Test Bank For World Criminal Justice Systems, 10E By Richard J. Terrill
Chapter 1-7
INTRODUCTION World Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey is designed to introduce students to some select foreign criminal justice systems in the world. The countries included for study in six of the chapters are: England, France, Japan, South Africa, Russia, and China. A final chapter focuses on Islamic law and features the countries of Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey. While it is not necessary for a student to have an extensive understanding of criminal justice, this text assumes some familiarity with the criminal justice system of the United States. This kind of background should facilitate the student achieving the objectives from reading this book that are listed below. When students complete this book, they should be able to: 1. Recognize the basic governmental structure of each country and its relationship to the criminal justice system. 2. Appreciate the manner in which the justice system of each country has emerged historically. 3. Identify the major components of the criminal justice system of each country. 4. Comprehend the similarities and differences in how each country organizes and administers its justice system. 5. Distinguish the roles that the various practitioners play in each country’s justice system. 6. Understand the similarities and differences in how each country perceives the nature of law and the application of legal procedures in the criminal justice process. 7. Discern some of the critical issues that the criminal justice system of each country is confronting. 8. Consider how authoritarian governments have employed agents of their criminal justice system to facilitate their political agenda. For those instructors who have designed their comparative course to include a research component, the bibliography in the back of the book should prove useful for identifying both general books of a comparative or international nature and specific books that deal with the countries covered in the text. The bibliography also identifies journals that publish articles on comparative or international topics. Finally, most countries in the text have internet sites that should facilitate research projects.
CHAPTER 1: ENGLAND
True/False Questions 1.
Great Britain is a federated country consisting of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. F
2.
Like the United States, England has a written constitution. F
3.
A large part of English constitutional law is based on statutes passed in Parliament. T
4.
The English Act of Settlement (1700) assured judges permanent tenure in office based on good behavior. T
5.
Parliament exercises supreme legal authority in England. T
6.
The Human Rights Act (1998) enables English courts to rule on whether a statute passed in Parliament is unconstitutional. F
7.
England follows the constitutional principle of separation of powers in the same manner as the United States. F
8.
Until 2009, the oldest common law court in England was Parliament. T
9.
The Constitutional Reform Act (2005) establishes the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. T
10.
The English tithing was based on principles of self-help and collective responsibility. T
11.
The home secretary influences the management of police forces in England through the issuance of administrative circulars. T
12.
By law, English police have the right to join a labor union. F
13.
Until the creation of the Crown Prosecutor Service, the English police conducted the prosecution of many minor offenses. T
14.
English police are legally accountable to the municipality they serve. F
15.
The English have a multiple-level entry scheme to the police service. F
16.
In England, police consultative committees have been created to improve police and citizen attitudes toward one another. T
17.
Legal scholars are generally in agreement that the founder of the English common law was King Henry II. T
18.
When grand juries were first created in England, the jurors were presumed to have personal knowledge of the case. T
19.
In England, the Lord Chancellor is also the Minister of Justice. T
20.
The Solicitor General is the titular head of the bar of England and Wales. F
21.
English Crown courts have exclusive jurisdiction for all major criminal cases. T
22.
The Prosecution of Offenses Act (1985) removed the authority to prosecute cases from the police and established an independent prosecutor service in England. T
23.
To appeal to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, a litigant must generally seek permission from the Court of Appeal. T
24.
Appeals to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom are limited to cases designed to impose a federal standard on a lower court. F
25.
English circuit judges preside over cases in Crown courts. T
26.
Recorders are part-time judges in England who preside over cases in magistrates’ courts. F
27.
England’s Criminal Law Act (1967) abolished the distinctions between felonies and misdemeanors. T
28.
In England, when a criminal case is tried summarily, the outcome will be determined without a jury. T
29.
Most magistrates serving in England’s magistrates’ courts are lay people. T
30.
King’s Counsel refers to people trained in law who advise the English royal family. F
31.
To be appointed a judge in England, a person must undergo a confirmation hearing in the House of Commons. F
32.
People accused of an indictable offense in England have a right to a jury trial in a Crown court. T
33.
English judges perceive their role to be that of applying existing law rather than creating new law. T
34.
Gender discrimination does not exist within the English judiciary because women are well represented on the Court of Appeal and the High Court. F
35.
The ordeals were based on a belief that a court would be guided by a sign that would determine the guilt or innocence of a suspect. T
36.
In England, if the police want to detain a suspect for more than 36 hours, they must seek the approval of a magistrate. T
37.
While a person held for questioning in England has access to a telephone, the police can listen to the contents of all calls. F
38.
Like the United States, the English have established a public defender system. F
39.
While the use of peremptory challenges has been eliminated in England, the defense and prosecution have an unlimited number of challenges for cause. T
40.
Plea bargaining is illegal in England. F
41.
More than 90 percent of all criminal cases in England are handled in magistrates’ courts. T
42.
Victim support schemes in England have been instrumental in protecting children by allowing them to give evidence through closed-circuit television. T
43.
All disciplinary hearings for a prisoner in an English prison are subject to judicial review. F
44.
The English Prison Service has been totally privatized. F
45.
In England, breaches of prison discipline that are considered serious are adjudicated by an independent monitoring board. F
46.
English probation officers view themselves primarily as officers of the court. F
47.
The Prisons and Probation Ombudsman of England is the final source of appeal for inmates who have been disciplined within the prison system. T
48.
An English youth court has original criminal jurisdiction over all offenses involving people under 20 years of age. F
49.
In England, a detention order is primarily designed for young offenders who have a history of reoffending or represent a high risk of reoffending. T
50.
The Royal Commission on Criminal Justice was established in 1991 to consider the effectiveness of the English justice system. T
Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
The significance of Magna Carta (1215) is that it: a. introduced jury trials b. allowed all men over 21 the right to vote c. explained the rights and privileges of the upper class * d. abolished trial by ordeal
2.
The English Bill of Rights (1688) assured: a. the election of members to Parliament b. that excessive bail or fines should not be imposed c. that law could not be created without the consent of Parliament d. all of these *
3.
The supreme legal authority in England is: a. the Lord Chancellor b. the prime minister c. Parliament * d. the Monarch
4.
The British constitution consists of: a. statute law b. precedent c. tradition d. all of these *
5.
The most important component of the English Parliament is: a. the House of Lords b. the House of Commons * c. the Monarch d. the prime minister
6.
The English legislation that established the notion that policing was a shared responsibility between the central government and local communities was: a. the Justices of the Peace Act (1327)