Technology 02_Sea level rise

Go s fo r d Erina

l

Saratoga

ri

se

Wo y Wo y

Brisbane Wate r

C e n tr a l c o a s t

Se

a

le

ve

B o o k er b a y

S y d ney

LAND7321 Landscape technology 2, Term 1, 2019 Assignment 3. Portfolio of innovative technologies, approaches and materials Ao [Anita] Zhou

C onten t

Chapter 01 / Site In trodu ction

Chapter 02 / De sign strate gies

Chapter 03 / Tec h n ologie s

Chapter 04 / C on clu sion

Chapter 01 | S ite Introduc tion

Context

The Central Coast of NSW is a coastal region and local government area (LGA) stretching from the Hawksbury River in the south, where it borders Sydney, to Lake Macquarie in the north. It is bounded by the Watagan Mountains to the west and the South Pacific Ocean to the east.

The region is known for its striking scenery of waterways and national parks.

It is a large LGA covering 1,681 square kilometres. Our design studio will focus on the Brisbane Water estuary and the string of settlements around it in the southern part of the Central Coast. The study area encompasses the foreshores of Brisbane Water and is defined as the land that is affected by coastal flooding.

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Wa t a g a n M o u n t a i n s

C en t r a l co a s t

S yd n ey

K u -ri n g -g a i C h a s e Na t i o n a l P a r k Fig.01 NSW context map

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Chapter 01 | S ite Introduc tion

Wo y Wo y

We were divided to five groups to discuss different areas within Brisbane Water catchment, there are Gosford, Erina, Saratoga, Booker Bay and Woy Woy. I will focus on Woy Woy area as my study site.

Woy Woy emerges as a part of the vast Sub urban sprawl that caters the Central Coast. This can be reasoned due to the major train line that brings commuters to and from Sydney. It is a dense urban center that stretches from Umina in the south to Ettalong and Blackwall to Woy Woy Bay and Pelican Island in the north. Most of it is on a large peninsula known simply as “the Peninsula� which protrudes from the Peninsula.

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Erina

Go s fo r d

Gr een p o in t B r i s b a n e w a t er Saratoga P el i ca n i s l a n d Woy Woy bay

Wo y Wo y Ettalong

B l a ck w a l l

B o o k er b a y

Um i n a B ea ch

Fig.02 Southern part of Central Coast: Woy woy in Brisbane water context

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Chapter 01 | S ite Introduc tion

Wicked problem - Flooding

Sea le

There are populatio coast line lower tha making t flooding rise.

Existing condition map

100 year flood risk map

1 year ARI

1602 L OT S AFFECT ED Effected lots by flooding

10 year ARI

3042 LO TS AF F E C TE D

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S ea l e v e l r i se f looding

Nuisan ce floo d i n g

A r ea l fl o o d i n g

here are around 85% of Australia opulation lives really close to the oast line. Many of coastal plains are ower than the current high tide level, making them vulnerable to extreme ooding with an increase in sea level se.

When rain water collected in small depressions in the landscape with no where to drain. This takes up to 2-4 days to evaporate into the air or infiltrate into the ground

When salt water from sea level rises seep through the sand dune landscape and pool in the terrain.

S D

100 year ARI

3898 LOTS AFFECTED

100 year ARI + 0.4 SRL

100 year ARI + 0.9 SRL

4965 L OT S AFFECT ED

5398 L OT S AFFECT ED

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Chapter 02 | S trategie s

Demographics Woy Woy holds a current population of 10,642 with 47% male and 53% female.

The median age of the people in Woy Woy (State Suburbs) was 48 years.

Children aged 0 - 14 years made up 15.1% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 28.2% of the population.

Medium age map

Income map

Contour map

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Existing site condition

Sea level rise flooding

Weak west-east linkage

Stormwater

Poor water management

Car dependency

Lack community interaction

Mono industry

Elder people dominated population

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Chapter 02 | S trategie s

Three Scenarios

Scenario 01 - The fort

Scenario 02 - Green jacket

The Fort defends against sea level rise by building a wall to keep the water out. As such, Woy Woy can continue operating as business as usual.

The Green Jacket retreats from sea level rise by density. A green waterfront stops the water from

• Introduction of waste to energy plant to create improve enonomy and supply energy to growingCentral Coast.

•The wall changes the character of amenity by the water. When walking along the wall, users will have an elevated view of the shore.

•Visual connection to water is blocked at the ground level.

•Train station remains in the same location.

• Flood resilient for 50 years.

• Introduction of primary industry in the form o • Increased waterfront recreation area that func • The connection to the water’s edge is slightly buffer.

• Train station is relocated to higher ground.

• Flood resilient for 50 years.

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Scenario 03 - Amphibious living

l rise by relocating the town centre and ater from going further inland.

Amphibious Living adapts to sea level rise with new urban typology that intensifies living next to water.

e form of aquaculture. hat functions as a flood buffer. slightly distanced with a planting

• Introduction of an education and research precinct that focuses on marine ecology and estuarine biodiversity.

• A new typology of waterside living in the form of finger wharf like buildings.

• The connection to the water’s edge is maintained and intensified.

• New mode of transport: water taxi • Flood resilient for 100 years.

und.

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Chapter 02 | S trategie s

Consolidated design

Scenario 02 - Green jacket

+ Scenario 03 - Amphibious living

Te c h n o l o g i

1 2 3

Water sensors

Grasshopper si

Fabricating sys responsive bio-

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logies

nsors

pper simulation

ing system ve bio-system

Outcomes

The new island village are accessible by a new urban pattern and amphibious living lifestyle. The new urban fleet of boats and ferries as well as floating bridges. Farms, office, parks, neighborhoods, campus. Other industry zone will provide areas for salt water farming of shellfish and biofuel.

• New urban pattern • Amphibious living lifestyle • New efficiency transportation • New connection with floating bridges • Introduce Algaculture and biofuel as new industry on the site • Unique water management system • Innovative material - vertical ecosystem

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Chapter 03 | Te chnologies

1 Wa t e r s e n s o r s

+

Grasshopper simulation Where this idea come from?

Fig.01

Fig

Fig.02

Fig

Wetland 880 case study This wetland open space is an elevated 880 freeway. They are proposing to build a responsive wetland system [Fig.01] that can purifies and clean the stormwater water when it flows to the bay. This water will flow through primary, secondary and tertiary treatment cell, which are design for treating specific pollutant types based on water quality sensors. The data will be used to activate the inflatable control dams which are between two treatment cell [Fig.03].

They designed flow pattern for treated fresh water merging into the bay, tidal marsh biodiversity increased when the fresh water meet salt water. [Fig.04]

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Inspired!

How can I use this system in my design?

Fig.03

Fig.04

According to this case study and analysis of my design site. I will use grasshopper to simulate the most efficiency water flow path and calculate how much water will collected in each ‘zones’ through the data collect from the water quality sensors. After that we can design planting plan for each ‘zones’ to stimulate effect of flooding and create new urban farming system for WoyWoy. Based on the flat typology and nuisance flooding in WoyWoy, we can use grasshopper to build a digital model for typology to manipulate how many meters we can elevated on street to avoid flooding or where we can dig ground as a small wetland or water tank for future irrigation. Then we can use water sensor to manage the ‘zones’ including analyzing nutrition, water demand, planting health. People can use APP to manage or control water in the ‘zone’.

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Chapter 03 | Te chnologies

The ‘zones’

Upland

Low land

Marsh buffer

Tidal marsh

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Tita l flat

Shallow bay

lowest observe water level

Tide level

Highest water level

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Chapter 03 | Te chnologies

Innovative material Inflatable / portable rubber weir

Rubber weir Air filled in Water flow

Single anchor

Water filled in

Rubber weir

Water flow

Two anchors

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High-strength s ynthetic fabrics

Resilient to any weather

Flexibility

Water control

Cost effectiveness

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Chapter 03 | Te chnologies

Proposed plan for technology 01 + 02

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Water sensors location and weirs

Data flow ‘Zones’ location Water flow in street

Water will be sensed before entering the system to calculate how much water needed for specified irrigation areas and most efficient path.

Rubber weirs filled with air or water and store water for dry season.

In rain season, it can quickly prevent flooding during high flow Data flow will shared with local residents and also people who travel here. It can provide planting list for education, nutrition table and farm trading event location and date. It can encourage people go out and communicate with each other.

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Chapter 03 | Te chnologies

D

at

a

fl

ow

Impression

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Chapter 03 | Te chnologies

2 Fabricating system responsive bio system Where this idea come from?

EcoLogicStudio

Fig.01

Fig.

The studio focus on the potential of algae. The use microalgae for energy, bio radars and generative agents which is usd for filtering water and making food. The Hortus Paris exhibition [Fig.3&4] presented a responsive bio-architectural hybrid which incorporated micro-algal organisms into an interactive and living environment. The algae canopy[Fig.01] not only provide equivalent with 25 trees oxygen and also provide shelter for people to use.

Fig.03

F

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Inspired!

How can I use this system in my design?

Fig.02 According to this case study and analysis of my design site. I think there are huge potential to development algae system in Woy Woy. I will use algae biomass system relate to water, proposed town center and urban canopy structure create an new amphibious algae system network to create a new living life in WoyWoy and encourage new economy opportunities.

Fig.04

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Chapter 03 | Te chnologies

Proposed Amphibious algae system network

O2

O2

O2

O2 O2

+

Solar energy Algae

+ ETFE cushions

H

O

QR code

+ Algae

CO2

CO2 CO2

Proposed town center

+

CO2

CO2

+

Algae

adaptive and resilient alga cladding

Marina habitat Wa t e r Wa t e r recovery

remove

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p

By

Harvest

Fertilizer

ts

uc

d ro

Introduce multipul age group in woywoy •

Byproducts

Oil extraction Bi

od

Algae research center •

ies

el

+

and algae

Foodspirulina

New industry •

biofuels Algae powered building

•

Life cycle

•

New energy

Vi s i b l e ecological process •

Oyster

Fish

Crayfish

Muscle

Clam

move Nitrogen

Phosphorous

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Chapter 03 | Te chnologies

Innovative material E t h y l e n e Te t r a F l u o r o Ethylene (ETFE)

Sunlight Air

Air

ETFE cushion

Water[stop heat] Air

High translucency fabric less than 1% of the equivalent area of glass Up to 95% of natural light Temperature and strength resistance Man-made material that respects nature

Air

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Algae cladding facades

Fill in algae

Absorbing carbon dioxide Insulate the structure Bioactive facades Recycle energy

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Chapter 03 | Te chnologies

Proposed plan for technology 03

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Alage canopy + ETFE cushion location Proposed bridge s

algae cultivation location Water flow in street

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Chapter 03 | Te chnologies

Impression

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Future city

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Chapter 04 | C onc lusion

In conclusion what I found...

1

3

Water sensors

+ Grasshopper simulation

+

Technologies

2

Algae

CO2

ecological s loop Consumption

Fabricating system responsive bio-system Biofuel

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Algae

gical system loop

O2

Algae harvest

Energy

All the technologies been used and design strategies are aim to create a life circle to WoyWoy. The new island village are accessible by a new urban pattern and amphibious living lifestyle. The flooding will be collected by the ‘zones’ and reuse it for irrigation and urban agriculture. In the town center, will have algae powered medium density building to reuse the energy as well as provide visible ecological process interaction.

ofuel

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References Books • Cantrell, B. & Holzman, J., 2016. Responsive landscapes : strategies for responsive technologies in landscape architecture First., New York, NY: Routledge.

• Margolis, L., 2007. Living systems : innovative materials and technologies for landscape architecture, Basel ; Boston: Birkhäuser.

Web Sites / Electronic PDFs • ‘Wetland 880’ Responsive Landscapes website < http://responsivelandscapes.com/2013/12/09/wetland-880-a-pollution-treatment-approach/> • ‘Making Ground / Farming Water, Corte Madera, CA’ TLC Landscape Architecture website <http://tlslandarch.com/portfolio_page/making-ground-farming-water/> • ‘Oyster-tecture, Brooklyn NY’ SCAPE studio website <https://www.scapestudio.com/projects/oyster-tecture/> • ‘Sydeny context map’ Simply road. Every Road <https://routelines.com/> • ‘INTERNI-EXPO’ EcoLogicStudio website <http://www.ecologicstudio.com>