The Loop: 2030

NEGOTIATED GROUND: GENERATIVE PROTOTYPES

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G KI SUNARTA THE LOOP: 2030 ADRIAN LA I & Lai Ching Kit Adrian (3035893676)

: 2 030 ADRIAN LAI & YONGKI SUNARTA THE LOOP: 2030 ADRIAN LA I & Y

G KI SUNARTA THE LOOP: 2030 ADRIAN LAI & YONGKI SUNARTA TH E L O N O

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The University of Hong Kong March Studio Semester 1 2021-2022 Joshua Bolchover + Kent Mundle / Donn Holohan + Jersey Poon

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It is there to break.

It is there to heal.

This is the cycle.

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CONTENT: + PHASE 1: TRANSFORMATION 1.0 PROCESS EXPERIMENT FINAL DRAWING

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+ PHASE 2: SPATIAL GENERATOR SITE

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DESIGN PROTOTYPE

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CONCRETE + DOWEL RODS

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+ PHASE 3: SITUATING & ADAPTING HKG SITE

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ADPAPTATION - CANTILEVER

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ITERATION 1

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ITERATION 2

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ITERATION 3

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ITERATION 4

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ITERATION 5

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ITERATION 6

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ITERATION 7

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FINAL DRAWING - DRAFT LAYOUT

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THE LOOP: 2030

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MODELS

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VIDEO

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+ PHASE 4: THE (IM)PERMANANCE THE LOOP: 2050

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THE LOOP: 2100

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THE LOOP: 2200

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01: TRANSFORMATION

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Ossification

PROCESS: BREAK

Repair Method 1: Plaster Brick with Clay Brick Fragments

Experimentation According to the dictionary, Ossification is defined as becoming hard and changing into bone. To interpret the word into the design of a device, I separated the process of the word into three parts: Break > Repair > Grow This experiment focuses on the repair and the growth part of an object. I chose brick to be the object

as it shatters into different pieces when brick breaks and creates a gap in between. At first, my device is to create a mould device to repair the crack. I first tried to break the brick by throwing it on the ground. However, it did not break. I used another method that involved hammer and chisel. I only hammered fragments of the brick which is not compelling enough. At last, I used the water jet pressure cutter to cut the break in

half, which was successful. Then, I created the mould device with pieces of layered wood. The cracked brick is carefully placed into the mould device, and plaster is poured into the device. The crack of the brick is hardened and able to repair the damage. I tried to break it by throwing it on the ground. However, the plaster is not strong enough to hold the brick fragment in this impact.

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Ossification

PROCESS: BREAK

01 Hammer and Chisel to break the brick

02 Only brick fragments are broken

03 Fragments from original brick

04 Water jet Pressure cutter to cut the brick

05 Moulding device to mould plaster to repair crack

06 Failed Experiment: Brick crack after plaster moulding

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Ossification

PROCESS: REPAIR

72 hours of Crystallization

Reference: Roger Hiorns, Seizure, 2008 Source: https://imageobjecttext.com/2012/06/05/true-blue/

Zoom In

Reference: Tokujin Yoshioka, Venus chair, 2008 Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2008/10/05/venus-chair-by-tokujin-yoshioka/

CRYSTALLIZATION After moulding the crack with plaster, I realised that the repair process did not create growth. After elaborating my ideas and doing some research, Crystallization is a physical transformation of liquid to the solid form of crystal.

During the process, liquid bonds with molecules and creates a compact structure on the surface, which hardens the surface of an object. This process fits the idea of repairing and growth.

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Ossification

EXPERIMENT: COPPER SULPHATE & EPSOM SALT

Copper Sulphate Epsom Salt Filtered Solution

Filtration of boiled solution

Step 1: Boil the copper sulphate and filter the liquid solution

Step 1: Boil the Epsom Salt and place the solution in the freezer

Step 2: Crystallization happens when solution cools down and be undisturbed

Step 2: The crystal form rapidly under 10 minutes due to the change of temperature

Step 3: 24 hours of crystallization

Step 3: Crystal is formed but not hard enough to bond the crack.

Copper Sulphate

Epsom Salt 5

Ossification

MEASURING DEVICE + EXPERIMENT

Measuring Device

EXPERIMENT A: Copper Sulphate

EXPERIMENT B: Ammonia + Bluing + Epsom Salt

EXPERIMENT C: Aluminium Potassium Sulphate

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01: Copper Sulphate

02: Ammonia + Bluing + Epsom Salt

03: Aluminium Potassium Sulphate

DEVICE & EXPERIMENT The purpose of the device is to grow the crystal in a controlled environment and measure the level of crystal changes from different elevation views. Different crystals are grown in the device and each form has a different crystallization result in the experiment.

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Ossification

FINAL DRAWING: REPAIR

OSSIFICATION This final drawing shows the result of crystallization of three different experiments within three days. Copper sulphate solution only grow at the bottom of the device while Aluminium Potassium Sulphate grows all in between the cracks and form a strong bonding. Epsom Salt does not form any crystal during the experiment.

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Ossification

FINAL DRAWING: MAGNIFIER

OSSIFICATION This final drawing shows the crystallization of Aluminium Potassium Sulphate in a scale of 5:1. The white area represents the crystals where they are more concentrate. The drawing shown in 2 sectors (Plan and Side landscape) and in 3 different levels in each side.

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02: SPATIAL GENERATOR

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Spatial Generator

SITE: INTERSECTION

Site Model 1: 50 - Intersection - Mass and Frame, Multiple Circulation

Intersection This exercise is to create a spatial generator for the specific site. The site that have been chosen is an intersection somewhere in Hong Kong.

the intersection. In order not to obstruct the circulation inside the intersection, the design topology is to build at the side bank to create free access across the pathway.

Circulation

The gates along the road create a foundation for different structure to build on a different level. Gateway can be connected by different bridges to create different circulations in a higher level. Connections are built on top of each other which create

According to Dictionary, the be understand overlapping or Different routes

the Cambridge intersection can where two line cross each other. can be happen in

different intersections on top of the original intersection. This allows different combination of routes from one end to another while allowing various view points compare to the lower ground.

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Spatial Generator

DESIGN PROTOTYPE - CIRCULATION

Gateway - No obstruction on the main pathways

Bridge structure - Connection to other gateways

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Ground free access - Cantilever - Infrastructure

Level difference - Connection access from ground to top level

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Spatial Generator

OSSIFICATION - CORROSION - CANTILEVER

THE LOOP After making different design prototypes on the site model , the cantilever model trigger most of the interest during the review. The intersection acts as a loop of circulation where our design principle is to create a loop from the start, to the cantilever and end at the same as the starting point. Different loop iterations are designed and tested on the site model to create the best result for the loop effect.

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Spatial Generator

DESIGN PROTOTYPE - SINGLE CANTILEVER

Open ground access - Loop circulation with cantilever to the open area

Mass in the frame - Anchor to the site

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Spatial Generator

DESIGN PROTOTYPE - DOUBLE CANTILEVER

Double circulation - Different view points with cantilever

Double Cantilever - Overseeing the sight in different points of view

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Spatial Generator

CONCRETE + DOWEL RODS

TIMBER + CONCRETE = SPATIAL GENERATOR In the previous iterations, there have always been this loop of entrance, going up, and going down, in which they utilize part of the ground as the structural support while also try to leave as much space as possible for access.

The pair tried several iterations on the form articulation and framing, which end up on this final two forms

which essentially have the same concept, But have different spatial and structural configuration.

In the final proposal, the pair is trying to generate the cycle concrete mass as a representation of the space, and the wooden frame representing the main structural support. In the later phase, they are going to reflect the mass as a space where

it contains most of the programs which has lighter and more efficient structural system as it’s going to be cantilevered, and the wooden frame is going to be the more robust structural system which can holds down the main spaces above ties it back to the ground.

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Spatial Generator

THE FLUKE CYCLE

The first one is the result of horizontal pouring which resulting in a fluke of “perfect” slab casted in between the loop mass. Interestingly, the slab goes through the loop, tying the cantilever back to the ground. As a result also, it is heavier, so it requires more structural system down to the ground without having to worry about the cantilever bit since the slab should do its job on tying it back to the ground support. The structural frame used here is called the portal scheme since even though it has more structure piercing through the ground, it still maintain visibility and sense of lightness.

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Spatial Generator

THE CYCLE

The second cast is the result of vertical pouring, which resulting in a hollow centred loop mass as initially intended. Since it is hollow, the space is concentrated at the edge or just at the loop, which makes it lighter, therefore it does not require much structure going down supporting the back end. However, cantilever structure is created in order to holding the cantilever bit - tying it back to the ground.

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03: SITUATING + ADAPTING

Situating + Adapting

HKG SITE

Intersection The site location is in San Tin, near Sheung Shuen and the boarder of Shenzhen. The intersection is surrounded by fish ponds where the local fisherman breed the fish fry that is imported from China.

The fisherman live next to the fish ponds to operate the fish pond system. There are three types of fish that breed in the fish pond and sell to the local market when the fish reaches its marketable size.

Different foods are fed to the fish, including bread.

The site is also a transitory wetland for the birds, since it is a popular bird migration path during autumn and spring. Birds from the northern hemisphere fly south to avoid the cold winter, and will fly back north to breed. Therefore, this site, along with Mai Po, is a popular bird watching destination.

The site has a view straight to

Shenzhen skyline without any obstruction, since there is no high building on the wetland. Most of the buildings are one to two story high, with some electrical poles on the site, which is where usually the birds rest. Some houses are already abandoned, deteriorated, and now are used back by nature - for the plants to overgrow, for the birds to take a shelter.

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Situating + Adapting

ADAPTATION - CANTILEVER

Intersection - Cantilever On the site, there is a lot of intersections as a typology. We are trying to identify the numbers of intersection we have on site and its vicinity, and then we are trying to see how those intersection can relate or link in one way or another. The second mapping also shows the allocation of water body - the strait, the river, and the fish ponds.

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 1

Maze Tower The first iteration shows different circulations inside a tower that created by wooden hinge box, inspired by Kengo Kuma. The intention is to create a maze like tower, where people can wonder around in the tower to explore the building and enjoy the view of the surrounding and the fish ponds.

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 2

Cantilever Tower For the first half of Phase III, we are trying to adapt our form into a tower, by multiplying the loop that we had and having it change in scale. We are trying two different routes of circulation, which is for the fish tanks on the ground floor, cantilevering a bit, and the tower, which is essentially an observation tower with various openings for stopping point along the journey. We are separating the two circulation since we don’t want to confuse and mix the public/private circulation.

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 3 - TOWER IDEAS

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Desperate with our previous session, we are trying to explore different kind of interpretation of the loop into a tower. We end up in a mash up of different routes of various materials and experience for it to be interesting.

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Our design is to provides heavy base with light structure on top as it goes up, using different materials such as concrete, steel, and timber.

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 4 - DUAL LOOPS

A big reform - taking for a step back from the tower idea and still embrace the idea of continuous circulation and cantilever, we create a form that fit the program of fish farming and bird observatory.

The building sit softly onto the ground without obstructing the surrounding. The view inside the fish farm greenhouse can oversee the whole looping circulation of the cantilever. The steel frame of the greenhouse lightly touch the concrete wall to support as a roof.

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The loop starts from the entrance of the main road to the top of the cantilever. After come down from he cantilever, there is a split path with lead you to the entrance or to another view point in the building. The second route of the cantilever loop around and touches back next to the main entrance of the building. The circulation of the building does not obstruct the road access in this intersection.

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 4 - MODEL

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Massing Model The massing model shows the building intersect with the ground. It also shows different program where the lower part is for the fish and upper ground is for the bird. There are two different loops in the model, one on the left and one on the right, which both circulations intersect each other at the middle of the intersection.

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 5 - ANCHORED LOOP

STRUCTURE The cantilever structure need some heavy anchor weight to balance out the gravity force.

In order to let the cantilever to stand without heavy foundation, we decided to get rid of the second loop of cantilever and replaced with extension of the existing main design building. This allows more weight and force disturb evenly throughout the building. This is a big change design leap since this form will stuck till the end with minor improvements and additional detailing only. The whole cantilever 56

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 6 - THE LOOP - PLAN

THE LOOP The form slightly changed from iteration 6 where the extension is shorter.

The fish farming is split into four different sectors. For the public access, there are two ramps which lead people to the top of the cantilever. There are also a short-cut, a staircase in the intersection of the building. At the ground level, there are private access to go to the lower level of the cantilever.

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 6 - SECTION

LINEAR UNFOLD The drawing shows the building section when it is unfolded. The linear section presents how two different programmes connect in the building. The circulation is linear, also as the programme. Three sections are shown to present three different modules that can be combined on site and construct as one loop.

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 6 - SECTION DETAILS

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 6 - SECTION DETAILS

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 7 - THE LOOP - PLAN

SMALL CHANGES MATTER Shrimp farming with Aquaponics is added to increase the income of the fisherman. The program is located at the smaller extension of the building. The steel frame structure of the building change to I beam instead of Holo beam compare to iteration 6. The frame are all connected to supported the cantilever.

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 7 - SECTION

CANTILEVER The biggest changes in iteration 7 is the cantilever structure where the CCTV headquarters inspired us to use the ‘exoskeleton’ system to support the structure using the outer frame. The diagrid is more denser when it is near the turning point of the cantilever, while the other part are less denser where require less structure support.

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 7 - SECTION DETAILS

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 7 - SECTION DETAILS

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 7 - MASSING MODEL

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Situating + Adapting

ITERATION 7 - CANTILEVER STUDY

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Concrete slab

Concrete Foundation

Concrete Slab

Exoskeleton

Steel Beam Connection 81

Vertical Force

Lateral Force

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Bending force at the turning point of the cantilever

Internal force of the structure under gravity

Deformation Behavior of the structure under gravity

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Situating + Adapting

FINAL DRAWING - DRAFT LAYOUT

Storytelling Different layout has been tested for the final panel that connects the plan and the section with the story behind them. The context of the panel is important that link everything together into one.

At the top of the panel, there is a map that indicates Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Most of the fish in Hong Kong are imported from Guangdong and Taiwan. The mapping is to connect to the proposed building where fish, shrimp and vegetable can supply to the local market and ultimately to the global. The panel contains of the isometric plan, fencing section, isometric 3D section, three

different sectional systems and the surrounding context of the site. By connecting all the diagrams, line is used to shows how different system interact with the site and the overall background context.

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THE LOOP: 2030

By 2030, the World Bank predicts that two in every three fish consumed will come from a fish farm. On average, Hong Kong people consume three times as much fish as the rest of the world which means the demand for seafood imports is huge. In Hong Kong, the local fish farmer relies on the import of the fish and grows them back here in the fish ponds, since the fish on the open sea is also scarce due to overfishing a few decades ago. The site is also a transitory space for birds since it is located on bird migration paths during spring and autumn - both for birds going down from winter on the north and birds going up from summer on the south.

As result, the birdwatcher also loves to come to the site but at the same time, there’s no birdwatching observatory on the site except on Mai Po, the Ramsar site located a few kilometres to the west.

of the intersection intact.

Our program is to create a local, self-supply system that benefits the migration bird, fisherman, and local people.

This is an opportunity to ‘reverse’ the import system and make the locals more self-sustainable. The building form can be planted at different intersections and adapted to different site conditions, based on the construction method as well.

Therefore, in response to the site, we have three main interests to raise as our ‘urgency’: birds, fish, and people. Taking intersection from Phase 2 as the generic site, our reaction was to bring in height to the flat fish ponds with a dramatic cantilever over the water. We started with the pre-established form of the cantilever and took the 4 corners idea that converge into one cantilever point, resulting in an integrated loop circulation. The idea of the loop is to intensify the circulation and tie them together but still keep the access

Traditionally, fry is stocked in early spring and most fish species reach marketable size in eight to twelve months and are released to the pond. Aquaponics benefits the fisherman by creating two more different supplies: shrimp and vegetables. This increases the profit for the fisherman during the growth of the fish, responding to the declining rate of fish farming in Hong Kong. This also reduces the vegetation import and intensifies the local agriculture system in Hong Kong. Various vegetables can be grown such as lettuce,

The prefabricated concrete base anchor to the ground allows fast installation to the site, minimizing the impact to the surrounding. The steel frame structure is light compared to the concrete base and provides bracing was necessary to tie back the cantilever structure to the heavy base. The cross-bracing in the cantilever anchors heavily in the turning point and decreases along the pathway.

cauliflower, and watercress in the aquaponics. The water that holds the fish creates nutrition to fertilize the vegetables.

The public and the private journey starts in two different entrances - the ramp and the doors at the intersection, but performs as one linked route, while vertically intersected with the pivot stairs at the centre of the building. The form divides into 3 parts, allowing the experience of going from the solid side to the open side of the building, and finally to the cantilever experience over the water. The building overall also relates in three different mediums: water, ground, and the sky. The ramp loops around the aquaponics farming and lead to the bird observatory as the ending point. The two access systems are also crucial for publicprivate access during the night.

The spatial generator here works for: first, to educate people about the Aquaponics and fish farming culture in Hong Kong, and second, to serve as a bird observatory. As mentioned before, the site is a bird migratory path, which is essentially their transitory space during spring and autumn migration. For the birds as well, There’s a lot of endangered species that need to be protected, which relates back to the uncertain future about the redevelopment of the site. So in that case, we want to raise the urgency and importance of the site regarding that matter.

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MODELS

CONTEXT MAP - 1:1000

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MODELS

MASSING - 1:200

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MODELS

SECTIONAL MODELS - 1:50

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MODELS

SECTIONAL MODEL - SHRIMP FARM MODULE

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MODELS

SECTIONAL MODEL - FISH FARM MODULE

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MODELS

SECTIONAL MODEL - BIRD OBSERVATORY

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MODELS

LINEAR SECTION - ACRYLIC PANEL - 1:100

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VIDEO

THE LOOP: 2030

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https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=WwLNMhCy-OA&t=12s

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04: THE (IM)PERMANANCE

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THE (IMPERMANANCE)

THE LOOP: 2050

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THE (IMPERMANANCE)

THE LOOP: 2100

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THE (IMPERMANANCE)

THE LOOP: 2200

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FINAL REVIEW

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PUBLIC REVIEW

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GROUP-MATE: YONGKI SUNARTA SUPERVISED: JERSEY POON CREATED BY: ADRIAN LAI - END -

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THANK YOU FOR YONGKI SUNARTA AND JERSEY POON FOR HELPING DEVELOP THIS PROJECT FROM ADRIAN LAI (2021)

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Nature will always win in the end, as it must if the Loop is to survive.

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