Pop-up environments [PUE] and the city space_Design Dissertation_2021-22

POP-UP ENVIRONMENTS AND THE CITY SPACE By HARSH DINESH REKHA SHAH GUIDED BY PROF. AR. SNEHAL GAIKWAD

A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for SEM-IX The Degree

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE MUMBAI UNIVERSITY MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA.

5TH YEAR SEM-IX NOV’2021

Conducted at: RACHANA SANSAD’S ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE, AIDED COURSE RACHANA SANSAD, 278, SHANKAR GHANEKAR MARG, PRABHADEVI, MUMBAI 400025.

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DECLARATION I hereby declare that this written submission entitled “Pop-up environments and the city space” represents my ideas in my own words and has not been taken from the work of others (as from books, articles, essays, dissertations, other media and online); and where others’ ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. Direct quotations from books, journal articles, internet sources, other texts, or any other source whatsoever are acknowledged and the source cited are identified in the dissertation references.

No material other than that cited and listed has been used.

I have read and know the meaning of plagiarism* and I understand that plagiarism, collusion, and copying are grave and serious offences in the university and accept the consequences should I engage in plagiarism, collusion or copying.

I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact source in my submission.

This work, or any part of it, has not been previously submitted by me or any other person for assessment on this or any other course of study.

Signature of the Student: Name of the Student: Harsh Dinesh Rekha Shah Exam Roll No: Date: 22/11/2021

Place: Mumbai

*The following defines plagiarism: “Plagiarism” occurs when a student misrepresents, as his/her own work, the work, written or otherwise, of any other person (including another student) or of any institution. Examples of forms of plagiarism include: • the verbatim (word for word) copying of another’s work without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement; • the close paraphrasing of another’s work by simply changing a few words or altering the order of presentation, without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement; • unacknowledged quotation of phrases from another’s work; • the deliberate and detailed presentation of another’s concept as one’s own.

• “Another’s work” covers all material, including, for example, written work, diagrams, designs, charts, photographs, musical compositions and pictures, from all sources, including, for example, journals, books, dissertations and essays and online resources.

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APPROVAL

CERTIFICATE

The following Under-Grad Design Dissertation Study is hereby approved as satisfactory work on the approved subject carried out and presented in a manner sufficiently satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a pre-requisite and partial fulfillment of requirement to the 5th Year Sem IX of Bachelor Of Architecture Degree for which it has been submitted.

This is to certify that this student Harsh Dinesh Rekha Shah is a bonafide Final Year student of our institute and has completed this Design Dissertation under the guidance of the Guide as undersigned, adhering to the norms of the Mumbai University & our Institute Thesis Committee.

It is understood that by this approval and certification the Institute and the Thesis Guide do not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusions drawn therein; but approves the study only for the purpose for which it has been submitted and satisfied the requirements laid down by our Thesis Committee.

Name of the Student: Harsh Dinesh Rekha Shah

Date: Monday, 22th Nov’ 2021.

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Approved By

Principal Ar. Prof. Suresh Singh

College Seal

Certified By

Thesis Guide Ar. Prof. Snehal Gaikwad

Certified Seal

Examined By

External Examiner-1

External Examiner-2

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Pop-up environments and the city space Undergraduate Thesis Bachelor of Architecture Harsh Dinesh Shah University Of Mumbai | Academy Of Architecture Mumbai Prof. Ar. Snehal Gaikwad Photo

by Hemakshi shah ©And The City Space 08 | Pop-Up Environments

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Abstract : Temporal or ephemeral events in the public realm of the past were a purview of power, politics, religion and also science, in recent history, but upon examining the ephemeral or temporal exhibits of the urban cities of today, it is found that it is rather is a precursor of dialectical tension between classes of dwellings and puts out the questions to the citizenship of marginalized users of the same city space. Moreover, the agencies of planning and spatial practitioners of the city space are themselves in a dilemma over the solution to provide a healthy socially sustainable city space via an option to expand the public space or improvise essential infrastructure. Accentuated problems of the urbanized city are widely known and the stages of realization have moved past denial & tolerance, to anticipation. It has now become an opportunity for spatial practitioners to operationalise and mobilize imaginations of an expanded city space through temporal mechanisms and frameworks of pop-up environments, to facilitate both a healthy public space and short-term infrastructure. It also is a process in a layered manner, where the mechanisms operate as a ‘participatory self-built scheme’ with various commitments by designers, users and bureaucracy, all acting as facilitators of some sort. The idea of temporary urban space which is guided by the recent studies in the domain of pop-up environments (PUEs) and the framework examined for certain selective projects such as the ‘add on. 20 höhenmeter, 2005, Vienna, Austria’, propelled for an inquiry, in the urban context of Mumbai, where the informal interventions in the city space, set cues for anticipated and changing nature of social place in the city space. The research emphasizes on the use of temporal mechanisms to be a part in the change of power play for democratizing the use of city space in Mumbai, where the anticipated outlook is a representation of conflict in an unbuilt manner. The architecture is envisioned to be within a framework of criterias of realisation & background purpose of creating formal spaces and social place. The location of intervention is chosen to be the locality near the city center of Mumbai, where extensive studies on patterns of informal interventions and social engagement have been conducted.

Keywords: Pop-up Environment, city space, public infrastructure, informal interventions.

Pop-up environments and the city space.

Undergraduate Thesis Bachelor of Architecture Harsh Dinesh Shah University Of Mumbai | Academy Of Architecture Mumbai Prof. Ar. Snehal Gaikwad

Photo by jeremywins / peepingjohn © Space Upper East Side Manhattan.

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Table of contents Chapter 1.0 Introduction.

City space and experiments in temporal mechanism and spatial typological discharges.

1.1 City space and Mumbai.

1.1.1 City spaces and their fundamental role in shaping city life. [types of activities viz a viz necessary to optional] [lens of looking the environment as a meeting space]

1.2 Cityspace in such times of continuous urban evolution, and recognize an excuse to be out of our private life. [Need & present scenario] 1.2.1 Structure of Pop-up public life in Mumbai. [ happy streets ] [ example of unplanned public spaces ]

1.3 Public space hosting public life expressions. [Root cause] 1.3.1 Urban dilemma of creation and intervention without people displacement.

[Root cause] 1.3.2 Public space as an object, subject and setting of conflict in contemporary Mumbai. [ actual reason why the centre or the state shapes laws, policies against empowering strategic public spaces ]

1.4 PUE’s adaptation in the city spaces of today.

1.4.1 Significance of PUE/Abstract 1.4.2 Background / Suitability of PUE 1.4.3 Urban Planning in Continuous Transformation.

1.4.4 Pop-Up Environments and Framework Conditions 1.4.5 Pop-Up Environments—Criteria and Requirements 1.5 Research Statement 1.5.1. Aims and objectives 1.5.2 Scope and limitations

1.1.2 City space mechanism and public life in Mumbai. [ Planned and unplanned public space ] [Bad health of social sustainability and lack of quality in public space realm ] 1.1.3 City space and ephemeral exhibits that attempt to create spaces of engagement.

[Bogota/Austria]

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Chapter 2.0 Literature Review.

2.1 History of ephemeral architecture in city space and their lasting significance in memory.

2.2 Socio-Spatial Assemblage 2.3 City Timeline 2.4 Pattern of growth for informal intervention.

2.5 Civic structure influence informality and become backbone of their generative pattern.

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Chapter 3.1 Frame-work of PUE in Mumbai.

3.1.1 List of Background Purpose.

3.1.2 Criteria of Realization 3.1.3 User Groups

Chapter 3.2 Site Study

Chapter 3.2 Case Study

3.2.1 Site Selection Criteria

3.3.1 St. Carolus Hospital Screening Facility / AT-LARS

3.2.2 Land use Map 3.2.3 Informal intervention Mapping 3.2.4 Selected Location and Media coverage

3.3.2 SelgasCano’s Louisiana Hamlet Pavilion 3.3.3 Pitch/Pitch, Amanda Levete

3.2.5 Nariman Point in Literature

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1.0

Chapter : Introduction .

1.1 City space and Mumbai.

1.2 To recognize city space in such times of continuous urban evolution, and recognize an excuse to be out of our private life.

1.3 Public space hosting public life expressions.

1.4 PUE’s adaptation in the city spaces of today.

Meets Minda & tracy

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John walks

Minda & tracy

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Urban city Environment as meeting space, viz-aviz the city space.

City space is fundamentally a meeting place and a social forum for city dwellers. Public domain becomes a part and parcel of the society. It is the stroll within that realm that can help you consolidate thoughts and be a personal relief.

It is certainly a right of every citizen of the society. It is for taken granted that cites are built for people. The imagination of life between buildings, includes all of the very different activities people engage in when they use common city space: purposeful walks from place to place, promenades, short stops, longer stays, window shopping, conversations and meetings, exercise, dancing, recreation, street trade, children’s play, begging and street entertainment. (Gehl J. , 2010)

Walking for errands, shopping, sitting for resting and standing for waiting a bus, introduce certainly as life on foot evolve into extensive growth of social and recreational activities by mutating as optional activities where one directly comes into contact with people and the surrounding community, fresh air, time outdoors, the free pleasures of life, experiences and information.

A common characteristic of life in city space is the versatility and complexity of the activities, with much overlapping and frequent shifts between purposeful walking, stopping, resting, staying and conversing. Unpredictability and unplanned, spontaneous actions are very much part of what makes moving and staying in city space such a special attraction. We are on our way, watching people and events, inspired to stop to look more closely or even to stay or join in. (Gehl J. , 2010)

Cities spaces are a host of paraphernalia that help stimulate social cohesion and form relief open spaces for civic society. The way in which city planning and responsible agencies neglect perceptions, dilute public spaces and create a disorder to unsettle relief open spaces in the city, the human dimension is not on their agenda. Cities are the places where people meet to exchange ideas, trade, or simply relax and enjoy themselves. A city‘s public domain — its streets, squares, and parks — is the stage and the catalyst for these activities. And in this period of urban complexity and evolution we challenge our selves to change cities for recognizing this natural social phenomenon in the domain of public spaces.

‘’One of the finest public spaces in the world, it’s been there for 700 years, and it has worked brilliantly in all those years and still does, if you take the quality criteria’s and go to sienna and see there, one by one by one you can come up with a resounding, yeah!, indeed!, certainly!, and in the end you can also ask, is this made with concern, for art, for architecture, for detail, for materials, for texture, for enjoyment, for the trees, for water and nice things for the senses, and when all these things are actually made, you have this feeling that you belong there, you hardly get your self to go on, because you have arrived, this is it!’’

-Jan Gehl.

Campo

1.1.1 City spaces and their fundamental role in shaping city life.

Time to Reclaim the streets. Gehl Blog.

Gehl Architects discuss some ideas for the future of the City Monocle magazine.

Figure 03 :to Time to Reclaim streets.Gehl Gehl Blog.

Time Reclaim thethe streets.

Blog.

GehlGehl Architects discussdiscuss some ideas for the future the future City Monocle magazine.

Architects some ideas forofthe of the City Monocle magazine.

. Gehl Blog.

Figure : Life – Space –Buildings.. Gehl Gehl Blog.

Life 04 – Space –Buildings Blog.

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Piazza del

Figure 05 : Siena, a city in central Italy’s Tuscany region, is distinguished by its medieval brick buildings.

Credits- Louisiana channel, YouTube.com

Figure 06 : Siena, a city in central Italy’s Tuscany region, is distinguished by its medieval brick buildings. Credits- Louisiana channel, YouTube.com

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Construct of social phenomenon in the domain of public spaces.

Construct of social phenomenon in the domain of public spaces.

Necessary activities which happen under all conditions-

See and hear activities become largest form of social contact, and city spaces provide that life, that gives people opportunity to meet. This passive, see and hear contact provide background or springboard for other activities. By watching, listening and experiencing others, we gather information about the society around us. And thus becomes a beginning for social cohesion.

(Gehl J. , 2010)

A clear core pattern emerges from the great diversity of activities in city space. One simple way to look at them is to put the most important categories on a scale according to their degree of necessity. At one end of the scale are the purposeful necessary activities, that is, activities that people generally have to undertake: going to work or school, waiting for the bus, bringing goods to customers. These activities take place under all conditions. (Gehl J. , 2010) Optional activities which occur under good conditionsThat both the character and the extent of city life are influenced dramatically by the quality of city space is in itself an important connection. The connection becomes even more interesting if we look at the relationships between necessary, optional and the important group of social activities. If city life is reinforced, it creates the preconditions for strengthening all forms of social activity in city space. (Gehl J. , 2010)

Figure 07 : Behaviour of city dwellers in the city space. source: Cities for People, Book by Jan Gehl.

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There are more active contacts. People exchange greetings and talk to acquaintances they meet.

There are chance meetings and small talk at market booths, on benches and wherever people wait. People ask for directions and exchange brief remarks about the weather or when the event begins. Among the more extensive contacts are children’s play or the young people who “hang out” and use city space as a meeting place.

Finally, there is a large group of more or less planned common activities: markets, street parties, meetings, parades and demonstrations.

Figure 09 : construct of see and hear activities in the city space reflected in morphed temporal architecture in the urban setting.

Figure 08 : entire spectrum of human activites in the public space, inconjunction to spaces between buildings. source: Cities for People, Book by Jan Gehl.

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1.1.2 City space mechanism and public life in Mumbai.

Planned public space and unplanned public spaces, one city, two city lives.

Figure 10 : Planned public spaces in the Island City Mumbai. The city

center, fort and the localities near it, Nariman Point, being the very first islands developed and reclaimed in the british era.

Source : https://hcp.co.in/urbanism/mumbai-port-complex-master-plan/

Why do we always focus on parks and plazas?

(Shroff, 2015)

Mumbai’s planned public spaces predominantly consists of Plazas like Gateway Of India, Maidans like Cross Maidan, Oval Maidan, Water Fronts like Marine Drive and Worli Sea Face and gardens like the Hanging Gardens, Bandstand Parks etc Also, we understand that planned public space has a recognition and are quantified by the municipal council in the development plans, though quality of public space cannot be measured in quantity of the area it covers. An architect or planner can argue that the public space is sufficient, because the space is easy to quantify, hence justify.

The city space environment in the city of Mumbai is blatantly justified by the available planned public spaces, and the focus is always in the strategies of expanding them and making them qualify through appropriations of certain non-contextual dimensions. If one were to observe some of the marked public spaces on the development plan on ground, one would find basic access and usability of the space physically challenging.

Planned public spaces do not allow a fertile environment for a range of relief activities, like eating, talking in a certain manner, music, freedom of expression on a political interest, and many other things. Sometimes a control over the freedom and fashion of behavior is shadowed in public spaces by the maintaining body of the particular public space, where the fundamental question of legitimacy of the authority and right of the citizen to consume a city space is in question.

Figure 13 : Situation at every

public park, more or less following all the listed restrictions.

Source : Author.

Mumbai also has one of the lowest per capita open space ratios in the world, with a mere 1.77m 2 of open space per person.

Figure 11 :Per capita open space.

We cannot build more or expand more public space because the issued development plans missed the bus in the past decades to see the demographic explosion in the city, and the city has now landed as a highly congested city.

Therefore, an alternate understanding of the public realm beyond parks and plazas is required, in which the focus is on social spaces instead of formal places. (Shroff, 2015) ‘social space’ for relief is defined as the space that people use outdoors. ‘formal place’ space is defined as the space that is planned as public. (Shroff, 2015)

Figure 12 : Different types of planned public spaces, under qualification by

the municipal council.

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Figure 14 : Typical Public park with families, parents and kids, at evening hours and holidays.

Source : wri-org.in Pop-Up Environments And The City Space

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Unplanned public space (Shroff, 2015)

Precedence- Fairs at various suburbs in Mumbai.

is a host of relief activities where one experiences breathe of freedom to get involved in an activity in a fashion that is not governed by anybody other than the law of the land. Also, a majority of activities that provide the relief are under influence of informal vendors, where they provide a special momentary relief for the commuters.

These interventions transform the street into space for relief activities for a short period of time.

‘’In order to accurately measure the ground reality of public life we need to consider both planned as well as unplanned public spaces. Unplanned public spaces are always ignored during the planning process because there is no quantitative measure for these spaces. These spaces are always made to appropriate themselves to the surrounding condition.’’ (Shroff, 2015)

A prominent example becomes the fairs that popup at various suburbs where people bring in various Equipment’s such as Ferris wheels, merry go rounds, moon Walkers, swinging ships, horses, play cars etc. And would Completely transform the parking lot into a large fair, where People came with their kids for relief. The amount of people that visit unplanned public spaces are multi-fold than the numbers recorded at the public parks nearby. The space used for the intervention also amounts to be fairly smaller than the parks, commuters who come for quick snacking and social gathering after office hours .

Typical Public park with families, parents and kids, at evening hours and holidays.

Relief activities and the informal dimension towards manifestation of unplanned public space.

India cities generate simulations to public space-public life ambition, and the potential of public life never ends. There lies an underlying temporal action, condition and setting. To analyse the activities that are happening at the planned public space, we need to understand the criteria of temporal occupation of certain territories by informal vendors or the condition of the activity that constitute the particular city domain as meeting space. There are many examples of such social spaces and are result of manifestations by the informal interventions.

Some of these common manifestations are found all over the city of Mumbai like Food Streets: Khao Galli at Mohammad Ali Road, Khao Galli at Opera House etc, Isolated Food Spots: BadeMiya, Bachelors, Ayub’s etc, Tea Stalls: Mucchad panwala, Shopping Streets: Fashion Street, Linking road at Bandra, Smaller Individual Stores: Small stationery shops, PCO Booths, Recreational Activities: Equal Streets Movement, Sports: Gully Cricket, Fairs: Bandra Fair, Nariman Point Fair.

(Shroff, 2015)

Figure 17 : Useage pattern of planned public space.

Source : Shroff, K. K. R. (2015). Spaces for engagement in the city of Mumbai: rethinking parks and public spaces in congested cities (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

Figure 15 :Typical Public park with families, parents and kids, at evening

hours and holidays.

Figure 18 :Useage pattern of unplanned public space.

Source : Shroff, K. K. R. (2015). Spaces for engagement in the city of Mumbai: rethinking parks and public spaces in congested cities (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

Figure 16 :Typical Public park with families, parents and kids, at evening

hours and holidays.

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Figure 19 : Typical Public park with families, parents and kids, at evening

hours and holidays. source

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1.1.3 City space and ephemeral exhibits that attempt to create spaces of engagement.

Exhibit A : Add-On 20 Höhenmeter.

Underlying objective : Pop-Up Environments in Urban Central Areas.

Time line : 6 weeks.

Place : Austria.

Outlook:

Temporary uses of pop-up environments allow for quick and flexible structures that are more easily accepted than permanent new structures, avoiding some bureaucratic planning procedures. In the context of high-density areas, characterized by high real estate costs and little investment opportunities, temporary uses can provide viable alternatives that enhance the quality of urban spaces and allow business opportunities and a rapid return on invested capital. (Bertino, 2019).

The temporary scaffolding sculpture add on. 20 meters altitude consisted of scaffolding elements and container-like components that in a way competed with its urban surroundings through its sheer size.

The media theorist Reinhard Braun called add on a foreign body in the urban space that tends towards autonomy and counts in its own infrastructure. What might have been foreign was its presentation of various possibilities of architectural utilization in a loose and modular manner.

In the context of urban city centres, where the location, planning and functioning of the social, healthcare and public infrastructure and the buildings are well defined, there are set rules and practical or legal limitations, such as the concern over preserving heritage and the reserved allocations in the urban plans. It becomes difficult to have investment opportunities and in these places, for both the public and private. (Bertino, 2019)

A social space full of relief activities.

Usually separated spheres like dwelling, work, consumerism, entertainment and recreation were combined in a cluster-like arrangement where a living room, a caravan with a front garden, a whirlpool feat. an installation, a factory canteen, a music room, a sun patio and a panorama café were juxtaposed to each other. With its integrated toilets, a telescope to enjoy the vista and a table soccer table, the project add on might have appeared like an ironical commentary to the division of functions in the urban architecture surrounding it.

Due to the sculpture’s architectural dimensions and the special utilizations resulting from this, the audience could appropriate add on in many ways. As the various levels and hybrid spaces were accessible, the scaffolding sculpture turned into a playground for the children from the neighbourhood, an exhibition and a look-out. While during the day more than 18,000 visitors used this walkable large-size sculpture as an inner-city place of excursions, the “city tower” turned into a huge clubbing space and chill out lounge in the evening.

In this context, pop-up environments can provide an opportunity for the construction of new infrastructures, so as to generate interest among citizens through short-term intensification or multiplication of use.

Figure 20 :PUE constructs a setting that is in intersection of life, space and building.

Figure 21 : For six weeks “add on.

20 höhenmeter” transforms Wallensteinplatz into a centre of artistic interaction.

Figure 22 : project lighting the urban square with multiple modules of contrast-

ing functions.

Figure 24 : people lounging at the pop-up environment, utilizing the project

in a way that reflects as vibrant city space environment.

Figure 23 : calender planned for various activities, as of the existence of the project.

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Exhibit B : Called, La Concordia: Place : Bogota Underlying objective : Amphitheatre, the structure can be used to host everything from outdoor dining to film screenings and socially distanced theatre in the Colombian capital.

The project : This environment presented itself as a solution where it quickly adapted to the new setting of spaced seating and conducting the culinary business. Its necessary to compare this plastic quality which juxtaposes the permanent state of certain places.

The pandemic affected the physical attendance to the

places and this new venture helped provide an opportunity to attempt at the challenge of attracting and re-familiarizing city dwellers into the relief activities of city space.

Figure 26 : Various levels and hybrid spaces were accessible, the scaffolding sculpture turned into a playground for the children from the neighborhood, an exhibition and a look-out.

Colab-19 used scaffolding because it is fast, low cost and easily accessible as a construction material. “Designing in the context of a socio-economic crisis asked us to think outside of traditional building materials,” “This led us to investigate construction infrastructure as inhabitable architecture. We decided that scaffolding was the most appropriate construction system due to its modularity, accessibility, and ‘outdoor feel’.

Colab-19, however, hopes it could be kept in place long after the pandemic is over, and that interventions such as this will permanently change public opinion.

It’s a process they have termed “tactical architecture”.

“This led us to investigate construction infrastructure as inhabitable architecture. We decided that scaffolding was the most appropriate construction system due to its modularity, accessibility, and ‘outdoor feel’.

Colab-19, however, hopes it could be kept in place long after the pandemic is over, and that interventions such as this will permanently change public opinion.

It’s a process they have termed “tactical architecture”.

Figure 27 : Temporal props construct a space that is easily inclusive of social spaces, that range from recreation, play, community and also expand the imagination to providing short-term civic infrastructure. In the recent times the idea has expanded to sports facility, hospitality and many more cultural activies, new tradition of staying in the city space.

Figure 24 : The environment enabling fresher experience of dining in the city of bogota, reflecting the pent-up demand for the public space quality.

Figure 25 : This space can be used flexibly for any type of recreational activity, be it a performance, a concert or even a mass.

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Figure 28 : Fundamentally the setting in which the temporal environment is morphed, and habitats all three layers for constructing a city space, with quality criterias of public space and public life.

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1.2 City space in such times of continuous urban evolution, and recognize an excuse to be out of our private life. ‘’in the last 20-30 years the number of sidewalk cafes have exploded, because now people want an excuse to be out in a public space, spend some time, see life go by and see the girls and boys, you cannot spend 3 hours on a bench without the police asking you, what are you doing here? But you can sit at a side walk café for 3 hours and nobody will think suspicious or strange, it gives you a good pretext for being there, in the old days people use to spend so much time in public space, we were always there, because we had something to do, now we have nothing to do, then we invented cappuccino, and we have something to do.’’

-

Jan Gehl.

Outdoor café – Melbourne 5 years – 7000 to 15000 outdoor café seats .

City spaces & equal streets initiatives in India : the public life demand.

City spaces & equal streets initiatives in India : the public life demand.

The Lil-flea Mumbai/Delhi : Bohemian Lifestyle event in Mumbai.

Difficult exercise for people to find an excuse to be in the city space of Mumbai.

The Happy street initiative by The Times of India which encourages people to use non-motorised transport and to come out onto the streets to socialize every Sunday morning through a wide array of activities. The road selected for Happy Street is blocked for 3-4 hours in the morning on Sundays to turn it into a free space where anyone can walk, jog, cycle or just stroll around with a loved one, rediscover the simple pleasures of playing any game. The Times of India partners with various district authorities, administrations and state police to create a Happy Streets. This initiative aims to highlight problems typical of any city - cars usurping roads, shrinking space for pedestrians and cyclists and air pollution shooting up.

lifetime : 3 days.

The Happy street initiative lifetime : 3 hours.

Footfall : 20,000 City dwellers.

Layers to observe : [make diagrams] a. stretch of the city space activated at morning hours. b. Inviting all city dwellers without crowd control c. Relief activities of all kinds, playing to eating. d. Modifying an important and strategic city space with bureaucratic support.

Difficult exercise for people to find an excuse to be in the city space of Mumbai.

This restricted access along with the list of permitted activities invariably results in us not maximizing our existing open spaces to their full potential. This mismatch long with a huge pent up demand for relief space opens up opportunities for people to seek relief at other spaces, which gives rise to unplanned public spaces and other initiatives that tap on the problem in the city. (Shroff, 2015)

Thousands of people flock to the streets of Lokhandwala Back-road in Andheri, not for any protest against something, but to laugh and play on the occasion of ‘Be Happy Street Festival’.

On one side of the street, a group of friends was playing carom and chess while at another spot a few were playing badminton and football.

Footfall : city dwellers Land : Private land-MCGM Layers to observe : a. crowd control through ticketing. b. Architecture passive, c. props to have a cosmetic environment. d. Controlled environment for relief activities. e. Bazaar as a vehicle for meeting and creating city space environment.

The business model of commerce offering products across categories like home décor, fashion, jewellery, and lifestyle, with a curated flea market exhibition.

The flea journey has seen merges between commerce and creativity, helped upcoming brands grow and gone from a compact, artistic flea market to a festival that’s got music, art, live performances from different paths, fashion brands that are hard to find anywhere else, culinary discoveries, open mic’s and of course, the bar (aka The unofficial lost friends counter)

Times29of: India : The street initiative Figure Times of IndiaHappy : The Happy street initiative

Figure 31 : Times of India : The Happy street initiative

Figure 31 : Times of India : The Happy street initiative

Figure 31 : Times of India : The Happy street initiative amitabhagupta.wordpress.com

Times Indiaof: India The Happy street initiative Figure 30 of : Times : The Happy street initiative

Figure : Times of India : The Happy street initiative Times 34 of India : The Happy street initiative

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1.3.1 Urban dilemma of creation and intervention without people displacement.

1.3.2 Public space as an object, precipitate and setting of conflict. [ present scenario ]

Data shows public spaces and essential infra are more important to develop in the urbanizing ride of Mumbai, it is not possible to displace people and develop new public spaces, then what is the option?

[ actual reason why the centre or the state shapes laws, policies against empowering strategic public spaces ]

Only 8.15% of the city land is currently vacant, and with a demand for housing and other infrastructure taking priority, public space takes a backseat. Even if we were to construct the public space demarcated in the development plan, we will have only 2.17 m2 of open space per person. Additionally, since Mumbai was built without any large park or central public space in proportion to its population, rectifying this in hindsight is impossible. To fit a park the size of New York’s central park (3.41km2), in a city with a population density of 29,650 people per km, will require 101,106 people to be displaced and thus is an impossible solution. (Shroff, 2015) Throughout this study, it is an established fact that public domain environment is more challenging to grow and the city has generated some solutions that temporarily pop-up and provide relief for the pent-up demand, the ephemeral exhibits that have surfaced recently, provide an opportunity to experiment this pop-up relief activities in a different fashion, where social infrastructure for the city can be a combination of formal and informal space.

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Construct of a city space is for a cohesive environment for relief or social activity, Rather the City spaces of today or the planned public space in it, have been a germ of perceptual conflict, where the acts performed by the marginalised or informal class of people & even a simple act of relief, are deemed inappropriate by certain groups who seem to be a legitimate authority for controlling these natures of public environment. This has further resolved into the surface questions of the imagination of citizenship and right to relief or social activities in public or city space.

Public spaces of today are specifically looked as a hegemonic tool for the society to reflect upon their perceptual vision, and the space further takes a role of an object, setting and precipitation of conflict.

Evidently, it is believed that some members of the public have a greater right to occupy public space for private ends than others.

This has obvious implications for the imagination of citizenship.

Thus the circle is completed with the conflict over physical space, resulting in a political conflict over the definition of citizenship as well as of the rights of the private individual vis-à-vis public goods.

The power of certain spaces like the Flora Fountain area is reinforced by the fact that they house the precipitate of earlier conflicts with the state.

Memorials may be considered as much the precipitates of conflicts as can be less direct spatial consequences of conflict situations. The maidans or open playgrounds of South Mumbai, which I mentioned at the beginning, are equally the precipitates of what was basically a strategic measure designed for a moment of conflict. Of course, in the course of time, the nature of occupation changed and today the space of the maidan is the space of play and unspecified leisure.

The state recognizing the setting and operating mechanics of the city space that can become a vehicle of protest and grab media or journalist attention.

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1.4 PUEs adaptation in the city spaces of today.

1.4.1 Significance of PUE/Abstract Urban strategies and the way cities are planned have changed throughout history, adapting to the needs of the inhabitants, infrastructure requirements, and advances in technology. Uses and customs of people and cities are changing and can evolve much faster than in the past, with the result that urban planning is often too slow to adequately meet the current needs of society. (Bertino, 2019) In this context, the development of pop-up environments for temporary developments could be a solution to meet the needs of flexibility, adaptation, and resilience of a city. This allows the urban planner to consider systems from a short-term perspective, fulfilling current needs without compromising the development of potentially different activities in the future.

To shortly introduce PUE, they try to address the mismatch between evolving urban practices and inefficient urban planning. The research article

Unfortunately, getting results is not easy: if citizens habits and customs evolve too quickly, how can city development occur at the same speed? How can a “mismatch” between the constantly evolving city and urban planning struggling keeping up with changes in user needs over time be avoided? (Bertino, 2019) The aim of the Study involving PUE and relation to urban planning, is to outset the structures or the objects as temporary and rely on characteristics like short-lived, small-scale development, flexible and light Weight technology with fast and easy assembly, temporary occupation on ground, and adaptability to different uses and users. (Bertino, 2019) It is known for alternatives to fill the gaps left by unsuccessful urban planning policies. Urban planning tools often fail to address and guide urban changes and it leads to decay of social infrastructure, public infrastructure and civic identity.

1.4.2 Background / Suitability of PUE Suitability of PUE being urban : A preliminary background study is very necessary. First, the city was analysed from a historical-urbanistic point of view in order to understand how the way of conceiving and structuring the city has changed. Urban planning is a constantly evolving and fluctuating discipline and must keep up with the speed of technological innovation by adapting new models of planning tools and innovative architectures. This is precisely the context in which pop-up environments should be inserted.

The way to look at environments : Second, the term “pop-up environment” is still not under extensive light and study. The search for precedencies involved the lookout for pop-up examples with combination with environments, architecture, housing, and living systems. (Bertino, 2019) Figure 39 : City structure being permanent, and no plasticity in the urban environ. ment for new habits of city dwellers

Envisaging creation of structure that meets the current needs of the community, without compromising the future. Circumventing the bureaucracy with todays urban planning tools. (Bertino, 2019)

published under the title ‘’Framework Conditions and Strategies for Pop-Up Environments in Urban Planning’’, puts light to and reveals precedencies that have temporal qualities to adapt to various morphological and geographical contexts.

Figure 38 : Urban strategies always trying to catchup to changing infrastructure modifications.

Figure 35 : Urban planning solution as misfit to new traditions in social and public infrastructure.

Figure 36 : rigid urban composition in heritage cities, leaving no room for opportuinities.

Figure 37 : Urban strategies always trying to catchup to changing infrastructure modifications.

Figure 40 : architecture supporting the constant change in citizens habbits.

Figure 41 : prominent city squares, which lasted for centuries, changing their apperance and function over time.

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1.4.3 Urban Planning in Continuous Transformation.

1.4.4 Pop-Up Environments and Framework Conditions

Urban planning is the discipline that studies the anthropized territory with the purpose of planning, reorganization, rehabilitation, and functional adaptation of already existing urban aggregates and the design of new aggregates.

It aims at respecting people’s customs, taking into account the characteristics of the city and the urban needs of its users, the feasibility and materiality assessments, the history that determined the current territory, the repercussions in the processes of social cohesion, and the constitutive rules of the shape of the city. (Bertino, 2019) The urbanization process of cities, in fact, is strongly conditioned by the relative socio-political conditions, and when these conditions change, those changes are reflected in urban planning. For example : from Neolithic era to the middle ages to the industrial era, city’s structuring principles changed constantly.

Large-scale urban projects were planned, sometimes including the demolition of entire neighbourhoods, to make room for areas rebuilt according to more rational urban schemes and responding to more modern and functional canons.

Technological innovations affect changes in customs and way of life with an emerging need of new infrastructures, new land uses, and new space availabilities. (Bertino, 2019) Migration, influx & efflux and changing impact on urban setting.

Unpredictable events, such as natural disasters like earthquakes and floods, lead to emergencies and the subsequent need for new housing solutions that are affordable and flexible but also sustainable and reusable, easy to construct, and rapid to implement.

New technologies have made new levels of migratory currents possible—the delusion via TV of different living conditions and the growth of education in developing countries are among the factors triggering migrations, alongside wars, persecutions of various kinds, and hunger. The greater ease of transport also results in migration being much easier than in the past. Finally, the consequences of human impact on the environment have resulted in the desire to create a sustainable future that concerns the whole city, in which the, the investment plan, the orientation of technological development, and the institutional changes are all in harmony in order to meet needs and aspirations of its citizens. (Bertino, 2019)

Figure 42 : Advancement in transport technology, expiditing migration choices and leading to exploitation of resources, civic infrastructure.

Thus, the focus for modern urbanism should be on solutions that are more durable and temporary that are designed to have a life related to the time, when it will be used, rather than just building ‘lasting’ architectural solutions, that don’t meet the needs of the users, which change overtime.

New methods are needed for the development of cities that are flexible in time and do not become a limitation to future urban growth, keeping pace with new market demands, while large-scale interventions, subjected to lengthy bureaucratic and implementation procedures, risk being overturned even before they are completed because, in the meantime, the boundary conditions that alter the initial assumptions have already changed. (Bertino, 2019)

Since a univocal definition for “pop-up environments” has not yet been defined, a new definition is proposed, taking into consideration the sources found in the literature.

A pop-up environment can be defined as a physical structure or a space that emerges quickly, that is designed to be impermanent and constructed to adapt the space, and that is meant to fulfil the user’s functional and aesthetics requirement. (Bertino, 2019)

o

Finally, in recent years, more and more often, the realization of pop-up environments has also been used as a method of re-appropriation of spaces otherwise cut off from the urban context.

o

There are various examples of pop-up structures built in vacant plots or empty buildings before a future permanent destination is identified, with advantages not only from an urbanistic point of view but also providing social, economic, and environmental benefits.

o

Furthermore, pop-up environments are often used in contexts of densely populated urban areas, where there are various practical and legal limitations due to the rigidity of urban plans and the preservation of historical heritage.

Figure 44 : City spaces and urban configuration involving many typologies, filling gaps in civic infrastructure.

o

In this way, it is possible to avoid some bureaucratic procedures, resorting to temporary structures to create infrastructures that improve the quality of urban spaces. Within the latter context, the aim of this research is to evaluate pop-up environments as urban planning tools through the investigation of already realized case studies. (Bertino, 2019)

1.4.5 Pop-Up Environments—Criteria and Requirements Based on the interpretation of this data, general criteria are proposed, and their elaboration allowed for the recommendation of a series of general requirements that can be applied in different contexts related to temporary pop-up environments from an architectural and planning point of view. (Bertino, 2019)

Figure 45 : Urban design facilitating for architecture expanding as a better city space.

Figure 43 : Neighbourhoods selecting spaces inbetween for forming more public life.

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o

Figure 46 : Results from search parameters of ‘pop-up’ and ‘architecture’ (as environments), realised in three typologies.

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1.4.6 Pop-Up Environments in Vacant Plots Vacant plots were considered ‘’temporarily out of order’’ under the study, the reasons include complication in planning process, financial complication and unexpected technical problem. Although the scope of them allowing for realization of temporary strategies is very beneficial.

mantled, and the material was shipped to Northern Ireland, where it was used to build a new pavilion in the Belfast botanical garden. (Bertino, 2019)

The “Limite-Limite tower” was a temporary project, begun in 1999 and ended in 2004, in the Schaerbeek district of Brussels. The objective of the project was to create a public space and a social community in an impoverished and very populated area of the city.

(Bertino, 2019) Both local authorities and the community were involved in choosing the site for the tower in order to guarantee the success of the project. The site envisaged for the temporary building for meetings and exhibitions was located in the centre of a run-down neighbourhood, in a vacant lot between the train station and residential districts. The area was formally sold by the municipality and the project financed by an investment fund. The architectural structure was a nine-meter-high building, with an exterior covered with translucent corrugated plastic and a metal interior applied to a wooden structure. For five years, it was the site of concerts, exhibitions, debates, and architectural laboratories, thus allowing the community to regain possession of and benefit from an otherwise abandoned site. In 2004, the tower had to be replaced with a permanent structure: it was dis-

In city centres where the location and function of infrastructures and buildings are often well defined, there are several practical and legal limitations, such as the issue of preserving historical heritage and the rigidity of urban plans. It therefore becomes increasingly difficult to have concrete investment opportunities in these places, both public and private. In this context, pop-up environments can provide an opportunity for the construction of new infrastructures, so as to generate interest among citizens through shortterm intensification or multiplication of use.

to explore urban life in a more interactive way. At the end of the temporary use, the tower was dismantled, and a large part of its components were recycled. (Bertino, 2019)

Add-On 20 Höhenmeter” is a huge architectural installation that, for six weeks, turned Wallensteinplatz into a centre of artistic interaction. The basic structure consisted of a 20-m-high platform in which the specially designed space modules fitted together creatively using low-cost light prefabricated structures based on a scaffolding model.

As a freely accessible environment, this structure allowed visitors to explore new landscapes, offering a range of angles and views at various levels, and the result was a fascinating variety of perspectives on everyday life. Every day, there was a program of different artists with cultural and multidisciplinary shows.

Figure 47 : Comparing Results from search parameters for projects under vacant plots. Bertino, G., Fischer, T., Puhr, G., Langergraber, G., & Österreicher, D. (2019).

Framework conditions and strategies for pop-up environments in urban planning.

Sustainability,

Figure 48 : Started as a solution to illegal dumping, the construction soon turned into the core of social and cultural activities by local school, shopkeepers and community organisations.

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1.4.7 Pop-Up Environments in Urban Central Areas

As a vertical public space, it explored the interface between public and private spheres through the implementation in the public space of recognizable functional units of everyday life, but out of context, trying to show a reaction to the stereotyped forms of functionality of social life, motivating the passers-by

Figure 50 : Comparing Results from search parameters for projects under urban central plazas. Bertino, G., Fischer, T., Puhr, G., Langergraber, G., & Österreicher, D. (2019). Framework conditions and strategies for pop-up environments in urban planning. Sustainability,

Figure 49 : add on. 20 höhenmeter, various architectural spaces realised in unbuilt manner or temporal fashion.

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1.5 RESEARCH STATEMENT 1.5.1. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Aim : to emphasizes on the use of temporal mechanisms to be a part in the change of power play for democratizing the use of city space in Mumbai, where the anticipated outlook is a representation of conflict in an unbuilt manner.

Objectives : 1. Test a combination of short-term formal public infrastructure and social spaces.

2. Scale social spaces in a new environment of short term and multiplied use.

3. Use temporal props to construct a new dimension in formulating a new mutation of city space which tries to put forth a new perspective to Land use structure of Mumbai.

4. Use temporal architecture as an environment that pops-up and tests the perceptual flavour towards social dimension and empower this dimension as representation of a perceptual conflict.

5. The new custom or convention of socializing in the city space to be addressed in a opportunist fashion at a locality that familiarizes with the operational pattern of the temporal needs and the architectural attempt rationalizes the anticipated growth of such traditions across the city.

6. The dichotomy of social city spaces and planned public spaces to be bridged in a calculated fashion that rationalizes usage pattern and behaviour of certain actors.

7. The reserved space or the land use allocation being modified to an city space setting, which addresses need of open public spaces for all city dwellers.

Scope and limitations : 1. The scope of the study is extended towards understanding the actual behaviour in the existing social pattern and application under the capacities of the pop-up environment facility.

2. The scope of the study also extends to the application of variable temporal props that attempt to provide a formalised space and time for the existing informal manifestations in the district of study.

3. The limitation of the study is to look at the environment at a particular interstitial time and find opportunities to propose an alternative perception that provides, and encompasses new identified behaviours in the realm of social place-making.

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2.0

Chapter : Literature Review .

2.1 History of ephemeral architecture in city space and their lasting significance in memory.

2.2 Socio-Spatial Assemblage 2.3 City Timeline 2.4 Pattern of growth for informal intervention.

2.5 Formal Backbone: Interventions How does the civic structure influence informality?

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2.1 Ephemeral existence in city spaces. [Power, Politics and Religion]

The ephemeral erections of old age era were linked to the purposes of power, politics and religion, and these were expressions that held the general public spectators. These constructions or erections were placed in strategic city spaces or common city spaces with an intend related to time, memory and place as a setting of spectacle.

The first testimonies where city spaces were spectacle of celebration where when they dated back to eras of public ceremonies and celebration of military victories, or celebrations related to kings and emperors. one such exhibit becomes the pavilion erected by Ptolemy ll of Egypt to celebrate a banquet, where the dominant arrangement of columns allowed spreads of purple curtains to be divisions and a spectacle adorned with skins of extraordinary variety and

architects[name them].

These values in the contemporary ages were rather recognized as momentary existence with lasting impact and this became a theme of many universal exhibitions, and the erections lasted until the arrangement of the exhibition to the public lasted. In the opinions of the state, the contemporary age is a period which is placed in the most evolved stage of mankind, where science, technology, communication and transport are developing at an exponential rate and this state of existence needed a representation of a kind.

Throughout these precedents, one has to look about the course of momentary value that is created which changes the outlook and generates an opportunity of a kind. some of the objectives and purposes are linked to a state of natural impermanence and temporal relief.

Figure 51 : Project MUSE - The Symposium-Tent of Ptolemy II: A New Proposal (jhu.edu)

beauty. other such evolved expressions of triumphal arches and city entrances were evidences of the power and political saturation at that time.

2.2.1 Social assemblage: Framework of the spatial process.

The findings reveal the existence of social-assemblage in the form of trader community, as a layer of non-physical structure that frames the spatial assemblage process of the trader space. (Yudistira, 2019) Social position is a non-physical property of the actors that affects three capacities that play a crucial role in the spatial assemblage process (Yudistira, 2019), namely: 1) the right to occupy a particular spatial position inside the courtyard;2) the right to bring and use objects as (additional) resources that are required to form the trader space; and 3) the capability to utilize the resources and develop a set of relation-interactions to form the trader space.

(Yudistira, 2019) The entire setting works under regulations that are mutually accepted in the trading community: 1. First, the trader community has a regulation regarding a limit on the number of similar goods that can be sold. ‘Common goods’, such as clothes, are limited to five traders, while ‘rare goods’, such as traditional medicine, are limited to three traders.

2. Second, traders with similar goods retrain themselves not to form their space in adjacent positions.

There is usually a gap of around two or three traders between traders of similar goods.

‘In the history of ephemeral architecture, the intension was to express a political statement, the power control and the societal outlook in the matters of belief.’

3. Additional Traders do not own a specific spatial position in the courtyard, so they constantly search for a empty position in the setting.

There are two types of empty position in the courtyard. First, one that is not owned by any Permanent Traders. Second, the position is empty because the Permanent Traders who owns it is absent. When the Additional Traders finds an empty position, they cannot directly occupy it, but need to ask for permission from the Permanent Traders in the area.

5.3. Spatial assemblage: The appearing and disappearing process with specific phases. trader space appears and disappears in the courtyard through a spatial assemblage process with three phases: preparation, (de)territorialization, and withdrawal.

5.3.1. Preparation: Setting-up process 5.3.2. (De)Territorialization: The appearing-disappearing process 5.3.3. Withdrawal: Cleaning-up process 5.3.1. Preparation: Setting-up process The preparation phase exemplifies the trader’s co-ordination in territorialization/ set-up process, namely (1) the availability of resources, and (2) the availability of spatial position. This phase is then mainly divided into two sub-phases, supplying resources and occupying a position. If they utilize the support of a porter, then the resources that are placed by the porter in a specific location will act as tags or placeholders that prevent other traders from occupying the position. (Yudistira, 2019)

The religious entities also used these temporal qualities as decor for sacred ceremonies, where the evident contributions were initiations by recognized artists and

Figure 52 : triumphal arch at Porte Saint-Denis for the entrance of Henry II in Paris in 1549.

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Figure 53 : From left to right : mens clothes trader, sock trader, accesories trader.

Figure 1. From left to right: men’s clothes trader, socks trader, accessories trader.

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5.3.2. (De)Territorialization: The appearing-disappearing process

2.2 City Timeline.

The study conducted under the research paper titled, ‘Spaces for Engagement in The City of Mumbai-Rethinking Parks and Public Spaces in Congested Cities’ highlights a key character of cities with usage patterns of city space, throughout the day.

(De)territorialization is the phase in which the trader space appears through the process of territorialization, and then disappears through the process of deterritorialization. This phase is divided into four sub-phases: defining boundaries, the emergence of identity, the disappearance of identity, and disassembling boundaries.

Episode 1: Below Commercial Areas - 11:00am to 3:00 pm

This disassembling process starts by dismantling the arrangement of the goods and then storing them in a certain place or parcel/package.

The city space gets utilizes mostly around the commercial buildings. Small informal interventions such as tea stalls, xerox shops, food carts, cigarette stalls, newspaper kiosks etc. activate the space by providing an opportunity to pause. Common examples of activities found are: •

Office employees standing outside the gate or sitting below a tree while taking a break to either smoke, have tea, eat food etc.

•

At lunch people crowding around food stalls

•

Drivers sitting, talking, playing cards or reading the news papers

•

People waiting below the office to meet someone

•

Office boys sitting and talking while waiting for the Xerox shop to copy some documents At the same time, planned public spaces have the lowest usage rate.

Popular public space like Marine Drive, which is a is utilized by only a few tourists or college students sitting on the promenade. More college students would be found outside the institute either sitting on the parked bikes or around the informal food stalls in the area.

Episode 2 : Formal Public Space - 3:00 pm to 7:00 pm During this time people utilize more formal public spaces. for example, Parks are visited by children and their parents. The demographic of people utilizing the city space also changes to groups of friends and families. Common examples of activities found are: Groups of people sitting or walking along the promenade Individuals using the promenade to walk or jog. (Shroff, 2015) People pause below commercial areas just to grab a quick bite before they either go home or to a more formal public space. The formal public spaces are also used by people as a place to wait before they move to larger programmed spots such as restaurants, movie theatres etc. (Shroff, 2015) Figure 58 : Defining boundaries sub-phase of men’s clothes trader (top image) and socks trader (bottom image).

Illustrations quoted from study conducted under the research paper titled, ‘Spaces for engagement in the city of Mumbai: rethinking parks and public spaces.’

Shroff, K. K. R. (2015). Spaces for engagement in the city of Mumbai: rethinking parks and public spaces in congested cities (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

Figure 55 : Supplying resources (top image) and occupying a position (bottom image) sub-phases of socks trader.

5.3.3. Withdrawal: Cleaning-up process

Figure 54 : Defining boundaries sub-phase of men’s clothes trader (top image) and socks trader (bottom image).

Illustrations quoted from study conducted under the research paper titled, ‘From rigidity to ephemerality: Architecture as a socio-spatial assemblage of heterogeneous components.’

Yudistira, F., Yatmo, Y. A., & Atmodiwirjo, P. (2019). From rigidity to ephemerality: Architecture as a socio-spatial assemblage of heterogeneous components. A/Z ITU Journal of Faculty of Architecture.

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The withdrawal phase is the opposite of the preparation phase. The main aim of this phase is to ‘clean up’ the built environment and return it to its default condition. Therefore, this phase strengthens the argument about the temporal availability of resources that are required to form the architectural space.

The withdrawal phase is divided into two sub-phases, positional withdrawal and resources withdrawal ‘Positional withdrawal’ is the sub-phase in which the traders, who initiate the formation of trader space in the courtyard, leave their spatial position. ‘Resources withdrawal’, on the other hand, is the sub-phase in which the porters move/ mobilize the remaining resources to another location (inside the mosque area), to return the built environment completely to its default condition. (Yudistira, 2019)

Marine56 Drive betweendrive 11:00between am to 3:0011:00 pm am to 3:00 pm.

Figure : Marine

Diagram activities commercial areas Figure 57 :ofDiagram of below activities below commercial areas between 11:00 am tobetween 3:00 pm.11:00 am to 3:00 pm

Figure 59 : Diagram of activities below commercial areas between 11:00 am to 3:00 pm.

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Episode 3 : Large Isolated Spots - 7:00 pm to 12:00 am

2.4 Pattern of growth for informal intervention in the city space.

During this time most of the activity shifts from formal public spaces towards large isolate spots. These spots attract people because of the quality program that they offer and they can be either indoors or outdoors. Indoor spaces such as restaurants, clubs, theatres, malls start getting a lot of crowd. Outdoor spaces such as Bade Miya, Ayyub’s, the fair at Nariman point etc. also attract a lot people. (Shroff, 2015)

The study conducted under the research paper, ‘’Spaces for engagement in the city of Mumbai: rethinking parks and public spaces in congested cities’’, identified how informal spaces setup and the mapping of how informality existed:

These large isolated spots remain active till about 12:00 am after which most public life subsides till the next day where the cycle repeats itself. Understanding this shifting timeline and how people actually use the city across the day will helps us design more efficient and dynamic spaces that keep adapting to the changing city conditions. (Shroff, 2015)

2. Second flow : 7:00pm to 9:30pm : The second flow is from tourists that come to visit spaces such as the Prince of Wales museum, Gateway of India, Jehangir art gallery, Colaba causeway etc. (Shroff, 2015) 3. Third flow : 9:30pm to 11:30pm : The third flow is from locals that come to the area to visit spaces such as Regal cinema, marine drive, Theobroma, Gokul, etc. (Shroff, 2015)

A. High Pedestrian Accessibility: Generally the interventions tap into the continuous flow of people, like routes leading to train stations and major highway routes towards the suburban parts of the city. They setup just outside retail edges on the ground.

4. Fourth flow : 11:30pm to 2:00am : The fourth flow is people if from people who go clubbing at nearby hotels. Spaces such as polyesters, red light, prive, insomnia etc (Shroff, 2015)

B. Neutral Space:. The bulk of informal interventions are set up around these neutral spaces such as transport stations, government buildings, social structures and commercial areas. Residential areas have the bare minimum amount of informal interventions because the residents feel more personally about the space below their house. (Shroff, 2015) C. Avoid High Security Zones: After identifying a neutral space, the next step is to make sure that the spaces is not if front of a high security program. Spaces such as consulates, luxury hotels and other image conscious spaces are always avoided where they can become a security threat. (Shroff, 2015) D. Least Conflict Space : The least conflict zone is the space where they offer least conflict to the people using the formal program because the owner has nothing to lose if he sets up there. It generally is the space along a dead facade of the structure usually along the side, the back or the space between two structures. (Shroff, 2015)

Figure 60 : illustration depicting activities that occur at large isolated spots.

Figure 63 : informal interventions along the dead facade of the office and residential buildings.Illustrations quoted from study conducted under the research paper titled, ‘Spaces for engagement in the city of Mumbai: rethinking parks and public spaces.’

2.5.1 Civic structure influence informality and become backbone of their generative pattern.

Many informal interventions setup outlets in 4 main pedestrian flows that are generated by the surrounding civic structure. (Shroff, 2015) 1. First flow : 7:00pm to 9:30pm : The first is flow is from the nearby maidans such as Oval maidan and Willingdon garden. The food intervention outlets target these flows and have become popular locations for snacking. (Shroff, 2015)

Figure 61 : Both planned and unplanned public spaces evidence large amount of active public life.

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Figure 62 : Neutral spaces around which informal intervention set up. source:

Figure 64 : informal interventions setting up along least conflict space.

Illustrations quoted from study conducted under the research paper titled, ‘Spaces for engagement in the city of Mumbai: rethinking parks and public spaces.’

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3.0

Chapter : Research methodology.

3.1 Frame-work of PUE in Mumbai.

3.2 Site Study/ Area of study.

3.3 Case Study

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Research methodology : Following the Framework, Context and Case studies A set of variables were decided for the evaluation of the site Location and programmatic combination. These variables were based upon the understandings from Introduction and Literature review.

Figure 66 : Research criterias for constructing a framwork through observation of precedences.

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3.1

Chapter : Frame-work of PUE in Mumbai.

3.1.1 List of Background Purpose.

3.1.2 Criteria of Realization 3.1.3 User Groups

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Figure 67 : Research criterias for constructing list of background purposes, through a combination of Public space quality critera study and new tradition of formulating social place in city space of mumbai.v

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Figure 69 : User groups or actors that can accommodate the roleplay for the activated city space imagination, and formulating a ‘Participatory self built scheme’.

Figure 68 : criterias for constructing list of realization aims, that includes study parameteres from literature review of informal set-up processes and parameters observed form the study conducted for framework of PUEs.

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3.2

Chapter : Site Study.

3.2.1 Site Selection Criteria 3.2.2 Land use Map 3.2.3 Informal intervention Mapping 3.2.4 Selected Location and Media coverage 3.2.5 Nariman Point in Literature

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3.2.1 site selection criteria.

The specific criteria that support a conducive Popup city space environment with an informal vendor pattern were :

While searching for a type of context in which the PUE can be inserted, specifically for the city of Mumbai where the social phenomenon in city space was more significant in the unplanned areas and was driven & influenced by the participation of informal vendors, a diverse range of agents, and spatial environments were the needed as ingredients that support a comprehensive outlook for a PUE in the area.

A. Well defined urban city centre where the location, planning and functioning of the social, healthcare and public infrastructure and the buildings are well defined, there are set rules and practical or legal limitations, such as the concern over preserving heritage and the reserved allocations in the urban plans. due to heritage, no hope for investment opportunities .

The city centre of Mumbai and the localities near it was found to be a promising atmosphere for reception of a Pop-up Environment because of the diverse contexts and history of—buildings, public spaces, social communities, green and open areas, museum, and cultural events, informal vendors and their growth pattern.

C. In this context, pop-up environments should be able provide an opportunity for the construction of new social & public infrastructures, so as to generate interest among citizens through short-term intensification or multiplication of use.

D. Creative and responsible community for empowering social agenda.

E. Established attraction to a diverse group of people to the Area every day.

B. Mix of formal public space and informal place, and an recognised unplanned public space episode.

Figure 70 : Plan depicting planned open space in the city of Mumbai, which includes future prospects of expanding more open space under the Mumbai Port Complex Master Plan scheme. source : https://hcp.co.in/urbanism/mumbai-port-complex-master-plan/

Figure 71 : criterias highlighting the promising agents that influence the locality in forming better social place construct, source : Author

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3.2.2 Land use Map

3.2.3 Informal intervention Mapping Figure 72 : Fort has a mix of residential, commercial and social palces.

Transaction Interventions that sell goods fall under the category of transaction. Examples of permeant and temporary interventions are: Permanent: 1. Stationary Stalls: They are small wooden stalls that sell basic office supplies and offer copy facilities.

Temporary examples: 1. Clothes Stall: Clothes are bundled and transported to site in a large cloth. On site the cloth is unwrapped to become the clothes stall and at the end of the day the remaining clothes are wrapped back into the cloth and taken away.

Figure 73 : The mix allows us to understand how informal interventions set-up in the area.

Figure 74 : Transaction category of interventions in and around the loction of study area.

Consumption: Interventions that sell edible goods fall under this category. This is also the most common and frequently occurring category of intervention. Examples of permeant and temporary interventions are:

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3.2.3 Informal intervention Mapping / Nariman Point existing conditions.

Permanent: 1. Aarey Milk Booth: There are 921 permanent wooden aarey stalls in the island city of Mumbai. The average size of the stall is 2.5m x 1.5m

Time based optimization of space: For an urban designer the most important characteristic of these interventions is the time based optimization of space. Based on this, they manage to optimize the limited space in the city through dynamic transformations. Since these transformations are temporary they do not leave anything behind and the space returns to its initial condition once the activity is over.

One such example is the parking lot at Nariman Point: -During the day the parking lot is used to park cars of the large number of office employees employed in the area.

-After office hours the parking lot transforms into a fair and is visited by families with children to seek relief.

- At Midnight when the flow of people stops, the equipment is taken away and the parking lot returns to its initial condition.

Figure 75 : Consumption category of interventions in and around the loction of study area.

Our cities too are dynamic and constantly changing.

Figure 77 : all category of informal interventions in and around the fair at nariman point at Maker 06 location.

Service Interventions that offer services fall under this category. Examples of permeant and temporary interventions are: Permanent: 1. Cobbler: They are frequently located around office buildings and usually have a small permeant storage space approximately 1 m x 1 m in size Temporary examples: 1. Artist: They set up outside existing art galleries or around tourist spots and offer sketching services to the people passing by.

Figure 76 : Service category of interventions in and around the loction of study area.

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Figure 78 : Illustration depicting the Fair involving informal interventions and city space actors forming a ‘social place’. Makers chamber 06, Jamnalal Bajaj marg. Illustrations quoted from study conducted under the research paper titled, ‘Spaces for engagement in the city of Mumbai: rethinking parks and public spaces in congested cities.’

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Figure 79 : Photos of the intervention area with the temporal props brought in by informal actors at night time.

Figure 84 : Land Condition of the selected plot for PUE, Experiencing low contamination at some edges of the ground.

Figure 85 : Photos of the intervention area with the temporal props brought in by informal actors at night time.

Figure 80 : ariel view indicating the parking lot that transforms at night time, near the makers chamber 06 and jamnalal bajaj marg.

Site area16,000 sq.m

3.2.5 Selected Location and Media coverage

Figure 86 : Photos of the intervention area, with recereational equipment.

Figure 87 : recreational rides for children.

Figure 82 : access to the selected ‘vacant plot’, pedestrian and vehicular access modification in accordance to Mumbai metro 03 infrastructure project.

Site area16,000 sq.m Figure 81 : Location plan of the selected site for pop-up environments manifestation.

Figure 83 : Opportuinity for PUE’s manifestation in the timeline of the existing project proposal.

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Figure 86 : Media coverage over the ongoing proposed project and scheme.

Figure 83 : Opportuinity for PUE’s manifestation in the timeline of the existing project proposal.

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Different spaces are used at different times of the day and we need to start optimizing spaces to the city’s timeline. This will help us avoid creating permanent solutions to temporary problems.

lessons it put forth ever likely to, for its basis is not the rational use of valuable land, nor any conscious attempt at making a humane environment, but commercial arrogance.’’

3.2.5 Nariman Point in Literature Rahul Mehrotra The Kinetic City and Other Essays Essay : A Factitious City, 1991 ‘’In spite of the great gusto and urgency with which the Backbay Reclamation scheme was carried out, the exposures of scandals and irregularities in the scheme plagued it for a few decades. After this, successive committees appointed by the government consistently warned against going ahead with this last leg of the Backbay Reclamation scheme.

Ignoring these warnings the government went ahead to complete the last phase in the 1970s. Coincidental to the reclamation was the high allowable FSI (Floor Space Index) of approximately 4.0 in the city, thus resulting in skyscrapers that now huddle on this land at the southern end of Marine Drive.

Although in the historical continuum, this is only the most recent assertion of the city’s relationship to the sea, it has in no way reinforced the architectural or urban design qualities of Bombay. Nor are the

The consequence of such development pointed toward a contrast in the quality of city space generated, where in comparison to Ballard estate, where the building extended towards the edge of plot line and that had a impact on the urbanity, Nariman point just had series of parking islands and building towers of banking and commercial entities. ‘’In this context, the recent development at Nariman Point and the New Cuffe Parade reclamations have been lost opportunities.

Besides opting for the inappropriate high-rise solutions, the lack of concern for the issues at an urban design scale are astounding. For example, the alienation of these new developments with reference to the adjacent city fabric, or for that matter even the water’s edge, is obvious.

The opportunity of creating a promenade along the edge of these precincts could physically and visually improve these areas; give a sense of identity to the precinct while simultaneously create a public recreational space.

Instead, the presence of the sea is almost non-existent once you enter the canyon-like streetscape of these areas. ‘’ In short, there seems to be no conscious attempt to structure these precincts as an urban composition both at the macro or micro level.

Figure 88 : Ariel pictures showing development progress of Mumbai metro 3 and the adjaceny of the select vacant plot.

Figure 87 : Ariel pictures showing development progress of Mumbai metro 3 and the stature of the vacant plot, the adjacencies of back bay reclaimation and the commercial context of the towers of banking companies.

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3.3

Chapter :Case Study.

3.3.1 St. Carolus Hospital Screening Facility / AT-LARS 3.3.2 SelgasCano's Louisiana Hamlet Pavilion 3.3.3 Pitch/Pitch, Amanda Levete

Meets Minda & tracy

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John walks

Minda & tracy

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3.3.1 St. Carolus Hospital Screening Facility / AT-LARS Exhibit A : St. Carolus Hospital Screening Facility / AT-LARS Architects: At-Lars Time line : Place : Jakarta, Indonesia Underlying objective : Hospital Area: 140 M² Year: 2020

The Micro Treatment Facility program, with a mission: to cater the increasing demand of patient treatment capacity and to promote people’s well-being during the pandemic, by creating screening and medical facilities, that are quick to construct, scalable, flexible in sizes and adaptable in various locations.

Figure : https://www.archdaily. com/947140/st-carolus-hospital-screening-facility-at-lars

The first facility is completed in August 2020 for St. Carolus Hospital. Our goal is to continue the facility expansion across Jakarta and beyond. Aiming to support the hospitals and communities, the semipermanent structures are built with scaffolding.

The building consists of a reception area, waiting cubicles, a screening and a medical staff area. A partition wall separates each waiting

Figure : https://www.archdaily. com/947140/st-carolus-hospital-screening-facility-at-lars

cubicle which offers both a seating and space for a wheelchair. It has two separate exits, one to the hospital lobby and the other one to Upper Respiratory Tract Infection clinic.

Prefabricated in two weeks and built on-site in four days, the 140 sqm semi-permanent structure comprises a white scaffolding structure, bangkirai wooden flooring and poly-carbonate cladding. The corrugated uPVC roof

helps reduce heat and sound coming from outside.

It has a substantial overhang to reduce the amount of heat received by the walls.

The façade are made of translucent poly-carbonate cladding to create a subtle visual connection between inside and outside. The material’s transparency allows natural light to come in, which reduces energy consumption during the day.

Figure : https://www.archdaily.com/947140/st-carolus-hospital-screening-facility-at-lars

Figure : https://www.archdaily.com/947140/st-carolus-hospital-screening-facility-at-lars

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Scenario 03 & 04

Scenario 01 & 02 Figure : Multiple uses of the temporal configuration.

Figure : Multiple uses of the temporal configuration.

https://www.archdaily.com/947140/st-carolus-hospital-screening-facility-at-lars

https://www.archdaily.com/947140/st-carolus-hospital-screening-facility-at-lars

Figure : Section of the hospital facility. https://www.archdaily.com/947140/st-carolus-hospital-screening-facility-at-lars

Figure : Section of the hospital facility. https://www.archdaily.com/947140/st-carolus-hospital-screening-facility-at-lars

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Figure : Floor plan of the hospital facility. https://www.archdaily.com/947140/st-carolus-hospital-screening-facility-at-lars

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3.3.2 SelgasCano’s Louisiana Hamlet Pavilion Exhibit B : SelgasCano’s Louisiana Hamlet Pavilion Architects: Spanish architects Jose Selgas and Lucia Cano Time line : Place : Kibera slum, Nairobi Underlying objective : school for 600 pupils.

Area: 150 M² Year: 2004 SelgasCano’s Louisiana Hamlet Pavilion, designed in collaboration with Helloeverything, has been dismantled from its Copenhagen home and is set to be reconstructed in the sprawling Kibera slum, Nairobi, where it will begin a new life as a school. The structure, which is in transit to one of the largest slums in the country, will replace a dilapidated shelter which currently houses 600 pupils. The pavilion, originally

commissioned by the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art (Copenhagen), has been relocated following discussions between Iwan Baan, SelgasCano, the museum, and Second Home.

The new school, which cost around £25,000, is made of cheap but durable materials including chipboard, polycarbonate plastic and standard scaffolding components.

The 150-square-metre building will feature a dozen classrooms for nursery, primary and secondary pupils, plus new offices, toilets and a cooking area.

The classrooms are stacked two high with the two levels connected by a broad wooden staircase that can double as auditorium seating.

The classrooms, offices and toilets are housed in hutlike structures clustered beneath an arching canopy of yellow-painted scaffolding clad in translucent polycarbonate.

Figure : https://www.archdaily.com/782058/selgascanos-helloeverything-louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-to-house-a-school-in-nairobis-kibera-slum

Selgascano previously installed Kibera Hamlets in Louisiana’s Museum of Modern Art, Denmark as a pavilion, the installation emerged as a form of prototypical architecture, challenging the tectonic and formal possibilities of conventional construction assemblies.

Figure : https://www.archdaily.com/782058/selgascanos-helloeverything-louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-to-house-a-school-in-nairobis-kibera-slum

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Presently, Kibera Hamlets runs several different programs, including a school (nursery, primary and secondary level), which is supported by a scholarship program funded through contributions & donations.

Figure : https://www.archdaily.com/782058/selgascanos-helloeverything-louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-to-house-a-school-in-nairobis-kibera-slum

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https://www.architecturaldigest.com/ story/louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-selgascano

https://www.architecturaldigest.com/ story/louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-selgascano

Figure : https://www.archdaily. com/782058/selgascanos-helloeverything-louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-to-house-a-school-in-nairobis-kibera-slum

https://www.architecturaldigest.com/ story/louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-selgascano

Figure : https://www.archdaily.com/782058/selgascanos-helloeverything-louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-to-house-a-school-in-nairobis-kibera-slum

Figure : https://www.archdaily.com/782058/selgascanos-helloeverything-louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-to-house-a-school-in-nairobis-kibera-slum

Figure : https://www.archdaily.com/782058/selgascanos-helloeverything-louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-to-house-a-school-in-nairobis-kibera-slum

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Figure : https://www.archdaily.com/782058/selgascanos-helloeverything-louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-to-house-a-school-in-nairobis-kibera-slum

Figure : https://www.archdaily.com/782058/selgascanos-helloeverything-louisiana-hamlet-pavilion-to-house-a-school-in-nairobis-kibera-slum

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Exhibit C : The Pitch, Amanda Levete Architects: Amanda Levete Time line : 3 years.

Place : London.

Underlying objective : football The project: Stackable football pitches could be erected on disused or temporarily empty plots across London, according to Amanda Levete and her London-based studio AL_A. The concept, named Pitch/Pitch, aims to tackle the shortage of inner-city sports fields available in the centre of the UK capital.

https://www.dezeen.com/2016/11/29/amanda-levete-ala-proposal-multi-storey-football-pitches-london/

Designed by AL_A with Arup engineers, the modular system would comprise a lightweight carbon-fibre structure, able to stack five-a-side football pitches one on top of the other.

The towers are designed to be quick and easy to install, allowing them to be erected temporarily for events such as World Cup tournaments.

The application of carbon fibre is becoming increasingly more viable in architecture, as researchers continue to investigate the lifespan of the lightweight and high-strength material.

Japanese architects Atelier Bow-Wow claim conceived the first ever building with a carbon fibre structure in New York in 2011, while researchers

https://www.dezeen.com/2016/11/29/amanda-levete-ala-proposal-multi-storey-football-pitches-london/

https://www.dezeen.com/2016/11/29/amanda-levete-ala-proposal-multi-storey-football-pitches-london/

at the University of Stuttgart have a programme dedicated to testing the material’s capabilities.

Achim Menges, an architect and researcher at the school, said that tapping the potential of carbon fibre will revolutionise the construction industry, leading to a fourth industrial revolution.

The 5 a side football , a system with carbon fibre structure mechanism.

https://www.dezeen.com/2016/11/29/amanda-levete-ala-proposal-multi-storey-football-pitches-london/

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https://www.dezeen.com/2016/11/29/amanda-levete-ala-proposal-multi-storey-football-pitches-london/

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Bertino, G. F. (2019). Framework conditions and strategies for pop-up environments in urban planning. Sustainability, 11(24),7204.

Burte, H. (2003). The space of challenge: Reflections upon the relationship between public space and social conflict in contemporary Mumbai.

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Gehl, J. (1987). Life between buildings (Vol. 23).

New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Island Press. https://www.hisour.com/ephemeral-architecture-33950/. (n.d.). History of Ephemeral Architecture.

Rochon, G. (2019). Ephemeral Architecture: A Catalyst for Urban Renewal.

Shroff, K. K. (2015). Spaces for engagement in the city of Mumbai: rethinking parks and public spaces in congested cities. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Yudistira, F. Y. (2019). From rigidity to ephemerality: Architecture as a socio-spatial assemblage of heterogeneous components. A/Z ITU Journal of Faculty of Architecture, 16(3), 115129. https://www.mvd.org/en/prj/add-on-20-hoehenmeter/ https://www.hisour.com/ephemeral-architecture-33950/ http://www.udri.org/wp-content/uploads/Mumbai%20Reader/MR%2010/15%20Sharit%20 K.%20Bhowmik%20-%20Street%20Vendors%20 in%20Mumbai.pdf https://gehlpeople.com/blog/a-living-landscape-1/attachment/life-space-buildings-landscape_borderless/ 84 | Pop-Up Environments And The City Space

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