I NC REMENTA L RESI LIENCY THESIS JOURNAL APBL90169 | DESIGN THESIS YEAR 2020 | SEMESTER 2 SUPERVISOR | DAVID O’BRIEN 926747 | ARIEL FLORES
THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE | MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF DESIGN
PREFACE
My name is Ariel, I am highly interested in exploring suitable methods of housing in adverse locations. Originally exploring research of natural hazards and disasters, this opened up
avenues into exploring existing typological housing models in place and by understanding the success and failures from these cases, how can this project address the issues they are facing and evolve the housing model even further.
At the beginning of this thesis, I was faced with attempting to deal with disaster-related architecture and through my research, it became apparent that building for disaster is quite
a complex issue. I persisted with disaster-related architecture, the way I saw it was how
architecture responds to such disasters and natural hazards. When building in a location with any amount of populace and hard structures, when a natural hazard occurs in this area then
it is called a disaster. The term ‘natural disaster’ started to become foreign and my focus was trying to minimise risk and destruction. While my inner humanitarian wanted to resolve this issue, I knew this is something that could not be resolved with a single building or even an architectural premise.
This prompted me to explore the architecture and building that rebuilds from disaster-
affected areas and accommodates displaced persons. ‘Build back Better’ became apparent
when attempting to design in this manner. A building system and architectural typology that
eludes to do this in incremental housing, this way of building can be seen informally, where the additions and modifications are built over time to accommodate the spatial needs of the
inhabitant. Formally in a building system and architecture, the housing location is provided with a ‘sites and services’ method and the inhabitant build upon their home and making expansions where needed. This type of building system intrigued me and I wanted to explore more how this system can be applied and if it can benefit a location like the Philippines. 2
Disease
COVID
Public Health
Sea level rise
Aquatecture
Skyliving
Vetical Farming
Fossil fuels
Climate
Underground
Change
Urban Utopia
Mars
Occupation
Infrastructure
Man Made
Commercial Civic
Designing for disaster
Shelter
Temporary
Natural Hazards
Health
Public
Recovery Pemanent
Private
Earthquake
Typhoon/
Hurricane
Flooding
Landslide/ Mudslide
Housing
Build back better
Multi-
Residential Informal
Settlement Single
Dwelling
Mind mapping journey and process through thesis framing.
INCREMENTAL HOUSING
CONTENTS RESEARCH 1.0
Incremental Resiliency
7
3.0
Strategy
33
2.0 4.0
Incrementalism Study Location
DESIGN
41
5.0
Concept Design
77
7.0
Resolved Design
103
6.0
Sketch Design
BIBLIOGRAPHY 8.0
References Figures
APPENDIX 9.0
10.0
4
11
Explanatory Works
Superseded Works
87
161
CONTENTS
cultural appropriability. It responds by manipulating standardised building systems. The result is aimed to provide an alternative form
using modular processes and Elemental’s strategy of resident
diversity and looking to reveal strategies in designs located in
Baguio, Philippines. Using examples of the existing locale to provide
designs that accommodate the residents’ changing needs, which ultimately functions as a resilient system to endure the current and
PROJECT
future generations to come.
SKETCH
expectations of future outcomes; can iterate anticipated modular
CONCEPT
managed improvements; one that better appreciates the cultural
RESEARCH
This thesis challenges the issues relating to incremental housing and
THESIS
THESIS STATEMENT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 5
1.0 INCREMENTAL RESILIENCY DESIGN PROPOSAL
6
THESIS THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
7
Figure 1.0 Satellite of Baguio City
1.1 DESIGN RESEARCH
8
THESIS
has been obtained through archival, GIS, internet mapping sources, property real estate, site
With assistance from relatives working in the design and construction field, the location in
Baguio, Philippines, consisted of initial research analysing susceptible areas of typhoons, rainfall and landslide risk in the mountainous region and determining suitable locations for
Data collection of Baguio were systemized that involved the production of contextual analysis and a series of diagrammatic architectural drawings. These drawings were prepared to identify data was then speculated on the susceptible limitation and regulating factors at each given
site. Together these research approaches provide a methodological toolkit to understand suitability to accommodate the inhabitant’s requirements.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
the multi-faceted issues at Baguio and investigate the incremental housing model and its
PROJECT
the typical spatial conditions and to provide further insight into living arrangements. This
SKETCH
a potential site.
CONCEPT
surveys, trace analysis and literature reviews (Groat & Wang, 2013; Yin, 2013; Zeisel, 2006).
RESEARCH RESEARCH
This research is a mixed-methods secondary sources due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. Data
APPENDIX 9
2.0 INCREMENTALISM
10
responds to housing is Incrementalism. This building methodology accommodates
immediate needs while delivering multiple options for future expansion (Fabrizi, 2019). develop their future home.
This typically starts where the architect and builders provide the site and services like the structural shell and initial services of the house and the remaining (unfinished) parts of the house are completed by the resident (O’Brien, Carrasco, & Dovey, 2020).
This building typology is evident in multiple projects around the world. Where the formal
APPENDIX
FORMALISING THE INFORMAL
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PROCESS
PROJECT
Extensively this type of construction lowers cost through the inhabitant to self-build and
SKETCH
A particular building typology that can respond to the emergency and resiliency of housing
CONCEPT
INCREMENTAL RISE
RESEARCH RESEARCH
+
THESIS
+
incremental architecture aims to develop a higher standard of living and even for the recovery after disaster struck places, its informality of settlement makes this typology work cohesively and complex (Dovey, 2015).
11
2.1 PRECEDENTS
12
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
13
PREVI
LIMA, PERU | 1969-1976 | PETER LAND, JAMES STIRLING
PREVI (Proyecto experimental de vivienda) was a UN sponsored a project in Lima, Peru led by architect Peter Land. The project was a master plan consisting of several 1 – 3 storey
housing schemes to develop communities within large neighbourhoods (Fabrizi, 2019). The project called for 26 schemes which consisted of 13 local and 13 international designers including award-winning architects like Stirling, Alexander, Kurokawa, Correa and van Eyck
(O’Brien et al., 2020). Through follow up research after decades upon the original scheme, the
architecture evolved from its intentions where many buildings were extended vertically four to five storeys.
James Stirling’s proposal intended that the house be completed at ground level where the
house owners to complete the above storeys in ‘self-building’ styles. Stirling proposed a
growth plan of the house in stages of a four-person (4P) house into an eight-person (8P+) house. These multiple expansions were presented as the typical method of growth and how
this evolves beyond the original dwelling and would go on to continue as the house grows (Aalam, 2012).
RESEARCH REFLECTION:
Stirling’s approach to incremental building supported the resident’s interests and family
spatial requirements. The diagram depicting the plans of the gradual build was inclusive of family size from 4, 6 and 8 persons and also a shopfront accommodated the scheme to be
successful as it included a variety of options where the residents can opt for. The insight from
this study benefits my design research by exploring a ‘base option’ (sites and services) that expands with age and complexity.
14
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
Figure 2.12 Orthographic drawing of residential iteration from James Stirling
CONCEPT
Figure 2.11 Design decisions through incremental building processes.
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 2.13 PREVI’ - Stirling’s scheme 1978 and 2003 15
QUINTA MONROY IQUIQUE, CHILE | 2003 | ELEMENTAL
Quinta Monroy located in downtown Iquique, Chile in 2003 was a major success in resolving the 30 years of illegal occupation and settle 100 families in the 5000sqm of Quinta Monroy (Carrasco & O’Brien, 2018; Charlesworth, 2014; Elemental, 2016). This structure followed
the initial premise of the ‘Half-a-House’ concept. Albeit this building typology came with repercussions unforeseen by the architects and designers. Leaving the complex to develop
encroachments and disputes amongst neighbouring residents, resulting in poor living quality and ongoing construction beyond the intended build.
Elemental’s approach to incremental building managed to provide a solution to low-income families and residents with the support of a formalised structure. By providing a structural foundation where the resident can expand to their spatial needs, this offered practical
solutions in which residents appreciated and take advantage of the unregulated freedom to
build. I believe this case is very useful in studying the intentions of the architects and then the actual implications from the residents.
RESEARCH REFLECTION:
The follow-up studies from (Carrasco & O’Brien, 2018) criticise the lack of anticipation where residents would build beyond expectations, where these additional self-builds were unsafe
and started disruption amongst the neighbours due to the privatisation of public space. This is an important lesson to consider when approaching incremental housing. It predicates the notions while the house or housing feature can expand even with demonstrated
anticipations from the residents, the reality of self-building is extremely complex resulting
in unforeseen and negative situations (Goethert, 2012). Reading and evaluation from the lessons from the post-occupancy evaluations, I believe it is important to think about the
informing influences in this locale, furthermore how design can improve the living quality and endure change in these particular settings.
16
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
Quinta Monroy - Incremental housing from Elemental Strategy
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 2.14 Quinta Monroy built before occupation (left) and residential occupation (right) 17
VILLA VERDE
CONSTITUCIÓN, CHILE | 2010 | ELEMENTAL
This project follows similar principles from the previous Quinta Monroy where Approaching the ‘Half-a-House’ concept from another angle. While not originally designed as a humanitarian response to the recent 2003 earthquake, was successful in the quality of build and achieving a high standard construction of 448 homes, in which half of the houses were offered to the survivors (Aravena, 2014; Charlesworth, 2014). This allowed some research into the effectiveness of living spaces, urban design and shared public spaces. Also noted that this project was an attempt to regulate the residents’ skills was by limiting the build through their construction of the uniform pitched roof amongst all the houses. This concept proved successful in doing but also opened another avenue for residents to expand (O’Brien et al., 2020). Upon learning the design philosophies from Elemental and their synthesis approach to housing, though many of their projects including Copiapó, Antofagasta, E-house, and Chiguayante (not included in this journal). Their premise has evolved around participatory design with the idea of space expansion. The insight of this project allowed exploration of how they have used design to shape their previous failures of lacking qualities like in Quinta Monroy. These changes resulted in a build-limiter that prevents the user from the building except for where proposed. This was a clever method to restrict residents from building vertically (like in Quinta Monroy) where the subtle design of a pitched roof provided both shelters to weather and the iconic notion of home. This further resulted in creative expansion horizontally within the housing scheme, where the allotment of land wither being driveway or courtyard space out front became more enclosed and private. RESEARCH REFLECTION: With follow up studies from O’Brien et al. (2020), several issues arose with urban planning, site application, housing types and quality of living. These studies also allowed me to understand and criticise the design from an analytical point of view where Elemental’s approach formed a cookie-cutter application where its orientation and site application was disregarded and resulted in poorer living conditions. This is evident in their corner blocks and clusters where the Type A typical unit receives less lighting and ventilation when positioned on either an East or West facing block. This started to draw out the other flaws that this approach entails where the urban planning was optimised to only provide more housing units within the site, which also resulted in this awkward living spaces. An important topic was the allocated shared public spaces acting as the courtyard and cul-desacs, inevitably proved underutilised as parking areas (Zilliacus, 2016). It is critical to note that Elementals’ improvements in one way or another are small steps that open a whole lot of unforeseen issues. How I will use these examples and criticism are beneficial when designing for this multiplicity of users. 18
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
Villa Verde Incremental housing from Elemental (Author provided)
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 2.15 Villa Verde built before occupation (left) and residential occupation (right) 19
MONTERREY (LAS ANACUAS) MONTERREY, MEXICO | 2010 | ELEMENTAL
In Santa Catarina, Elemental was commissioned to design a group of 70 homes for the middle-class neighbourhood. The density required evolved the previous application with Villa Verde, with climate conditions differing from the desert climate where adaptions were
made to accommodate the 600mm annual rainfall. Still imposing the ‘Half-a House’ idea,
where the difficult half is built to construction and government code, and the remaining half is self-built by the resident in a do-it-yourself capacity where this also ensures the satisfaction from the occupant with expansions to fit their preferences (Raisbeck, 2019).
Also noted that this project was an attempt to regulate the resident’s skills was by limiting the build through their construction of the uniform flat slab roof amongst all of the units. This concept proved successful in doing but also opened another avenue for residents to horizontally expand (O’Brien et al., 2020)
RESEARCH REFLECTION:
This project indicates variation in their design wherein different climate they have altered its
shell to provide its base system. It evident that they have taken lessons from Quinta Monroy
with limitations for vertical expansions by placing the slightly angled flat roof on top of 3 units to restrict resident further builds upwards. With other research indicating the shared
public space of the central courtyard being a particular issue open to negligence. As this space ‘belonged’ to almost all residents overtime the central courtyard developed years of contested space. The bare design while aesthetically provides a higher establishment of housing seemed to lack the incorporation of the public realm into its space. I think while this project’s method was somewhat successful in delivering what was required, a lot of
thinking did not fully develop the quality of space intended. In saying this, when applying to my project, I believe the public spaces should be informed by the residents and develop through their occupation and even further with their changing lifestyle. 20
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
Monterrey Housing Incremental housing from Elemental
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 2.16 Monterrey built before occupation (left) and residential occupation (right) 21
2.2 OTHER PRECEDENTS
22
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
23
ARANYA SETTLEMENT INDORE, INDIA | 1978-1990 | BALKRISHNA DOSHI
Aranya is a sites-and services township for 40,000 people in Indore, India. In a ‘core-plus’ project that evolves upon the sites-and-services, where a large portion of the investment is spent on land and infrastructure. The architect and urban planner Doshi who started VSF in 1978, designed the Aranya masterplan as a for settlement where residents were given land to build their own houses incrementally (Kaza, 2010). The masterplan is also a mixedincome settlement with a majority of the land plots accommodated the poorest sector of the population. Within the settlement consisted of 35.32sqm plots which are all serviced; containing a core sanitary unit, washroom and toilet facilities with some also including a plinth and one room (Dovey, 2015; Kaza, 2010). VSF developed a hierarchy of shared open spaces ranges from semi-private to public, this also culturally resembled the urban fabric traditional neighbourhoods. The vertical extension and minor external expansions of the small house gave the residents the freedom to build where the design and layout acted as a controlled element. Through other develop regulations and allowances to the street and the house, VSF design eighty demonstrations houses to indicate possibilities and variations how the houses, extensions, staircases, projections and balconies can be interchangeable components creating different combinations within the same plot and basic core dimensions (Kaza, 2010). This also led to the variations of each residences’ Otla (a transitional space) which took many forms depending on the orientation, location and size of the plot land; making the space its own vernacular specific to the community settlement(Dovey, 2015). RESEARCH REFLECTION: This settlement explores the benefits of vertical and minor external expansions. Doshi’s demonstrated form variations of the housing with staircases, terraces as living spaces provided cohesive understandings of the housing’s intention (Dovey, 2012; Roy, 2005). Through various drawings and representations of the housing development over time, this formalisation of informal settlements became more apparent in terms of designing for the resident currently but also for the future occupations and activities. In my thinking and using these demonstrations to indicate the type of living, I believe is valuable in providing the spatial potential of these incremental expansions. It’s notable in understanding a project like this can only work if there is a supporting party like Doshi has taken the vernacular settings and identity of the residents into consideration, which then translates the project through its entirety (Barker & Langra, 2009). This type of thinking into the potential outcome is something I want to implement as it proves to provide success in the expected and unexpected reality of a ‘sites and services’ incremental. 24
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
Figure 2.22 Housing development overtime
CONCEPT
Figure 2.21 Form Variations of Aranya Social Housing: Staircases, Terraces, as Living Spaces
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 2.23 Photograph of Aranya Settlement Social Housing
25
HOUSES IN MEXICALI
MEXICALI, MEXICO | 1975-1976 | CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER
In Baja California, in response to settlers migrating in search of work, the state governments proposed a self-help housing project in Mexicali (near the Mexico – United States border) The project suburb consisted of 2500 square feet (~230sqm) built with roads and essential water, electricity and sewerage services to the allotments where five families participated in the initial program. The architect Christopher Alexander and 13 students executed several processes of participatory design and construction practices with the informative qualities from Alexander’s text A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction (1977). This pattern book design contained living elements and notions that frequently occurred in the built environment with spatial dimensions, structure, finishes and materials. The Houses in Mexicali became an exemplar case where the initial design was for the provided a new clarity for residents and built up their community and collective identity. However, in follow up studies it was evident the original design over seven years these houses developed their issues of complexity and neighbourly disputes. The method of construction and communal centric areas was phased into more conventional methods of construction (Fromm & Bosselmann, 194). Where the skills developed that originally built the community had changed into segregating and privatising these shared spaces. This resulted in new structures and relocating the main entrances for the houses. Ultimately this shift in collective identity grew disconnection between the original community. RESEARCH REFLECTION: Mexicali is an important case precedent to learn and explore its practical application from especially with follow up studies seven years later, this communicates the detail of how a participatory design process may be beneficial at the start of the design phase and even into occupation but several complications may not be considered (Rapoport, 1982). This project elaborates the complexity of social issues between architect and client relationship with differing visions and solutions to obvious problems. In doing so, explores where the role of the architect may or may not impede on the design process (Brydon‐Miller & Maguire, 2009). The valuable lesson in Mexicali is that people were encouraged and supported to learn how to both design and build. As time progressed their needs and aspirations changed and with additional financial capacity, they extended their houses. During this time, their ‘collective’ values changed and there was a competition over collective spaces (Hamdi & Turner, 1991; Sanoff, 2000). This is an issue that is evident in many participatory design processes and incremental projects, I think this need to be highly considered and provide a resolution that handles these enduring circumstances.
26
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
Figure 2.25 Mexicali’s layout seven years later
CONCEPT
Figure 2.24 The layout of Mexicali at completion
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 2.26 Entries from the street replaced those from communal space
27
CAGAYAN DE ORO
MINDINAO, PHILIPPINES | 2013-2015 | VARIOUS NGOS
The case of Cagayan de Oro, reports on the devastation and from Typhoon Washi (locally known, Sendong) on December 16-17, 2011 on a regional centre in Northern Mindanao in the Philippines. With more than 250,000 displaced people, about 40% of the city population this also resulted in 85% of the surrounding household mostly lived in by poor families and
informal settlements near the Cagayan River (Carrasco, Ochiai, & Okazaki, 2018). Shortly after
the typhoon, a state-led rehabilitation plan issues the focus on building 11,225 permanent houses. Resulting in the humanitarian agencies in building 86% of the households in
relocation sites located 7-20 kilometres away from the original homes(Carrasco, Ochiai, & Okazaki, 2016).
Three non-governmental organisations chose the housing type to build, following the Philippine government agencies minimum standards. These different housing type played
a major role in the quality of living the residents required and preferred. Also within the time of six months, residents progressively made improvements and modifications to the original
structures depending on their available resources and changing family needs and plans (Carrasco, Dangol, & Recio, 2014).
RESEARCH REFLECTION:
As a local example, this case was quite interesting as it takes into account the success and failures of this role as NGOs. The response was initially a great way to provide mass housing to displaced persons but the result was some of these prefabricated housing was uninhabitable
and were vacated due to its lack of suitability to a tropical environment. Even the housing units that were occupied proved to be insufficient, wherewith no regulations in place notable additions and modifications were made to accommodate the spatial requirements from
the residents. Using this precedent as it is closely related to the cultural and familial parts of the Philippines indicate the potential and resourceful solutions into the residents/ families making these modifications to their home. 28
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
Figure 2.27 Original structures of disaster relief(left), Expansions of residential houses (right) of incremental Housing in Cayagan de Oro, Mindinao
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 2.28 Expansions of residential houses of incremental Housing in Cayagan de Oro, Mindinao
29
PRECEDENT REFLECTION
These precedents have reviewed seven key housing projects, focusing on their applications
of private and public spaces as well as the repercussions of formal and informal settlement. Although these examples developed in different times and locale with their vernacular setting there are key similarities evident throughout. In each example, the resident rejected/ deviated from the original plans drawn by the architect.
A project like PREVI’s Stirling and Elemental show great formal examples of thoughtful application and adaptability. The spatial planning and anticipation for residents to expand their home enable pathways of thinking that from what is designed is not always what
happens. Whereas the projects of Aranya, Mexicali and Cagayan de Oro demonstrate the
potential capabilities that self-build has to offer incremental building methods. Taking into consideration that not incremental projects are not all initiated with build incrementations from the start, a lot of housing that has additions stem from the solution by the need for more space. Resulting in incremental builds that meet the inhabitant’s spatial needs.
What is evident is the requirement to personalise and expand their house. This could also be for space intended for a home business or workshop which opens another avenue of
program within the project. What is also observed is with these expansions is the difficulty of modifications to the house, which must be considered when designing for incremental housing. I believe that is part will be the key to making incremental housing more resilient.
Throughout these precedents it is evident there are many levels of risks when designing this type of incrementalism, such as urban planning, site application, regulations, contested
spaces, collective values, and family change. These risks are key elements I plan to address in my design.
30
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
31
3.0 INCREMENTAL STRATEGY
32
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
33
ELEMENTAL DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
The architecture firm Elemental is renowned for their approach to building incrementally. Their half a house philosophy is a well-known typology. As the leader in this field, I have undertaken a continual study into the successes and failures their approach leads to.
Most of their ambitions went beyond their predictions where the quality of living spaces was
being affected due to natural light and ventilation affected. This was a valuable lesson where
design can have a positive impact when designed but without a precaution of governance and regulations the repercussions may have been avoided (Carrasco & O’Brien, 2018).
Elemental understands that unregulated regulations are problematic and that some level of governance is needed. They have done this by physically restricting the capacity to build additional storeys, while this is seen externally there might be regulations that stop people
building into the rear of the courtyard and in front of the houses. In summary, there are less visible modifications in places except this designated by Elemental.
34
THESIS
Figure 3.02
VILLA VERDE
Figure 3.03
MONTERREY (LAS ANACUAS)
CONCEPT
QUINTA MONROY
RESEARCH RESEARCH
Figure 3.01
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 35
ELEMENTAL’S INCREMENTAL NEEDS TO BE FULLY UTILISED URBAN PLANNING
Notably across all Elemental projects, the surroundings were not fully considered and underutilised the planning (O’Brien et al., 2020). These spaces had a poor response to the site
conditions and orientation only allocated many units as possible while sacrificing the quality of living.
SITE RESPONSE
The site response, within these clusters of residences and internal planning, due to lack of anticipation and planning of future spaces, ultimately leading to contested states over
property and encroachments (Ballesteros, 2010). This may have been averted if regulations were enforced either through contract or through design. IDENTITY
The identity of these housing developments leaves the individualism in disregard. Elemental has replicated similar housing modules with a cookie-cutter approach, ignoring the quality of living and collective identity (Quezada & Hiche, 2018). This leaves the inhabitant to attempt
modifications where they see fit even if not within the regulations set from the initial phase. Most of these designs have not anticipated these unregulated and unforeseen outcomes.
36
THESIS
Figure 3.05
VILLA VERDE
Figure 3.06
MONTERREY
CONCEPT
QUINTA MONROY
RESEARCH RESEARCH
Figure 3.04
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 37
INCREMENTAL ARCHITECTURE APPLIED TO THE PHILIPPINES
How can the successes and failures from the award-winning firm inform the design thinking behind an incremental housing project in a place like the Philippines?
Driving the design informed from the actions and the anticipation of the resident’s
modifications and additional builds. With further thinking of using design to demonstrate the potential of the home through compatibility and secure builds with a manual. This draws
upon the case of Villa Verde, where Elemental provided a manual of habitability manual to
residents where it provides the possibilities of modification manual they can make to their home (Zilliacus, 2016). It also provided instructions and regulations if the modifications were at risk to the structural integrity of the home and neighbouring units.
Do design in this manner the thought process and anticipation needs to be highly considered
of the building changing and variations to the process. This manual would provide a catalogue of sorts where residents can select and choose parts of the home they want to improve while regulating with modular options for convenience and ease of modifications.
38
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
39
4.0 STUDY LOCATION THE PHILIPPINES
40
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
Philippines
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Philippines Highlight Map created by Ariel Flores, August 2020, Datasource ESRI (hub.arcgis.com)
41
THE PHILIPPINES PURPOSE + CONTEXT
The Philippines is ranked the country most at risk of disasters in Asia and ranked ninth in the world
by the 2019 World Risk Index. The country is prone to tropical cyclones due to its geographical location which generally produces heavy rains and flooding of large areas and strong winds which
result in heavy casualties to human life and destruction to crops and properties (PAGASA, 2020). Events like these are the most frequent hazard that has long-lasting impact further resulting in
gradual damage to communities and infrastructure, this includes where the poor and those who live in vulnerable areas are most at risk.
Understanding that this country has many environmental risks and hazards, shifting from preventing these disasters the approach has been to look at the country as a whole and categorise these disasters as impactful and consequential.
42
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
Baguio, Benguet Region Northern Philippines
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Map atlas of the Philippines (Author provided)
43
BAGUIO CITY BENGUET, PHILIPPINES SITE CONTEXT
Baguio residing in the mountainous region and situated in higher altitudes making it unusually
cooler climates than other parts of the country. This also makes this region susceptible flooding and landslide hazards, this more common when a typhoon or tropical storm hit landfall and along with it, its hazardous effect on the environment. This disrupts the activities and order of human life, causing disaster on several scales (Nolasco-Javier & Kumar, 2018).
44
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
45
Figure 4.01 Satellite of Bagiuo City (Google Earth)
4.1 CULTURAL ANALYSIS PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR + SETTING
46
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
47
Figure 4.11 View from Kennon Road leading into Baguio City
HOUSING CONDITIONS BAGUIO HOUSING + INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
Exploring the internal planning of residential houses in the typical housing vernacular of Baguio, opens an investigation of the structural function and cultural sensitivities within communities and
in the urban environment. Determining the specific uses within the household and with further analysis of future requirement both to the user and the land in which it is situated (Gonzales, 2016).
Residential housing consisting of the most common types of living in Baguio has been sourced to analyse this information.
In both city profile and suburban view, it is evident in many parts of the city that the housing in
Baguio already practice an informal incremental building (Estoque & Murayama, 2013). These
structures additionally building upon each other proves to function as required for the residents
needing more space. This stems from family growth such as multi-generational living (Acred, 2001). Therefore needing more structural space for the older and new generations.
48
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 4.12. Urban population growth leaves city planning of housing in chaos
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4.2 SPATIAL ANALYSIS
50
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
51
Space syntax analyses from DepthMapX (Author provided)
INTERNAL SPATIAL PLANNING LIVING PATTERNS
Using spatial syntax, a software tool to perform a set of spatial network analyses to
understand social processes within the built environment. It works at a variety of scales from building, small urban, whole cities or regions. At each scale, the software can produce a
map of open space elements then connect them via some relationship such as intervisibility or overlap and then perform graph/graphic analysis of the resulting network. The objective
of the analysis is to derive variables which may have social or experiential significance (Varoudis & UCL, 2016)
The space syntax of the typical housing units, housing complexes and multi-residential apartments. Analysis through Visibility Graph and Axial Maps provides a great insight into the
areas of most use and frequent occupied areas of the home. The collection of information, allows the current values of potential families to realise what is important within their home
and if they haven’t observed it yet, this information can provide a direction of their dynamics and even suggest patterns of the family. These patterns are crucial when designing for current existing intentions of a home and help with designing towards future projections. In summary:
Spatial analysis was a valuable method in data collection and findings. Together these typical floor plans and spatial analysis forms the premise to developing an informed design.
The visibility graph and axial map depict the public and private spaces also the most visible and access paths used within the typical home. Analysing these types provides the insight into how the home operates as serves the Filipino and a family and an individual.
52
THE THREE BEDROOM APARTMENT
A typical plan in residential and multi-residential apartment complexes. Smaller in design features,
like the kitchen and bathroom indicates the status of the family. Whereas the size of the loving room is greater and seems more imposed into the importance of the intended family.
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
Typical three bedroom apartment (Author provided)
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Three bedroom apartment spatial visibility analysis (Author provided)
53
THE TWO STORY TOWNHOUSE
The common building typology in Baguio City and the mountainous region is a two story townhouse. The additional plane provides more space above allowing for increased quality of living, and a base of activities at ground floor/ lower level.
Typical two story townhouse (Author provided)
Two story townhouse spatial visibility analysis (Author provided)
54
THE LARGE FAMILY HOUSE
The large family house exhibits grandeur in bigger design features such as the maid’s quarters
and two living rooms spaced over the two levels. The larger kitchen with the bigger dining table
indicates the family acquires more importance on the shared dining table interactions. This also extracts information from the visibility graph such as distances to and from frequently travelled spaces.
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
Typical large family house (Author provided)
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Large family house spatial visibility analysis (Author provided)
55
SPATIAL ANALYSIS REFLECTION
Analysing these spatial parts of the typical homes in Baguio, allowed me to criticise the living spaces and the lack of fixtures when developing in Baguio.
When searching for houses, a majority of these homes were 2-3 bedrooms and more,
indicating that the locale is opting to provide for larger occupancy instead of the single or couple residency.
The spaces of living are very low-medium standard, where design could have been developed further. The larger the home, the more these spaces felt undeveloped, leaving most of the
internal spaces to be filled and furnished by the resident. From personal experience and
knowledge from my family living there, the homes are quite skeletal in its proposal where the resident feels in control of their house with the freedom to personalise. This indicates these
homes are to provide the necessities like structure, shelter and services but leaving the fixture appliances to the inhabitant.
56
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
57
4.3 TRACE ANALYSIS
58
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
59
Baguio homes trace analyses (Author provided)
OBSERVATIONS + TRACES THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FILIPINO HOME
Trace analysis, as a research tactic uses data that involves property real estate web sites along with secondary sources to understand specific living patterns at each site. This
research provides insight to determine the living conditions of how people live in their residential setting/ home (Mirakhorli & Cleland-Huang, 2011; Zeisel, 2006).
Deducting through trace analysis and imagery, it’s evident with essential spaces like the kitchen, living and recreation room are important elements of the home. The private spaces
like the bedroom and the bathroom are given different weightings where the bedroom is
aimed to achieve more natural light and the bathroom the minimum amount. Another element to note is the structural connection of most houses are double or even triple storey.
The staircase in the home is notable in almost all houses and a vital part of the home to increase the efficiency on the plot of land in the build. In summary:
These trace analyses as observations are preliminary and implies the important living components in the typical family home. Understanding that these components are often connected or have a stronger relationship with one another in the residential home.
60
LIVING AND KITCHEN
Depicted here, the multiple sofas, armchairs and chairs with art on the wall can suggest the space is opted for family time in the living room. The comfort implied upon the space implies more time dedicated to these areas of living.
The kitchen up against the wall and the adequate storage implies the home to be the source of food and supplies. The cleanliness or clutter suggests the frequent uses and misuse the integral space.
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
Typical Baguio Home – Two Storey
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 4.31 Living room and kitchen trace analyses
61
BEDROOM AND BATHROOM
The bedroom consisting of a double and single bed, suggests a family and child can occupy this
room. Also implying the space to be a second/ guest room. The information here can speculate on the reason why multiple beds are placed here. A little detail is the small window on the wall and the pitched roof and skylight.
The bathroom indicates the quality of space. The fixtures is a dated part of the house. The window is a also extracted as minimal light and ventilation apart of the space.
Typical Baguio Home – Two Storey B (Author provided)
Figure 4.32 Bathroom and Bedroom trace analyses (Author provided)
62
VIEWS AND ACCESSIBILITY
Extracting what are the important elements to the house. The large bay windows flooding the area with light, and the comparison to the TV implies the priority of views on the living space.
The staircase location and material display the qualities and usage. The stair as a connector of these two planes of spaces establishes the home and is the more traversed element within the home.
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
Typical Baguio Home – Two Storey C (Author provided)
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 4.33 Views and accessibility trace analyses (Author provided)
63
TRACE ANALYSIS REFLECTION
A closer insight into the typical homes allowed me to understand the parings of living components. These components in internal planning provides the basis of designing the home optimal for the Filipino family.
These spaces made sense spatially and by using these three pairings can help me inform how these spaces work at an interior scale. Also, worth noting that the with these parings the
elder generation tend to be located on the ground floor, with access to bathroom, kitchen
and living. Minimising the need for vertical access, provides a family dynamic I did not fully
understand growing up but now analysing it provides clarity of why this occurs. The staircase enables access to more parts of the home and increased amount of occupation/ storage, as families grow, the number of visitors and extended family tend to reside within the home overtime.
Multigenerational living is embedded in Filipino culture and several generations living in the
same household begins to raise spatial issues. This is where I think designing for changing families will become important and vital to securing how families and individuals live in Baguio, and possibly other places in this similar situation.
64
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 4.31 Pairings of trace analyses in Baguio homes
65
4.4 SITE ANALYSIS
66
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
67
Baguio Figure Ground map (Author provided)
RISK MANAGEMENT LOCATION ENVIRONMENTS + CONDITIONS
The mountainous region is susceptible to seismic and flooding, in consequence, a landslide is a hazard that occurs gradually due to the site conditions. In reality, this
is due to the practices of the land, where the mountainous terrain are stabilised with
pine trees and local vegetation (Nolasco-Javier, Kumar, & Tengonciang, 2015). Issues of logging and settlement have caused the reduction of vegetation and consequentially the stabilisation of the sloped terrain.
Building technology and engineering practices in some areas have successfully managed land stabilisation to enable construction, however, these practices are often not
regulated, leaving individuals to modify their structure and in some cases, too extreme measures (Acred, 2001). In the event of a hazard, these structures are the ones at risk as
the structural foundations are now under tension from both land stabilisation and user
modification, leaving the structure vulnerable for periods of time can result in devasting outcomes especially in mountainous terrain.
TYPHOON
RAINFALL
LANDSLIDE
Consequential and self-induced hazards, incur from one another. (Author provided)
68
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
Figure 4.41 Rain Induced Landslide Susceptibility
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
URBAN SPRAWL Urban mapping of Baguio (Author provided)
69
70
Susceptibility map overlay (Author provided)
THESIS
High
Moderate Low
Not Susceptibile Site
Building Heights 1-2 2.5
Stories
Stories
3- 3.5 Stories 4-6
Stories
10 +
Stories
7-9
Stories
Building heights are relavite to the slope of the land. Generally not exceeding 5 stories above NGL from the top of the slope. Cases like these have majority of its volume incased in the land or the side of the mountain.
CONCEPT
Located North West of the city center, placed in a high - moderate susceptible overlay.
Susceptibility
RESEARCH RESEARCH
Site Location + Susceptibility
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Road Network Major Road
Minor Road Building Site
Due to it’s mountainous Baguio has no rail or public transport infrastructure. Through the use of jeepneys (Jeep & Bus combination) it’s road networks are utilised with informal transportation being the most second preferred option to travel.
Public + Commerical buildings Private / Mixed Public / Civic Commerical Site
A diverse mixed range of private, mixed, commercial, and public through out Baguio NTS
N
71
72
Figure Ground (Author Provided)
50
Meters
N
THESIS
RESEARCH RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 4.42 Satellite imagery of Bagiuo City, Benguet, Philippines (Google Earth)
50
Meters
N
73
LAND ALLOTMENT
SLO PE DD OU BL EL OA DE D
PLO T
SLO PE DD OU BL EL OA DE D
PLO T
LO W
ER
PL O T
U PP
ER
PL O T
Double loaded plot of land
Lower and Upper plot in Baguio
74
BA
DO
DA
NG
W
A
RO
AD
EXISTING SITE PLAN
THESIS
BOK
AWK
SKETCH
AN R OA
D
BADO DANGWA LOOP
CONCEPT
BADO DANGWA LOOP
RESEARCH RESEARCH
PROJECT
EDIWAU LANE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 STOREY RESIDENTIAL
1 STOREY COMMERICAL
1 STOREY PUBLIC
BUILT UP AREA
2 STOREY RESIDENTIAL
2 STOREY COMMERICAL
2 STOREY PUBLIC
SITE BOUNDARY
3+ STOREY
3+ STOREY COMMERICAL
3+ STOREY PUBLIC
APPENDIX
VEGETATION
JEEPNEY STOP
0
5
10
15M
75
5.0 CONCEPT DESIGN IDEATION
76
+
RESEARCH
A
THESIS
+
B
CONCEPT CONCEPT
SKETCH
+
D
E
F
G
APPENDIX
Typical Incremental Process A to B, but what about after that?
+
BIBLIOGRAPHY
C
PROJECT
we need more
modification manual
77
WHAT WOULD ELEMENTAL DO IN THIS PROJECT? Urban Planning
Elemental’s projects have opted to allocated as many units to one site, and relying on a grid to serve that function. A greater consideration must be in place to benefit the community and surrounding context.
Site Response
Typically Elemental’s projects have a singular form with views facing two directions in the front and behind just like typical row houses. When applied to a slope, this would create disrupted views and illogical spaces to for entrances and shared public spaces. Modification Regulation
Learning from Quinta Monroy and the unregulated expansions and adapting design to reduce the risk of unsecure modifications, but still providing the resident the freedom to expand.
78
THESIS
TYPICAL ORTHAGONAL GRID
RESEARCH
CONCEPT CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
SITE APPLICATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
MODIFICATION REGULATION 79
THESIS APPROACH
How is an increment al housing approach is applicable to this location in the Philippines? Urban Principles
The urban planning must address the envrionmental constraints and limitations. By utilising the land’s condition to an advantage and consider the potential risks and susceptible hazards that may occur.
Site Response + Application
The site in general must allowing for collaboration of living. The shared public/ communal spaces
have to offer a higher quality of living, introduce commercial and with design inhibit possible encroachment and contested public property. Personalisation
Increased anticipation for resident’s modifications.
Each residence must be inclusive of its inhabitant’s spatial requirements, with flexibility to change within a 5-10 year span. Further adapting spaces should also be considered either as internal planning or within the vertical expansions/ mezzanine.
80
RESEARCH
CONCEPT CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
SITE APPLICATION
THESIS
URBAN PRINCIPLES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
PERSONALISATION
81
FLEXIBLE HOUSING PLANNING
Creating base design which can be developed and expanded on by the resident based off their needs need to be flexible in terms of spatial planning.
Depending on the family/ residents and what their spatial requirements the base design providing
the essentials: Bedroom Bathroom, Kitchen, Dining and Living. With the middle side walls of the module lined with services that rise throughout the structure.
82
B
B B B
Ba
K
C
B D
L
Ba B
SLEEPING
C
D
L
Ba B
B B Ba
L
K
C
L D
Ba B
SKETCH
LIVING
ESSENTIALS
Ba
CONCEPT CONCEPT
K
RESEARCH
SLEEPING
Ba
THESIS
B
LIVING
E
L D
ACCESSIBILITY
E
D
K
Ba
C
B
BIBLIOGRAPHY
B
L
PROJECT
B
ACCESSIBILITY
APPENDIX
Incremental housing Parti diagram
DESIG
83
CONCEPT DESIGN REFLECTION
Gathering concepts form research like the PREVI project, Elemental’s philiosophy and the events of Cagayan de Oro, this concept proved to reinforce some the existing design approaches however I differentiate from how the leading architectural practice that has won major awards from developing this typology. By taking their typical approaches and design methodology I realised that Elemental require a immense excavation on site for a tabula rasa
implementation. Their housing generally needs flat land for residents housing to be the same or yet similar. This instigates that their housing approaches are replicating the same design
and allocating across the site without much regard to orientation urban planning. Resulting in medium-standard living qualities and lack of optimisation.
With my thesis approach I tested if Elemental’s approach with a standard grid, in block form how their urban planning will respond to the site. Knowing from research that majority of
their projects require flat land for construction, in what way can their design be modified to a site that is sloped and where excavation would be detrimental in the building process and the existing surroundings. I explored in block form, how with some additional design
thinking, the site can be integrated into the success of the design. I also had to consider the
land stabilisation that the pine trees provide in the area. This involved building on the slope across the site and implanting three flat area inner courtyards which would serve as shared
communal spaces within the site. Overall, I was thinking and critiquing Elemental’s approach and its relevance to site location that has vulnerabilities but also increasing the quality of living in a project like this.
This brought me to focus on three typical Filipino families, each representing their social
class, family dynamics changing spatial requirements. I would need to design for permanent
and temporary components of their house with the option to design their home. This would result in differing living spaces and the ultimately changing the type of home they live in.
84
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT CONCEPT
Isometric Overview
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
External Perspective West
85
6.0 SKETCH DESIGN AN INCREMENTAL APPROACH
86
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
87
2 STOREY WAREHOUSE COMMERCIAL
BOK
AWK
AN R OA
D
BADO DANGWA STREET
BADO DANGWA STREET
SITE CONTEXT
EDIWAU LANE
3 STOREY WAREHOUSE COMMERCIAL
INDIVIDUALISM 2 STOREY WAREHOUSE COMMERCIAL
88
VEGETATION
1 STOREY RESIDENTIAL
1 STOREY COMMERICAL
LEVELED PLANE
2 STOREY RESIDENTIAL
2 STOREY RESIDENTIAL
SHARED PUBLIC SPACE
3+ STOREY
3+ STOREY
Ground Floor Plan
0
5
10
15M
INDICATIVE RESIDENTIAL SPACES
THESIS
BOK
AWK
SKETCH SKETCH
AN R OA
D
BADO DANGWA STREET
CONCEPT
BADO DANGWA STREET
RESEARCH
PROJECT
EDIWAU LANE
RESIDENT 04
RESIDENT 07
RESIDENT 10
RESIDENT 13
RESIDENT 02
RESIDENT 05
RESIDENT 08
RESIDENT 11
RESIDENT 14
RESIDENT 03
RESIDENT 06
RESIDENT 09
RESIDENT 12
RESIDENT 15
Ground Floor Plan
5
10
15M
APPENDIX
0
BIBLIOGRAPHY
RESIDENT 01
89
HOUSING MODULE
TY P
90
ICA
LM
OD
UL
E
EXPLODED MODULED ELEMENTS | DESIGN OPTIONS
RO
OF
ING CH
PA R
F LO
SO
LID
DD
ING
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CLA
DD
ING
| GL
DE
ZIN
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T OP
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GL
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F LO
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F LO
F LO
FO F LO U N D A OR TIO ING N
IN S
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BA
F LU
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1
300
N
150
UN
AT IO
T IO DA
N
SH
LCO
2
UL
PT
IO
NS
100
G R IN
RR
CA
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CH
F LU
NY
AM
FIL
300
FER
LET
| FR
ED
ED
SH
ON
150
TA
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GE
MF
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ED
150 FIL
LET
ED
150
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CA
AZI
NC
S
ING L A B S PA S CE S)
ES
GLA
ING
FA
NSP ARE
NC
B
PROJECT
CLA
ZIN
DD
TRA
SLA
SKETCH SKETCH
GLA
CLA
TRA
(LIV
ET
CONCEPT
EN
OR
OF
AP
RESEARCH
RO
ED
THESIS
PIT
APPENDIX 91
HOUSING TYPES TWO BLOCK UNIT
FLAT LONG
THREE BLOCK MODULE
92
SLOPED ACROSS
THREE BLOCK MODULE
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH SKETCH
TWO BLOCK MODULE
SLOPED ACROSS
TWO BLOCK MODULE
PROJECT
FLAT STANDARD
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 93
TYPICAL PLANS TWO BLOCK UNIT
1
A
1
A002
A002
BASEMENT
GROUND FLOOR
1 Basement 1 (Working) 1 : 100 94
Ground Floor (Working) 1 : 100
1 A002
A
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LEVEL ROOF
+ TYPICAL LEVEL 2 (2040)
2
Level 1 (Working)
Level 2
3
1 : 100
0
APPENDIX
TYPICAL LEVEL 1
1 : 100
2
4
6M
95
MODULE SECTION A 2020
Level Roof Level Roof 2000
2000
70137 70137 Level 2 Level 2
4000
4000
68137 68137
Level 1 Level 1
4000
4000
64137 64137
GroundGround Floor Floor
4000
4000
60137 60137
1 A002
Basement Basement 1 1 56137 56137
Section Section A (Working) A (Working) 11 : 1001 : 100 A
1 96
Ground Floor (Working) 1 : 100
1 A002
1
A002
2
Level 1 (Working) 1 : 100
3
Level 2 1 : 100
4 0
2
4
6M
Lev
1:1
MODULE SECTION A 2040
2000
2000
Level Roof Level Roof 70137 76137 70137
Level Roof Level 2 Level 2
THESIS
Level Roof Level Roof 2000 4000
2000 4000
68137 72137 68137
70137 70137 Level 1 2 Level 1 2
4000
RESEARCH
4000
64137 68137 64137 68137
Ground Ground Floor Floor Level 1 Level 1
4000
CONCEPT
4000
60137 64137 60137 64137
Basement Basement 1 Floor 1 Ground Ground Floor
4000
SKETCH SKETCH
4000
56137 60137 56137 60137
1 A002
Section Section A (Working) A (Working) 11 : 1001 : 100
Basement Basement 1 1
A
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Section Section A (Working) A (Working) 11 : 1001 : 100
PROJECT
56137 56137
1 A002
1
A002
APPENDIX
1
Ground Floor (Working) 1 : 100
2
Level 1 (Working) 1 : 100
3
Level 2 1 : 100
4 0
2
4
6M
Lev
1:1
97
SOLAR STUDIES WINTER SOLSTICE
1000
98
1200
1400
SOLAR STUDIES SUMMER SOLSTICE
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1400
1200
1000
APPENDIX
99
SKETCH DESIGN REFLECTION
Discussions from concept and thesis supervisors directed me to focus on incremental side of building and living rather than disaster related architecture. This helped greatly in securing a
more cohesive and detailed thesis that attempts to resolve issues within incremental housing. Developing from concept design, I iterated what the quality of spaces that residences can occupy inside and outside what they have been allocated.
The diagrammatic site plans indicate the existing surroundings and the proposed context, in plan it’s a difficult to depict the additional builds as the verticality of the each living residence is key to how it will work as an incremental housing project.
Knowing that this is a complex issue that occurs throughout all incremental projects. Indicating the residential spaces over the 15 inner residences, I was intending to show the privatisation of shared public spaces. By keeping in mind that residents would encroach
beyond their intended allocation I had to consider and anticipate these actions. Further more I considered the direction of site conditions like immense rainfall and indicated the direction of water travel due the slop of the terrain. Furthermore the roofing structure was designed
to support these conditions, originally developed from traditional vernacular with modern
materials built of corrugated iron, where this would need to be typically replaced after twenty years, by that time the family/ inhabitants has the chance to upgrade or built on top their home.
What was omitted in description was the resident’s ability to change the level where it meets
the inner courtyard space into a home workshop / home business to increase revenue and utilise their allocated space. This is quite a common practice in the Philippines (and in Asia)
where homeowners convert their home to provide for the local community and additional income for their home. Overall the sketch design proposal showcased the form and variety of program that can accommodate the incremental housing type across a sloped terrain.
100
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
2020 Isometric Overview
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
2020 External Perspective West
101
7.0 FINAL DESIGN DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
102
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
103
SITE PLAN
With the design intentions to occur in stages, this done by providing sites and services to the area, and to each allotment. These services consist of core stair egress and wet areas such as kitchen, bathroom, and laundry.
Each lot has allocated services risers that run part of the middle of the structural frame.
104
THESIS
RESEARCH
VER ROY A DRI VE
CONCEPT
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EDIWAU LANE
APPENDIX
2020 STAGE ONE 0
10
20
30M
105
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APPENDIX
2040+ 0
10
20
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107
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CONSTRUCTION DESIGN | LIVING FLEXIBILITY
FLATTENED ROOF SLAB 3000 x 6000 x 100 (ADDITION) FLAT GRADE
CONCRETE ROOF SLAB 3000 x 6000 x 300 (PERMANENT) PITCHED GRADE
WELD MESH SHADING 6000 x 1000 x 50 (FIXED + ADJUSTABLE)
TIMBER FLOORING 3000 x 4500 x 150 (ADJUSTABLE)
TIMBER FLOORING 3000 x 6000 x 150 (ADJUSTABLE)
CONCRETE SLAB 3000 x 6000 x 300 (PERMANENT) FLOOR
NIB SUPPORTS
(PERMANENT) FIXED TO ONE SIDE
INSERTION WALL
(PERMANENT) FRAME
112
STAGE 1: STRUCTURAL FRAME + SERVICES + SLAB COORDINATION
BLOC
K MO
RESEARCH
DULE
1500 1
000 15 00 10 00
6000
APPENDIX
2000
12 000
11 700
3600 4500
900 900 900 900 900 900 900
1500
BIBLIOGRAPHY
500 10 00
PROJECT
1000 1
SKETCH
A
CONCEPT
3600
L TWO
THESIS
TYPIC A
113
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
12mm MAX. CHAMFER
N12-200 TOP AND BOTTOM (TYP) U.N.O
500
REBATE DEPTH TO MATCH CONCRETE BEAM
300
500 MIN. REFER TO ELEVATIONS
REBATE TO MATCH CONCRETE DEPTH
3mm GAP 40mm WIDTH
A
mm REBATE
-
25mm REBATE
50mm MAX.
500 MIN. REFER TO ELEVATIONS
N16-200 TOP AND BOTTOM (TYP) U.N.O
800
N20-1500 TYP. UNO. HOT DIP GALVANISED DOWEL BARS IN 40 DIA. PRE-STRESSING TUBE FULLY GROUTED (3 No. MIN. PER PANEL). 20mm GROUT BED (CONCRETE GRADE TO BE 20 MPa. GREATER THAN PRECAST PANEL GRADE AND 40 MPa. MIN.) PROVIDE NON-FERROUS PACKERS. GROUT TO BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH MANUFACTURERS REQUIREMENTS AND TO THE ENGINEERS APPROVAL.
20mm COVER
N20-1500 TYP. UNO. HOT DIP GALVANISED DOWEL BAR IN 40 DIA. PRE-STRESSING TUBE FULLY GROUTED (3 No. MIN. PER PANEL). 20mm GROUT BED (CONCRETE GRADE TO BE 20 MPa. GREATER THAN PRECAST PANEL GRADE AND 40 MPa. MIN.) PROVIDE NON-FERROUS PACKERS. GROUT TO BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH MANUFACTURERS REQUIREMENTS AND TO THE ENGINEERS APPROVAL.
20mm MAX. COMPRESSED WIDTH SEALANT TO ARCHITECTS DETAIL. CROSS WIRE OF MAIN FABRIC AT END OF FABRIC. 48mm WIDTH
NOTE:
NOTE:
REFER TO ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR TYPE OF PRECAST JOINT REQUIRED.
REFER TO ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR TYPE OF PRECAST JOINT REQUIRED.
PRECAST WALL BEAM DETAIL
TYPICAL EXTERNAL PRECAST WALL STEPPED AT SLAB CONNECTION SCALE 1:20
DETAI INSITU WALL
SCALE 1:5 N1 LO RE
A
5mm GAP
-
25mm REBATE
48mm WIDTH
TYPICAL PC. PANEL PRECAST LID T
80
20 GAP
20mm MAX. COMPRESSED WIDTH SEALANT TO ARCHITECTS DETAIL. CROSS WIRE OF MAIN FABRIC AT END OF FABRIC.
EQ
20mm MAX. COMPRESSED WIDTH SEALANT TO BE REMOVED UPON COMPLETION OF LIQUID GROUTING AND VOID TO BE RAM PACKED GROUTED.
400
PROVIDE EXPANSION CAP
CONCRETE DEPTH
20mm COVER
AND TO THE ENGINEERS APPROVAL. NOTE: DO NOT CHAMFER INTERNAL EDGES
300
CHAMFER
PRECAST LID N20-1500 TYP. UNO. HOT DIP GALVANISED DOWEL BAR IN 40 DIA. PRE-STRESSING TUBE FULLY GROUTED (3 No. MIN. PER PANEL). 20mm GROUT BED (CONCRETE GRADE TO BE 20 MPa. GREATER THAN PRECAST PANEL GRADE AND 40 MPa. MIN.) PRESSURE PROVIDE INJECTED LIQUID GROUT. NON-FERROUS PACKERS. INJECT SINGLE TUBE ONLY. GROUT TO BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE GROUTED GALVANISED DOWEL BAR WITH MANUFACTURERS REQUIREMENTS
REBATE DEPTH TO MATCH
-
500 MIN. 500 MIN. REFER50mm TO MAX.REFER TO ELEVATIONS ELEVATIONS 12mm MAX.
A
REBATE DEPTH TO MATCH CONCRETE BEAM
20mm COMPRESSIBLE FILLER
20-1500 TYP. UNO. HOT DIP GALVANISED DOWEL BARS 40 DIA. PRE-STRESSING TUBE FULLY GROUTED N20-1500 TYP. UNO. HOT DIP GALVANISED DOWEL BAR IN No. MIN. PER PANEL). 40 DIA. PRE-STRESSING TUBE FULLY GROUTED mm GROUT BED (CONCRETE GRADE TO BE (3 No. MIN. PER PANEL). MPa. GREATER THAN PRECAST PANEL 20mm GROUT BED (CONCRETE GRADE TO BE RADE AND 40 MPa. MIN.) PROVIDE 3mm GAP 20 MPa. GREATER THAN PRECAST PANEL PROVIDE EXPANSION CAP ON-FERROUS PACKERS. GRADE AND 40 MPa. MIN.) PROVIDE 40mm WIDTH TO GREASED DOWEL FOR ROUT TO BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE NON-FERROUS PACKERS. 20mm MOVEMENT TH MANUFACTURERS REQUIREMENTS GROUT TO BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE ND TO THE ENGINEERS APPROVAL. WITH MANUFACTURERS REQUIREMENTS AND TO THE ENGINEERS APPROVAL. N12-200 TOP AND BOTTOM (TYP) U.N.O
N.T.S
WATERPROOFING DETAILS AND CO-ORDINATED WITH REQUIREMENTS.
TO GREASED DOWEL FOR OTE:
20mm MOVEMENT ER TO ARCHITECTURAL AWINGS FOR TYPE OF CAST JOINT REQUIRED.
BEARING CAST WALL T WALL NNECTION L
0 TYP. UNO. HOT DIP GALVANISED DOWEL BAR IN RE-STRESSING TUBE FULLY GROUTED N. PER PANEL). OUT BED (CONCRETE GRADE TO BE GREATER THAN PRECAST PANEL N20-1500 TYP. UNO. HOT DIP GALVANISED ND 40 MPa. MIN.) DOWEL BARPROVIDE IN 40 DIA. PRE-STRESSING TUBE ROUS PACKERS. FULLY GROUTED (3 No. MIN. PER PANEL). O BE INSTALLED ACCORDANCE 20 GROUTINBED (CONCRETE GRADE TO BE 20MPa NUFACTURERS GREATERREQUIREMENTS THAN PRECAST PANEL GRADE AND HE ENGINEERS APPROVAL. 40MPa MIN.) PROVIDE NON-FERROUS PACKERS. GROUT TO BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH MANUFACTURERS REQUIREMENTS AND TO THE ENGINEERS APPROVAL.
114
NOTE: 25 REBATE REFER TO ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR TYPE OF PRECAST JOINT REQUIRED.
TYPICAL NON-LOAD BEARING EXTERNAL PRECAST WALL JOINT DETAIL SCALE 1:20
EQ
DETAIL SCALE 1:5
R.C. SLAB OVER
300 COG
DETAI SCALE 1:5
EQ
A -
N12-300 STARTER BARS EACH FACE
R.C. SLAB OVER
300 COG
N12-300 STARTER BARS CENTRAL
SCABBLED FACE
STAGE 2: STRUCTURAL FRAME WITH TIMBER INFILL
L TWO
BLOC
DULE
RESEARCH
K MO
THESIS
TYPIC A
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 115
HOUSING TYPES
116
STANDARD TWO BLOCK MODULE
LONG THREE BLOCK MODULE
SLOPED TWO BLOCK MODULE
SLOPED THREE BLOCK MODULE
HIGH TERRACED TWO BLOCK MODULE
LOW TERRACED THREE BLOCK MODULE
SYSTEM MODULARITY
L2
ADDITIONAL FAMILIES (SUBLET) - PRIVATE RESIDENCE - SLEEPING
THESIS
FAMILY 3RD GEN /
- LIVING
- STUDY
FAMILY 2ND GEN
- PRIVATE RESIDENCE - SLEEPING - LIVING
CONCEPT
L1
RESEARCH
- DINING
- DINING
SKETCH
- STUDY
FAMILY 1ST GEN /
- PRIVATE RESIDENCE - HOME WORKSHOP - SUBLET
FOUNTATION LEVEL - VEHICLE ENTRANCE - TRANSIENT - GARAGE
- AUTO SHOP
APPENDIX
B1
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTERCHANGEABLE
PROJECT
GF
TRANSITIONAL LEVEL
- WORK SHOP
117
HOME WORKSHOP POSSIBILITIES
SARI SARI
AIRBNB
CAFE / RESTAURANT
SALON / BARBER SHOP
GARAGE / AUTO SHOP
CRECHE DAY CARE
H OME WORKS H OP
118
PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL OPTIONS
THESIS
LIVING
RECREATION/ STUDIO
KITCHEN
DINING
CONCEPT
STUDY
RESEARCH
SLEEPING
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
RES IDEN CE
119
SARI SARI H OME WORKS H OP
120
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
CAFE / RESTAURANT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
H OME WORKS H OP
APPENDIX
121
AIRBNB
H OME WORKS H OP
122
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
CRECHE DAY CARE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
H OME WORKS H OP
APPENDIX
123
SALON / BARBERSHOP H OME WORKS H OP
124
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
GARAGE AUTOSHOP
BIBLIOGRAPHY
H OME WORKS H OP
APPENDIX
125
RECREATION STUDIO H OME WORKS H OP
126
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
SLEEPING QUARTERS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
RES IDEN CE
APPENDIX
127
KITCHEN + LIVING RES IDEN CE
128
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
KITCHEN + LIVING
BIBLIOGRAPHY
RES IDEN CE
APPENDIX
129
SLEEPING QUARTERS RES IDEN CE
130
1750
3650
3900
1750 1300
1300
1300
1500
4600
1200
4600
1200
3000
3000
3150
1500
1500
4500
1200
1200
1200
1350
1200
1350
2350
1800
1900
1800
1900
1790
2350
1900
12000
1790
1200
1200
1350
1200
1350
1200
3550
1200 6550
1500
18000 2100
2100
1200 1000
3550
6550
1500
18000
5460
1500
5460
2050
1200
2050
1200
1500
1500
3000
1200 1000
3000
1200 1000
7 7
A001 A001
3650
3900
APPENDIX
2
1750
6000
4
3650
3900
6M
BIBLIOGRAPHY
0
PROJECT
3900
SKETCH
3650
CONCEPT
4500
6
A001
RESEARCH
1750 6
A001
THESIS
3150
TYPICAL RESIDENCE PLANS
TWO + THREE BLOCK MODULE
6000
Ground FloorGround (Working) Floor (Working) 1 1 : 100 1 : 100
VARIES
131
THE NEED TO CHANGE:
The design development tor accommodate such change needed to be ensure the safety and serve
a secondary purpose. Knowing that that incremental builds are done not always done at one time. Which developed into creating these extrusions from the external facades of the building.
132
ADDITIONS + MODIFICATIONS
COMPATIBLE AND SECURE WITH THE STRUCTURAL FRAME
STAIRCASE
ROOFING
BALCONY
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PERGOLA
FENCE
PROJECT
PLANTER
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 133
DESIGNING FOR CHANGING FAMILIES
Designing for three families, provides a diversity of needs and requirements when occupying a
space. Initially contact was established but diminished over the course of four weeks. While the data collected informed a basic premise for the intentions of home for each family.
By establishing indicative social class, this was intended to gather the living requirements and
aspirations from each family. Further to understand the family dynamics of the home and provide an intervention where the manipulations of the standardised building system can be tailored. To translate into simple terms and understanding for the survey participant and family, the terms
flexible infill system is explained as a an adaptable space that can be changed over time, with the
space being able to change form/ function as the user’s needs change (Carrasco & O’Brien, 2019; Schmidt & Austin, 2016). In summary:
The selected components provides a basis for which families can choose select upon which
reflected their values and priorities. This then informs the design and a potential direction in which the module can respond to.
134
SANTOS FAMILY
P
BAUTISTA FAMILY
PP
DELA CRUZ FAMILY
PPP
THESIS
2020
RESEARCH
2030
CONCEPT
2040+
SKETCH
PROJECT
EACH FAMILY SELECTS A SET OF COMPONENTS FOR THEIR UNIT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Figure 6.01 Component Selections , indication of family values, elements of importance in the home (Schmidt & Austin, 2016).
135
BAUTISTA FAMILY
PP
2020
2030
2040
BAUTISTA FAMILY
Roland and Maria, lives with their 3 children and elderly parents. They prefer that the grandparents
to have their own independence with kitchenette and living area, whilst Roland and Maria live harmoniously in their 3 bedroom home. ASPIRATIONS:
Wanting to stay in the home they are in, they know that their children will need their own individual space, if not even more. They want an adaptive space that grows with their living arrangements.
EXISTING COMPONENTS
136
ASPIRATIONS
THESIS
E LE
IN
D
R GA
AG
E
NG
G
PROJECT
LIV
PI
TE
SKETCH
S
A
LL
A OC
ED
CONCEPT
UN
AL
AT
RESEARCH
UN
C LO
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
2020
BAUTISTA FAMILY
137
BAUTISTA FAMILY
PP
2020
2030
2040
BAUTISTA FAMILY
Roland and Maria, lives with their 3 teenage children and elderly mother. After the passing of the
grandfather, they decided that the grandmother to live within the home within her own room to still feel connected and have more time with her grandchildren, whilst Roland and Maria have changed their original 3 bedroom home. ASPIRATIONS:
Thinking of opening a small shop-front service store that can-service the community and utilise the mother’s and children’s skills.
EXISTING COMPONENTS
138
ASPIRATIONS
THESIS
AT
IO
N
A IS
RI
PROJECT
R SA
SKETCH
: IVI EN + L G G D 2N EPIN E L S G IN N: +LIV E TG G 1S EPIN E SL
E/ AG P R GA SHO TO AU
CONCEPT
NG
RESEARCH
RE
E CR
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
2030
BAUTISTA FAMILY
139
BAUTISTA FAMILY
PP
2020
2030
2040
BAUTISTA FAMILY
Roland and Maria, now living with their adult children. The grandmother has passed and after some
time, the children would like to live in the family home as Roland and Maria are now getting older
and need care. With vertical expansion of a third storey, the adult children can accommodate their generation of family. ASPIRATIONS:
The expansion allowed the adult children to continue living in the family home. This also allows the family business to further grow and service the community.
EXISTING COMPONENTS
140
ASPIRATIONS
THESIS
E NC DA DIO U ST
CONCEPT
SKETCH
E
PROJECT
R FE O CA OKST BO
RESEARCH
G+ N I N AT I O V I L RE C G RE IN N: + LIV E DG G 2N EPIN E SL G IN N: +LIV E TG G 1S EPIN E SL
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
2040
BAUTISTA FAMILY
141
SANTOS FAMILY
P
2020
2030
2040 SANTOS FAMILY Julian and Rica, along with their 4 children recently moved to the Baguio for work opportunity. However, working in the city requires more time away from home. They find that Rica’s sister can move in and help with the home and familial needs. Aspirations: As a large family, they require a flexible space that will change depending on the children and parents fluctuating arrangements.
EXISTING COMPONENTS
142
ASPIRATIONS
FE
CONCEPT
SKETCH
RY
PROJECT
KE
CA
RESEARCH
BA
THESIS
G IN N: + LIV E DG G 3R EPIN E G SL IN N: + LIV E DG G 2N EPIN E SL G : VIN EN +LI G G T 1S EPIN E L S ET BL SU BNB AIR
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
2030
SANTOS FAMILY
143
DELA CRUZ FAMILY
PPP
2020
2030
2040
DELA CRUZ FAMILY Lorraine and Lorenzo, live with their young daughter. They moved to the Baguio a couple years ago for both work and school for their daughter. They also find that the incoming years that they might have another child requiring more space and possibly more familial help. Aspirations: They would like to have a home they can partition and generate additional income, and when needed reclaim the space when the family does expand.
EXISTING COMPONENTS
144
ASPIRATIONS
HO
P
SKETCH
PROJECT
E DG E 3 R V AT I PR N: GE T E 1 S V AT I PR L/ O OR E H SC CA Y DA
WO
S RK
CONCEPT
N:
N
RESEARCH
TIO
THESIS
R
EC
A RE
: ET BL TE U S VA I PR N: GE E D T 2N IVA PR
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
2040
DELA CRUZ FAMILY 145
2020 (Stage 1)
Stage 1, 21 module housing is erected on site in composition of the structural frame in situ concrete. There are six 3 block modules with each type suited for its slope. There are fifteen
2 block modules with these common types being across and the terraced. Each module
contains the core and egress which can be access by each level. This in comparison to an external staircase is the question of weathering and deterioration of the external staircase. Having a private element exposed into a communal or even shard public areas causes contested space and encroachment on neighbouring residents and eventual social disrupt.
146
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
opted residents may not feel the need to upgrade right away. The decision to make all frames at the beginning stems from other incremental projects and its equality to provide quality and
with compatible additions and modifications to their home. The need for DIY can be tempting without regulation, this manual helps guide theses residents to a safer house.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
secure housing. With design options that come as a modification manual, provides residents
PROJECT
All frames are infilled with treated timber plywood with certainty for 5 -10 years, this has been
SKETCH
2020 (Stage 2)
APPENDIX 147
2030
This is the time when families start to grow out of their home and require more space, as of
maturity and other familial matters, the modifications to their home can seen the need for more space, decoration of desires and agenda driven.
148
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
made or refurbished. Having a concrete frame with interchangeable facades enables these
modifications more easily compared other incremental projects. The course overtime can and skill learnt when upgrading their home.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
develop a growing community that interacts and helps each other based on their experience
PROJECT
Over twenty years is when the home becomes ‘old’ this is where the desire to upgrade can be
SKETCH
2040+
APPENDIX 149
EXTERNAL PERSPECTIVES
2020 | INNER COURTYARD
2040+ | INNER COURTYARD
150
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
2020 | LOWER STREET ENTRANCE
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
2040+ LOWER STREET ENTRANCE
151
7.2 FURTHER APPLICATIONS APPLICABILITY + FLEXIBILITY
152
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Axonometric of potential building system (top) Structural toolkit: a set of components (bottom) (Author provided)
153
ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS
Further developing this system across the other location in need of a formalised incremental structure with an interchangeable kit of parts would require testing in each location. Cultural, socioeconomic and appropriation of these are the hurdles that can make this type of
incremental successful. While it may not be useful in well developed countries and urban cities, there is potential to modify this design more suited to developing and recovering locations.
154
XX.XX.XX STUDIO
THESIS
RESEARCH
SLOPED BLOCK
URBAN CITY BLOCK
LONG + NARROW BLOCKS
CONCEPT
BE APPLICABLE TO OTHER LOCATIONS IN NEED?
XX.XX.XX
STUDIO
Natural
TROPICAL
TEMPERATE
POLAR
SKETCH
39 | 38
ARID N/A
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIVING DENSITY
Rural
Suburban
APPENDIX
N/A
Urban
36 | 38
155
APPLICABLE UNKNOWN NOT APPLICABLE
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
157 Map created by Ariel Flores, August 2020, Datasource ESRI (hub.arcgis.com
CONCLUSION
The project’s specificity is reflective on the families, locale, and informed anticipation. These key elements fundamentally determine how this site will develop over the decades of time. Provides a depth to be explored further. While it is impossible to predict what may happen
or how the residents develop their life and home, there are method of design to help shape these predictions. Systemically, working in criticism to Elemental’s thinking shifted the
projects intentions by thinking laterally and expanding upon what families require and desire. Throughout these iterations of testing and informed anticipation, its flexibility is designed
into the home as a system is develops a smarter incremental that can respond to unforeseen
change. The final 2040+ design is a development that will continue to change in form and volume.
Given the significant amount of options of module modifications, its rigidity and porous
form with interchangeable parts provides housing to become more flexible as time persists. This thesis forms a critical approach to existing incremental practices, one that prioritises informing processes and anticipate longevity. At a local scale, the project offers the potential
to either blend into its surroundings or to start influencing the new and existing buildings. This blend, enables incremental building to create deeper connections to it context and the people that live there, this is definitely one way in creating a resilient incrementalism.
158
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
159
8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES + FIGURES
160
THESIS
RESEARCH
CONCEPT
SKETCH
PROJECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
161
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https://unimelb.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/sfxlcl41/?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/
APPENDIX
Skinner, R. (1991). Hamdi, Nabeel, “Housing Without Houses: Participation, Flexibility, Enablement” (Book Review). Third World
BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY
Rodriguez, L. (2012). THE IMPACT OF PREVI ON LIMA. Retrieved from https://www.architecturalpapers.ch/index.php?ID=92
PROJECT
Ramirez, R. (2010). Monterrey / ELEMENTAL. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.mx/mx/page/96?attachment_id=266316
SKETCH
Quezada, M., & Hiche, P. M. (2018). Quinta Monroy 12 years later: an analysis of social housing by Alejandro Aravena. Retrieved from
CONCEPT
print).
Ostrom, E. (2015). Governing the Commons: Cambridge University Press.
RESEARCH
reconstruction: Meeting the stakeholders’ interest.
Mirakhorli, M. (2011). Tracing architecturally significant requirements: a decision-centric approach.
THESIS
Hamdi, N., & Turner, J. F. C. (1991). Housing Without Houses: Participation, Flexibility, Enablement: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
163
List of Figures Figure 1.0 Satellite of Baguio City
Doshi, B. (1988). Sketch of Aranya Social Housing: Staircases, Terraces, as
com/earth. google.com/earth
drawings-reveal-the-identity-of-his-work/5aa1b761f197cc24cd0001eb-bv-
GoogleEarth. (2020). Satellite image of Baguio City. Retrieved from google.
Figure 2.11 Design decisions through incremental building processes.
doshis-drawings-reveal-the-identity-of-his-work-image
Fabrizi, M. (2019). Clusters and Growth: PREVI Housing Project by James
Figure 2.23 Photograph of Aranya Settlement Social Housing
and-growth-previ-housing-project-by-james-stirling-1976/
settlement.
Stirling (1976). Retrieved from http://socks-studio.com/2019/01/20/clusters-
Kaza, K. (2010). The otla: A ‘free space’in Balkrishna Doshi’s Aranya
Figure 2.12 Orthographic drawing of residential iteration from James Stirling
Figure 2.24 The layout of Mexicali at completion
Stirling (1976). Retrieved from http://socks-studio.com/2019/01/20/clusters-
Places(1 (4)). Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05f0d27s
Fabrizi, M. (2019). Clusters and Growth: PREVI Housing Project by James and-growth-previ-housing-project-by-james-stirling-1976/ Figure 2.13 PREVI’ - Stirling’s scheme 1978 and 2003
Aalam, I. (2012). PREVI, Experimental Housing Project, Lima, Peru. Retrieved from https://iqbalaalam.wordpress.com/2012/12/12/previ-experimental-
Fromm, D., & Bosselmann, P. (194). Seven Years Later [Mexicali Revisited].
Figure 2.25 Mexicali’s layout seven years later
Fromm, D., & Bosselmann, P. (194). Seven Years Later [Mexicali Revisited]. Places(1 (4)). Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05f0d27s
housing-project-lima-peru-part-i/
Figure 2.26 Entries from the street replaced those from communal space
Figure 2.14 Quinta Monroy built before occupation (left) and residential
Places(1 (4)). Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05f0d27s
occupation (right)
Fromm, D., & Bosselmann, P. (194). Seven Years Later [Mexicali Revisited].
Martínez, C., & Elemental. (2013). ELEMENTAL - ALEJANDRO ARAVENA VILLA
Figure 2.27 Original structures of disaster relief(left), Expansions of
elemental-alejandro-aravena-villa-verde-project
Mindinao
VERDE PROJECT. Retrieved from https://divisare.com/projects/265944-
Figure 2.15 Villa Verde built before occupation (left) and residential occupation (right)
Martínez, C., & Elemental. (2013). ELEMENTAL - ALEJANDRO ARAVENA VILLA VERDE PROJECT. Retrieved from https://divisare.com/projects/265944-
residential houses (right) of incremental Housing in Cayagan de Oro, Carrasco, S., Dangol, N., & Recio, R. B. (2014). Rebuilding from disaster:
it doesn’t end when housing aid projects finish. Retrieved from https:// theconversation.com/rebuilding-from-disaster-it-doesnt-end-whenhousing-aid-projects-finish-134030
elemental-alejandro-aravena-villa-verde-project
Figure 2.28 Expansions of residential houses of incremental Housing in
Figure 2.16 Monterrey built before occupation (left) and residential
Carrasco, S., Dangol, N., & Recio, R. B. (2014). Rebuilding from disaster:
occupation (right)
Ramirez, R. (2010). Monterrey Housing, LAS ANACUAS / ELEMENTAL.
Retrieved from https://divisare.com/projects/266016-elemental-alejandroaravena-las-anacuas-housing
Figure 2.21 Form Variations of Aranya Social Housing: Staircases, Terraces, as Living Spaces
Barker, T., & Langra, T. (2009). Housing the poor: a study of Aranya, India. Figure 2.22 Housing development overtime 164
Living Spaces. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/890414/bv-doshis-
Cayagan de Oro, Mindinao
it doesn’t end when housing aid projects finish. Retrieved from https:// theconversation.com/rebuilding-from-disaster-it-doesnt-end-whenhousing-aid-projects-finish-134030 Figure 3.01 Quinta Monroy
Quezada, M., & Hiche, P. M. (2018). Quinta Monroy 12 years later: an analysis
of social housing by Alejandro Aravena. Retrieved from https://arquitechne. com/quinta-monroy-12-anos-depois-uma-analise-da-habitacao-social-dealejandro-aravena/
Figure 3.02 Villa Verde
planning-in-chaos-Aug-2011-05.html
VERDE PROJECT. Retrieved from https://divisare.com/projects/265944-
Figure 4.31 Living room and kitchen trace analyses. Lamundi. (2020). House
MartĂnez, C., & Elemental. (2013). ELEMENTAL - ALEJANDRO ARAVENA VILLA elemental-alejandro-aravena-villa-verde-project
com.ph/benguet/baguio/house/rent/
Ramirez, R. (2010). Monterrey / ELEMENTAL. Retrieved from https://www.
Figure 4.31 Pairings of trace analyses in Baguio homes
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5e74/20ab/
https://www.lamudi.com.ph/benguet/baguio/house/rent/
archdaily.mx/mx/page/96?attachment_id=266316
jpg?1584668816
Figure 4.41 Rain Induced Landslide Susceptibility
Figure 3.04 Quinta Monroy Aerial
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.05.002
Quezada, M., & Hiche, P. M. (2018). Quinta Monroy 12 years later: an analysis
Estoque, R. C., & Murayama, Y. (2013). City Profile: Baguio. Cities, 30, 240-251.
Figure 4.42 Satellite imagery of Bagiuo City, Benguet, Philippines (Google
alejandro-aravena/
GoogleEarth. (2020). Satellite image of Baguio City. Retrieved from google.
com/quinta-monroy-12-anos-depois-uma-analise-da-habitacao-social-de-
Suyin Chia, C. M. (2010). Villa Verde Housing / ELEMENTAL. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/447381/villa-verde-housing-elemental
Ramirez, R. (2010). Monterrey / ELEMENTAL. Retrieved from https://www. archdaily.mx/mx/page/96?attachment_id=266316
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5e74/20ab/ jpg?1584668816
Figure 4.01 Satellite of Bagiuo City (Google Earth)
GoogleEarth. (2020). Satellite image of Baguio City. Retrieved from google.
Figure 4.11 View from Kennon Road leading into Baguio City
Carrillo, N. (2010). Baguio Houses. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/
Schmidt, R., & Austin, S. (2016). Adaptable Architecture: Theory and practice: Taylor & Francis.
APPENDIX
com/earth. google.com/earth
importance in the home (Schmidt & Austin, 2016).
BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY
b357/65c4/5c00/0248/newsletter/Las_Anacuas-Elemental-OCT19-2.
Figure 6.01 Component Selections, indication of family values, elements of
PROJECT
Figure 3.06 Monterrey (Las Anacuas) Aerial
com/earth. google.com/earth
SKETCH
Figure 3.05 Villa Verde Aerial
Earth)
CONCEPT
of social housing by Alejandro Aravena. Retrieved from https://arquitechne.
RESEARCH
b357/65c4/5c00/0248/newsletter/Las_Anacuas-Elemental-OCT19-2.
Lamundi. (2020). House and lot For Sale in Baguio, Benguet. Retrieved from
THESIS
Figure 3.03 Monterrey (Las Anacuas)
and lot For Sale in Baguio, Benguet. Retrieved from https://www.lamudi.
wiki/Baguio#/media/File:Baguio_houses.JPG
Figure 4.12. Urban population growth leaves city planning of housing in chaos
Acred, M. L. (2001). Architecture Baguio City has grown rapidly leaving city planning in chaos. Retrieved from https://www.asisbiz.com/Philippines/ Baguio/pages/Architecture-Baguio-City-has-grown-rapidly-leaving-city-
165