Selected Works
Andrew Cunningham
2
1
4
6 3
5
Andrew Cunningham ARCunningham.com
B. Arch 2012 M. Arch 2013
4 // chapter title
Table of Content
Resume
Masters Thesis
Air-Rights Research Parallel Transit Corridor TOD Hybrid Building
Urban Design Research GIS Walkability Study
Senior Thesis
Future Use Building
Built Work
International Students and Scholars Institute
6
12 20 24
42
52
64 section title // 5
Andrew Cunningham
ARCunningham.com
EDUCATION
425.753.6656 cunningham.andrew@me.com 703 Bellevue Ave. E, Apt 317 Seattle, WA 98102
Masters: M. Arch, Bachelors: B.S. Arch,
Northeastern University, Northeastern University,
Boston, MA Boston, MA
2012-2013 2006-2012
Study Abroad: Sustainable Transit
Delft University of Techology
Delft, Netherlands
2012
Study Abroad: Architecture
Academic Intitiatives Abroad
Rome, Italy
2010
PROFESSIONAL Architectural Design Intern: Northeastern University, Boston,MA Facilitated concept designs, feasibility studies, schematic designs, construction documents, and finish schedules for the needs of the Universities 2.5 million sq. ft. campus. Conducted field measurements for as-build documentation. Generated renderings of projects for clients. Managed client communication and relations.
Fall 2011
Urban Design Intern: Massachusetts Port Authority, Boston, MA Responsible for updating the port-wide basemap and creating graphics for office presentations and documentation. Assisted with creating presentations for potential real-estate investors. Conducted feasibility studies for LEED certification process of existing port properties. Observed infrastructure planning and development process.
Fall 2009
Architectural Drafting Intern: Stantec, Kirkland, WA Participated on project team for medium to large franchise clients. Assisted with communal CAD drafting and red-line work. Produced additional graphics for assisting with client presentations and communication.
Summer 2008
6 // chapter title
COMPETITIONS Boston Pedestrian Study: Downtown Boston Business Improvement District, Boston, MA
2012
Herculaneum Archeological: Hewlett Packard Humanities Institute, Naples, Italy
2010
Frugal Architecture Competition: Bruno Zevi Foundation, Rome, Italy
2010
Interests
SKILLS Photoshop
Kerkythea
Architecture
Illustrator
Podium
Art & Photography
InDesign VRay
Biking
Autocad FormZ
Hiking
Revit
Mac OS X
Transit
Sketchup
Windows 7
Urbanism
ArcGIS Microsoft Office Google Earth
Volunteering
iWork & iLife section title // 7
Air Rights CSX Beacon Park Rail Yard
Charles River
1
Boston University West
2
Boston University East Kenmore Square
3 4 5 6
8
7
9
10
Fenway Park
Fenway
Tim Glickman
Parcel 1
Katherine Murphy
Parcels 16-23
Allison Marschilok
Parcel 18
Rachel DeBaun
Parcel 9-10
Pablo Juarez
Parcel 4-6
Haiyang Xu
Parcel 8
Frank Delledera
Parcel 12
Chris Gallo
Parcels 21-22
Drew Cunningham
Parcel 8
Boston Air Rights Parcels | Spring 2013 | Northeastern University Graduate Program of Architecture | Master’s Degree Project | Tim Love 8 // chapter Masterstitle Thesis
11
12
Financial District
Boston Public Gardens
Boston Common
Back Bay
South Station
Chinatown Bay Village Hancock Garage
13
15 14
Prudential Center
16
17
Copley Place
18
19
20 21
22 23
South End
I-93
section Research title // 9
Thesis Research History of ‘Air Rights’ Air - Rights projects are believed to have originated in the 13th century in medieval Roman law. It is commonly thought that the Ponte Vecchio, a bridge with many shops in Florence, Italy, which dates back to the 14th century was the first air rights project in history. The famous architect Le Corbusier discussed the concept of raising residential and commercial activities above transit in his 1815 book ‘Towards a New Architecture’ and ‘Ville Pilotis’ .
after the construction of the Interstate Highway System. Many air-rights projects were constructed simultaneously with the interstate below them. Examples include the George Washington Bus Terminal and Apartments in NYC, the Prudential Building in Chicago, an the Prudential Center in Boston, MA. Projects that Could Not Although Air - Rights projects are incredibly successful at creating value above existing infrastructure, a number of proposed development projects in the recent decades have failed to be constructed. There seem to be three main categories that are standing in the way of projects being completed successfully: 1. Political/Community 2. Technical Issues 3. Financial Issues. While these are all obstacles that are difficult to overcome, the public sentiment in Boston and around the nation is growing in favor of air rights projects.
Projects that Could The concept of “Air Rights” was first utilized in the United States atop railroad property, but has also been utilized with roadways and other buildings. While the concept had been around since antiquity, it was not until trains were electrified, that Air Rights projects became feasible. The first notable project within the United States was Grand Central Station and adjacent blocks in New York, New York. Another push for air-rights developed what is not // 79
10 // chapter Masters title Thesis
section Research title // 11
Thesis Research Development
on end Clar
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12 // chapter Masters title Thesis
what is // 37
1 188 ce: Sour
Timeline
The
Bosto
las n At
Copley Place (1983) 1 185 ce: Sour
2013 Hancock Garage (1976) and Prudential Center (1964)
5 177 Sourc
e: Th
e Bo
ston
The
; Atlas
Bosto
Librar
las n At
y of
; Bo
sto
n Pu
Lib blic
rary
ress Cong
1980 City blocks removed for rail yard
1957 City blocks infilled
1881 Railroads
1851 Wetlands
1775 what is //title 29 // 13 section Research
Project Economic Studies
TOTAL
easible
ce were e scale of the es. The llion sq ed and Railroad 414,000 ff ramp, These e if the
address at are ver, the fit into ocated. have a Users 90 and without
ites to major When expand as their me time
Total square footage over I-90 PRUDENTIAL CENTER 18.5% HANCOCK TOWER AND GARAGE 12%
COPLEY PLACE 16.8%
Total square footage 38.5%
27%
Ground floor square footage over I-90
20%
47%
21.8%
Ground floor square footage
what is // 51
14 // chapter Masters title Thesis
Architecture Techtonics -Utilities -Code -Right of Way
Urbanism
Connectivity -Pedestrian -Urban Fabric -Mitigation
Neighborhood -Zoning -Density
Urban Morphology
Regional -Infrastructure -Connectivity
Construction Logistics
Urban Redevelopment Sustainability
Structure
Density (FAR)
Program ‘Cost Premium’
Transit
Subsidy Opportunity Development
Development Threshold
Value
Market Land Ownership -Ground Lease -Code
Property Value Funding Economic Feasability
section Research title // 15
Left A perspective view of the cooridor park on Parcel 17. Below A groundfloor site plan for the development.
16 // chapter Masters title Thesis
Mortgage Crisis Mortgage Crisis Recession Recession
Dot-com Recession Doc-Com Recession
Gulf War Recession Gulf War Recession
Parcel 17 used pre-case 8% concrete panels that 8% were placed over the highway and railroad tracks to create its deck. The tower on Parcel 6% 6% 16 was the0% most complicated deck design and utilized a lightweight concrete deck. 4% One particular hurdle for the project 4% related to the deck of the ground floor of Parcel 16’s Columbus Center tower. The tower 2% -2% was difficult 2% on the parcel to construct largely due to site conditions. Because the street is 0% 0% particularly low at this site, it was impossible for transfer beams to be constructed under the deck and still maintain clearances for the -2% -4% railway. -2% highway and The design required the ground floor deck to be 1965 hung from the 1970 transfer -4% beams by tensile columns. The transfer beams -4% 1965 1970 1975 1965 1970 1975
Iranian Energy Crisis Iranian Energy Crisis
deck weathering and associated structural impacts). At this price, for Parcel 16 alone, the decking cost premium is equivalent to approximately $24 million. However, after the price of steel began to steeply climb after 2005, the cost of the deck increased. Each parcel had a unique deck condition and design. The decking strategy for Columbus Center was therefore unrepeatable and somewhat inefficient. The differing deck conditions were necessary to address different site conditions for their respective parcels. Parcel 18’s deck was the simplest to construct with single beams spanning from caissons to form the deck of the parking structure above.
Energy Crisis Recession Energy Recession
Case Study: Columbus Center deck maintenance costs (mitigation of
OPEC Recession OPEC Recession
2%
Nixon Recession Nixon Recession
4%
were then able to be located on the 2nd floor so that the ground floor could be flush with street level and highway clearances maintained. Another hurdle for the project resulted from the John Hancock Insurance Corporation. After the sale of the air-rights to the Columbus Center developer it was discovered that the land adjacent to the highway associated with Parcel 16 reverted back to the John Hancock Insurance Corporation in the event of a sale. When this was discovered, the John Hancock Corporation was in the process of selling its properties and exercised the right to this land. This was a difficulty for the project in 1975 1990 that the tower1980 on Parcel 16 1985 could no longer to terra and that 1985 1990 1995firma2000 2000 2005 the tower 2011 1980be anchored 1980 1985 1990 1995 2005 2011
Duration ofofColumbus Duration Columbus US Recession Center Development Center Development
US GDP Growth US Recession
US GDP Growth case studies // 191
case studies // 187
Caption Proposed Rendering of Columbus Center
section Research title // 17
campus building directly abuts the highway. Air rights projects must address the grade change between the at grade elevation on the Southern side and the adjacent building on the Northern side. The railway tracks at this site are not electrified, though clearance must be kept in-case they are electrified in the future.
Mountfort St.
Cummington Mall
Section Typologies Boston University: At Grade
pe 2: Bowker Overpass
e Bowker Overpass also is another allenging air rights site. The overpasses nnot bear any additional load, so all structure st be independent of the overpass. This ates a gap that must be present for an pansion joint. Overpasses are rarely level nditions, and create a geometric issue that utting air rights projects must address.
Eastbound
Westbound
12’
12’
50’
48’
48’
Eastbound
12’
12’
110’
18 // chapter Masters title Thesis
Ipswich St.
Interstate 90
Newbury St.
Westbound
// design
Conrail Tracks
156 // design
40’
48’
Bowker Overpass: Sloping Grade
must be independent of the overpass. This creates a gap that must be present for an expansion joint. Overpasses are rarely level conditions, and create a geometric issue that abutting air rights projects must address. Also, due to the spans of the highway, all spans and footings must be located on median or adjacent terrafirma.
Massachusetts Ave: Narrow Valley Type 4: Chinatown The Chinatown and South End air rights sites pose another problem due to their large size and long spans. These sites have been recommended to have intermediate streets to break up the blocks. Furthermore, these sites have retaining walls. Retaining walls occur all along the Pike. Although they may not be the same condition, they are necessary factor for mitigating the elevation changes on each side of the highway. Thus creating a problematic factor that air rights projects must address when considering construction.
Westbound
Eastbound
12’
12’ 100’
40’
Marginal Rd.
Interstate 90
Chinatown: Wide Valley
MBTA Tracks
Hearald St.
160 // design
Eastbound Westbound
12’ 110’ 162 // design
12’ 92’ section Research title // 19
Parallel Transportation Corridor
Downtown Typical Light Rail Distribution Light Rail with Downtown Subway Typical Streecar Streetcar with ‘light rail’ segment Unsucessful Streecar with long distances
400’ length 20 // chapter Masters title Thesis
Business School Science Center Cambridge Street
Beacon Yards Stadium Commonwealth Ave. Landsdowne High Rise Mass Ave
Parallel Transit section Corridor title // 21
Boston Population Density (2010) 22 // chapter Masters title Thesis
5
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47, 57 57 47, 47, 57 47, 60 60 47, 47, 60
Station Spreadv Massachusetts Massachusetts Massachusetts Aveune Aveune Aveune
.34 .34 mi. mi. .34 mi. 3 min. 3 min. 3 min.
Massachusetts Massachusetts Massachusetts Aveune Aveune Aveune
Transit Connections
Fenway / Landsdowne Fenway Fenway //Landsdowne Landsdowne Street Street Street
.38 .38 mi. mi. .38 mi. 3 min. 3 min. 3 min.
Fenway Fenway / Landsdowne //Landsdowne Fenway Landsdowne Street Street Street
High Rise High High Rise Rise
.5 .5 mi. mi. .5 mi. 4 min. 4 min. 4 min.
High Rise High High Rise Rise
64 64 64 Commonwealth Commonwealth Commonwealth Avenue Avenue Avenue
.25 .25 mi. mi. .25 mi. 2 min. 2 min. 2 min.
Commonwealth Commonwealth Commonwealth Avenue Avenue Avenue
Stadium Stadium Stadium
.25 .25 mi. mi. .25 mi. 2 min. 2 min. 2 min.
Stadium Stadium Stadium
Beacon Yards Beacon Beacon Yards Yards
Cambridge Street Cambridge Cambridge Street Street
.21 .21 mi. mi. .21 mi. 2 min. 2 min. 2 min.
Beacon Beacon Beacon Yards Yards Yards
70 70 70
Cambridge Cambridge Cambridge Street Street Street
Science Center Science Science Center Center
Busness School Busness Busness School School
.21 .21 mi. mi. .21 mi. 2 min. 2 min. 2 min.
Science Science Science Center Center Center
Busness Busness Busness School School School
Massachusetts Massachusetts Massachusetts Aveune Aveune Aveune
Fenway Landsdowne Fenway //Landsdowne Fenway / Landsdowne Street Street Street
High High Rise Rise High Rise
Commonwealth Commonwealth Commonwealth Avenue Avenue Avenue
Stadium Stadium Stadium
Beacon Beacon Yards Yards Beacon Yards
Cambridge Cambridge Street Street Cambridge Street
Science Science Center Center Science Center
Busness Busness School School Busness School
Alignment Distances
.6 .6 mi. mi. .6 mi. 4 min. 4 min. 4 min.
1 1 1
Parallel Transit section Corridor title // 23
TOD Hyrbid Buildings Case Study: Landsdowne Place Landsdowne Place is a mixed-use hybrid building that provides both transit-oriented development while connecting the Fenway cultural district with Kenmore Square. Bridging over an 8 lane interstate-highway and 2 MBTA train tracks at a distance of 150’, the proposed development creates. There are multiple connections to the surrounding context, and distinctive entrances for the multiple program uses. Lastly, the building has its own station along the Parallel-Transportation Corridor. The building has its own Light-Rail station to provide direct connection to the building amentities as well as mobility and connection for the surrounding neighrbohoods.
24 // chapter Masters title Thesis
Parcel 8
TOD Hybrid section Buildings title // 25
Site Axonometric
26 // chapter title
Program Axonometric
section title // 27
28 // chapter Masters title Thesis
TOD Hybrid section Buildings title // 29
Floor 3
30 // chapter Masters title Thesis
Floor 4
Floor 5
Floor 6-15
Floor 16-22
TOD Hybrid section Buildings title // 31
Building Section
32 // chapter Masters title Thesis
Landsdowne St.
Light Rail
MBTA Commuterrail
I-90 Eastbound
I-90 Westbound
TOD Hybrid section Buildings title // 33
Building Section - Longitudinal Interstate 90
34 // chapter Masters title Thesis
Hotel Tower
Hotel Program
Office Space
Parking Garage
Sky Lobby
TOD Hybrid section Buildings title // 35
Renderings
36 // chapter Masters title Thesis
TOD Hybrid section Buildings title // 37
Ground Floor Structure Grid
70’
70’
44’
38 // chapter Masters title Thesis
55’
55’
35’
TOD Hybrid section Buildings title // 39
Structure Axon
Foundation 40 // chapter Masters title Thesis
Floor 3 - Hotel Structure Transfer
Floor 5 - Office Structure Transfer
Floor 22 TOD Hybrid section Buildings title // 41
Urban Design Research Restructuring our Urban Infrastructure In alignment with the goals of improving urban sustainability, contemporary Urban Design encourages walkable neighborhoods. However, often times the existing conditions of our urban structure discourages pedestrianism to the point where automobiles are the only practical form of personal transportation. Although there are many forms of sustainable transportation, fossil fuel based transit must be reduced. Structuring our urban infrastructure to encourage walking as a primary means of transportation has the ability to both reduce fossil fuel consumption and improves urban vitality. It is necessary to re-shape the existing built environment in a manner that encourages alternatives to the automobile. Pedestrianism is the ultimate sustainable transportation.
form
pedestrian infrastructure, and investments could be made to improve the overall state of walkability. Furthermore, it was concluded that development around transportation nodes is light and not well structured. Ideally development around the transportation nodes would be dense and well laid-out to
encourage pedestrianism. The relationship between pedestrianism and public transit is highly symbiotic. Public transit depends on pedestrians as trip generation, and pedestrians depend on Public Transportation for increased mobility.
of
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software has the opportunity to address walkability concerns, evaluate existing infrastructure, and assess the condition of our built environment. In this case study, simple GIS techniques were used to identify assets of existing infrastructure, perceived and real barriers to pedestrianism, and ultimately to make recommendations on infrastructure investment opportunities. The research concluded that it is incredibly difficult to improve existing infrastructure in urban environments, but that there was a decent level of existing infrastructure in the neighborhood. The existing neighborhood is highly fragmented in pockets of acceptable 42 // chapter Urban Design title Research
Above An artists illustration of the 50/50 vision.
Above A pedestrian only street near Downtown Crossing in Boston, MA
GIS Walkability section Study title // 43
GIS Walkability Study Jamaica Plain Neighborhood Boston, MA
44 // chapter Urban Design title Research
Transit Connections
T
T
T
T 5 & 10 minute Population Density walk radius
High School
1500 - 2000
Middle School
Elementary School
0
2000’
Schools
1001 - 1500
1000’
501 - 1000
GIS Walkability section Study title // 45
Population Density
Population Density
High School
1500 - 2000
Middle School
0
2000’
Schools
1001 - 1500
1000’
501 - 1000
Elementary School
46 // chapter Urban Design title Research
GIS | ENVR 5260
Sidewalk Infrastructure
Population Density
High School
1500 - 2000
Middle School
0
2000’
Schools
1001 - 1500
1000’
501 - 1000
Elementary School GIS Walkability section Study title // 47
GIS | ENVR 5260
Perceived Road Barriers
Population Density
High School
1500 - 2000
Middle School
0
2000’
Schools
1001 - 1500
1000’
501 - 1000
Elementary School
48 // chapter Urban Design title Research
GIS | ENVR 5260
Neighborhood Fragmentation
2000’
0
1000’
Infrastructure Improvements - Crosswalk improvements - Sidewalk replacement
GIS Walkability section Study title // 49
GIS | ENVR 5260
Infrastructure Investment Areas
2000’
0
1000’
Infrastructure Improvements - Crosswalk improvements - Sidewalk replacement
50 // chapter Urban Design title Research
GIS | ENVR 5260
GIS Walkability section Study title // 51
Comprehensive
Ancilary Program
Design Studio
Conference Small Meeting
Service
Sequence
Public Realm
Seminar
03
Classroom VMS Space
Progra
Primary Program
Leased Space
lle Ga
e
nt Pri
Floor 5
-Leasable Office Space -Conference Room
ry
***Auditoirum
Wifi Lounge
Ma fe Ca
Reception
rd ya urt Co try En
p ho
S ine ch
01
Entry
a Lo gD
din
Kendall Square Cambridge, MA
02
rag Sto
k oc
Site Plan
Senior Thesis: Future Use Buildings T STAGE
Floor 5
-Leasable Office Space -Conference Room -Auditoirum
Floor 3
-VMS Space -Classrooms -Leasable Office Space -Conference Room -Seminar Space
Floor 3
-VMS Space -Classrooms -Leasable Office Space -Conference Room -Seminar Space
Floor 2
-VMS Space -VMS Administration -Leasable Office Space -Wifi Lounge -Gallery -Seminar Space
Floor 1
-Retail -MBTA T-Stop -Bike Storage -Lobby -Reception -Cafe -Kitchen -Print Shop -Fabrication Shop -Loading Dock
52 // chapter Senior Thesis title
Internal Courtyard Perspective
Street Perspective
Future Use section Buildings title // 53
Ground Plan
Reception Retail Space
Retail Space
MBTA Station Cafe
VMS Storage
Print Shop
54 // chapter Senior Thesis title
Loading Dock
/ Fabrication
Bike Storage
Machine Shop
Second Floor Plan
Conference Room VMS Leasable Space
VMS Leasable Space
Administrative Offices
Gallery
Atrium
VMS Leasable Space
VMS Leasable Space
VMS Leasable
Space
VMS Leasable
Space
Future Use section Buildings title // 55
Courtyard Rendering
56 // Internal chapter Senior Thesis title Courtyard Perspective
A
C
C
B
B
A
Section A A
1/8” = 1’-0”
Section B B
1/8” = 1’-0”
Section C C
1/8” = 1’-0”
Future Use section Buildings title // 57
Auditorium Ancilary Program
Parti
Public Realm
Seminar
01 volume 01 volume
PHASE
02 axis
02 axis 03
Classroom VMS Space Leased Space
03 voids
Program Diagram
Floor 6
I. 04 connections
Floor 5
-Leasable Office Space -Conference Room
02
lle Ga
e
nt Pri
ry
***Auditoirum
Wifi Lounge
Ma fe Ca
Reception
rd ya urt Co try En
p ho
Par ti
S ine ch
Sequence
Small Meeting
Service
rag Sto
01
Entry
Floor 5
a Lo
gD
din
k oc
T
03 voids 03 voids
Par ti
Site Plan
04
Conference
Primary Program
Program
|12
ehensive
n o
I.
04 connections
STAGE
04 connections
Floor 5
-Leasable Office Space -Conference Room -Auditoirum
04|12
Floor 4
Comprehensive
Design Studio
II.
0 4 |1 2
05 terracing & south
06 surface
Comprehensive
Design Studio
Floor 3
-VMS Space -Classrooms -Leasable Office Space -Conference Room -Seminar Space
II. 05 terracing & south 05 terracing & south
Floor 3
06 surface
06 surface
Floor 3
-VMS Space -Classrooms -Leasable Office Space -Conference Room -Seminar Space
Floor 2
07 rendering 07 rendering
III.
Floor 2
-VMS Space -VMS Administration -Leasable Office Space -Wifi Lounge -Gallery -Seminar Space
III.
Floor 1
-Retail -MBTA T-Stop -Bike Storage -Lobby -Reception -Cafe -Kitchen -Print Shop -Fabrication Shop -Loading Dock
Floor 1
IV.
58 // chapter Senior Thesis title
IV.
Future Use section Buildings title // 59
60 // chapter Senior Thesis title g
Bracing
tain wall
-0”
1/2” = 1’-0”
Section Detail - Curtain Wall
6” steel round column
2’-0” x 2’-0” diffuser
15” Return duct
15” Supply duct
4 1/4” Fire life plumbing line
1” Acoustical tile in 2’-0” x 2’-0” ceiling tile grid
24” Castellated beam with 16” openings
15” I-beam girder
7 1/4” concrete on 3 1/2” steel decking
9” Relieving angle
1/4” Radiant polyeurethane tubing embedded in 2” lightweight concrete
Subfloor, 1/4”
Finished floor, 1/4”
Stone veneer
Cavity
Vapor barrier
4” Rigid insulation
EPDM waterproof membrane @1/4”:1’-0”
Parapet
Wall Section
gs
e
ion wall
ing
g tile grid
Future Use section Buildings title // 61
Compacted gravel
Poured in place concrete slab on grade
Existing foundation wall
New column and 5/8� gypsum sheathing
Existing load-bearing masonry wall
Elevations
North Elevation
1/8” = 1’-0”
South Elevation
62 // chapter Senior title 1/8” =Thesis 1’-0”
North Elevation South Elevation
1/8” = 1’-0”
South Elevation Future Use section Buildings title // 63
ISSI Office Redesign Northeastern University, Boston, MA Staff Offices + Student Cultural Space
Sp Room 412 4 Drawer High Density File 5 Drawer High Density File
Room 407 2 Drawer File Cabinet 3 Drawer File Cabinet 4 Drawer File Cabinet
64 // chapter Built Work title
16’ 24’ 32’
72’ 90’
4 Drawer File C
Conference R
4 Drawer High 5 Drawer High
FURNITURE PLAN 1/16” = 1’-0”
Recep
2 Dr 3 Dr
ISSI section Renovation title // 65
Proposed Renovation
Classroom
Classroom
Storage
Mailbox
66 // chapter Built Work title
& Design
Classroom
ISSI section Renovation title // 67
Interior Photos
68 // chapter title
section title // 69
70 // chapter Built Work title
ISSI section Renovation title // 71
72 // chapter Built Work title
ISSI section Renovation title // 73
74 // chapter Built Work title
ISSI section Renovation title // 75
Thank you for taking the time to review my portfolio.