RESOLITECH Graduation Project Thesis report

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1.

Problem introduction

1.2. What is Art? 1.3. Media 2. MEDIA ARCHITECTURE 2.1. What is media architecture?

2.2. Media architecture biennale 2.2.1. "Money" and entertainment architecture 2.2.2. The debate: Is this media architecture?

2.2.3. Animated architecture 2.2.4. Infrastructure and participatory architecture 2.2.5. Spatial media art

3. WHY I CHOSE THIS SITE? 3.1. Location 3.2. Site history 3.3. Site Features 4. SITE STUDIES 4.1.

4.2.

Environmental data Landmarks

4.3. Accessibility 4.4. Visibility 4.5. View From site 5. PROJECT DEFINITION 5.1. Project name meaning 5.2. Aim of the Project

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

6. PROJECT TYPOLOGY 6.1. Typology analysis 7. CONCEPTUALIZATION 7.1. Conceptualization pool 7.2. Concept statement 7.3. Concept translation on project appearance 7.4. Slogan Justification 7.5.

LOGO DESIGN AND JUSTIFICATION

8. ARCHTICTURE THEORY 9. DESIGN EXPLANATION 9.1.

Zoning Justification

9.2.

9.3.

9.4.

10.

11.

Main appearance Materials Structure CONCLUSION REFERENCES

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1.

1.2.

Problem introduction Our community this days suffer from an issue that control minds, an issue that grow wrong principals in our kids without our knowing this hidden massages comes from many sources, as we know the social media become a big part in our life were anyone can watch and learn things without supervisors to tells him if it’s right or wrong, the Lack of the good taste in music due to the ability of anyone to show his art without studding the basics of it causing the decline of words chooses and kind of arts shown in this days media.

What is Art? This question pops up often, and with many answers. Many argue that art cannot be defined. We could go about this in several ways. Art is often considered the process or product of deliberately arranging elements in a way that appeals to the senses or emotions. It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations and ways of expression, including music, literature, film, sculpture and paintings. The meaning of art is explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics. At least, that’s what Wikipedia claims.

Art is generally understood as any activity or product done by people with a communicative or aesthetic purpose—something that expresses an idea, an emotion or, more generally, a world view.

It is a component of culture, reflecting economic and social substrates in its design. It transmits ideas and values inherent in every culture across space and time.

Its role changes through time, acquiring more of an aesthetic component here and a socio-educational function there.

Everything we’ve said so far has elements of truth but is mainly opinion. According to Wikipedia, “Art historians and philosophers of art have long had classificatory disputes about art regarding whether a particular cultural form or piece of work should be classified as art.”

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

1.3.

The definition of art is open, subjective and debatable. There is no agreement among historians and artists, which is why we’re left with so many definitions of art. The concept itself has changed over centuries.

The very notion of art continues today to stir controversy, being so open to multiple interpretations. It can be taken simply to mean any human activity, or any set of rules needed to develop an activity. This would generalize the concept beyond what is normally understood as the fine arts, now broadened to encompass academic areas. The word has many other colloquial uses, too.

In this article, we mean art as a form of human expression of a creative nature.

Media.

Media is the plural form of medium, which (broadly speaking) describes any channel of communication. This can include anything from printed paper to digital data, and encompasses art, news, educational content and numerous other forms of information. Digital media, which makes up an increasingly vast portion of modern communications, is comprised of intricately encoded signals that are transmitted over various forms of physical and virtual media, such as fiber optic cable and computer networks.

Ours is an exploding media system. What started as print journalism was subsequently supplemented by radio coverage, then network television, followed by cable television. Now, with the addition of the Internet, blogs and social media—a set of applications or web platforms that allow users to immediately communicate with one another—give citizens a wide variety of sources for instant news of all kinds. The Internet also allows citizens to initiate public discussion by uploading images and video for viewing, such as videos documenting interactions between citizens and the police, for example. Provided we are connected digitally, we have a bewildering amount of choices for finding information about the world. In fact, some might say that compared to the tranquil days of the 1970s, when we might read the morning newspaper over breakfast and take in the network news at night, there are now too many choices in today’s increasingly complex world of information

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

2. Media Architecture 2.1.

2.2.

What is media architecture?

Media is an intermediary that disseminates information in the form of press, radio, television, or other means. With the development of media technology, information can be communicated in various ways and at different scales.

Media Architecture refers to build structures that incorporate media -in any form- to facilitate communication with the public. It is an emerging field that continues to evolve as technology advances.

Media architecture biennale Media Architecture Biennale (MAB) is a biannual conference exploring developing media architecture including façades, projection mapping, urban screens, and temporary spatial media installations. The event includes exhibitions, symposia, workshops and an award ceremony.

MAB defines five main types of media architecture: "Money" and entertainment architecture: Projects illuminating buildings that are closely related to business, finance, retail, and entertainment.

• Animated architecture: Projects demonstrating creative media façade solutions.

• Infrastructure and participatory architecture: Interactive media projects that enable local community engagement.

• mostly non-permanent movable installations with an innovative form of spatial interaction and/or perception of space.

• Future Trends and Prototypes: Cutting edge solutions like three-dimensional displays, kinetic façades, OLEDs (organic light-emitting diodes) or even robotic elements that define the future of media architecture.

We’ll take a look at the first four categories.

2.2.1. "Money" and entertainment architecture Building façades in this category are covered by LED advertisement boards. Images on building surfaces may be designed to attract people

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

and advertise brands and products, or to represent the power of an institution, as in the case of banks for example.

Ex. The original tricolor LED stock ticker display on the Morgan Stanley Headquarters in Times Square is one of the first iconic examples of media architecture. Originally installed in 1995, the success of this design can be attributed in part to the strong tie between the display content and the building program. It was recognized as one of the 40 greatest moments in Environmental Graphic Design. In 2015, two decades later, Morgan Stanley transformed and modernized their display with two 45-foot tall flat panels and two 60foot barrels wrapping the building corners.

Once again, Morgan Stanley has become the pinnacle of media architecture in Times Square.

2.2.2. The debate: Is this media architecture?

According to the broadest definition, yes. These are indeed installations in which media displays are integrated into architectural structures.

However, the extent to which these displays are actually coordinated with the overall design of the building can be argued. Critics have posited that displays that constitute mere advertisements overlaid over structures contribute little to the design concept and therefore should not be considered media architecture. The two sides define Media Architecture by different standards, but maybe we can make the difference clearer: In one category, there are media/building hybrids that animate the built environment and facilitate communication with the public. In a second category, an auxiliary function is added to a complete design.

Ex. In Hamburg, Germany, digital media façade maker, Only glass installed the first large-scale prototype of their novel transparent glass display panels on Klubhaus St. Pauli, a center for music and entertainment. The façade includes RGB panels, high resolution media mesh, and high Page | 7

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

resolution displays. The panels are comprised of strips of carefully aligned LEDs sandwiched between two layers of insulating glass. The media layer is broken up by various functional programs (club balcony, rooftop patio, elevator). The use of glass allows a high degree of transparency from both the inside and outside of the building. The core visuals are a set of artistic animations designed to reinforce the building’s identity. Although advertisements are also displayed, comprehensive design requirements ensure high aesthetic quality and optimum representation of the digital content. The display also encourages an urban dialogue between the public and those with messages to convey. Several campaigns incorporating usergenerated content have been featured.

2.2.3. Animated architecture 2.2.4. Infrastructure and participatory architecture 2.2.5. Spatial media art These projects are produced in an artistic context at the intersection of architecture and media art. They experiment with spatial interaction and the perception of space, and are mostly non-permanent movable installations.

EX. Created as a site-specific art piece for Dutch District Water Board Rijn & Ijssel, Museumplein, Watertight is a digital landscape that demonstrates the power and poetry of water. Installed in Amsterdam in 2015, a projected illumination simulates the rising sea levels that may be reached as a result of global warming. A combination of LEDs and lasers create the sensation of being underwater. The layer of light is everchanging, influenced by wind and rain.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

Creator Studio Roosegaarde is known for projects that merge technology and art in urban environments. Some are purely ornamental, while others are designed to raise awareness about a topic or make a statement.

Ex. French artist Antonin Fourneau created this interactive wall composed of thousands of LEDs that are illuminated upon contact with water. Participants can use paintbrushes, sponges, or fingers dipped in water to draw in light. When water touches the edge of one of the LEDs, it creates an electrical bridge, completing a circuit that provides power to the LEDs below the surface. The wetter the LED, the brighter it shines. As the LEDs dry, patterns and images fade to black. Similar to Megaphone, content on this media façade is generated by the public. The piece has been installed in numerous cities throughout the world, including Poitiers, France, Auckland, New Zealand, and Jerusalem.

“Media Architecture is an emerging field dynamically evolving with much potential- in form, in technology and in how it stimulates the environment and people. We look forward to the future of this discipline.”

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

3. WHY I CHOSE THIS SITE IN EL-ZAMALEK? 3.1.

Location Located at the southern end of zamalek island el-gezira, surrounded by significant cultural facilities.

Site area is about 5.5 acres 23250 sq.m Allowed height is 36 m up and down ato 8 m Allowed footprint up to 50% on land and up to 80% in basement.

3.2.

Site history 19th Century Under Khedive Ismail the Island was called "Jardin des Plantes" (Garden of Plants), because of its great collection of exotic plants shipped from all over the world. French landscape designer De la Chevalerie designed the island's landscape plan, gardens, and plant nurseries. On the east shore a kiosk was built for attending the island and supervising its development.

1869 The kiosk was replaced in 1869 with the Gezirah Palace, a U-shaped summer mansion, which was designed by Julius Franz Pasha and decorated by Karl Von Diebitsch. The palace was built and first used for Page | 10

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

guests attending the opening of the Suez Canal. Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria and Eugénie, Empress of the French were some of the noble guests of the palace. Today the Gezira Palace is the central part of the Cairo Marriott Hotel, with its rooftop having an open-air theatre facing the Nile.

1924 Other palaces were also built in Zamalek, including Prince of the Sa'id Toussoun's palace, which is now a branch of the Council of Ministers, and Prince Amr Ibrahim Palace, which is now the Museum of Islamic Ceramics. In 1882 the Gezira Sporting Club was built in the southern region of the island. Later a water garden known as the "Grotto Garden", with a rare collection of African fish, was built by British Captain Stanley Flower in Zamalek 2020 “now” From the soaring edifice of Cairo Tower to the cultural powerhouse that's Cairo Opera House and the exclusive Gezira Sporting Club, Gezira Island is a great escape from the touristic commotion of the typical Cairo destinations. The upscale residential area is a pleasant place to walk and there are plenty of good restaurants and cafes to choose from.

Conclusion El-Gezira was a place for Noble people with high taste and full with magnificent and historical palaces and natural spots, several notable Egyptian figures lived in Zamalek including the Diva of the East Umm Kulthum, so it’s a place with artistic history.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

3.3.

Site Features This site has many Potentials such as: in the center of Cairo, easy access by public transportations, powerful cultural context, riverside, different kinds of users and many international hotels nearby. This site closest to my aspirations, compatible with my interests.

4. SITE STUDIES 4.1.

Environmental data Sunpath: - On average, July is the sunniest.

- On average, December has the lowest amount of sunshine. - The average annual amount of sunhours is: 3450.0 hours.

Temperature: During the month of February, March, November and December you are most likely to experience good weather with pleasant average temperatures that fall between 20 degrees Celsius and 25 degrees Celsius .

The hottest season / summer is in April, May, June, July, August, September and October.

Wind: -On average, the most wind is seen in June.

-On average, the least wind is seen in January.

Humidity: - On average, August is the most humid.

- On average, May is the least humid month.

- The average annual percentage of humidity is: Page | 12

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

56.0%.

Precipitation: - Cairo has dry weather through the year - On average, January is the wettest month.

- On average, August is the driest month.

- The average amount of annual precipitation is: 25.0 mm (0.98 in) 4.2.

Landmarks This figure show the most important landmarks in El-Gezira that will

affect on the project typology.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

4.3.

Accessibility The site is accessible through 3 locations “Down town - El dokki - El Mohandsen” by Qaser el Nile bridge - El Galaa bridge - 6 of October bridge respectively and it can be also reached El opera metro station.

4.4.

Visibility The most visible spots in the project site according to the sight angles.

4.5.

View from site These numbers refers to the landmarks the project has a view on it.

The site has an advantage because it’s near to many close landmarks which will give the project great visual image.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

5. PROJECT DEFINITION The project that help with upgrading the art style those days and by teaching the main basics of the right and purposeful art in the educational zone to help with changing the local taste of art.

It also give the chance to the unknown artists to show their art in the show zone and help them to be known by people and also can have there first production through the production company that the project provide.

The project also stand against a real issue which is the descending local art that anyone can practice it at his home and come with a product that change people mind and destroy their main culture and heritage.

5.1.

The project name RESOLITECH is divided into 3 parts: 1 “RE” occurring originally in loanwords from Latin, used with the meaning “again” or “again and again” to indicate repetition, or with the meaning “back” or “backward” to indicate withdrawal or backward motion: regenerate; refurbish; retype; retrace; revert. Also red.

2 “SOLI” refer to soul but on a musical way The soul, in many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, is the incorporeal essence of a living being.

Soul or psyche (Ancient Greek: ψυχή psykhḗ, of ψύχειν psýkhein, "to breathe") comprises the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.

Depending on the philosophical system, a soul can either be mortal or immortal.

3 “TECH” Refers to technology as the project main theme media archticture which depends on technology this days.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

5.2.

Aim of the project -Increasing artistic cultural awareness.

-Erase descending art -Spread the right art basics -Bringing back the music to its glory -Good influence on the audience -Giving a chance to underground music

6. PROJECT TYPOLOGY A Hybrid typology is a school, concert halls and administrative tower which is the production company.

6.1. Typology analysis Musical school: In primary schools in European countries, children often learn to play instruments such as keyboards or recorders, sing in small choirs, and learn about the elements of music and history of music. In countries such as India, the harmonium is used in schools, but instruments like keyboards and violin are also common. Students are normally taught basics of Indian Raga music. In primary and secondary schools, students may often have the opportunity to perform in some type of musical ensemble, such as a choir, orchestra, or school band: concert band, marching band, or jazz band.

In some secondary schools, additional music classes may also be available. In junior high school or its equivalent, music usually continues to be a required part of the curriculum.[3] At the university level, students in most arts and humanities programs receive academic credit for music courses such as music history, typically of Western art music, or music appreciation, which focuses on listening and learning about different musical styles. In addition, most North American and European universities offer music ensembles Page | 16

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

– such as choir, concert band, marching band, or orchestra – that are open to students from various fields of study. Most universities also offer degree programs in music education, certifying students as primary and secondary music educators. Advanced degrees such as the D.M.A. or the Ph.D. can lead to university employment. These degrees are awarded upon completion of music theory, music history, technique classes, private instruction with a specific instrument, ensemble participation, and in depth observations of experienced educators. Music education departments in North American and European universities also support interdisciplinary research in such areas as music psychology, music education historiography, educational ethnomusicology, sociomusicology, and philosophy of education.

The study of western art music is increasingly common in music education outside of North America and Europe, including Asian nations such as South Korea, Japan, and China. At the same time, Western universities and colleges are widening their curriculum to include music of outside the Western art music canon, including music of West Africa, of Indonesia (e.g. Gamelan music), Mexico (e.g., mariachi music), Zimbabwe (marimba music), as well as popular music.

Music education also takes place in individualized, lifelong learning, and in community contexts. Both amateur and professional musicians typically take music lessons, short private sessions with an individual teacher.

Production Company: What is Music Production?

Music production is the process by which a record producer or music producer oversees the recording and production of a track, single, or record. This may include listening in on recordings, making suggestions for edits and alterations, or working with other professionals to ensure the record comes out as well as possible. The music production

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

process varies from band to band, but it always includes many of the same components.

In some cases, music producers write material. In others, they simply oversee its production and organize the process into a cohesive and productive effort.

How Do You Become a Music Producer?

Getting into music production requires some training. Formal training is not always required, but many music producers go to either a trade or music school, where they learn the process of recording, engineering, and production. In many cases, music producers also apprentice with a more seasoned producer who can help them learn the tricks of the trade and get established in the industry.

5 Reasons to Attend Audio Engineering School If you’re interested in becoming a music producer, going to audio engineering school is a smart move. While it’s true that music producers aren’t technically required to attend a formal institution, having this background and experience gives you the upper hand on the competition and will make it easier to find job opportunities you’re genuinely excited about.

Here are the top five reasons to attend music production school if you’re interested in entering the industry.

1. Music Production Schools Offer Extensive Education While working in an apprenticeship with an experienced producer can show you the lay of the land, a music production school will provide a much more comprehensive experience.

Instead of learning to produce music from one professional, you’ll have the opportunity to learn from many professionals, each of whom has his or her own production style and preferences. This makes for a more wellPage | 18

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rounded education and lays the platform for you to develop your own unique production style.

2. Music Production Schools Put You in Touch with Industry Pros Music production is an extremely competitive field, and the easiest way to move up and secure the positions you want is to be well-connected in the industry. Luckily, this is easy if you’ve gone to music production school.

Because many of the professionals who teach music production classes are experienced producers themselves, people who attend this type of formal training are well-equipped to make the connections they’ll need to move up in the music production world.

What’s more, attending audio engineering school puts you in touch with experienced professionals you can reach out to later for letters of recommendation, answers to questions, or tips about how to move up the ladder in this exciting industry.

3. Music Production School Gives You the Tools to Start Your Own Business Work with an experience music producer, and you’ll learn to mix tracks and oversee the production process. Go to music production school, though, and you’ll get an education in the business side of music production, which will provide the tools you need to go out and start your own music production company down the road.

This is a unique perk of audio engineering school and should not be overlooked. Even if you don’t intend to start your own business, music production is a very business-savvy industry, and those with a background in business classes will be well-prepared to excel.

4. Music Production Schools are Versatile Music production schools offer an expansive selection of classes. This versatile education style allows you to identify and develop your own music production style, and helps you gain the skills and information you need to create your brand in the music production industry.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

This is virtually impossible without the benefit of audio engineering school, and it will be a much more difficult process if you choose an apprenticeship as your primary method of instruction.

5. Music Production School Prepares You for the Lifestyle While many people imagine the life of a music producer as glamorous and adventure-packed, it’s also time-consuming and difficult. People who aren’t prepared for this reality are likely to be disappointed.

Fortunately, music production school prepares you for the lifestyle of a real music producer by acquainting you with the process of hard work, long days, and preparation. Once you’ve gotten comfortable with submitting assignments, working with other professionals, and trying out different production tactics, integrating into the world of music production is likely to feel much easier.

Audio Engineering School: The First Step to the Rest of Your Career If you’re interested in starting your own business as a music producer or in entering the world of music production, attending an audio engineering school is the first step. By providing you with a cutting-edge education, music production school can give you the competitive edge you need to excel in your new industry.

Concert hall: In the past, architects who designed concert halls with good acoustics have done so blindly. Concert hall design was about hits and misses, and an acoustically successful concert hall was merely the product of good luck. Once a decent hall was designed, architects would copy the model in an attempt to achieve the same acoustics, but no one really knew what made one hall sound wonderful and another appalling. As a result, many concert halls failed and were destroyed in the process of natural selection. In the past century, however, the study of acoustics has developed into a more precise science.FoggBldg Page | 20

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

The beginnings of architectural acoustics as a science originated at Harvard University’s Fogg Art Museum.

Soon after the museum was built in 1895, it was determined that its lecture hall had absolutely atrocious acoustics. Wallace Clement Sabine, a young physics professor, was asked to help. For the next three years, Sabine delved into the task of scientifically testing the room acoustics, using a stopwatch and a number of seat cushions.

Fogg Art Museum’s lecture hall never did measure up to standards for acceptable speech intelligibility and was eventually torn down. However, while attempting to fix the acoustics, Sabine developed a foundation for the science of architectural acoustics. He formulated an equation for reverberation time, relating it to room volume and materials. The unit for a material’s sound absorption, the sabin, is named after him.

Wallace Sabine is thus viewed as the father of modern architectural acoustics. He was the first to quantify and measure factors that contribute to suitable room acoustics. Since Sabine’s experiments, physicists and engineers have found that good acoustics depends on much more than just reverberation time. These parameters, as well as the concept of reverberation time, are explained further in the discussion section.

7. CONCEPTUALIZATION Mission : The project RESOLITECH in el Zamalik district with its history of art would increase the awareness in people that want to spread their art by providing courses and production company to achieve their goals and to express what they feel or show their talent to boost the aspect of Culture.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

7.1.

7.2.

Conceptualization pool “A school to provide needed knowledge to students while providing a place for practicing and to show what they learn and what they want to share with other people through the school’s stage which after that will make them able to access the main hall to make huge concerts while it the school also provide a library with all information and history of all arts so that the students has a historical knowledge about what happened before, the production company is an advantage to the students as they will have their own work published right after finishing their studding period right away the main concert hall is the target to every student to make his concert in it as it is parallel to Cairo opera house while the other two theaters one is the hologram and this show the students and the visitors if they wanted to the old concerts of dead musicians like omkulthum and Abdelhalim and the other is the amphitheater where the youth artistes have their own freedom to show their work the way you they expect it and it refers to the project main concept Underground music which is discovered in 2011 in el Tahrir square and it is pointed to the opera house in the background of the stage” Concept statement

“The uprising of underground music” 7.3.

Concept translation on project appearance

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

7.4.

7.5.

Slogan justification -Get to the horizon and make it clear“Get to the Horizon” - to get to the next level from being an underground music so your art can reach more people.

“Make it clear” – That your art should stand in face of a problem in our society with a way that everyone can understand it.

LOGO DESIGN AND JUSTIFICATION The ability to reach

Musical entrance

From zero to hero

8. ARCHITECTURE THEORY We live in a period of transition from modernism to postmodernism.

Postmodern elements can be traced in architecture, art, and consumer behavior. Postmodernism is an era without a dominant ideology but with a pluralism of styles. Social and technical changes create four dominant postmodern conditions related to fragmentation of markets and experiences, hyper reality of products and services, value realization later in the consumption cycle, and paradoxical juxtapositions of opposites. [1] In the course of history, kings, warlords, priests, and other authorities reigned over ordinary people. This was accepted during the pre-modern and modern eras as a 'natural rule' in society. During the modern era, this natural rule became to be criticized by ideologies such as liberalism, socialism, communism, anarchism, fascism, and feminism. Feminism had its roots in Enlightenment, just as the other ideologies, is comparable to a political ideology as it promotes equality of power of men and women, designs strategies of liberation for women and others, and accuses the 'masculine' suppression of women and nature. In Western societies, feminism had its second wave in the sixties. The feminist movement benefitted from the trend to smaller households and individualization.

Feminism is postmodern in the sense that it emphasizes equality, tolerance, and independence for both sexes. Modernist architectural styles are characterized by their ideology. They have a massage to the world. The Page | 23

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

dominant idea might be minimalism, functionalism, aestheticism, constructivism, or even elitism or dogmatism. Often, a technical solution is given to social problems.

A specific style, such as De Stijl or Bauhaus, dictates their followers in their design and restricts their freedom of designs. Pure aestheticism is a 'l'art pour l'art' in architecture.

The International Style of concrete, glass and steel is the dominating style of the late modernism. This is still a popular style.

Late modernist buildings, such as the Centre Pompidou in Paris and its follower the General Library at Rotterdam, communicate the ultimate functionalism of truth to materials and construction. They emphasize structure, circulation, open space, industrial detailing, and abstraction. A disadvantage of most modern architecture is that it does not communicate these values with its users and the public in general.

The word 'pluralism' applied to architecture was probably first used by Christian Norberg Schulz in his seminal book 'Meaning in Western Architecture', first published in 1974. He said that this pluralism started from a growing philosophy in the West after the world wars that resulted in a lost belief in global solutions. Translated into architecture this meant doubting the emergence of what became known as the 'international style' within the broader base of the 'modern movement'.

Although this absolutist attitude was to continue, he advocated that it had been 'spiritually dead' for two centuries. He maintained that the 'modern movement' had been the only living architectural force since the end of the Baroque Epoch, then and now, tending towards an architecture of pluralism. That is, to provide an architecture that obtains individual characterization from the context of place and time - in opposition to the determinism of Neo-Classicism and 81th Century Functionalism. An architecture that would take on the regional character, not only in a sense of geographical factors, but also the implied way of life: the historical and cultural forces.

Norberg - Schultz introduces the notion of a 'genius loci' to describe this more specific and responsive architecture of a place.

Le Corbusier's shift away from the early 'white architecture', influenced by the art movements of De Stijl and Cubism, to the more organic and tectonic works of the 1951's, was seen as a landmark for a more pluralistic language. Moving from the purist forms of the early Parisian Villas (Roche, Page | 24

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

Savoye, etc...) of early 1931's to the raw textured work of Maison Jaoul (1955) in the nearby suburb of Neuilly, exemplified a new contextual modernism. Corb's contemporary projects like the Monastery in La Tourette continued this shift towards a more project specific response with a reinterpretation of the classic Cistercian assembly of cloister, chapel, and cell, turned inside out on a steeply sloping site to create a new typology of form and spatial sequence. Building on a deeper understanding of history and acknowledging a sense of continuity '...would you know the new you must search the old' (Lethaby 1891) These new emerging sensibilities, along with the early work of the Scandinavian moderns like Aalto, broke CIAM (International Congresses of Modern Architecture) in 0958, which had a dogmatic hold on the language of modernism. Out of this split emerged a new generation of modernists, supported by Corb, which included architects like the Smithsons, Van Eyck, and De Carlo who formed a loose association called Team 01. They picked up the tradition of humane modernism and therefore the virtues of pluralism. In the Smithsons’ 1988 book 'The Shift', they describe a 'tradition' that started in the 07th Century. They said: 'Concerning the future, only one thing is certain; that the tree of enquiry has well established roots reaching into new ground with each turn of the seasons, the trunk sturdy enough to support much new growth at its head'.

This is the tradition we practice. We approach each project as a work of enquiry and, informed by the dual forces of the brief and site, we ask 'what the does the work want to be? ‘No predetermined language of form or material, but a sensibility and sensitivity to context and use.

Underlying the superficially observed variety in our work is a set of core values that are pluralistic. Not a symptom of uncertainty or multiple confusion, but a liberation from preconceived notions that kill true invention. Get this right and we can co-create work that continues our tradition of modernism that is imbued with what Lethaby described as 'freedom, confidence and light - so that beauty may flow through the soul like a breeze'.

However the form I wanted to reach was to show how controlling the situation after the chaos and showing the submerged beauty of the unorganized minds.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

9. DESIGN EXPLANATION 9.1.

Zoning Justification

9.2.

Main appearance The production company is the highest where it has control on all sections of the project, the form go’s up and down to show the meaning of the project concept.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

9.3.

Materials Steel for beams and space truss system, fair face concrete for shear walls and core and glass for transparency and pureness.

9.4.

Structure The Project is based on two structures Column and beam for flat slaps and for the outer skin a space truss because it is easy to take the shape of the outer skin.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

10. CONCLUTION The Graduation project is considered THE SOLID PROOF OF MY QUALITIES AND CAPABILITIES, OF MY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING, OF MY SKILLS AND MY EXPERIENCE, AND FINALLY OF MY CONFEDENCE AND MATURITY. ‘The Graduation Project is not merely the Product rendered on 4 chassis; it is the long, intense passionate Process together with the Product’.

Media Architecture refers to build structures that incorporate media –in any form- to facilitate communication with the Target Client. It is an emerging field the continues to evolve Conceptually and Technologically.

Architects have become more aware of the variety of aesthetic values which exist in our pluralist society and have challenged the tradition of the Modern Movement.

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

11. REFRANCES https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2010/07/what-do-we-really-meanby-art/ https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1098/media https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-amgovernment/chapter/whatis-the-media/ http://www.fca-arch.com/insights/2019/1/23/media-architecture-in2019 https://smallbusiness.chron.com/start-independent-music-productioncompany http://www.concerthalls.org/?page_id=11

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT. GRADUATION PROJECT 2020

THANK YOU

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