otherwise gone unnoticed. More comprehensive metering can also identify areas to target reduced water use.

For a water management program to succeed, a comprehensive strategic plan and vision should be in place. Understanding your current water uses and systems allows you to develop a plan for greater water conservation, efficiency, management, and health and safety.

James Dipping, PE, CPD, ARCSA®AP, GPD, LEED AP BD+C, is the technical director of plumbing engineering for ESD, a leading global engineering firm specializing in mechanical, electrical, plumbing, fire protection, life safety, structural, and technology engineering.

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

FORTY TWO

MARCH APRIL 2023

RAYNA BURGETT

W

Images Courtesy of Author

hat is work-life balance? Exactly how it sounds—the balance between your work and the rest of your life. The status of American work-life balance is poor, with the U.S. being the most overworked firstworld nation. Ninety-four percent of service professionals work more than 50 hours per week, and nearly 66 percent admit they have no work-life balance.

The risk factors that come into play when a healthy work-life balance is not maintained include unhealthy stress levels for prolonged periods. The effects include poor mental and physical health, hindering office productivity, and enjoying a full life.

Workplace burnout can increase the risk of mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, mood disturbances, substance abuse, workplace injuries, and interpersonal conflict between coworkers. Overworking can also affect individuals’ physical health, with 745,000 people dying each year from heart-related diseases due to overworking, according to a global study from the World Health Organization.

One local general contractor —CHASSE Building Team—decided they needed to do more to support their employees’ physical and mental health. As CHASSE founder and president Barry Chasse always says, “team” is in the name for a reason.

The award-winning, employee-owned general contractor is working to proactively increase employee wellness across the health spectrum through its newly launched CHASSEing Healthy initiative.

“CHASSEing Healthy is a health and wellness initiative we launched in the summer of 2022 with the goal of bettering our teammates’ overall health and worklife balance,” says Savannah Stratman of CHASSE Building Team.

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According to Stratman, there are three • 12 Days of CHASSEing Healthy: teammain pillars to CHASSEing Healthy: mate owners were sent daily challenges • CHASSE Eats, which focuses on food and with a holiday twist focused on the nutrition, three pillars plus CHASSE Love.

• CHASSE Gains, which addresses move- • CHASSE Gains and CHASSE Eats Lunchment and exercise, n-Learn: teammates had a personal • CHASSE Headspace, which dives deep as trainer for exercise topics, including it relates to mindfulness, mental well-beproper form, intensity, weightlifting, ing, and behavioral health. stretching, cardio, heart rate, and nutrition issues, including macro/microEach pillar is led by teammates who nutrients, supplements, internal energy are passionate about that particular verpathways, and caloric intake. tical. Together with fellow advocates,

CONSTRUCTION AROUND ARIZONA Practices

WHOLE BODY BUILDERS: CHASSE BUILDING TEAM EMBRACES WELLNESS THROUGH CHASSEing HEALTHY

these committees develop resources, host events, and push innovative health and wellness challenges to their teammates through formal and informal means.

“While each ‘thing’ our groups come up for teammates to take part in focus on one or more pillars, we also incorporate a fourth vertical – a concept we call CHASSE Love that offers ways for our teammates to engage in community-based action,” Stratman says. “CHASSE Love is one of the principal behaviors we like to exemplify as CHASSE teammates, so it felt only fitting to tie it into our health and wellness programming,” says Stratman. Fundraisers and 5k walks are examples of this fourth pillar.

“We have also amped up our proactive education about our Employee Assistance Program, support, counseling assistance, and work-life benefits, so they feel supported from one teammate to another, not just words in a handbook,” Stratman says. “And then there is the yoga, paddleboarding, a four-month golf tournament, as well.”

In addition to its one-off challenges and events, one of the CHASSE teammates also launched an ongoing program called the Shot-Out Crew.

“Through it, some of our teammate owners meet weekly with industry partners to bike, hike, and run on different Examples of CHASSEing Healthy include trails throughout the Valley. During the summer, the group also hosted outings at the following projects and programs: • The Wheel of Challenges: each CHASSE various lakes and rivers,” Stratman says.

“This year, the group plans to coordinate department/team spins a wheel with monthly rides, hikes, and walks on trails in 40 challenges listed and is encouraged to complete the selected one as a team cooler climates of Northern Arizona during daily for one week. The marketing team the summer.

While this is an independent program was challenged to do 15 push-ups daily separate from CHASSEing Healthy, our and then entered to win prizes. committee is excited about becoming more • Healthy Owner Bingo: teammate involved in brainstorming ways to grow the owners were given nine different card program and reach more industry partners, options with three levels of difficulty building a community of others wanting to and challenges from all three pillars, improve their health and wellness.” plus CHASSE Love. They had 30 days to complete their card for a chance to win a prize.

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

SALUTING ARIZONA’S BUILDERS: HERMAN CHANEN

“O

ur construction firm does things differently,” the late Herman Chanen told The Arizona Republic in 1962. “Most contractors are just that. They bid on a building and then contract to do the building for so many dollars. We do some of that, but most of our work is negotiated, and we don’t confine ourselves to just building.”

The Independence, Iowa native explained that his firm, Chanen Construction Company, was “developer-builders in a single package…where all work is

PAGE

coordinated under one roof.” Chanen then described his favorite client. “The one we like best is the fellow who comes with an idea to develop. It may be for a different type of apartment, an original idea for a shopping center, or a new design idea. Then it’s our job to pull all the pieces together and make the idea a reality.”

And that Chanen did when he launched his company in 1955, with Phoenix-area projects that eventually included the Sands Hotel, Sky Riders Hotel, Courtesy

Chevrolet, Terminals 2 and 4 at Sky Harbor Airport, Biltmore Fashion Park, Hyatt Regency Phoenix, Talking Stick Resort, Midwestern University, and the Superstition Ho Hotel.

But perhaps Chanen’s piece de resistance was the 21-story Arizona Title Building at First Avenue and Monroe Street in Downtown Phoenix. Now called the 111 W. Monroe office tower, it was designed by architects Fred Weaver and Richard Drover.

Chanen formed the Monroe Development Company partnership with Louis Himelstein and Milton Cochat to create the skyscraper and its six-story companion structure.

When work began in 1962, sidewalk “supervisors” loved the marketing spin Chanen had created on the openings in

MARCH APRIL 2023

the surrounding safety fence. There were artistic cutouts labeled for eggheads, bellhops, bachelors, and even for dogs called the “K-9 Keyhole.” The building’s grand opening warranted a special section in the Republic in 1964. In a full-page advertisement, Chanen Construction recognized the 1,322,682 hours workers spent creating the development.

Chanen would go on to expand his business to California and Las Vegas, be selected by the U.S. State Department to tour the Soviet Union examining construction practices, and become a well-known philanthropist. He recently died at age 94.

ARIZCC.COM

“I feel strongly there is more to building a community than just putting together mortar, brick, and steel, Chanen said in 1962. “We must keep pace with the problems of health, welfare, and recreation.

A city such as Phoenix can’t continue its growth unless the United Fund agencies are supported so that all people, whether they are fortunate or unfortunate, are able to get assistance when they need it.”

For all of his construction expertise, Chanen never forgot that people in the buildings came first.

Left: Herman Chanen on the 15th floor during construction of the Arizona Title Building, 1963.

Right top to bottom: Herman Chanen in Terminal 2 at Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport, 1968.

Herman Chanen (center, sitting) reviewing blueprints, 1964.

Herman Chanen doing philanthropic work in South Phoenix, 1969.

“K-9 Keyhole” during construction of the Arizona Title Building, 1962.

Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

FORTY SIX

MARCH APRIL 2023

DOUGLAS TOWNE

P

Image Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

hoto ops with the governor, the mayor, and the proprietors of Kelly’s Steak House were all on the agenda when boxer George Foreman visited Phoenix in 1969. His appearance at the acclaimed restaurant and nightclub at 2730 North Central Avenue came as Foreman was fresh off his heavyweight gold medal performance in the 1968 Olympics. The 20-yearold boxer had become a media favorite after waving an American flag from the ring following his victory over a Russian fighter in the finals in Mexico City.

The champ’s visit to Arizona supported the Job Corps, whom he credited with his success after having a troubled youth. The program, started in 1964 and administered by the U.S. Department of Labor, offered young men and women free education and vocational training. Job Corps allowed Foreman, a ninth-grade dropout, to finish his high school education and take up boxing.

“There is political power and the power to take advantage of opportunities,” Foreman told The Arizona Republic. “That’s important.” The boxer envisioned graduating from college with a sociology degree and becoming the world’s

heavyweight boxing champ.

While Foreman never completed his degree, he did become a two-time heavyweight champion and retired with a 76-5 record during a long career that stretched until 1997.

After that, the charismatic pugilist became a successful entrepreneur known for the George Foreman Grill. He sold the commercial rights for $138 million in 1999.

Image Courtesy of Author

BIG GEORGE VISITS KELLY’S STEAK HOUSE

Image Courtesy of Author

Back When

ROBERT GOSNELL SR.’S MEDIEVAL DINING EXPERIENCE: GREEN GABLES RESTAURANT Douglas Towne

O

nce upon a time, an extraordinary restaurant magically transported a generation of Phoenicians back through time and space to King Arthur’s court in medieval England. Beckoned by flaming torches along stone walls, motorists entered the compound through a gate and were led to the castle door by a knight in shining armor atop a white horse.

Then, while trumpeters announced guest FORTY EIGHT

arrivals and Robin Hood parked their car, Lady Guinevere escorted them to their table in a dining room decorated with armor, crossbows, and pikes.

“It was like having dinner in a room out of a fairy tale,” columnist Dorothy Kilgallen wrote in Good Housekeeping magazine.

Green Gables restaurant at the southwest corner of 24th Street and Thomas Road transformed special occasions into MARCH APRIL 2023

Images Courtesy of Dan Gosnell Jr.

Above: Entrance to Green Gables restaurant, 1949.

Right: Dan Gosnell Sr. and Duncan Hines at the original Green Gables restaurant, early 1940s.

Left: Green Gables matchbook.

regal events and became synonymous with milestone celebrations to many Phoenicians. “On my 21st birthday, I had my first drink with my mother at lunch at Green Gables in 1970,” Phoenix historian John Jacquemire recalls as if still savoring the Harvey Wallbanger. “After this mild initiation, I returned to Green Gables for happy hour.”

Hollywood celebrities such as Henry Fonda, Bob Hope, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Mario ARIZCC.COM

Lanza, and Clark Gable, who held his wedding reception there, gravitated to the upscale restaurant, which employed future star Waylon Jennings, who worked as a busboy. Before remodeling itself as a superstar theme restaurant, Green Gables had been a nondescript eatery that struggled to attract customers. But overnight, it became the talk of Phoenix, thanks to a publicity stunt conceived by its owner, Robert Gosnell Sr. A bank teller for Downtown’s Phoenix National Bank in the 1930s, Gosnell was disappointed with nearby eating options and decided he could do better. With a $22,000 bank loan, Gosnell purchased an 11-acre triangle formed by Thomas Road, 24th Street, and the Grand Canal on the city’s

outskirts. In his spare time, using construction skills acquired from working on Horse Mesa and Coolidge dams in the 1920s, he built the original Green Gables. Sleeping on-site in a dirt-floor shack, he completed the modest wooden restaurant, which featured 30-cent martinis and mouthwatering porterhouse steaks in 1939.

“You could hardly get there for the cows,” Gosnell told The Arizona Republic in 1984. “There were dairy herds on all sides.”

Perhaps because of the manure aroma, hungry diners failed to materialize. Customers were so sparse that Gosnell coaxed his aunt and her sewing-circle friends to sit in the restaurant so it would look busy, according to a 1958 Popular Mechanics article.

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

Image Courtesy of Dan Gosnell Jr.

Gosnell sponsored the first live radio broadcast from an airplane over Phoenix to publicize his little-known business in 1940.

He removed the plane’s seats and squeezed a piano into the cabin, according to the book Sky Pioneering by Ruth Reinhold. Jazz tunes played aloft by pianist Francis Beck were transmitted to KTAR studios, where future Arizona Governor John Howard Pyle provided commentary.

Unbeknownst to Gosnell, who was aloft in the airplane, halfway through the flight circling the city, a glitch abruptly ended the musical transmission. Valley residents who had been listening to the broadcast feared the worst. Distraught listeners jammed the phone lines to the police, airport, and KTAR’s offices wondering where the plane had crashed.

FIFTY

Gosnell learned of the technical snafu when he landed and thought his marketing idea had failed. But, to his relief, the opposite occurred: The attention generated by the failed broadcast ushered in crowds to Green Gables.

The restaurant thrived through World War II, but Gosnell had bigger plans for Green Gables. “Ever since I was a youngster, I treasured tales of Robin Hood and his merry men, all woven in with the pageantry of Olde England,” Gosnell told the Republic in 1969.

Gosnell had the old restaurant building hauled away to become the jockey club at the Arizona Downs horse track at Thomas Road and 62nd Street and built a new, larger restaurant on the same lot. He hauled 500 tons of sandstone from Ash Fork to create a

medieval fortress. Green Gables reopened to incredible fanfare in 1949.

“It was the place to be!” neighborhood historian Tim Anderson exclaims.

“The traffic on Thomas Road backed up to 16th Street, waiting to get into the parking lot. They had knights on horses walk along serving cocktails to people idling in their cars.”

Customers watched Robin Hood storm Green Gables to duel with knights in chain Top: Entrance to Green Gables restaurant, 1949.

Top right: Robin Hood’s Merry Men promote the new Ambassador Manor housing subdivision at 40th Street and Thomas Road constructed by the Staggs-Bilt Corporation, early 1950s.

Right: Dan Gosnell Sr. inspects his medieval knights, 1949.

MARCH APRIL 2023

Images Courtesy of Dan Gosnell Jr.

ARIZCC.COM

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

Images Courtesy of Dan Gosnell Jr.

Top: Robin Hood’s Merry Men rob Valley National Bank President Walter Bimson at Green Gables, 1950s.

Left: A Green Gables customer with singer Rita McCann, 1950s.

Above: Dan Gosnell Sr. orchestrates a Valentine’s Day celebration, 1950s.

mail armor. “Gosnell was a big supporter of ASU football, and most of the guys in costume played on the team,” Anderson says.

“While it was customary to tip the knights, big-time football supporters gave them huge gratuities.”

Three knights, along with a horse, either Checkers or Cisco, were usually on duty. “The knight on the horse wore a metal chest plate, a knight’s hood, and carried a sword,” former knight Bob Kenneavy FIFTY TWO

recalls. “We would switch off who rode the horse as it got hot wearing all that armor.”

The medieval fantasyland was fertile terrain for horseplay for one customer - a Springerville rancher celebrating the sale of his cattle at Tovrea Stockyards. Leaving the restaurant, the tipsy cowboy eyed the knight in armor sitting atop his horse directing traffic.

“He took off on the run, made a mighty leap, and landed on the horse behind the

knight,” Arizona State Historian Marshall Trimble says. “The horse bucked, unloading both riders. The knight landed on the asphalt with a resounded clatter that scattered his lance and armor. Not surprisingly, the rancher became persona non grata afterward.”

The knights could be their worst enemies when trying to attract fair maidens.

“One decided to show off by galloping his horse, but he hadn’t cinched the saddle tight enough,” Tempe homemaker Barbara Boettcher recalls while visiting the restaurant as a teenager. “The knight didn’t appear very regal when he tumbled off the horse.”

The entertainment continued inside, where Hayder Hendershott and his Merrie Men, along with singer Rita McCann, performed popular tunes mixed with Old English ballads. In addition, KTAR broadcast from the restaurant during lunch, allowing customers to chat live on the radio.

A cheeky court jester puppet named Wamba enlivened the dining experience.

He popped out of the tower wall to mess with the staff and customers. “One evening, he called me by name and reminded me to ‘Eat my vegetables,’” long-time Phoenix resident Stephanie Foster recalls.

“I was so embarrassed!”

MARCH APRIL 2023

Above: Dan Gosnell Sr. with Miss America Jacque Mercer, 1949.

Right: Al Scully, Hayder Hendershott, and two customers (r-l) at Green Gables, 1950s.

Below: Robin Hood brings an invitation to a Green Gables lunch for kids, 1950s.

Images Courtesy of Dan Gosnell Jr.

Although Gosnell turned the day-today management of Green Gables over to the Fred Harvey Company in the mid1950s, he only sold the restaurant in 1969.

The Phoenix landmark continued as John’s Green Gables for another 15 years, but its charm ebbed. “It was sad watching it go downhill over time, first losing the knightly greeter, then the remodeling necessitated by the widening of 24th Street,” photo historian Jeremy Rowe reflects.

Investors purchased the property in 1984 and constructed a four-story office building, which preserved part of the original restaurant – and its name. “I think it’s a wonderful idea because nobody else could run it [Green Gables] as well as I did,” Gosnell boasted to the Republic about the redevelopment.

As if to prove Gosnell’s claim, the new owners allowed him to throw a farewell party for the restaurant, which included all the Sherwood Forest fanfare and the original band. Guests purchased the furnishings at auction.

“During the restaurant’s heyday, Gosnell was always there,” Anderson says. “It was his baby; he was the element that made it fantastic.”

When Gosnell died in 1994 at age 84, former Arizona Governor Jack Williams spoke reverently of the man who created an enchanted bit of Old England in the desert. “He introduced Phoenix to the fine art of dining,” Williams said. “It was quite an affair at the time as Phoenix had no great restaurants until the Green Gables.” Nor any knights on horseback.

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ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

FUR COATS, ESCARGOT, AND MARTINIS: DINNER AT NAVARRE’S IN UPTOWN PLAZA Douglas Towne

N

avarre’s occupied a unique niche in elite mid-century Phoenix restaurants. “Navarre’s was Durant’s for ladies — sherry French salad dressing instead of garlic French; tablecloths at lunch as well as dinner; white wrought-iron dividers, and softer colors,” Marc Cavness, a 77-year-old Phoenix attorney, says. “Out front at night, the valets parked Cadillacs and Lincolns with their grills facing perpendicular to Camelback Road, advertising that rich people eat here.”

FIFTY FOUR

But those well-heeled restaurant patrons were in for a shock one evening.

“In the late 1950s, when Camelback lacked a curb or sidewalk on the north side, a friend who had spent some time at the Clown’s Den [a lounge featuring “King Size” cocktails in the Arizona Manor resort at 24th Street and Camelback] veered to the right just enough to take out the front of all the customers’ cars parked there. He was driving a county car assigned him as a chief deputy county attorney. The next day

car privileges were revoked for all county attorneys.”

While most trips to Navarre’s weren’t quite so exciting, a generation of customers is united in their fondness for the elegant dining and drinking establishment that became a weekly habit for the wealthy and a place for others to celebrate special occasions.

In 1954, the Del E. Webb Construction Co. held a groundbreaking ceremony at the northeast corner of Central Avenue and Camelback to build Uptown Plaza, of which Navarre’s restaurant was a high-profile tenant. The shopping center’s architect was H.H. Green, and Tucson developer Roy Drachman was its leasing agent.

Paul and Bernadine Navarre owned the supper club. The Toledo, Ohio, natives

MARCH APRIL 2023

Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Top left: Navarre’s matchbook.

Left: Del Webb representatives, Howard Boice, chief of operations, and Fred McDowell, job superintendent; co-owner Bernadine Navarre; leasing agent Roy Drachman; architect H.H. Green; and co-owner Paul Navarre (l-r) at Navarre’s groundbreaking, 1954.

Above: A Caterpillar blade in operation at Navarre’s groundbreaking, 1954.

Below: A Pioneer Steel Co. crane lifting material onto the roof of Navarre’s, 1955.

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ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

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Image Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Left: Navarre’s entrance, 1956.

Above: Navarre’s dining room, 1955.

Right: Actor Robert Stack of the ABC TV show, The Untouchables, at Navarre’s, 1960.

had moved to Arizona from California in 1945 and had initially launched the Arizona Outdoor Furniture Co. On January 27, 1955, Navarre’s opened at 52 East Camelback. The host, Paul Navarre, touted “Serving the Finest Cocktails, The Most Satisfying American and French Dishes” while being entertained by “The Keyboards” featuring Bob and Olympia Lloyd.

Navarre’s was an instant success. “We had the parking concession there starting in 1956,” Ed Chilleen, a future restaurateur, recalls. “Jimmy Thomason was the manager, Don Shourds worked the front door, and Tiger and Glen were behind the bar.

Mike Heimer was a regular with his family in the 1950s and ‘60s. “I would have a Roy Rogers, and my sister would have a Shirley Temple,” he says. I remember the crudité platter on the table with ice and lots of fresh vegetables. Dinner or sports coats were required, and I think a tie. The food was excellent, but Joe Hunt’s and Durant’s were equally good.”

Navarre’s specialized in prime rib, steaks, and lamb, but some patrons gravitated to Gulf Port salad, Seafood Louie, or other options on the menu. “My favorite ARIZCC.COM

was Chicken Kiev and flaming cherries jubilee,” Sherry Kirksey says.

In 1957, the Navarre’s sold their interest in the restaurant to manage the Saratoga Inn in Saratoga, Wyoming. The couple later returned to Phoenix and passed away in the mid-1980s. The new owners of Navarre’s were the Del Webb Corporation

and Jim Thomason, who was also the restaurant’s manager. Thomason had operated a restaurant in Chicago before moving to Phoenix in 1950 and had locally managed the Flame and the Skylark eateries.

According to Clementine Paddleford, a columnist for the New York Herald Tribune, the food sparkled. “Navarre’s is typical of ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

high fashion, so very, very French yet very, very American in that roast beef and beef steak are the big deal. We arrived without a reservation, a minute before 7, to find the place booked until 9:30. You could occupy spare time drinking in the pleasant lounge fronting a bar backed by growing vines fenced off from the dining area by white grill work,” she wrote in 1959. “We waited, and it was a dinner worth waiting for. Sirloin steak for two appeared as a miniature model for a world’s fair building. The meat was a good four inches thick, centered on the broiling board, and dressed to make every taste bud quiver.”

By 1966, ownership had passed to Lonnie McFadden and Don Shourds, who took over as manager in 1964. McFadden was a Globe native associated with Del E. Webb’s motor hotel and restaurant division and became the Arizona Restaurant Association president in 1968.

In the mid-1960s, Navarre’s featured “informal modeling” during weekday lunches. “I loved to go there with my mom for lunch,” Glenna Teel says. “The models would come to the table and tell you about their outfit and leave a card from the store.”

The upscale dining could be intimidating for budding adults, including Norman Barnett, who took his teenage girlfriend to Navarre’s for prom. “The waiter had such a thick European accent; I couldn’t understand a word he said. At one point, he came over with a silver carafe of coffee and asked something,” Barnett recalls. “Not knowing what he said, I replied: ‘Please, pour some more.’ My girlfriend laughed as the waiter rolled his eyes, poured me a cup, and walked away kind of snooty. I asked: ‘What’s so funny?’ She replied, ‘He asked

Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Above: Jim Thomason, Navarre’s manager with a model, Mary Welch, 1960.

Right: Navarre’s entrance, 1956.

Below: H.H. Green, L.C. Jacobson, and Roy Drachman (l-r), on behalf of the Del E. Webb Construction Co., accept an award for their work on Uptown Plaza from the National Association of Home Builders, 1956.

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if you were ready for the check.’ The meal cost me a small fortune but was a good memory.”

Joyce Williamson Leonardi had a similar experience when she went to Navarre’s on her first fancy dinner date in 1974. “I learned what snails were called when you eat them: escargot,” she says with a laugh.

For others, the entertainment brought them back, including Rusty Warren, who played piano and sang in the lounge.

“Rusty Warren was a character I remember as friendly, loud, and bright -- as in red hair and vivid clothing,” Karen Kamrar says.

“She had a record my parents owned that they only played when kids went to bed, with R-rated tunes called Knocker’s Up. The restaurant was a tradition for many Phoenix residents, and many had their favorite tables and servers. “My father-inlaw often had luncheons there with business acquaintances,” recalls Nancy Roberts Elzey. “He had the same table, and the waitress trained only to bring him soda water when the others ordered alcoholic drinks.”

Shourds bought out McFadden to become the sole owner in 1979. Navarre’s suffered a setback when a fire gutted the kitchen in 1981. “The front of the restaurant remained pretty much the same, but there were some changes in the kitchen,” Jane Bringgold says. “But the economy and clientele were changing too. Many longtime Phoenix restaurants were closing or shifting to the next generation.” Navarre’s didn’t survive the transition and served their last meal on August 18, 1988.

After Navarre’s closed, Shourds opened his own restaurant at 4622 North Seventh Avenue in Phoenix. The eponymous eatery was short-lived, and he later served as co-host of Beef Eaters at 200 West Camelback Road. “Shourds brought a lot of clientele and great stories with him from when he had worked at Navarre’s,” says Horace Mick, who worked at Beef Eaters as a teenager.

Navarre’s patrons have their favorite entrée or memory. “My mother only wore her fur coat once a year for Christmas Eve dinner at Navarre’s,” Laura Cavness says.

While Athia Hardt recalls an unforgettable attribute of the dining room. “There was a booth in Navarre’s where you could whisper and be heard across the room,” she says. “I found out by accident!”

But Danilo Gurovich is one of the few who can still taste Navarre’s. “I have the recipe for their house dressing,” he says.

“Christa Kent Navarre gave it to my dad in 1956 when he opened his motor hotel in Miami, Arizona.” [see danilogurovich.wordpress.com/2009/08/03/dankos-dressing]

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ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

ROUTE 66 COMES TO ROOSEVELT ROW: GARFIELD’S LITTLE CHEF DINER Douglas Towne

“I

says Young, referring to Roosevelt Row’s popularity and expansion east of Seventh Street.

The Little Chef Diner was one of an estimated 3,500 diners built by Valentine Manufacturing in Wichita, Kansas.

Arthur Valentine founded the company in 1947, which made prefabricated diners for almost 20 years. Valentine Manufacturing shipped fully equipped mobile restaurants across the country to enterprising folks.

“Because of their small size, Valentines could be transported economically, and it is believed that they operated in all 48 contiguous states, with the possible exception of Washington,” Richard Gutman, who has authored four books on diners, says. “Their relative ease of transport and efficient operation are among the reasons for their survival and appeal today.”

A diner could be operational hours after being placed on a concrete slab and hooked up to utilities. The 10-foot-by-25foot structure came complete with pots, dishes, glasses, and silverware. “Valentine

was a genius,” Young says. “He saw a need to create for the ‘little guy’ the means to accomplish the ultimate dream: business ownership. Two people could manage the operation, one overseeing the counter and another waiting for customers at the walk-up window. It was the quintessential mom-and-pop operation.”

Valentine Manufacturing also provided financing. Would-be hash-slingers could Valentine Manufacturing Co.’s Little Chef diner brochure, 1947.

Images Courtesy of Robert Young

t was love at first sight,” Robert Young says of the moment more than 40 years ago when he saw a shuttered diner for sale on Route 66 in Williams, Arizona. Young purchased what’s now called the Little Chef Diner and had it moved to Phoenix. Soon afterward, several people in Northern Arizona town called, imploring him to return the charming diner.

“They realized the mistake they made in allowing it to slip through their fingers,” Young says. Williams’ loss was Downtown Phoenix’s Garfield neighborhood’s gain.

The living culinary museum, whose name derives from “dining car,” features nine aqua-blue stools around a red counter.

The diner at 924 East Roosevelt Street has become a hipster haunt and a vital part of the revitalization of the historic district.

The vintage relic opened in Phoenix as the Welcome Diner in 2003.

After several changes of operators, it’s now called the Little Chef Diner. “I tell people instead of the famous saying, ‘Go West, young man!’ they should go east instead,”

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Images Courtesy of Robert Young

Top: Little Chef Diner as the Hi-Way Diner on Route 66 in Williams, 1979.

Right: Valentine Manufacturing Co.’s Little Chef diner brochure, 1947.

purchase their own diner, which cost, on average, $5,000, in monthly installments by placing 10 percent of each day’s profits in a small wall safe located just inside the door. A company representative regularly visited to collect the money. An overdue bill brought the threat of, quite literally, removing the diner.

Six Valentine diners operated along Route 66 in Arizona after World War II, in Holbrook, Winslow (which boasted two Valentines), Twin Arrows, Flagstaff, and ARIZCC.COM

Williams. “These diners were open 24 hours,” says Daniel Zilka, director of the American Diner Museum in Providence, Rhode Island. “You got the key to the door, and you threw it away because you never closed it. Truckers and tourists could stop for a quick, affordable meal and head out.”

Diners developed their own jargon; a call

for “Blowout patches smothered in axle grease and a cup of mud” was code for an order of pancakes with butter and coffee.

Young was looking through The Arizona Republic’s “Business Opportunities” classified section in 1979 when he saw a diner for sale for $3,400 in Williams. Intrigued, he drove north to examine the Hi-Way ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

Images Courtesy of Robert Young

Diner that was located next to a Texaco gas station on the eastbound leg of Route 66.

Diners are identified by manufacturer and model, each bearing a serial number, and this one was Valentine Little Chef #683. “It didn’t look like it had been used for easily a decade. The Valentine diners just couldn’t compete with fast-food restaurants,” Young, an 85-year-old attorney, laments.

He purchased the diner, had it hauled to Phoenix on a flatbed truck, and set it on a vacant lot he owned at the northwest corner of Roosevelt and 10th streets three years later. He renamed it Lil Robert’s Diner after his son, and it sat idle for more than two decades. Unfortunately, the diner became a graffiti magnet, but the city wasn’t much help in confronting the problem as it considered the diner an eyesore that should be demolished. “But historic building consultant Roger Brevoort saw the merit in the diner and helped me convince the Phoenix Historic Preservation Office that it was worth saving,” Young recalls.

In 2003, the diner came to life when restaurateur Sloane McFarland leased,

Image Courtesy of Author

Top: Garfield’s Little Chef Diner as Lil Robert’s Diner, 1982.

Above: Garfield’s Little Chef Diner being delivered to its current location in Phoenix’s Garfield neighborhood, 1979.

Left: The diner’s owner, Robert Young, when the business was called the Welcome Diner, 2017.

SIXTY TWO

renovated, and opened it as the Welcome Diner. The tiny eatery flourished under several chefs and was sometimes used as a pop-up culinary showcase for those local chefs wanting to experiment with new concepts. The Welcome Diner attracted a vast following when the Old Dixie’s Food Truck operators, Michael Babcock, and his wife, Jenn Robinson, took over the grill offering Southern comfort food in 2013.

In an unusual twist, the diner stayed put, but the business moved on. McFarland left the vintage digs in 2018 to open a retro restaurant also called the Welcome Diner MARCH APRIL 2023

Images Courtesy of Author

in a building a few blocks away at 929 East Pierce Street. Meanwhile, the late 1940s diner is now open as the Little Chef Diner, operated by Mike and Daphnie Beltran.

How did a tiny diner with a walk-up window succeed in the hyper-competitive Phoenix restaurant market? “It’s a huge novelty, and it thrives with the added outdoor dining area,” Young says. “Even during the winter months, people love eating outside until late at night, with a little assistance from propane heaters. The diner’s cocktails seem to serve as antifreeze,” he adds with a laugh.

The social aspect is central to the diner experience. “Diners are intimate

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community gathering places without regard to class, where lawyers, salesmen, and vagabonds rub shoulders,” Zilka says.

“What’s special is the interaction between customers, the banter with the server, and the sounds and smells from the nearby grill as food is prepared.”

Zilka, an architect, applauds Young’s preservation efforts and says that’s why he focused on the topic many years ago.

“Unlike a movie theater or bowling alley, you can pick up a diner and move it,” he says. “They’re doable preservation projects. Seeing people demolishing them is an absolute sin because they’re so transportable.”

Above: Payment box at Little Chef Diner, 2017.

Above left: Garfield’s Little Chef Diner, 2022.

Young’s passion for diners sparkles like the stainless-steel surfaces at Little Chef Diner as he talks about their virtues. He unconsciously spins a turquoise stool while trumpeting the Valentine Little Chef diners’ vital role in shaping Route 66 in Arizona.

He admits to having a soft spot for the remaining Valentine diner in Winslow but thinks it should remain along the Mother Road. “Perhaps in my next life, I can come back to fulfill my dream of flipping hamburgers at the Little Chef diner in Winslow,” he says.

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

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THE PHOENIX STEAK HOUSE GRACED BY A LEPRECHAUN:

KELLY’S ON CENTRAL Billy Horner

Image Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

K

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elly’s Steak House was a friendly competitor of Durant’s and Navarre’s along North Central Avenue in the Swinging ‘60s, but it had one element the others couldn’t match: a leprechaun. “Kelly’s interior décor featured shamrocks and various shades of green, a tribute to my father’s Irish heritage,” Patricia Lee Kelly, who worked there, says. “Every year on St. Patrick’s Day, a leprechaun would appear and sit at the piano and sing Irish songs.

Then he’d vanish until the next year. To my knowledge, Dad never hired anyone to play the part.”

James Kelly was the host of this restaurant which opened in 1962 and soon expanded into a nightclub. The World War II veteran became a successful businessman by launching Yellow Front stores and later a trio of nightspots, including Kelly’s.

So what made Kelly, whose retail strategy of “Buy Low, Sell Low,” such a successful restauranteur? He mentored a loyal staff, attracted celebrity patrons, and had a calm attorney handy when chaos erupted.

Kelly was born in Palmyra, New York, and moved to Arizona in 1920 with his parents as an infant. He grew up in Phoenix and attended Phoenix Union High School and later George Washington University in Washington D.C. before entering military service for World War II. Kelly served as a Navy officer; his last assignment was in Kingman, Arizona, where he met and married Fayrell Davis Stone. After Kelly gained restaurant experience, the couple moved to Phoenix in 1945.

While Kelly would launch a military surplus store called Yellow Front with his longtime friend, Don Frederickson, his first love was operating restaurants. So in 1962, Kelly returned to the food and beverage industry when he leased the controversial Golden Drumstick Restaurant from L.L. Stroud, the president of Harry L. Nace Theaters.

The restaurant initially opened in 1950, and Stroud and business partner William White modeled it after the Golden Drumstick in Tulsa, Oklahoma, which opened two years earlier. Stroud took out a $25,000 building loan for the structure under the Nace Investment & Operating Left: Singer Nadine Jensen with her band at Kelly’s, 1965.

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

1952 when Stroud issued a suit against the union. During the mid-1950s, two more Golden Drumstick restaurants opened in Tucson and Flagstaff.

In 1962, Kelly hired architects Pierson & Miller to remodel the 10,000-squarefoot building, moving the main entrance from the east to the north side. Harry Nace had his office on the property, next to the restaurant, which was demolished during renovations. The restaurant’s address changed from 2736 to 2730 North Central Avenue.

Kelly’s had a staff of 60 and could seat 300 patrons. Parking for 100 cars was available both adjacent to and across the street from the restaurant. Entertainers such as The Tonight Show band leader Skitch Henderson and other lounge acts performed nightly. “A lady and her husband would come in all dressed in yellow and sing “Yellow Bird,” Kelly recalls. “She was off-key and off-kilter, and Dad politely escorted her to the door.”

An unforgettable tragedy at Kelly’s occurred in a bar booth. “One night, a couple was sitting in a booth, and a little while after, a man walked in and shot both to death with a 38 Special snub-nose,” Kelly says. “The woman who was shot was the man’s wife and having an affair. Dad’s lawyer, Hap Bordman, was there and asked the man if he would sit and have a drink. The distraught guy replied, ‘Yes, I think I will.’

The police would arrive not long after.”

Kelly’s had a loyal customer base and attracted celebrities. “Bob Hope and Bing Crosby came in with two lovely young blondes one evening, as did Yvonne De Carlo and husband, actor Bob Morgan,” Kelly says. “One night, I came home and

Co., with a $90,000 overall investment upon completion. The Golden Drumstick ran grand opening ads in The Arizona Republic touting “The Finest Food in Town at SENSATIONALLY Low Prices.” The restaurant’s menu offered multiple chicken and seafood options, sides, and desserts and had a “Take-Home Dept,” a forerunner of drive-thru service.

Despite the Golden Drumstick’s popularity, labor issues plagued the eatery.

Stroud hadn’t signed a contract with the hotel, restaurant, and bartenders’ union, so members picketed the restaurant. Union pickets even blocked the State Fair entrance because Stroud had the concession to sell fried chicken and shrimp in 1951. The contract also included furnishing meals and milk for 55 cents for school bands during an eight-day parade. The dispute ended in SIXTY SIX

Images Courtesy of Jim Kelly Jr.

Above: Jim Kelly Sr. Right: Jim Kelly Sr., and Fay Kelly.

MARCH APRIL 2023

Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Top right: Golden Drumstick menu, 1950s.

Above: A headline in The Arizona Republic, 1951.

Left: A union picketer at the Golden Drumstick restaurant, 1950.

Below: Mother’s Day crowd outside the Golden Drumstick, 1951.

Below left: Golden Drumstick advertisement, 1953.

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ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

saw Roy Rogers standing in our living room.

He signed his name on my brother’s bedroom wall, and my mother put a frame around it.”

Around 1966, Kelly sold his steak house to a husband-and-wife team, whom customers and employees disliked. “Nobody would come in as they ran the place into the ground and fired most of the staff,” Kelly says. “My Dad wasn’t happy and took it back, rehiring the staff.”

“Jim Kelly is Back,” proclaimed an advertisement in the Republic in 1967.

Top left: Kelly’s advertisement, 1967.

Above: Kelly’s restaurant sign, built by Virgil Moss Sign Co., 1962.

Left: Musician Skitch Henderson signing autographs at Kelly’s, 1965.

Kelly subsequently ran advertisements in the newspaper called “Kelly’s Korner,” where he would name-check patrons and announce performers at the steak house.

But Kelly, who was a trap and skeet shooter, ran into trouble in 1968. According to the Republic, Kelly told police officers that after leaving his restaurant to go home, four or five youths followed him in a car, blowing their horn, making gestures, shouting threats and insults, and proceeding to bump their vehicle into his several times.

“I didn’t want to lead them to my home, so first, I drove around,” Kelly said.

“Finally, I got mad and decided to make a stand, so I stopped on Dunlap Avenue, between Central and Seventh Street, got my skeet-shooting gun out of the trunk, and loaded it. They’d been piling out of the car and heading for me, but when they saw the gun, they took off. I didn’t want them to follow me again, so I put one shot through the engine of their car.”

Kelly was initially booked on assault with a deadly weapon, but the prosecutor filed a lesser charge upon completing the investigation. People wrote the newspaper in support of Kelly during the incident. The case went to court, and the city decided not to prosecute.

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Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Left: Kelly’s shown along North Central Avenue, 1967.

Above: The Purple Turtle in Maryvale Terrace.

The steak house closed in the early 1970s, and the building was demolished in 1985 to construct office buildings. Kelly later opened two restaurants. Kelly’s Purple

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Turtle is still in operation at Maryvale Terrace, opened after the shopping plaza went through a complete makeover in the late 1970s. Kelly’s other Purple Turtle location

offered live music at 1019 East Indian School Road and was renamed The Rhythm Room after an ownership change in 1991.

Kelly retired from the food and beverage industry in the late 1980s due to health issues. He died in 1993 at age 79. “I met James Kelly the summer before high school, and we were friends ever since,” Bob Bayless, the retired owner of Valley Sheet Metal Co., told the Republic in 1979.

“Kelly’s Steak House was a favorite haunt of old Phoenicians. Guys would hit the bar at 5 p.m. before going home to their wives.”

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

WOOLDRIDGE MANUFACTURING: INNOVATORS BEFORE SUNNYVALE BECAME SILICON VALLEY

L

ong before it became part of California’s high-tech Silicon Valley, the city of Sunnyvale was a hub of innovation. This reputation is due to Malcolm “Mack” Wooldridge, who founded Wooldridge Manufacturing Company there in 1920. The company claimed the impressive milestone of having the first patented motorized scraper in 1931. So how did such a groundbreaking piece of construction equipment come about? It all started with a young Tennessean who loved tinkering with machines.

Wooldridge was born in Memphis in 1890. His father was a pharmacist, but Wooldridge gravitated to machines and trained as an auto mechanic. In 1920, he moved to California to enter the

attached blade to push earth. Then, in 1928, a breakthrough occurred at a road building demonstration in Santa Barbara when Wooldridge and Hall were asked to demonstrate their partnered front attachment. It was a success, and they were

Image Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Right: Mack Wooldridge.

Below: Johnnie Iben Construction’s Terra-Cobra scraper rented by Arizona Sand & Rock Co. for the Phoenix-Tucson highway project, 1949.

earthmoving business. Wooldridge Manufacturing soon opened a showroom and warehouse at 825 Santa Clara Street in Sunnyvale as a Cletrac tractor and Brenneis tillage implements dealer.

Through the 1930s, the Wooldridge Manufacturing continued as a Cletrac dealer, sold used construction equipment, and opened nearby locations. The firm became the largest distributor of farming implements and tractors in the West, providing services from Lompoc to Paso Robles in central California.

Cletrac dealers Mack Wooldridge and Earl Hall were among several innovators and engineers experimenting with frontmounted angled blade attachments in the late 1920s, according to Robert W. Cermak’s Fire in the Forest: A History of Forest Fire Control on the National Forests in California. Road contractors had been using tractors with a rigid, hard-to-maneuver,

Image Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Billy Horner

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Image Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community Image Courtesy of Wooldridge Family

Images Courtesy of Construction Equipm

ent Guide

contracted to improve the tractor blade Above: Two Wooldridge Terra-Cobra scrapers attachment for fire control use. owned by Johnnie Iben Construction working The two men came up with an adjust- at Sky Harbor Airport, 1949. able angled blade attachment, adding Right: Wooldridge rippers advertisement, devices that allowed the operator to con- 1950s.

Bottom left: Wooldridge advertisement for trol the blade from his seat. The attach- Cletrac line, 1921. ment also allowed the operator to move Below: Wooldridge advertisement for angling dirt from side to side without changing blade attachment for bulldozers. the machine’s direction. The new equipment went by several names: backfiller, continued to use the term trailblazer, but angledozer, and trailblazer. Firefighters it was eventually discarded and “bulldozer,” later shortened to “dozer,” became the name still used today.

The Morrison-Knudsen Company of Boise, Idaho, was a big earthmoving outfit during the 1940s and 1950s. The company held a financial interest in Wooldridge Manufacturing and assisted in a joint venture using the bulldozer and scrapers during the construction of the Hoover Dam. In addition, Morrison-Knudsen acquired many Wooldridge scrapers for their large-scale levee and Union Pacific’s third main line projects, using them on the Missouri River over Sherman Hill from Cheyenne to Dale, Wyoming, and the St. Lawrence Seaway.

Wooldridge Manufacturing’s Terra-Cobra scraper line entered the market in the mid-1940s. The scrapers had a unique steering system that used two hydraulic cylinders running along each side frame of the tractor. A multi-strand roller chain ran from the cylinders back and around a swing circle below and concentric with the scraper’s kingpin.

Instead of a steering wheel, Terra-Cobras used a horizontal bar with short handles at each end, much like those used on ARIZCC.COM

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

Left: A Wooldridge Terra-Clipper scraper being loaded at the Arizona Biltmore Squaw Peak water treatment project, 1954.

Right: Lee Redman Equipment advertisement for the Wooldridge line, 1956.

Lower right: Wooldridge Manufacturing penny token, 1948.

the early Caterpillar crawlers. Turning the bar to the left or right moved the cylinder in that direction.

As Wooldridge promoted their lines outside of California, Arizona contractors put the Wooldridge equipment to work.

Arizona Sand & Rock (ASR) and Johnnie Iben Construction used the Terra-Cobra and Terra-Clipper scrapers from 1949 to 1954. The machines contributed to notable

Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Left: Wooldridge Terra-Cobra advertisement, 1940s.

Below: Four Wooldridge scrapers lined up for auction at the Arizona Sand & Rock Co. yard, 1954.

projects, including Goodyear Farms, Sky Harbor Airport, and 11 miles of the Phoenix-Tucson highway near Red Rock.

The scraper’s most significant project was the $1.5 million City of Phoenix Filtration Plant starting in 1948. The joint venture project with Del Webb and ASR began at the Arizona Canal and Salt River junction.

Once this phase was complete, ASR continued as one of several sub-contractors for the $7 million Squaw Peak Water Expansion program. ASR blasted and excavated nearly 100,000 cubic yards of earth near the Arizona Biltmore utilizing their Wooldridge scrapers. This job would be one of the last times ASR used Wooldridge equipment. The company sold them at auction in December 1954.

The Neil B. McGinnis Company was Wooldridge’s distributor in Phoenix and Casa Grande. The company offered motor scrapers, four-wheel towed scrapers, models BB-85 and BB-120, and the THD-19 bulldozer attachments.

The HD-19 bulldozer attachment for Allis-Chalmers tractors and THD-19 for Caterpillar tractors were designed for rugged service in straight bulldozing operations. A cable-to-power control unit followed along the tractor side frame, allowing complete visibility for the operator.

In 1956, the Lee Redman Equipment Company became the exclusive distributor

SEVENTY TWO

MARCH APRIL 2023

Have an idea for a Construction or History article? contact us: Billy Horner, Publisher: Billy@arizcc.com Douglas Towne, Editor: Douglas@arizcc.com

Visit us online at: www.arizcc.com for the Wooldridge line and offered parts, sales, shop, and field service facilities. Included in their stock were smaller, high-speed, self-propelled T-70 Cobrette and Cobra Quad scrapers ranging from 10 to 26-yard heaped capacities, along with Cobra-haul rear dump haulers in the 20-to-25-ton class.

Curtiss-Wright entered the earthmoving business by acquiring Wooldridge Manufacturing, now renamed Woodbridge Corporation, for roughly $5 million in 1958. The company moved all Wooldridge machinery, patterns, and jigs from the Sunnyvale plant to Curtiss-Wright’s hub in South Bend, Indiana.

The equipment lines were rebranded as Curtiss-Wright, but the company discontinued the Wooldridge dozer blades and rippers. By the 1960s, cable systems were phased out in favor of hydraulics. Curtiss-Wright didn’t invest in the new technology and discontinued the earthmoving equipment business in 1963.

Meanwhile, the person whose talent created these machines, Malcolm Wooldridge, died at 72 in Alameda, California in 1962. He had an amazing run in the construction industry, including serving as president of American Tractor Equipment Corp. of Oakland.

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OLD SCHOOL EQUIPMENT: THE BALDERSON BOWLDOZER Billy Horner

T

the coal, lumber, landfill, and construction industries.

The rear wall of the attachment was like a straight blade with a scraper-type cutting edge at the bottom. The sideboards extended forward from 4.5-to-7 feet and were held rigid by a beam and cutting edge connecting the lower front corners. The machine’s hydraulic cylinders controlled the overall attachment. When the operator loaded the bowl to capacity, they could push a large amount of material over a long distance without losing any out the sides.

The Bowldozer attachment still resembles its original design, though the company has made minor modifications for newer machinery and equipment manufacturers.

The fifth generation of the Balderson family continues to produce attachments for the construction industry.

Above: Balderson Bowldozer manual, 1970s.

Below: Caterpillar D6B Bulldozer with a Balderson U-blade attachment at the City of Tempe landfill, 1960.

Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

he Balderson family proved that big ideas could come from little hamlets.

In the 1870s, they started a blacksmith shop in tiny Louisville, Kansas, a community with a current population of about 130 people east of Manhattan, the home of Kansas State University.

By the 1930s, the Balderson’s worked with the Kansas Highway Department to fix and improve existing road machinery and created supersized dozer blades. A Caterpillar dealer in Topeka first marketed the Balderson snowplow and other attachment lines, including their Bowldozer.

The Balderson Bowldozer became a Caterpillar-approved product, which could handle high volumes of light material such as coal, wood chips, and loose soil, while reducing side spills. Around the late 1960s, Balderson marketed their attachments to

SEVENTY SIX

MARCH APRIL 2023

Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Above: Caterpillar D9 Bulldozer working with a Balderson Bowldozer attachment at the Anaconda Company’s Twin Buttes Mine, south of Tucson, 1966.

Below: Mesa Paving using the Balderson Bowldozer at Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport, 1970.

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Building on the Past 1976: THE COMPASS ROOM AT THE HYATT REGENCY PHOENIX Douglas Towne

P

hoenix wasn’t the first city to offer a meal on a wheel turning atop a building, but that didn’t make the experience any less exciting in 1976. The Compass Room capped the newly constructed 26-story Hyatt Regency Phoenix at Second and Adams streets, across from the Phoenix Civic Plaza. Its opening was 15 years after the nation’s first revolving rooftop restaurant, La Ronde, was launched at Honolulu’s Ala Moana Building in 1961. Next to open was the Space Needle’s rotating cafe, built for the 1962 World’s Fair in Seattle, and almost 40 others soon followed in the U.S., including The Compass Room.

The Hyatt’s general contractor was Chanen Construction Co. The architect was Charles Luckman, who also designed the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas, Johnson Space Center in Houston, and Madison

PAGE

Square Garden in New York. The 216-seat restaurant made one revolution per hour, allowing guests to go around in circles admiring the panoramic view of the Valley.

The restaurant’s engineering involves a circular structure that rotates around a central core that contains the building’s essentials, such as elevators, kitchens, bathrooms, and other infrastructure. The seating area rests on a platform that sits on a series of wheels connected to the floor. A motor attached to an angled steel plate propels the restaurant, according to gizmodo.com. Because of the slow speed and fluidity of the turntable’s movement, most patrons don’t sense that they’re in motion. Tiered seating arrangements offer everyone a fabulous vista.

Author Chad Randl compares rotating restaurants to architectural barnacles, as they rely on other “host”

buildings or natural features to provide height, customers, and designs. The spinning eateries are typically found on communication towers, mountain tops, or hotels, such as the Hyatt in Downtown Phoenix.

The last rotating restaurant in the U.S. was built in 1996, atop the Stratosphere in Las Vegas. By the turn of the 21st century, many perceived them as outdated “tourist traps.” Some stopped spinning because of maintenance issues or were razed along with their host buildings. But the Hyatt’s feature, now called The Compass Arizona Grill, remains a favorite tourist destination, which locals enjoy for special occasions.

According to online reviews, the dining experience seems more memorable than the food quality. But where else can you have a few cocktails, use the restroom, and exit, only to realize your table has moved?

MARCH APRIL 2023

Image Courtesy of Author

Above: The Compass Arizona Grill at the Hyatt Regency Phoenix, 2022.

Below: Chanen Construction Co. building the Hyatt Regency Phoenix, 1975.

Right: The Compass Room during construc­tion including the glass-en­closed elevators serving the revolving restaurant (bottom), 1976.

Images ARIZCC.COM Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

A

n architect greatly impacted postWorld War II Arizona with his graceful mid-century modern and occasional “Googie-style” architecture. John Sing Tang’s work included restaurants, custom residential, single-family residential subdivisions, apartments, retail, hospitality, offices, schools, and governmental commissions at the municipal, county, and state levels.

Tang summed up his professional philosophy in 1962 for The Arizona Republic: “An architect’s responsibility goes beyond just making a pretty building that is soundly engineered. He should understand the economic purpose of the building and should design so that the owner will get the best results from the building.”

A Phoenix native, Tang was born on September 16, 1913, to (Mary) Fong Shee Tang and Yik Ging and had one older sister

Architect’s Perspective: John Sing Tang, AIA: Googie-Style Restaurants + More Doug Sydnor, FAIA

Doug_sydnor@outlook.com and four younger sisters. His family was one of the first Chinese immigrants to settle in Arizona.

Tang married Janice Lee in Tucson on June 7, 1940, and filed a World War II draft card in 1941. His two sons were born in 1944 and 1945. He graduated from Rice Institute (now Rice University) in 1944 with a Bachelor of Science in architecture.

While in Houston, he worked as a draftsman for community leader and architect Milton Bowles McGinty from 1943-1944. Then he returned to Phoenix to work as an Architectural Designer and Chief Draftsman with Lescher and Mahoney Architects from 1945 to 1947.

In 1948, he added to his Texas registration to become the first Chinese-American architect licensed in Arizona. That year, he established John Sing Tang, AIA, and Associates and became an American Institute of Architects - Arizona member with an office at 2214 North Central Avenue in Phoenix.

Tang was active in the community, including the City of Phoenix Building Department Advisory Board 1954-1955,

Images Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

Left: Architect John Sing Tang, 1957.

Below: Phoenix Central High School, 1960.

Bottom right: Staircase at Phoenix Central High School, 1957.

Phoenix Building Code Advisory Board 1956-1959, and Phoenix Housing Code City Commission 1961-1962. In addition, he served on the Lumber Merchandisers Association Commission in 1954. He was a member of the Arizona and Phoenix Optimist Clubs, Masonic Lodge #2, Chinese Chamber of Commerce, Ong Ko Met Association, Arizona Biltmore Country Club, and El Zaribah Shrine.

During the 1950s and 1960s, Tang worked on residential subdivisions in the Arcadia neighborhood of Phoenix. Western Building magazine gave positive reviews of his three Tucson-area custom homes in the Winterhaven subdivision in a 1950s issue. Tang designed and completed nine residential subdivisions in Phoenix, Tucson, and Yuma. His multifamily residential projects included Glenmar Apartments (1962) and The Caribbean Apartments (1963) in Phoenix.

Tang designed elementary, secondary, and higher educational facilities such as the Wellton Grammar School (1953), Pecan Grove Elementary School (1950s), and Gila Vista Jr. High School (1957), both in Yuma.

Commercial projects included El Rancho and Silver Spur Motels in Yuma (1950s), Frontier Town Plaza Shopping Center

EIGHTY TWO

MARCH APRIL 2023

Image Courtesy of Arizona Contractor & Community

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(1954) in Scottsdale, and Melrose Bowling Alley (1957) in Phoenix, both of which have been razed. Governmental commissions were the State of Arizona Department of Commerce Building (1970) and the State of Arizona Department of Education Building (1971).

Let’s examine three of Tang’s most significant commissions.

Phoenix’s Central High School (1957) at 4525 North Central Avenue has its administration building positioned on Central and with east/west classroom wings behind. A series of shaded breezeways, outdoor spaces, and courtyards are interwoven throughout for convenient walking distances between the structures. This elegant mid-century, two-story modern building features clean, sophisticated lines.

These buildings are cast-in-place concrete with waffle slabs supported by round columns. The exterior materials palette is understated with soft-colored brick, fullheight glazing, and solid opaque panels.

The original structure has been altered as the campus has received numerous renovations and additions, including a Valley Metro Rail stop.

The Ding Ho Restaurant (1958) is located at 2710 East Indian School Road in Phoenix. The eatery’s newspaper advertisements read “CANTON AND AMERICAN FOOD – The only Cantonese Restaurant in Phoenix to serve pan-fried Chow Foon. This is a true Cantonese Chow Mein. Also available are Steaks, Chicken, and Seafood.” The restaurant also offered “orders to go” and dine-in reservations. The Chinese restaurant visually announced itself with streetlevel signage and a tall, dramatic entryway.

The dining room had a glass face fronted to the street for maximum exposure. The roof

form had its front edge flare up to the road, and its profile reflected angular wings to the sides, which made for a striking building influenced by traditional Chinese architecture. Given its flamboyant character, it’s considered “Googie-style” architecture.

Customer parking was in the front, with staff parking and deliveries in the rear. I once enjoyed a meal at the restaurant, now called China Village, with fellow architect George C. Christensen, FAIA. Helsing’s Coffee Shop at the northwest corner of Central Avenue and Osborn Road in Phoenix opened in 1959. O. A Helsing, a restauranteur from Chicago and Miami, had previously opened a Helsing’s at the northeast corner of Central Avenue

Above: The former Ding Ho restaurant, now called China Village, on Indian School Road in Phoenix, 2022.

Below: Helsing’s Coffee Shop at Osborn Road and Central Avenue, 1966.

and Camelback Road, designed by architect Matthew E. Trudelle in 1955. Helsing later negotiated co-ownership of another restaurant with Tang, who owned the property. Tang designed the new restaurant influenced by the earlier one. The new Helsing’s was larger (6,000 vs. 4,200 square feet), seated 130 customers with a lunch counter and dining area, and had a full commercial-grade kitchen. Helsing’s architecture was modern, bold, and geometrical; it created an iconic “Googie-style” landmark.

The structure reflected a glazed pavilion that addressed the two busy streets and served as a well-lit beacon in the evening hours. Angular and broken roof forms floated over the glass and were supported by piers clad in ceramic tile. A tall, creative sign with vertically staggered individual letters visually anchored the street corner.

Helsing’s served comfort food: hamburger, fries, and a milkshake or ham and cheese sandwich with pie and coffee were popular orders. A nondescript Walgreens later replaced this innovative structure.

Tang was 74 when he died in 1987. He claimed to be pragmatic about his professional responsibilities as an architect but also consistently demonstrated that he was a creative spirit who delivered a wide range of aspirational architectural expressions.

Tang’s design skills served his clientele well, evidenced by much of his built work still standing after almost 70 years.

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

Some of Tang’s Other Arizona Projects: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

c.1950 3106 North 15th Avenue residence, Phoenix 1951 Sun View Estates, Phoenix 1951 Rancho Del Monte Estates, Phoenix 1951 Better Made Potato Chips, Phoenix 1953 Peach Grove School, Yuma 1953 Wellton Grammar School, Wellton 1953 Silver Spur Motel, Yuma 1953 Central Avenue and Pierson Shopping Center, Phoenix 1953 Associated Grocers Warehouse & Administrative Complex, Phoenix 1954 Bank of Douglas, Yuma 1954 National Dollar Store, Mesa 1957 Melrose Bowl, Phoenix (demolished) 1957 Yuma Elementary School, Yuma 1957 National Life & Casualty Office Building, Phoenix (demolished) 1958 Barney J. Leonard residence, Paradise Valley 1958 Frontier Town Plaza Shopping Center, Scottsdale (demolished) 1962 Conn & Candlin CPA Office, Phoenix 1963 The Caribbean Apartments, Phoenix 1964 Arizona Land Title Building, Phoenix 1970 Arizona Department of Commerce Building, Phoenix 1971 Arizona Department of Education Building, Phoenix

Douglas B. Sydnor, FAIA, is Principal at Douglas Sydnor Architect + Associates, Inc. and the author of three Arizona architecture books.

Images Courtesy of Author

Top: The “Party House” at 3106 North 15th Avenue in Phoenix, 2022.

Above: Conn & Candlin Office in Phoenix, 2022.

Right: Arizona Department of Education in Phoenix, 2022.

Below: Shopping center along Central Avenue at Pierson Street in Phoenix, 2022.

EIGHTY FOUR

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Image Courtesy of Author

Billy Horner

F

‘Lunchbox Smitty’ because he carried the same lunch box to work and would always bring items and animals home from work,” Dan Horner, my uncle, says.

Around 1927, Smith began driving trucks loaded with pipes when the oil boom started in Texas. In some rough working conditions, he learned how to operate heavy machinery. Then, in the early 1930s, Smith worked for the Shell Oil Company, stringing pipe in Oklahoma and Kansas for oil wells. “Dad’s neck was broken before Below: Smith (left) sitting on Shell Oil rig, late 1920s.

Right: Barnstorming biplane painting, 1930.

I was born in 1935 when pipe he was unloading hit him when his helper rolled it the wrong way off the truck,” Frankie Altman, his daughter, says.

Smith later became a pilot and flew biplanes, participating in air shows and barnstorming as a hobby in the 1930s. He also performed wing walks and parachuted more than 100 times, a big draw in those days, according to Altman. “Smith broke his

Image Courtesy of Frankie Altman

rank Smith arrived in Tempe, Arizona, in 1945. I never met him, but my dad thought fondly of him as a “fun” grandfather. “Every time we went to visit, he would let me drive his car around Youngtown and smoke cigarettes when I was 12,” Billy Joe Horner, my dad, told me. But, of course, things were a bit different back then. I had heard about Frank and his ties to construction and recently met with my great Aunt Frankie to get the story.

Smith, known as Smitty, was my dad’s mother’s father. He was born in 1908 in Arkadelphia, Arkansas, and left home at age 14 to work as a laborer and later as a driller in the oil fields. “People called him

Top left: Smith operating a bulldozer at Caterpillar Proving Grounds.

Above: Caterpillar Proving Grounds, 1965.

Image Courtesy of The Outer Topic

DIGGING THROUGH THE ARCHIVES: FRANK SMITH

EIGHTY SIX

MARCH APRIL 2023

Images Courtesy of Frankie Altman

Above: Smith (center) with his siblings, 1910s.

Right: Smith (waving to the camera) with his pipeline crew, early 1930s.

Below: Smith (left) with his pipeline crew, early 1930s.

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ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

Image Courtesy of Author

EIGHTY EIGHT

Top left: Smith with his wife, Geneva, and daughters, 1952.

Above: Overweight Shell Oil drilling rigs damaged almost 30 bridges near Chicago, including this one, in 1940.

Right: Smith (bottom right) at Caterpillar Proving Grounds, mid-1960s.

chief heavy equipment operator for the Maricopa Water District. He was responsible for maintaining the canal roads and irrigation infrastructure from Surprise to Lake Pleasant. He later became a heavy equipment operator for local contracting companies but returned to the water district.

Smith befriended coworker Earl Horner, who had two sons who also worked there.

Horner’s younger son, Bill, married Smith’s daughter Jodeane.

Smith’s wife, Geneva, worked for Dysart High School for 30 years. “Dysart went from one school to four schools while Geneva was there,” Altman says. “She went from feeding less than 100 kids to feeding over 3,000 daily.”

To finish his career, Smith became one of the first equipment operators hired as a tester for Caterpillar at their proving grounds in the White Tank Mountains.

“While testing a D9 pushing material over a cliff, it went too far over, dangling on the cliffside,” Altman says. “Unable to back up on top of the hill, Caterpillar had to build the slope up, then Smith walked the machine down, with the cable assisting from the top.”

Smith had a unique buddy at the proving grounds. “When Smith worked in the shop, he always brought an extra sandwich to the raccoon that lived there--that creature loved him!”

Smith continued flying and purchased a Piper Cub in 1957, which he stored at Air

Images Courtesy of Frankie Altman

leg while parachuting,” she says. “His chute collapsed over a natural gas torch, and he fell to the ground. He had on a pair of black boots, and he refused to wear black boots or shoes after that. He thought black was bad luck as he had never jumped in black ones before.”

Another exciting aerial display occurred when Smith had his brother, Calvin, fly a plane in a Fourth of July show because he had a broken leg. They planned to throw dynamite over Burbank, Kansas, for a “big bang.” Unfortunately, a stick of dynamite got caught on the struts of the wing, and Smith had to crawl out and use his crutch to dislodge the explosive before it went off.

In 1938, Smith became a superintendent for Ferguson Bros., in charge of oil field trucks in Illinois and Indiana. The nation needed airfields constructed and upgraded during World War II to support recruits and warplanes. Ferguson Bros. won contracts for airfield construction, initially at Neosho, Missouri, and later at the Smoky Hill Army Airfield in Salina, Kansas. Smith and nearly 7,000 other workers started construction there in June 1942. The company would also build airfields in Stillwater, Oklahoma; Fort Hood in Killeen, Texas; and Oak Ridge in Kingston, Tennessee, where atomic research was conducted. Smith spent several months at each location.

Smith moved to Arizona with his wife, Geneva, and two daughters, Frankie, and Jodeane, in 1945. The couple had married in the mid-1930s. His youngest daughter inspired the move, as she was ill with rheumatic fever, and doctors told him an arid climate would help. Smith packed his family in a 40-foot trailer and headed west.

Smith’s first job in Arizona was as the

Haven, south of Indian School, between 27th and 35th avenues. “My parents wouldn’t let us fly with him,” Dan Horner says. “In the 1960s, he flew from Phoenix to Lake Havasu and crashed the plane on the runway while landing. So Smith called his wife, who had to drive from Youngtown to Lake Havasu to get him.”

After Caterpillar, Smith retired in Phoenix and died in 1969. “He reminded me of Ofus Bingham, the nicest guy you’ve ever met,” Dan Horner says. “Calm, slow-talking, hardworking, and always had a pocket of snuff. They don’t make them like that anymore.” Our family’s close friends, the Binghams, were a class act. The magazine’s Summer 2013, January-February 2020, and March-April 2022 issues contain articles about the Binghams.

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CASA GRANDE COTTONWOOD LAKESIDE MESA PARKER 815 W. Gila Bend Hwy. 2694 S. Union Drive 5819 Hwy. 260 1655 S. Country Club Dr. 1320 Geronimo (520) 836-8700 (928) 646-5388 (928) 251-0403 (480) 969-5516 (928) 669-9271 PRESCOTT VALLEY TUCSON TUCSON YUMA 10123 AZ-69 5225 N. Casa Grande Hwy. 4350 S. Palo Verde Rd. 3214 E. Gila Ridge Rd. #1 (928) 350-4295 (520) 887-7799 (520) 316-8139 (928) 726-4701 * $0 Down, 0% A.P.R. financing for up to 36 months on purchases of select new Kubota KX and SSV Series equipment from participating dealers’ in-stock inventory is available to qualified purchasers through Kubota Credit Corporation, U.S.A.; subject to credit approval. Some exceptions apply. Example: 36 monthly payments of $27.78 per $1,000 financed. Offer expires 03/31/23. For complete warranty, disclaimer, safety and product information see dealer or KubotaUSA.com. † For complete warranty, safety and product information, consult your local Kubota dealer and the product operator’s manual. Power (HP/KW) and other specifications are based on various standards or recommended practices. K1286-24-147147-4

NINETY TWO

MARCH APRIL 2023

&3 CAT CAT

328DL L CR 321DL CR

73,000 lb 54,000 lb

Options: Thumb, Hammer, Wheel

CAT CAT

631E 627K

34 yd 24 yd

Trimble-GPS available for certain models

ARIZCC.COM

ARIZONA CONTRACTOR & COMMUNITY

Advertisers’ index PLEASE Patronize our advertisers, they make this publication possible!

A to Z Rentals 480-558-0063 a-zequipment.com

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P. 63

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P. 24

DCS 480-732-9238 dcscontracting.com

P. 40

Landco Power 480-788-1333 landcorental.com

P. 38

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Lang & Klain 480-534-4900 lang-klain.com

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NINETY FOUR

For Advertising Inquiries contact: Billy Horner 602-931-0069 Billy@arizcc.com

MARCH APRIL 2023

HIRING ALL POSITIONS

Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring | Aluminum Hydraulic Multi-Shores | Aluminum Build-A-Box | Steel Framed Aluminum Shields Aluminum End Shores | Trench Shields | Manhole Boxes | Trench Box Accessories | Steel Crossing Plates | Concrete Barrier Wall Blowers and Sifter Screens | Confined Space and Pipe Testing Equipment | Crane Truck or Flatbed Delivery Available

LEADING THE WAY IN TRENCH SAFETY, SERVICE, AND TRAINING ARIZCC.COM

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