Simplify the process of accurately referring to sources and including appropriate references in your

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The Coventry University Harvard Reference Style is a customisation of an author-date or Harvard referencing system. Our version, created by the Centre for Academic Writing, provides a stable instrument with which to refer to sources in academic writing. By providing a common version, Coventry University’s academic community will have a shared system that will allow readers to exchange new ideas and access the sources that form the basis for these ideas in a simple and consistent manner.

Explicit indication of the sources of information and ideas is one of the characteristics of academic writing in Britain and in many other countries, but not all. Explicit referencing of sources distinguishes academic writing from other types of writing, including newspapers, novels, and much workplace writing. Academic writers show where they got the information or ideas for their texts through referencing systems, such as Coventry University’s Harvard Reference Style (CU Harvard). They do this for a number of reasons: • To respect intellectual property; • To strengthen arguments by indicating the source of ideas; • To demonstrate knowledge of the field in which you are writing; • To establish your own voice in your academic writing; •

To meet marking criteria; • To avoid accusations of plagiarism.

By using the CU Harvard Reference Style, you will join an academic conversation maintained through our written texts.

The CU Harvard Reference Style Guide is organised into two parts. Part One deals with intext citations, the indication in your text that you are referring to a source. Part Two deals with the List of References, which is where you provide all the information a reader needs to find the source. Any written assignment that refers to sources must contain both in-text references as they occur in the body of the text and an alphabetic list of the sources you have used at the end. Each part of the guide has a group of ‘Frequently Asked Questions’, followed by source types: printed or electronic, written, spoken/audio, and visual. The Guide is accompanied by a Glossary that defines the most useful terms used in referencing.

A brief word about referencing software tools: Software tools can simplify the process of accurately referring to sources and including appropriate references in your List of References. Coventry University supports RefWorks, a referencing software programme that allows a writer to enter the information needed for a full reference only once, and then simply and easily add citations to that source. The programme will format and alphabetise the list of references in CU Harvard Reference Style.

Microsoft Word 2007 includes a referencing facility that will format references in APA style, another author-date style. References formatted this way will need a limited amount of manual change to conform to CU Harvard Reference Style. At an even simpler level, the “sort” function in Microsoft Word can be used to alphabetise the List of References after it has been manually entered. 3 Introduction Whenever you borrow information, ideas, images, or numerical data from other sources you must document the source in two ways: • Provide an in-text citation of the source in the main body of your writing: give the author’s surname or the corporate author, the year of publication, and page number if you quote or paraphrase, or if you summarise information on a specific page of the source. • Enter the source in the List of References at the end of your document: give all the publication or internet details in the correct format (see the Contents Page of this

Guide for details). It is important that there is a link between these two elements, as illustrated in Figure 1, which shows that the author and date given in your in-text citation must correspond to the author and date given at the start of your List of References entry. I Can’t Find an Example of My Source!

The purpose of this Guide is to help you become a confident and independent writer and researcher, so do not be afraid to use your own judgement if you encounter an unusual source. In this Guide a balance has been struck between listing every possible type of source and keeping the guidelines concise and reader friendly. Therefore, on rare occasions you may need to cite and reference an unusual type of source that is not included in this Guide (a jam jar label for instance). Do not panic if you cannot find precise guidelines in such a case, but consider these tips: In-text citations are easy because you just give the author or corporate author and the date (plus page numbers if relevant). See the Introduction to Part One of this Guide for a list of all the pieces of information you should include in an in-text citation in which order, and adapt these principles if necessary.

• The List of References entry is also simple when you know how! See the Introduction to Part Two of this Guide for a list of all the pieces...

Writing a Literature Review General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review Introduce the literature review by pointing out the major research topic that will be discussed Identify the broad problem area but don’t be too global Discuss the general importance of your topic for those in your field General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review Don’t attempt to cover everything written on your topic You will need to pick out the research most relevant to the topic you are studying You will use the studies in your literature review as “evidence” that your research question is an important one General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review It is important to cover research relevant to all the variables being studied.

Research that explains the relationship between these variables is a top priority.

You will need to plan how you will structure your literature review and write from this plan. Organizing Your Literature Review Topical Order—organize by main topics or issues; emphasize the relationship of the issues to the main “problem” Chronological Order—organize the literature by the dates the research was published Problem-Cause-Solution Order— Organize the review so that it moves from the problem to the solution Organizing Your Literature Review General-to-Specific Order—(Also called the funnel approach) Examine broad-based research first and then focus on specific studies that relate to the topic Specific-to-General Order—Try to make discuss specific research studies so conclusions can be drawn Literature Review After reviewing the literature, summarize what has been done, what has not been done, and what needs to be done Remember you are arguing your point of why your study is important!

Then pose a formal research question or state a hypothesis—be sure this is clearly linked to your literature review Literature Review All sources cited in the literature review should be listed in the references To sum, a literature review should include introduction, summary and critique of journal articles, justifications for your research project and the hypothesis for your research project Common Errors Made in Lit Reviews Review isn’t logically organized Review doesn’t relate literature MASTER PROJECT BRIEF FORM Please type and fill in the following form as completely as possible. Once completed and reviewed by

supervisors then submit an electronic copy to MEC. Thank you. 1. Details 2. Project title (Provisional) [Meaningful, relevant and concise] SMARTSA Smart Mobile Attendance Management System 3. Project outline Outline (synopsis) of your project.[ What are the aims and objectives of the project?]

Employee attendance in any organization and especially in educational institutions has a direct impact on the quality of work and services provided. Also, it affects the achievement of organizational strategic goals.

Smart Mobile Attendance Management System (SMARTSA) aims to improve the attendance method for staff at Rustaq Nursing Institute with their smartphone. The app will use QR codes to recognizes staffs within a blink.

Rustaq Nursing Institute is one of the Ministry of Health educational institutions in Oman. It was using a manual attendance system (paper based) to record the staff attendance.

There were many disadvantages and problems faced with the manual system. The manual system was inefficient, inconvenient and un accurate system. Also, staffs were queuing to register and some employees forgot to register their attendance or tried to register the attendance for their colleagues. Also, one of the main challenges of the manual system was generating reports because it needs a lot of calculation and loss of any data leads to inaccurate reports.

This project main aim is to develop a reliable, accurate and efficient (SMARTSA) smart mobile attendance management system for both Android and iOS. Project Objectives: To develop an attendance application for smart mobiles using QR codes.

To make use of staff mobile devices to record the attendance.

To make use of inexpensive and easily found hardware for the system.

To make use of free and open source software and programming languages to reduce the development and maintenance cost.

To provide the end users with the required reports.

To have an application which support both Android and iOS. To have an application which manage the staff leave and permission request. 4. Intended user/group of users and their requirements [ a) Who is the intended user or group of users? b) Why you think there is need for this project? c) What are the needs of the intended user that your product should satisfy?