The Inhabitable Void

THE INHABITABLE VOID ANTONIA STANEV, 20509801

Beyond the forest in Noboribetsu, rests a spa dug into the mountain, undefined by time, it seems to have been standing there forever but one can’t be sure. Visitors bathe in the hot mountain water and breathe in the mountain air, immersed in a curated ritualistic sequence of bathing, dining and relaxing in the landscape. The monolith mass is carved on the inside, the voids becoming inhabitable spaces. As the spa progresses towards the river it becomes lighter, more is carved away from its heaviness, until the only indication of its presence is a column, a stair or remnants of a wall guiding one to the entrance. Space extends, contracts, expands, narrows, constricts, widens and straightens. To fully create the right atmosphere to emerse one into this experience, a large spectrum of climates occur within the long building, progressing from outdoor open spaces to fully enclosed conditioned spaces, to spaces that change in climate depending on the time of day. The natural environment is enhanced in certain spaces while comfort takes over in others. Openings and framed views to the landscape become important as one travels deeper into the building, and light becomes more and more scarce. The light is as important of an element as the wall, guiding one through the building, and instilling an otherwordly feeling to the spa. Chthonic.

PARTI DIAGRAMS //LOUIS KAHN AND THE SCOTTISH CASTLE

KAHN’S SKETCH PLAN STUDY TRIM CASTLE

KAHN’S SKETCH PLAN STUDY ORFORD CASTLE

KAHN’S SECTION STUDY

CONCEPT DIAGRAMS

FROM THE EARTH

MASSING

Inspired by the volcanic rocks and mountainous landscapes in Noboribetsu, the spa is born from large monolothic stones.

The spa takes a simple form, setting up an enfilade, a sequence of experiences towards the river.

CARVE THE EXPERIENCE

LAYERS OF DISINTEGRATION AND LIGHT

The mass is carved out to create inhabitable spaces within the stone, shaped for directional purposes, light penetration and use.

As the building becomes lighter, and extends towards the river, its components break apart becoming fragments interwoven in the landscape.

PROGRAM 1. OUTER VESTIBULE 2. RECEPTION 3. LOUNGE/GATHERING SPACE 4. INNER VESITBULE 5. CHANGING ROOMS 6. TEPIDARIUM 7. CALDARIUM 1 8. SUDATORIUM 9. FRIGIDARIUM 10. CALDARIUM 2 11. KITCHEN 12. STORAGE 13. OFFICE 14. GREENHOUSE 15. LODGE MANAGER 16.POTTERER STUDIO 17. ACCOMODATIONS 18. LAUNDRY ROOM 19. W/C AND SHOWERS 20. CISTERN 21. POTTERER’S GARDEN 22. ELECTRICAL ROOM 23. MAINTENANCE ROOM 24. WASTE MANAGEMENT ROOM 25. MECHANICAL ROOM

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FLOOR PLAN 1:100

SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES Winter Solstice 70 degrees

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WIND EXPOSURE

SUN ORIENTATION

RAIN HARVESTING

EARTH SHELTERING

The building is positioned to avoid high winds, minimizing the facades directly facing strong winds and burying them in the hill of the site. The buildings against the hill are protected by the main building. The minimal exposure to the cold winds of the region and the hill protection reduces air infiltration within the building, and the hill helps reduce the amount of warm air escaping from the inside spaces. The main building is long and narrow, encouraging cross ventilation and air flow from its east and west sides.

The east and the west facades of the building are maximized, as a passive solar heating strategy, since the site’s south side is blocked by the mountain hill. Direct sunlight is of low intensity due to the forest surrounding the building. The sunlight enters the building all year round, though wall openings and skylights.

The baths are made of volcanic rock and concrete, materials chosen for their thermal mass, capturing solar heat during the day and releasing it at night to maintain a comfortable environment.

The building roofs slope in two directions (South East), one towards the hillside and the other towards the east, in order to collect rainwater into the cistern, and to be used as part of the building’s water supply. The natural slope inclination of the ground is used to direct water without much energy consumption used for pumping the rainwater through the site.

The building takes advantage of the hillside of the site in order to bury the south walls into it, anchoring the spa into the mountain.

This is a passive technique known as earth sheltering, using the earth’s thermal mass for the retaining and transferring of heat and maintaining a stable comfortable indoor environment, with reduced heat loss and energy consumption for heating and cooling.

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AXONOMETRIC NTS

The baths are a story of light. The visitor is welcomed by the sacred light from the central space, a celebration of light, the soul of the project.

The baths, open to the elements, are heavy in mass, primordial, their darkness emphasized by the scarce cutting light. At certain points in the baths, one cannot see beyond their immediate surroundings due to the darkness. These moments are about immersing one in the present, the moment is framed. Heavy walls and ceilings are made weightless by light. Light is used to structure the day to day life of the visitors and bathers in the spa. In the accomodations one is woken up by the sun streaming through the roof skylight. In the baths, light guides the bather to the next space.

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FACADE CONCEPT

VIEW IN THE CENTRAL SPACE

VIEW FROM THE ACCOMODATIONS

PLAN DETAIL 1:50

EAST ELEVATION 1:100

Annual Energy Use Estimate Report Summary Antonia Stanev

Project Designer

20509801

Student ID Number 811 m2 1014 m2 4000 m2

Total Net Floor Area Total Gross Floor Area Site Area

Estimated Total Annual Energy Use Energy Use by End-Use Space Heating Space Cooling Ventilation Water Heating Plug and Process Lighting Renewable Energy Generation

Window-to-Wall Ratio 0,40 Floor Area to Enclosure Ratio 0,71 Window Spec: U-value = 0.45 SHGC = 0.3 Daylight Fraction 0,14

108079 ekWh 15375 1268 6031 23767 1161 60478 0

Energy Use by End-Use Table

kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh

Space Cooling 1% Space Heating 14%

107 ekWh/m /year 107 ekWh/m /year

Energy Use Intensity (EUI)

2

EUI with Renewable Energy

Lighting 56%

Water Heating 22%

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Estimated Global Warming Potential Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Equivalent to CO2 emissions from

32 73 17326 34,1

kg kg kg cars

Ventilation 6%

Plug and Process 1%

EUI (kWh/m2/yr)

Energy Use Intensity Comparisons

500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

482

Average Ontario Office Building [1] Average Ontario Cultural Industry [1]

395

Current Practice - Good [2] Current Practice - Better

275

Current Practice - Best Antonia Stanev's Project

200 125

158 107

118

Architecture 2030 Target - Today [3]

79

Architecture 2030 Target - 2015

39

Architecture 2030 Target - 2020

0

Architecture 2030 Target - 2025 Architecture 2030 Target - 2030

Notes: [1] EUI for Average Canadian Office Building is from Natural Resources Canada "Commercial and Institutional Building Energy Use Survey 2000" [2] EUI for Good, Better and Best Current Practice is based on current experience for this building type [3] More information about the Architecture 2030 Challenge can be found at http://architecture2030.org/

A LOOK AT THE ONDOL HEATING SYSTEM

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ONDOL AXONOMETRIC

1. Ah-goong-ee (Fire Pit) 2. Gorae- Route of Heat Flow 3. Gudeul- Floor, stores heat and releases it 4. Gaejeri- Deep channels that slow down the heat flow and prevent a backflow 5. Gultuk- Chimneys pulling out the smoke

VIEW OF THE BATHING JOURNEY

ONDOL SECTIONS

Ondol heating is a traditional korean heating system, of fire generated heat flowing beneath the floor. The chimneys are located at the opposite end of the fire pit, creating enough air pressure for the air and smoke to flow beneath the floor and outside. The temperature of the floor is stabilized by the concrete and ceramic tiles laid across the space. Heat is retained in the gathering space after the cooking in the kitchen is finished, keeping a comfortable temperature in the gathering space long after the meal. The smoke channels are spaced between concrete footings at every 3m, providing structural support for the walls and floor. This spacing allows for any additional systems needed to be run under the floor such as piping for water, to be placed in one of these channels.

FACADE DETAIL 1:50

SOUTH SECTION 1:100

CROSS SECTION/TEPIDARIUM AND SUDATORIUM 1:100

VIEW THROUGH THE GREENHOUSE ON A WINTER DAY

CROSS SECTION/ONDOL CHIMNEY 1:100

EAST SECTION 1:100

CONCRETE STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS Structural Glazing Skylight Roof Assembly: 25mm large format cementitious roof Water barrier 250mm reinforced concrete NOTE: Roof tiles are introduced to hide the draining system of the roof and the skylight. A seamless look is desired.

Gutter System Foam Glass Insulation Light Gauge Z ceiling furring

NOTE: CONDITIONED LIVING SPACE

Lateral Load Steel Anchor Acting as a structural member connection, supporting the concrete tiles from gravity loads of the sloped roof. The anchor attaches the concrete tiles to the concrete roof.

Triple Glazing with Argon Fill Wall Assembly: 250mm Reinforced Concrete

Concrete Sill

Water Vapour Barrier 850mm Foam Glass Insulation Steel Framing 850mm Air Space 13mm Plasterboard

Floor Assembly: 30mm Polished Concrete Floor Hydronic Tubes 250mm Reinforced Concrete 500mm Rigid Foam Insulation Steel Furring Channels 13mm Plasterboard

2 piece Adjustable Veneer Ties These ties provide a connection for the volcanic rock in the baths to the reinforced concrete wall.

They also transfer lateral loads as well as permit in-plane movement to accommodate differential movement.

NOTE: UNCONDITIONED WORK SPACE, UNINSULATED

Shear Load Connector Drainage Board

The shear load connectors are introduced between walls and slabs in order to transfer loads and allow for movement at the connection joints.

Water Vapour Barrier Gravel/Hardcore Backill Wood Blocks 550mm Soldier Piles at 2240mm O.C Insulation Layer Earth

Weeping Tile 500mmx 1500mm Reinforced Concrete Footing

EXTERIOR VIEW OF WALKWAY TO THE CENTRAL SPACE ARTIST STUDIO WALL DETAIL 1:20

NORTH ELEVATION 1:100