Test Bank for Calculus Early Transcendentals 9th Edition by James Stewart, Daniel K. Clegg, Saleem W

Test Bank for Calculus Early Transcendentals 9th Edition by James Stewart, Daniel K. Clegg, Saleem Watson, Lothar Redlin Chapter 1-17 + Final Exam 1.1 Four Ways to Represent a Function 1. The graphs of f(x) and g(x) are given. For what values of x is f(x) = g(x)?

a. 2, 3 b. 0 c. –1 d. –2, 5 e. –2, 10 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.4b SCalc7e 1.1.4b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.12 - Express a function numerically, given its verbal, algebraic,or graphical representation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/24/2020 9:14 AM 2. Which of the following functions is neither even nor odd?

a.

b. c.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.78 SCalc7e 1.1.78 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.04.03 - Determine if a function is odd or even algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2021 10:52 AM 3. If the point

is on the graph of an even function, what other point must also be on the graph?

a. b. c. (0, 0) d. e. None of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.71a SCalc7e 1.1.71a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.04.05 - Describe the symmetry present in the graph of an even function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 2:43 AM

4. If

, evaluate the difference quotient a. 2a + h – 8 b. 2a – 8

.

c. 2a – h – 8 d. h e. none of these ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.28 SCalc7e 1.1.28 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.08 - Evaluate functions for given values of the independent variable.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 2:48 AM 5. A box with an open top is to be constructed from a rectangular piece of card board with

dimensions b = 6 in. by a = 25 in. by cutting out equal squares of side x at each corner and then folding up the sides as in the figure.

Express the volume V of the box as a function of x.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.63 SCalc7e 1.1.63 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

OTHER: Bimodal

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 7/20/2015 1:44 PM 2/10/2020 1:32 AM

6. Find an expression for the function y = f(x) whose graph is the bottom half of the parabola

. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.53 SCalc7e 1.1.53 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 3:39 AM 7. A rectangle has perimeter 14 m. Express the area of the rectangle as a function A(l) of the length

l of one of its sides. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.57 SCalc7e 1.1.57 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 3:44 AM

8. If

, find and simplify

, where h ≠ 0.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.27 SCalc7e 1.1.27 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.08 - Evaluate functions for given values of the independent variable.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 3:59 AM DNAsequencing,biochemicalanalysis,andcomputationalbiology.**CurrentChallengesandFrontiers**:Discussiononcontemporarychallengesfacingbiology,such asemerginginfectiousdiseases,climatechangeimpacts,biodiversityloss,andtheapplicationofbiotechnologicalinnovations.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thech apterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsdiscussed,reinforcingthefoundationalprinciplesofbiologyandpreparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationinsubsequent chapters.Chapter1of"EssentialsofBiology"aimstoprovidestudentswithacomprehensiveintroductiontothescientificstudyoflife,emphasizingitsbreadth,significance ,andrelevanceinunderstandingthenaturalworldandaddressingglobalchallenges.Itsetsthestagefordeeperexplorationintobiologicalconceptsandprinciplescovere dthroughoutthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter1,feelfreetoask!Chapter2Chapter2of"E ssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheChemicalBasisofLife,"typicallydelvesintothefoundationalprinciplesofchemistryastheyrelatetobiologicalsystems.Her e’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoBiochemistry**:Definitionofbiochemistryasthebranchofchemistryconcernedwiththechemicalprocessesandsubstancesthat occurwithinlivingorganisms.**ElementsandAtoms**:Explanationofbasicchemicalelementsessentialtolife,theiratomicstructure(protons,neutrons,electrons),andhowatomscombinetoform molecules.**ChemicalBonds**:Discussionondifferenttypesofchemicalbonds(covalent,ionic,hydrogenbonds)andtheirroleinholdingatomstogetherinmoleculesandcompounds.**Properties ofWater**:Explorationofwaterasapolarmolecule,itsuniqueproperties(highcohesion,adhesion,surfacetension,highspecificheatcapacity),anditsimportanceinbiologicalsystems.**Acids,Bas es,andpH**:Definitionofacidsandbases,theirroleinchemicalreactions,andtheconceptofpHasameasureofhydrogenionconcentration.ImportanceofpHregulationinbiologicalprocesses.**Org anicMolecules**:Introductiontoorganicmoleculesessentialforlife,includingcarbohydrates,lipids,proteins,andnucleicacids.Structure,function,andbiologicalsignificanceofeachgroupofmolec ules.**Carbohydrates**:Structureofcarbohydrates(monosaccharides,disaccharides,polysaccharides),theirrolesasenergysourcesandstructuralcomponentsincells.**Lipids**:Classification oflipids(fats,phospholipids,steroids),theirstructure,functions(energystorage,cellmembranes),androlesinbiologicalprocesses.**Proteins**:Structureofproteins(aminoacids,primary,second ary,tertiary,andquaternarystructure),functions(enzymes,structuralproteins,antibodies),andproteinsynthesis.**NucleicAcids**:Structureandfunctionofnucleicacids(DNAandRNA),includin gnucleotidestructure,DNAreplication,transcription,andtranslation.**EnzymesandCatalysis**:Roleofenzymesasbiologicalcatalysts,enzymesubstrateinteractions,enzymespecificity,factorsinfluencingenzymeactivity,andregulationofenzymefunction.**EnergyandMetabolism**:Overviewofenergytransformationsinbiologicalsyste ms,includinganintroductiontometabolism,energycarriers(ATP),andmetabolicpathways(e.g.,glycolysis,Krebscycle).**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryof keyconceptsrelatedtothechemicalbasisoflife,reinforcingunderstandingofthefoundationalprinciplesofbiochemistryandtheirsignificanceinbiologicalprocesses.Chapter2providesacomprehe nsiveintroductiontothechemicalfoundationsthatunderpinbiologicalsystems.Itestablishesacrucialunderstandingofhowchemicalprinciplesgovernthestructure,function,andinteractionsofbiol ogicalmoleculesessentialforlife.Thisknowledgeservesasabasisforfurtherexplorationintocellularprocesses,genetics,andphysiologicalmechanismscoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetext book.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter2,feelfreetoask!Chapter3Chapter3of"EssentialsofBiology"byS ylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheOrganicMoleculesofLife,"focusesspecificallyonthemajorclassesoforganicmoleculesessentialforbiologicalsystems.Here’sanoverviewofwh atyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoOrganicMolecules**:Definitionoforganicmoleculesandtheirimportanceasthebuildingblocksoflife.Overviewofthemajorclassesoforganicmolecul es:carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,andnucleicacids.**Carbohydrates**:Detailedexplorationofcarbohydrates,including:**Monosaccharides**:Structure(e.g.,glucose,fructose),functionasene rgysources,androlesincellularprocesses.**Disaccharides**:Formationfrommonosaccharides(e.g.,sucrose,lactose)andbiologicalsignificance.**Polysaccharides**:Structure(e.g.,starch,gl ycogen,cellulose),functionasenergystorage(starch,glycogen)andstructuralsupport(cellulose).**Lipids**:Examinationoflipids,including:**FatsandOils**:Structure(triglycerides),functionas energystorageandinsulation.**Phospholipids**:Structure,roleincellmembranes(phospholipidbilayer),andamphipathicnature.**Steroids**:Structure(e.g.,cholesterol),rolesashormones(e.g .,estrogen,testosterone)andmembranecomponents.**Proteins**:In-depthcoverageofproteins,including:**AminoAcids**:Structureofaminoacids,classification(essentialvs.non-

9. Find the domain and sketch the graph of the function. What is its range?

a. D: (–∞, ∞); R: [–2, ∞)

b. D: (–∞, ∞); R: (–∞, 0]

c. D: (–∞, ∞); R: [0, ∞)

d. D: (–∞, ∞); R: (–∞, ∞)

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.49 SCalc7e 1.1.49 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Define range of a function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/25/2020 12:34 AM 10. Determine whether the function whose graph is given is even, odd, or neither.

a. Even b. Neither c. Odd ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.69 SCalc7e 1.1.69 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.04.04 - Determine if a function is odd or even graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 8:06 AM 11. Sandy wishes to have a rectangular garden in her backyard. She has 50 ft of fencing with which

to enclose her garden. Letting x denote the width of the garden, find a function f in the variable x that gives the area of the garden.

a. f(x) = 50x – x2, 0 < x < 25 b. f(x) = 25x – x2, 0 < x < 25 c. f(x) = 50x – x2, 0 < x < 50

d. f(x) = 25x – x2, 0 < x < 50 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.62 SCalc7e 1.1.62 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 4:17 AM

12. The graph of the function f is given. State the value of f(2.7).

a. f(2.7) = –40 b. f(2.7) = –10 c. f(2.7) = 40 d. f(2.7) = 0 e. f(2.7) = 10 c ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.3b SCalc7e 1.1.3b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Identify the value of a function from its graph.

KEYWORDS: OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7ET Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 7/20/2015 1:44 PM 2/25/2020 12:37 AM

tiary,quaternary)andfactorsinfluencingproteinfolding.**ProteinFunctions**:Rolesofproteinsasenzymes(catalysts),structuralcomponents(e.g.,collagen,keratin),antibodies,trans portproteins,andhormones.**NucleicAcids**:Explorationofnucleicacids,focusingon:**DNA**:Structure(doublehelix),nucleotidecomponents(adenine,thymine,cytosine,guanine) ,andfunctionasgeneticmaterial,replication,andinheritance.**RNA**:TypesofRNA(messengerRNA,transferRNA,ribosomalRNA),rolesinproteinsynthesis(transcription,translatio n),andgeneexpressionregulation.**ChemicalDiversityandFunctionality**:Discussiononthechemicaldiversitywithineachclassoforganicmoleculesandtheirdiversefunctionsincellul arprocesses,metabolism,andmaintaininghomeostasis.**InteractionsandBiologicalSignificance**:Emphasisoninteractionsbetweendifferentclassesoforganicmoleculesandtheiri ntegrationintocomplexbiologicalsystemstosupportlifeprocesses.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtotheorganicmolecul esoflife,reinforcingunderstandingoftheirstructures,functions,androlesinbiologicalprocesses.Chapter3providesacomprehensiveoverviewoftheorganicmoleculesessentialforlife,l ayingthegroundworkforunderstandingtheirbiochemicalproperties,biologicalfunctions,andcontributionstocellularandorganismalbiology.Itservesasacrucialfoundationforfurthere xplorationintocellularstructureandfunction,genetics,andphysiologicalmechanismscoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetop icsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter3,feelfreetoask!Chapter4:InsidetheCellChapter4of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWinde lspecht,titled"InsidetheCell,"typicallyfocusesonthestructureandfunctionsofcells,whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**Introductiont oCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,theirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,i ncluding:**CellMembrane**:Structure,composition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspendedwi thin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,ribosomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchas mitochondria,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgiapparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures,e mphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularprocesses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellularcomponentsand organellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.**CellularTransport**:Mechani smsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps,carrierproteins,endocytosis,exocytosis.**BulkTrans port**:Phagocytosis,pinocytosis.**CellCommunication**:Overviewofcellularcommunicationprocesses,including:**ReceptorProteins**:Recognitionofsignalingmolecules(ligands) .**SignalTransduction**:Transmissionofsignalswithincells(e.g.,secondmessengers).**CellSignalingPathways**:Examplesofsignalingpathways(e.g.,hormonesignaling,neurotra nsmission).**CellCycleandCellDivision**:Phasesofthecellcycle(interphase,mitosis,cytokinesis)andtheirregulation.Importanceofcelldivisioningrowth,repair,andreproduction.**Ca ncerandCellRegulation**:Introductiontocancerasuncontrolledcellgrowthanddivision.Causesofcancer(mutations,environmentalfactors),mechanismsoftumorformation,andappro achestocancertreatment.**StemCellsandRegenerativeMedicine**:Overviewofstemcells,theirproperties(pluripotent,multipotent),andpotentialapplicationsinregenerativemedici neandresearch.**MicroscopyandCellVisualization**:Techniquesandtypesofmicroscopyusedtostudycells,includinglightmicroscopy,electronmicroscopy,andfluorescencemicros copy.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtocellstructure,function,andorganization,reinforcingunderstandingofcellularbiol ogyfundamentals.Chapter4providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthestructureandfunctionsofcells,highlightingtheircomplexityandorganizationatthemicroscopiclevel.Itservesa safoundationalchapterinunderstandinghowcellularstructuresandprocessescontributetothefunctioningoforganismsandecosystems.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthese topicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter4,feelfreetoask!Chapter5Chapter5of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titl ed"TheDynamicCell,"typicallyexploresthedynamicprocessesandactivitiesthatoccurwithincells.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularDyna mics**:Definitionofcellulardynamicsandanoverviewofthedynamicprocessesthatoccurwithincellstomaintainlifeandrespondtoenvironmentalchanges.**EnergyTransformations**: Explorationofcellularenergyprocesses,including:**CellularRespiration**:Overviewofaerobicandanaerobicrespiration,includingglycolysis,Krebscycle,andoxidativephosphorylati on(electrontransportchain).**Photosynthesis**:Overviewofphotosyntheticprocessesinplantsandalgae,includinglightreactionsandCalvincycle.**MetabolicPathways**:Detailede xaminationofmetabolicpathwayswithincells,including:**CatabolicPathways**:Breakdownofmolecules(e.g.,glucose)toreleaseenergy.**AnabolicPathways**:Synthesisofmolecul es(e.g.,proteins,lipids)usingenergy.**CellularRespiration**:Explanationoftheprocessofcellularrespiration,focusingontheconversionofglucoseandoxygenintoATP,carbondioxide, andwater.IncludesdiscussionontheroleofmitochondriainATPproduction.**Photosynthesis**:Overviewofphotosynthesisastheprocessbywhichplantsandotherorganismsconvertli ghtenergyintochemicalenergy(glucose),releasingoxygenasabyproduct.Includesdiscussiononchloroplaststructureandfunction.**CellularTransport**:Furtherexplorationofcellula rtransportmechanismsintroducedinChapter4,includingactivetransport,passivetransport(diffusion,osmosis),andbulktransport(endocytosis,exocytosis).**CellularMovementand Cytoskeleton**:Roleofthecytoskeleton(microtubules,actinfilaments,intermediatefilaments)incellularstructure,movement,andsupport.Includesdiscussiononcellmotilityandcellsh apechanges.**CellularCommunication**:ExpandeddiscussiononcellsignalingprocessesintroducedinChapter4,includingsignalreception,transductionpathways,andcellularresp onsestoenvironmentalsignals(e.g.,hormones,neurotransmitters).**CellularRegulationandHomeostasis**:Mechanismsbywhichcellsmaintaininternalbalanceandrespondtochan gesintheirenvironment.Includesdiscussiononfeedbackmechanisms,regulatoryproteins,andcellularadaptation.**CellularReproduction**:Overviewofcelldivisionprocesses,includi ngmitosisandmeiosis,andtheirrolesingrowth,repair,andreproduction.Includesdiscussiononcellcyclecheckpointsandregulatorymechanisms.**EmergingTopicsinCellularBiology* *:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsincellularbiology,suchasstemcellresearch,cellularreprogramming,andsyntheticbiology.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**: Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtocellulardynamics,reinforcingunderstandingofthedynamicprocessesthatoccurwithincellsandtheirimportanceinmaint aininglife.Chapter5providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthedynamicprocesseswithincells,highlightingtheircomplexityandinterconnectedness.Itbuildsuponthefoundationalkno wledgeofcellstructure(coveredinChapter4)andpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintogenetics,cellularspecialization,andphysiologicalmechanismscoveredinsubsequentch aptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter5,feelfreetoask!Chapter6:EnergyforL ifeChapter6of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EnergyforLife,"typicallyfocusesonthefundamentalprinciplesofenergyflowandmetabolismwith inbiologicalsystems.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEnergyandMetabolism**:Definitionofmetabolismasthesumofallchemicalreactionsoccur ringinanorganismtomaintainlife.Introductiontoenergytransformationsandtheirimportanceincellularprocesses.**FormsofEnergy**:Explorationofdifferentformsofenergyrelevantto biologicalsystems,includingchemicalenergy(storedinbondsofmoleculeslikeATP),kineticenergy,andpotentialenergy.**FirstandSecondLawsofThermodynamics**:Explanationoft helawsofthermodynamicsastheyapplytobiologicalsystems:**FirstLaw**:Conservationofenergy.**SecondLaw**:Increaseinentropy(disorder)overtime.Applicationoftheselawstou nderstandenergyflowandtransformationsincells.**EnergyCurrencyofCells:ATP**:DetailedexaminationofATP(adenosinetriphosphate)astheprimaryenergycarriermoleculeincell s.Structure,function(energytransfer),andregenerationofATPthroughcellularrespirationandphotosynthesis.**CellularRespiration**:IndepthcoverageofcellularrespirationastheprocessbywhichcellsharvestenergyfromglucoseandotherorganicmoleculestoproduceATP.Includes:**Glycolysis**:Breakdownofgluco seintopyruvate,withnetproductionofATPandNADH.**KrebsCycle(CitricAcidCycle)**:Furtherbreakdownofpyruvatetogenerateelectroncarriers(NADH,FADH2).**ElectronTransp ortChain**:Finalstageofaerobicrespiration,whereelectroncarriersdonateelectronstogenerateATPviaoxidativephosphorylation.**AnaerobicRespirationandFermentation**:Overv iewofanaerobicpathways(e.g.,fermentation)asalternativemechanismsforATPproductionintheabsenceofoxygen.Comparisontoaerobicrespirationintermsofefficiencyandendpro ducts.**Photosynthesis**:Recapitulationofphotosynthesisastheprocessbywhichplants,algae,andsomebacteriaconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy(glucose)andoxygen.Inclu des:**LightReactions**:Conversionoflightenergytochemicalenergy(ATP,NADPH).**CalvinCycle(DarkReactions)**:Incorporationofcarbondioxideintoorganicmolecules(sugars ynthesis).**MetabolicPathways**:Integrationofmetabolicpathwayswithincellstosupportgrowth,maintenance,andreproduction.Discussiononcatabolicandanabolicpathways,ene rgycoupling,andregulationofmetabolicactivity.**EnergyandHomeostasis**:Importanceofenergybalanceandhomeostasisinmaintainingcellularfunctionandoverallorganismalheal th.Roleoffeedbackmechanismsandmetabolicregulationinrespondingtoenergyneeds.**MetabolicAdaptationsandRegulation**:Examplesofmetabolicadaptationsinresponsetoen vironmentalchanges,dietaryintake,andphysiologicaldemands.Regulationofmetabolicpathwaysthroughenzymeactivityandgeneexpression.**EmergingTopicsinEnergyMetaboli sm**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinenergymetabolism,suchasmetabolicdisorders,metabolicengineering,andbiofuels.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**: Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoenergyforlife,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciplesgoverningenergyflowandmetabolisminbiologicalsystems.Ch apter6providesacomprehensiveexplorationofenergymetabolismwithincells,highlightingtheinterconnectedpathwaysandregulatorymechanismsthatsustainlife.Itbuildsuponthefo undationalknowledgeofcellulardynamicsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintophysiologicalmechanisms,genetics,andecologicalinteractionscoveredinsubsequentcha ptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter6,feelfreetoask!Chapter7:EnergyforC ellsChapter7of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EnergyforCells,"typicallydelvesintothemechanismsbywhichcellsacquireandutilizeenergyfor theirvariousfunctions.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularEnergy**:Overviewoftheimportanceofenergyforcellularprocesses,growth,and maintenanceofhomeostasis.**CellularRespiration**:Detailedexplorationofcellularrespirationastheprocessbywhichcellsconvertchemicalenergy(glucose)intoATP,theuniversalen ergycurrencyofcells.Thissectiontypicallycovers:**Glycolysis**:Breakdownofglucoseintopyruvate,withthenetproductionofATPandNADH.**KrebsCycle(CitricAcidCycle)**:Furthe rbreakdownofpyruvateinthemitochondriatogenerateelectroncarriers(NADH,FADH2)andCO2.**ElectronTransportChain(ETC)**:Finalstageofaerobicrespiration,whereelectronc arriersdonateelectronstogenerateATPviaoxidativephosphorylation.**AnaerobicRespirationandFermentation**:Overviewofanaerobicpathways(e.g.,fermentation)asalternative mechanismsforATPproductionintheabsenceofoxygen.Comparisontoaerobicrespirationintermsofefficiencyandendproducts.**Photosynthesis**:Recapitulationofphotosynthesis astheprocessbywhichplants,algae,andsomebacteriaconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy(glucose)andoxygen.Includes:**LightReactions**:Conversionoflightenergytochemi calenergy(ATP,NADPH).**CalvinCycle(DarkReactions)**:Incorporationofcarbondioxideintoorganicmolecules(sugarsynthesis).**MetabolicPathwaysandRegulation**:Integrati onofmetabolicpathwayswithincellstosupportgrowth,maintenance,andreproduction.Discussiononcatabolic(breakdown)andanabolic(synthesis)pathways,energycoupling,andre gulationofmetabolicactivity.**EnergyandHomeostasis**:Importanceofenergybalanceandhomeostasisinmaintainingcellularfunctionandoverallorganismalhealth.Roleoffeedback mechanismsandmetabolicregulationinrespondingtoenergyneeds.**CellularRespirationinDetail**:Examinationofthebiochemicalreactionsinvolvedincellularrespiration,focusingo ntheroleofenzymes,electroncarriers(NADH,FADH2),andtheATPsynthasecomplexinATPproduction.**MetabolicAdaptationsandRegulation**:Examplesofmetabolicadaptationsi nresponsetoenvironmentalchanges,dietaryintake,andphysiologicaldemands.Regulationofmetabolicpathwaysthroughenzymeactivityandgeneexpression.**EnergyEfficiencyan dConservation**:DiscussionontheefficiencyofATPproductionthroughaerobicrespirationcomparedtoanaerobicpathways.Energyconservationstrategiesinbiologicalsystems.**Em ergingTopicsinCellularEnergy**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsincellularenergymetabolism,suchasmetabolicdisorders,metabolicengineering,andbiofu els.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoenergyforcells,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciplesgoverningenergyacquisi tion,utilization,andregulationinbiologicalsystems.Chapter7providesacomprehensiveexplorationofcellularenergyprocesses,highlightingtheinterconnectedpathwaysandregulato rymechanismsthatallowcellstomaintainlifeandrespondtotheirenvironment.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofenergymetabolismandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationin tophysiologicalmechanisms,genetics,andecologicalinteractionscoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemo redetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter7,feelfreetoask!Chapter8:CellularReproductionChapter8of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,tit led"CellularReproduction,"typicallyfocusesontheprocessesofcelldivisionandreproduction.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularReproduc

tion**:Definitionofcellularreproductionastheprocessbywhichcellsdivideandreproduce,essentialforgrowth,repair,andmaintenanceofmulticellularorganisms.**TheCellCycle**:Det ailedexplorationofthecellcycle,includingitsphases:**Interphase**:G1phase(cellgrowth),Sphase(DNAreplication),G2phase(preparationfordivision).**MitoticPhase**:Mitosis(nu cleardivision)andcytokinesis(divisionofthecytoplasm).**RegulationoftheCellCycle**:Mechanismsandcheckpointsthatregulatethecellcycle,ensuringaccurateDNAreplication,mito sis,andpropercelldivision.**Mitosis**:Step-bystepexplanationofmitosis,includingprophase,metaphase,anaphase,andtelophase.Roleofmicrotubules,spindlefibers,andcentriolesinchromosomesegregati onandnucleardivisio n.**Meiosis**:Overviewofmeiosisasaspecializedformofcelldivisionthatproducesgametes(spermandeggs)withhalfthechromosomenumberoftheparentcell.ComparisonofmeiosisI andmeiosisII.**SexualandAsexualReproduction**:Comparisonofsexualreproduction(involvinggametesandgeneticrecombination)andasexualreproduction(e.g.,binaryfission,bu dding).Advantagesanddisadvantagesofeachreproductivestrategy.**CellCycleRegulationandCancer**:Explanationofhowdisruptionsincellcycleregulationcanleadtocancerousgr owth.Causesofcancer(mutations,environmentalfactors)andstrategiesforcancerpreventionandtreatment.**RegulationofCellDivision**:Discussionontheroleofregulatoryproteins( cyclins,cyclindependentkinases)incontrollingthetimingandprogressionofthecellcycle.**StemCellsandDifferentiation**:Introductiontostemcells,theirproperties(pluripotent,multipotent)androle sindevelopment,tissuerepair,andregenerativemedicine.**CellularSenescenceandAging**:Overviewofcellularsenescence,telomeres,andtheirroleinagingandagerelateddiseases.Relationshipbetweencellularreproductionandlongevity.**EmergingTopicsinCellularReproduction**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsincell ularreproduction,suchasreproductivecloning,inducedpluripotentstemcells,andregenerativemedicine.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkey conceptsrelatedtocellularreproduction,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprocessesandsignificanceofcelldivisioninbiologicalsystems.Chapter8providesacomprehensiveexploratio nofcellularreproduction,highlightingthemechanismsandregulationofcelldivision,theimportanceofgeneticdiversitythroughsexualreproduction,andtheimplicationsofcellcycleabno rmalitiesinhealthanddisease.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofcellstructureandmetabolismandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintogenetics,developmentalbiology,a ndphysiologicalmechanismscoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticular aspectofChapter8,feelfreetoask!Chapter9:MeiosisandtheGeneticBasisofSexualReproductionChapter9of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled" MeiosisandtheGeneticBasisofSexualReproduction,"typicallyfocusesontheprocessesofmeiosis,geneticvariation,andtherolestheseplayinsexualreproduction.Here’sanoverview ofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoMeiosis**:Definitionofmeiosisasaspecializedtypeofcelldivisionthatproduceshaploidgametes(spermandeggs)fromdiploidgermc ells.**PurposeofMeiosis**:Explanationofthebiologicalsignificanceofmeiosisinsexualreproduction,includingthegenerationofgeneticdiversityandthereductionofchromosomenumb er.**ComparisonofMeiosisandMitosis**:Contrastbetweenmitosisandmeiosisintermsof:Numberofdivisions(oneinmitosis,twoinmeiosis).Productionofdaughtercells(geneticallyide nticalinmitosis,geneticallyvariableinmeiosis).Roleinmulticellularorganisms(growthandrepairinmitosis,gameteproductioninmeiosis).**PhasesofMeiosis**:Detailedexplanationofth estagesofmeiosis:**MeiosisI**:ProphaseI(crossingoverandsynapsis),metaphaseI,anaphaseI,telophaseI.**MeiosisII**:Similartomitosisbutwithhaploidcells.**GeneticVariationan dCrossingOver**:Mechanismsthatcontributetogeneticdiversityduringmeiosis,includingcrossingover(exchangeofgeneticmaterialbetweenhomologouschromosomes)andindepe ndentassortmentofchromosomes.**FertilizationandGeneticDiversity**:Howfertilizationcombinesgeneticmaterialfromtwoparentstogenerateuniquegeneticcombinationsinoffspri ng.**MendelianGeneticsandMeiosis**:IntegrationofMendelianprinciples(lawsofsegregationandindependentassortment)withmeioticprocessestoexplaininheritancepatterns.**S exChromosomesandSexDetermination**:Explanationofsexdeterminationsystems,includingXX/XY(mammals),ZZ/ZW(birds,somereptiles),andenvironmentalfactors(temperatu redependentsexdetermination).**GeneticDisordersandChromosomalAbnormalities**:Overviewofgeneticdisorderscausedbyerrorsinmeiosis,suchasnondisjunction(failureofchro mosomestoseparateproperly),trisomies(e.g.,Downsyndrome),andmonosomies.**HumanReproductionandGametogenesis**:Overviewofhumanreproductiveanatomy,gametep roduction(spermatogenesisandoogenesis),andtherolesofhormones(e.g.,testosterone,estrogen)inreproductivedevelopment.**EmergingTopicsinMeiosisandReproduction**:Intr oductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmeiosis,reproductivetechnologies(e.g.,invitrofertilization,geneediting),andethicalconsiderations.**SummaryandKeyConc epts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomeiosisandthegeneticbasisofsexualreproduction,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprocessesthatunderpingene ticdiversityandinheritance.Chapter9providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmeiosis,geneticvariation,andthegeneticbasisofsexualreproduction.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowle dgeofcelldivision(coveredinChapter8)andpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintogenetics,developmentalbiology,andevolutionaryprocessescoveredinsubsequentchapterso fthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter9,feelfreetoask!Chapter10Chapter10typicall ycovers"PatternsofInheritance"inbiologyorgenetics.Here'sageneraloverviewofwhatthischapteroftenincludes:**MendelianGenetics**:Itstartswiththebasicprinciplesofinheritance asdiscoveredbyGregorMendel,suchasdominantandrecessivealleles,andthelawsofsegregationandindependentassortment.**ExtensionsofMendelianGenetics**:**IncompleteD ominance**:Whereneitheralleleiscompletelydominant.**Codominance**:Wherebothallelescontributetothephenotype.**MultipleAlleles**:Genesthathavemorethantwoalleles.**P olygenicInheritance**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**SexlinkedInheritance**:Inheritancepatternswheregenesarelocatedonthesexchromosomes(XandYchromosomes).**PedigreeAnalysis**:Howtointerpretfamilytreestodeducepattern sofinheritanceandpredictprobabilitiesofgenetictraitsinoffspring.**NonMendelianInheritance**:IncludesexceptionstoMendel'slawssuchasepistasis(interactionbetweengenes)andenvironmentalinfluencesongeneexpression.**GeneticDisorders**:E xamplesofgeneticdiseasesanddisorders,andhowtheyareinherited.**GeneticCounseling**:theroleofgeneticcounselorsinhelpingindividualsandfamiliesunderstandandcopewithg eneticdisordersandriskfactors.Thischapteriscrucialinunderstandinghowtraitsarepassedfromonegenerationtothenextandthecomplexitiesinvolvedingeneticinheritancebeyondth esimpledominantandrecessivetraitsinitiallydescribedbyMendel.Chapter11of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheInstructionsforLife:DNAa ndRNA,"typicallyexploresthemolecularbasisofgeneticinformationstorageandexpression.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoDNAandRNA**:De finitionofDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid)andRNA(ribonucleicacid)asnucleicacidsthatstoreandtransmitgeneticinformationinlivingorganisms.**StructureofDNA**:Detailedexaminatio nofthedoublehelixstructureofDNA,including:**Nucleotides**:CompositionofDNAnucleotides(adenine,thymine,cytosine,guanine)andtheircomplementarybasepairing.**SugarPhosphateBackbone**:Phosphodiesterbondslinkingnucleotides.**AntiparallelStrands**:OrientationofDNAstrandsinoppositedirections.**DNAReplication**:Overviewoftheproce ssbywhichDNAmakescopiesofitselfbeforecelldivision:**Enzymes**:Roleofenzymes(e.g.,DNApolymerase,helicase)inunwindingandreplicatingDNAstrands.**SemiconservativeReplication**:PreservationofoneoriginalDNAstrandineachnewdoublehelix.**RNAStructureandFunction**:ComparisonofRNAwithDNAintermsofstructureandfunctio n:**TypesofRNA**:mRNA(messengerRNA),tRNA(transferRNA),rRNA(ribosomalRNA),andtheirrolesinproteinsynthesis.**Transcription**:ProcessofsynthesizingmRNAfromaD NAtemplate(geneexpression).**GeneticCodeandProteinSynthesis**:Explanationofthegeneticcodeasthecorrespondencebetweennucleotidetriplets(codons)andaminoacids.Ste psinproteinsynthesis:**Transcription**:SynthesisofmRNAfromDNA.**Translation**:ConversionofmRNAsequenceintoaspecificsequenceofaminoacidsinaprotein.**Regulationo fGeneExpression**:Mechanismsbywhichcellscontrolwhenandhowgenesareturnedonoroff,including:**PromotersandEnhancers**:DNAsequencesthatregulatetranscription.**Tr anscriptionFactors**:Proteinsthatbindtoregulatorysequencestocontrolgeneexpression.**EpigeneticModifications**:ChangesingeneexpressionwithoutalteringDNAsequence(e. g.,DNAmethylation,histonemodification).**MutationsandGeneticVariation**:Typesofmutations(e.g.,pointmutations,insertions,deletions)andtheireffectsonDNAsequenceandpro teinfunction.Roleofmutationsinevolutionandgeneticdiversity.**DNATechnologyandGeneticEngineering**:ApplicationsofDNAtechnology,includingpolymerasechainreaction(PC R),genecloning,geneticmodificationoforganisms(GMOs),andgenetherapy.**GenomicsandPersonalizedMedicine**:Introductiontogenomicsasthestudyofwholegenomesanditsa pplicationsinunderstandingdiseases,predictingrisks,anddevelopingpersonalizedtreatments.**EmergingTopicsinDNAandRNA**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvan cementsinDNAandRNAresearch,suchasCRISPRCas9genomeediting,RNAinterference(RNAi),andsyntheticbiology.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDNAandRNA,re inforcingunderstandingofthemolecularbasisofgeneticinformationanditsexpression.Chapter11providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthemolecularmechanismsunderlyinggeneti cinformationstorage,transmission,andexpression.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofcellularprocessesandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomoleculargenetics,gen omics,andbiotechnologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularasp ectofChapter11,feelfreetoask!Chapter12Chapter12:BiotechnologyandGenomicsChapter12of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"Biotechnolo gyandGenomics,"typicallydelvesintotheapplicationsandimplicationsofbiotechnologyinmodernbiology,withafocusongenomics.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapt er:**IntroductiontoBiotechnology**:Definitionofbiotechnologyastheuseofbiologicalsystems,organisms,orprocessestodevelopproductsorapplicationsforvariouspurposes.**Tools ofBiotechnology**:Overviewofkeytoolsandtechniquesusedinbiotechnology,including:**RecombinantDNATechnology**:TechniquesformanipulatingDNA,suchasgenecloning,P CR(PolymeraseChainReaction),andgeneediting(e.g.,CRISPRCas9).**DNASequencing**:MethodsfordeterminingthepreciseorderofnucleotidesinaDNAmolecule.**GenomicLibraries**:CollectionsofclonedDNAfragmentsrepresentinganorg anism'sentiregenome.**ApplicationsofBiotechnology**:Explorationofpracticalapplicationsofbiotechnologyinvariousfields:**Medicine**:Genetherapy,personalizedmedicine,pro ductionoftherapeuticproteins(e.g.,insulin).**Agriculture**:Geneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs),cropimprovement,pestresistance.**Industry**:Bioremediation,biofuels,enzym eproduction.**Forensics**:DNAfingerprinting,forensicanalysis.**GenomicsandHumanHealth**:Introductiontogenomicsasthestudyofwholegenomes,including:

13. The graph shown gives the weight of a certain person as a function of age. Find the age at which the person

stopped an exercise program.

a. 20 b. 54 c. 38 d. 35 e. 70 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.11 SCalc7e 1.1.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.12 - Express a function numerically, given its verbal, algebraic,or graphical representation.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/25/2020 12:38 AM 14. In the function

, what must be the value d, if f(3) = 1?

a. d = 25 b. d = 23 c. d = –23 d. d = –1 e. d = –25 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.25 SCalc7e 1.1.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 11

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.08 - Evaluate functions for given values of the independent variable.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 5:06 AM 3

15. An open rectangular box with volume 4 m has a square base. Express the surface area of the box as a

function S(x) of the length x of a side of the base. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.61 SCalc7e 1.1.61 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 5:13 AM 16. Determine whether f is even, odd, or neither.

a. neither b. odd c. even ANSWER: POINTS:

c 1 Page 12

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.74 SCalc7e 1.1.74 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.04.03 - Determine if a function is odd or even algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 5:26 AM 17. Determine whether f is even, odd, or neither.

ANSWER:

even

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.74 SCalc7e 1.1.74 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.04.03 - Determine if a function is odd or even algebraically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 5:42 AM 18. The graphs of f(x) and g(x) are given.

a) For what values of x is f(x) = g(x)? b) Find the values of f(–1) and g(12).

Page 13

ANSWER:

a) 2, 6 b)

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.4ab SCalc7e 1.1.4ab QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Identify the value of a function from its graph.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/25/2020 5:05 AM

19. A spherical balloon with radius r inches has volume

.

Find a function that represents the amount of air required to inflate the balloon from a radius of r inches to a radius of r + 7 inches.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Medium Page 14

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.26 SCalc7e 1.1.26 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 6:12 AM

20. If

find f (–3), f (0), and f (4).

ANSWER:

f (–3) = 16, f (0) = 7, f (4) = 2.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.25 SCalc7e 1.1.25 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.08 - Evaluate functions for given values of the independent variable.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 11:58 PM 21. Refer to the graph of the function f in the following figure.

a. Find f (0). b. Find the value of x for which (i) f(x) = 1 and (ii) f(x) = 0.

Page 15

c. Find the domain and range of f.

ANSWER:

a. 0 b. (i) 1 (ii) 0, 2 c. D: [0, 3], R: [–3, 1]

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.3ace SCalc7e 1.1.3ace QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Define range of a function.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 4:51 AM 22. Determine whether the function is even, odd, or neither.

ANSWER:

Neither

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.77 SCalc7e 1.1.77 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.04.03 - Determine if a function is odd or even algebraically.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 6:11 AM 23. The following figure shows a portion of the graph of a function f defined on the interval [–1, 1]. Sketch the

complete graph of f if it is known f is odd.

Page 16

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.72b SCalc7e 1.1.72b QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.04.09 - Sketch graphs of functions that are symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y-axis, or the origin.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 4:34 AM 24. By cutting away identical squares from each corner of a rectangular piece of cardboard and folding up the

resulting flaps, an open box can be made. If the cardboard is 18 in. long and 9 in. wide and the square cutaways have dimensions of x in. by x in., find a function that gives the volume of the resulting box.

Page 17

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.63 SCalc7e 1.1.63 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 4:52 AM 25. Use the vertical line test to determine whether the curve is the graph of a function of x.

ANSWER:

Yes

POINTS:

1 Page 18

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.7 SCalc7e 1.1.7 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.06 - Given its graph, determine if a relation is a function using the vertical line test.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 5:56 AM 26. Sketch the graph of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.13 - Express a function graphically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

DATE CREATED: 1/21/2021 7:28 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 9:36 AM tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists,

Page 19

highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores,wq

27. The graph of a function g is given. On what interval(s) is g increasing?

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.07 - Find the intervals where a function is increasing and decreasing using its graph.

DATE CREATED: 1/21/2021 7:58 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 9:36 AM tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors

Page 20

contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores,

28. Determine whether the statement is true or false.

If

and f is a decreasing function, then

.

a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.UO.01.02.02 - Examine the characteristics of functions and their graphs.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 2:50 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 9:37 AM 29. Let f be the function whose graph is given. Find the interval where the function is decreasing.

Page 21

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.07 - Find the intervals where a function is increasing and decreasing using its graph.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 3:52 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 9:37 AM

1. Many physical quantities are connected by inverse square laws, that is, by power functions of the form:

In particular, the illumination of an object by a light source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. Suppose that after dark you are in a room with just one lamp and you are trying to read a book. The light is too dim and so you move

the distance to the lamp. How much brighter is the

light? a.

times b.

times c.

times Page 22

d.

times e. 3 times ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.2.25 SCalc7e 1.2.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.08 - Evaluate functions for given values of the independent variable.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.2 SCalc7e Section 1.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2021 10:33 AM 2. Scientists have discovered that a linear relationship exists between the amount of flobberworm mucus

secretions and the air temperature. When the temperature is 45°F, the flobberworms each secrete 8.5 grams of mucus a day; when the temperature is 75°F, they each secrete 11.5 grams of mucus a day. Find a function M(t) that gives the amount of mucus secreted on a given day, where t is the temperature of that day in degrees Fahrenheit. a. M(t) = 0.1t + 8.5 b. M(t) = 10t + 8.5 c. M(t) = 10t + 4 d. M(t) = 0.1t + 4 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.2.15a SCalc7e 1.2.15a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.2 SCalc7e Section 1.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM 3. The relationship between the Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales is given by the linear function.

What is the F-intercept and what does it represent?

Page 23

a.

, Fahrenheit temperature corresponding to b.

, Celsius temperature corresponding to c. d. e.

32, Celsius temperature corresponding to 0, Fahrenheit temperature corresponding to 32, Fahrenheit temperature corresponding to

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.2.13a SCalc7e 1.2.13a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.02.01.06 - Find the zeros of a polynomial function algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.2 SCalc7e Section 1.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 3:43 AM 4. The monthly cost of driving a car depends on the number of miles driven. Julia found that in October it cost

her $300 to drive 400 mi and in July it cost her $450 to drive 700 mi. Express the monthly cost C as a function of the distance driven d assuming that a linear relationship gives a suitable model. a. C = –100d + 0.5 b. C = 100d – 0.5 c. C = 0.5d + 100 d. C = 2d + 100 e. C = 0.5d – 100 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.2.18 SCalc7e 1.2.18 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.2 SCalc7e Section 1.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM Page 24

5. Classify the function as a Polynomial function, a Rational function, an algebraic function, or other.

a. Other b. Algebraic c. Polynomial d. Rational ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.2.1 SCalc7e 1.2.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.02.01.01 - Define polynomial function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.2 SCalc7e Section 1.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 2:11 AM 6. It makes sense that the larger the area of a region, the larger the number of species that inhabit the region.

Many ecologists have modeled the species-area relation with a power function and, in particular, the number of 2 species S of bats living in caves in central Mexico has been related to the surface area A measured in m of the caves by the equation

(a) The cave called mission impossible near puebla, mexico, has suface area of How many species of bats would expect to find in that cave?

.

(b) If you discover that 3 species of bats live in cave estimate the area of the cave.

ANSWER:

a) 3 species b)

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.2.26 SCalc7e 1.2.26 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.08 - Evaluate functions for given values of the independent variable.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.2 SCalc7e Section 1.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM Page 25

DATE MODIFIED:

4/27/2022 1:51 PM

7. The relationship between the Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales is given by the linear function.

Complete the table and find the slope. Round your answers to the nearest whole number. °C 15 –15 slope

°F

ANSWER:

(15, 59), (–15, 5); slope = 2

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.2.13b SCalc7e 1.2.13b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.2 SCalc7e Section 1.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 2:17 AM 8. Find the domain of the function

a.

and

, where n is any integer

and

, where n is any integer

and

, where n is any integer

b.

and c. d.

and e.

ANSWER: POINTS: QUESTION TYPE:

a 1 Multiple Choice Page 26

HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Define domain of a function.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 9:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 9:41 AM 9. If the recommended adult dosage for a drug is D (in mg), then to determine the appropriate dosage c for a

child of age a, pharmacists use the equation is the slope of the graph of c and what does it represent?

. Suppose the dosage for an adult is 900 mg. What

a. 36 mg/yr; the rate of change of dosage with respect to age b. 36 yr/mg; the rate of change of age with respect to dosage c. 0.04 mg/yr; the rate of change of dosage with respect to age d. 0.04 mg/yr; the rate of change of age with respect to dosage e. 36 mg; the dosage for a newborn ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 1:57 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 6:09 AM 10. Biologists have noticed that the chirping rate of crickets of a certain species is related to temperature, and the

relationship appears to be very nearly linear. A cricket produces 108 chirps per minute at 70°F and 228 chirps per minute at 90°F. Find a linear equation that models the temperature T as a function of the number of chirps per minute N. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 2:10 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 6:21 AM 11. Classify the following function:

Page 27

a. Polynomial function b. Power function c. Trigonometric function d. Rational Function e. Exponential function ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.02.01.01 - Define polynomial function.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 2:28 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 2:26 AM 12. For the scatter plot below, what type of function might you see as a model for the data?

a. Trigonometric function b. Rational Function c. Exponential Function d. Power Function e. Polynomial Function ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.03.01 - Identify graphs and properties of common functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 2:32 AM Page 28

DATE MODIFIED:

2/10/2020 2:17 AM

13. Find an equation for the family of linear functions such that

.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.11 - Express a function algebraically, given its verbal or numerical representation.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 2:35 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 12:37 AM 14. The manager of a weekend flea market knows from past experience that if he charges x dollars for a rental

space at the market, then the number y of spaces he can rent is given by the equation the x-intercept indicate? a. There will be no spaces occupied when the rental cost is $70. b. There will be no spaces occupied when the rental cost is $560. c. There will be 560 spaces occupied when there is no rental cost. d. There will be 8 spaces occupied when there is no rental cost. e. The number of occupied spaces decreases by 5 for every $1 increase in rent.

. What does

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.10 - Express a function verbally, given its numerical or algebraic representation.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 2:39 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 6:55 AM 15. At the surface of the ocean, the water pressure is the same as the air pressure above the water,

Below the surface, the water pressure increases by depth is the pressure a. 247 ft b. 276 ft c. 30 ft d. 56 ft

.

for every 10 ft of descent. At approximately what

?

Page 29

e. 359 ft ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.12 - Express a function numerically, given its verbal, algebraic,or graphical representation.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 2:46 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 7:27 AM 16. What is the equation of this graph?

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.40 SCalc7e 1.1.40 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.02.01.10 - Write an equation for a polynomial function, given its graph.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e 1.1.40 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/31/2020 9:16 AM Page 30

17. Find the domain of the function.

a. b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.31 SCalc7e 1.1.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.07 - Find the domain of a function algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 4:08 AM 18. Find the domain of the function a. (–∞, ∞) b.

[

, ∞)

c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.32 SCalc7e 1.1.32 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.07 - Find the domain of a function algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 5:53 AM Page 31

19. Find a, such that the function

has the domain

.

a. a = –9 b. c.

a= a=–

d. a = 9 e. a = 3 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.38 SCalc7e 1.1.38 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.07 - Find the domain of a function algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 5:23 AM 20. Find the domain.

a. (0, 3) b. (–∞, 0] c. (–3, ∞] d. [0, 3] e. [0, ∞) ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.34 SCalc7e 1.1.34 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.07 - Find the domain of a function algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 5:28 AM 21. Find the range of the function.

Page 32

y = 4 + cos x a. (–∞, ∞) b. (2, ∞) c. [–1, 1] d. (–1, 3) e. [3, 5] ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.38 SCalc7e 1.1.38 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.05.04.03 - Find the domain and range of the cosine function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM 22. Find the domain of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.31 SCalc7e 1.1.31 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.07 - Find the domain of a function algebraically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 8:47 AM 23. Find the domain of the function.

Page 33

ANSWER:

[–5, 5]

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.38 SCalc7e 1.1.38 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.07 - Find the domain of a function algebraically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 5:45 AM 24. Find the range of the function.

ANSWER:

0 ≤ h(x) ≤ 6

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.38 SCalc7e 1.1.38 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Define range of a function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/19/2021 5:50 AM 25. It makes sense that the larger the area of a region, the larger the number of species that inhabit the region.

Many ecologists have modeled the species-area relation with a power function. In particular, the number of species S of bats living in caves in central Mexico has been related to the surface area A of the caves by the equation

. If you discover that nine species of bats live in a cave, estimate the area of the cave.

a. 4979 m2 b. 1.35 m2 c. 2125 m2 d. 2.15 m2 ANSWER: POINTS: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

a 1 Multiple Choice True Page 34

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.01.08 - Evaluate functions for given values of the independent variable.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 4:49 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2021 4:55 AM 26. Plot the graph of the function f in an appropriate viewing window.

f (x) = a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.3.50a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.02.04.11 - Sketch graphs of rational functions using intercepts, asymptotes, zeros, and test values.

KEYWORDS: 7e Page 35

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal Section 2.3 7/20/2015 3:55 PM 2/20/2020 4:30 AM

27. Identify the type of the following function.

a. power function

b. root function

c. polynomial

d. rational function

e. algebraic function

f. trigonometric function

g. exponential function

h. logarithmic function

ANSWER: g POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Define exponential function.

DATE CREATED: 2/12/2021 5:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2021 7:41 AM 28. Decide what type of function you might choose as a model for the data displayed on the scatter plot.

a. exponential function b. logarithmic function c. polynomial d. rational function e. trigonometric function ANSWER: POINTS:

a 1 Page 36

QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Define exponential function.

DATE CREATED: 2/12/2021 5:12 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2021 7:49 AM tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores,

29. Determine the domain and range of the function a. Domain:

, range:

b. Domain:

, range:

c. Domain:

, range:

d. Domain:

, range:

e. Domain:

, range:

f. Domain:

.

, range:

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Find the domain and range of exponential functions.

DATE CREATED: 2/12/2021 4:39 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2021 7:31 AM

1. Graph the function by hand, not by plotting points, but by starting with the graph of one of the standard Page 37

functions and then applying the appropriate transformations.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.12 SCalc7e 1.3.12 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.03.11 - Sketch the transformed graph of a function, given its transformed equation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 Page 38

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED: 2. If

7/20/2015 1:45 PM 2/24/2020 10:08 AM

and

, find a function g such that

.

a. g(x) = 4x + 25 b. g(x) = 4x c. g(x) = x - 25 d. g(x) = 4x - 25 e. g(x) = x + 25 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.61b SCalc7e 1.3.61b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Combine functions using function composition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 9:14 AM 3. Use the table to evaluate the expression

x f(x) g(x)

1 3 6

2 2 5

3 1 2

4 0 3

5 1 4

.

6 2 6

a. 4 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 5 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.50f SCalc7e 1.3.50f QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Combine functions using function composition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 3/3/2020 7:11 AM Page 39

4. What is

, given that

and

?

a. g(x) b. f(x) c. h(x) ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.47 SCalc7e 1.3.47 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.08 - Identify the functions that make up a composite function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 11:43 PM 5. The graph of the function f follows. Choose the graph of y = -f(x) - 1.

Page 40

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.5b SCalc7e 1.3.5b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.03.11 - Sketch the transformed graph of a function, given its transformed equation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 3/3/2020 5:50 AM 6. Which of the following graphs is the graph of the function?

Page 41

Graph 1

Graph 2

Graph 3

a. Graph 2 b. Graph 1 c. Graph 3 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.24 SCalc7e 1.3.24 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.03.11 - Sketch the transformed graph of a function, given its transformed equation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 8:03 AM 7. The graph of the function f follows. Choose the graph of

.

Page 42

a.

b.

c.

d.

Page 43

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.27a SCalc7e 1.3.27a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.03.11 - Sketch the transformed graph of a function, given its transformed equation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 3/4/2020 4:11 AM 8. Suppose that the graph of f is given. Describe how the graph of the function y = f(x - 3) - 3 can be obtained

from the graph of f. a. Shift the graph 3 units to the left and 3 units down. b. Shift the graph 3 units to the left and 3 units up. c. Shift the graph 3 units to the right and 3 units up. d. Shift the graph 3 units to the right and 3 units down. e. None of these ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

d 1 Medium SCalcET7 1.3.1bc SCalc7e 1.3.1bc Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) True Page 44

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.03.10 - Describe the transformations applied tthe graph of a function, given its transformed equation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM 9. Which of the following is the equation for the function g(x)?

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.3c SCalc7e 1.3.3c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.03.14 - Write an equation for a given transformed graph of a common function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 8:16 AM

Page 45

10. Sketch the graph of

over one period.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.27b SCalc7e 1.3.27b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.03.11 - Sketch the transformed graph of a function, given its transformed equation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 3/3/2020 7:31 AM Page 46

11. Find the function

and its domain if

and

.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.29 SCalc7e 1.3.29 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.07 - Find the domain of a composite function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2021 10:56 AM

12. Find the function

and its domain if

and

.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.35a SCalc7e 1.3.35a QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.07 - Find the domain of a composite function.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 47

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 7/20/2015 1:45 PM 1/30/2020 1:34 AM

systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 19, feel free toask!Chapter 20Chapter 20of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Anatomy and Growth," typically covers theinternal structure, tissues, growth processes, and adaptationsofplants. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlant Anatomy**:Overviewofplant anatomy as thestudyofinternal structures and tissuesofplants.**Plant Cells and Tissues**:Structure and functionsofplant cells and tissues:**Cell Types**: Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, epidermis, and guard cells.**Tissue Systems**: Dermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue.**Root Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofroots:**Root Anatomy**: Root hairs, root cap, cortex, and vascular cylinder (stele).**Functions**: Absorptionofwater and minerals, anchorage, and storage.**Stem Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofstems:**Stem Anatomy**: Epidermis, cortex, vascular bundles (xylem and phloem), and pith.**Functions**: Support, transportofwater and nutrients, and storage.**Leaf Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofleaves:**Leaf Anatomy**: Epidermis, mesophyll (palisade and spongy layers), stomata, and vascular bundles.**Functions**: Photosynthesis, gas exchange (transpiration and respiration), and storage.**Plant Growth and Development**:Processesofplant growth:**Meristems**: Apical, lateral (vascular and cork cambium), and intercalary meristems.**Primary Growth**: Lengtheningofroots and shoots.**Secondary Growth**: Thickeningofstems and roots due tovascular and cork cambium activity.**Plant Hormones**:Roleofplant hormonesingrowth and development:**Auxins**: Roleinapical dominance, phototropism, and root growth.**Gibberellins**: Stem elongation and seed germination.**Cytokinins**: Cell division and lateral bud growth.**Ethylene**: Fruit ripening and senescence.**Abscisic Acid**: Dormancy and stress responses.**Plant Responses toEnvironmental Stimuli**:Plant adaptations and responses toenvironmental factors:**Photoperiodism**: Flowering responses today length.**Tropisms**: Growth responses tolight (phototropism), gravity (gravitropism), and touch (thigmotropism).**Plant Movements**: Nastic movements and responses toenvironmental cues.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Stress**:Adaptationsofplants toextreme environmental conditions:**Water Conservation**: Adaptationsindesert plants (e.g., succulence, CAM photosynthesis).**Cold and Heat Tolerance**: Adaptationsinpolar and desert plants.**Salt Tolerance**: Adaptationsinhalophytes.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplant anatomy and growth, reinforcing understandingofplant structures, functions, growth processes, and adaptations.Chapter 20 providesacomprehensive explorationofplant anatomy and growth, highlighting thestructural diversity, physiological adaptations, and growth mechanisms that enable plants tothriveindiverse environments. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant physiology, ecology, and agriculture coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 20, feel free toask!Chapter 21Chapter 21of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Responses and Reproduction," typically covers how plants respond toenvironmental stimuli and thevarious mechanismsofplant reproduction. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Plant Responses toEnvironmental Stimuli**:**Photoperiodism**: Plant responses today length, influencing flowering and other developmental processes.**Tropisms**: Directional growth responses toenvironmental stimuli:**Phototropism**: Growth towards or away from light.**Gravitropism**: Growth response togravity.**Thigmotropism**: Growth response totouch.**Plant Movements**: Nastic movementsinresponse toenvironmental cues (e.g., leaf movementsinMimosa pudica).**Plant Reproduction**:**Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)**:**Flower Structure**: Partsoftheflower (sepals, petals, stamens, carpels).**Pollination**: Transferofpollen from anther tostigma.**Fertilization**: Fusionofmale gamete (pollen) with female gamete (egg) toformazygote.**Seed Development**: Formationofseed from fertilized ovule.**Fruit Formation**: Developmentoffruit from mature ovary.**Seed Dispersal**: Mechanisms fordispersing seeds away from theparent plant (e.g., wind, water, animals).**Asexual ReproductioninPlants**:**Vegetative Propagation**: Asexual reproduction through plant parts (e.g., runners, bulbs, tubers).**Cloning**: Artificial methodsofasexual propagation (e.g., cuttings, tissue culture).**Plant Hormones and Growth Regulation**:**Auxins**: Roleinapical dominance, phototropism, and root growth.**Gibberellins**: Stem elongation and seed germination.**Cytokinins**: Cell division and lateral bud growth.**Ethylene**: Fruit ripening and senescence.**Abscisic Acid**: Dormancy and stress responses.**Plant Responses toStress**: Hormonal and physiological responses toenvironmental stresses (e.g., drought, salinity).**Plant Life Cycles and AlternationofGenerations**:**AlternationofGenerations**: Alternating between haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generationsinplant life cycles.**Bryophytes**: Life cycleofmosses and liverworts.**Ferns and Seed Plants**: Life cycleofferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Reproductive StrategiesinNon-Flowering Plants**:**Seedless Plants**: Reproductioninferns and other seedless vascular plants.**Gymnosperms**: Life cycleofconifers and other gymnosperms.**Human ImpactonPlant Reproduction**:**Agricultural Practices**: Useofhormones and techniques forenhancing plant reproduction and yield.**Pollination Crisis**: Factors affecting pollinator populations and implications forcrop pollination.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey

13. The graph of the function

has been shifted horizontally to the left by 9 units. Find the

function for the transformed graph. a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.1g SCalc7e 1.3.1g QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.03.13 - Write an equation for the transformed graph of a function, given its verbal description.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 8:40 AM

Page 48

14. Express the function in the form of

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.48 SCalc7e 1.3.48 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.08 - Identify the functions that make up a composite function.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 2:34 AM

15. A spherical balloon with radius r inches has volume

.

Find a function that represents the amount of air required to inflate the balloon from a radius of r inches to a radius of inches.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.54 SCalc7e 1.3.54 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.03.13 - Write an equation for the transformed graph of a function, given its verbal description.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 8:53 AM 16. Express the function in the form of

.

ANSWER: Page 49

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.45 SCalc7e 1.3.45 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.08 - Identify the functions that make up a composite function.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2021 10:56 AM 17. A stone is dropped into a lake, creating a circular ripple that travels outward at a speed of 49 cm/s. Express

the radius r of this circle as a function of the time t (in seconds) and find function of the radius.

, if A is the area of this circle as a

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.53 SCalc7e 1.3.53 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.09 - Solve applied problems involving combinations of functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 3:55 AM 18. Let

and

ANSWER:

0

. Find

.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.36 SCalc7e 1.3.36 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Combine functions using function composition.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM Page 50

DATE MODIFIED: 19. Find

3/4/2020 5:38 AM

if

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.37 SCalc7e 1.3.37 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Combine functions using function composition.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 6:25 AM 20. Find the function g such that

.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.3.62 SCalc7e 1.3.62 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.06.08 - Identify the functions that make up a composite function.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.3 SCalc7e Section 1.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 4:22 AM

1. Use the Law of Exponents to rewrite and simplify the expression.

Page 51

a.

b.

c. d.

e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.5.4b QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Define exponential function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 5:38 AM 2. Starting with the graph of

, find the equation of the graph that results from reflecting about the line

. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

b 1 Medium 1.5.18a Page 52

QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Given its graph, write an equation for an exponential function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 4:19 AM 3. Use the Law of Exponents to rewrite and simplify the expression.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.5.4a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Define exponential function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 4:43 AM 4. Starting with the graph of

, write the equation of the graph that results from shifting 6 units right.

a. b. c. d.

Page 53

e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.5.18b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Given its graph, write an equation for an exponential function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 4:53 AM 5. The table gives the population of the United States, in millions, for the years 1900 - 2000. Use a graphing

calculator with exponential regression capability to model the U.S. population since 1900. Use the model to estimate the population in 1965 and to predict the population in the year 2025.

Year 1900 1910 1920 Population 76 92 106 (millions) a. 185 million, 400 million b. 190 million, 405 million c. 195 million, 410 million d. 180 million, 395 million e. 175 million, 390 million

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

123

131

150

179

203

227

250

281

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.5.32 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.10 - Solve applied problems involving exponential functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM 6. Under ideal conditions a certain bacteria population is known to double every three hours. Suppose that there

are initially 20 bacteria. What is the size of the population after 15 hours?

Page 54

a. 1,280 bacteria b. 80 bacteria c. 640 bacteria d. 160 bacteria e. 320 bacteria ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.5.29a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.10 - Solve applied problems involving exponential functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM 7. Find the exponential function

whose graph is given.

a.

b.

c.

Page 55

d.

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.5.21 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Given its graph, write an equation for an exponential function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 4:47 AM 8. The half-life of bismuth-210,

210

Bi, is 5 days. If a sample has a mass of 600 mg, find the amount remaining after 4 weeks. Round your answer to one decimal place. a. 12.4 mg b. 29,102 mg c. 0 mg d. 82.8 mg e. 6,000 mg ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.10 - Solve applied problems involving exponential functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 9:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 3/23/2016 8:17 AM 9. An isotope of sodium,

24

Na, has a half-life of 15 hours. A sample of this isotope has mass 9 g. Estimate the time required for the mass to be reduced to 0.5 g. a. 62.5 hours b. 2.1 hours c. 70.3 hours d. 47.5 hours e. 125.1 hours Page 56

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.10 - Solve applied problems involving exponential functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 9:32 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2021 4:44 AM 10. Find the domain of the following function.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Find the domain and range of exponential functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 9:45 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2021 4:43 AM 11. After alcohol is fully absorbed into the body, it is metabolized with a half-life of about 1.25 hours. Suppose

you have had three alcoholic drinks and an hour later, at midnight, your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is 0.6 mg/mL. Find an exponential decay model for your BAC t hours after midnight.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e. None of the above Page 57

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.10 - Solve applied problems involving exponential functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 9:57 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2021 4:44 AM 12. Determine the range of the following function.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Find the domain and range of exponential functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 10:11 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2021 4:44 AM 13. Use the Law of Exponents to rewrite and simplify the expression.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Define exponential function.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 10:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 5:50 AM Page 58

14. Identify the graph of the following function.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.07 - Sketch graphs of transformations of exponential functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 10:27 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 4:48 AM 15. Starting with the graph of

, write the equation of the graph that results from shifting 7 units to the left

and 6 units upward.

Page 59

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Given its graph, write an equation for an exponential function.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 10:40 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 5:48 AM 16. Find the domain of the function.

ANSWER:

(–∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 1.1.42 SCalc7e 1.1.42 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Find the domain and range of exponential functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 1.1 SCalc7e Section 1.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:44 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 5:47 AM

1. Suppose that the graph of

is drawn on a coordinate grid where the unit of measurement is an inch.

How many miles to the right of the origin do we have to move before the height of the curve reaches 3 ft?

Rounded to the nearest mile. a. 5.2 mi b. 1,084,587.7 mi c. 103 mi d. 13,015,052.4 mi e. –97 mi ANSWER:

b Page 60

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.04.07 - Solve logarithmic equations using the laws of logarithms.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 4:53 AM 2. If a bacteria population starts with 100 bacteria and doubles every three hours, then the number of bacteria

after t hours is

When will the population reach 45,000? Round the answer to the nearest tenth. a. 26.4 hours b. 16.4 hours c. 31.4 hours d. 21.4 hours e. 36.4 hours ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.61b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.10 - Solve applied problems involving exponential functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 4:58 AM

3. Find the inverse function of

.

a.

Page 61

b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.22 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.05.10 - Find the inverse of a function algebraically.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 5:02 AM 4. Determine whether the function is one-to-one.

a. No b. Yes ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 1.6.9 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.05.03 - Given its equation, determine if a function is one-toone.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 5:13 AM 5. Find f

--1

(a) for the function f and the real number a.

Page 62

a. 0 b. –1 c. –2 d. 1 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.05.09 - Evaluate the inverse of a one-to-one function given its numerical, algebraic, or graphical representation.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 5:22 AM 6. Find the inverse of f. Then sketch the graphs of f and

a.

b.

c.

d.

on the same set of axes.

Page 63

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 1.6.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.05.10 - Find the inverse of a function algebraically.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 12:40 AM 7. Find the exact value of the given expression.

–1

tan

1

a. 2 b. c. d. 4 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 1.6.63a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.05.07.07 - Evaluate inverse trigonometric functions for given values in the domain.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal Page 64

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 1.6 7/20/2015 1:46 PM 2/10/2020 6:00 AM

8. Find the exact value of the given expression.

a. 1 b. c. 0 d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.67b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.05.07.08 - Find exact values of expressions involving compositions with inverse trigonometric functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:07 AM 9. Use the laws of logarithms to expand the expression.

a. b. c.

d.

Page 65

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 1.6.39 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.03.06 - Expand logarithmic expressions using the laws of logarithms.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:17 AM systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 19, feel free toask!Chapter 20Chapter 20of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Anatomy and Growth," typically covers theinternal structure, tissues, growth processes, and adaptationsofplants. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlant Anatomy**:Overviewofplant anatomy as thestudyofinternal structures and tissuesofplants.**Plant Cells and Tissues**:Structure and functionsofplant cells and tissues:**Cell Types**: Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, epidermis, and guard cells.**Tissue Systems**: Dermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue.**Root Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofroots:**Root Anatomy**: Root hairs, root cap, cortex, and vascular cylinder (stele).**Functions**: Absorptionofwater and minerals, anchorage, and storage.**Stem Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofstems:**Stem Anatomy**: Epidermis, cortex, vascular bundles (xylem and phloem), and pith.**Functions**: Support, transportofwater and nutrients, and storage.**Leaf Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofleaves:**Leaf Anatomy**: Epidermis, mesophyll (palisade and spongy layers), stomata, and vascular bundles.**Functions**: Photosynthesis, gas exchange (transpiration and respiration), and storage.**Plant Growth and Development**:Processesofplant growth:**Meristems**: Apical, lateral (vascular and cork cambium), and intercalary meristems.**Primary Growth**: Lengtheningofroots and shoots.**Secondary Growth**: Thickeningofstems and roots due tovascular and cork cambium activity.**Plant Hormones**:Roleofplant hormonesingrowth and development:**Auxins**: Roleinapical dominance, phototropism, and root growth.**Gibberellins**: Stem elongation and seed germination.**Cytokinins**: Cell division and lateral bud growth.**Ethylene**: Fruit ripening and senescence.**Abscisic Acid**: Dormancy and stress responses.**Plant Responses toEnvironmental Stimuli**:Plant adaptations and responses toenvironmental factors:**Photoperiodism**: Flowering responses today length.**Tropisms**: Growth responses tolight (phototropism), gravity (gravitropism), and touch (thigmotropism).**Plant Movements**: Nastic movements and responses toenvironmental cues.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Stress**:Adaptationsofplants toextreme environmental conditions:**Water Conservation**: Adaptationsindesert plants (e.g., succulence, CAM photosynthesis).**Cold and Heat Tolerance**: Adaptationsinpolar and desert plants.**Salt Tolerance**: Adaptationsinhalophytes.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplant anatomy and growth, reinforcing understandingofplant structures, functions, growth processes, and adaptations.Chapter 20 providesacomprehensive explorationofplant anatomy and growth, highlighting thestructural diversity, physiological adaptations, and growth mechanisms that enable plants tothriveindiverse environments. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant physiology, ecology, and agriculture coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 20, feel free toask!Chapter 21Chapter 21of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Responses and Reproduction," typically covers how plants respond toenvironmental stimuli and thevarious mechanismsofplant reproduction. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Plant Responses toEnvironmental Stimuli**:**Photoperiodism**: Plant responses today length, influencing flowering and other developmental processes.**Tropisms**: Directional growth responses toenvironmental stimuli:**Phototropism**: Growth towards or away from light.**Gravitropism**: Growth response togravity.**Thigmotropism**: Growth response totouch.**Plant Movements**: Nastic movementsinresponse toenvironmental cues (e.g., leaf movementsinMimosa pudica).**Plant Reproduction**:**Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)**:**Flower Structure**: Partsoftheflower (sepals, petals, stamens, carpels).**Pollination**: Transferofpollen from anther tostigma.**Fertilization**: Fusionofmale gamete (pollen) with female gamete (egg) toformazygote.**Seed Development**: Formationofseed from fertilized ovule.**Fruit Formation**: Developmentoffruit from mature ovary.**Seed Dispersal**: Mechanisms fordispersing seeds away from theparent plant (e.g., wind, water, animals).**Asexual ReproductioninPlants**:**Vegetative Propagation**: Asexual reproduction through plant parts (e.g., runners, bulbs, tubers).**Cloning**: Artificial methodsofasexual propagation (e.g., cuttings, tissue culture).**Plant Hormones and Growth Regulation**:**Auxins**: Roleinapical dominance, phototropism, and root growth.**Gibberellins**: Stem elongation and seed germination.**Cytokinins**: Cell division and lateral bud growth.**Ethylene**: Fruit ripening and senescence.**Abscisic Acid**: Dormancy and stress responses.**Plant Responses toStress**: Hormonal and physiological responses toenvironmental stresses (e.g., drought, salinity).**Plant Life Cycles and AlternationofGenerations**:**AlternationofGenerations**: Alternating between haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generationsinplant life cycles.**Bryophytes**: Life cycleofmosses and liverworts.**Ferns and Seed Plants**: Life cycleofferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Reproductive StrategiesinNon-Flowering Plants**:**Seedless Plants**: Reproductioninferns and other seedless vascular plants.**Gymnosperms**: Life cycleofconifers and other gymnosperms.**Human ImpactonPlant Reproduction**:**Agricultural Practices**: Useofhormones and techniques forenhancing plant reproduction and yield.**Pollination Crisis**: Factors affecting pollinator populations and implications forcrop pollination.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey

10. Use the laws of logarithms to write the expression as the logarithm of a single quantity.

a. b.

c.

Page 66

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.40 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.03.07 - Combine logarithmic expressions using the laws of logarithms.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:23 AM 11. Simplify the expression.

a. 7 b. 12 c. 64 d. 81 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 1.6.38a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.03.05 - Rewrite the logarithm of a power using the laws of logarithms.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:47 AM 12. Solve the equation.

a.

x= Page 67

b.

x= c.

x= d.

x= ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 1.6.51a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.04.04 - Solve exponential equations using logarithms.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:51 AM 13. Find a formula for the inverse of the function.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.05.10 - Find the inverse of a function algebraically.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:51 AM

Page 68

14. Find the exact value of the expression.

a. 7 b. 8 c. 6 d. 4 e. 5 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.37a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Evaluate logarithms using the laws of logarithms.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:53 AM 15. When a camera flash goes off, the batteries immediately begin to recharge the flash's capacitor, which stores

electric charge given by

(The maximum charge capacity is and t is measured in seconds.) How long does it take to recharge the capacitor to 90% of capacity if a = 4? a.

seconds b.

seconds c.

seconds

d.

seconds

e.

seconds ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

b 1 Medium 1.6.62b Page 69

QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.10 - Solve applied problems involving exponential functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:56 AM 16. If

, find

. Round to the nearest whole.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.17 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.05.09 - Evaluate the inverse of a one-to-one function given its numerical, algebraic, or graphical representation.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:58 AM 17. Solve each equation for x.

(a)

(b)

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.51 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.UO.03.04.04 - Solve exponential and logarithmic equations algebraically and graphically.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response Page 70

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 1.6 7/20/2015 1:46 PM 1/30/2020 7:00 AM

18. Simplify the expression.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.72 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.05.07.08 - Find exact values of expressions involving compositions with inverse trigonometric functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:03 AM 19. Find the exact value of the expression.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.67 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.05.07.08 - Find exact values of expressions involving compositions with inverse trigonometric functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 1.6 Page 71

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:46 PM 1/30/2020 7:06 AM

20. Fill in the blanks.

Let

, where -1 < x < 1. __________

ANSWER:

__________

3, 5

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.66a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.05.09 - Evaluate the inverse of a one-to-one function given its numerical, algebraic, or graphical representation.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:09 AM 21. Find the domain, range, and x-intercept(s) of the function.

ANSWER:

Domain:

Range:

x-intercept:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.50 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.02.05 - Find the domain and range of logarithmic functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:11 AM 22. Determine whether f is one-to-one.

Page 72

ANSWER:

No

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 1.6.5 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.05.02 - Given its graph, determine if a function is one-to-one using the horizontal line test.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 8:21 AM 23. The graph of f is given. Sketch the graph of

on the same set of axes.

y = f(x)

Page 73

ANSWER:

- blue,

-red

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 1.6.30 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.05.06 - Given the graph of a one-to-one function, sketch the graph of its inverse using symmetry.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 12:41 AM

Page 74

24. Find the inverse of f. Then sketch the graphs of f and

on the same set of axes.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 1.6.32 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.05.10 - Find the inverse of a function algebraically.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 8:31 AM 25. Find the inverse of f. Then use a graphing utility to plot the graphs of f and

on the same set of axes.

ANSWER:

Page 75

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.6.26 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.02.09 - Graph logarithmic functions involving common and natural logarithms using a graphing tool.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 12:42 AM 26. Sketch the graph of f.

Page 76

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.02.07 - Sketch graphs of transformation of logarithmic functions.

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 1:31 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2021 9:07 AM

1. A cardiac monitor is used to measure the heart rate of a patient after surgery. It compiles the number of

heartbeats after t minutes. When the data in the table are graphed, the slope of the tangent line represents the heart rate in beats per minute. The monitor estimates this value by calculating the slope of a secant line. Use the data to estimate the patient's heart rate after 42 minutes using the secant line between the points with t = 38 and t = 42. t (mins) 36 38 Heartbeats 2570 2720

40 42 44 2840 3020 3070

a. 74 b. 80 c. 85 d. 70 e. 76 f. 75 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

f 1 Medium SCalcET7 2.1.2 SCalc7e 1.4.2 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) True Page 77

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.1 SCalc7e Section 1.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM 2. The displacement (in feet) of a certain particle moving in a straight line is given by

where t is measured in seconds. Find the average velocity over the interval [1, 1.15].

Round your answer to three decimal places. a. 0.234 b. 0.350 c. 0.334 d. 0.224 e. 0.534 f. 0.434 ANSWER: f POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.1.8a SCalc7e 1.4.8a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.1 SCalc7e Section 1.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:39 AM 3. If a ball is thrown into the air with a velocity of 60 ft/s, its height (in feet) after t seconds is given by 2

H = 60t – 9t .

Find the velocity when t = 9. a. –99 ft/s b. –102 ft/s c. –104 ft/s d. –101 ft/s e. –97 ft/s ANSWER: POINTS:

b 1 Page 78

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.1.5 SCalc7e 1.4.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.1 SCalc7e Section 1.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM 4. The position of a car is given by the values in the following table.

t (seconds) s (meters)

0 0

1 2 3 4 20.6 25.5 64.1 94.3

Find the average velocity for the time period beginning when t = 2 and lasting 2 seconds. a. 47.15 ft/s b. 30.6 ft/s c. 33.5 ft/s d. 33.5 ft/s e. 34.4 ft/s ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.1.7a SCalc7e 1.4.7a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.1 SCalc7e Section 1.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM 5. Suppose the distance s (in feet) covered by a car moving along a straight road after t sec is given by the 2

function s = f(t) = 2t + 20t. Calculate the (instantaneous) velocity of the car when t = 34. a. 156 ft/sec b. 22 ft/sec c. 748 ft/sec d. 2992 ft/sec ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

a 1 Medium Page 79

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.1.6b SCalc7e 1.4.6b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.1 SCalc7e Section 1.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM 6. If a rock is thrown upward on the planet Mars with a velocity of 10 m/s, its height in meters t seconds later is

given by 2

y = 10t – 1.9t .

Find the average velocity over the time interval [2, 3]. a. –2.5 m/s b. 2.5 m/s c. 0.5 m/s d. 1.5 m/s e. –0.5 m/s ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.1.6a SCalc7e 1.4.6a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.1 SCalc7e Section 1.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM 7. The point P(16, 4) lies on the curve

. If Q is the point , use your calculator to find the slope of the secant line PQ (correct to six decimal places) for the value x = 3.59. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS:

e 1 Page 80

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.1.9a SCalc7e 1.4.9a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.1 SCalc7e Section 1.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:42 AM 8. A tank holds 1000 gallons of water, which drains from the bottom of the tank in half an hour. The values in

the table show the volume V of water remaining in the tank (in gallons) after t minutes. If P is the point (15, 290) on the graph of V, fill the table with the slopes of the secant lines PQ where Q is the point on the graph with the corresponding t. t (min) 5 10 15 20 25 30 V (gal) 686 481 263 171 22 0 Enter your answer to two decimal places. t 5 10 20 25 30

Slope

ANSWER:

(5, –39.60); (10, –38.20); (20, –23.80); (25, –26.80); (30, –19.33)

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.1.1a SCalc7e 1.4.1a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.1 SCalc7e Section 1.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM 9. The position of a car is given by the values in the following table.

t (seconds) 0 1 2 3 4 5 s (feet) 0 17 30 70 115 179 Estimate the instantaneous velocity when t = 2 by averaging the velocities for the periods [1, 2] and [2, 3].

ANSWER: 26.5 ft/s POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Medium Page 81

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.1.7b SCalc7e 1.4.7b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.1 SCalc7e Section 1.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM 10. The point

lies on the curve . If Q is the point slope of the secant line PQ (correct to six decimal places) for the value

use your calculator to find the .

a. 1.727458 b. 0.309017 c. 0.276393 d. 0.578885 e. 34.54915 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 12:23 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/25/2020 2:11 AM 11. If a rock is thrown upward on the planet Pluto with a velocity of 20 m/s, its height in meters t seconds later

is given by . Find the average velocity over the time interval decimal place if necessary.

. Round your answer to 1

a. 17.9 b. 9 c. 4.5 d. –9 e. 37.9 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 12:23 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:52 AM 12. The flash unit on a camera operates by storing charge on a capacitor and releasing it suddenly when the flash

is set off. The data in the table describe the charge Q remaining on the capacitor at time t (measured in seconds after the flash goes off). Use the data to estimate the electric current flowing from the capacitor to the flash bulb Page 82

when . Note: The slope of the tangent line represents the electric current flowing from the capacitor to the flash bulb (measured in microamperes). t (seconds) Q (microcoulombs)

0.00 80.00

0.02 68.00

0.04 52.29

0.06 42.70

0.08 37

0.10 27.9

a. –382.25 μA b. 764.5 μA c. –370 μA d. –632.5 μA e. –0.002 μA ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 12:23 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:54 AM

13. The point

lies on the curve

. Estimate the value of the slope of the tangent line to the curve at

. a. –4 b. 4 c. 2 d. –6 e. 8 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 12:23 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:57 AM 14. Using the graph below, find the slope of the secant line PQ.

Page 83

a. 6 b. 18 c. 2 d. –1 e. 3 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 12:23 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 8:03 AM 15. The data below shows Usain Bolt’s position during his gold medal winning 100-meter sprint at the 2008

summer Olympics. Find his average velocity between the 60 m and 90 m marks. t (seconds) s (meters)

1.85 10

2.87 20

3.78 30

4.65 40

5.50 50

6.32 60

7.14 70

7.96 80

8.79 90

9.69 100

a. 12.15 m/s b. 0.08 m/s c. 9.12 m/s d. 8.9 m/s e. 7.16 m/s ANSWER: POINTS:

a 1 Page 84

QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

DATE CREATED: 3/22/2016 12:23 PM DATE MODIFIED: 3/31/2016 6:36 AM 16. For the function f whose graph is shown, state the following.

ANSWER:

–∞

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.4d SCalc7e 3.4.4d QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.04.04 - Find vertical asymptotes of the graphs of functions using infinite limits.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 3:58 AM

1. Estimate the value of the following limit by graphing the function

.

Round your answer correct to two decimal places. a. 1.15 b. 0.85 Page 85

c. 1.05 d. 1.91 e. 0.95 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.28a SCalc7e 1.5.28a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/19/2021 10:48 AM 2. Use the graph of the function to state the value of

if it exists.

a. b. c. does not exist d. 1 e. ∞ ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.13c SCalc7e 1.5.13c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 3:41 AM 3. Use the graph of the function to state the value of

, if it exists.

Page 86

a. b. does not exist c. -∞ d. ∞ e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.14c SCalc7e 1.5.14c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:04 AM 4. Sketch the graph of the function f and evaluate

a.

.

b.

2

3

Page 87

c.

d.

3

2

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.11 SCalc7e 1.5.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 5:01 AM 5. Sketch the graph of the function f and evaluate

a.

b.

Page 88

Does not exist c.

5 d.

Does not exist

2

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.12 SCalc7e 1.5.12 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.05 - Find one-sided limits of functions graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:46 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 5:03 AM

Page 89

6. Use the graph of

to guess the limit

, if it exists.

a. 2 b. –1 c. 3 d. Does not exist ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.14c SCalc7e 1.5.14c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/25/2020 2:19 AM 7. If

, then if

exists, to what value does it converge?

a. 4.6 b. 6.6 c. 7.6 d. 5.6 e. 3.6 ANSWER: POINTS:

d 1 Page 90

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.2 SCalc7e 1.5.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 2:23 AM 8. Find the value of

.

. a. 0 b. -0.9 c. -0.9 d. -0.8 e. 0.16 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.13b SCalc7e 1.5.13b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.04 - Find one-sided limits of functions numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 2:29 AM

9. Find the value of

.

a. -0.000375 b. 0.0005 c. 0.000125 d. -0.000125 e. -0.00125 f. -0.00075 ANSWER:

d Page 91

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.41a SCalc7e 1.5.41a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 12:12 AM adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter

10. Find the vertical asymptotes of the function.

a. b. c. d. e. none of these ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

e 1 Medium SCalcET7 2.2.38a SCalc7e 1.5.38a Page 92

QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.04.04 - Find vertical asymptotes of the graphs of functions using infinite limits.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 6/19/2020 1:48 PM 11. Find the value of the limit.

a. 36 b. 6 c. 1296 d. 7776 e. 216 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 1.5.21 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 12:43 AM 12. Evaluate the function

at the given numbers (correct to six decimal places). Use the results to guess the value of the limit x 1.6 1.8 1.9

.

f(x)

Page 93

1.99 1.999 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.01 2.001 Limit

ANSWER:

2.612794, 2.540047, 2.506608, 2.477975, 2.475183, 2.362146, 2.415915, 2.444688, 2.471788, 2.474564, Limit: 2.474874

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.23 SCalc7e 1.5.23 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 12/21/2020 1:22 PM 13. By graphing the function

and zooming in toward the point where the graph crosses the y-axis, estimate the value of ANSWER:

12

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.40a SCalc7e 1.5.40a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:07 AM 14. Consider the following function.

Page 94

Determine the values of a for which

exists.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.11 SCalc7e 1.5.11 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 12:16 AM 15. Find the limit.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.34 SCalc7e 1.5.34 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.04 - Find one-sided limits of functions numerically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 12:19 AM 16. Use the graph of the function to find each limit.

Page 95

, ANSWER:

, ,

,

Does not exist

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.4abc SCalc7e 1.5.4abc QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.05 - Find one-sided limits of functions graphically.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 5:05 AM 17. Use the graph of the function to find each limit.

Page 96

,

,

ANSWER:

,

,

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.5abc SCalc7e 1.5.5abc QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.05 - Find one-sided limits of functions graphically.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 5:06 AM 18. Complete the table by computing f(x) at the given values of x, accurate to five decimal places. Use the

results to guess the indicated limit, if it exists, to three decimal places.

x f(x)

-0.9

-0.99

-0.999

-1.001

-1.01

-1.1

-0.99 0.33223

-0.999 0.33322

-1.001 0.33344

ANSWER:

x f(x) 0.333 POINTS:

-0.9 0.32258

-1.01 0.33445

-1.1 0.34483

1 Page 97

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.20 SCalc7e 1.5.20 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 3:36 AM 19. Complete the table by computing f(x) at the given values of x, accurate to five decimal places. Use the

results to guess the indicated limit, if it exists, to three decimal places.

x f(x)

–3.1

–3.01

ANSWER:

x f(x) 0.167

–3.001

–2.999

–2.99

–2.9

–3.1 0.16713

–3.01 0.16671

–3.001 0.16667

–2.999 0.16666

–2.99 0.16662

–2.9 0.16621

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.23 SCalc7e 1.5.23 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 9:15 AM 20. Complete the table by computing f(x) at the given values of x, accurate to five decimal places. Use the

results to guess the indicated limit, if it exists, to three decimal places.

x f(x)

-0.1

-0.01

-0.001

0.001

0.01

0.1

ANSWER: Page 98

x f(x) 0.333

-0.1 0.33839

-0.01 0.33338

-0.001 0.33333

0.001 0.33333

0.01 0.33338

0.1 0.33839

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.24 SCalc7e 1.5.24 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 3:40 AM 21. Sketch the graph of the function f and evaluate

a.

b.

–2

1

Page 99

c.

d.

–2

1

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.48b SCalc7e 1.6.48b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 5:08 AM adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter

22. Sketch the graph of the function f and evaluate

.

Page 100

a.

b.

–4 c.

Does not exist d.

Does not exist

–1

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.49a SCalc7e 1.6.49a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.05 - Find one-sided limits of functions graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 3:45 AM

Page 101

23. Use the graph of f(x) =

to guess the limit

, if it exists.

a. 1 b. 3 c. Does not exist d. 4 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.34a SCalc7e 1.6.33a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 12/22/2020 4:22 AM

24. Use the graph of f(x) =

to guess the limit

, if it exists.

Page 102

a. 2.0 b. 0.50 c. 0.17 d. Does not exist ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.34a SCalc7e 1.6.34a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 12/22/2020 4:23 AM

25. Estimate the value of the limit by graphing the function f(x) =

. State your answer correct to two decimal

places.

a. 3.14 b. 1.27 c. 3.82 d. 1.57 e. 0.64 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

e 1 Medium Page 103

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.33a SCalc7e 1.6.33a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:41 AM 26. Find the limit.

a. -∞ b. ∞ c. d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.8 SCalc7e 6.8.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.04 - Find one-sided limits of functions numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 5:57 AM 27. Find the limit.

a. –∞ b. ∞ c. d.

Page 104

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.48 SCalc7e 6.8.48 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.04 - Find one-sided limits of functions numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 5:56 AM 28. For the function f whose graph is given, find the limit.

ANSWER:

∞

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.6 SCalc7e 6.8.6 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/16/2020 11:44 PM 29. For the function f whose graph is shown, state the following.

Page 105

ANSWER:

–∞

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.4d SCalc7e 3.4.4d QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.04.04 - Find vertical asymptotes of the graphs of functions using infinite limits.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 3:58 AM

1. Evaluate the limit.

a. –448 b. –1286 c. –1306 d. –1296 e. 320 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.4 SCalc7e 1.6.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 106

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.02 - Evaluate limits using direct substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:03 AM

.

2. a. b. 1 c. d. 8 e. does not exist

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.38 SCalc7e 1.6.38 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.06 - Evaluate limits using the Squeeze Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 3:48 AM

.

3. a. –14 b. 1 c. 4 d. 14

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.3 SCalc7e 1.6.3 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.02 - Evaluate limits using direct substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 Page 107

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:47 PM 2/17/2020 3:50 AM

4. a. 8 b. – 8 c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.5 SCalc7e 1.6.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.02 - Evaluate limits using direct substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 3:54 AM

5. a. 2 b. 3 c. 1 d. Does not exist ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.11 SCalc7e 1.6.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2021 1:50 AM Page 108

6. a. Does not exist b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.25 SCalc7e 1.6.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:20 AM

.

7.

a. 0 b. 2 c. –2 d. Undefined ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.31 SCalc7e 1.6.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 Page 109

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:47 PM 1/30/2020 7:01 AM

8. a. 1 b. 15 c. 0 d. – 4 e. – 15 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.37 SCalc7e 1.6.37 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.06 - Evaluate limits using the Squeeze Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:10 AM 9. Evaluate the limit, if it exists.

a. 6x5 b. – 6 c. 1 d. – 6x5 e. does not exist ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.31 SCalc7e 1.6.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM Page 110

DATE MODIFIED:

1/30/2020 7:04 AM

10. a. 1 b. 5 c. 3.7 d. 2 e. 4 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.57 SCalc7e 1.6.57 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:34 AM 11. Find the limit.

a. 15 b. 3 c. 13 d. 50 e. –2 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.11 SCalc7e 1.6.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:11 AM Page 111

12. The symbol

can be used to denote the greatest integer function, which is defined by integer n such that n ≤ x. Use the graph of the function to find the indicated limit, if it exists.

the greatest

a. –2 b. –1 c. 1.5 d. –1.5 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.51a(iii)SCalc7e 1.6.51a(iii) QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.03 - Find a limit of a function graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:21 AM

13. Let F(x) =

. Find the following limits.

a. both 1 b. 2 and 1 c. 2 and –1 d. 1 and –1 e. both –1 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.49a SCalc7e 1.6.49a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.04 - Find one-sided limits of functions numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 6:00 AM Page 112

14. Find the limit.

a. 0 b. c.

d. e. does not exist ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.9 SCalc7e 1.6.9 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.02 - Evaluate limits using direct substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:33 AM 15. Find the limit.

a. ∞ b. 0 c. –∞ d. –2 e. 2 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.43 SCalc7e 1.6.43 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 113

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.04 - Find one-sided limits of functions numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 8:48 AM 16. Find the limit.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.20 SCalc7e 1.6.20 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 4:08 AM 17. Evaluate the limit.

ANSWER:

0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.41 SCalc7e 1.6.41 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.02 - Evaluate limits using direct substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 8:55 AM 18. Evaluate the limit.

Page 114

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.28 SCalc7e 1.6.28 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 8:19 AM 19. Find the limit.

ANSWER:

0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.39 SCalc7e 1.6.39 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.02 - Evaluate limits using direct substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 8:16 AM 20. Evaluate the limit.

ANSWER:

POINTS:

1 Page 115

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.19 SCalc7e 1.6.5 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.02 - Evaluate limits using direct substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:47 AM 21. Consider the following function.

Determine the values of a for which

exists.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.50 SCalc7e 1.6.50 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.04 - Find one-sided limits of functions numerically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:51 AM 22. Evaluate the limit.

ANSWER:

–1/8

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

1 Medium SCalcET7 2.3.21 SCalc7e 1.6.27 Numeric Response True Page 116

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:52 AM adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter

8

23. Find the limit if g(x) = x .

ANSWER:

625,000

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.12 SCalc7e 1.6.12 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.02 - Evaluate limits using direct substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:56 AM

24. Find the limit

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Easy Page 117

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.27 SCalc7e 1.6.27 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.04 - Find one-sided limits of functions numerically.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 9:21 AM

25. Find the limit

, if it exists.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.15 SCalc7e 1.6.15 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/25/2020 3:19 AM 3

26. Find the limit if g(x) = x .

ANSWER:

12

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.1.35 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 2.1 Page 118

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:49 PM 2/11/2020 8:13 AM

27. Evaluate the limit.

a. b. – 2 c. ∞ d. 0 e. 2 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.49 SCalc7e 6.8.49 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.04 - Find one-sided limits of functions numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:00 AM 28. Find the limit.

a. 0 b. ∞ c. –∞ d. 2 e. –6 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.8 SCalc7e 6.8.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.01.02 - Find a limit of a function numerically.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 119

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 7/20/2015 1:57 PM 1/31/2020 7:29 AM

29. Use the Squeeze Theorem to evaluate the limit

.

0 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.06 - Evaluate limits using the Squeeze Theorem.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 5:14 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2021 4:09 AM

2

1. A machinist is required to manufacture a circular metal disk with area 1000 cm . If the machinist is allowed an error 2 tolerance of ± 25 cm in the area of the disk, how close to the ideal radius must the machinist control the radius?

Round your answer to the nearest hundred thousandth. a.

cm

b.

cm

c.

cm

d.

cm

e.

cm

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.4.11b SCalc7e 1.7.11b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e Section 1.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2021 4:24 PM 2. You are given

and a tolerance ε. Find a number δ such that

whenever

a. 0.05 Page 120

b. 0.002 c. 0.03 d. 0.01 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.4.7 SCalc7e 1.7.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e 1.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 5:14 AM

3. Use the given graph of

to find a number δ such that

whenever

.

Round your answer to two decimal places.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Medium Page 121

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.4.4 SCalc7e 1.7.4 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e Section 1.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 5:18 AM 4. How close to –6 do we have to take x so that

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.4.41 SCalc7e 1.7.41 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.10 - Solve applied problems using limits.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e Section 1.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 5:20 AM 5. Use a graph to find a number δ such that

whenever

.

Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

1 Medium SCalcET7 2.4.5 SCalc7e 1.7.5 Numeric Response True Page 122

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e Section 1.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 3:03 AM 6. Use the definition of the limit to find values of δ that corresponds to ε = 0.75.

Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.4.35a SCalc7e 1.7.35a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e Section 1.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 1:41 AM 7. Use a graph to find a number δ such that

whenever

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.4.3 SCalc7e 1.7.3 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e Section 1.7 Page 123

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:48 PM 2/3/2020 9:49 AM

8. Find a number δ such that if

, then

, where

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.4.13 SCalc7e 1.7.13 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e Section 1.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 9:50 AM 9. How close to 2 do we have to take x so that 5x+3 is within a distance of 0.01 from 13?

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.4.41 SCalc7e 1.7.41 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.10 - Solve applied problems using limits.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e Section 1.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 5:45 AM 10. Use the precise definition of a limit to prove that ANSWER:

The function is

and

Let ε > 0 be given. Choose δ to be any real number greater than 0.

Page 124

We see that for any x such that

(actually for any x whatsoever), we have

This proves the assertion.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.4.24 SCalc7e 1.7.24 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.09 - Prove the existence of a limit using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e Section 1.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 3:27 AM 11. Use the precise definition of a limit to prove that

ANSWER:

The function is

and

Let ε > 0 be given. Choose We see that for any x such that

. , we have

This proves the assertion.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.4.5 SCalc7e 1.7.5 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.09 - Prove the existence of a limit using the epsilon-delta Page 125

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED: 12. Use the given graph of

definition of a limit.

Short Answer SCalcET7 Section 2.4 SCalc7e Section 1.7 7/20/2015 1:48 PM 2/4/2020 3:31 AM

to find a number δ such that if

.

, then

a. 0.14 b. 0.21 c. 0.18 d. 0.50 e. 0.35 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 7:19 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 5:39 AM

13. Given that

, find a number δ such that if

, then

.

Page 126

a. 0.041 b. 1.612 c. 0.002 d. 1.489 e. 0.029 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 7:19 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 1:54 AM

14. Given that

, use the definition of the limit to find the largest value of δ that to

.

a. 3.5 b. 7 c. 0.07 d. 0.25 e. 1.0 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 7:19 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 3:32 AM 15. Find a number δ such that if

, then

.

a. 0.09 b. 0.27 c. 0.54 d. 0.90 e. 0.54 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

Page 127

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

3/25/2016 7:19 AM 1/30/2020 5:51 AM

16. Evaluate the limit.

ANSWER:

∞

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.18 SCalc7e 1.6.18 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.02 - Evaluate limits using direct substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 1:23 AM 17. How close to 2 do we have to take x so that

is within a distance of 0.01 from 13?

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.2.48b SCalc7e 1.5.46b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.08 - Given a value of epsilon, find the value of delta using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.2 SCalc7e Section 1.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:27 AM 18. Given that

, and

ANSWER:

–4

POINTS:

1

6, evaluate the limit.

Page 128

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.1a SCalc7e 1.6.1a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:49 AM 19. You are given that

,

, and

. Find the limit

.

a. 5 b. 41 c. 0 d. 45 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.1 SCalc7e 1.6.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:28 AM

20. Is there a number a such that

exists? If so, find the value of a and the value of the

limit. a. a = 15, limit equals – 0.6 b. a = 15, limit equals 0.6 c. a = – 15, limit equals 0.6 d. a = – 15, limit equals – 0.6 e. a = 15, limit equals 19 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

b 1 Medium SCalcET7 2.3.63 SCalc7e 1.6.63 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) True Page 129

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:15 AM

1. Choose an equation from the following that expresses the fact that a function f is continuous at the number

4. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.1 SCalc7e 1.8.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.06 - Determine if a discontinuity is removable or nonremovable.

OTHER: Multiple Choice NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 5:54 AM 2. Determine where f is discontinuous.

a. 0 and 3 b. 0 and –3 c. 0 only d. –3 only e. 3 only ANSWER:

a Page 130

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.43 SCalc7e 1.8.43 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.04 - Identify intervals on which a function is continuous.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 5:59 AM 3. Use continuity to evaluate the limit.

a. 3π b. 1 c. –1 d. 0 e. ∞ ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.36 SCalc7e 1.8.36 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 5:57 AM 4. If f and g are continuous functions with

.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

e 1 Medium Page 131

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.11 SCalc7e 1.8.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 1:56 AM 5. Which of the given functions is discontinuous? a.

b.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.42 SCalc7e 1.8.42 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.05 - Identify functions that are continuous on their entire domain.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 6:00 AM 6. How would you define f(6) in order to make f continuous at 6?

a. f(6) = –5 b. f(6) = 9 c. f(6) = 0 d. f(6) = –9 e. None of these ANSWER:

b Page 132

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.23 SCalc7e 1.8.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.06 - Determine if a discontinuity is removable or nonremovable.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 9:10 AM 7. For what value of the constant c is the function f continuous on (–∞, ∞)?

a. c = 1 b. c = 8 c. c = –2 d. c = –8 e. c = 2 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.45 SCalc7e 1.8.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.05 - Identify functions that are continuous on their entire domain.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 6:01 AM 8. Use the graph to determine where the function is discontinuous.

Page 133

a. At 0 b. On the interval (0, 1) c. At ±3 d. At 1 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.3b SCalc7e 1.8.3b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.03 - Given its graph, identify numbers at which a function is not continuous.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 3:55 AM

9. Find the numbers, if any, where the function

is discontinuous.

a. –5 b. 5 c. 1 d. –3 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

c 1 Medium SCalcET7 2.5.18 SCalc7e 1.8.18 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 134

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.02 - Explain what it means for a function to be continuous on an interval.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 6:04 AM 10. Let

Find the value of k that will make f continuous on (–∞, ∞). a. 6 b. 79 c. 1 d. 3 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.45 SCalc7e 1.8.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.02 - Explain what it means for a function to be continuous on an interval.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:12 AM 11. Find the interval(s) where

is continuous.

a. [0, ∞) b. [–7, 7] c. (–∞, ∞) d. [–4, 7] ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

c 1 Medium SCalcET7 2.5.16 SCalc7e 1.8.16 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 135

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.04 - Identify intervals on which a function is continuous.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 6:18 AM

12. Define the function

at 0 so as to make it continuous at 0.

a. b. c. f(0) = 0 d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.24 SCalc7e 1.8.24 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.06 - Determine if a discontinuity is removable or nonremovable.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 10:13 AM 13. For x = 5 determine whether f is continuous from the right, from the left, or neither.

Page 136

ANSWER:

neither

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.3b SCalc7e 1.8.3b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.03 - Given its graph, identify numbers at which a function is not continuous.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 3:54 AM 14. Find the point at which the given function is discontinuous.

ANSWER:

5

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.42 SCalc7e 1.8.42 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.06 - Determine if a discontinuity is removable or nonremovable.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 6:06 AM 15. How would you define f(9) in order to make f continuous at 9?

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium SCalcET7 2.5.24 SCalc7e 1.8.24 Numeric Response Page 137

HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.06 - Determine if a discontinuity is removable or nonremovable.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 9:36 AM 16. If f and g are continuous functions with f(5) = 2 and

ANSWER:

, find g(5).

–1

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.11 SCalc7e 1.8.11 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 2:06 AM 17. Write an equation that expresses the fact that a function f is continuous at the number 9.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.1 SCalc7e 1.8.1 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.06 - Determine if a discontinuity is removable or nonremovable.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 9:38 AM 18. Find a function g that agrees with f for x ≠ 49 and is continuous on

.

Page 138

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.47a SCalc7e 1.8.47a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.02 - Explain what it means for a function to be continuous on an interval.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 2:08 AM 19. Use continuity to evaluate the limit.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.35 SCalc7e 1.8.35 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 9:56 AM

20. Find the limit

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

1 Easy SCalcET7 2.5.35 SCalc7e 1.8.35 Subjective Short Answer True Page 139

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 6:30 AM 21. Find the limit

.

4 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.36 SCalc7e 1.8.36 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 9:45 AM 22. Find the numbers, if any, where the function ANSWER:

is discontinuous.

None

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.17 SCalc7e 1.8.17 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.06 - Determine if a discontinuity is removable or nonremovable.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:13 AM

23. Find the numbers, if any, where the function

ANSWER:

±5

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Medium

is discontinuous.

Page 140

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.24 SCalc7e 1.8.24 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.06 - Determine if a discontinuity is removable or nonremovable.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 9:48 AM

24. Find the interval(s) where

ANSWER:

is continuous.

(–8, 0) and (0, 8)

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.27 SCalc7e 1.8.27 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.02 - Explain what it means for a function to be continuous on an interval.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 9:51 AM

25. Find the interval(s) where

ANSWER:

is continuous.

(0, 9) and (9, ∞)

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.5.31 SCalc7e 1.8.31 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.02 - Explain what it means for a function to be continuous on an interval.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.5 SCalc7e Section 1.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:48 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 6:34 AM Page 141

26. Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to determine the interval where the equation has a solution.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.09 - Solve problems using the Intermediate Value Theorem.

DATE CREATED: 2/2/2021 11:14 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2021 9:56 AM 27. The graph of a function g is given. On which interval(s) is the Intermediate Value Theorem applicable?

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS:

b, d 1 Page 142

QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.09 - Solve problems using the Intermediate Value Theorem.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 6:34 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2021 9:56 AM 28. Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that there is a solution of the equation

between 1 and 2. Then estimate this solution to one decimal place.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.03.09 - Solve problems using the Intermediate Value Theorem.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 7:27 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2021 9:57 AM

1. Find the limit.

a. –∞ b. 0 c. ∞ d. 1/5 e. –1/5 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.29 SCalc7e 3.4.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 10:27 AM 2. Let P(x) and Q(x) be polynomials.

Find

if the degree of P(x) is 6 and the degree of Q(x) is 8.

Page 143

a. –6 b. 8 c. 6 d. 0 e. –8 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.59 SCalc7e 3.4.59 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 10:28 AM 3. Find the limit.

a. b. 0 c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.43 SCalc7e 3.4.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 1:33 AM 4. Find the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of the graph of the function Page 144

. a.

HA

, VA

b.

HA

, VA none

c.

HA

, VA none

HA

, VA

d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.48 SCalc7e 3.4.46 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 4:13 AM 5. A skydiver leaps from a helicopter hovering high above the ground. Her velocity t sec later and before

deploying her parachute is given by

where v(t) is measured in meters per second. What is her terminal velocity? Hint: Evaluate a. 7.9 m/sec

b. 52.9 m/sec

c. 85 m/sec

d. 45 m/sec

.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.63 SCalc7e 3.4.62 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.03.01.10 - Solve applied problems involving exponential functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 Page 145

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:49 PM 2/4/2020 4:22 AM

6. Evaluate the limit.

a. 3 b. 1 c. ∞ d. π e. 0 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.36 SCalc7e 3.4.22 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 8:26 AM 7. Find the vertical asymptotes of the function.

a. b. c. x = 9 d. e. None of these ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

e 1 Medium ScalcET7 2.6.43 SCalc7e 3.4.34 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) True Page 146

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.04.04 - Find vertical asymptotes of the graphs of functions using infinite limits.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 1:39 AM

8. Let

. Find the following limits.

a. 2 and 1 b. 2 and –2 c. both 1 d. both 2 e. 2 and –1 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 2.6.42 SCalc7e 3.4.44 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.04.04 - Find vertical asymptotes of the graphs of functions using infinite limits.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 4:29 AM 9. Find the limit.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.15 SCalc7e 3.4.13 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

Page 147

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Numerical Response SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 7/20/2015 1:49 PM 2/6/2020 9:29 AM

10. Find the limit.

–3

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.26 SCalc7e 3.4.20 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 4:32 AM 3

2

3

11. Let f (x) = 2x – 5x + x – 2 and g (x) = 2x

a. Plot the graph of f and g using the same viewing window: [–5, 5] by [-5, 5]. b. Plot the graph of f and g using the same viewing window: [-50, 50] by [-100,000, 100,000] c. Explain why the graphs of f and g that you obtained in part (b) seem coalesce as x increases or decreases without bound.

ANSWER: a.

b.

Page 148

c. Answers will vary.

Possible solution: When I factor

, I can see that as the value of x 3

increases, f becomes closer to 2x · 1, which is the same as g.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.58a SCalc7e 3.4.58a QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.07 - Solve applied problems using limits at infinity.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/24/2020 5:55 AM plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination

Page 149

and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes

12. Use the graph of f to find the given limits.

(a) (b)

ANSWER:

(a) 1 (b) –1

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.3 SCalc7e 3.4.3 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.05 - Find horizontal asymptotes of functions using limits at Page 150

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

infinity.

Short Answer SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 7/20/2015 1:49 PM 2/14/2020 4:01 AM

13. Find the limit.

ANSWER:

0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.57a SCalc7e 3.4.57a QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:29 AM 14. You are given the graph of f. Find the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of the graph of f.

ANSWER:

HA y = 3, VA x = –1, 1

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Easy Page 151

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.3e SCalc7e 3.4.3e QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 4:03 AM

15. Find the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of the graph of the function

ANSWER:

.

HA y = 6, VA x = –5

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.33 SCalc7e 3.4.33 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:31 AM 16. A city’s population (in thousands) t years from now is estimated by

What will the population of the city be in the long run? Hint: Find

ANSWER:

.

26,000

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.6.13 SCalc7e 3.4.7 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.07 - Solve applied problems using limits at infinity.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.6 SCalc7e Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM Page 152

DATE MODIFIED:

2/6/2020 9:09 AM

17. Find the limit.

a. ∞ b. – 4 c. 0 d. 4 e. 2 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.15 SCalc7e 3.4.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.01 - Define limit at infinity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:15 AM 18. Find the limit.

a. –3 b. 3 c. 15 d. e. does not exist ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.30 SCalc7e 1.6.30 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.04 - Find limits at infinity algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 153

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 7/20/2015 1:47 PM 1/30/2020 5:59 AM

19. Evaluate the limit.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.16 SCalc7e 1.6.16 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:37 AM

3

1. Use the definition of the derivative to find f '(2), where f(x) = x - 3x. a. -9 b. 9 c. 12 d. 8 e. does not exist ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.28 SCalc7e 2.1.28 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.03 - Find the derivative of a function at a given point using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM Page 154

2. The cost (in dollars) of producing x units of a certain commodity is 2

C(x) =4,571 + 15x + 0.04x .

Find the instantaneous rate of change with respect to x when x = 103. (This is called the marginal cost.) a. 8.24 b. 23.24 c. 27.36 d. 22.21 e. 19.12 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.45b SCalcET7 2.1.45b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.04 - Find the instantaneous rate of change of a function at a given point.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM 3. If the tangent line to y = f(x) at (6, 10) passes through the point (2, –32), find f '(6). a. f '(6) = 30.5 b. f '(6) = 20.5 c. f '(6) = 10.5 d. f '(6) = 35.5 e. f '(6) = -10.5 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.20 SCalc7e 2.1.20 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.03 - Find the derivative of a function at a given point using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM Page 155

3

4. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve y = x - 2x at the point (2, 4). a. y = x - 4 b. y = 4 + 2x c. y = 2 - 2x d. y = 2 + 2x e. None of these ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.6 SCalc7e 2.1.6 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM 3

5. Find an equation of the tangent line to the parabola y = 3x at the point (–3, –137). a. y = 81x - 106 b. y = 101x - 106 c. y = 81x + 106 d. y = 101x + 106 e. y = 101x - 243 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.4a SCalc7e 2.1.4a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM x

6. The slope of the tangent line to the graph of the exponential function y = 3 at the point (0, 1) is

. Estimate

the slope to three decimal places.

Page 156

a. 1.792 b. 1.386 c. 1.946 d. 1.099 e. 0.693 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.7.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.05 - Find the slope of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:58 AM 2

7. Find the slope of the tangent line to the curve y = 4x at the point (–4, 64). a. –32 b. 32 c. –4 d. 4 e. 16 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.5 SCalc7e 2.1.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.05 - Find the slope of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM 3

8. Find the instantaneous rate of change of the function f(x) = x + 8x when x = –3. a. –24 Page 157

b. 35 c. –48 d. 8 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.28 SCalc7e 2.1.28 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.04 - Find the instantaneous rate of change of a function at a given point.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM 2

9. Find the tangent line to the parabola y = 7x - x at the point (2, 10). a. y = 3x + 4 b. c.

d. e. None of these ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7. SCalc7e 2.1.3a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:01 AM 10. The cost (in dollars) of producing x units of a certain commodity is 2

C(x) = 4,280 + 13x + 0.03x .

Find the average rate of change with respect to x when the production level is changed from x = 106 to x = 116.

Page 158

a. 22.96 b. 14.36 c. 29.88 d. 16.36 e. 19.66 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.45a SCalc7e 2.1.45a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.03 - Find the derivative of a function at a given point using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM 11. If an equation of the tangent line to the curve y = f(x) at the point where a = 3 is y = 7x - 3 find f(3) and f '(3). a. f(3) = 7

f '(3) = 23 b. f(3) = 7 f '(3) = 18 c. f(3) = 23 f '(3) = 7 d. f(3) = 18 f '(3) = 7 e. f(3) = 18 f '(3) = 18 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.19 SCalc7e 2.1.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.03 - Find the derivative of a function at a given point using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM 12. If a cylindrical tank holds 1,000,000 gallons of water, which can be drained from the bottom of the tank in Page 159

an hour, then Torricelli's Law gives the volume of water remaining in the tank after t minutes as , 0 ≤ t ≤ 60 Find the rate at which the water is flowing out of the tank (the instantaneous rate of change of V with respect to t) as a function of t.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.46 SCalc7e 2.1.46 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:08 AM 13. The graph shows the percentage of households in a certain city watching television during a 24-hr period on a weekday (t = 0 corresponds to 6 a.m.). By computing the slope of the respective tangent line, estimate the rate of change of the percentage of households watching television at a-7 p.m.

Note that dy = 1.2

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

Falling at 0.4% /hr 1 Easy SCalcET7 2.7.42 SCalc7e 2.1.42 Subjective Short Answer Page 160

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.05 - Find the slope of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 6:08 AM

14. Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of

at the point

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.8 SCalc7e 2.1.8 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:15 AM 2

15. Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of f(x) = 3x - 6 at the point (1, –3).

ANSWER: y = 6x –9 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.5 SCalc7e 2.1.5 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM 16. Suppose the total cost in maunufacturing x units of a certain product is C(x) dollars.

Page 161

a. What does C'(x) measure? Give units. b. What can you say about the sign of C' ? c. Given that C'(1,000) = 16, estimate the additional cost in producing the 1,001st unit of the product.

ANSWER: a. C'(x), measured in dollars per unit, gives the instantaneous rate of changes of the total manufacturing cost C when x units of a certain product are produced. b. Positive c. $16 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.47 SCalc7e 2.1.47 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.03 - Find the derivative of a function at a given point using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM 17. Find the derivative of the function and evaluate f '(x) at the given value of x.

x=9 162 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.23 SCalc7e 2.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.03 - Find the derivative of a function at a given point using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 5:04 AM 18. The level of nitrogen dioxide present on a certain June day in downtown Megapolis is approximated by 3

4

A(t) = 0.03t (t - 7) + 64.6 where A(t) is measured in pollutant standard index and t is measured in hours with t = 0 corresponding to 7 a.m. What is the average level of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere from 1 a.m. to 2 p.m. on that day? Round to two decimal places.

ANSWER: 14,236.56 pollutant standard index POINTS:

1 Page 162

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.16 SCalc7e 2.1.16 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.03 - Find the derivative of a function at a given point using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM

19. If ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.5.11 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.03 - Find the derivative of a function at a given point using the definition of derivative.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:38 AM 20. Find f '(a).

ANSWER:

1–16a

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.1.27 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.03 - Find the derivative of a function at a given point using the definition of derivative.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 2.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:49 PM Page 163

DATE MODIFIED:

1/30/2020 7:26 AM

21. Find the limit by evaluating the derivative of a suitable function at an appropriate value of x. (Hint: Use the

definition of the derivative.)

a. 2 b. 3 c. 0 d. ∞ ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.38 SCalc7e 1.6.17 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.02.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:15 AM 22. A cliff diver plunges from a height of 81 ft above the water surface. The distance the diver falls in t seconds is given by the function (a) After how many seconds will the diver hit the water? (b) With what velocity does the diver hit the water?

ANSWER:

(a) after 2.25 seconds (b) 72 ft/s POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 7:41 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/2/2021 12:07 PM

23. The displacement (in feet) of a particle moving in a straight line is given by

, where t is

measured in seconds.

Find the instantaneous velocity when

.

Page 164

a. 6 ft/s b. 38 ft/s c. 10 ft/s d. 28 ft/s ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 7:51 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/15/2021 9:20 AM 24. The displacement (in meters) of a particle moving in a straight line is given by the equation of motion

, where t is measured in seconds. Find the velocity of the particle at time

.

10 m/s ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 9:00 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/15/2021 9:25 AM

1. At what point is the function

not differentiable.

a. 0 b. 7 c. 1 d. -1 e. -7 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.8.53 SCalc7e 2.2.51 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.07 - Determine where a function is differentiable.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.8 SCalc7e Section 2.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:50 PM Page 165

DATE MODIFIED: 2. If

1/30/2020 1:52 AM

use the definition of derivative to find g'(x). a. b. c. d. e. None of these

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.8.32c SCalc7e 2.2.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.02.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.8 SCalc7e Section 2.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:50 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:07 AM 3. If

find the domain of

.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.8.27 SCalc7e 2.2.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 166

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.07 - Determine where a function is differentiable.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.8 SCalc7e Section 2.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:50 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 2:24 AM 4. Match the graph of the function with the graph of its derivative.

a.

b.

Page 167

c.

d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.8.3a SCalc7e 2.2.3a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 168

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.05 - Given the graph of a function, sketch the graph of its derivative.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.8 SCalc7e Section 2.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:50 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/21/2020 5:36 AM 5. Use the graph of the function f to find the value(s) of x at which f is not differentiable.

a. – 1 b. 0 c. ± 1 d. 1 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.8.37 SCalc7e 2.2.35 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.07 - Determine where a function is differentiable.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.8 SCalc7e Section 2.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:50 PM DATE MODIFIED: 9/28/2020 10:35 AM Page 169

6. Sketch the graph of the derivative f' of the function f whose graph is given.

ANSWER:

Page 170

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.8.6 SCalc7e 2.2.6 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.05 - Given the graph of a function, sketch the graph of its derivative.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.8 SCalc7e Section 2.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:50 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 4:54 AM 7. Let

. a. Sketch the graph of f. b. For what values of x is f differentiable? c. Find a formula for f'(x). plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes

ANSWER:

a.

Page 171

b. c.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.8.55 SCalc7e 2.2.53 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.01 - Define derivative of a function.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.8 SCalc7e Section 2.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:50 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:02 AM 8. Show that the function is continuous but not differentiable at the given value of x.

ANSWER:

f (x) is continuous at 0 since both

and Page 172

are equal to f (0) = –5.

f (x) is not differentiable at 0 since the left-hand limit of the quotient does not equal its right-hand limit as shown below.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.8.56d SCalc7e 2.2.54d QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MOD Basic E: LEARNING OBJECTIVE CALC.COH.LO.02.01.07 - Determine where a function is differentiable.

S: OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.8 SCalc7e Section 2.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:50 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 1:23 AM 9. Find the derivative of the function.

2

f(x) = 14 - 2x + 6x ANSWER:

12x - 2

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.8.24 SCalc7e 2.2.22 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.01 - Define derivative of a function.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.8 SCalc7e Section 2.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:50 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:50 PM 10. Find the derivative of the function using the definition of derivative.

a.

Page 173

b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.02.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the definition of derivative.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 8:30 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:04 AM 11. Find the derivative of the function using the definition of derivative.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.02.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the definition of derivative.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 8:56 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:08 AM 12. Let N represent the number of houses in a small community t years after January 1, 2010. Interpret the

statement

.

a. On January 1, 2015, the number of houses was increasing at a rate of four houses per year. b. On January 1, 2014, the number of houses was increasing at a rate of five houses per year. c. There were four houses built in 2015.

Page 174

d. There were five houses built in 2014. e. On January 1, 2015, there were four houses remaining in the community.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.02 - Interpret the meaning of the derivative of a function.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 9:11 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 1:22 AM 13. Find the derivative of the function using the definition of derivative.

a.

b. c. d.

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.02.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the definition of derivative.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 9:35 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:09 AM 14. The figure shows graphs of f, f ', and f ''. Identify each curve.

Page 175

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 10:19 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/21/2020 6:28 AM 15. Use the definition of the derivative to find f ''.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS:

a 1 Page 176

QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.07 - Find higher-order derivatives of polynomial functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/23/2016 10:25 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 4:29 AM 16. Write the expression as a derivative of a function of x.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.3.32 SCalc7e 1.6.32 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.02.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.3 SCalc7e Section 1.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:47 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 5:01 AM 17. If ANSWER:

, find

and

.

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.07 - Find higher-order derivatives of polynomial functions.

DATE CREATED: 2/15/2021 5:51 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/15/2021 6:09 AM

1. Use the definition of the derivative to find the derivative of the function.

Page 177

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.05 - Find the derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 2:09 AM 2. Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of the function at the indicated point.

a. b. c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.33 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal Page 178

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 3.1 7/20/2015 1:51 PM 1/31/2020 6:19 AM

3. Find the derivative of the function.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 3.1.14 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.04 - Apply the Power Rule for derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 5:53 AM 4. Find the derivative of the function.

a. b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

c 1 Medium 3.1.11 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 179

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.04 - Apply the Power Rule for derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:22 AM 5. Find the derivative of the function.

a. b. c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.02 - Apply the Sum and Difference Rule for derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 2:15 AM 6. Find the derivative of the function.

a.

b.

Page 180

c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.02 - Apply the Sum and Difference Rule for derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 1:00 AM 7. Find the derivative of the function.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.22 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.02 - Apply the Sum and Difference Rule for derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET Page 181

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal Section 3.1 7/20/2015 1:51 PM 2/6/2020 5:16 AM

8. Differentiate the function.

a.

b. c.

d. e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.12 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.04 - Apply the Power Rule for derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:27 AM 9. Find the points on the curve ANSWER:

where the tangent is horizontal.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.51 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.02 - Interpret the meaning of the derivative of a function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response Page 182

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED: 10. Find

Section 3.1 7/20/2015 1:51 PM 1/30/2020 7:32 AM

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.7 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.05 - Find the derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:50 AM 11. Let

.

a. Find the derivative . b. Find the point on the graph of f where the tangent line to the curve is horizontal. c. Sketch the graph of f and the tangent line to the curve at the point found in part (b). d. What is the rate of change of f at this point?

ANSWER:

a. 2x– 4 b. (2, 0)

Page 183

c.

d. 0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.48 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:41 AM 12. Find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Easy 3.1.16 Subjective Short Answer Page 184

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.02 - Apply the Sum and Difference Rule for derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 2:12 AM 13. Find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 3.1.7 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.05 - Find the derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 2:08 AM 14. Find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Easy Page 185

REFERENCES: 3.1.8 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.02 - Apply the Sum and Difference Rule for derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 1:41 AM 15. Find the derivative function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 3.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.02 - Apply the Sum and Difference Rule for derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 1:53 AM 16. Differentiate:

a. b.

c.

Page 186

d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.05 - Find the derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 5:43 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 2:50 AM 17. Differentiate the function.

0 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.03 - Apply the Constant Rule for derivatives.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 9:21 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2021 10:03 AM 18. Differentiate the function.

0 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.03 - Apply the Constant Rule for derivatives.

DATE CREATED: 1/22/2021 9:40 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2021 10:02 AM 19. Find the derivative of the function .

0 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 187

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.03 - Apply the Constant Rule for derivatives.

DATE CREATED: 1/24/2021 9:00 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2021 10:03 AM 20. Find the derivative of the function ANSWER:

.

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.04 - Apply the Power Rule for derivatives.

DATE CREATED: 1/24/2021 9:11 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2021 10:03 AM

1. Differentiate:

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 3.2.3 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 2:33 AM plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations

Page 188

toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes

2. Differentiate:

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.2.13 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.02 - Find derivatives of functions using the Quotient Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 3/3/2020 4:21 AM 3. Find f ''(x)

a.

b.

Page 189

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: 3.2.29 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.02 - Find derivatives of functions using the Quotient Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 7:41 AM 4. Find f ' in terms of g '.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 3.2.51a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 7:44 AM

5. If

ANSWER:

–3.75

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium 3.2.46 Numeric Response Page 190

HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.02 - Find derivatives of functions using the Quotient Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 4:07 AM 6. Find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.2.12 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 7:50 AM 7. Find the equation of the tangent line to the given curve at the specified point.

ANSWER:

y = 4x

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.2.33 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 2:43 AM Page 191

8. Differentiate:

a.

b. c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 5:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 3:02 AM 9. Differentiate:

a.

b. c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: POINTS: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

a 1 Multiple Choice True Page 192

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.02 - Find derivatives of functions using the Quotient Rule.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 5:33 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 11:18 PM

10. Suppose that

,

,

, and

. Find the value of

.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.02 - Find derivatives of functions using the Quotient Rule.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 5:48 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 2:58 AM 11. If and a. 62800

for all , find

.

b. 31400 c. 125600 d. 15700 e. 94200 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 6:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 11:50 PM 12. How many tangent lines to the curve

pass through the point

?

a. 0 b. 1 Page 193

c. 2 d. 3 e. 4 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.02 - Interpret the meaning of the derivative of a function.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 6:26 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 11:55 PM

13. Find equations of tangent lines to the curve

that are parallel to the line

.

a.

, b.

,

c.

,

d.

, e.

, ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.02 - Interpret the meaning of the derivative of a function.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 6:51 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 4:20 AM 14. Find the second derivative of the function.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

c 1 Difficult Page 194

REFERENCES: 3.1.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 2:20 AM

15. Find an equation of the line tangent to the graph of

at the point where x = 0.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.35 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.02 - Find derivatives of functions using the Quotient Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:26 AM 16. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Medium 3.1.33 Page 195

QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:39 AM 17. Find the first and the second derivatives of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.43 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.02 - Find derivatives of functions using the Quotient Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:44 AM

18. If

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.5.11 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.02 - Find derivatives of functions using the Quotient Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 3:08 AM Page 196

1. Find the given derivative by finding the first few derivatives and observing the pattern that occurs.

a. b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.3.49 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.01 - Find derivatives of sine and cosine functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 3:51 AM 2. Find the derivative of the function.

f(x) = 9 cos x – 6x - 7 a. 9 sin x - 6 b. –9 cos x - 6 c. 9 cos x - 6 d. –9 sin x - 6 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 3.3.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.01 - Find derivatives of sine and cosine functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM Page 197

DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:51 PM

3. Find the derivative of the function.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 3.3.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:07 AM 4. A mass on a spring vibrates horizontally on a smooth level surface (see the figure). Its equation of motion is

, where t is in seconds and x in centimeters.

Find the velocity at time t.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS:

d 1 Page 198

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.3.35a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the derivatives of trigonometric functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 3:46 AM

5. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve

at the point

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.3.21 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 6:48 AM 6. Differentiate.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium 3.3.2 Numeric Response Page 199

HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:20 AM 7. Find the limit.

ANSWER:

0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.3.39 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.05 - Evaluate limits of transcendental functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 12:56 AM 8. Calculate y'.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.3.7 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.01 - Find derivatives of sine and cosine functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 7:31 AM Page 200

9. Differentiate.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.3.4 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.02.04 - Find derivatives of transcendental functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:18 AM 10. Find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: 3.3.15 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:22 AM 11. A 18-ft ladder leaning against a wall begins to slide. How fast is the angle between the ladder and the wall

changing at the instant of time when the bottom of the ladder is 10 ft from the wall and sliding away from the Page 201

wall at the rate of 4 ft/sec? Round the answer to the nearest hundredth.

(figure not to scale)

ANSWER:

0.27 rad/sec

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: 3.3.37 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the derivatives of trigonometric functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 4:30 AM 12. Find the limit.

a. b. c. d. 1 e. 0 ANSWER: POINTS: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

a 1 Multiple Choice True Page 202

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.05 - Evaluate limits of transcendental functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:12 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 5:11 AM 13. Find constants A and B such that the function

satisfies the differential equation

. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.01 - Find derivatives of sine and cosine functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:12 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 5:27 AM

14. Suppose

and

and let

. Find

.

a. b. –11 c. 22 d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:12 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/8/2021 10:04 AM 15. Find the second derivative of the function.

Page 203

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.43 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:23 AM 16. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the given point.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.33 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:55 AM 17. Find all points at which the tangent line is horizontal on the graph of the function.

ANSWER:

Page 204

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.1.51 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.01 - Find derivatives of sine and cosine functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 12/25/2020 3:24 AM 18. Find the second derivative of the function.

6

h(t) = (t + 2) sin t 4

ANSWER:

5

6

30t sin t + 12t cos t – t sin t – 2 sin t

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: 3.1.44 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM 19. The position function of a body moving along a coordinate line is

s(t) = 4 sin t + 5 cos t where t is measured in seconds and s(t) in feet. Find the position, velocity, speed, and acceleration of the body when

.

ANSWER:

Position: 4 ft Velocity: –5 ft /sec Speed: 5 ft /sec 2 Acceleration: –4 ft /sec

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Medium Page 205

REFERENCES: 3.1.48 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the derivatives of trigonometric functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 8:04 AM 20. Find the limit.

a. 0 b. 2 c. 1 d. 6 cos 1 e. 6 sin 1 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.4.42 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.05 - Evaluate limits of transcendental functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 2.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 3:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 2:52 AM

1. Find f ´ in terms of g´.

f (x) = [g(x)]

3

a. f ´(x) = 3g(x) b. f ´(x) = 3[g(x)]2g´(x) c. f ´(x) = 3[g´(x)]2 d. f ´(x) = 3[gx][xg´ + g] e. f ´(x) = 3g´(x) Page 206

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.7 SCalc7e 2.5.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM 2. Find the derivative of the function.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.17 SCalc7e 2.5.17 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 11:25 PM 3. Find the point(s) on the graph of f where the tangent line is horizontal.

a.

Page 207

b.

c. (0, 0) d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.4.59 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:23 AM 4. Calculate y' .

a.

b.

c. d.

e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.4.34 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 208

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.02 - Find derivatives of functions using the Quotient Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 12:41 AM plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes

5. Suppose that F(x) = f(g(x)) and g(14) = 2, g'(14) = 5, f '(14) = 15, and f '(2) = 11.

Find F'(14). a. 20 b. 55 c. 24 d. 140 e. 17 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.61 SCalc7e 2.5.61 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

Page 209

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 7/20/2015 1:52 PM 1/30/2020 12:38 AM

6. Find the derivative of the following function and calculate it for x = 25 to the nearest tenth.

a. 1.1 b. 0.1 c. 0.3 d. –0.9 e. 0.2 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.42 SCalc7e 2.5.42 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 12:40 AM 7. If

, find f ''(2). a. –0.245 b. –0.033 c. 0.015 d. –0.22 e. 0.044

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.5.50 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal Page 210

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 2.5 7/20/2015 1:52 PM 1/30/2020 12:43 AM

8. Find the derivative of the function.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.8 SCalc7e 2.5.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 2:47 AM 9. Find the derivative of the function.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

b 1 Medium 2.5.35 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 211

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 4:53 AM 10. Find the derivative of the function.

g(t) = tan(cos 6t) a. –6 sin 6t sec2(cos 6t) b. 6 sin 6t sec2(cos 6t) c. sin 6t sec2(cos 6t) d. –sin 6t sec2(cos 6t) ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.31 SCalc7e 2.5.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 1:35 AM 11. Find the second derivative of the function.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

b 1 Difficult 2.5.50 Page 212

QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 1:55 AM

12. If u is a differentiable function of x and f (x) = |u| then

.

Use this to find the derivative of the following function.

2

f (x) = |x – 36| a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.5.88c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:31 AM 2

13. If f(x) = 6cos x + sin x, find f '(x) and f ''(x). a. f ''(x) = –6cos(2x) + 2cos(x) b. f '(x) = –6sin(x) + sin(2x) Page 213

c. f '(x) = –6sin(2x) + sin(x) d. f ''(x) = –6cos(x) + 2cos(2x) e. f ''(x) = –2cos(2x) + 6cos(x) ANSWER: b, d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.48 SCalc7e 2.5.48 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.01 - Find derivatives of sine and cosine functions.

OTHER: Multiple Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM

14. The displacement of a particle on a vibrating string is given by the equation

, where

s is measured in centimeter and t in seconds. Find the velocity of the particle after t seconds.

ANSWER:

πcos(20πt)

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.79 SCalc7e 2.5.75 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the derivatives of trigonometric functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 11:31 PM 15. Calculate y’.

ANSWER:

Page 214

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.4.23 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 4:43 AM 16. Use the table to estimate the value of h' (10.5), where h(x) = f(g(x)) and g(10.5) = 10.1.

x f '(x) g'(x)

10 4.5 6.5

ANSWER:

10.1 3.1 5.9

10.2 10.3 5.6 4.3 4.7 4.2 31

10.4 2.5 5.4

10.5 10.6 9.9 7.8 10 6.3

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.63a SCalc7e 2.5.63a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM 17. Differentiate.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.11 SCalc7e 2.5.11 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.02 - Find derivatives of functions using the Quotient Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 Page 215

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:52 PM 1/30/2020 2:17 AM

18. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the given point.

ANSWER:

y=

x+3

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.5.55a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 11:39 PM 19. Calculate y'.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.5.29 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 2:23 AM 20. Find y''', if

.

Page 216

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.5.9 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 2:25 AM 21. Find all points at which the tangent line is horizontal on the graph of the function.

2

y(x) = 6 sin x + sin x ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.59 SCalc7e 2.5.59 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 4:46 AM 22. Identify the “inside function” u = f (x) and the “outside function” y = g (u). Then find dy/dx using the Chain

Rule.

Page 217

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.1 SCalc7e 2.5.1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 4:49 AM 23. Find the derivative of the function.

3

f (x) = x sin x ANSWER:

3

2

sin x + 3x cos x sin x

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.4.14 SCalc7e 2.5.14 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.4 SCalc7e Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/8/2021 10:23 AM 24. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the given point.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Medium 3.1.33 Page 218

QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:55 AM 25. A body moves along a coordinate line in such a way that its position function at any time t is given by

where

is measured in feet and t in seconds. Find the velocity and acceleration of the body when

.

ANSWER:

Velocity: Acceleration:

ft/sec 2

ft/sec

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: 3.1.48 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:51 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 12:24 AM 26. Differentiate the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS:

1 Page 219

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.4.17 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.02 - Apply the Sum and Difference Rule for derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 11:26 PM plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes

1. Find the tangent line to the ellipse

at the point

.

a. b.

c. d.

Page 220

e. None of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.76 SCalc7e 2.6.60 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:54 AM 2. Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.25 SCalc7e 2.6.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 10:13 AM

3. Find

by implicit differentiation.

Page 221

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.1 SCalc7e 2.6.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 10:18 AM

4. Find

by implicit differentiation.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

d 1 Medium 3.5.10 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 222

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 10:22 AM 5. Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the indicated point.

a. y = x b. c. y = 1 d. y = 5x + 1 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.26 SCalc7e 2.6.26 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:59 AM

6. Find

in terms of x and y.

a. b. c.

Page 223

d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.37 SCalc7e 2.6.37 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 4:46 AM 7. Calculate y'.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e. none of these ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.8 SCalc7e 2.6.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 10:26 AM Page 224

8. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve

at the point (4,1).

a. b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.31 SCalc7e 2.6.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:05 AM 9. Find an equation of the tangent line to the given curve at the indicated point.

a.

Page 225

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.27 SCalc7e 2.6.27 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 12:48 AM 10. Calculate y'.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.23 SCalc7e 2.6.23 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 10:34 AM 11. Calculate y'.

Page 226

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.5.15 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:29 AM 12. Calculate y'.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.12 SCalc7e 2.6.12 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 10:36 AM 13. Find y' by implicit differentiation.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Medium SCalcET7 3.5.13 SCalc7e 2.6.13 Page 227

QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:34 AM

14. Find

by implicit differentiation.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.6 SCalc7e 2.6.6 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:09 AM 15. Find the rate of change of y with respect to x at the given values of x and y.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.28 SCalc7e 2.6.8 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

Page 228

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 7/20/2015 1:53 PM 2/10/2020 10:38 AM

16. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.5.45 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/21/2020 7:03 AM 17. Find an equation of the tangent line to the given curve at the indicated point.

Page 229

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.28 SCalc7e 2.6.29 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 12:55 AM 18. The curve with the equation

is called an asteroid. Find an equation of the tangent to the curve

at the point (

, 1).

Page 230

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.30 SCalc7e 2.6.30 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 7:53 AM 19. Two curves are said to be orthogonal if their tangent lines are perpendicular at each point of intersection of

the curves. Show that the curves of the given equations are orthogonal. y–

x=

,

x=

cos y

Page 231

ANSWER:

The curves intersect at For For

, ,

; at

,

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.5.65 SCalc7e 2.6.51 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.5 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 12:58 AM 2

2

20. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve 2x + 3y = 5 at the point (1, 1).

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 2.7.6 SCalc7e 2.6.27 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 2.7 SCalc7e Section 2.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:17 AM 21. Find

by implicit differentiation.

ANSWER:

POINTS: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Subjective Short Answer Page 232

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

DATE CREATED: 1/24/2021 11:01 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2021 10:14 AM 22. If ANSWER:

, find the value of

at the point where

.

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 5:27 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2021 10:14 AM

1. Calculate y'.

a. b. c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.19 SCalc7e 6.4.21 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 Page 233

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:53 PM 2/4/2020 7:21 AM

2. If

.

, find a. b. 0.5 c.

d. e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.6 SCalc7e 6.4.6 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:25 AM 3. Differentiate the function.

a. b.

c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

c 1 Medium SCalcET7 3.6.2 SCalc7e 6.4.2 Page 234

QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:39 AM 4. Differentiate the function.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.13 SCalc7e 6.4.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:23 AM plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid

Page 235

stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes

5. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivative of the function.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.43 SCalc7e 6.4.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.03 - Find derivatives of functions using logarithmic differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:26 AM 6. Use implicit differentiation to find dy/dx.

Page 236

a. b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.51 SCalc7e 6.4.55 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.02 - Find derivatives of functions using implicit differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:27 AM 7. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivative of the function.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.43 SCalc7e 6.4.47 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.03 - Find derivatives of functions using logarithmic differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 Page 237

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:53 PM 2/10/2020 9:51 AM

8. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivative of the function.

a.

b.

c.

d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.41 SCalc7e 6.4.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.03 - Find derivatives of functions using logarithmic differentiation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:35 AM

9. Find

.

a.

b.

Page 238

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.54 SCalc7e 6.4.58 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 4:19 AM 10. Differentiate the function.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.4.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.4 Page 239

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:53 PM 2/4/2020 11:11 PM

11. Differentiate the function.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.3 SCalc7e 6.4.3 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.01 - Find derivatives of sine and cosine functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 12:30 AM 12. Differentiate the function.

a. b. c. d. e.

Page 240

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.10 SCalc7e 6.4.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 12:49 AM 13. Differentiate the function.

a. b.

c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.4.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:58 AM 14. Differentiate the function.

Page 241

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.20 SCalc7e 6.4.20 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 1:23 AM 15. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.39 SCalc7e 6.4.43 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.03 - Find derivatives of functions using logarithmic differentiation.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 1:30 AM 16. Differentiate the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS:

1 Page 242

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.4 SCalc7e 6.4.4 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 1:34 AM 17. Differentiate the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.43 SCalc7e 6.4.47 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.03 - Find derivatives of functions using logarithmic differentiation.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 6:47 AM 18. Find y' if ln xy = 2ysinx.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Medium 6.4.55 Page 243

QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 10:02 AM 19. Differentiate the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.4 SCalc7e 6.4.4 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:29 AM 20. Differentiate the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.12 SCalc7e 6.4.12 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.06 - Find derivatives of logarithmic functions.

Page 244

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 7/20/2015 1:53 PM 2/10/2020 10:04 AM

21. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.33 SCalc7e 6.4.37 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 1:59 AM 22. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.6.43 SCalc7e 6.4.37 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.03 - Find derivatives of functions using logarithmic differentiation.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.6 SCalc7e Section 6.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:53 PM Page 245

DATE MODIFIED:

2/3/2020 2:02 AM

23. Find the derivative of the function.

y = 7 sin

–1

2

(x )

a. b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.6.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.04 - Find derivatives of inverse sine and inverse cosine functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 4:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 2:10 AM

24. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve

at the point (1, 6π).

a.

b.

c. d. e.

ANSWER:

c Page 246

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.6.40 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.06.06 - Find the equation of a tangent line to a curve at a given point.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 4:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 4:18 AM 25. Find

.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e. none of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.R.27 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 4:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 4:27 AM 26. Find the limit if it exists.

Page 247

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

DATE CREATED: 2/5/2021 6:59 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2021 9:16 AM 27. Find the limit if it exists.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

DATE CREATED: 2/5/2021 7:27 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2021 9:22 AM 28. Find the limit if it exists.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.02.03 - Evaluate limits of functions using limit laws.

DATE CREATED: 2/5/2021 7:29 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2021 9:18 AM

1. The equation of motion is given for a particle, where s is in meters and t is in seconds. Find the acceleration

after 5.5 seconds.

a. 0 m/s2 b. –166.375π2 m/s2 Page 248

c. –30.25π m/s2 d. 166.375π2 m/s2 e. 30.25π m/s2 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.3g SCalc7e 2.7.3g QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the derivatives of trigonometric functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 2:04 AM 2. Find the average rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius r as r changes from 3 to 8. a. 8π b. 6π c. 36π d. 12π e. 11π ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.13a SCalc7e 2.7.13a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 3. The mass of the part of a metal rod that lies between its left end and a point x meters to the right is 2

S = 4x .

Find the linear density when x is 3 m. a. 20 b. 24 Page 249

c. 18 d. 12 e. 4 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.17a SCalc7e 2.7.17a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 4. Suppose the daily total cost (in dollars) of manufacturing x televisions is

What is the marginal cost when x = 500? What is the actual cost incurred in manufacturing the 501st television? a. $465.00, $465.93 b. $262.00, $262.41 c. $465.00, $465.68 d. $262.00, $262.52 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.31 SCalc7e 2.7.29 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 11:10 PM 5. Find the rate of change of y with respect of x at the indicated value of x.

y = csc x – 2 cos x;

Page 250

a.

b.

c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.16b SCalc7e 2.7.16b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the derivatives of trigonometric functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 4:48 AM 2

6. Water flows from a tank of constant cross-sectional area 50 ft through an orifice of constant cross-sectional 2

area

ft located at the bottom of the tank. Initially, the height of the water in the tank was 20 ft, and t sec

later it was given by the equation

How fast was the height of the water decreasing when its height was 3 ft?

a.

ft/sec

b.

ft/sec

c.

ft/sec d.

ft/sec Page 251

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.7a SCalc7e 2.7.7a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 12:16 AM plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes

7. In an adiabatic process (one in which no heat transfer takes place), the pressure P and volume V of an ideal

gas such as oxygen satisfy the equation , where C is a constant. Suppose that at a certain instant of time, the volume of the gas is 5 L, the pressure is 100 kPa, and the pressure is decreasing at the rate of 5 kPa/sec. Find the rate at which the volume is changing. a.

L/sec

Page 252

b.

C–

L/sec

C–

L/sec

c. d.

L/sec ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.23a SCalc7e 2.7.23a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 11:38 PM 8. The quantity Q of charge in coulombs C that has passed through a point in a wire up to time t (measured in

seconds) is given by .

Find the current when t = 4s. a. 24 b. 15 c. 18 d. 26 e. 28 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.19 SCalc7e 2.7.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 11:39 PM Page 253

9. The mass of part of a wire is

kilograms, where x is measured in meters from one end of the wire.

Find the linear density of the wire when x = 36 m . a. 9 kg/m b. 8 kg/m c. 10 kg/m d. 11 kg/m e. None of these ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.17c SCalc7e 2.7.17a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:01 AM 10. The height (in meters) of a projectile shot vertically upward from a point 5.5 m above ground level with an

initial velocity of 25.48 m/s

is after t seconds.

a) When does the projectile reach its maximum height? b) What is the maximum height? a. 2.8s

34.428 m b. 2.3s 34.183 m c. 2.4 s 34.428 m d. 2.6s 38.624 m e. 2s 32.86 m ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

d 1 Medium SCalcET7 3.7.7bc SCalc7e 2.7.7bc Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 254

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 11:40 PM 11. Find the instantaneous rate of change of the function

when x = 7.

a. b. 7 c. 49 d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.16b SCalc7e 2.7.16b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 2:45 AM 12. Let C(t) be the total value of US currency (coins and banknotes) in circulation at time. The table gives

values of this function from 1980 to 2000, as of September 30, in billions of dollars. Estimate the value of C' (1990) . t 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 C(t) 129.9 167.3 265.9 410.3 568.6 Answers are in billions of dollars per year. Round your answer to two decimal places. a. 44.45 b. 24.30 c. 16.92 d. 27.48 e. 137.45 ANSWER: POINTS:

b 1 Page 255

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.27a SCalc7e 2.7.25a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.01.03 - Find the derivative of a function at a given point using the definition of derivative.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 13. The position function of a particle is given by

When does the particle reach a velocity of 52 m/s?

ANSWER:

9

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.9a SCalc7e 2.7.10a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 2:47 AM plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and

Page 256

physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes

14. Refer to the law of laminar flow. Consider a blood vessel with radius 0.01 cm, length 3 cm, pressure 2 difference 3,500 dynes/cm and viscosity η = 0.028.

Find the velocity of the blood at radius r = 0.002. Round your answer to two decimal places.

ANSWER: 1.00 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.29a SCalc7e 2.7.27a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 2

15. A spherical balloon is being inflated. Find the rate of increase of the surface area S = 4πr with respect to the

radius r when r = 4 ft.

ANSWER:

32π

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.15 SCalc7e 2.7.15 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 16. A company makes computer chips from square wafers of silicon. It wants to keep the side length of a wafer

very close to 16 mm. The area is A(x). Find A'(16).

ANSWER: 32 POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

1 Medium SCalcET7 3.7.11a SCalc7e 2.7.11a Numeric Response True Page 257

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 17. Newton's Law of Gravitation says that the magnitude F of the force exerted by a body of mass m on a body

of mass M is Find

.

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.20a SCalc7e 2.7.20a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 4:54 AM 18. If a tank holds 5000 gallons of water, and that water can drain from the tank in 40 minutes, then Torricelli's

Law gives the volume V of water remaining in the tank after t minutes as .

Find the rate at which water is draining from the tank after 6 minutes.

ANSWER:

–212.5

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.18a SCalc7e 2.7.18a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

Page 258

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Numerical Response SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 2/4/2020 12:07 AM

19. s(t) is the position of a body moving along a coordinate line; s(t) is measured in feet and t in seconds, where

t ≥ 0. Find the position, velocity, and speed of the body at the indicated time. ;

t=2

ANSWER:

ft,

ft/sec,

ft/sec

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.1 SCalc7e 2.7.4 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:24 AM 20. s(t) is the position of a body moving along a coordinate line; s(t) is measured in feet and t in seconds, where

t ≥ 0. Find the position, velocity, and speed of the body at the indicated time. ;

t=1

ANSWER:

ft,

ft/sec,

ft/sec

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.7.4 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:03 AM Page 259

21. s(t) is the position of a body moving along a coordinate line, where t ≥ 0, and s(t) is measured in feet and t in

seconds. s(t) = 4+ 2t – t

2

a. Determine the time(s) and the position(s) when the body is stationary. b. When is the body moving in the positive direction? In the negative direction? c. Sketch a schematic showing the position of the body at any time t.

ANSWER: a. s(1) = 5 b. Positive when 0 < t < 1, negative when t > 1 c.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.1 SCalc7e 2.7.1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 5:11 AM 22. In calm waters, the oil spilling from the ruptured hull of a grounded tanker spreads in all

directions. Assuming that the polluted area is circular, determine how fast the area is increasing when the radius of the circle is 60 ft and is increasing at the rate of

ft/sec. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.

2

ANSWER:

53.9 ft /sec

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Medium Page 260

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.7.19 SCalc7e 2.7.14 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:07 AM 23. Two chemicals react to form another chemical. Suppose that the amount of chemical formed in time t (in

hours) is given by

where x(t) is measured in pounds. a. Find the rate at which the chemical is formed when t = 1. Round to two decimal places. b. How many pounds of the chemical are formed eventually?

ANSWER:

a. 6.31 lbs/hr, b. 20 lbs

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.7.26 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:08 AM 24. A circle’s radius is increasing. Find the rate of change of the area of the circle with respect to the radius r

when r = 1.

2

ANSWER:

2π units /unit

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium SCalcET7 3.7.13b SCalc7e 2.7.13b Subjective Short Answer Page 261

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.7 SCalc7e Section 2.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 25. Sodium chlorate crystals are easy to grow in the shape of cubes by allowing a solution of water and sodium

chlorate to evaporate slowly. If V is the volume of such a cube with side length x, calculate

when

mm

and explain its meaning.

ANSWER:

represents the rate at which the volume is increasing with respect to the side length as x reaches 7 mm.

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 5:54 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2021 4:52 AM 26. Invasive species often display a wave of advance as they colonize new areas. Mathematical models based on

random dispersal and reproduction have demonstrated that the speed with which such waves move is given by the function , where r is the reproductive rate of individuals and D is a parameter quantifying dispersal. Calculate the derivative of the wave speed with respect to the reproductive rate r. a.

b. c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS: QUESTION TYPE:

a 1 Multiple Choice Page 262

HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.04 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using the Product, Quotient, and Chain Rules.

DATE CREATED: 2/5/2021 9:19 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 9:27 AM 27. The cost function for producing q dresses is

. Find

and explain

its meaning. What does it predict?

ANSWER:

This gives the rate at which costs are increasing with respect to the production level when producing 100 dresses and predicts the cost of the 101st dress.

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using derivatives of polynomial and constant functions.

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 8:12 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2021 11:41 AM 28. When we consider the flow of blood through a blood vessel, such as a vein or artery, we can model the

shape of the blood vessel by a cylindrical tube with radius R and length l. The relationship between the velocity v of the blood and the distance r from the axis is given by the law of laminar flow.

where η is the viscosity of the blood and P is the pressure difference between the ends of the tube.

2

Consider a blood vessel with radius 0.007 cm, length 3 cm, pressure difference 3300 dynes/cm , and viscosity 0.024. Find the velocity gradient at . a. b. c. d. e. f.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.11 - Solve applied problems involving rates of change.

Page 263

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

2/4/2021 8:01 AM 2/4/2021 11:45 AM

1. Let C(t) be the total value of US currency (coins and banknotes) in circulation at time. The table gives values

of this function from 1980 to 2000, as of September 30, in billions of dollars. Estimate the value of C' (1990) . t 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 C(t) 129.9 165.3 273.9 405.3 568.6 Answers are in billions of dollars per year. Round your answer to two decimal places. a. 44.45 b. 137.45 c. 16.92 d. 27.48 e. 24.00 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.8.5a SCalc7e 6.5.5a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.8 SCalc7e Section 6.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 2. Find the accumulated amount after 3 years on an investment of $5,000.00 earning an interest rate of 5% per

year compounded continuously. Round to the nearest cent. a. $15,769.07 b. $5,809.17 c. $15,750.00 d. $5,788.13 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.8.18a SCalc7e 6.5.18a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 264

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 3.8 SCalc7e Section 6.5 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 7/20/2015 1:54 PM

3. The parents of a child wish to establish a trust fund for the child’s college education. If they need an

estimated $100,000.00 5 years from now and they are able to invest the money at 6% compounded continuously in the interim, how much should they set aside in trust now? a. $18,867.92 b. $74,725.82 c. $74,081.82 d. $18,835.29 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.8.19a SCalc7e 6.5.19a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.8 SCalc7e Section 6.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 4. If $5,000 is invested at 5% interest, find the value of the investment at the end of 5 years if the interest is

compounded annually. a. 6,481.41 b. 6,781.41 c. 6,381.41 d. 6,581.41 e. 6,681.41 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.8.19 SCalc7e 6.5.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.8 SCalc7e Section 6.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM Page 265

DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:54 PM

5. The half-life of cesium-137 is 30 years. Suppose we have a 267-mg sample. Find the mass that remains after t

years. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.5.9 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 11:36 PM 6. A curve passes through the point (0, 5) and has the property that the slope of the curve at every P point is

twice the y-coordinate of P. What is the equation of the curve? a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.5.12 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving Page 266

derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

7e Bimodal Section 6.5 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 2/3/2020 7:51 AM

KEYWORDS: OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7. Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28 days. A sample has a mass of 40 mg initially. Find a formula for the mass

remaining after t days. a. b. c. d. e.

mg mg mg mg mg

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.5.8a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 11:43 PM 8. Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28 days. A sample has a mass of 40 mg initially. Find the mass remaining after

30 days. a. 23.03 mg b. 19.03 mg c. 25.03 mg d. 27.03 mg e. 21.03 mg ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

b 1 Medium 6.5.8b Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 267

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 9. The rate of change of atmospheric pressure P with respect to altitude h is proportional to P provided that the

temperature is constant. At 15°C the pressure is 100.9 kPa at sea level and 84.58 kPa at h = 1,040. What is the pressure at an altitude of 1,000 m?

ANSWER: 85.2kPa POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.5.17a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 6.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 10. If $7,000 is borrowed at 3% interest, find the amount due at the end of 3 years if the interest is compounded

quarterly. Round your answer to the nearest cent. a. $7,656.65 b. $7,658.36 c. $448,000.00 d. $7,655.80 e. $7,657.50 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 8:46 AM DATE MODIFIED: 3/31/2016 8:42 AM 11. Approximately how long will it take an investment to triple in value if the interest rate is 4% compounded

continuously? Round your answer to two decimal places.

Page 268

a. 27.47 years b. 17.33 years c. 34.66 years d. 40.24 years e. 44.79 years ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 8:46 AM DATE MODIFIED: 3/31/2016 8:43 AM 12. A bacteria culture initially contains 50 cells and grows at a rate proportional to its size. After an hour the

population has increased to 305. When will the population reach 50,000? Round your answer to two decimal places. a.

hours

b.

hours

c.

hours

d.

hours

e.

hours

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 8:46 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 11:47 PM 13. A bacteria culture grows with constant relative growth rate. The bacteria count was 300 after 5 hours and

33,900 after 10 hours. What is the relative growth rate expressed as a percentage? a. 94.55% per hour b. 118.18% per hour c. 78.79% per hour d. 157.58% per hour e. 67.53% per hour ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving Page 269

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

3/24/2016 8:46 AM 3/31/2016 8:44 AM

14. When a cold drink is taken from a refrigerator, its temperature is 6°C. After 20 minutes in a 20°C room its

temperature has increased to 12°C. What is the temperature of the drink after 40 minutes? Round your answer to one decimal place. a. 15.4°C b. 16.0°C c. 14.0°C d. 16.6°C e. 20.0°C ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 9:51 AM DATE MODIFIED: 3/31/2016 8:44 AM 15. A freshly brewed cup of coffee has temperature 92°C in a 24°C room. When its temperature is 80°C, it is

cooling at a rate of 2°C per minute. When does this occur? a. minutes b.

minutes

c.

minutes

d.

minutes

e.

minutes

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 9:51 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 11:51 PM 16. The biomass

of a fish population is the total mass of the members of the population at a time t. It is the product of the number of individuals in the population and the average mass of a fish at time t. In the case of guppies, breeding occurs continually. Suppose that at time weeks the population is 910 guppies and is growing at a rate of 70 guppies per week, while the average mass is 1.5 g and is increasing at a rate of 0.3 g/week. At what rate is the biomass increasing when ? a. 378 g/week Page 270

b. 756 g/week c. 1323 g/week d. 47 g/week e. 2268 g/week ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 6:58 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 11:54 PM 17. A roast turkey is removed from an oven when its temperature has reached 187°F and is placed on a table in a

room where the surrounding temperature is 72°F. If the temperature of the turkey is 149°F after half an hour, when will the turkey have cooled to 100°F? a. after 106 minutes b. after 102 minutes c. after 83 minutes d. after 47 minutes ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

DATE CREATED: 2/4/2021 8:49 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 3:50 AM

1. Two cars start moving from the same point. One travels south at 50 mi/h and the other travels west at 20 mi/h.

At what rate is the distance between the cars increasing 2 hours later? Round the result to the nearest hundredth. a. 76.43 mi/h b. 55.42 mi/h c. 53.85 mi/h d. 65.49 mi/h e. 81.38 mi/h ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.15 SCalc7e 2.8.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 271

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM CausesofMutations**:Overviewofspontaneousmutations(arisingfromerrorsinDNAreplicationorrepair)andinducedmutations(causedbymutagens).**ConsequencesofMutations**:Impactofmutationsonproteinstru ctureandfunction:**SilentMutations**:Nochangeinaminoacidsequence.**MissenseMutations**:Changeinoneaminoacid.**NonsenseMutations**:Prematureterminationofproteinsynthesis.**FrameshiftMutations **:Insertionordeletionofnucleotides,leadingtoashiftinthereadingframe.**GeneticTesting**:DefinitionofgenetictestingastheanalysisofDNA,RNA,orchromosomestodetectgeneticvariationsassociatedwithinherited disordersorpredispositionstodiseases.**TypesofGeneticTesting**:Overviewofdifferentmethodsusedingenetictesting:**DiagnosticTesting**:Identificationofaspecificgeneticconditioninanindividual.**CarrierTesti ng**:Identificationofindividualscarryingrecessiveallelesforgeneticdisorders.**PredictiveandPresymptomaticTesting**:Assessmentofriskfordevelopinggeneticconditionslaterinlife.**PrenatalTesting**:Screeningf orgeneticdisordersinfetusesduringpregnancy.**NewbornScreening**:Testingforgeneticdisordersshortlyafterbirth.**EthicalandSocialIssuesinGeneticTesting**:Discussiononethicalconsiderationsrelatedtogenet ictesting,includingprivacy,confidentiality,informedconsent,andimplicationsforindividualsandfamilies.**GeneticCounseling**:Roleofgeneticcounselorsininterpretinggenetictestresults,providinginformation,ands upportingdecisionmakingregardinggenetictestingandfamilyplanning.**GeneticDisordersandPublicHealth**:Impactofgenetictestingonpublichealthinitiatives,diseaseprevention,andmanagementofgeneticdisorders.**EmergingTe chnologiesinGeneticTesting**:Introductiontoadvancesingenetictestingtechnologies,suchasnext-generationsequencing(NGS),wholeexomesequencing(WES),anddirect-toconsumergenetictesting.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomutationsandgenetictesting,reinforcingunderstandingofthecauses,consequences,applicat ions,andethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithgeneticvariationandtesting.Chapter13providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmutations,genetictestingtechnologies,andtheirimplicationsindiagnosing,preventing,a ndmanaginggeneticdisorders.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofmoleculargeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintopersonalizedmedicine,geneticcounseling,andethicalissuesingeneticscove redinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter13,feelfreetoask!Chapter14Chapter14of"Essentia lsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"DarwinandEvolution,"typicallyexplorestheprinciplesofevolution,itsmechanisms,andthecontributionsofCharlesDarwintoevolutionarytheory.Here’sano verviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEvolution**:Definitionofevolutionastheprocessofchangeovertimeinpopulationsoforganisms,leadingtothediversityoflifeonEarth.**Darwin'sContributions** :OverviewofCharlesDarwin'sobservationsandinsightsthatledtothedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection:**VoyageoftheBeagle**:Darwin'stravelsandobservationsofbiodiversityandgeologicalfor mations.**NaturalSelection**:MechanismproposedbyDarwintoexplainhowevolutionoccursthroughdifferentialsurvivalandreproductionoforganismswithadvantageoustraits.**EvidenceforEvolution**:Examinatio nofvariouslinesofevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution:**FossilRecord**:Transitionalformsandpatternsofspecieschangeovertime.**Biogeography**:Distributionofspeciesandsimilaritiesamongorganismsond ifferentcontinents.**ComparativeAnatomy**:Homologousstructuresandvestigialorgansamongdifferentspecies.**MolecularBiology**:SimilaritiesinDNA,RNA,andproteinsequencesamongorganismsindicatingco mmonancestry.**MechanismsofEvolution**:Explorationofprocessesthatdriveevolutionarychange:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantageoustraits.**GeneticDrift**: Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:Sourceofnewgeneticvariation.**ModernSynthesisofEvolutionaryTh eory**:IntegrationofDarwinianevolutionwithgenetics(populationgenetics),explaininghowgeneticvariationandnaturalselectionshapeevolutionarypatterns.**PatternsandRatesofEvolution**:Examinationofevolutio narypatterns,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofformsinresponsetodifferentenvironmentalniches.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartr aitsindifferentlineages.**PunctuatedEquilibrium**:Periodsofrapidevolutionarychangefollowedbylongperiodsofstability.**HumanEvolution**:Overviewofhumanevolution,includingfossilevidence(e.g.,Australopit hecus,Homospecies)andgeneticstudiesrevealingrelationshipsamongmodernhumanpopulations.**EvolutionaryMechanismsandAdaptation**:Discussiononhowevolutionarymechanisms(naturalselection,genet icdrift)contributetoadaptationoforganismstotheirenvironments.**EvolutionandSpeciation**:Explanationofspeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingallopatric,sympatric,andparapatricspeciatio n.**EmergingTopicsinEvolutionaryBiology**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinevolutionarybiology,suchasevolutionarydevelopmentalbiology(evodevo),molecularevolution,andthestudyofevolutionaryprocessesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDarwinandevo lution,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciples,mechanisms,andevidencesupportingevolutionarytheory.Chapter14providesacomprehensiveexplorationofevolutionarytheory,Darwin'scontributions,andthemech anismsthatdriveevolutionarychange.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofgeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintoecology,biodiversity,andevolutionarybiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersoft hetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter14,feelfreetoask!Chapter15:EvolutiononaSmallScaleChapter15of"Essentialso fBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaSmallScale,"typicallyfocusesonevolutionaryprocessesthatoccurwithinpopulationsandspecies.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthis chapter:**IntroductiontoMicroevolution**:Definitionofmicroevolutionasevolutionarychangeoccurringwithinpopulationsoverrelativelyshortperiodsoftime.**PopulationGenetics**:Overviewofpopulationgenetics,w hichstudiesthedistributionandchangeofallelefrequenciesinpopulations:**GenePool**:Totalcollectionofallelesinapopulation.**Hardy-WeinbergPrinciple**:Mathematicalmodeldescribingallelefrequenciesinanonevolvingpopulation.**FactorsInfluencingMicroevolution**:Discussiononthemechanismsthatdrivemicroevolutionarychanges:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantage oustraits.**GeneticDrift**:Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesduetochanceevents,morepronouncedinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:So urceofnewgeneticvariation.**TypesofNaturalSelection**:Explorationofdifferenttypesofnaturalselection:**StabilizingSelection**:Selectionagainstextremes,favoringintermediatephenotypes.**DirectionalSelectio n**:Shifttowardoneextremephenotypeinresponsetoenvironmentalchange.**DisruptiveSelection**:Selectionfavoringbothextremes,leadingtopolymorphism.**AdaptationandFitness**:Definitionofadaptationasthe processbywhichpopulationsbecomebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.Measurementoffitnessastherelativereproductivesuccessofindividualswithaparticulargenotype.**GeneticVariation andPolymorphism**:Explanationofgeneticvariationwithinpopulations,including:**PolygenicTraits**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**QuantitativeGenetics**:Studyofcomplextraitsinfluencedbymultiplegenesa ndenvironmentalfactors.**SpeciationandReproductiveIsolation**:Introductiontospeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingmechanismsofreproductiveisolation:**PrezygoticBarriers**:Prevent matingorfertilizationbetweenspecies.**PostzygoticBarriers**:Reduceviabilityorfertilityofhybridoffspring.**PatternsofMicroevolution**:Examinationofevolutionarypatternsobservedinnaturalpopulations,including: **SelectivePressures**:Environmentalfactorsinfluencingadaptation.**PopulationBottlenecks**:Reductioninpopulationsizeleadingtogeneticdrift.**FounderEffect**:Geneticdriftinsmallfoundingpopulations.**Hu manImpactonMicroevolution**:Discussiononhowhumanactivities(e.g.,habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange)caninfluencemicroevolutionaryprocessesinnaturalpopulations.**EmergingTopicsinMicroevolu tion**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmicroevolutionarystudies,suchasevolutionaryresponsestorapidenvironmentalchangesandtheroleofepigeneticsinevolution.**SummaryandKeyCo ncepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomicroevolution,reinforcingunderstandingofthemechanismsandpatternsofevolutionarychangewithinpopulations.Chapter15providesacompr ehensiveexplorationofmicroevolutionaryprocesses,includingnaturalselection,geneticdrift,geneflow,andtheirrolesinshapinggeneticdiversityandadaptationwithinpopulations.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledge ofgeneticsandevolutionarytheory,preparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomacroevolution,ecologicalgenetics,andconservationbiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestio nsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter15,feelfreetoask!Chapter16:EvolutiononaLargeScaleChapter16of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichael Windelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaLargeScale,"typicallyexploresevolutionaryprocessesthatoccuroverlongertimescalesandacrosslargertaxonomicgroups.Here’sanovervi ewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**I ntroductiontoMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolutionasevolutionarypatternsandprocessesthatoccurabovethespecieslevel,leadingtothediversificationoflifeformsovergeologictimescales.**Speciation**:Det ailedexplorationofspeciation,theprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise:**AllopatricSpeciation**:Geographicisolationleadingtoreproductiveisolation.**SympatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringwithinthesamegeog raphicareaduetofactorslikepolyploidyorhabitatdifferentiation.**ParapatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringinadjacentbutdifferenthabitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajorpatternsandtrendso bservedinthefossilrecordandbiologicaldiversity:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofecologicalniches.**ExtinctionEvents**:Massextinctionsandtheirimpactonbiodiversit y.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartraitsinunrelatedlineages.**EvolutionaryTrends**:Analysisofevolutionarytrendsobservedinvarioustaxonomicgroups:**Coevolution**:Reciprocalevoluti onarychangesbetweeninteractingspecies(e.g.,predator-prey,host-parasite).**EvolutionaryDevelopmentalBiology(Evodevo)**:Studyofhowchangesindevelopmentalprocessescontributetoevolutionarychange.**EvolutionofComplexity**:Emergenceofcomplextraitsandbiologicalstructuresoverevolutionarytime.**Biogeography**:E xplorationofthedistributionofspeciesandhowhistoricalandecologicalfactorsinfluencepatternsofbiodiversity:**ContinentalDrift**:Movementofcontinentsanditsimpactonbiogeographicpatterns.**IslandBiogeograp hy**:Patternsofspeciesdiversityonislandsinfluencedbycolonizationandextinction.**EvolutionaryEcology**:Integrationofevolutionarybiologywithecologicalprinciples,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Ecologicalop portunitiesdrivingspeciation.**SpeciesInteractions**:Coevolutionaryrelationshipsandtheirecologicalandevolutionaryconsequences.**EvolutionaryDevelopment**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, hostparasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis

Page 272

chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation scienc

2. A plane flying horizontally at an altitude of 1 mi and a speed of 500 mi/h passes directly over a radar station.

Find the rate at which the distance from the plane to the station is increasing when it is 2 mi away from the station. a. ≈ 433 mi/h b. ≈ 670 mi/h c. ≈ 455 mi/h d. ≈ 570 mi/h e. ≈ 495 mi/h ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.11 SCalc7e 2.8.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM Page 273

DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:54 PM

3. Two sides of a triangle are 1 m and 2 m in length and the angle between them is increasing at a rate of 0.09

rad/s. Find the rate at which the area of the triangle is increasing when the angle between the sides of fixed length is

.

a. 1.145 m²/s b. -0.955 m²/s c. 0.045 m²/s d. 5.045 m²/s e. -1.955 m²/s ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.29 SCalc7e 2.8.29 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 2:39 AM 3

4. Gravel is being dumped from a conveyor belt at a rate of 34 ft /min and its coarseness is such that it forms a

pile in the shape of a cone whose base diameter and height are always equal. How fast is the height of the pile increasing when the pile is 12 ft high? Round the result to the nearest hundredth.

a. 0.6 ft/min b. 0.30 ft/min c. 0.14 ft/min d. 0.27 ft/min Page 274

e. 1.24 ft/min ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.27 SCalc7e 2.8.27 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 12:59 AM 5. If two resistors with resistances and R measured in ohms (Ω), is given by:

If and are increasing at rates of 0.1 and ?

Round the result to the nearest thousandth.

a.

are connected in parallel, as in the figure, then the total resistance

and 0.5

respectively, how fast is R changing when

0.1454

b. 0.1688 c. 0.1245 d. 0.1974 e.

0.1596

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.35 SCalc7e 2.8.35 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

Page 275

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 2/17/2020 1:01 AM

6. An equation relating the variables x and y, the values of x and y, and the value of

time are given. Find the value of

at a particular instant of

.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.8b SCalc7e 2.8.8b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 1:10 AM

7. A point moves along the curve

. When the point is at (

, 1), its x-coordinate is increasing

at the rate of 2 units per second. How fast is its y-coordinate changing at that instant of time? a.

units/sec b.

units/sec c.

units/sec Page 276

d.

units/sec ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.10 SCalc7e 2.8.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 4:37 AM 8. A car leaves an intersection traveling west. Its position 4 sec later is 22 ft from the intersection. At the same

time, another car leaves the same intersection heading north so that its position 4 sec later is 29 ft from the intersection. If the speeds of the cars at that instant of time are 7 ft/sec and 12 ft/sec, respectively, find the rate at which the distance between the two cars is changing. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary. a. 13.8 ft/sec b. 3 ft/sec c. 5.2 ft/sec d. 36.4 ft/sec ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.21 SCalc7e 2.8.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 9. The top of a ladder slides down a vertical wall at a rate of 0.15 m/s . At the moment when the bottom of the

ladder is 1.5 m from the wall, it slides away from the wall at a rate of 0.4 m/s. How long is the ladder? a. 4.8 m b. 3.8 m c. 5.3 m d. 4.3 m Page 277

e. 3.3 m ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.31 SCalc7e 2.8.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 10. Two carts, A and B, are connected by a rope 39 ft long that passes over a pulley P (see the figure below).

The point Q is on the floor 12 ft directly beneath P and between the carts. Cart A is being pulled away from Q at a speed of 4 ft/s. How fast is cart B moving toward Q at the instant when cart A is 5 ft from Q?

ANSWER:

1.73 ft/s

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.38 SCalc7e 2.8.38 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 1:05 AM 11. If a snowball melts so that its surface area decreases at a rate of 4 cm²/min, find the rate at which the

diameter decreases when the diameter is 39 cm.

ANSWER: Page 278

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.12 SCalc7e 2.8.12 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 4:39 AM 12. The altitude of a triangle is increasing at a rate of 1 cm/min while the area of the triangle is increasing at a

rate of 2 cm²/min. At what rate is the base of the triangle changing when the altitude is 10 cm and the area is 100 cm².

ANSWER: –1.6 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.19 SCalc7e 2.8.19 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 13. A water trough is 20 m long and a cross-section has the shape of an isosceles trapezoid that is 20 cm wide at

the bottom, 60 cm wide at the top, and has height 50 cm. If the trough is being filled with water at the rate of 0.7 m³/min, how fast is the water level rising when the water is 40 cm deep? Round the result to the nearest hundredth.

ANSWER: 6.73 cm/min POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.25 SCalc7e 2.8.25 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM Page 279

14. A boat is pulled into a dock by a rope attached to the bow of the boat and passing through a pulley on the

dock that is 1 m higher than the bow of the boat. If the rope is pulled in at a rate of 1 m/s how fast is the boat approaching the dock when it is 9 m from the dock? Round the result to the nearest hundredth if necessary.

ANSWER:

1.01 m/s

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.20 SCalc7e 2.8.20 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 1:06 AM 15. The volume of a cube is increasing at a rate of 10 cm³/min. How fast is the surface area increasing when the

length of an edge is 30 cm.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.4 SCalc7e 2.8.4 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 4:41 AM 16. A baseball diamond is a square with side 90 ft. A batter hits the ball and runs toward first base with a speed

of 38 ft/s. At what rate is his distance from second base decreasing when he is halfway to first base? Round the result to the nearest hundredth.

ANSWER: 16.99 ft/s POINTS:

1 Page 280

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.18a SCalc7e 2.8.18a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 17. A television camera is positioned 4,600 ft from the base of a rocket launching pad. The angle of elevation of

the camera has to change at the correct rate in order to keep the rocket in sight. Also, the mechanism for focusing the camera has to take into account the increasing distance from the camera to the rising rocket. Let's assume the rocket rises vertically and its speed is 680 ft/s when it has risen 2,600 ft. If the television camera is always kept aimed at the rocket, how fast is the camera's angle of elevation changing at this moment? Round the result to the nearest thousandth.

ANSWER: 0.112 rad/s POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.39b SCalc7e 2.8.39b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM 18. The top of a ladder slides down a vertical wall at a rate of 0.17 m/s. At the moment when the bottom of the

ladder is 3.4 m from the wall, it slides away from the wall at a rate of 0.3 m/s. How long is the ladder? Round to the nearest tenth if, necessary.

ANSWER: 6.9 ft POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.31 SCalc7e 2.8.31 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM Page 281

19. The volume of a right circular cone of radius r and height h is

. Suppose that the radius and

height of the cone are changing with respect to time t. a. Find a relationship between

,

, and

.

b. At a certain instant of time, the radius and height of the cone are 3 in. and 2 in. and are increasing at the rate of 0.3 in./sec and 0.2 in./sec, respectively. How fast is the volume of the cone increasing?

ANSWER:

a.

3

b. 1.8π in. /sec POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.1 SCalc7e 2.8.1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 4:42 AM 20. In calm waters, the oil spilling from the ruptured hull of a grounded tanker spreads in all

directions. Assuming that the polluted area is circular, determine how fast the area is increasing when the radius of the circle is 10 ft and is increasing at the rate of ANSWER:

ft/sec. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.

2

12.6 ft /sec

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.6 SCalc7e 2.8.6 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 2:01 AM Page 282

21. The sides of a square baseball diamond are 90 ft long. When a player who is between the second and third

base is 30 ft from second base and heading toward third base at a speed of 22 ft/sec, how fast is the distance between the player and home plate changing? Round to two decimal places.

–12.2 ft/sec

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.18 SCalc7e 2.8.18 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 7:22 AM 2

22. If y = 2x + 5x and

, find

when x = 5.

a. 385 b. 145 c. 295 d. 345 e. None of these ANSWER: POINTS:

e 1 Page 283

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.8.7a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 2.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 4:50 AM 23. If f is the focal length of a convex lens and an object is placed at a distance v from the lens, then its image

will be at a distance u from the lens, where f, v, and u are related by the lens equation .

Find the rate of change of v with respect to u. a. b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.9.35 SCalc7e 2.8.35 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving related rates.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.9 SCalc7e Section 2.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 2:04 AM Page 284

1. Use differentials to estimate the amount of paint needed to apply a coat of paint 0.0015 m thick to a

hemispherical dome with diameter 50 m. a. 1.875π b. 2.52π c. 4.11π d. 3.82π e. 2.28π ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.10.36 SCalc7e 2.9.34 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.12 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using numerical methods of approximation.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.10 SCalc7e Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM 2. Use the linear approximation of the function

at a = 0 to approximate the number

.

a. 3.0067 b. 2.2556 c. 7.4556 d. 0.1556 e. 7.4445 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.10.5 SCalc7e 2.9.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.02 - Find linear approximations of functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.10 SCalc7e Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2020 11:59 PM 3. Determine the values of x for which the given linear approximation is accurate to within 0.07 at a = 0.

Page 285

tanx ≈ x a. –0.19 < x < 0.28 b. –0.57 < x < 0.57 c. 0.06 < x < 0.68 d. –1.04 < x < 1.55 e. –0.71 < x < 0.48 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.10.42b SCalc7e 2.9.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.02 - Find linear approximations of functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.10 SCalc7e Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM 4. A turkey is removed from the oven when its temperature reaches 175°F and is placed on a table in a room

where the temperature is 70°F. After 10 minutes the temperature of the turkey is 160°F and after 20 minutes it is 150°F. Use a linear approximation to predict the temperature of the turkey after 60 minutes. a. 160 b. 36 c. 134 d. 135 e. 110 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.10.39 SCalc7e 2.9.37 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.12 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using numerical methods of approximation.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.10 SCalc7e Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM 5. Compute Δy and dy for the given values of x and dx=Δx.

Page 286

a. Δy = 5.25, dy = 5 b. Δy = 6.05, dy = 0 c. Δy = 5, dy = 0 d. Δy = 5.25, dy = 6.05 e. Δy = 5.25, dy = 0 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.9.22 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.08 - Find differentials of functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 6:13 AM 6. Find the differential of the function at the indicated number.

a.

dx b.

dx c.

dx d.

dx ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.10.17 SCalc7e 2.9.17 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.08 - Find differentials of functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.10 SCalc7e Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM Page 287

DATE MODIFIED:

2/14/2020 12:45 AM

7. Find the differential of the function at the indicated number.

a.

dx b.

dx c.

dx d.

dx ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.9.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.08 - Find differentials of functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 12:16 AM 8. Find the linearization L (x) of the function at a.

a.

x–

b.

x+ c.

x–

d.

x+ Page 288

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.10.4 SCalc7e 2.9.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.02 - Find linear approximations of functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.10 SCalc7e Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 12:58 AM 9. The circumference of a sphere was measured to be 89 cm with a possible error of 0.4 cm. Use differentials to

estimate the maximum error in the calculated volume.

ANSWER: 160 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.10.35a SCalc7e 2.9.33b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.08 - Find differentials of functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.10 SCalc7e Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM 10. Find the differential of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.10.11 SCalc7e 2.9.11 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.08 - Find differentials of functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.10 SCalc7e Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 12:23 AM Page 289

11. Let y = 1/x.

a. Find Δx and Δy if x changes from 1 to 1.04. Round to six decimal places, if necessary. b. Find the differential dy, and use it to approximate Δy if x changes from 1 to 1.04. c. Compute Δy – dy, the error in approximating Δy by dy.

ANSWER: a. 0.04, –0.038462 b. –0.04 c. 0.001538 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.10.21 SCalc7e 2.9.21 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.04 - Find the approximation error and percent error of a linear approximation.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.10 SCalc7e Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM 12. Find the linearization of a suitable function, and then use it to approximate the number.

sin 0.6 ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 2.9.24 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.12 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using numerical methods of approximation.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 2.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM Page 290

DATE MODIFIED:

1/30/2020 12:27 AM

13. Find the differential of the function at the indicated number.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 3.10.14a QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.08 - Find differentials of functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.10 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 12:31 AM 14. The edge of a cube was found to be 20 cm with a possible error in measurement of 0.2 cm. Use differentials

to estimate the relative error in computing volume of the cube. a. 0.03 b.

8000

c. 2% d. 0.008 e. 0.01 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.04 - Find the approximation error and percent error of a linear approximation.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 8:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 12:32 AM 15. One side of a right triangle is known to be 20 cm long and the opposite angle is measured as 17°, with a

possible error of a.

cm

b.

cm

°. Use differentials to estimate the error in computing the length of the hypotenuse.

Page 291

c.

cm

d.

cm

e.

cm

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.04 - Find the approximation error and percent error of a linear approximation.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 9:43 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 12:36 AM

1. Find the value of the expression accurate to four decimal places.

cosh 5 a. 76.2032 b. 149.4199 c. 74.2099 d. 38.6050 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.4a SCalc7e 6.7.4a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.05.03.02 - Find exact values of trigonometric functions of real numbers.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM 2. Find the derivative of the function.

f(x) = sinh 9x a. –9 cosh 9x b. –sinh 9x c. 9 cosh 9x d. 9 sinh 9x ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

c 1 Easy Page 292

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.30 SCalc7e 6.7.30 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.07 - Find derivatives of hyperbolic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM 3. Find the derivative of the function.

2

2

f(t)= cosh (2t + 9) a. 8t cosh (2t2 + 9) sinh (2t2 + 9) b. 8t sinh (2t2 + 9) c. 4t sinh (2t2 + 9) d. 4t cosh (2t2 + 9) sinh (2t2 + 9) ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.37 SCalc7e 6.7.37 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.07 - Find derivatives of hyperbolic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM 4. Find the derivative of the function.

y= a. b. c.

d.

Page 293

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.43 SCalc7e 6.7.43 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 12:59 AM 5. A telephone line hangs between two poles at 12 m apart in the shape of the catenary

, where x and y are measured in meters. Find the slope of this curve where it meets the right pole.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Page 294

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.51a SCalc7e 6.7.51a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.07 - Find derivatives of hyperbolic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/21/2020 4:25 AM 6. At what point of the curve y = coshx does the tangent line have slope 9? a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.57 SCalc7e 6.7.57 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.07 - Find derivatives of hyperbolic functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 1:25 AM 7. Use the definitions of the hyperbolic functions to find the following limit.

a. 1 b. 0 Page 295

c. –1 d. ∞ e. None of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.23c SCalc7e 6.7.23c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.04.06 - Find infinite limits algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:03 AM 8. Find the derivative of y.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.42 SCalc7e 6.7.42 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.03 - Find derivatives of functions using the Chain Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 1:48 AM 9. Find the derivative of f(x).

Page 296

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.34 SCalc7e 6.7.34 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.03.01 - Find derivatives of functions using the Product Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 1:53 AM 10. Evaluate

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.23c SCalc7e 6.7.23c QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.04.06 - Find infinite limits algebraically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 1:57 AM 11. Find the derivative of the function.

f(x) = sinh

–1

7x

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 3.11.40 SCalc7e 6.7.40 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.07 - Find derivatives of hyperbolic functions.

Page 297

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer SCalcET7 Section 3.11 SCalc7e Section 6.7 7/20/2015 1:55 PM 1/30/2020 2:00 AM

12. Find the given integral.

ANSWER:

ln(1 + cosh 5x) + C POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.7.64 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:24 AM 13. Find the numerical value of the expression

.

a. 2.1250 b. 0 c. 3.3072 d. 1.3863 e. 27.3082 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.05.03.02 - Find exact values of trigonometric functions of real numbers.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 10:36 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 2:13 AM

14. Find the derivative of the function

.

Page 298

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.04.07 - Find derivatives of hyperbolic functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 8:12 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 2:28 AM

1. Find the absolute maximum value of

.

a. 15 b. –6 c. 5 d. 0 e. 8 ANSWER: RATIONALE:

e

Page 299

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.3 SCalc7e 3.1.3 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 4:38 AM 2. Estimate the extreme values of the function.

a. 778, 778 b. 578, 578 c. 678, 678 d. 878, 878 e. 978, 978 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.29 SCalc7e 3.1.29 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:30 AM 3. Find all the critical numbers of the function.

a. b.

Page 300

c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.40 SCalc7e 3.1.40 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:35 AM 4. Find the critical number(s), if any, of the function a. b. 8 c. d. –8 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.30 SCalc7e 3.1.30 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 3:18 AM

5. Find the critical number(s), if any of the function a.

Page 301

b. c.

0, d.

0, ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.37 SCalc7e 3.1.37 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:45 AM

6. Find the critical number(s), if any, of the function

.

a. b. c. ±4 d. None of these ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.35 SCalc7e 3.1.35 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:47 AM CausesofMutations**:Overviewofspontaneousmutations(arisingfromerrorsinDNAreplicationorrepair)andinducedmutations(causedbymutagens).**ConsequencesofMutations**:Impactofmutationsonproteinstru ctureandfunction:**SilentMutations**:Nochangeinaminoacidsequence.**MissenseMutations**:Changeinoneaminoacid.**NonsenseMutations**:Prematureterminationofproteinsynthesis.**FrameshiftMutations **:Insertionordeletionofnucleotides,leadingtoashiftinthereadingframe.**GeneticTesting**:DefinitionofgenetictestingastheanalysisofDNA,RNA,orchromosomestodetectgeneticvariationsassociatedwithinherited disordersorpredispositionstodiseases.**TypesofGeneticTesting**:Overviewofdifferentmethodsusedingenetictesting:**DiagnosticTesting**:Identificationofaspecificgeneticconditioninanindividual.**CarrierTesti ng**:Identificationofindividualscarryingrecessiveallelesforgeneticdisorders.**PredictiveandPresymptomaticTesting**:Assessmentofriskfordevelopinggeneticconditionslaterinlife.**PrenatalTesting**:Screeningf orgeneticdisordersinfetusesduringpregnancy.**NewbornScreening**:Testingforgeneticdisordersshortlyafterbirth.**EthicalandSocialIssuesinGeneticTesting**:Discussiononethicalconsiderationsrelatedtogenet ictesting,includingprivacy,confidentiality,informedconsent,andimplicationsforindividualsandfamilies.**GeneticCounseling**:Roleofgeneticcounselorsininterpretinggenetictestresults,providinginformation,ands upportingdecisionmakingregardinggenetictestingandfamilyplanning.**GeneticDisordersandPublicHealth**:Impactofgenetictestingonpublichealthinitiatives,diseaseprevention,andmanagementofgeneticdisorders.**EmergingTe

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chnologiesinGeneticTesting**:Introductiontoadvancesingenetictestingtechnologies,suchasnext-generationsequencing(NGS),wholeexomesequencing(WES),anddirect-toconsumergenetictesting.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomutationsandgenetictesting,reinforcingunderstandingofthecauses,consequences,applicat ions,andethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithgeneticvariationandtesting.Chapter13providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmutations,genetictestingtechnologies,andtheirimplicationsindiagnosing,preventing,a ndmanaginggeneticdisorders.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofmoleculargeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintopersonalizedmedicine,geneticcounseling,andethicalissuesingeneticscove redinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter13,feelfreetoask!Chapter14Chapter14of"Essentia lsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"DarwinandEvolution,"typicallyexplorestheprinciplesofevolution,itsmechanisms,andthecontributionsofCharlesDarwintoevolutionarytheory.Here’sano verviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEvolution**:Definitionofevolutionastheprocessofchangeovertimeinpopulationsoforganisms,leadingtothediversityoflifeonEarth.**Darwin'sContributions** :OverviewofCharlesDarwin'sobservationsandinsightsthatledtothedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection:**VoyageoftheBeagle**:Darwin'stravelsandobservationsofbiodiversityandgeologicalfor mations.**NaturalSelection**:MechanismproposedbyDarwintoexplainhowevolutionoccursthroughdifferentialsurvivalandreproductionoforganismswithadvantageoustraits.**EvidenceforEvolution**:Examinatio nofvariouslinesofevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution:**FossilRecord**:Transitionalformsandpatternsofspecieschangeovertime.**Biogeography**:Distributionofspeciesandsimilaritiesamongorganismsond ifferentcontinents.**ComparativeAnatomy**:Homologousstructuresandvestigialorgansamongdifferentspecies.**MolecularBiology**:SimilaritiesinDNA,RNA,andproteinsequencesamongorganismsindicatingco mmonancestry.**MechanismsofEvolution**:Explorationofprocessesthatdriveevolutionarychange:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantageoustraits.**GeneticDrift**: Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:Sourceofnewgeneticvariation.**ModernSynthesisofEvolutionaryTh eory**:IntegrationofDarwinianevolutionwithgenetics(populationgenetics),explaininghowgeneticvariationandnaturalselectionshapeevolutionarypatterns.**PatternsandRatesofEvolution**:Examinationofevolutio narypatterns,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofformsinresponsetodifferentenvironmentalniches.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartr aitsindifferentlineages.**PunctuatedEquilibrium**:Periodsofrapidevolutionarychangefollowedbylongperiodsofstability.**HumanEvolution**:Overviewofhumanevolution,includingfossilevidence(e.g.,Australopit hecus,Homospecies)andgeneticstudiesrevealingrelationshipsamongmodernhumanpopulations.**EvolutionaryMechanismsandAdaptation**:Discussiononhowevolutionarymechanisms(naturalselection,genet icdrift)contributetoadaptationoforganismstotheirenvironments.**EvolutionandSpeciation**:Explanationofspeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingallopatric,sympatric,andparapatricspeciatio n.**EmergingTopicsinEvolutionaryBiology**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinevolutionarybiology,suchasevolutionarydevelopmentalbiology(evodevo),molecularevolution,andthestudyofevolutionaryprocessesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDarwinandevo lution,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciples,mechanisms,andevidencesupportingevolutionarytheory.Chapter14providesacomprehensiveexplorationofevolutionarytheory,Darwin'scontributions,andthemech anismsthatdriveevolutionarychange.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofgeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintoecology,biodiversity,andevolutionarybiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersoft hetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter14,feelfreetoask!Chapter15:EvolutiononaSmallScaleChapter15of"Essentialso fBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaSmallScale,"typicallyfocusesonevolutionaryprocessesthatoccurwithinpopulationsandspecies.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthis chapter:**IntroductiontoMicroevolution**:Definitionofmicroevolutionasevolutionarychangeoccurringwithinpopulationsoverrelativelyshortperiodsoftime.**PopulationGenetics**:Overviewofpopulationgenetics,w hichstudiesthedistributionandchangeofallelefrequenciesinpopulations:**GenePool**:Totalcollectionofallelesinapopulation.**Hardy-WeinbergPrinciple**:Mathematicalmodeldescribingallelefrequenciesinanonevolvingpopulation.**FactorsInfluencingMicroevolution**:Discussiononthemechanismsthatdrivemicroevolutionarychanges:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantage oustraits.**GeneticDrift**:Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesduetochanceevents,morepronouncedinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:So urceofnewgeneticvariation.**TypesofNaturalSelection**:Explorationofdifferenttypesofnaturalselection:**StabilizingSelection**:Selectionagainstextremes,favoringintermediatephenotypes.**DirectionalSelectio n**:Shifttowardoneextremephenotypeinresponsetoenvironmentalchange.**DisruptiveSelection**:Selectionfavoringbothextremes,leadingtopolymorphism.**AdaptationandFitness**:Definitionofadaptationasthe processbywhichpopulationsbecomebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.Measurementoffitnessastherelativereproductivesuccessofindividualswithaparticulargenotype.**GeneticVariation andPolymorphism**:Explanationofgeneticvariationwithinpopulations,including:**PolygenicTraits**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**QuantitativeGenetics**:Studyofcomplextraitsinfluencedbymultiplegenesa ndenvironmentalfactors.**SpeciationandReproductiveIsolation**:Introductiontospeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingmechanismsofreproductiveisolation:**PrezygoticBarriers**:Prevent matingorfertilizationbetweenspecies.**PostzygoticBarriers**:Reduceviabilityorfertilityofhybridoffspring.**PatternsofMicroevolution**:Examinationofevolutionarypatternsobservedinnaturalpopulations,including: **SelectivePressures**:Environmentalfactorsinfluencingadaptation.**PopulationBottlenecks**:Reductioninpopulationsizeleadingtogeneticdrift.**FounderEffect**:Geneticdriftinsmallfoundingpopulations.**Hu manImpactonMicroevolution**:Discussiononhowhumanactivities(e.g.,habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange)caninfluencemicroevolutionaryprocessesinnaturalpopulations.**EmergingTopicsinMicroevolu tion**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmicroevolutionarystudies,suchasevolutionaryresponsestorapidenvironmentalchangesandtheroleofepigeneticsinevolution.**SummaryandKeyCo ncepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomicroevolution,reinforcingunderstandingofthemechanismsandpatternsofevolutionarychangewithinpopulations.Chapter15providesacompr ehensiveexplorationofmicroevolutionaryprocesses,includingnaturalselection,geneticdrift,geneflow,andtheirrolesinshapinggeneticdiversityandadaptationwithinpopulations.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledge ofgeneticsandevolutionarytheory,preparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomacroevolution,ecologicalgenetics,andconservationbiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestio nsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter15,feelfreetoask!Chapter16:EvolutiononaLargeScaleChapter16of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichael Windelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaLargeScale,"typicallyexploresevolutionaryprocessesthatoccuroverlongertimescalesandacrosslargertaxonomicgroups.Here’sanovervi ewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**I ntroductiontoMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolutionasevolutionarypatternsandprocessesthatoccurabovethespecieslevel,leadingtothediversificationoflifeformsovergeologictimescales.**Speciation**:Det ailedexplorationofspeciation,theprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise:**AllopatricSpeciation**:Geographicisolationleadingtoreproductiveisolation.**SympatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringwithinthesamegeog raphicareaduetofactorslikepolyploidyorhabitatdifferentiation.**ParapatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringinadjacentbutdifferenthabitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajorpatternsandtrendso bservedinthefossilrecordandbiologicaldiversity:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofecologicalniches.**ExtinctionEvents**:Massextinctionsandtheirimpactonbiodiversit y.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartraitsinunrelatedlineages.**EvolutionaryTrends**:Analysisofevolutionarytrendsobservedinvarioustaxonomicgroups:**Coevolution**:Reciprocalevoluti onarychangesbetweeninteractingspecies(e.g.,predator-prey,host-parasite).**EvolutionaryDevelopmentalBiology(Evodevo)**:Studyofhowchangesindevelopmentalprocessescontributetoevolutionarychange.**EvolutionofComplexity**:Emergenceofcomplextraitsandbiologicalstructuresoverevolutionarytime.**Biogeography**:E xplorationofthedistributionofspeciesandhowhistoricalandecologicalfactorsinfluencepatternsofbiodiversity:**ContinentalDrift**:Movementofcontinentsanditsimpactonbiogeographicpatterns.**IslandBiogeograp hy**:Patternsofspeciesdiversityonislandsinfluencedbycolonizationandextinction.**EvolutionaryEcology**:Integrationofevolutionarybiologywithecologicalprinciples,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Ecologicalop portunitiesdrivingspeciation.**SpeciesInteractions**:Coevolutionaryrelationshipsandtheirecologicalandevolutionaryconsequences.**EvolutionaryDevelopment**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, hostparasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**:

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Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation scienc

7. Find the critical number(s), if any, of the function

.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.1.43 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 12:20 AM 8. Find the critical number(s), if any, of the function a.

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b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.1.44 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:54 AM 9. Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, if any, of the function

on [0, 9]

a. Abs. max.

abs. min. b. Abs. max.

abs. min. c. Abs. max.

abs. min. d. Abs. max.

abs. min.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.56 SCalc7e 3.1.54 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

Page 305

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 7/20/2015 1:56 PM 2/4/2020 3:00 AM

10. Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, if any, of the function

. a.

Abs. max. abs. min. b.

Abs. max. abs. min. c.

Abs. max. abs. min. d.

Abs. max. abs. min.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.58 SCalc7e 3.1.56 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 3:44 AM 11. Find the critical numbers of

.

a.

0, 2, b.

0, 3,

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c.

0, 3, d.

0, 2, e.

0, 2, ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.39 SCalc7e 3.1.39 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 3:50 AM 12. Find the absolute maximum value of

on the interval [– 6, 6].

a. 6 b. 4 c. 7 d. 5 e. 3 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.55 SCalc7e 3.1.53 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 3:51 AM 13. Find any absolute or local maximum and minimum values of

if x ≥ 6.

a. – 4 is an absolute minimum b. 6 is an absolute maximum Page 307

c. 6 is a local minimum d. 6 is an absolute minimum e. – 4 is a local maximum f. –3 is an absolute maximum ANSWER: f POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.16 SCalc7e 3.1.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 3:52 AM 14. Find the critical number(s) of the function.

a. 0 b. 2 c. 5 d. 40 e. –5 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.31 SCalc7e 3.1.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 3:54 AM 15. For what values of c does the curve have maximum and minimum points?

a.

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b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.65 SCalc7e 3.1.72 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 3:21 AM 16. Find the local and absolute extreme values of the function on the given interval.

, [2,4] ANSWER:

Max (4,8), Min (3,4)

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.49 SCalc7e 3.1.47 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 12:10 AM 17. Estimate the absolute minimum value of the function

to two decimal places on the interval

[0,10].

Page 309

__________ ANSWER:

–3.66

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.1.50 SCalc7e 3.1.59 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 4:39 AM 18. Find the critical numbers of the function.

ANSWER:

4,–4

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.36 SCalc7e 3.1.36 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 4:33 AM 19. Find all the critical numbers of the function.

Page 310

ANSWER:

nπ, n ∈ integers

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.41 SCalc7e 3.1.41 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 4:34 AM 20. Find the absolute maximum of the function.

on the interval ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.57 SCalc7e 3.1.55 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 4:37 AM 21. Estimate the absolute maximum value of the function

to two decimal places on the interval

[0,2].

Page 311

ANSWER:

1.3

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.67 SCalc7e 3.1.61 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 4:42 AM 22. Find the absolute minimum value(s) of ANSWER:

on the interval [0, 6].

–38

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.47 SCalc7e 3.1.45 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 4:48 AM 23. Find all the maximum and minimum values of the function.

Page 312

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.35 SCalc7e 3.1.35 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 4:50 AM 24. Find the maximum and minimum points of the function, if they exist.

ANSWER:

0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.39 SCalc7e 3.1.39 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 4:57 AM 25. Find the maximum and minimum points of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.54 SCalc7e 3.1.52 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

Page 313

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Numerical Response SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 7/20/2015 1:56 PM 2/4/2020 5:00 AM

26. Find the minimum points of the function.

ANSWER:

4

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.50 SCalc7e 3.1.48 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:01 AM 27. Find a cubic function

that has a local maximum value of 112 at 1 and a local

minimum value of –1,184 at 7.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.78 SCalc7e 3.1.72 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.03 - Identify the local extrema of functions using the first derivative test.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:03 AM 28. Find the absolute maximum value of

on the interval [-9, 9] .

ANSWER:

3

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Medium SCalcET7 4.1.55 SCalc7e 3.1.53 Page 314

QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:04 AM 29. The graph below is the graph of function f on the interval (-∞, ∞). Find the absolute maximum and absolute

minimum values of f (if they exist) and where they are attained.

ANSWER:

abs. min.

, abs max.

n an integer

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.5 SCalc7e 3.1.5 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 4:43 AM 30. Sketch the graph of

on (-2, 1] and find its absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, if

any.

Page 315

ANSWER:

Abs. min.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.15 SCalc7e 3.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 4:43 AM

31. Sketch the graph of

on

and find its absolute maximum and absolute minimum values,

if any.

ANSWER:

Page 316

Abs. max.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.19 SCalc7e 3.1.19 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/24/2020 5:11 AM

32. Sketch the graph of the function

on

and find its absolute maximum and absolute

minimum values, if any.

ANSWER:

absolute maximum value:

, absolute minimum value: none

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.1.16 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first Page 317

KEYWORDS: OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

derivatives.

7ET Short Answer Section 4.1 7/20/2015 1:56 PM 2/14/2020 4:45 AM

33. Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, if any, of the function

on [-1, 1].

ANSWER:

absolute maximum:

absolute minimum:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.1.59 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:56 AM

34. Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, if any, of the function

ANSWER:

absolute maximum:

on

.

, absolute minimum:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.1.60 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:58 AM Page 318

35. The quantity demanded per month of an item is related to the unit price by the demand equation

, 0 ≤ x ≤ 20 where p is measured in dollars and x is measured in units of a thousand. How many items must be sold by the manufacturer to maximize its revenue?

Hint: Recall that the revenue is given by R=px.

ANSWER: 10,000 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.69 SCalc7e 3.1.63 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first derivatives.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:00 AM 36. A cylindrical tank of height 10 feet is filled with water. Suppose a jet of water flows through an orifice on

the tank. It can be shown that the range R (in feet) of the jet of water is given by

.

Where should the orifice be located so that the jet of water will have the maximum range?

ANSWER:

Halfway up the side of the cylinder; that is, 5.0 feet from the top of the cylinder.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.1.70 SCalc7e 3.1.64 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.02 - Find global minima and maxima of functions using first Page 319

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

derivatives.

Short Answer SCalcET7 Section 4.1 SCalc7e Section 3.1 7/20/2015 1:56 PM 2/14/2020 4:46 AM

1. Find the number c that satisfies the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem on the given interval.

, [0, 25] a. b. c. d.

c= e. None of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.13 SCalc7e 3.2.13 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.06 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that satisfy the Mean Value Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 10:06 AM

satisfies the hypotheses of Rolle’s Theorem on the interval [–4, 6]. Find all values of c that satisfy the conclusion of the theorem.

2. The function

a. 0, 2 b. 0 c. 1, 2 d. 1 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.1 SCalc7e 3.2.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.05 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that Page 320

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

3. The function

satisfy Rolle’s Theorem.

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 7/20/2015 1:56 PM 2/4/2020 8:41 AM

satisfies the hypotheses of Rolle’s Theorem on the interval

. Find all

values of c that satisfy the conclusion of the theorem. a. ±3 b. 3 c. ±2 d. 2 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.2 SCalc7e 3.2.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.05 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that satisfy Rolle’s Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 7:36 AM 4. The function

satisfies the hypotheses of Rolle’s Theorem on the interval

. Find all

values of c that satisfy the conclusion of the theorem. a. b. 1 c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.3 SCalc7e 3.2.3 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.05 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that satisfy Rolle’s Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 Page 321

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:56 PM 2/4/2020 7:15 AM

5. The function

satisfies the hypotheses of Rolle’s Theorem on the interval

. Find all

values of c that satisfy the conclusion of the theorem. a. 0 b. c. d.

0, 0,

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.4 SCalc7e 3.2.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.05 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that satisfy Rolle’s Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:18 AM 6. The function

satisfies the hypotheses of the Mean Value Theorem on the interval . Find all values of c that satisfy the conclusion of the theorem. a. 5 b. 9 c. 0, 1 d. 0, 9 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.9 SCalc7e 3.2.9 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.06 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that satisfy the Mean Value Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 10/6/2021 9:39 AM Page 322

7. The function

satisfies the hypotheses of the Mean Value Theorem on the interval [0, 16] Find all

values of c that satisfy the conclusion of the theorem. a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: 4.2.14 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.03.04 - Analyze functions using Rolle’s Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:25 AM 8. How many real roots does the equation

have in the interval [-1, 1]?

a. at most five real roots b. no real roots c. at most one real root d. at most two real roots e. at most three real roots ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.19 SCalc7e 3.2.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.03.04 - Analyze functions using Rolle’s Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem.

Page 323

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 7/20/2015 1:56 PM 2/4/2020 7:26 AM

9. Verify that the function satisfies the three hypotheses of Rolle's Theorem on the given interval. Then find all

numbers c that satisfy the conclusion of Rolle's Theorem. , a. b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.4 SCalc7e 3.2.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.05 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that satisfy Rolle’s Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 8:47 AM 10. Verify that the function satisfies the three hypotheses of Rolle's Theorem on the given interval. Then find all

numbers c that satisfy the conclusion of Rolle's Theorem.

a.

b.

c.

Page 324

d.

e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.2 SCalc7e 3.2.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.05 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that satisfy Rolle’s Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/9/2021 6:34 AM 11. Use the graph of f to estimate the values of c that satisfy the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem for the

interval [0, 7].

Select all that apply. a. c = 0 b. c = 1.3 c. c = 0.7 d. c = 6.0 e. c = 3.9 f. c = 3.0 Page 325

g. c = 5.7 h. c = 0.1 ANSWER: c, e, f, g POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.7 SCalc7e 3.2.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.07 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using Rolle’s Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem.

OTHER: Multiple Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 8:12 AM 12. At 4:00 P.M. a car's speedometer reads 25 mi/h². At 4:15 it reads 74 mi/h². At some time between 4:00 and

4:15 the acceleration is exactly x mi/h². Find x.

ANSWER: x = 196 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.34 SCalc7e 3.2.32 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.07 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using Rolle’s Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM 13. The function

satisfies the hypotheses of the Mean Value Theorem on the interval [-2, 0]. Find

all values of c that satisfy the conclusion of the theorem.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.2.12 SCalc7e 3.2.12 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.06 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that satisfy the Mean Value Theorem.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.2 SCalc7e Section 3.2 Page 326

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:56 PM 1/4/2021 11:37 AM

14. The function

satisfies the hypotheses of the Mean Value Theorem on the interval [0, 8].

Find all values of c that satisfy the conclusion of the theorem.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: 3.2.11 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.06 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that satisfy the Mean Value Theorem.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 3.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:57 AM 15. If

and

for

, how large can

possibly be?

a. –16 b. 16 c. –20 d. 20 e. 24 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.04.07 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using Rolle’s Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 4:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:55 AM

1. Determine where the graph of the function

is concave upward and where it is concave

downward. Also, find all inflection points of the function. a. CD on (0, ∞),

IP (0, 7) Page 327

b. CD on (0, ∞),

IP none c. CU on (0, ∞), CD on (–∞, 0), IP none d. CU on (0, ∞), CD on (–∞, 0), IP (0, 7) ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.40c SCalc7e 3.3.36c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.07 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using inflection points and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 12:48 AM 2. Determine where the graph of the function

is concave upward and where it is concave

downward. Also, find all inflection points of the function. a. CU on (–7, 7), IP none b. CU on (–∞, –7) and (7, ∞), CD on (–7, 7), IP (–7, –14) and (7, 14) c. CD on (–7, 7), IP none d. CU on (–7, 7), CD on (–∞, –7) and (7, ∞), IP (–7, –14) and (7, 14) ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.39c SCalc7e 3.3.35c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.07 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using inflection points and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 12:48 AM 3. Determine where the graph of

is concave upward and where it is concave downward. Also, Page 328

find all inflection points of the function. a. concave downward: (–∞, –6) and (6, ∞), concave upward: (–6, 0) and (0, 9); inflection points: (–6, 0) and (6, 0) b. concave downward: (–6, 0) and (0, 9), concave upward: (–∞, –6) and (6, ∞); inflection points: (–6,

0) and (6, 0) c. concave downward: (–∞, 6) and (6, ∞), concave upward: nowhere; inflection points: none d. concave downward: nowhere, concave upward: (–∞, –6) and (6, ∞); inflection points: none ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.51d QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.07 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using inflection points and concavity.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 1:10 AM 4. Use the Second Derivative Test to find the relative extrema, if any, of the function

.

a. Rel. max. f(–2) = 1,

rel. min. f(1) = –8 b. Rel. max. f(–1) = 12, rel. min. f(2) = –15 c. Rel. max. f(2) = 15, rel. min. f(–1) = –12 d. Rel. max. f(1) = 8, rel. min. f(–2) = –1 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.19 SCalc7e 3.3.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM Page 329

DATE MODIFIED:

1/31/2020 1:09 AM

5. Find the relative extrema, if any, of

. Use the Second Derivative Test, if possible.

a. relative minimum: none, relative maximum: b. relative minimum:

, relative maximum: none

c. relative minimum:

, relative maximum: none

d. relative minimum: none, relative maximum: ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.20 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 1:07 AM 6. Find the relative extrema, if any, of f(t) = t – 5lnt. Use the Second Derivative Test, if possible. a.

relative minimum: none, relative maximum: b. relative minimum:

, relative maximum: none

c. relative minimum: none, relative maximum: d.

relative minimum:

, relative maximum: none

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.21 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 1:26 AM Page 330

7. Find the point(s) of inflection of the graph of

.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.13c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.02.05.07 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 1:32 AM 8. How many points of inflection are on the graph of the function?

3

2

f(x) = 18x + 5x – 12x – 20 a. 5 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 1 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.9c SCalc7e 3.3.9c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.05 - Find inflection points using the second derivative test.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 Page 331

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:56 PM 7/20/2015 1:56 PM

9. Find the inflection points for the function given.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.14 SCalc7e 3.3.14 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.05 - Find inflection points using the second derivative test.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:56 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 1:57 AM 10. The graph of the derivative f '(x) of a continuous function f is shown. On what intervals is f decreasing?

a. (4, 6) ∪ (7, 9) b. (–1, 1) c. (8, 9) d. (2, 6) Page 332

e. None of these ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.31a SCalc7e 3.3.27a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 6:50 AM 11. You are given the graph of the derivative f ' of a function f.

(a) Determine the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing. (b) Find the x-coordinate of the relative maxima and relative minima of f.

a. (a) Increasing (–∞, –5) and (5, ∞)

decreasing on (–5, 5) (b) Rel. max at –5, rel. min. at 5 b. (a) Increasing (–∞, –5) and (5, ∞) decreasing on (–5, 5) (b) Rel. min. at –5 c. (a) Increasing (0, ∞), decreasing on (–∞, 0) (b) Rel. min at 0 d. (a) Increasing (0, ∞), decreasing on (–∞, 0) (b) Rel. min at –6 ANSWER:

a Page 333

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.5 SCalc7e 3.3.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 6:54 AM 2

12. Given f(x) = x + 2x.

(a) Find the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing. (b) Find the relative maxima and relative minima of f. a. (a) Increasing on (–1, ∞),

decreasing on (–∞, –1) (b) Rel. min. f(–1) = –1 b. (a) Increasing on (–∞, –1), decreasing on (–1, ∞) (b) Rel. max. f(–1) = –1 c. (a) Increasing on (–2, ∞), decreasing on (–∞, –2) (b) Rel. min. f(–2) = 0 d. (a) Increasing on (–∞, –2), decreasing on (–2, ∞) (b) Rel. max. f(–2) = 0 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.9ab SCalc7e 3.3.9ab QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM 3

2

13. Given f(x) = 2x – 3x – 36x - 10.

(a) Find the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing. (b) Find the relative maxima and relative minima of f.

Page 334

a. (a) Increasing on (–∞, –2) and (3, ∞), decreasing on (–2, 3)

(b) Rel. max. f(–2) = 34, rel. min. f(3) = –91 b. (a) Increasing on (–∞, –3) and (2, ∞), decreasing on (–3, 2) (b) Rel. max. f(–3) = 17, rel. min. f(2) = –78 c. (a) Increasing on (–3, 2), decreasing on (–∞, –3) and (2, ∞) (b) Rel. max. f(2) = 78, rel. min. f(–3) = –17 d. (a) Increasing on (–2, 3), decreasing on (–∞, –2) and (3, ∞) (b) Rel. max. f(3) = 91, rel. min. f(–2) = –34 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.10ab SCalc7e 3.3.10ab QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM 14. Given

. (a) Find the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing. (b) Find the relative maxima and relative minima of f. a. (a) Increasing on (0, ∞),

decreasing on (–∞, 0) (b) Rel. min. f(0) = –6 b. (a) Increasing on (0, ∞) (b) None c. (a) Increasing on (–∞, 0), decreasing on (0, ∞) (b) Rel. max. f(0) = –6 d. (a) Decreasing on (0, ∞) (b) None ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

b 1 Medium ScalcET7 4.3.41ab SCalc7e 3.3.37ab Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) True Page 335

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 2:05 AM

15. Given

.

(a) Find the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing. (b) Find the relative maxima and relative minima of f. a. (a) Increasing on (–6, 6), decreasing on (–∞, –6) and (6, ∞)

(b) Rel. max. f(6) = 12, rel. min. f(–6) = –12 b. (a) Increasing on (–6, 0) and (0, 6) decreasing on (–∞, –6) and (6, ∞) (b) Rel. max. f(6) = 12, rel. min. f(–6) = –12 c. (a) Increasing on (–∞, –6) and (6, ∞), decreasing on (–6, 0) and (0, 6) (b) Rel. max. f(–6) = –12, rel. min. f(6) = 12 d. (a) Increasing on (–∞, –6) and (6, ∞) , decreasing on (–6, 6) (b) Rel. max. f(–6) = –12, rel. min. f(6) = 12 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.12ab SCalc7e 3.3.12ab QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 2:07 AM

16. Find the intervals where

is increasing and where it is decreasing.

a. increasing: (6e, ∞), decreasing: (0, 6e) b.

increasing:

, decreasing: Page 336

c. increasing: (60, ∞), decreasing: (0, 60) d.

increasing:

, decreasing:

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.45b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 2:15 AM 17. Determine where the graph of the function

is concave upward and where it is concave

downward. Also, find all inflection points of the function. a.

CU on

, CD on

,

IP b.

CU on IP

, CD on

and

and

c. CU on (0, ∞), CD on (–∞, 0),

IP (0, 0) d.

CU on

, CD on

,

IP ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.10c SCalc7e 3.3.10c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Identify intervals where a function is concave up or concave down.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 Page 337

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:57 PM 1/31/2020 2:37 AM

18. Use the Second Derivative Test to find the relative extrema, if any, of the function

.

a. None b. Rel. max. f(0) = 0 c. Rel. max. f(9) = 18,

rel. min. f(–9) = –18 d. Rel. max. f(–9) = –18, rel. min. f(9) = 18 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.20 SCalc7e 3.3.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 2:41 AM 19. The graph of the first derivative f '(x) of a function f is shown below. At what values of x does f have a local

maximum or minimum?

a. 9 b. 3 c. 10 d. 8 e. 4 Page 338

f. 7 ANSWER: b, c, e, f POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.6b SCalc7e 3.3.6b QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.03 - Identify the local extrema of functions using the first derivative test.

OTHER: Multiple Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:49 AM 20. Find a cubic function

that has a local maximum value of 4 at 1 and a local

minimum value of –1,184 at 7.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.67 SCalc7e 3.3.53 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.04.08.05 - Solve a system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 1:08 AM 21. The graph of the first derivative f '(x) of a function f is shown below. At what values of x does f have a local

maximum or minimum?

Page 339

ANSWER:

3, 5, 8, 10

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.5b SCalc7e 3.3.5b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.03 - Identify the local extrema of functions using the first derivative test.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:50 AM 22. The graph of the second derivative f ''(x) of a function f is shown. State the x-coordinates of the inflection

points of f.

ANSWER:

2, 4, 9

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.31d SCalc7e 3.3.27d QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.05 - Find inflection points using the second derivative test.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 7:00 AM 23. Estimate the extreme values of the function. Round the answers to the nearest hundredth.

Page 340

ANSWER:

48.33, 84.33

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.33b SCalc7e 3.3.29b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.02 - Find the critical numbers of a function.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 7:01 AM 24. For what values of a and b is (2, 2.5) is an inflection point of the curve

? What additional

inflection points does the curve have?

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.70 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.07 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using inflection points and concavity.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 1:15 AM 25. The graph of the derivative f '(x) of a continuous function f is shown. On what intervals is f decreasing?

Page 341

ANSWER:

(2, 6)∪(8, 9)

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.31a SCalc7e 3.3.27a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:52 AM 26. You are given the graph of a function f.

(a) Determine the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing. (b) Find the relative maxima and relative minima of f, if any.

Page 342

(a) Increasing on (–1, 1), decreasing on (–∞, –1) and (1, ∞) (b) Rel. max. f(1) = 4, rel. min. f(–1) = –4

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.8ab SCalc7e 3.3.2 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.01.02.07 - Find the intervals where a function is increasing and decreasing using its graph.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:53 AM

27. Given

.

(a) Find the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing. (b) Find the relative maxima and relative minima of f.

ANSWER:

(a) Increasing on (–5, 5), decreasing on (–∞, –5) and (5, ∞) (b) Rel. max.

, rel. min.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.12ab SCalc7e 3.3.12ab QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 3:15 AM 28. Given

. (a) Find the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing. (b) Find the relative maxima and relative minima of f.

ANSWER:

(a) Increasing on

, decreasing on

(b) Rel. max.

Page 343

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.14ab SCalc7e 3.3.14ab QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 3:55 AM 29. Consider the function

. (a) Find the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing. (b) Find the relative maxima and relative minima of f.

ANSWER:

(a) decreasing on (–∞, 0) and

, increasing on

; (b) relative

minimum: f(0) = 0, relative maximum:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.18ab QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 1:09 AM

30. Consider the function

. (a) Find the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing. (b) Find the

relative maxima and relative minima of f.

ANSWER:

(a) decreasing on (0, 1) and (1, e), increasing on (e, ∞); (b) relative minimum: f(e) = 4e, relative maximum: none

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Medium 4.3.16ab Page 344

QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 4:07 AM 31. You are given the graph of a function f. Determine the intervals where the graph of f is concave upward

and where it is concave downward. Find all inflection points of f.

ANSWER:

CD on (–∞, 2) and (2, ∞) IP none

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.61cd SCalc7e 3.3.49cd QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Identify intervals where a function is concave up or concave down.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 7:44 AM 32. You are given the graph of the second derivative f '' of a function f. (a) Determine the intervals where the

graph of f is concave upward and where it is concave downward. (b) Find the x-coordinates all inflection points of f.

Page 345

ANSWER:

CU on (–3, 0) and (1, ∞), CD on (–∞, –3) and (0, 1) IP at x = –3, 0, 1

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.31cd SCalc7e 3.3.27cd QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Identify intervals where a function is concave up or concave down.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:54 AM 33. Determine where the graph of the function

is concave upward and where it is concave downward. Also, find all inflection points of the function.

ANSWER:

CU on (–2, 0) and (2, ∞), CD on (–∞, –2) and (0, 2), IP (0, 0)

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.12c SCalc7e 3.3.12c QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Identify intervals where a function is concave up or concave down.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 Page 346

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:57 PM 1/31/2020 4:10 AM

34. Determine where the graph of the function

downward on the interval

is concave upward and where it is concave

. Also, find all inflection points of the function.

ANSWER:

CU on

, CD on

, IP

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.3.13c SCalc7e 3.3.13c QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Identify intervals where a function is concave up or concave down.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.3 SCalc7e Section 3.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 1:14 AM 35. Determine where the graph of

is concave upward and where it is concave downward. Also,

find all inflection points of the function.

ANSWER:

concave upward:

and

inflection points:

, concave downward:

,

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: 4.3.18c QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Identify intervals where a function is concave up or concave down.

KEYWORDS: 7ET Page 347

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer Section 4.3 7/20/2015 1:57 PM 2/19/2020 7:10 AM

36. The altitude (in feet) attained by a model rocket t sec into flight is given by the function

.

When is the rocket ascending, and when is it descending? What is the maximum altitude attained by the rocket?

ANSWER:

The rocket is ascending on The rocket is descending on

. .

Maximum altitude attained is approximately 55 ft.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.66 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 4:45 AM 37. The speed of traffic flow on a certain highway between 6 A.M. and 10 A.M. on a typical weekday is

approximated by the functon

where f(t) is measured in miles per hour and t is measured in hours, with t = 0 corresponding to 6 A.M. Find the interval where f is increasing, the interval where f is decreasing, and the relative extrema of f. Interpret your results.

ANSWER:

Increasing on (1, 4), decreasing on (0, 1), rel. min f(1) = 32 The speed of the traffic slows from 6 A.M. to a minimum speed of 32 mph at 7 A.M. The speed of traffic then increases from 7 A.M. to 10 A.M.

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium 4.3.65 Subjective Short Answer Page 348

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 4:49 AM

1. Find the limit.

a. 0 b. ∞ c. ln4 – ln5 d. ln5 – ln4 e. 1 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.22 SCalc7e 6.8.22 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 10:50 PM 2. Find the limit.

a. b. c. 0 Page 349

d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.18 SCalc7e 6.8.18 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.04 - Find limits at infinity algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:10 AM 3. Evaluate the limit using l’Hôpital’s Rule.

a. 0 b. 16 c. 12 d. 48 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.9 SCalc7e 6.8.9 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 6:02 AM 4. Evaluate the limit using l’Hôpital’s Rule.

a. 2

Page 350

b.

c.

d. 0 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.30 SCalc7e 6.8.30 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 12:28 AM 5. Evaluate the limit using l’Hôpital’s Rule.

a. ∞ b. 1 c.

e d. 0 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.25 SCalc7e 6.8.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 6:22 AM 6. Evaluate the limit using l’Hôpital’s Rule.

Page 351

a. –4 b. –32 c. –16 d. 4 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.16 SCalc7e 6.8.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:35 AM 7. Evaluate the limit.

a. 1 b. –8 c. 8 d. 0 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.56 SCalc7e 6.8.56 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.04 - Apply L’Hopital’s Rule by rewriting functions from a variety of indeterminate forms other than 0/0 and ∞/∞.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:38 AM 8. Evaluate the limit.

Page 352

a. –3 b. c. 0 d. 3 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.18 SCalc7e 6.8.18 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.04 - Apply L’Hopital’s Rule by rewriting functions from a variety of indeterminate forms other than 0/0 and ∞/∞.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 6:29 AM

9. Evaluate the limit

using l’Hôpital’s Rule.

a. –4 b. 32 c. 4 d. 12 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.34 SCalc7e 6.8.34 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:45 AM

10. Evaluate the limit

using l’Hôpital’s Rule.

Page 353

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.49 SCalc7e 6.8.49 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.04 - Apply L’Hopital’s Rule by rewriting functions from a variety of indeterminate forms other than 0/0 and ∞/∞.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 10:50 AM 11. Find the limit.

a. b. – ∞ c. ∞ d. 0 e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.18 SCalc7e 6.8.18 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.04 - Find limits at infinity algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 Page 354

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:57 PM 1/31/2020 7:06 AM

12. Evaluate the limit.

a. 0 b. ∞ c. π d. –5 e. 1 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.39 SCalc7e 6.8.39 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 4:10 AM 13. Find the value of the limit.

a. 115 b. 195 c. 125 d. 175 e. 185 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.26 SCalc7e 6.8.26 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM Page 355

DATE MODIFIED:

1/31/2020 7:16 AM

14. Use l'Hospital's Rule to calculate the exact value of the limit as

as x → 0.

a. 0 b. c. ∞ d.

e. –∞ ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.69 SCalc7e 6.8.69 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 11:51 PM 15. Find the limit.

a. ∞ b. c. –4 d. –∞ e. 0 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

b 1 Medium SCalcET7 4.4.13 SCalc7e 6.8.13 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 356

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 3/2/2020 4:44 PM 16. Find the value of the limit.

ANSWER:

0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.45 SCalc7e 6.8.45 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:38 AM 17. Find the limit.

ANSWER:

4

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.58 SCalc7e 6.8.58 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.04 - Find limits at infinity algebraically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:45 AM 18. Find the limit.

Page 357

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.34 SCalc7e 6.8.34 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:50 AM 19. Find the limit.

ANSWER:

0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.29 SCalc7e 6.8.29 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:54 AM 20. A city’s population (in thousands) t years from now is estimated by

What will the population of the city be in the long run? Hint: Find ANSWER:

23,000

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Easy SCalcET7 4.4.76a SCalc7e 6.8.86a Page 358

QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.05.04 - Find limits at infinity algebraically.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:58 AM

21. Find the limit

ANSWER:

, if it exists.

0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.15 SCalc7e 6.8.15 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 8:01 AM

22. Find the limit

, if it exists.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.4.12 SCalc7e 6.8.12 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.03 - Find limits of functions using L’Hopital’s Rule.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.4 SCalc7e Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 8:05 AM 23. The integrals

and

are called Fresnel integrals. They are used to explain the

phenomenon of light diffraction.Evaluate the given limit.

Page 359

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: 6.8.91 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.04 - Apply L’Hopital’s Rule by rewriting functions from a variety of indeterminate forms other than 0/0 and ∞/∞.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 6.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:57 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 10:45 AM 24. Find the limit using l’Hospital’s Rule if appropriate.

9 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.04 - Apply L’Hopital’s Rule by rewriting functions from a variety of indeterminate forms other than 0/0 and ∞/∞.

DATE CREATED: 2/5/2021 4:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 7:06 AM 25. Find the limit using l’Hospital’s Rule if appropriate.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.04 - Apply L’Hopital’s Rule by rewriting functions from a variety of indeterminate forms other than 0/0 and ∞/∞.

Page 360

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

2/5/2021 4:18 AM 2/5/2021 7:12 AM

26. Find the limit using l’Hospital’s Rule if appropriate.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.04 - Apply L’Hopital’s Rule by rewriting functions from a variety of indeterminate forms other than 0/0 and ∞/∞.

DATE CREATED: 2/5/2021 4:41 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 7:21 AM 27. Find the limit using l’Hospital’s Rule if appropriate.

1 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.04 - Apply L’Hopital’s Rule by rewriting functions from a variety of indeterminate forms other than 0/0 and ∞/∞.

DATE CREATED: 2/5/2021 4:59 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 7:30 AM 28. Find the limit using l’Hospital’s Rule if appropriate.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.02.04 - Apply L’Hopital’s Rule by rewriting functions from a variety of indeterminate forms other than 0/0 and ∞/∞.

DATE CREATED: 2/5/2021 5:23 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2021 7:37 AM

Page 361

1. Sketch the curve.

a.

b.

c.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.9 SCalc7e 3.5.9 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics Page 362

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 7/20/2015 1:58 PM 2/19/2020 1:03 AM

2. Sketch the curve.

a.

b.

c.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

a 1 Medium SCalcET7 4.5.3 SCalc7e 3.5.3 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 363

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 1:07 AM 3. What is the function of the graph?

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.4 SCalc7e 3.5.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

Page 364

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 7/20/2015 1:58 PM 2/20/2020 1:09 AM

4. Sketch the curve.

a.

b.

c.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.35 SCalc7e 3.5.35 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 365

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 1:14 AM

5. Find the slant asymptote of the function

.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.61 SCalc7e 3.5.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.04.06 - Find infinite limits algebraically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 7:54 AM 6. Sketch the graph of the function a.

using the curve-sketching guidelines. b.

Page 366

c.

d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.6 SCalc7e 3.5.6 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/21/2020 12:10 AM Page 367

7. Sketch the graph of the function

using the curve-sketching guidelines.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.8 SCalc7e 3.5.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 368

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 7/20/2015 1:58 PM 2/20/2020 1:30 AM

8. Sketch the graph of the function

using the curve-sketching guidelines.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

a 1 Medium SCalcET7 4.5.9 SCalc7e 3.5.9 Page 369

QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/24/2020 6:39 AM 9. Sketch the graph of the function

using the curve-sketching guidelines.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Page 370

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.26 SCalc7e 3.5.26 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:05 AM 10. Sketch the graph of the function a.

using the curve-sketching guidelines. b.

Page 371

c.

d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.5.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

Page 372

KEYWORDS: OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7ET Bimodal Section 4.5 7/20/2015 1:58 PM 2/20/2020 3:34 AM

11. Find the slant asymptote of the graph of

using the curve-sketching guidelines.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Page 373

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.66 SCalc7e 3.5.50 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.04.03 - Find infinite limits of functions graphically.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 3:44 AM 12. Sketch the curve. Find the equation of the slant asymptote.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium SCalcET7 4.5.20 SCalc7e 3.5.20 Numeric Response Page 374

HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.01.04.03 - Find infinite limits of functions graphically.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 3/3/2020 2:50 AM 13. Sketch the graph of the function ANSWER:

using the curve-sketching guidelines.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.6 SCalc7e 3.5.6 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 3:47 AM

14. Sketch the graph of the function

using the curve-sketching guidelines.

Page 375

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.10 SCalc7e 3.5.10 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 3:48 AM 15. Sketch the graph of the function

using the curve-sketching guidelines.

ANSWER:

POINTS:

1 Page 376

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.5.51 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:07 AM

16. Sketch the graph of the function

using the curve-sketching guidelines.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.5.53 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:07 AM Page 377

17. An efficiency study showed that the total number of cell phones assembled by the average worker at a

manufacturing company t hours after starting work at 8 a.m. is given by

Sketch the graph of the function N, and interpret your result.

ANSWER:

The average worker’s efficiency increases until 10 a.m. and then begins to decrease.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.56 SCalc7e 3.5.42 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:08 AM

18. Sketch the graph of the function

using the curve-sketching guidelines.

Page 378

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.14 SCalc7e 3.5.14 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:14 AM

19. Sketch the graph of the function

on

using the curve-sketching guidelines.

ANSWER:

Page 379

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.5.33 SCalc7e 3.5.33 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.5 SCalc7e Section 3.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 4:31 AM

1. What can you say about point of inflation for

?

a. point of inflation gets closer to ±8 b. point of inflation goes away from the origin c. point of inflation gets closer to the origin d. point of inflation goes away from ±4 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 4.6.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Define inflection point.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 7:59 AM 2. Identify any transitional values of c at which the basic shape of the curve changes.

a. c = 2 b. c = 6 c. c = 4 d. c = 0 ANSWER: POINTS:

d 1 Page 380

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.6.28 SCalc7e 3.6.20 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Define inflection point.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.6 SCalc7e Section 3.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 8:01 AM 3. a) Graph the funtion

. b) Use l’Hospitals’ rule to explain the behavior as x → 0. a. a)

b. a)

b) There is a hole at (0, 0)

b) There is a hole at (0, 1)

c. a)

d. a)

b)

b) There is a hole at (1, 0) Page 381

There is a hole at (0, 0) ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.6.11ab QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 12:42 AM 4. What is the function of the graph?

a. y = x6 – 8x2 + 5x b. y = 6x4 – 8x3 + 5x c. y = x7 – 8x3 + 5x d. y = 5x4 – 5x2 + 8x + 3 e. y = 6x3 – 8x2 + 5 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.6.1 SCalc7e 3.6.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 382

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.6 SCalc7e Section 3.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 12:35 AM 5. What is the function of the graph?

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.6.5 SCalc7e 3.6.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.6 SCalc7e Section 3.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM Page 383

DATE MODIFIED:

2/18/2020 12:35 AM

6. Select the correct graph for the given function a.

b.

c.

d.

.

e.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

c 1 Medium SCalcET7 4.6.7 SCalc7e 3.6.7 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 384

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.08 - Sketch the graph of a function using key characteristics of the graph, including extrema and concavity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.6 SCalc7e Section 3.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 12:37 AM 7. For what values of c does the curve have maximum and minimum points for the given function

? a. b.

c=± c=±

c. d. e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.6.28 SCalc7e 3.6.28a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.03 - Identify the local extrema of functions using the first derivative test.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.6 SCalc7e Section 3.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 10:38 AM 8. For what values of с does the curve have maximum and minimum points for the given function

?

Select the correct answer. a.

For

, a parabola whose vertex (0, 2), is the absolute maximum.

For , opens downward with one minimum points.

For c < 0, the graph opens upward, and has an absolute maximum at x = 0 and no local minimum. b.

For

, a parabola whose vertex (0, 2), is the absolute maximum.

For , opens upward with two minimum points.

For c < 0, the graph opens downward, and has an absolute minimum at x = 0 and no local minimum.

Page 385

c.

For

, a parabola whose vertex (0, 3), is the absolute maximum.

For , opens upward with two minimum points.

For c < 0, the graph opens downward, and has an absolute minimum at x = 0 and no local minimum. d.

For

, a parabola whose vertex (0, 1), is the absolute maximum.

For , opens upward with two minimum points.

For c < 0, the graph opens downward, and has an absolute maximum at x = 0 and no local minimum. e.

For

, a parabola whose vertex (0, –1), is the absolute maximum.

For , opens downward with two maximum points.

For c < 0, the graph opens upward, and has an absolute minimum at x = 0.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.6.39a SCalc7e 3.6.27a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.03 - Identify the local extrema of functions using the first derivative test.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.6 SCalc7e Section 3.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 1:29 AM 9. Using a graphing device, estimate the intervals of increase for the function

. Round your answer to two decimal places if necessary. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.01 - Identify intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing using the first derivative of the function.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:01 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 1:35 AM 10. Using a graphing device, estimate the x values of all critical points of the function Page 386

. Round your answer to two decimal places if necessary. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Define inflection point.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:01 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 2:35 AM 11. Using a graphing device, find the inflection points of the function

. Round your answers to two decimal places if necessary. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Define inflection point.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:01 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 10:12 AM 12. Using a graphing device, find the intervals over which the function is concave up

a. b. c. d.

Page 387

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.06 - Identify intervals where a function is concave up or concave down.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:23 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 1:59 AM 13. For the function below, identify any transitional values of c at which the basic shape of the curve changes.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Define inflection point.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:01 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 10:15 AM 14. For the function below, identify all transitional values of c at which the basic shape of the curve changes.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Define inflection point.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:01 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 2:11 AM Page 388

15. For the function below, identify any transitional values of c at which the basic shape of the curve changes.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.01.04 - Define inflection point.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:01 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 2:14 AM

1. What is the shortest possible length of the line segment that is cut off by the first quadrant and is tangent to

the curve

at some point?

a. b.

c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.55 SCalc7e 3.7.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:22 AM Page 389

2. Find two positive numbers whose product is 169 and whose sum is a minimum. a. 13, 13 b. 3, 48 c. 6, 24 d. 4, 36 e. 2, 72 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.3 SCalc7e 3.7.3 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 3. A rectangular storage container with an open top is to have a volume of 10 m³. The length of its base is twice

the width. Material for the base costs $12 per square meter. Material for the sides costs $5 per square meter.

Find the cost of materials for the cheapest such container. a. $153.92 b. $152.90 c. $152.40 d. $153.90 e. $158.10 f. $151.60 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.16 SCalc7e 3.7.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 4. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of largest area that can be inscribed in an equilateral triangle of side L = Page 390

9 cm if one side of the rectangle lies on the base of the triangle.

Round your answer to the nearest tenth. a. 9.5 cm, 3.9 cm b. 7.5 cm, 2.9 cm c. 5.5 cm, 4.4 cm d. 4.5 cm, 4 cm e. 4 cm, 3.91 cm f. 4.5 cm, 3.9 cm ANSWER: f POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.25 SCalc7e 3.7.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 5. A woman at a point A on the shore of a circular lake with radius 4 mi wants to arrive at the point C

diametrically opposite on the other side of the lake in the shortest possible time. She can walk at the rate of 6 mi/h and row a boat at 2 mi/h. How should she proceed? (Find θ). Round the result, if necessary, to the nearest hundredth.

a. 0.62 radians b. 0.44 radians c. 0.46 radians d. She should walk around the lake from point A to point C. e. She should row from point A to point C radians ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

d 1 Medium Page 391

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.48 SCalc7e 3.7.48 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.05 - Interpret the result of an applied optimization problem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/16/2020 11:53 PM 6. Find the point on the line

that is closest to the origin.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.19 SCalc7e 3.7.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:27 AM 7. A rectangular beam will be cut from a cylindrical log of radius r =30 inches. Suppose that the strength of a

rectangular beam is proportional to the product of its width and the square of its depth. Find the dimensions of the strongest beam that can be cut from the cylindrical log.

Page 392

a.

in, 60 in

b.

in,

in

c.

in,

in

d.

in,

in

e.

60 in,

in

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.65 SCalc7e 3.7.65 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 2:54 AM 8. Find the smallest possible area of an isosceles triangle that is circumscribed about a circle of radius r = 5. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS:

c 1 Page 393

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.27 SCalc7e 3.7.27 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:01 AM 2

9. Find the dimensions of a rectangle of area 324 ft that has the smallest possible perimeter. a. 4 ft by 81 ft b. 1 ft by 324 ft c. 2 ft by 162 ft d. 18 ft by 18 ft ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.8 SCalc7e 3.7.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 10. A production editor decided that a promotional flyer should have a 1-in. margin at the top and the bottom,

and a

-in. margin on each side. The editor further stipulated that the flyer should have an area of 32

2

in. . Determine the dimensions of the flyer that will result in the maximum printed area on the flyer.

a. 4 in. × 8 in. b. 2 in. × 16 in.

Page 394

c. d.

in. ×

in.

in. ×

in.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.34 SCalc7e 3.7.34 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 2:55 AM 11. Find the dimensions of the rectangle enclosed in the semicircle

with the largest possible

area.

a. 6 in. × 8 in. b. 7 in. × 7 in. c. d.

in. ×

in.

in. ×

in.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.23 SCalc7e 3.7.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 395

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 2:12 AM 12. An apple orchard has an average yield of 48 bushels of apples per tree if tree density is 20 trees per

acre. For each unit increase in tree density, the yield decreases by 2 bushels per tree. How many trees per acre should be planted to maximize yield? a. 17 trees/acre b. 20 trees/acre c. 18 trees/acre d. 22 trees/acre ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.9 SCalc7e 3.7.9 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 13. A manufacturer has been selling 1,200 television sets a week at $400 each. A market survey indicates that

for each $30 rebate offered to the buyer, the number of sets sold will increase by 60 per week. Find the demand function. a. p(x) = 0.5x + 1,000 b. p(x) = – 0.5x + 1,000 c. p(x) = – 0.5x + 400,5 d. p(x) = 0.5x + 600 e. p(x) = 0.5x ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.61 SCalc7e 3.7.61a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

Page 396

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 7/20/2015 1:59 PM

14. A piece of wire 10 m long is cut into two pieces. One piece is bent into a square and the other is bent into an

equilateral triangle. How should the wire be cut for the square so that the total area enclosed is a minimum?

Round your answer to the nearest hundredth. a. 0 m b. 4.35 m c. 6.35 m d. 8.35 m e. 7.35 m ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.35 SCalc7e 3.7.35 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 15. A right circular cylinder is inscribed in a sphere of radius r = 6 cm. Find the largest possible surface area of

such a cylinder. Round the result to the nearest hundredth. a. 365.99 cm² b. 385.99 cm² c. 395.99 cm² d. 375.99 cm² e. 405.99 cm² ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.29 SCalc7e 3.7.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 397

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 7/20/2015 1:59 PM

16. Consider the following problem: A farmer with 890 ft of fencing wants to enclose a rectangular area and

then divide it into four pens with fencing parallel to one side of the rectangle. What is the largest possible total area of the four pens? a. 19,791.5 ft² b. 19.902.5 ft² c. 19.801.5 ft² d. 19.825.5 ft² e. 19,802.5 ft² ANSWER: RATIONALE:

e Area is calculated using

. Replace y with

.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.11 SCalc7e 3.7.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:05 AM 17. What is the minimum vertical distance between the parabolas

and

?

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.6 SCalc7e 3.7.6 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM Page 398

DATE MODIFIED:

2/4/2020 5:37 AM

18. The sum of two positive numbers is 16. What is the smallest possible value of the sum of their squares?

ANSWER: 128 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.4 SCalc7e 3.7.4 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 19. Find an equation of the line through the point (6, 12) that cuts off the least area from the first quadrant.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.52 SCalc7e 3.7.52 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:39 AM 20. A steel pipe is being carried down a hallway 13 ft wide. At the end of the hall there is a right-angled turn

into a narrower hallway 9 ft wide. What is the length of the longest pipe that can be carried horizontally around the corner?

ANSWER:

30.94 ft

POINTS:

1 Page 399

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.70 SCalc7e 3.7.70 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 2:55 AM 21. Find the maximum area of a rectangle that can be circumscribed about a given rectangle with length L = 8

and width W = 3.

ANSWER:

60.5

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.75 SCalc7e 3.7.73 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 2:56 AM 22. A fence 4 ft tall runs parallel to a tall building at a distance of 2 ft from the building. What is the length of

the shortest ladder that will reach from the ground over the fence to the wall of the building? Round the result to the nearest hundredth.

ANSWER: 8.32 POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium SCalcET7 4.7.38 SCalc7e 3.7.38 Numeric Response Page 400

HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 23. If 1,800 cm² of material is available to make a box with a square base and an open top, find the largest

possible volume of the box. Round your answer to two decimal places if necassary.

ANSWER:

7,348.47 cm

3

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.15 SCalc7e 3.7.15 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 24. An aircraft manufacturer wants to determine the best selling price for a new airplane. The company

estimates that the initial cost of designing the airplane and setting up the factories in which to build it will be 500 million dollars. The additional cost of manufacturing each plane can be modeled by the function

where x is the number of aircraft produced and m is the manufacturing cost, in millions of dollars. The company estimates that if it charges a price p (in millions of dollars) for each plane, it will be able to sell .

Find the cost function.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.58 SCalc7e 3.7.58 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:45 AM Page 401

25. A Norman window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. (Thus the diameter of the

semicircle is equal to the width of the rectangle.) If the perimeter of the window is 20 ft, find the dimensions of the window so that the greatest possible amount of light is admitted. Round your answer to two decimal places.

ANSWER: 5.60, 2.80 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.32 SCalc7e 3.7.32 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 26. A baseball team plays in a stadium that holds 56,000 spectators. With ticket prices at $9, the average

attendance had been 32,000. When ticket prices were lowered to $8, the average attendance rose to 36,000.

How should ticket prices be set to maximize revenue? Assume the demand function is linear.

ANSWER: p = 8.5 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.59 SCalc7e 3.7.59 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 27. The manager of a 100-unit apartment complex knows from experience that all units will be occupied if the

rent is $700 per month. A market survey suggests that, on the average, one additional unit will remain vacant for each $25 increase in rent. What rent should the manager charge to maximize revenue?

ANSWER: 1,600.00 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.62 SCalc7e 3.7.62 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM Page 402

28. Find two numbers whose difference is 140 and whose product is a minimum.

ANSWER: –70, 70 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.2 SCalc7e 3.7.2 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 29. The owner of a ranch has 2,400 yd of fencing with which to enclose a rectangular piece of grazing land

situated along a straight portion of a river. If fencing is not required along the river, what are the dimensions of the largest area he can enclose? What is the area?

ANSWER:

Dimensions: 1,200 yd × 600 yd, Maximum area: 720,000 yd²

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.13 SCalc7e 3.7.13 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 12:07 AM 30. If an open box is made from a metal sheet 27 in. square by cutting out identical squares from each corner an

bending up the resulting flaps, determine the dimensions of the box with the largest volume that can be made.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium SCalcET7 4.7.12 SCalc7e 3.7.12 Subjective Short Answer Page 403

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:50 AM 31. A rectangular box having a top and a square base is to be constructed at a cost of $1. If the material for the

bottom costs $0.15 per square foot, the material for the top costs $0.35 per square foot, and the material for the sides costs $0.20 per square foot, find the dimensions and volume of the box of maximum volume that can be constructed.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.16 SCalc7e 3.7.16 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.03 - Write an equation for a function that is to be minimized or maximized from a verbal description.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:14 AM 32. A poster of height 34 in. is mounted on a wall so that its lower edge is 10 in. above the eye level of an

observer. How far from the wall should the observer stand so that the viewing angle θ subtended at his eye by the poster is as large as possible (see figure - not drawn to scale)?

Page 404

Round your answer to the nearest integer.

ANSWER:

21 in.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.71 SCalc7e 3.7.71 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 3:36 AM 33. A woman is on a lake in a rowboat located one mile form the closest point P of a straight shoreline (see the

figure). She wishes to get to point Q, 10 miles along the shore from P, by rowing to a point R between P and Q and then walking the rest of the distance. If she can row at a speed of 3 mph and walk at a speed of 4 mph, how should she pick the point R to get to Q as quickly as possible? How much time does she require?

Page 405

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.48 SCalc7e 3.7.48 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.03.04 - Optimize a function using derivatives.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 12:39 AM

1. Estimate the value of

2

by using three iterations of Newton’s method to solve the equation x - 13 = 0

with initial estimate x0 = 3. Round your final estimate to four decimal places. a. 2.3513 b. 3.6056 c. 2.2039 d. 3.4384 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.11 SCalc7e 3.8.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 1:30 AM 2. Estimate the value of

3

by using three iterations of Newton’s method to solve the equation x - 11 = 0

with initial estimate x0 = 2. Round your final estimate to four decimal places. a. 3.3166 b. 3.3934 c. 2.2240 d. 2.2297 Page 406

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.12 SCalc7e 3.8.12 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.11 - Approximate nth roots of a number using linear approximations or Newton’s Method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 1:32 AM 3. Use Newton’s method to obtain an approximation to the root of

to within 0.00001.

a. 0.48365 b. 0.37054 c. 0.44075 d. 0.39004 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.26 SCalc7e 3.8.26 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 1:33 AM 4. The size of the monthly repayment k that amortizes a loan of A dollars in N years at an interest rate of r per

year, compounded monthly, on the unpaid balance is given by

The value of r can be found by performing the iteration

Page 407

A family secured a loan of $360,000 from a bank to finance the purchase of a house. They have agreed to repay the loan in equal monthly installments of $2,386 over 25 years. Find the interest rate on this loan. Round the rate to one decimal place. a. 4.3% b. 7.3% c. 6.3% d. 5.3% ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.41 SCalc7e 3.8.39 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.12 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using numerical methods of approximation.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 6:13 AM 5. Use Newton’s method to approximate the zero of

between x = 0 and x = 1 using x0 = 0.5. Continue until two successive approximations differ by less than 0.00001. a. 0.89586 b. 0.83336 c. 0.92596 d. 0.97856 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.10 SCalc7e 3.8.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 Page 408

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:59 PM 2/5/2020 1:43 AM

6. Use Newton's method with the specified initial approximation x1 to find x3, the third approximation to the

root of the given equation. (Give your answer to four decimal places.)

ANSWER:

3.9647

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.10 SCalc7e 3.8.10 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 1:47 AM 7. Suppose the line y = 7x - 1 is tangent to the curve y = f(x) when x = -8. If Newton's method is used to locate a

root of the equation f(x) = 0 and the initial approximation is x1 = -8, find the second approximation x2.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.3 SCalc7e 3.8.3 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.12 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using numerical methods of approximation.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 1:54 AM 4

8. Use Newton's method to approximate the indicated root of x + x - 5 = 0 in the interval [1, 2], correct to six

decimal places.

Use x1 = 1.5 as the initial approximation.

ANSWER: 1.379414 POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium ScalcET7 4.8.13 SCalc7e 3.8.13 Numeric Response Page 409

HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 9. Use Newton’s method to find the zero of

to within 0.00001 by solving the equation

f(x) = 0 using x0 = 1.

ANSWER:

0.81773

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.7 SCalc7e 3.8.7 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 12:20 AM 10. Use Newton’s method to find the point of intersection of the graphs of f(x) = tanx and g(x) = 1 – 3x to

within 0.00001 by solving the equation f(x) - g(x) = 0 using x0 = 1.

Page 410

ANSWER:

0.24869

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.6 SCalc7e 3.8.6 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/24/2020 7:56 AM 11. Use Newton’s method to approximate the zero of

between x = 0 and x = 2 using x0 = 1.

Continue until two successive approximations differ by less than 0.00001.

ANSWER:

0.59607

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.9 SCalc7e 3.8.9 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 Page 411

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:59 PM 2/6/2020 8:34 AM

in [–2, –1] to within 0.00001.

12. Approximate the zero of ANSWER: –1.6717

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.13 SCalc7e 3.8.13 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 2:01 AM 13. Use Newton’s method to solve the equation ANSWER:

to within 0.00001.

–17.62088, 40.4499

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.8.23 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 2:03 AM 14. Approximate the zero of ANSWER:

in [-1,1] to within 0.00001.

0.31675

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 4.8.16 SCalc7e 3.8.16 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

Page 412

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer ScalcET7 Section 4.8 SCalc7e Section 3.8 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 2/5/2020 4:21 AM

15. Use Newton's method to find all solutions of the equation correct to six decimal places. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.03.05.10 - Approximate the roots of a function using Newton’s Method.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 7:27 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 2:09 AM

1. Evaluate

, and tell whether its antiderivative F is increasing or decreasing at the point

radians. a. – 0.288, increasing b. 0.757, decreasing c. –0.288, decreasing d. 0.757, increasing e. 0.277, decreasing ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.20 SCalc7e 3.9.20 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.03 - Find antiderivatives using the basic integration rules of functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 8:07 AM Page 413

2. Find f.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.26 SCalc7e 3.9.22 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.03 - Find antiderivatives using the basic integration rules of functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:01 AM 3. Find f.

a. b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.45 SCalc7e 3.9.39 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.04 - Find specific antiderivatives of functions, given initial conditions.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 414

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 2/5/2020 5:05 AM

4. Find the most general antiderivative of the function.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.2 SCalc7e 3.9.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.03 - Find antiderivatives using the basic integration rules of functions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:09 AM 5. A particle is moving with the given data. Find the position of the particle.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.59 SCalc7e 3.9.51 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 415

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:14 AM 6. Given that the graph of f passes through the point (4, 69) and that the slope of its tangent line at

, find f (1) . a. 34.5 b. 1 c. 12 d. 11 e. 1 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.49 SCalc7e 3.9.41 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.04 - Find specific antiderivatives of functions, given initial conditions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:16 AM 7. Find f.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.35 SCalc7e 3.9.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 416

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.04 - Find specific antiderivatives of functions, given initial conditions.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:21 AM 8. Find the most general antiderivative of the function.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.18 SCalc7e 3.9.15 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.03 - Find antiderivatives using the basic integration rules of functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:23 AM 9. Find f.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.9.44 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.04 - Find specific antiderivatives of functions, given initial conditions.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 4.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:26 AM 10. Find the most general antiderivative of the function.

Page 417

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.7 SCalc7e 3.9.7 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.03 - Find antiderivatives using the basic integration rules of functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:30 AM CausesofMutations**:Overviewofspontaneousmutations(arisingfromerrorsinDNAreplicationorrepair)andinducedmutations(causedbymutagens).**ConsequencesofMutations**:Impactofmutationsonproteinstru ctureandfunction:**SilentMutations**:Nochangeinaminoacidsequence.**MissenseMutations**:Changeinoneaminoacid.**NonsenseMutations**:Prematureterminationofproteinsynthesis.**FrameshiftMutations **:Insertionordeletionofnucleotides,leadingtoashiftinthereadingframe.**GeneticTesting**:DefinitionofgenetictestingastheanalysisofDNA,RNA,orchromosomestodetectgeneticvariationsassociatedwithinherited disordersorpredispositionstodiseases.**TypesofGeneticTesting**:Overviewofdifferentmethodsusedingenetictesting:**DiagnosticTesting**:Identificationofaspecificgeneticconditioninanindividual.**CarrierTesti ng**:Identificationofindividualscarryingrecessiveallelesforgeneticdisorders.**PredictiveandPresymptomaticTesting**:Assessmentofriskfordevelopinggeneticconditionslaterinlife.**PrenatalTesting**:Screeningf orgeneticdisordersinfetusesduringpregnancy.**NewbornScreening**:Testingforgeneticdisordersshortlyafterbirth.**EthicalandSocialIssuesinGeneticTesting**:Discussiononethicalconsiderationsrelatedtogenet ictesting,includingprivacy,confidentiality,informedconsent,andimplicationsforindividualsandfamilies.**GeneticCounseling**:Roleofgeneticcounselorsininterpretinggenetictestresults,providinginformation,ands upportingdecisionmakingregardinggenetictestingandfamilyplanning.**GeneticDisordersandPublicHealth**:Impactofgenetictestingonpublichealthinitiatives,diseaseprevention,andmanagementofgeneticdisorders.**EmergingTe chnologiesinGeneticTesting**:Introductiontoadvancesingenetictestingtechnologies,suchasnext-generationsequencing(NGS),wholeexomesequencing(WES),anddirect-toconsumergenetictesting.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomutationsandgenetictesting,reinforcingunderstandingofthecauses,consequences,applicat ions,andethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithgeneticvariationandtesting.Chapter13providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmutations,genetictestingtechnologies,andtheirimplicationsindiagnosing,preventing,a ndmanaginggeneticdisorders.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofmoleculargeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintopersonalizedmedicine,geneticcounseling,andethicalissuesingeneticscove redinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter13,feelfreetoask!Chapter14Chapter14of"Essentia lsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"DarwinandEvolution,"typicallyexplorestheprinciplesofevolution,itsmechanisms,andthecontributionsofCharlesDarwintoevolutionarytheory.Here’sano verviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEvolution**:Definitionofevolutionastheprocessofchangeovertimeinpopulationsoforganisms,leadingtothediversityoflifeonEarth.**Darwin'sContributions** :OverviewofCharlesDarwin'sobservationsandinsightsthatledtothedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection:**VoyageoftheBeagle**:Darwin'stravelsandobservationsofbiodiversityandgeologicalfor mations.**NaturalSelection**:MechanismproposedbyDarwintoexplainhowevolutionoccursthroughdifferentialsurvivalandreproductionoforganismswithadvantageoustraits.**EvidenceforEvolution**:Examinatio nofvariouslinesofevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution:**FossilRecord**:Transitionalformsandpatternsofspecieschangeovertime.**Biogeography**:Distributionofspeciesandsimilaritiesamongorganismsond ifferentcontinents.**ComparativeAnatomy**:Homologousstructuresandvestigialorgansamongdifferentspecies.**MolecularBiology**:SimilaritiesinDNA,RNA,andproteinsequencesamongorganismsindicatingco mmonancestry.**MechanismsofEvolution**:Explorationofprocessesthatdriveevolutionarychange:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantageoustraits.**GeneticDrift**: Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:Sourceofnewgeneticvariation.**ModernSynthesisofEvolutionaryTh eory**:IntegrationofDarwinianevolutionwithgenetics(populationgenetics),explaininghowgeneticvariationandnaturalselectionshapeevolutionarypatterns.**PatternsandRatesofEvolution**:Examinationofevolutio narypatterns,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofformsinresponsetodifferentenvironmentalniches.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartr aitsindifferentlineages.**PunctuatedEquilibrium**:Periodsofrapidevolutionarychangefollowedbylongperiodsofstability.**HumanEvolution**:Overviewofhumanevolution,includingfossilevidence(e.g.,Australopit hecus,Homospecies)andgeneticstudiesrevealingrelationshipsamongmodernhumanpopulations.**EvolutionaryMechanismsandAdaptation**:Discussiononhowevolutionarymechanisms(naturalselection,genet icdrift)contributetoadaptationoforganismstotheirenvironments.**EvolutionandSpeciation**:Explanationofspeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingallopatric,sympatric,andparapatricspeciatio n.**EmergingTopicsinEvolutionaryBiology**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinevolutionarybiology,suchasevolutionarydevelopmentalbiology(evodevo),molecularevolution,andthestudyofevolutionaryprocessesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDarwinandevo lution,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciples,mechanisms,andevidencesupportingevolutionarytheory.Chapter14providesacomprehensiveexplorationofevolutionarytheory,Darwin'scontributions,andthemech anismsthatdriveevolutionarychange.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofgeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintoecology,biodiversity,andevolutionarybiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersoft hetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter14,feelfreetoask!Chapter15:EvolutiononaSmallScaleChapter15of"Essentialso fBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaSmallScale,"typicallyfocusesonevolutionaryprocessesthatoccurwithinpopulationsandspecies.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthis chapter:**IntroductiontoMicroevolution**:Definitionofmicroevolutionasevolutionarychangeoccurringwithinpopulationsoverrelativelyshortperiodsoftime.**PopulationGenetics**:Overviewofpopulationgenetics,w hichstudiesthedistributionandchangeofallelefrequenciesinpopulations:**GenePool**:Totalcollectionofallelesinapopulation.**Hardy-WeinbergPrinciple**:Mathematicalmodeldescribingallelefrequenciesinanonevolvingpopulation.**FactorsInfluencingMicroevolution**:Discussiononthemechanismsthatdrivemicroevolutionarychanges:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantage oustraits.**GeneticDrift**:Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesduetochanceevents,morepronouncedinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:So urceofnewgeneticvariation.**TypesofNaturalSelection**:Explorationofdifferenttypesofnaturalselection:**StabilizingSelection**:Selectionagainstextremes,favoringintermediatephenotypes.**DirectionalSelectio n**:Shifttowardoneextremephenotypeinresponsetoenvironmentalchange.**DisruptiveSelection**:Selectionfavoringbothextremes,leadingtopolymorphism.**AdaptationandFitness**:Definitionofadaptationasthe processbywhichpopulationsbecomebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.Measurementoffitnessastherelativereproductivesuccessofindividualswithaparticulargenotype.**GeneticVariation andPolymorphism**:Explanationofgeneticvariationwithinpopulations,including:**PolygenicTraits**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**QuantitativeGenetics**:Studyofcomplextraitsinfluencedbymultiplegenesa ndenvironmentalfactors.**SpeciationandReproductiveIsolation**:Introductiontospeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingmechanismsofreproductiveisolation:**PrezygoticBarriers**:Prevent matingorfertilizationbetweenspecies.**PostzygoticBarriers**:Reduceviabilityorfertilityofhybridoffspring.**PatternsofMicroevolution**:Examinationofevolutionarypatternsobservedinnaturalpopulations,including: **SelectivePressures**:Environmentalfactorsinfluencingadaptation.**PopulationBottlenecks**:Reductioninpopulationsizeleadingtogeneticdrift.**FounderEffect**:Geneticdriftinsmallfoundingpopulations.**Hu manImpactonMicroevolution**:Discussiononhowhumanactivities(e.g.,habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange)caninfluencemicroevolutionaryprocessesinnaturalpopulations.**EmergingTopicsinMicroevolu tion**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmicroevolutionarystudies,suchasevolutionaryresponsestorapidenvironmentalchangesandtheroleofepigeneticsinevolution.**SummaryandKeyCo ncepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomicroevolution,reinforcingunderstandingofthemechanismsandpatternsofevolutionarychangewithinpopulations.Chapter15providesacompr ehensiveexplorationofmicroevolutionaryprocesses,includingnaturalselection,geneticdrift,geneflow,andtheirrolesinshapinggeneticdiversityandadaptationwithinpopulations.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledge ofgeneticsandevolutionarytheory,preparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomacroevolution,ecologicalgenetics,andconservationbiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestio nsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter15,feelfreetoask!Chapter16:EvolutiononaLargeScaleChapter16of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichael Windelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaLargeScale,"typicallyexploresevolutionaryprocessesthatoccuroverlongertimescalesandacrosslargertaxonomicgroups.Here’sanovervi ewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**I ntroductiontoMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolutionasevolutionarypatternsandprocessesthatoccurabovethespecieslevel,leadingtothediversificationoflifeformsovergeologictimescales.**Speciation**:Det ailedexplorationofspeciation,theprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise:**AllopatricSpeciation**:Geographicisolationleadingtoreproductiveisolation.**SympatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringwithinthesamegeog raphicareaduetofactorslikepolyploidyorhabitatdifferentiation.**ParapatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringinadjacentbutdifferenthabitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajorpatternsandtrendso bservedinthefossilrecordandbiologicaldiversity:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofecologicalniches.**ExtinctionEvents**:Massextinctionsandtheirimpactonbiodiversit y.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartraitsinunrelatedlineages.**EvolutionaryTrends**:Analysisofevolutionarytrendsobservedinvarioustaxonomicgroups:**Coevolution**:Reciprocalevoluti onarychangesbetweeninteractingspecies(e.g.,predator-prey,host-parasite).**EvolutionaryDevelopmentalBiology(Evodevo)**:Studyofhowchangesindevelopmentalprocessescontributetoevolutionarychange.**EvolutionofComplexity**:Emergenceofcomplextraitsandbiologicalstructuresoverevolutionarytime.**Biogeography**:E xplorationofthedistributionofspeciesandhowhistoricalandecologicalfactorsinfluencepatternsofbiodiversity:**ContinentalDrift**:Movementofcontinentsanditsimpactonbiogeographicpatterns.**IslandBiogeograp hy**:Patternsofspeciesdiversityonislandsinfluencedbycolonizationandextinction.**EvolutionaryEcology**:Integrationofevolutionarybiologywithecologicalprinciples,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Ecologicalop portunitiesdrivingspeciation.**SpeciesInteractions**:Coevolutionaryrelationshipsandtheirecologicalandevolutionaryconsequences.**EvolutionaryDevelopment**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation

Page 418

occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, hostparasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation scienc

2

11. A car braked with a constant deceleration of 40 ft/sec , producing skid marks measuring 65 ft before coming

to a stop. How fast was the car traveling when the brakes were first applied?

ANSWER: 72.11 mi/h POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.76 SCalc7e 3.9.68 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM Page 419

DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:59 PM

12. What constant acceleration is required to increase the speed of a car from 20 mi/h to 45 mi/h in 5 s?

2 ANSWER: 7.33 ft/s POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.75 SCalc7e 3.9.67 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 13. Find f.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.45 SCalc7e 3.9.20 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.04 - Find specific antiderivatives of functions, given initial conditions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:32 AM 14. A company estimates that the marginal cost (in dollars per item) of producing items is

. If the

cost of producing one item is $600 find the cost of producing 200 items.

ANSWER:

$971.93

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.71 SCalc7e 3.9.63 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 Page 420

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 1:59 PM 2/5/2020 5:33 AM

15. A particle moves along a straight line with velocity function

displacement is

and its initial

. Find its position function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.66 SCalc7e 3.9.51 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 8:13 AM 16. Find the position function of a particle moving along a coordinate line that satisfies the given condition.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.64 SCalc7e 3.9.56 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 8:22 AM 17. Find the position function of a particle moving along a coordinate line that satisfies the given conditions.

ANSWER: POINTS:

1 Page 421

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.62 SCalc7e 3.9.54 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 5:43 AM 18. A ballast is dropped from a stationary hot-air balloon that is at an altitude of 576 ft. Find (a) an expression

for the altitude of the ballast after t seconds, (b) the time when it strikes the ground, and (c) its velocity when it 2 strikes the ground. (Disregard air resistance and take ft/sec .)

ANSWER:

2

a. –16t + 576 b. 6 sec c. –192 ft/sec

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.65 SCalc7e 3.9.57 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 12:05 AM 19. To what constant deceleration would a car moving along a straight road be subjected if the car were brought

to rest from a speed of 92 ft/sec in 9 sec? What would the stopping distance be?

ANSWER:

2

ft/sec , 414 ft

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.75 SCalc7e 3.9.66 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

Page 422

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 7/20/2015 1:59 PM 2/5/2020 6:11 AM

20. A body moves along a coordinate line in such a way that its velocity at any time t, where 0≤ t ≤ 8, is given

by .

Find its position function if it is initially located at the origin.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.9.60 SCalc7e 3.9.52 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.9 SCalc7e Section 3.9 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 6:11 AM 21. The average cost of producing x units of a commodity is given by the equation

.

Find the marginal cost at a production level of 1,255 units.

ANSWER: 18.64 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 4.7.57b SCalc7e 3.7.57b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 4.7 SCalc7e Section 3.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:59 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 6:13 AM 22. The graph of

is shown in the figure. Sketch the graph of f if f is continuous on [0, 3] and

.

Page 423

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.01.05 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using antiderivatives and indefinite integrals.

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 8:37 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/8/2021 3:56 AM

1. Estimate to the hundredth the area from 1 to 5 under the graph of

using four approximating

rectangles and right endpoints. a. 3.57 b. 0.57 c. 1.57 Page 424

d. 2.57 e. 5.57 f. 4.57 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.4a SCalc7e 4.1.6b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 4:43 AM

2. Determine a region whose area is equal to

.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.23 SCalc7e 4.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.04 - Find the area of a region in the plane using limits.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 4:51 AM 2

3. Estimate the area from 0 to 5 under the graph of f(x) = 64 - x using five approximating rectangles and right

endpoints.

Page 425

a. 266 b. 263 c. 265 d. 264 e. 267 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.5a SCalc7e 4.1.5a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM 4. Approximate the area under the curve y = sin x from 0 to

using 7 approximating rectangles of equal

widths and right endpoints. The choices are rounded to the nearest hundredth. a. 3.11 b. 1.11 c. 4.11 d. 0.11 e. 2.11 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.3a SCalc7e 4.1.3a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 4:53 AM 5. Find the area of the region under the graph of f on [a, b].

2

f(x) = x - 2x + 4; [-1, 2] Page 426

a. –3 b. –12 c. 12 d. 3 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.5a SCalc7e 4.1.5a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM 6. The speed of a runner increased steadily during the first three seconds of a race. Her speed at half-second

intervals is given in the table. Find a lower estimate for the distance that she traveled during these three seconds. t(s) (ft/s) ANSWER:

0 0

0.5 2.6 17.65

1.0 5.6

1.5 6.2

2.0 8.4

2.5 12.5

3.0 16.4

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.13 SCalc7e 4.1.13 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.02 - Describe the upper and lower sums for a region.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM 7. By reading values from the given graph of f, use five rectangles to find a lower estimate, to the nearest whole

number, for the area from 0 to 10 under the given graph of f.

Page 427

ANSWER:

21

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.1a SCalc7e 4.1.1a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.02 - Describe the upper and lower sums for a region.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 12:18 AM

8. Approximate the area under the curve

from 1 to 2 using ten approximating rectangles of equal

widths and right endpoints. Round the answer to the nearest hundredth.

ANSWER:

2.78

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.4a SCalc7e 4.1.4a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 4:58 AM 9. The velocity graph of a braking car is shown. Use it to estimate to the nearest foot the distance traveled by the

car while the brakes are applied. Use a left sum with n = 7.

Page 428

ANSWER:

19

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.17 SCalc7e 4.1.17 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.02 - Describe the upper and lower sums for a region.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 12:19 AM 10. The velocity graph of a car accelerating from rest to a speed of 7 km/h over a period of 10 seconds is shown.

Estimate to the nearest integer the distance traveled during this period. Use a right sum with n = 10.

ANSWER:

42

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

1 Medium SCalcET7 5.1.18 SCalc7e 4.1.18 Numeric Response False Page 429

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.02 - Describe the upper and lower sums for a region.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 12:19 AM 11. Find an expression for the area under the graph of f as a limit. Do not evaluate the limit.

, 0≤x≤π ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.21 SCalc7e 4.1.21 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.04 - Find the area of a region in the plane using limits.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 7:33 AM 12. Use the definition of area to find the area of the region under the graph of f on [a, b] using the indicated

choice of ck.

2

f(x) = x , [0, 2], ck is the left endpoint ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.5b SCalc7e 4.1.5b QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 10:52 AM Page 430

13. Use the definition of area to find the area of the region under the graph of f on [a, b] using the indicated

choice of ck.

2

f(x) = x + 6x + 2, [-1, 1], ck is the right endpoint ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.1.6b SCalc7e 4.1.6b QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.1 SCalc7e Section 4.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 6:32 AM 14. In someone infected with measles, the virus level N (measured in number of infected cells per mL of blood

plasma) reaches a peak density at about days (when a rash appears) and then decreases fairly rapidly as a result of immune response. The area under the graph of from to (as shown in the figure) is equal to the total amount of infection needed to develop symptoms (measured in density of infected cells time). The function has been modeled by the function . Use this model with eight subintervals and their left endpoints to estimate the total amount of infection needed to develop symptoms of measles.

Page 431

a. 5866 b. 8799 c. 2933 d. 26398 e. 6866 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 9:30 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 12:21 AM 15. Find a simplified expression for the area under the graph of f as a limit. Do not evaluate the limit.

a.

b.

Page 432

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.04 - Find the area of a region in the plane using limits.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 8:51 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 7:24 AM 16. Find the area of the region that lies under the given curve.

ANSWER:

1

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.21 SCalc7e 4.2.21 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.04 - Find the area of a region in the plane using limits.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 3:25 AM 17. Estimate the area from 0 to 5 under the graph of

using five approximating rectangles and right

endpoints. a. 65 b. 60 c. 170 d. 270 e. 70 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

e 1 Medium SCalcET7 5.4.49 SCalc7e 4.2.2 Page 433

QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 3:53 AM 2

1. Evaluate the Riemann sum for f(r) = 5 – r , 0 ≤ r ≤ 2 with four sub-intervals, taking the sample points to be

right endpoints. a. 8.75 b. 7.75 c. 6.25 d. 8.25 e. 7.25 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.2 SCalc7e 4.2.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.03 - Define Riemann Sum. OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM

2. If

and

, find

.

a. 4 b. –14 c. 18 d. 10 e. 14 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

d 1 Medium SCalcET7 5.2.48 SCalc7e 4.2.48 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 434

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 11:40 PM 3. Evaluate the integral.

Round your answer to the nearest hundredth. a. 183.5 b. 83.5 c. 33.5 d. 203.5 e. 35.5 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.40 SCalc7e 4.2.40 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 11:38 PM 4. Use the Midpoint Rule with n = 5 to approximate the integral.

Round your answer to three decimal places. a. 23.346 b. 25.146 c. 23.846 d. 18.846 e. 24.346 Page 435

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.9 SCalc7e 4.2.9 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.02 - Approximate definite integrals using the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 11:39 PM 5. Use the Midpoint Rule with n = 10 to approximate the integral.

a. 10.510716 b. 2.510716 c. 12.510716 d. 1.510716 e. 7.510716 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.2.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.02 - Approximate definite integrals using the Midpoint Rule.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 11:43 PM 6. Use the given graph of f to find the Riemann sum with six sub-intervals. Take the sample points to be left

endpoints.

Page 436

a. 8 b. 6 c. 4 d. 3.5 e. 4.5 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.1 SCalc7e 4.2.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.03 - Define Riemann Sum. OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 12:27 AM

7. Use

to evaluate the integral.

a. b. 50 c. 52 d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

a 1 Medium Page 437

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.23 SCalc7e 4.2.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 9:48 AM 8. The given expression is the limit of a Riemann sum of a function f on [a, b]. Write this expression as a

definite integral on [a, b].

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.20 SCalc7e 4.2.20 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.03 - Define Riemann Sum. OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 2:41 AM 9. Use the graph of f shown in the figure to evaluate the integral by interpreting it geometrically.

Page 438

a. 1 b. 2 c. –1 d. –2 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.6 SCalc7e 4.2.6 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 12:27 AM 10. Evaluate the limit by interpreting it as the limit of a Riemann sum of a function on the interval [a, b].

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS:

b 1 Page 439

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.71 SCalc7e 4.2.71 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.03 - Define Riemann Sum. OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 2:46 AM 11. Evaluate the integral by interpreting it in terms of areas.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.38 SCalc7e 4.2.38 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 2:01 AM

12. Given that

, evaluate the following integral.

Page 440

a. –18 b. 18 c. –6 d. 6 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.49 SCalc7e 4.2.49 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 2:09 AM

13. Use the following property of the definite integral to estimate the definite integral

:

If m ≤ f(x) ≤ M on [a, b], then a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.61 SCalc7e 4.2.61 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM Page 441

DATE MODIFIED:

2/24/2020 4:09 AM

14. If

, find the Riemann sum with n = 5 correct to 3 decimal places, taking the sample

points to be midpoints.

ANSWER:

–10.857

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.2.3 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.03 - Define Riemann Sum. KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 2:30 AM

15. Evaluate

by interpreting it in terms of areas.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.38 SCalc7e 4.2.38 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 3:02 AM 16. A table of values of an increasing function f(x) is shown. Use the table to find an upper estimate of:

Page 442

x 0 5 10 15 20 25

f(x) –42 –39 –20 7 17 24

ANSWER:

–265

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.7 SCalc7e 4.2.7 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 2:46 AM 17. Express the limit as a definite integral on the given interval.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.18 SCalc7e 4.2.18 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.05 - Define definite integral.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 3:18 AM 18. Find an expression for the area under the graph of f as a limit. Do not evaluate the limit.

Page 443

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.29 SCalc7e 4.2.29 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.05 - Define definite integral.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 3:08 AM 19. Express the integral as a limit of sums. Then evaluate the limit.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.31 SCalc7e 4.2.31 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 3:27 AM

20. Given that

, find

.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.49 SCalc7e 4.2.49 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite Page 444

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

integrals.

Numerical Response SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 7/20/2015 2:00 PM 2/5/2020 3:32 AM

21. Express the sum as a single integral in the form

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.47 SCalc7e 4.2.47 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 3:36 AM 22. Find an expression for the area under the graph of f as a limit. Do not evaluate the limit.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.31 SCalc7e 4.2.31 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.05 - Define definite integral.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM Page 445

DATE MODIFIED:

2/13/2020 3:50 AM

23. The table gives the values of a function obtained from an experiment. Use the values to estimate

using three equal sub-intervals with left endpoints. w f (w)

0 9.7

ANSWER:

1 9.1

2 7.7

3 6.1

4 4.2

5 –6.6

6 –10.3

43.2

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.8b SCalc7e 4.2.8b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 3:43 AM 24. Use the Midpoint Rule with n = 6 to approximate the integral. Round the answer to 3 decimal places.

ANSWER:

12.232

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.9 SCalc7e 4.2.9 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.02 - Approximate definite integrals using the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 3:45 AM 25. Evaluate by interpreting it in terms of areas.

ANSWER:

50π

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Medium SCalcET7 5.2.35 SCalc7e 4.2.35 Page 446

QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 3:47 AM 26. Evaluate by interpreting it in terms of areas.

ANSWER:

4

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.36 SCalc7e 4.2.36 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 3:49 AM 27. Find the limit.

ANSWER:

3

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.72 SCalc7e 4.2.72 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 10:09 AM 28. The graph of a function f on the interval [0, 8] is shown in the figure. Compute the Riemann sum for f on [0, Page 447

8] using four subintervals of equal length and choosing the evaluation points to be (a) the left endpoints, (b) the right endpoints, and (c) the midpoints of the subintervals.

ANSWER:

a. 24 b. 14 c. 14

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.5 SCalc7e 4.2.5 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.03 - Define Riemann Sum. OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 12:28 AM 29. You are given function f defined on an interval [a, b], the number n of sub-intervals of equal length

, and the evaluation points ck in [xk-1, xk]. (a) Sketch the graph of f and the rectangles associated with the Riemann sum for f on [a, b], and (b) find the Riemann sum.

ANSWER:

, ck is the right endpoint a.

Page 448

b. –0.5

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.2.1 SCalc7e 4.2.1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.03 - Define Riemann Sum. OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.2 SCalc7e Section 4.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:00 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 3:54 AM

30. Evaluate ANSWER:

.

5

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.2.63 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.2 Page 449

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:00 PM 2/5/2020 4:01 AM

31. Evaluate the integral if it exists.

a. b. 0 c. d. e. none of these ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.66 SCalc7e 4.5.38 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 4:45 AM 32. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

10.000

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.32 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:19 AM

Page 450

1. Evaluate

a.

b. c. d. e. x ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.11 SCalc7e 4.3.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 5:18 AM 2. Evaluate the integral.

a. 1.507 b. 0.707 c. 1.707 d. 1.207 e. –0.293 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.25 SCalc7e 4.3.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 451

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

3. If

SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 7/20/2015 2:01 PM 2/5/2020 4:36 AM

where

find

.

a. b. c. d.

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.62 SCalc7e 4.3.56 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 4:52 AM 4. Find the area of the region that lies beneath the given curve.

a. 1.500 b. 1.450 c. –0.500 d. – 1.500 e. 0.500 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

e 1 Medium SCalcET7 5.3.51 SCalc7e 4.3.45 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) False Page 452

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 5:41 AM 5. Use Part 1 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to find the derivative of the function.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e. none of these ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.14 SCalc7e 4.3.14 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 10:16 AM 6. Use the following property of the definite integral to estimate the definite integral

: If

on [a, b], then a.

Page 453

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.54 SCalc7e 4.3.48 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 10:19 AM 7. Find the derivative of the function.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.7 SCalc7e 4.3.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 5:16 AM Page 454

8. Evaluate the integral.

a. –12 b. –9 c. 8 d. 12 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.23 SCalc7e 4.3.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:17 AM 9. Evaluate the integral.

a. 0.201 b. 0.111 c. 0.321 d. 0.987 e. 0.568 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.75 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM Page 455

DATE MODIFIED:

2/7/2020 10:24 AM

10. Find the derivative of the function

.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.13 SCalc7e 4.3.13 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 10:26 AM

11. Evaluate the integral

.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.35 SCalc7e 4.3.35 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:33 AM Page 456

12. Use Part 1 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.13 SCalc7e 4.3.13 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 5:01 AM 13. Use Part 1 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.14 SCalc7e 4.3.14 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:44 AM 14. Find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER:

Page 457

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.10 SCalc7e 4.3.10 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:48 AM 15. Find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 5.3.57 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 6:51 AM 16. Find the derivative of the function.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.51 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 4.3 Page 458

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:01 PM 2/4/2020 7:23 AM

17. Find the interval on which the curve

is concave downward.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.61 SCalc7e 4.3.53 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:25 AM

18. Find a function f (x) such that

for and some number a.

ANSWER:

; for a =

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.77 SCalc7e 4.3.69 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 4:04 AM 19. Find g'(x) by evaluating the integral using Part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem and then differentiating.

ANSWER: POINTS:

1 Page 459

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.6b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:35 AM 20. Let

.

a. Use Part 1 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to find F'(x). b. Use Part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to integrate

to obtain an alternative expression

for F(x). c. Differentiate the expression for F(x) found in part (b).

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 1 If f is continuous on [a, b], then the function F defined by

is differentiable on (a, b), and

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 2 If f is continuous on [a, b], then

where F is any antiderivative of f, that is,

ANSWER:

.

a. b. c.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.3.8 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using the Fundamental Page 460

KEYWORDS: OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Theorem of Calculus.

7e Numerical Response Section 4.3 7/20/2015 2:01 PM 2/13/2020 5:08 AM

21. Evaluate the limit after first finding the sum (as a function of n) using the summation formulas.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.69 SCalc7e 4.3.61 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.02 - Explain the relationship between Riemann Sums and definite integrals.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 5:15 AM 22. Determine

by first evaluating the integral using Part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and then taking the derivative.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.03 - Explain the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 9:32 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/8/2021 4:05 AM

1. Find the general indefinite integral.

Page 461

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.18 SCalc7e 4.4.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.01 - Evaluate indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 3:02 AM 2. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

e 1 Medium 5.4.41 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) True Page 462

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 7:08 AM 3. An animal population is increasing at a rate of 15 + 51t per year (where t is measured in years). By how much

does the animal population increase between the fourth and tenth years? a. 2,232 b. 2,252 c. 2,282 d. 2,332 e. 2,242 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.64 SCalc7e 4.4.60 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.09 - Find integrals of rates of change using the Net Change Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM 4. Evaluate the integral.

a. –330 b. –320 c. –360 d. –380 e. –340 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

c 1 Medium SCalcET7 5.4.24 SCalc7e 4.4.22 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 463

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 6:48 AM 5. The marginal cost of manufacturing x yards of a certain fabric is

in dollars per yard. Find the increase in cost if the production level is raised from 2,500 yards to 6,500 yards. a. $340,000.00 b. $350,000.00 c. $330,000.00 d. $370,000.00 e. $360,000.00 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 5.4.67 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.09 - Find integrals of rates of change using the Net Change Theorem.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 6:49 AM 2

6. The acceleration function (in m/s ) and the initial velocity are given for a particle moving along a line. Find

the velocity at time t and the distance traveled during the given time interval.

a.

b.

Page 464

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.61 SCalc7e 4.4.57 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.10 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 4:29 AM 7. Evaluate the integral.

a. 24.4 b. 29.4 c. 44.4 d. 34.4 e. 39.4 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.39 SCalc7e 4.4.35 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM Page 465

DATE MODIFIED:

2/18/2020 2:46 AM

8. The velocity function (in meters per second) is given for a particle moving along a line. Find the distance

traveled by the particle during the given time interval.

a. 175 m b. 10 m c. 55 m d. 50 m e. 75 m ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.59 SCalc7e 4.4.55 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.09 - Find integrals of rates of change using the Net Change Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 7:01 AM 9. The velocity of a car was read from its speedometer at ten-second intervals and recorded in the table. Use the

Midpoint Rule to estimate the distance traveled by the car. t(s) 0 10 20 30 40 50

v(mi/h) 0 33 50 46 39 42 a. 1.3 miles b. 2.0 miles c. 0.9 miles d. 2.6 miles e. 0.7 miles

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

t(s) 60 70 80 90 100

v(mi/h) 56 66 78 49 50

a 1 Medium SCalcET7 5.4.65 SCalc7e 4.4.61 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 466

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.02 - Approximate definite integrals using the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM 10. Evaluate the integral if it exists.

a. b.

c. d.

e. none of these ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.12 SCalc7e 4.4.12 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.01 - Evaluate indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 7:05 AM 11. The area of the region that lies to the right of the y-axis and to the left of the parabola

region in the figure) is given by the integral

(the shaded

.

Find the area.

Page 467

a. b. 32 c. 37 d. e. 20 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.49 SCalc7e 4.4.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.10 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 1:43 AM 12. If

is a child's rate of growth in pounds per year, which of the following expressions represents the increase in the child's weight (in pounds) between the years ? a.

b.

Page 468

c.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.51 SCalc7e 4.4.47 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.09 - Find integrals of rates of change using the Net Change Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 2:58 AM 13. Evaluate the integral.

a. –0.500 b. –1.000 c. –0.309 d. 0.250 e. 1.000 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.36 SCalc7e 4.4.32 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 7:19 AM 14. Alabama Instruments Company has set up a production line to manufacture a new calculator. The rate of

production of these calculators after t weeks is

Page 469

calculators per week. Production approaches 5,700 per week as time goes on, but the initial production is lower because of the workers' unfamiliarity with the new techniques. Find the number of calculators produced from the beginning of the third week to the end of the fourth week.

Round the answer to the nearest integer. a. 8032 b. 7732 c. 8332 d. 8232 e. 8132 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.64 SCalc7e 4.4.60 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.09 - Find integrals of rates of change using the Net Change Theorem.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 7:21 AM 15. Evaluate the integral.

The choices are rounded to the nearest hundredth. a. 109.00 b. 40 c. 102.33 d. 123.67 e. 209.00 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.44 SCalc7e 4.4.40 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 470

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 7/20/2015 2:01 PM 2/6/2020 3:43 AM

16. Find the indefinite integral.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.7 SCalc7e 4.4.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.01 - Evaluate indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 3:48 AM 17. Find the indefinite integral.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

a 1 Medium Page 471

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.8 SCalc7e 4.4.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.01 - Evaluate indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/21/2020 1:56 AM 18. Find the area of the region under the graph of f on [a, b].

a. 3 b. –15 c. 15 d. –3 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.49 SCalc7e 4.4.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:23 PM 19. Evaluate the definite integral.

a. 0 b. 3.25 c. d. 0.35 e. 2.891 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

a 1 Medium SCalcET7 5.4.46 SCalc7e 4.4.42 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 472

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:25 PM 20. Find the indefinite integral.

a. 2x + C b. –cosx + C c. 2cosx + C d. 2sinx + C ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.18 SCalc7e 4.4.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.01 - Evaluate indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 4:05 AM 21. An animal population is increasing at a rate of

per year (where t is measured in years). By how much does the animal population increase between the fourth and tenth years?

ANSWER: 1704 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.64 SCalc7e 4.4.60 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.09 - Find integrals of rates of change using the Net Change Theorem.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 12:06 AM Page 473

22. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.37 SCalc7e 4.4.33 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 3:57 AM 23. Evaluate the indefinite integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.10 SCalc7e 4.4.10 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.01 - Evaluate indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 12:12 AM 24. Find the general indefinite integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS:

1 Page 474

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.18 SCalc7e 4.4.16 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.04.01 - Evaluate indefinite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 12:14 AM 25. Find the area of the region that lies to the right of the y-axis and to the left of the parabola ANSWER:

.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.49 SCalc7e 4.4.45 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 12:23 AM 26. The acceleration function of a body moving along a coordinate line is

.

Find its velocity and position functions at any time t if it is located at the origin and has an initial velocity of 6 m/sec.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.61 SCalc7e 4.4.57 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.09 - Find integrals of rates of change using the Net Change Theorem.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 12:28 AM Page 475

1. Evaluate the indefinite integral.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.5 SCalc7e 4.5.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 4:17 AM 2. Evaluate the indefinite integral.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

b 1 Medium SCalcET7 5.5.28 SCalc7e 4.5.72 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 476

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 4:22 AM 3. Evaluate the integral by making the given substitution.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.3 SCalc7e 4.5.3 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 4:28 AM 4. Evaluate the indefinite integral.

a. b.

Page 477

c. d. e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 5.5.36 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 4:32 AM 5. Evaluate the indefinite integral.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.19 SCalc7e 4.5.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM Page 478

DATE MODIFIED:

2/6/2020 4:39 AM

6. Find the area of the region that lies under the given curve. Round the answer to three decimal places.

a. 1.978 b. 2.478 c. 2.278 d. 2.028 e. 2.128 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.75 SCalc7e 4.5.53 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 4:41 AM 7. Evaluate the definite integral.

a. -2 b. 3 c. 0 d. 1 e. -0.5 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.5.46 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.04 - Find definite and indefinite integrals using the properties of even and odd functions.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.5 Page 479

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:02 PM 2/6/2020 4:47 AM

8. Evaluate the indefinite integral.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.24 SCalc7e 4.5.20 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 5:11 AM 9. Find the integral using the indicated substitution.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS:

a 1 Page 480

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.2 SCalc7e 4.5.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 5:23 AM 10. Find the integral using the indicated substitution.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.23 SCalc7e 4.5.17 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 5:28 AM 11. Find the indefinite integral.

a. b.

Page 481

c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.47 SCalc7e 4.5.29 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 5:38 AM 12. Find the indefinite integral.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.27 SCalc7e 4.5.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 5:43 AM 13. Find the indefinite integral.

Page 482

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.46 SCalc7e 4.5.28 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:24 AM 14. Find the indefinite integral.

a. b.

c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.5.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

KEYWORDS: 7e Page 483

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal Section 4.5 7/20/2015 2:02 PM 2/6/2020 5:51 AM

15. Evaluate the integral.

a. b.

c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.62 SCalc7e 4.5.42 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 5:55 AM 16. Evaluate the integral by making the given substitution.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

a 1 Medium Page 484

REFERENCES: 4.5.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:03 AM 17. Find the integral.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.42 SCalc7e 4.5.18 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:31 AM 18. Find the integral.

a. b.

Page 485

c. d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.42 SCalc7e 4.5.18 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:06 AM 19. Find the integral.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.50 SCalc7e 4.5.32 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 6:18 AM 20. Find the integral.

Page 486

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.50 SCalc7e 4.5.32 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 6:38 AM

21. Evaluate the integral

.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.32 SCalc7e 4.5.73 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 Page 487

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

22. Evaluate the integral

7/20/2015 2:02 PM 2/6/2020 6:27 AM

.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.23 SCalc7e 4.5.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:09 AM 23. Evaluate the definite integral. Round your answer to two decimal places.

a. 1.25 b. 3.25 c. 0.25 d. 2.25 e. 1.05 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.31 SCalc7e 4.5.35 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 488

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 7/20/2015 2:02 PM 2/6/2020 6:43 AM

24. Evaluate the definite integral.

ANSWER:

0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.34 SCalc7e 4.5.46 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.04 - Find definite and indefinite integrals using the properties of even and odd functions.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:38 AM 25. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.36 SCalc7e 4.5.71 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 6:48 AM 26. Evaluate the definite integral.

ANSWER:

2

POINTS:

1 Page 489

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.69 SCalc7e 4.5.81 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:42 AM 27. Evaluate the integral by making the given substitution.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.5.1 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 6:54 AM 28. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

26.25

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: ScalcET7 5.5.61 SCalc7e 4.5.41 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: ScalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 6:56 AM 29. Evaluate the indefinite integral.

Page 490

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.47 SCalc7e 4.5.29 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:11 AM 30. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.27 SCalc7e 4.5.19 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 7:01 AM 31. Evaluate the indefinite integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Medium SCalcET7 5.5.23 SCalc7e 4.5.17 Page 491

QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 7:04 AM 32. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.66 SCalc7e 4.5.8 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 7:06 AM 33. Find the indefinite integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.12 SCalc7e 4.5.12 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:13 AM 34. Find the indefinite integral.

Page 492

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.48 SCalc7e 4.5.30 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 10:16 AM 35. Show that ANSWER:

by interpreting the definite integral geometrically.

A sketch of the area between the curve and the x-axis, shows that the area below the x-axis is equal to the area above the x-axis.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.5.53 SCalc7e 4.5.35 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.04 - Find definite and indefinite integrals using the properties of even and odd functions.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.5 SCalc7e Section 4.5 Page 493

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:02 PM 2/12/2020 1:49 AM

36. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.3.25 SCalc7e 4.3.25 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.3 SCalc7e Section 4.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 7:14 AM 37. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 4.5.80 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 4.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 7:17 AM 38. Find the given integral.

Page 494

a. –sinh (2x + 3)+ C b. 2sinh (2x + 3) + C c. sinh (2x + 3)+ C d.

sinh (2x + 3) + C ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.7.62 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 1:55 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2020 1:02 AM 39. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.26 SCalc7e 4.4.26 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM Page 495

DATE MODIFIED:

2/6/2020 12:05 AM

40. Evaluate the integral if it exists.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.16 SCalc7e 4.4.14 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 12:08 AM 41. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.37 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.01 - Find indefinite integrals of the form int(f(g(x))g'(x)dx) using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 11:54 PM

1. Find the area of the region bounded by the given curves.

a. 243 Page 496

b. c. d. e. 2 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.13 SCalc7e 5.1.13 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 2:52 AM 2

2. Sketch the region enclosed by the curves y = x + 2, y = 4 – x , x = – 2, and x = 2. Find the area of the region

correct to two decimal places. a. 6.33 b. 16.33 c. 4.33 d. 36.33 e. 46.33 f. 26.33 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.7 SCalc7e 5.1.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.05 - Find the area of the region between two curves using a graphing tool.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM 3. Find the area of the region bounded by the given curves.

Page 497

a. 1 b. c. d. 5 e. 10 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.23 SCalc7e 5.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 8:14 AM 4. Graph the region between the curves and use your calculator to compute the area correct to five decimal places.

a. 12.08127 b. 91.504 c. 3.141257 d. 3.66016 e. 18.3008 ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.1.38 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.05 - Find the area of the region between two curves using a graphing tool.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.1 Page 498

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:02 PM 2/5/2020 8:25 AM

5. Find the area of the region bounded by the given curves.

a. b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.19 SCalc7e 5.1.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 8:18 AM 2

6. Find the number b such that the line y = b divides the region bounded by the curves y = x and y = 8 into two

regions with equal area. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER:

d Page 499

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.51 SCalc7e 5.1.51 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 8:23 AM 7. Find the area of the shaded region. f(x) = x + 2 2 g(x) = –x – 2

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

a 1 Medium Page 500

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.1 SCalc7e 5.1.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 1:33 AM 8. Find the area of the shaded region.

a. 9 b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

d 1 Medium SCalcET7 6.1.2 SCalc7e 5.1.2 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) True Page 501

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/24/2020 8:08 AM 9. Sketch the region bounded by the graphs of the given equations and find the area of their region.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Page 502

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.9 SCalc7e 5.1.27 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.05 - Find the area of the region between two curves using a graphing tool.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:02 PM DATE MODIFIED: 3/3/2020 2:37 AM 10. Sketch the region bounded by the graphs of the given equations and find the area of their region.

a.

b.

–27

–54

Page 503

c.

d.

81 54 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.12 SCalc7e 5.1.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.05 - Find the area of the region between two curves using a graphing tool.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 12:59 AM 11. Sketch the region bounded by the graphs of the given equations and find the area of that region.

Page 504

a.

b.

π–2 c.

π+9 d.

2–π ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.16 SCalc7e 5.1.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.05 - Find the area of the region between two curves using a graphing tool.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 1:00 AM

Page 505

12. Use integration to find the area of the triangle with the given vertices.

(0, 0), (1, 9), (4, 3) a. b. 33 c. 36 d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.29 SCalc7e 5.1.29 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 7:19 AM

13. Sketch the region enclosed by

and y =

. Find the area of the region.

a. b.

c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.18 SCalc7e 5.1.18 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.05 - Find the area of the region between two curves using a graphing tool.

Page 506

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 7/20/2015 2:03 PM 2/7/2020 2:55 AM 2

14. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y = x , the tangent line to this parabola

at (1, 1), and the x axis. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.50 SCalc7e 5.1.50 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 8:44 AM 2

2

15. Sketch the region enclosed by x = 3 – y and x = y – 3. Find the area of the region.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.13 SCalc7e 5.1.13 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 Page 507

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:03 PM 3/3/2020 7:23 AM

16. Find the values of c such that the area of the region bounded by the parabolas

and

is 1944. ±9 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.53 SCalc7e 5.1.53 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 2:27 AM 17. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.14 SCalc7e 5.1.14 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 6:41 AM 18. Racing cars driven by Chris and Kelly are side by side at the start of a race. The table shows the velocities of

each car (in miles per hour) during the first ten seconds of the race. Use the Midpoint Rule to estimate how much farther Kelly travels than Chris does during the first ten seconds. t

Vc Vk 0 0 0 1 24 28 2 33 38 3 42 48 Page 508

4 53 60 5 63 69 6 72 83 7 76 83 8 85 97 9 89 93 10 90 102 ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.43 SCalc7e 5.1.43 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 3:47 AM 19. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves. y = cos7x, y = sin14x, x = 0, x = ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.16 SCalc7e 5.1.16 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 6:31 AM 20. Use the Midpoint Rule with n = 5 to approximate the area of the region bounded by the given curves.

Page 509

0.6392 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.23 SCalc7e 5.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.02.01 - Approximate the area under a curve using rectangles and the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 6:27 AM 21. Sketch the region bounded by the graphs of the given equations and find the area of that region. ,

,

,

ANSWER:

e-

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.1.5 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer Page 510

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 6.1 7/20/2015 2:03 PM 3/3/2020 1:39 AM

22. Sketch the region bounded by the graphs of the given equations and find the area of that region. y = sin2x, y = 3cosx, x =

,x=

ANSWER:

6

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.23 SCalc7e 5.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.05 - Find the area of the region between two curves using a graphing tool.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 3:47 AM 23. Sketch the region bounded by the graphs of the given equations and find the area of that region.

2

y = –x + 4, y = 3x + 2

Page 511

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.8 SCalc7e 5.1.8 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 3:59 AM 24. Use a graphing utility to (a) plot the graphs of the given functions and (b) find the x-coordinates of the points

of intersection of the curves. Then find an approximation of the area of the region bounded by the curves using the integration capabilities of the graphing utility. Round answers to two decimal places.

2

4

y = 3x , y = 5 – x ANSWER:

a.

Page 512

b. –1.09 and 1.09, 7.69

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.35 SCalc7e 5.1.35 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.05 - Find the area of the region between two curves using a graphing tool.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 3:57 AM 25. Find the area of the region bounded by the given curves (a) using integration with respect to x and (b) using

integration with respect to y.

3

y = 3x , y = 2x + 1, x = 0 ANSWER:

a.

b.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.07 SCalc7e 5.1.07 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

Page 513

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 7/20/2015 2:03 PM 2/7/2020 2:48 AM

26. Find the area of the region bounded by the graph of f (x) =

, the y-axis, and the tangent line to the graph

of f at

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.50 SCalc7e 5.1.50 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:03 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 3:49 AM 2

2

27. Sketch the region enclosed by x = 1 – y and x = y – 1. Find the area of the region.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.1.13 SCalc7e 5.1.13 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.1 SCalc7e Section 5.1 DATE CREATED: 3/3/2020 5:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 3/3/2020 5:45 AM 28. A cross-section of an airplane wing is shown. Measurements of the thickness of the wing, in centimeters, at

20-centimeter intervals are 6.2, 20.3, 26.2, 28.5, 27.6, 27.1, 23.6, 20.5, 15.2, 8.6, and 3.5. Use the Midpoint Rule to estimate the area of the wing’s cross-section.

Page 514

a. 4200 cm2 b. 2100 cm2 c. 4146 cm2 d. 3952 cm2 e. 3844 cm2 f. 4092 cm2 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving areas between curves.

DATE CREATED: 2/11/2021 5:48 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2021 9:37 AM 29. If the birth rate of a population is

people per year and the death rate is people per year find the area between these curves for . What does this area represent?

ANSWER: Area between the curves is 11320 and it represents the increase in population during 10 years.

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving areas between curves.

DATE CREATED: 2/11/2021 6:24 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2021 9:46 AM

1. True or False?

The volume of a solid torus (the donut-shaped solid shown in the figure) with r = 3 and R = 18 is 324π².

Page 515

a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.61 SCalc7e 5.2.61 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the disk method.

OTHER: True/False NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 11:51 PM CausesofMutations**:Overviewofspontaneousmutations(arisingfromerrorsinDNAreplicationorrepair)andinducedmutations(causedbymutagens).**ConsequencesofMutations**:Impactofmutationsonproteinstru ctureandfunction:**SilentMutations**:Nochangeinaminoacidsequence.**MissenseMutations**:Changeinoneaminoacid.**NonsenseMutations**:Prematureterminationofproteinsynthesis.**FrameshiftMutations **:Insertionordeletionofnucleotides,leadingtoashiftinthereadingframe.**GeneticTesting**:DefinitionofgenetictestingastheanalysisofDNA,RNA,orchromosomestodetectgeneticvariationsassociatedwithinherited disordersorpredispositionstodiseases.**TypesofGeneticTesting**:Overviewofdifferentmethodsusedingenetictesting:**DiagnosticTesting**:Identificationofaspecificgeneticconditioninanindividual.**CarrierTesti ng**:Identificationofindividualscarryingrecessiveallelesforgeneticdisorders.**PredictiveandPresymptomaticTesting**:Assessmentofriskfordevelopinggeneticconditionslaterinlife.**PrenatalTesting**:Screeningf orgeneticdisordersinfetusesduringpregnancy.**NewbornScreening**:Testingforgeneticdisordersshortlyafterbirth.**EthicalandSocialIssuesinGeneticTesting**:Discussiononethicalconsiderationsrelatedtogenet ictesting,includingprivacy,confidentiality,informedconsent,andimplicationsforindividualsandfamilies.**GeneticCounseling**:Roleofgeneticcounselorsininterpretinggenetictestresults,providinginformation,ands upportingdecisionmakingregardinggenetictestingandfamilyplanning.**GeneticDisordersandPublicHealth**:Impactofgenetictestingonpublichealthinitiatives,diseaseprevention,andmanagementofgeneticdisorders.**EmergingTe chnologiesinGeneticTesting**:Introductiontoadvancesingenetictestingtechnologies,suchasnext-generationsequencing(NGS),wholeexomesequencing(WES),anddirect-toconsumergenetictesting.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomutationsandgenetictesting,reinforcingunderstandingofthecauses,consequences,applicat ions,andethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithgeneticvariationandtesting.Chapter13providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmutations,genetictestingtechnologies,andtheirimplicationsindiagnosing,preventing,a ndmanaginggeneticdisorders.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofmoleculargeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintopersonalizedmedicine,geneticcounseling,andethicalissuesingeneticscove redinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter13,feelfreetoask!Chapter14Chapter14of"Essentia lsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"DarwinandEvolution,"typicallyexplorestheprinciplesofevolution,itsmechanisms,andthecontributionsofCharlesDarwintoevolutionarytheory.Here’sano verviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEvolution**:Definitionofevolutionastheprocessofchangeovertimeinpopulationsoforganisms,leadingtothediversityoflifeonEarth.**Darwin'sContributions** :OverviewofCharlesDarwin'sobservationsandinsightsthatledtothedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection:**VoyageoftheBeagle**:Darwin'stravelsandobservationsofbiodiversityandgeologicalfor mations.**NaturalSelection**:MechanismproposedbyDarwintoexplainhowevolutionoccursthroughdifferentialsurvivalandreproductionoforganismswithadvantageoustraits.**EvidenceforEvolution**:Examinatio nofvariouslinesofevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution:**FossilRecord**:Transitionalformsandpatternsofspecieschangeovertime.**Biogeography**:Distributionofspeciesandsimilaritiesamongorganismsond ifferentcontinents.**ComparativeAnatomy**:Homologousstructuresandvestigialorgansamongdifferentspecies.**MolecularBiology**:SimilaritiesinDNA,RNA,andproteinsequencesamongorganismsindicatingco mmonancestry.**MechanismsofEvolution**:Explorationofprocessesthatdriveevolutionarychange:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantageoustraits.**GeneticDrift**: Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:Sourceofnewgeneticvariation.**ModernSynthesisofEvolutionaryTh eory**:IntegrationofDarwinianevolutionwithgenetics(populationgenetics),explaininghowgeneticvariationandnaturalselectionshapeevolutionarypatterns.**PatternsandRatesofEvolution**:Examinationofevolutio narypatterns,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofformsinresponsetodifferentenvironmentalniches.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartr aitsindifferentlineages.**PunctuatedEquilibrium**:Periodsofrapidevolutionarychangefollowedbylongperiodsofstability.**HumanEvolution**:Overviewofhumanevolution,includingfossilevidence(e.g.,Australopit hecus,Homospecies)andgeneticstudiesrevealingrelationshipsamongmodernhumanpopulations.**EvolutionaryMechanismsandAdaptation**:Discussiononhowevolutionarymechanisms(naturalselection,genet icdrift)contributetoadaptationoforganismstotheirenvironments.**EvolutionandSpeciation**:Explanationofspeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingallopatric,sympatric,andparapatricspeciatio n.**EmergingTopicsinEvolutionaryBiology**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinevolutionarybiology,suchasevolutionarydevelopmentalbiology(evodevo),molecularevolution,andthestudyofevolutionaryprocessesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDarwinandevo lution,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciples,mechanisms,andevidencesupportingevolutionarytheory.Chapter14providesacomprehensiveexplorationofevolutionarytheory,Darwin'scontributions,andthemech anismsthatdriveevolutionarychange.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofgeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintoecology,biodiversity,andevolutionarybiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersoft hetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter14,feelfreetoask!Chapter15:EvolutiononaSmallScaleChapter15of"Essentialso fBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaSmallScale,"typicallyfocusesonevolutionaryprocessesthatoccurwithinpopulationsandspecies.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthis chapter:**IntroductiontoMicroevolution**:Definitionofmicroevolutionasevolutionarychangeoccurringwithinpopulationsoverrelativelyshortperiodsoftime.**PopulationGenetics**:Overviewofpopulationgenetics,w hichstudiesthedistributionandchangeofallelefrequenciesinpopulations:**GenePool**:Totalcollectionofallelesinapopulation.**Hardy-WeinbergPrinciple**:Mathematicalmodeldescribingallelefrequenciesinanonevolvingpopulation.**FactorsInfluencingMicroevolution**:Discussiononthemechanismsthatdrivemicroevolutionarychanges:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantage oustraits.**GeneticDrift**:Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesduetochanceevents,morepronouncedinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:So urceofnewgeneticvariation.**TypesofNaturalSelection**:Explorationofdifferenttypesofnaturalselection:**StabilizingSelection**:Selectionagainstextremes,favoringintermediatephenotypes.**DirectionalSelectio n**:Shifttowardoneextremephenotypeinresponsetoenvironmentalchange.**DisruptiveSelection**:Selectionfavoringbothextremes,leadingtopolymorphism.**AdaptationandFitness**:Definitionofadaptationasthe processbywhichpopulationsbecomebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.Measurementoffitnessastherelativereproductivesuccessofindividualswithaparticulargenotype.**GeneticVariation andPolymorphism**:Explanationofgeneticvariationwithinpopulations,including:**PolygenicTraits**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**QuantitativeGenetics**:Studyofcomplextraitsinfluencedbymultiplegenesa ndenvironmentalfactors.**SpeciationandReproductiveIsolation**:Introductiontospeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingmechanismsofreproductiveisolation:**PrezygoticBarriers**:Prevent matingorfertilizationbetweenspecies.**PostzygoticBarriers**:Reduceviabilityorfertilityofhybridoffspring.**PatternsofMicroevolution**:Examinationofevolutionarypatternsobservedinnaturalpopulations,including: **SelectivePressures**:Environmentalfactorsinfluencingadaptation.**PopulationBottlenecks**:Reductioninpopulationsizeleadingtogeneticdrift.**FounderEffect**:Geneticdriftinsmallfoundingpopulations.**Hu manImpactonMicroevolution**:Discussiononhowhumanactivities(e.g.,habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange)caninfluencemicroevolutionaryprocessesinnaturalpopulations.**EmergingTopicsinMicroevolu tion**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmicroevolutionarystudies,suchasevolutionaryresponsestorapidenvironmentalchangesandtheroleofepigeneticsinevolution.**SummaryandKeyCo ncepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomicroevolution,reinforcingunderstandingofthemechanismsandpatternsofevolutionarychangewithinpopulations.Chapter15providesacompr ehensiveexplorationofmicroevolutionaryprocesses,includingnaturalselection,geneticdrift,geneflow,andtheirrolesinshapinggeneticdiversityandadaptationwithinpopulations.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledge ofgeneticsandevolutionarytheory,preparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomacroevolution,ecologicalgenetics,andconservationbiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestio nsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter15,feelfreetoask!Chapter16:EvolutiononaLargeScaleChapter16of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichael

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Windelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaLargeScale,"typicallyexploresevolutionaryprocessesthatoccuroverlongertimescalesandacrosslargertaxonomicgroups.Here’sanovervi ewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**I ntroductiontoMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolutionasevolutionarypatternsandprocessesthatoccurabovethespecieslevel,leadingtothediversificationoflifeformsovergeologictimescales.**Speciation**:Det ailedexplorationofspeciation,theprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise:**AllopatricSpeciation**:Geographicisolationleadingtoreproductiveisolation.**SympatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringwithinthesamegeog raphicareaduetofactorslikepolyploidyorhabitatdifferentiation.**ParapatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringinadjacentbutdifferenthabitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajorpatternsandtrendso bservedinthefossilrecordandbiologicaldiversity:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofecologicalniches.**ExtinctionEvents**:Massextinctionsandtheirimpactonbiodiversit y.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartraitsinunrelatedlineages.**EvolutionaryTrends**:Analysisofevolutionarytrendsobservedinvarioustaxonomicgroups:**Coevolution**:Reciprocalevoluti onarychangesbetweeninteractingspecies(e.g.,predator-prey,host-parasite).**EvolutionaryDevelopmentalBiology(Evodevo)**:Studyofhowchangesindevelopmentalprocessescontributetoevolutionarychange.**EvolutionofComplexity**:Emergenceofcomplextraitsandbiologicalstructuresoverevolutionarytime.**Biogeography**:E xplorationofthedistributionofspeciesandhowhistoricalandecologicalfactorsinfluencepatternsofbiodiversity:**ContinentalDrift**:Movementofcontinentsanditsimpactonbiogeographicpatterns.**IslandBiogeograp hy**:Patternsofspeciesdiversityonislandsinfluencedbycolonizationandextinction.**EvolutionaryEcology**:Integrationofevolutionarybiologywithecologicalprinciples,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Ecologicalop portunitiesdrivingspeciation.**SpeciesInteractions**:Coevolutionaryrelationshipsandtheirecologicalandevolutionaryconsequences.**EvolutionaryDevelopment**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, hostparasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation scienc

2. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by

and

(x ≥ 0) about the x-

axis. a. 16π Page 517

b. c.

π

d. e.

π

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.7 SCalc7e 5.2.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.03 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the washer method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 3:58 AM 3. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curves about the specified

line. ; about the y-axis a. b. c.

d.

e. None of these ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.2.6 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of Page 518

revolution using the disk method.

7ET Bimodal Section 6.2 7/20/2015 2:12 PM 6/23/2020 11:23 AM

KEYWORDS: OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

4. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curves about the specified

axis. ; about a. 6112π b. 6096π c. 6128π d. 6144π e. None of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.17 SCalc7e 5.2.17 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.03 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the washer method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 4:06 AM 5. The height of a monument is 80 m. A horizontal cross-section at a distance x meters from the top is an

equilateral triangle with side

meters. Find the volume of the monument.

a.

m³ b.

m³ c.

m³ d.

4000

e.

ANSWER:

m³ m³ a Page 519

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.60b SCalc7e 5.2.60b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.06 - Find the volume of a solid with known cross-sections perpendicular to the y-axis.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:02 AM 6. Find the volume of the solid that is obtained by revolving the region about the x-axis.

a. b. c. d.

π π π π

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

c 1 Medium SCalcET7 6.2.19 SCalc7e 5.2.19 Page 520

QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the disk method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 5:42 AM

7. Find the volume of the solid that is obtained by revolving the region about the line y =

a. b. c.

.

π π π

d. 60π ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.22 SCalc7e 5.2.22 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.03 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the washer method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 Page 521

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:12 PM 2/19/2020 6:26 AM

8. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations and

inequalities about the y-axis. x² – y² = 25, x ≥ 0, y = – 5, y = 5 a. 500π b.

π

c. 250π d.

π

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.34 SCalc7e 5.2.34 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the disk method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 5:04 AM 9. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about

the x-axis. y = cos x + 1, x = 0, y = 0, x = a. b.

π

π² + 2π π² + 4π

c. π² + 4π d. π² + 2π ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

a 1 Medium SCalcET7 6.2.14 SCalc7e 5.2.14 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) True Page 522

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the disk method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 5:21 AM 10. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about

the indicated line.

2

y = 1 – x , y = 0; the line y = 5 a.

π

b.

π

c. d.

π π

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.2 SCalc7e 5.2.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.03 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the washer method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 2:22 AM 11. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by

and

about the line

. a. b. c.

Page 523

d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.5 SCalc7e 5.2.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.03 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the washer method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:04 AM 12. Find the volume of a pyramid with height 8 and base an equilateral triangle with side a = 8.

a. b. c.

d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.52 SCalc7e 5.2.52 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 524

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.06 - Find the volume of a solid with known cross-sections perpendicular to the y-axis.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 11:54 PM 13. The base of a solid is a circular disk with radius 3. Find the volume of the solid if parallel cross-sections

perpendicular to the base are isosceles right triangles with hypotenuse lying along the base. a. 6 b. 7 c. 16 d. 49 e. None of these ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.54 SCalc7e 5.2.54 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.05 - Find the volume of a solid with known cross-sections perpendicular to the x-axis.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM 14. Find the volume of the frustum of a pyramid with square base of side b = 17, square top of side a = 5, and

height h = 20.

ANSWER:

2,660

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium SCalcET7 6.2.50 SCalc7e 5.2.50 Numeric Response Page 525

HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.06 - Find the volume of a solid with known cross-sections perpendicular to the y-axis.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 11:55 PM 15. Find the volume common to two spheres, each with radius r = 24 if the center of each sphere lies on the

surface of the other sphere.

ANSWER:

5,760π

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.65 SCalc7e 5.2.65 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving volumes of solids using the disk or washer method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM 16. Use a computer algebra system to find the exact volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded

by the given curves about the specified line.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.2.38 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.03 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the washer method.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 6.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 5:57 AM

Page 526

17. The base of S is the parabolic region

. Cross-sections perpendicular to the y-axis are

squares.

Find the volume of S. ANSWER:

50

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.58 SCalc7e 5.2.58 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.06 - Find the volume of a solid with known cross-sections perpendicular to the y-axis.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:09 AM 18. Find the volume of a cap of a sphere with radius r = 50 and height h = 15.

ANSWER:

10,125π

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.49 SCalc7e 5.2.49 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.06 - Find the volume of a solid with known cross-sections perpendicular to the y-axis.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 7:00 AM

19. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the x-axis the region under the curve

from x

= 6 to x = 7.

Page 527

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.18 SCalc7e 5.2.18 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the disk method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 6:05 AM

20. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by

line ANSWER:

and

about the

. π

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.15 SCalc7e 5.2.15 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.04 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the washer method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 6:12 AM 21. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by

and

about the y-axis.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.9 SCalc7e 5.2.9 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.04 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the washer method.

Page 528

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Numerical Response SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 7/20/2015 2:12 PM 2/7/2020 6:14 AM

22. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curves about the specified

axis.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.8 SCalc7e 5.2.8 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.03 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the washer method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/14/2020 9:12 AM 23. The base of a solid is a circular disk with radius 3. Find the volume of the solid if parallel cross-sections

perpendicular to the base are isosceles right triangles with hypotenuse lying along the base.

ANSWER: 36 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.54 SCalc7e 5.2.54 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.05 - Find the volume of a solid with known cross-sections perpendicular to the x-axis.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM 24. The base of S is a circular region with boundary curve

. Cross-sections perpendicular to the

x-axis are isosceles right triangles with hypotenuse in the base.

Find the volume of S. ANSWER:

24

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Medium Page 529

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.55 SCalc7e 5.2.55 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.05 - Find the volume of a solid with known cross-sections perpendicular to the x-axis.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 6:23 AM 25. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about

the indicated axis.

2

y = x , y = 0, x = 1, x = 4; the x-axis ANSWER:

π

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.10 SCalc7e 5.2.10 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the disk method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 6:26 AM 26. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about

the indicated axis. ,

,

,

; the x-axis

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.2.12 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the disk method.

KEYWORDS: 7ET Page 530

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer Section 6.2 7/20/2015 2:12 PM 2/7/2020 6:33 AM

27. Use a graphing utility to (a) plot the graphs of the given functions and (b) find the approximate x-coordinates

of the points of intersection of the graphs. Then find an approximation of the volume of the solid obtained by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the functions about the x-axis. Round answers to two decimal places.

2

3

, y = 3x – x ANSWER:

a.

b. (0, 0) and (1.61, 3.60), 13.06

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.35 SCalc7e 5.2.35 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.03 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the washer method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 6:36 AM 28. Sketch a plane region, and indicate the axis about which it is revolved so that the resulting solid of

revolution has the volume given by the integral.

Page 531

ANSWER:

x-axis

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.41 SCalc7e 5.2.41 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.03 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the washer method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 6:40 AM 2

29. The base of a solid is the region bounded by the graphs of y = 36 – x and y = 0. The cross sections

perpendicular to the y-axis are equilateral triangles. Find the volume of the solid.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Medium Page 532

REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.58 SCalc7e 5.2.58 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.06 - Find the volume of a solid with known cross-sections perpendicular to the y-axis.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 7:12 AM 30. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about

the indicated line. Sketch the region and a representative rectangle. , y = x – 1; the line x = 2 ANSWER:

π

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.3 SCalc7e 5.2.3 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.04 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the washer method.

OTHER: Short Answer Page 533

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 7/20/2015 2:12 PM 2/24/2020 8:35 AM

31. Find the volume of the solid obtained by revolving the region under the graph of

on [1, ∞)

about the x-axis.

ANSWER:

π

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.2.4 SCalc7e 5.2.4 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the disk method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.2 SCalc7e Section 5.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 6:55 AM

1. Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by

the given curves about the specified axis.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.15 SCalc7e 5.3.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

Page 534

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 7/20/2015 2:12 PM 2/7/2020 12:26 AM

2. Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region

bounded by the graphs of the equations about the indicated axis. Sketch the region and a representative rectangle. , y = –x + 4; the y-axis a.

b. 128π

c.

d. 128π

ANSWER:

c Page 535

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.6 SCalc7e 5.3.6 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 4:47 AM 3. Use the method of disks or washers, or the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of the solid

generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about the indicated axis. Sketch the region and a representative rectangle. , y = 0 , the x-axis a. 3500π

b.

c.

d.

Page 536

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.10 SCalc7e 5.3.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.03 - Find the volume of a solid of revolution using either the shell method or the disk method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 12:46 AM 4. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about

the indicated line. Sketch the region and a representative rectangle.

2

y = 16 – x , y = 0; the line x = – 4 a. 256π

b.

Page 537

c. 512π

d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.37 SCalc7e 5.3.37 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 4:37 AM Page 538

5. Sketch a plane region and indicate the axis about which it is revolved so that the resulting solid of revolution

(found using the shell method) is given by the integral.

a.

b.

y-axis c.

x-axis d.

y-axis

x-axis

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.31 SCalc7e 5.3.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.06 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving Page 539

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

volumes of solids using the shell method.

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 7/20/2015 2:12 PM 2/19/2020 4:24 AM

6. Use cylindrical shells to find the volume of the solid.

A sphere of radius r. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.45 SCalc7e 5.3.45 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:30 AM 7. Suppose you make napkin rings by drilling holes with different diameters through two wooden balls (which

also have different diameters). You discover that both napkin rings have the same height b as shown in the figure. Use cylindrical shells to compute the volume of a napkin ring created by drilling a hole with radius d through the center of a sphere of radius D and express the answer in terms of b.

Page 540

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.48b SCalc7e 5.3.48b QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 12:53 AM 8. Use the Midpoint Rule with n = 4 to estimate the volume obtained by rotating about the region under the y-

axis the region under the curve.

Select the correct answer. The choices are rounded to the nearest hundredth. a. V = 0.156 b. V = 1.851 c. V = 0.825 d. V = 1.142 e. V = 0.491 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.27 SCalc7e 5.3.27 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

Page 541

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 7/20/2015 2:12 PM 2/7/2020 12:31 AM

9. Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region about

the indicated axis or line.

y - axis a. 64 π b. c. d. 32 π ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.5 SCalc7e 5.3.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM Page 542

DATE MODIFIED:

2/19/2020 12:54 AM

10. The region bounded by the given curves is rotated about the specified axis. Find the volume of the resulting

solid by any method. Round your answer to 3 decimal places. about thex-axis and y = 0. a. 1763.213 b. 880.012 c. 1752.016 d. 1760.025 e. None of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.2 SCalc7e 5.3.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.03 - Find the volume of a solid of revolution using either the shell method or the disk method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:33 AM 11. The region bounded by the given curves is rotated about the specified axis. Find the volume of the resulting

solid by any method. about the y-axis a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

a 1 Medium SCalcET7 6.3.4 SCalc7e 5.3.4 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 543

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.03 - Find the volume of a solid of revolution using either the shell method or the disk method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:38 AM 12. Sketch a graph to estimate the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the given curves. Then use this

information to estimate the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the y-axis the region enclosed by these curves.

Rounded to the nearest hundredth.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.7 SCalc7e 5.3.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:43 AM 13. Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by

the given curves about the x-axis.

ANSWER:

13.5 π

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

1 Medium SCalcET7 6.3.37 SCalc7e 5.3.37 Numeric Response Page 544

HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:44 AM 14. Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume generated by rotating the region bounded by the

given curves about the specified axis. about the line x = 3 ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.11 SCalc7e 5.3.11 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:46 AM 15. Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by

the given curves about the x-axis.

ANSWER:

π

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.12 SCalc7e 5.3.12 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:54 AM 16. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded Page 545

by the given curves about the specified axis.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.32b SCalc7e 5.3.32b QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 12:57 AM 17. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded

by the given curves about the specified axis.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 5.3.31 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the shell method.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 4:00 AM 18. Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region

bounded by the graphs of the equations about the indicated axis. Sketch the region and a representative rectangle.

2

y = x , y = 0, x = 3; the y-axis ANSWER: Page 546

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.4 SCalc7e 5.3.4 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 4:29 AM 19. Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region

bounded by the graphs of the equations about the indicated axis. Sketch the region and a representative rectangle. y=

, y = 0, x = 3, x = 4; the y-axis

ANSWER:

4π

Page 547

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.4 SCalc7e 5.3.4 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 4:33 AM 20. Use a graphing utility to (a) plot the graphs of the given functions, (b) find the approximate x-coordinates of

the points of intersection of the graphs, and (c) find an approximation of the volume of the solid obtained by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the functions about the y-axis. Round answers to two decimal places.

5

2

y = x, y = x – x , x ≥ 0 ANSWER:

a.

Page 548

b. (0, 0) and (1.22, 1.22) c. 3.67 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.34 SCalc7e 5.3.34 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.03 - Find the volume of a solid of revolution using either the shell method or the disk method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 4:08 AM 21. Use the method of disks or washers, or the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of the solid

generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about the indicated axis. Sketch the region and a representative rectangle.

2

y = 2x , y = 4x – 2, y = 8; the y-axis ANSWER:

Page 549

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.6 SCalc7e 5.3.6 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.03 - Find the volume of a solid of revolution using either the shell method or the disk method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 12:59 AM 22. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about

the indicated line. Sketch the region and a representative rectangle. , y = x – 1; the line x = 4 ANSWER:

Page 550

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.3.43 SCalc7e 5.3.43 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.03 - Find the volume of a solid of revolution using either the shell method or the disk method.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.3 SCalc7e Section 5.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:00 AM 23. Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region

bounded by the graphs of the equations about the indicated axis. Sketch the region and a representative rectangle. , y = 0, x = 1, x = 4; the y-axis ANSWER:

Page 551

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.3.16 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.02 - Find the volume of a solid with a vertical axis of revolution using the shell method.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 6.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/19/2020 1:30 AM

1. A force of 30 N is required to maintain a spring stretched from its natural length of 12 cm to a length of 15

cm. How much work is done in stretching the spring from 11 cm to 23 cm? a. 8.20J b. 11.40J c. 9.40J d. 7.20J e. 10.40J ANSWER: POINTS:

d 1 Page 552

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.2 SCalc7e 5.4.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM 2. A heavy rope, 60 ft long, weighs 0.8 lb/ft and hangs over the edge of a building 110 ft high. How much work

is done in pulling the rope to the top of the building? a. 1550ft-lb b. 1530ft-lb c. 1440ft-lb d. 1510ft-lb e. 1540ft-lb ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.13 SCalc7e 5.4.13 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM 3. A tank is full of water. Find the work required to pump the water out of the outlet.

a. W = 405,000 J b. W = 4,430,000 J Page 553

c. W = 4,435,000 J d. W = 440,000 J e. None of these ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.21 SCalc7e 5.4.22 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 1:53 AM 4. A spring has a natural length of 20 cm. If a force of 25 N is required to keep it stretched to a length of 30 cm,

how much work is required to stretch it from 20 cm to 37 cm? a. 7.61J b. 4.61J c. 6.61J d. 5.61J e. 3.61J ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.8 SCalc7e 6.4.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM 5. If 2 J of work are needed to stretch a spring from 10 cm to 12 cm and another 16 J are needed to stretch it

from 12 cm to 14 cm, what is the natural length of the spring? Round the answer to nearest integer. a. 12 cm b. 8 cm c. 13 cm Page 554

d. 11 cm e. 10 cm ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.12 SCalc7e 5.4.12 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM 6. A bucket weighs 8 lb and a rope of negligible weight are used to draw water from a well that is 40 ft deep.

The bucket starts with 50 lb of water and is pulled up at a rate of 10 ft/s, but water leaks out of a hole in the bucket at a rate of 0.5 lb/s. Find the work done in pulling the bucket to the top of the well. a. 2,280 ft-lb b. 2,780 ft-lb c. 3,780 ft-lb d. 2,380 ft-lb e. 3,280 ft-lb ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.16 SCalc7e 5.4.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM 7. Newton's Law of Gravitation states that two bodies with masses m1 and m2 attract each other with a force

where r is the distance between the bodies and G is the gravitation constant. If one of bodies is fixed, find the work needed to move the other from r = a to r = d.

Page 555

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.29a SCalc7e 5.4.29a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 1:49 AM 8. An aquarium 7 m long, 1 m wide, and 1 m deep is full of water. Find the work needed to pump half of the 3

water out of the aquarium. (Use the facts that the density of water is 1000 kg/m and g ≈ 9.8.) a. 17,150 J b. 34,300 J c. 68,600 J d. 11,433 J e. 8,575 J ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.19 SCalc7e 5.4.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic Page 556

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM 9. A particle moves a distance of 180 ft along a straight line. As it moves, it is acted upon by a constant force of

magnitude 5 lb in a direction opposite to that of the motion. What is the work done by the force? a.

ft-lb b. –900 ft-lb c.

ft-lb d. –36 ft-lb ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.15 SCalc7e 5.4.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 2:08 AM 10. Find the work done in pushing a car a distance of 16 m while exerting a constant force of 300 N. ANSWER: 4,800 J POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.1a SCalc7e 5.4.1a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/10/2021 10:40 AM Page 557

11. In a steam engine the pressure and volume of steam satisfy the equation

, where k is a constant.

(This is true for adiabatic expansion, that is, expansion in which there is no heat transfer between the cylinder and its surroundings.) Calculate the work done by the engine (in ft-lb) during a cycle when the steam starts at a 2 3 3 pressure of 160 lb/in and a volume of 200 in and expands to a volume of 1000 in . Use the fact that the work done by the gas when the volume expands from V1 to volume V2 is

.

ANSWER:

3

3.16 × 10 ft-lb

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.27 SCalc7e 5.4.27 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 2:11 AM 12. True or False?

If a force of 6 lbs is required to hold a spring stretched 5 inches beyond its natural length, then 38.4 lb-in. of work is done in stretching it from its natural length to –8 in. beyond its natural length.

False ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.14 SCalc7e 5.4.14 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM

13. The tank shown is full of water. Given that water weighs 62.5 lb/ft and R = 5, find the work (in lb-ft)

required to pump the water out of the tank.

Page 558

ANSWER:

981,748 ft-lb

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.22 SCalc7e 5.4.22 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 1:53 AM 14. If 4 J of work are needed to stretch a spring from 8 cm to 14 cm and another 14 J are needed to stretch it

from 14 cm to 19 cm, what is the natural length of the spring?

ANSWER: 10 cm POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.12 SCalc7e 5.4.12 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM 15. A chain weighing 3 lb/ft hangs vertically from a winch located 18 ft above the ground, and the free end of

the chain is just touching the ground. Find the work done by the winch in pulling in the whole chain.

ANSWER: 486 ft-lb POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.15 SCalc7e 5.4.15 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

Page 559

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 7/20/2015 2:13 PM 1/20/2021 2:01 PM

16. A tank has the shape of an inverted right circular cone with a base radius of 2 m and a height of 6 m. If the

tank is filled to a height of 5 m, find the work required (to the nearest joule) to empty the tank by pumping the 3 2 water over the top of the tank. (The mass of water is 1000 kg/m and the force of gravity is 9.8 m/sec .)

ANSWER: 320,704 J POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.21 SCalc7e 5.4.21 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/20/2021 2:01 PM 17. A steel girder weighing 400 lb is hoisted from ground level to the roof of a 90-ft building using a chain that

weighs 4 lb/running foot. Find the work done. a. 16,200 ft-lb b. 36,180 ft-lb c. 52,200 ft-lb d. 34,200 ft-lb ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.4.10 SCalc7e 5.4.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.04.02 - Solve applied problems involving work done by a variable force.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.4 SCalc7e Section 5.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/20/2021 2:01 PM

1. The linear density of a 80 m long rod is Page 560

where x is measured in meters from one end of the rod. Find the average density of the rod. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.19 SCalc7e 5.5.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.08 - Find the average value of a function on a given interval.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 2:55 AM 2. In a certain city the temperature

hours after 7 A.M. was modeled by the function

Find the average temperature to three decimal places during the period from 7 A.M. to 7 P.M. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.17 SCalc7e 5.5.17 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.08 - Find the average value of a function on a given interval.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 Page 561

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:13 PM 2/18/2020 10:18 AM

3. Find the average value of the function on the given interval.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 6.5.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.08 - Find the average value of a function on a given interval.

KEYWORDS: 7ET OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 6.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 7:39 AM 4. Find the average value of the function

on the interval [0, 20]. Round your answer to 3

decimal places. a. 4.152 b. 0.2 c. 0.192 d. 0.152 e. 8 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.4 SCalc7e 5.5.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.08 - Find the average value of a function on a given interval.

Page 562

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 7/20/2015 2:13 PM 2/7/2020 2:57 AM

5. The temperature of a metal rod, 6 m long, is 3x (in degree Celsius) at a distance x meters from one end of the

rod. What is the average temperature of the rod? a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.18 SCalc7e 5.5.18 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.08 - Find the average value of a function on a given interval.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 3:01 AM 6. Find the average value of the function

on the interval

.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

c 1 Medium SCalcET7 6.5.4 SCalc7e 5.5.4 Page 563

QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.08 - Find the average value of a function on a given interval.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 3:08 AM 7. Find the number(s) a such that the average value of the function

on the interval [0, a]

is equal to 10. a. a = 10 b. c. d. a = 9 e. a = –5 ANSWER: a, d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.14 SCalc7e 5.5.14 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.10 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using definite integrals.

OTHER: Multiple Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 3:47 AM 8. Find the average value of the function on the given interval.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.4 SCalc7e 5.5.4 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.08 - Find the average value of a function on a given interval.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 3:50 AM Page 564

9. True or False?

The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals says that if f(t) is continuous on [p, q], then there exists a number m in [p, q] such that ANSWER:

False

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.25 SCalc7e 5.5.23 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.05 - Explain the Mean Value Theorem for integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 2:43 AM 10. The velocity v of blood that flows in a blood vessel with radius A and length l at a distance a from the

central axis is

, where P is the pressure difference between the ends of the vessel and q is

the viscosity of the blood. Find the average velocity (with respect to r) over the interval 0 ≤ a ≤ A.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.18 SCalc7e 5.5.18 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.07 - Define average value of a function on a closed interval.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 2:49 AM

11. Find the average value of the function

on the interval

.

ANSWER:

POINTS:

1 Page 565

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.2 SCalc7e 5.5.2 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.08 - Find the average value of a function on a given interval.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 3:59 AM 12. Find the average value of the function ANSWER: –20

on the interval [0, 9].

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.1 SCalc7e 5.5.1 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.08 - Find the average value of a function on a given interval.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 4:01 AM 13. Find the number(s) a such that the average value of the function

on the interval [0, a] is

equal to 9.

ANSWER:

a = 2 or a = 8

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 6.5.14 SCalc7e 5.5.14 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.10 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 6.5 SCalc7e Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 4:02 AM 14. (a) Find the number c whose existence is guaranteed by the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals for the

function f on [a, b], and (b) sketch the graph of f on [a, b] and the rectangle with base on [a, b] that has the same area as that of the region under the graph of f. ; [0, 1]

Page 566

ANSWER:

a. b.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 5.5.23 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.06 - Find the value(s) of a function on a given interval that satisfy the Mean Value Theorem for integrals.

KEYWORDS: 7e OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 5.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:13 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 1:57 AM 15. Breathing is cyclic and a full respiratory cycle from the beginning of inhalation to the end of exhalation

takes about s. If the maximum rate of air flow into the lungs is about 0.6 L/s, the function can been used to model the rate of air flow into the lungs. Use this model to compute the average volume of inhaled air in the lungs in one respiratory cycle. a. b. c. d.

Page 567

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.10 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using definite integrals.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 10:08 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 12:18 AM

1. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.24 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 9:21 AM 2. Evaluate the indefinite integral.

a.

b.

Page 568

c.

d.

e. None of these ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.3 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:11 AM 3. Find the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.5 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.1 Page 569

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:14 PM 2/3/2020 8:22 AM

4. Find the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.12 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 8:24 AM 5. Find the integral.

a.

b.

c.

Page 570

d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.13 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 11:46 PM 6. Evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.41 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 571

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 7.1 7/20/2015 2:14 PM 1/31/2020 6:16 AM

7. Evaluate the integral.

a. 1.274 b. 2.9200 c. 0.3185 d. 5.274 e. None of these ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:17 AM 8. Evaluate the integral using integration by parts with the indicated choices of u and dv.

a. b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 572

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 7.1 7/20/2015 2:14 PM 2/3/2020 8:42 AM

9. Evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e. None of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.17 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 11:48 PM 10. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Medium 7.1.19 Page 573

QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:20 AM 11. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:21 AM 12. Evaluate the following integral.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.26 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:22 AM 13. Evaluate the integral.

Page 574

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.29 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 11:59 PM 14. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.32 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/9/2021 10:15 AM 15. Find the integral.

a.

Page 575

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.13 SCalc7e 4.4.13 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:37 PM 16. Find the integral.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.18 SCalc7e 4.4.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:01 PM Page 576

DATE MODIFIED:

2/5/2020 11:56 PM

17. Find the integral.

a. b. c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.05 - Prove reduction formulas using integration by parts.

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 4:58 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/1/2021 12:10 PM 18. Find the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.05 - Prove reduction formulas using integration by parts.

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 5:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/1/2021 12:10 PM Page 577

19. Find the integral.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.05 - Prove reduction formulas using integration by parts.

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 10:52 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/1/2021 12:10 PM

1. Find the integral.

a.

sin x –

b. c. d.

3

sin x – –

sin x +

–

sin x +

3

3

sin x + C 5

sin x + C 3

sin x + C 5

sin x + C

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.02.02 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals containing odd powers of cosine using a Pythagorean identity.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 578

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 7.2 7/20/2015 2:14 PM 2/11/2020 4:30 AM

2. Find the integral.

a.

–

b.

9

cos x –

c. d.

9

cos x +

7

cos x – –

7

cos x +

7

cos x + C 7

cos x + C 5

cos x + C 5

cos x + C

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.02.01 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals containing odd powers of sine using a Pythagorean identity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 4:42 AM 3. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. d.

π π π π

ANSWER:

a Page 579

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.02.03 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals containing even powers of sine and cosine using power-reducing identities.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/9/2021 10:27 AM 4. Find the integral.

a.

7

tan x + b.

5

tan x + c. d.

5

tan x – 7

tan x –

5

tan x + C 3

tan x + C 3

tan x + C 5

tan x + C

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.21 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.02.05 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals containing even powers of secant using a Pythagorean identity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:12 AM 5. Find the integral.

Page 580

a. b.

5

sec x – 5

sec x + c. d.

7

sec x – 7

sec x +

3

sec x + C 3

sec x + C 5

sec x + C 5

sec x + C

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.02.04 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals containing odd powers of tangent using a Pythagorean identity.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:20 AM 6. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. d. e. none of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.33 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.02.06 - Find integrals of functions containing products of sines Page 581

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

and cosines of two angles using product-to-sum identities.

Bimodal Section 7.2 7/20/2015 2:14 PM 2/3/2020 9:17 AM

7. Evaluate the integral.

a.

b. c. d.

e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.46 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.06.02 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals using trigonometric identities.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 9:18 AM 8. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. d. e. None of these Page 582

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.47 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.06.02 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals using trigonometric identities.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 5:36 AM 9. Find the average value of the function f(x) in the interval [–π, π].

a. π b. 0 c. d. e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.55 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.08 - Find the average value of a function on a given interval.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 4:31 AM 10. A particle moves on a straight line with velocity function

. Find its position function

. a.

Page 583

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.65 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.06.02 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals using trigonometric identities.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 4:58 AM 11. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.9 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.02.02 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals containing odd powers of cosine using a Pythagorean identity.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:24 AM 12. Evaluate the integral.

Page 584

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.11 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.02.01 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals containing odd powers of sine using a Pythagorean identity.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:27 AM 13. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.35 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.06.02 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals using trigonometric identities.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:02 AM

Page 585

14. Find the area bounded by the curves

and

between

and

.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.57 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 5:11 AM 15. Find the volume obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curves about y = –1. y = sinx, x = 0, x = π, y = 0 ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.61 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.05.01 - Find volumes of solids of revolution using the disk or washer method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 5:12 AM 16. Household electricity is supplied in the form of alternating current that varies from 190 V to –190 V with a frequency of 60 cycles per second (Hz). The voltage is thus given by the function E(t), where t is the time in seconds. Voltmeters 2 read the RMS (root-mean-square) voltage, which is the square root of the average value of [E(t)] over one cycle.

Calculate the RMS voltage of household current. Round your answer to the nearest integer.

E(t) = 190sin(120πt) ANSWER: POINTS:

134 1 Page 586

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.66 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.10 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using definite integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM 17. Find the integral.

ANSWER:

–

9

cot x –

7

cot x + C

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.38 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.06.02 - Evaluate trigonometric integrals using trigonometric identities.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:31 AM 18. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.2.41 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.02.06 - Find integrals of functions containing products of sines Page 587

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

and cosines of two angles using product-to-sum identities.

Short Answer Section 7.2 7/20/2015 2:14 PM 2/11/2020 5:38 AM

1. Find the integral using an appropriate trigonometric substitution.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.1 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.02 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 + x2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:43 AM 2. Evaluate the integral using the indicated trigonometric substitution.

a. b.

Page 588

c. d. e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.02 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 + x2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:51 AM 3. Find the integral using an appropriate trigonometric substitution.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.02 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 + x2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.3 Page 589

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:15 PM 1/31/2020 8:05 AM

4. Find the integral using an appropriate trigonometric substitution.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.01 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 − x2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 9:55 AM 5. Find the integral using an appropriate trigonometric substitution.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

c 1 Medium 7.3.17 Page 590

QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.01 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 − x2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 2:51 AM 6. Evaluate the integral using an appropriate trigonometric substitution.

a. b. c.

d. π ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.21 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.01 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 − x2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 9:59 AM 7. Evaluate the integral using the indicated trigonometric substitution.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Medium Page 591

REFERENCES: 7.3.1 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.03 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form x2 − a2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 10:12 AM 8. Evaluate the integral to six decimal places.

0.031414 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.21 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.01 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 − x2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:14 AM 9. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.30 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.06.03 - Evaluate integrals using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM Page 592

DATE MODIFIED:

1/31/2020 7:16 AM 2

2

10. Find the area of the region bounded by the hyperbola 9x – 4y = 36 and the line x = 6.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.34 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:17 AM 11. A torus is generated by rotating the circle Round the answer to the nearest hundredth.

about the x-axis. Find the volume enclosed by the torus.

2,842.45 ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.41 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.UO.05.01 - Find volumes of solids of revolution using the disk or washer method.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:20 AM 12. A water storage tank has the shape of a cylinder with diameter 10 ft. It is mounted so that the circular cross-sections are vertical. If the depth of the water is 7 ft, what percentage of the total capacity is being used? Round the answer to the nearest tenth.

74.8 % ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.44 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.01.08 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving volumes of solids using the disk or washer method.

OTHER: Numerical Response Page 593

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 7.3 7/20/2015 2:15 PM 7/20/2015 2:15 PM

13. Evaluate the integral using an appropriate trigonometric substitution.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.7 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.02 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 + x2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:46 AM 14. Evaluate the integral using an appropriate trigonometric substitution.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.13 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.03 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form x2 − a2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM Page 594

DATE MODIFIED:

2/4/2020 10:14 AM

15. Find the integral using an appropriate trigonometric substitution.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.3.19 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.03 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form x2 − a2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.3 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 7:28 AM 16. Evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Page 595

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.1.38 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.01 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 − x2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:14 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/31/2020 6:12 AM

1. Use long division to evaluate the integral.

a. b. c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.01 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with no repeating factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM Page 596

DATE MODIFIED:

2/4/2020 2:20 AM

2. Evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.37 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.04 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of irreducible quadratic factors, with at least one repeated factor, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 7:41 AM 3. Find the integral.

a.

b.

Page 597

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.24 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.02 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with at least one repeated factor, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 7:45 AM 4. Write the form of the partial fraction decomposition of the rational expression. Do not find the numerical

values of the constants.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.1a QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PCALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Write the form for the partial fraction decomposition of a given rational expression.

OTHER: Bimodal Page 598

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 7.4 7/20/2015 2:15 PM 2/11/2020 3:07 AM

5. Find the integral.

a.

b.

c. d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.01 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with no repeating factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:37 AM 6. Find the integral.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER:

c Page 599

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.01 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with no repeating factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 7:46 AM 7. Find the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.20 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.02 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with at least one repeated factor, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 7:53 AM 8. Use a table of integrals to evaluate the integral.

Page 600

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.39 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 8:08 AM 9. Use a table of integrals to evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: POINTS:

a 1 Page 601

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.40 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 7:55 AM 10. Use long division to evaluate the integral.

The choices are rounded to 3 decimal places. a. 11.987 b. –8.013 c. 1.987 d. –3.013 e. 6.987 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.01 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with no repeating factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 2:06 AM 11. Evaluate the integral.

a.

Page 602

b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.15 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.01 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with no repeating factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:42 AM CausesofMutations**:Overviewofspontaneousmutations(arisingfromerrorsinDNAreplicationorrepair)andinducedmutations(causedbymutagens).**ConsequencesofMutations**:Impactofmutationsonproteinstru ctureandfunction:**SilentMutations**:Nochangeinaminoacidsequence.**MissenseMutations**:Changeinoneaminoacid.**NonsenseMutations**:Prematureterminationofproteinsynthesis.**FrameshiftMutations **:Insertionordeletionofnucleotides,leadingtoashiftinthereadingframe.**GeneticTesting**:DefinitionofgenetictestingastheanalysisofDNA,RNA,orchromosomestodetectgeneticvariationsassociatedwithinherited disordersorpredispositionstodiseases.**TypesofGeneticTesting**:Overviewofdifferentmethodsusedingenetictesting:**DiagnosticTesting**:Identificationofaspecificgeneticconditioninanindividual.**CarrierTesti ng**:Identificationofindividualscarryingrecessiveallelesforgeneticdisorders.**PredictiveandPresymptomaticTesting**:Assessmentofriskfordevelopinggeneticconditionslaterinlife.**PrenatalTesting**:Screeningf orgeneticdisordersinfetusesduringpregnancy.**NewbornScreening**:Testingforgeneticdisordersshortlyafterbirth.**EthicalandSocialIssuesinGeneticTesting**:Discussiononethicalconsiderationsrelatedtogenet ictesting,includingprivacy,confidentiality,informedconsent,andimplicationsforindividualsandfamilies.**GeneticCounseling**:Roleofgeneticcounselorsininterpretinggenetictestresults,providinginformation,ands upportingdecisionmakingregardinggenetictestingandfamilyplanning.**GeneticDisordersandPublicHealth**:Impactofgenetictestingonpublichealthinitiatives,diseaseprevention,andmanagementofgeneticdisorders.**EmergingTe chnologiesinGeneticTesting**:Introductiontoadvancesingenetictestingtechnologies,suchasnext-generationsequencing(NGS),wholeexomesequencing(WES),anddirect-toconsumergenetictesting.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomutationsandgenetictesting,reinforcingunderstandingofthecauses,consequences,applicat ions,andethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithgeneticvariationandtesting.Chapter13providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmutations,genetictestingtechnologies,andtheirimplicationsindiagnosing,preventing,a ndmanaginggeneticdisorders.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofmoleculargeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintopersonalizedmedicine,geneticcounseling,andethicalissuesingeneticscove redinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter13,feelfreetoask!Chapter14Chapter14of"Essentia lsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"DarwinandEvolution,"typicallyexplorestheprinciplesofevolution,itsmechanisms,andthecontributionsofCharlesDarwintoevolutionarytheory.Here’sano verviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEvolution**:Definitionofevolutionastheprocessofchangeovertimeinpopulationsoforganisms,leadingtothediversityoflifeonEarth.**Darwin'sContributions** :OverviewofCharlesDarwin'sobservationsandinsightsthatledtothedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection:**VoyageoftheBeagle**:Darwin'stravelsandobservationsofbiodiversityandgeologicalfor mations.**NaturalSelection**:MechanismproposedbyDarwintoexplainhowevolutionoccursthroughdifferentialsurvivalandreproductionoforganismswithadvantageoustraits.**EvidenceforEvolution**:Examinatio nofvariouslinesofevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution:**FossilRecord**:Transitionalformsandpatternsofspecieschangeovertime.**Biogeography**:Distributionofspeciesandsimilaritiesamongorganismsond ifferentcontinents.**ComparativeAnatomy**:Homologousstructuresandvestigialorgansamongdifferentspecies.**MolecularBiology**:SimilaritiesinDNA,RNA,andproteinsequencesamongorganismsindicatingco mmonancestry.**MechanismsofEvolution**:Explorationofprocessesthatdriveevolutionarychange:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantageoustraits.**GeneticDrift**: Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:Sourceofnewgeneticvariation.**ModernSynthesisofEvolutionaryTh eory**:IntegrationofDarwinianevolutionwithgenetics(populationgenetics),explaininghowgeneticvariationandnaturalselectionshapeevolutionarypatterns.**PatternsandRatesofEvolution**:Examinationofevolutio narypatterns,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofformsinresponsetodifferentenvironmentalniches.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartr aitsindifferentlineages.**PunctuatedEquilibrium**:Periodsofrapidevolutionarychangefollowedbylongperiodsofstability.**HumanEvolution**:Overviewofhumanevolution,includingfossilevidence(e.g.,Australopit hecus,Homospecies)andgeneticstudiesrevealingrelationshipsamongmodernhumanpopulations.**EvolutionaryMechanismsandAdaptation**:Discussiononhowevolutionarymechanisms(naturalselection,genet icdrift)contributetoadaptationoforganismstotheirenvironments.**EvolutionandSpeciation**:Explanationofspeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingallopatric,sympatric,andparapatricspeciatio n.**EmergingTopicsinEvolutionaryBiology**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinevolutionarybiology,suchasevolutionarydevelopmentalbiology(evodevo),molecularevolution,andthestudyofevolutionaryprocessesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDarwinandevo lution,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciples,mechanisms,andevidencesupportingevolutionarytheory.Chapter14providesacomprehensiveexplorationofevolutionarytheory,Darwin'scontributions,andthemech anismsthatdriveevolutionarychange.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofgeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintoecology,biodiversity,andevolutionarybiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersoft hetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter14,feelfreetoask!Chapter15:EvolutiononaSmallScaleChapter15of"Essentialso fBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaSmallScale,"typicallyfocusesonevolutionaryprocessesthatoccurwithinpopulationsandspecies.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthis chapter:**IntroductiontoMicroevolution**:Definitionofmicroevolutionasevolutionarychangeoccurringwithinpopulationsoverrelativelyshortperiodsoftime.**PopulationGenetics**:Overviewofpopulationgenetics,w hichstudiesthedistributionandchangeofallelefrequenciesinpopulations:**GenePool**:Totalcollectionofallelesinapopulation.**Hardy-WeinbergPrinciple**:Mathematicalmodeldescribingallelefrequenciesinanonevolvingpopulation.**FactorsInfluencingMicroevolution**:Discussiononthemechanismsthatdrivemicroevolutionarychanges:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantage oustraits.**GeneticDrift**:Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesduetochanceevents,morepronouncedinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:So urceofnewgeneticvariation.**TypesofNaturalSelection**:Explorationofdifferenttypesofnaturalselection:**StabilizingSelection**:Selectionagainstextremes,favoringintermediatephenotypes.**DirectionalSelectio n**:Shifttowardoneextremephenotypeinresponsetoenvironmentalchange.**DisruptiveSelection**:Selectionfavoringbothextremes,leadingtopolymorphism.**AdaptationandFitness**:Definitionofadaptationasthe processbywhichpopulationsbecomebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.Measurementoffitnessastherelativereproductivesuccessofindividualswithaparticulargenotype.**GeneticVariation andPolymorphism**:Explanationofgeneticvariationwithinpopulations,including:**PolygenicTraits**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**QuantitativeGenetics**:Studyofcomplextraitsinfluencedbymultiplegenesa ndenvironmentalfactors.**SpeciationandReproductiveIsolation**:Introductiontospeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingmechanismsofreproductiveisolation:**PrezygoticBarriers**:Prevent matingorfertilizationbetweenspecies.**PostzygoticBarriers**:Reduceviabilityorfertilityofhybridoffspring.**PatternsofMicroevolution**:Examinationofevolutionarypatternsobservedinnaturalpopulations,including: **SelectivePressures**:Environmentalfactorsinfluencingadaptation.**PopulationBottlenecks**:Reductioninpopulationsizeleadingtogeneticdrift.**FounderEffect**:Geneticdriftinsmallfoundingpopulations.**Hu manImpactonMicroevolution**:Discussiononhowhumanactivities(e.g.,habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange)caninfluencemicroevolutionaryprocessesinnaturalpopulations.**EmergingTopicsinMicroevolu tion**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmicroevolutionarystudies,suchasevolutionaryresponsestorapidenvironmentalchangesandtheroleofepigeneticsinevolution.**SummaryandKeyCo ncepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomicroevolution,reinforcingunderstandingofthemechanismsandpatternsofevolutionarychangewithinpopulations.Chapter15providesacompr ehensiveexplorationofmicroevolutionaryprocesses,includingnaturalselection,geneticdrift,geneflow,andtheirrolesinshapinggeneticdiversityandadaptationwithinpopulations.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledge ofgeneticsandevolutionarytheory,preparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomacroevolution,ecologicalgenetics,andconservationbiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestio nsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter15,feelfreetoask!Chapter16:EvolutiononaLargeScaleChapter16of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichael Windelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaLargeScale,"typicallyexploresevolutionaryprocessesthatoccuroverlongertimescalesandacrosslargertaxonomicgroups.Here’sanovervi ewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**I ntroductiontoMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolutionasevolutionarypatternsandprocessesthatoccurabovethespecieslevel,leadingtothediversificationoflifeformsovergeologictimescales.**Speciation**:Det ailedexplorationofspeciation,theprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise:**AllopatricSpeciation**:Geographicisolationleadingtoreproductiveisolation.**SympatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringwithinthesamegeog raphicareaduetofactorslikepolyploidyorhabitatdifferentiation.**ParapatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringinadjacentbutdifferenthabitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajorpatternsandtrendso bservedinthefossilrecordandbiologicaldiversity:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofecologicalniches.**ExtinctionEvents**:Massextinctionsandtheirimpactonbiodiversit y.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartraitsinunrelatedlineages.**EvolutionaryTrends**:Analysisofevolutionarytrendsobservedinvarioustaxonomicgroups:**Coevolution**:Reciprocalevoluti

Page 603

onarychangesbetweeninteractingspecies(e.g.,predator-prey,host-parasite).**EvolutionaryDevelopmentalBiology(Evodevo)**:Studyofhowchangesindevelopmentalprocessescontributetoevolutionarychange.**EvolutionofComplexity**:Emergenceofcomplextraitsandbiologicalstructuresoverevolutionarytime.**Biogeography**:E xplorationofthedistributionofspeciesandhowhistoricalandecologicalfactorsinfluencepatternsofbiodiversity:**ContinentalDrift**:Movementofcontinentsanditsimpactonbiogeographicpatterns.**IslandBiogeograp hy**:Patternsofspeciesdiversityonislandsinfluencedbycolonizationandextinction.**EvolutionaryEcology**:Integrationofevolutionarybiologywithecologicalprinciples,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Ecologicalop portunitiesdrivingspeciation.**SpeciesInteractions**:Coevolutionaryrelationshipsandtheirecologicalandevolutionaryconsequences.**EvolutionaryDevelopment**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, hostparasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation scienc

12. Evaluate the integral.

Page 604

a.

b.

c.

d. e. None of these ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.13 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.01 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with no repeating factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:52 AM 13. Find the volume of the resulting solid if the region under the curve

from x = 0 to x = 1 is rotated about the x-axis. Round your answer to four decimal places.

ANSWER:

0.2868

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.66 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.01 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with no repeating factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 6:47 AM Page 605

14. Make a substitution to express the integrand as a rational function and then evaluate the integral.

Round the answer to four decimal places.

ANSWER:

–0.931

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.44 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.05 - Evaluate integrals of non-rational functions by expressing the integrand as a rational function using substitution and applying partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 6:49 AM 15. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.28 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.04 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of irreducible quadratic factors, with at least one repeated factor, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:53 AM 16. Find the integral.

Page 606

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.57 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.05 - Evaluate integrals of non-rational functions by expressing the integrand as a rational function using substitution and applying partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 8:11 AM 17. Find the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.19 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.03 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of irreducible quadratic factors, with no repeated factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 8:12 AM 18. Find the integral.

Page 607

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.30 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.04 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of irreducible quadratic factors, with at least one repeated factor, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:58 AM 19. A corporation is building a complex of homes, offices, stores, schools, and churches in a rural community.

As a result of this development, the planners have estimated that the community’s population (in thousands) t years from now will be given by .

What will the average population of the community be over the next 10 years?

ANSWER:

98,722

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.67 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.10 - Solve applied and mathematical problems using definite integrals.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/3/2020 7:49 AM 20. The region under the graph of Page 608

on the interval [1, 2] is revolved about the x-axis. Find the volume of the resulting solid.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.4.66a QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.01 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with no repeating factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.4 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 3:06 AM

21. Find the indefinite integral

.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: SCalcET7 5.4.11 SCalc7e 4.4.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.01 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with no repeating factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

Page 609

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal SCalcET7 Section 5.4 SCalc7e Section 4.4 7/20/2015 2:01 PM 2/5/2020 11:44 PM

1. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. 0 d. e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.5.66 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:29 AM 2. Evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

Page 610

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.5.71 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:25 AM 3. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.5.7 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.03 - Evaluate definite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:15 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:27 AM 4. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

Page 611

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.5.14 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.01 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 − x2 using trigonometric substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:28 AM 5. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.5.24 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using integration by parts.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:30 AM 6. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.5.56 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

OTHER: Numerical Response Page 612

NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Section 7.5 7/20/2015 2:16 PM 2/4/2020 1:33 AM

7. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.5.71 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.01 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of linear factors, with no repeating factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.5 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:35 AM 8. Evaluate the integral.

a. 112 b. c. 3 d. -10 e. -112 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.01 - Evaluate definite integrals using properties of definite integrals.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:36 AM 9. Evaluate the integral.

Page 613

a.

b.

c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:39 AM 10. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. 0 d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.04 - Evaluate definite integrals using integration by parts.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:41 AM 11. Evaluate the integral.

Page 614

a. b.

c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.04.03 - Evaluate integrals of rational functions with denominators containing products of irreducible quadratic factors, with no repeated factors, using partial fraction decomposition.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:44 AM 12. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.03.02 - Evaluate integrals containing radicals of the form a2 + x2 using trigonometric substitution.

Page 615

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

3/24/2016 11:17 AM 2/4/2020 1:47 AM

13. Evaluate the integral.

a. 0 b. 1 c. d. e. 3 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.04 - Find definite and indefinite integrals using the properties of even and odd functions.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:49 AM 14. Evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: POINTS:

a 1 Page 616

QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.01.03 - Evaluate indefinite integrals using integration by parts.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 3:59 AM 15. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.04.02 - Find general indefinite integrals using u-substitution.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 1:58 AM

1. Use the Table of Integrals to evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c.

Page 617

d.

e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.6.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 6:15 AM 2. Use a table of integrals to evaluate the integral.

a.

b. c.

d.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.6.30 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM Page 618

DATE MODIFIED:

2/4/2020 1:03 AM

3. Use the Table of Integrals to evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c. d.

e.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.6.30 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 7:52 AM 4. Use a table of integrals to evaluate the integral.

a.

b. c.

Page 619

d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.6.6 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 6:28 AM 5. Use a table of integrals to evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.6.12 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:19 AM Page 620

6. The region under the curve

is rotated about the x-axis. Find the volume of the resulting solid.

a.

b. c. d.

e.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.6.33 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.01 - Find the volume of a solid with a horizontal axis of revolution using the shell method.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 7:49 AM 7. Use the Table of Integrals to evaluate the integral to three decimal places.

ANSWER:

0.016

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.6.45a QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 6:29 AM 8. Use the Table of Integrals to evaluate the integral.

Page 621

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.6.31 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:25 AM 9. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.6.40 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.08 - Evaluate definite integrals using technology.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:31 AM 10. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

1 Medium 7.6.3 Subjective Short Answer True Page 622

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.6 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 7:54 AM CausesofMutations**:Overviewofspontaneousmutations(arisingfromerrorsinDNAreplicationorrepair)andinducedmutations(causedbymutagens).**ConsequencesofMutations**:Impactofmutationsonproteinstru ctureandfunction:**SilentMutations**:Nochangeinaminoacidsequence.**MissenseMutations**:Changeinoneaminoacid.**NonsenseMutations**:Prematureterminationofproteinsynthesis.**FrameshiftMutations **:Insertionordeletionofnucleotides,leadingtoashiftinthereadingframe.**GeneticTesting**:DefinitionofgenetictestingastheanalysisofDNA,RNA,orchromosomestodetectgeneticvariationsassociatedwithinherited disordersorpredispositionstodiseases.**TypesofGeneticTesting**:Overviewofdifferentmethodsusedingenetictesting:**DiagnosticTesting**:Identificationofaspecificgeneticconditioninanindividual.**CarrierTesti ng**:Identificationofindividualscarryingrecessiveallelesforgeneticdisorders.**PredictiveandPresymptomaticTesting**:Assessmentofriskfordevelopinggeneticconditionslaterinlife.**PrenatalTesting**:Screeningf orgeneticdisordersinfetusesduringpregnancy.**NewbornScreening**:Testingforgeneticdisordersshortlyafterbirth.**EthicalandSocialIssuesinGeneticTesting**:Discussiononethicalconsiderationsrelatedtogenet ictesting,includingprivacy,confidentiality,informedconsent,andimplicationsforindividualsandfamilies.**GeneticCounseling**:Roleofgeneticcounselorsininterpretinggenetictestresults,providinginformation,ands upportingdecisionmakingregardinggenetictestingandfamilyplanning.**GeneticDisordersandPublicHealth**:Impactofgenetictestingonpublichealthinitiatives,diseaseprevention,andmanagementofgeneticdisorders.**EmergingTe chnologiesinGeneticTesting**:Introductiontoadvancesingenetictestingtechnologies,suchasnext-generationsequencing(NGS),wholeexomesequencing(WES),anddirect-toconsumergenetictesting.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomutationsandgenetictesting,reinforcingunderstandingofthecauses,consequences,applicat ions,andethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithgeneticvariationandtesting.Chapter13providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmutations,genetictestingtechnologies,andtheirimplicationsindiagnosing,preventing,a ndmanaginggeneticdisorders.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofmoleculargeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintopersonalizedmedicine,geneticcounseling,andethicalissuesingeneticscove redinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter13,feelfreetoask!Chapter14Chapter14of"Essentia lsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"DarwinandEvolution,"typicallyexplorestheprinciplesofevolution,itsmechanisms,andthecontributionsofCharlesDarwintoevolutionarytheory.Here’sano verviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEvolution**:Definitionofevolutionastheprocessofchangeovertimeinpopulationsoforganisms,leadingtothediversityoflifeonEarth.**Darwin'sContributions** :OverviewofCharlesDarwin'sobservationsandinsightsthatledtothedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection:**VoyageoftheBeagle**:Darwin'stravelsandobservationsofbiodiversityandgeologicalfor mations.**NaturalSelection**:MechanismproposedbyDarwintoexplainhowevolutionoccursthroughdifferentialsurvivalandreproductionoforganismswithadvantageoustraits.**EvidenceforEvolution**:Examinatio nofvariouslinesofevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution:**FossilRecord**:Transitionalformsandpatternsofspecieschangeovertime.**Biogeography**:Distributionofspeciesandsimilaritiesamongorganismsond ifferentcontinents.**ComparativeAnatomy**:Homologousstructuresandvestigialorgansamongdifferentspecies.**MolecularBiology**:SimilaritiesinDNA,RNA,andproteinsequencesamongorganismsindicatingco mmonancestry.**MechanismsofEvolution**:Explorationofprocessesthatdriveevolutionarychange:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantageoustraits.**GeneticDrift**: Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:Sourceofnewgeneticvariation.**ModernSynthesisofEvolutionaryTh eory**:IntegrationofDarwinianevolutionwithgenetics(populationgenetics),explaininghowgeneticvariationandnaturalselectionshapeevolutionarypatterns.**PatternsandRatesofEvolution**:Examinationofevolutio narypatterns,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofformsinresponsetodifferentenvironmentalniches.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartr aitsindifferentlineages.**PunctuatedEquilibrium**:Periodsofrapidevolutionarychangefollowedbylongperiodsofstability.**HumanEvolution**:Overviewofhumanevolution,includingfossilevidence(e.g.,Australopit hecus,Homospecies)andgeneticstudiesrevealingrelationshipsamongmodernhumanpopulations.**EvolutionaryMechanismsandAdaptation**:Discussiononhowevolutionarymechanisms(naturalselection,genet icdrift)contributetoadaptationoforganismstotheirenvironments.**EvolutionandSpeciation**:Explanationofspeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingallopatric,sympatric,andparapatricspeciatio n.**EmergingTopicsinEvolutionaryBiology**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinevolutionarybiology,suchasevolutionarydevelopmentalbiology(evodevo),molecularevolution,andthestudyofevolutionaryprocessesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDarwinandevo lution,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciples,mechanisms,andevidencesupportingevolutionarytheory.Chapter14providesacomprehensiveexplorationofevolutionarytheory,Darwin'scontributions,andthemech anismsthatdriveevolutionarychange.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofgeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintoecology,biodiversity,andevolutionarybiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersoft hetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter14,feelfreetoask!Chapter15:EvolutiononaSmallScaleChapter15of"Essentialso fBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaSmallScale,"typicallyfocusesonevolutionaryprocessesthatoccurwithinpopulationsandspecies.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthis chapter:**IntroductiontoMicroevolution**:Definitionofmicroevolutionasevolutionarychangeoccurringwithinpopulationsoverrelativelyshortperiodsoftime.**PopulationGenetics**:Overviewofpopulationgenetics,w hichstudiesthedistributionandchangeofallelefrequenciesinpopulations:**GenePool**:Totalcollectionofallelesinapopulation.**Hardy-WeinbergPrinciple**:Mathematicalmodeldescribingallelefrequenciesinanonevolvingpopulation.**FactorsInfluencingMicroevolution**:Discussiononthemechanismsthatdrivemicroevolutionarychanges:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantage oustraits.**GeneticDrift**:Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesduetochanceevents,morepronouncedinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:So urceofnewgeneticvariation.**TypesofNaturalSelection**:Explorationofdifferenttypesofnaturalselection:**StabilizingSelection**:Selectionagainstextremes,favoringintermediatephenotypes.**DirectionalSelectio n**:Shifttowardoneextremephenotypeinresponsetoenvironmentalchange.**DisruptiveSelection**:Selectionfavoringbothextremes,leadingtopolymorphism.**AdaptationandFitness**:Definitionofadaptationasthe processbywhichpopulationsbecomebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.Measurementoffitnessastherelativereproductivesuccessofindividualswithaparticulargenotype.**GeneticVariation andPolymorphism**:Explanationofgeneticvariationwithinpopulations,including:**PolygenicTraits**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**QuantitativeGenetics**:Studyofcomplextraitsinfluencedbymultiplegenesa ndenvironmentalfactors.**SpeciationandReproductiveIsolation**:Introductiontospeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingmechanismsofreproductiveisolation:**PrezygoticBarriers**:Prevent matingorfertilizationbetweenspecies.**PostzygoticBarriers**:Reduceviabilityorfertilityofhybridoffspring.**PatternsofMicroevolution**:Examinationofevolutionarypatternsobservedinnaturalpopulations,including: **SelectivePressures**:Environmentalfactorsinfluencingadaptation.**PopulationBottlenecks**:Reductioninpopulationsizeleadingtogeneticdrift.**FounderEffect**:Geneticdriftinsmallfoundingpopulations.**Hu manImpactonMicroevolution**:Discussiononhowhumanactivities(e.g.,habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange)caninfluencemicroevolutionaryprocessesinnaturalpopulations.**EmergingTopicsinMicroevolu tion**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmicroevolutionarystudies,suchasevolutionaryresponsestorapidenvironmentalchangesandtheroleofepigeneticsinevolution.**SummaryandKeyCo ncepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomicroevolution,reinforcingunderstandingofthemechanismsandpatternsofevolutionarychangewithinpopulations.Chapter15providesacompr ehensiveexplorationofmicroevolutionaryprocesses,includingnaturalselection,geneticdrift,geneflow,andtheirrolesinshapinggeneticdiversityandadaptationwithinpopulations.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledge ofgeneticsandevolutionarytheory,preparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomacroevolution,ecologicalgenetics,andconservationbiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestio nsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter15,feelfreetoask!Chapter16:EvolutiononaLargeScaleChapter16of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichael Windelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaLargeScale,"typicallyexploresevolutionaryprocessesthatoccuroverlongertimescalesandacrosslargertaxonomicgroups.Here’sanovervi ewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**I ntroductiontoMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolutionasevolutionarypatternsandprocessesthatoccurabovethespecieslevel,leadingtothediversificationoflifeformsovergeologictimescales.**Speciation**:Det ailedexplorationofspeciation,theprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise:**AllopatricSpeciation**:Geographicisolationleadingtoreproductiveisolation.**SympatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringwithinthesamegeog raphicareaduetofactorslikepolyploidyorhabitatdifferentiation.**ParapatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringinadjacentbutdifferenthabitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajorpatternsandtrendso bservedinthefossilrecordandbiologicaldiversity:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofecologicalniches.**ExtinctionEvents**:Massextinctionsandtheirimpactonbiodiversit y.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartraitsinunrelatedlineages.**EvolutionaryTrends**:Analysisofevolutionarytrendsobservedinvarioustaxonomicgroups:**Coevolution**:Reciprocalevoluti onarychangesbetweeninteractingspecies(e.g.,predator-prey,host-parasite).**EvolutionaryDevelopmentalBiology(Evodevo)**:Studyofhowchangesindevelopmentalprocessescontributetoevolutionarychange.**EvolutionofComplexity**:Emergenceofcomplextraitsandbiologicalstructuresoverevolutionarytime.**Biogeography**:E xplorationofthedistributionofspeciesandhowhistoricalandecologicalfactorsinfluencepatternsofbiodiversity:**ContinentalDrift**:Movementofcontinentsanditsimpactonbiogeographicpatterns.**IslandBiogeograp hy**:Patternsofspeciesdiversityonislandsinfluencedbycolonizationandextinction.**EvolutionaryEcology**:Integrationofevolutionarybiologywithecologicalprinciples,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Ecologicalop portunitiesdrivingspeciation.**SpeciesInteractions**:Coevolutionaryrelationshipsandtheirecologicalandevolutionaryconsequences.**EvolutionaryDevelopment**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, hostparasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis

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chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation scienc

11. Use the Table of Integrals to evaluate the integral.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

Page 624

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3/24/2016 10:28 AM 2/4/2020 2:44 AM

12. Use the table of integrals to evaluate the integral.

a.

b. c. d.

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 10:40 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 2:55 AM 13. Use the table of integrals to evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER:

a Page 625

POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 10:57 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 5:10 AM 14. Use the table of integrals to evaluate the integral.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.01 - Evaluate integrals of functions using integration tables.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:11 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 3:46 AM 15. Find the volume of the solid obtained when the region under the curve

, is rotated about

the y-axis. a.

b.

c.

d.

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e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.02.03 - Find the volume of a solid of revolution using either the shell method or the disk method.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:20 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 7:57 AM

1. Use the Trapezoidal Rule to approximate the integral with answers rounded to four decimal places.

a. 0.2029 b. 0.1088 c. 0.1163 d. 0.2326 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.7.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.03 - Approximate definite integrals using the Trapezoidal Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:32 AM 2. Use Simpson’s Rule to approximate the integral with answers rounded to four decimal places.

a. 4.0879 b. 5.7208 c. 5.1613 d. 4.6170 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

d 1 Medium Page 627

REFERENCES: 7.7.17 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.02 - Approximate definite integrals using Simpson’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:34 AM 3. Use Simpson’s Rule to approximate the integral with answers rounded to four decimal places.

a. 4.0689 b. 3.3296 c. 2.9599 d. 3.6993 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.7.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.02 - Approximate definite integrals using Simpson’s Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:37 AM 4. Use the Midpoint Rule to approximate the given integral with the specified value of n. Compare your result to

the actual value. Find the error in the approximation.

a. –0.00008 b. 0.60004 c. 0.00032 d. 1.00032 e. –0.00096 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

c 1 Medium Page 628

REFERENCES: 7.7.6 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.02 - Approximate definite integrals using the Midpoint Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 6:01 AM 5. Use the Trapezoidal Rule to approximate the integral with answers rounded to four decimal places.

a. 0.8528 b. 0.9842 c. 0.4921 d. 0.4695 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.7.9 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.03 - Approximate definite integrals using the Trapezoidal Rule.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:41 AM 6. Estimate the area of the shaded region by using the Trapezoidal Rule with n = 6. Round the answer to the

nearest tenth.

Page 629

ANSWER:

19.8

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.7.29 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.03 - Approximate definite integrals using the Trapezoidal Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 2:33 AM

7. Use the Trapezoidal Rule to approximate ANSWER:

for

. Round the result to four decimal places.

7.879

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.7.17 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.03 - Approximate definite integrals using the Trapezoidal Rule.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:43 AM 8. Use (a) the Trapezoidal Rule and (b) Simpson’s Rule to approximate the integral to four decimal

places. Compare your results with the exact value.

ANSWER:

a. 9.4806 b. 10.0228 Exact value: 10

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.7.10 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.03 - Approximate definite integrals using the Trapezoidal Rule.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.7 Page 630

DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

7/20/2015 2:16 PM 2/4/2020 7:44 AM

9. Eight milligrams of a dye are injected into a vein leading the an individual’s heart. The concentration of dye

in the aorta (in milligrams per liter) measured at 2-sec intervals is shown in the accompanying table. Use Simpson’s Rule with n = 12 and the formula

to estimate the person’s cardiac output, where D is the quantity of dye injected in milligrams, C(t)is the concentration of the dye in the aorta, and R is measured in liters per minute. Round to one decimal place. t C(t)

0 0

2 0

4 2.6

ANSWER:

6 8 10 12 6.1 9.9 7.6 4.9 6.5 liters per minute

14 3.4

16 1.7

18 1

20 0.2

22 0.1

24 0

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.7.40 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.02 - Approximate definite integrals using Simpson’s Rule.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:47 AM 10. Find a bound on the error in approximating the integral using (a) the Trapezoidal Rule and (b) Simpson’s

Rule with n subintervals.

ANSWER:

a. b. 0 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.7.19b QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.03 - Approximate definite integrals using the Trapezoidal Rule.

Page 631

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer Section 7.7 7/20/2015 2:16 PM 2/6/2020 2:20 AM

11. Find a bound on the error in approximating the integral using (a) the Trapezoidal Rule and (b) Simpson’s

Rule with n subintervals.

ANSWER:

a. b.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.7.6 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.03 - Approximate definite integrals using the Trapezoidal Rule.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/6/2020 2:36 AM

12. Find a bound on the error in approximating the integral

Simpson’s Rule with ANSWER:

using (a) the Trapezoidal Rule and (b)

subintervals. a. 6.08, b. 1.97

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.7.5 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.03 - Approximate definite integrals using the Trapezoidal Rule.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.7 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:16 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:56 AM Page 632

13. Use the Midpoint Rule to approximate the given interval with the specified value of n. Round your answer

to four decimal places.

a. 6.6700 b. 8.4091 c. 5.1697 d. 8.3611 e. 5.4179 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.02 - Approximate definite integrals using the Midpoint Rule.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:27 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 7:57 AM 14. Use the Midpoint Rule to approximate the given interval with the specified value of n. Round your answer

to four decimal places.

a. 0.0973 b. 0.2925 c. 0.2204 d. 0.2444 e. 0.2003 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.03.02 - Approximate definite integrals using the Midpoint Rule.

DATE CREATED: 3/24/2016 11:37 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 8:00 AM

15. The region bounded by the curve

Simpson’s Rule with

, the x-axis, and the line

is rotated about the x-axis. Use

to estimate the volume of the resulting solid.

a. 0.0831 b. 0.8537 c. 0.2633 Page 633

d. 0.9047 e. 0.1392 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.05.02 - Approximate definite integrals using Simpson’s Rule.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 7:20 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 8:18 AM

1. Evaluate the integral or show that it is divergent.

a.

b.

c.

d. e. divergent ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.03 - Evaluate convergent improper integrals with infinite limits of integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:18 PM 2. Find the area bounded by the curves

between

.

a.

Page 634

b. 4 c.

d.

e. none of these ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.3 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:23 PM 3. Determine whether the improper integral converges or diverges, and if it converges, find its value.

a. Diverges b.

c.

d. 0 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.31 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.02 - Determine if improper integrals with infinite limits of integration converge or diverge.

Page 635

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Bimodal Section 7.8 7/20/2015 2:17 PM 2/5/2020 11:55 PM

4. Determine whether the improper integral converges or diverges, and if it converges, find its value.

a. 0 b. 5 c. 10 d. Diverges ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.36 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.02 - Determine if improper integrals with infinite limits of integration converge or diverge.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:25 PM 5. Determine whether the improper integral converges or diverges, and if it converges, find its value.

a. –15 b.

c. Diverges d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES:

b 1 Medium 7.8.33 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) True Page 636

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.04 - Determine if improper integrals with infinite discontinuities at or between the limits of integration converge or diverge.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:26 PM 6. Determine whether the improper integral converges or diverges, and if it converges, find its value.

a. 12 b. 0 c. 6 d. Diverges ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.02 - Determine if improper integrals with infinite limits of integration converge or diverge.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:27 PM 7. A manufacturer of light bulbs wants to produce bulbs that last about 500 hours but, of course, some bulbs

burn out faster than others. Let F(t) be the fraction of the company's bulbs that burn out before t hours. F(t) lies between 0 and 1.

Let

. What is the value of

?

a.

b.

c.

Page 637

d.

e. divergent ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.67 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.03 - Evaluate convergent improper integrals with infinite limits of integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:29 PM 8. The region

is represented below.

Find the area of this region to two decimal places.

a. 25.32 b. 17.89 c. 16.08 d. 15.89 e. 15.87 ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

a 1 Medium 7.8.41 Page 638

QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.04.05.04 - Find the area of the region bounded by two or more curves using definite integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/1/2021 12:23 PM 9. Determine whether the improper integral converges or diverges, and if it converges, find its value.

a.

b. c.

d. Diverges ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.24 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.02 - Determine if improper integrals with infinite limits of integration converge or diverge.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:32 PM 10. Evaluate the integral.

a.

Page 639

b.

c.

d.

e. divergent ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.18 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.03 - Evaluate convergent improper integrals with infinite limits of integration.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:35 PM 11. Let a and b be real numbers. What integral must appear in place of the question mark ”?” to make the

following statement true?

a.

b.

c.

d.

e. none of these ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

c 1 Medium Page 640

REFERENCES: 7.8.74 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.01 - Describe improper integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:38 PM 12. Evaluate the integral.

a. b. 4 c. d. e. divergent ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.25 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.02 - Determine if improper integrals with infinite limits of integration converge or diverge.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 8:44 AM 13. For what values of K is the following integral improper?

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Medium Page 641

REFERENCES: 7.8.2c QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.01 - Describe improper integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:46 PM 14. Evaluate the integral if it is convergent.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.9 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.03 - Evaluate convergent improper integrals with infinite limits of integration.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:46 PM 15. Evaluate the integral or show that it is divergent.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.21 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.03 - Evaluate convergent improper integrals with infinite limits of integration.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM Page 642

DATE MODIFIED:

2/5/2020 11:49 PM

16. Evaluate the integral.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.18 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.03 - Evaluate convergent improper integrals with infinite limits of integration.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:50 PM 17. Determine whether the integral converges or diverges. If it converges, find its value.

divergent ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.25 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.02 - Determine if improper integrals with infinite limits of integration converge or diverge.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:52 PM 18. Determine whether the improper integral converges or diverges, and if it converges, find its value.

ANSWER: Page 643

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.11 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.04 - Determine if improper integrals with infinite discontinuities at or between the limits of integration converge or diverge.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/4/2020 11:51 PM 19. Determine whether the improper integral converges or diverges, and if it converges, find its value.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 7.8.6 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.02 - Determine if improper integrals with infinite limits of integration converge or diverge.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 7.8 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/5/2020 11:53 PM 20. Use the Comparison Theorem to determine whether the integral is convergent or divergent.

a.

divergent, because b.

convergent, because c.

divergent, because d.

convergent, because Page 644

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.06 - Show that an improper integral is convergent or divergent using the Comparison Test for improper integrals.

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 11:25 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/1/2021 12:34 PM 21. Use the Comparison Theorem to determine whether the integral is convergent or divergent.

a.

convergent, because

and

is convergent.

divergent, because

and

is divergent.

convergent, because

and

is convergent.

divergent, because

and

is divergent.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.06 - Show that an improper integral is convergent or divergent using the Comparison Test for improper integrals.

DATE CREATED: 1/26/2021 12:51 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/1/2021 12:39 PM 22. Use the Comparison Theorem to determine whether the integral is convergent or divergent.

a.

convergent, because

and

is convergent.

divergent, because

and

is divergent.

b.

Page 645

c.

convergent, because

and

is divergent.

divergent, because

and

is convergent.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.06.06.06 - Show that an improper integral is convergent or divergent using the Comparison Test for improper integrals.

DATE CREATED: 1/26/2021 1:35 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/1/2021 12:49 PM CausesofMutations**:Overviewofspontaneousmutations(arisingfromerrorsinDNAreplicationorrepair)andinducedmutations(causedbymutagens).**ConsequencesofMutations**:Impactofmutationsonproteinstru ctureandfunction:**SilentMutations**:Nochangeinaminoacidsequence.**MissenseMutations**:Changeinoneaminoacid.**NonsenseMutations**:Prematureterminationofproteinsynthesis.**FrameshiftMutations **:Insertionordeletionofnucleotides,leadingtoashiftinthereadingframe.**GeneticTesting**:DefinitionofgenetictestingastheanalysisofDNA,RNA,orchromosomestodetectgeneticvariationsassociatedwithinherited disordersorpredispositionstodiseases.**TypesofGeneticTesting**:Overviewofdifferentmethodsusedingenetictesting:**DiagnosticTesting**:Identificationofaspecificgeneticconditioninanindividual.**CarrierTesti ng**:Identificationofindividualscarryingrecessiveallelesforgeneticdisorders.**PredictiveandPresymptomaticTesting**:Assessmentofriskfordevelopinggeneticconditionslaterinlife.**PrenatalTesting**:Screeningf orgeneticdisordersinfetusesduringpregnancy.**NewbornScreening**:Testingforgeneticdisordersshortlyafterbirth.**EthicalandSocialIssuesinGeneticTesting**:Discussiononethicalconsiderationsrelatedtogenet ictesting,includingprivacy,confidentiality,informedconsent,andimplicationsforindividualsandfamilies.**GeneticCounseling**:Roleofgeneticcounselorsininterpretinggenetictestresults,providinginformation,ands upportingdecisionmakingregardinggenetictestingandfamilyplanning.**GeneticDisordersandPublicHealth**:Impactofgenetictestingonpublichealthinitiatives,diseaseprevention,andmanagementofgeneticdisorders.**EmergingTe chnologiesinGeneticTesting**:Introductiontoadvancesingenetictestingtechnologies,suchasnext-generationsequencing(NGS),wholeexomesequencing(WES),anddirect-toconsumergenetictesting.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomutationsandgenetictesting,reinforcingunderstandingofthecauses,consequences,applicat ions,andethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithgeneticvariationandtesting.Chapter13providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmutations,genetictestingtechnologies,andtheirimplicationsindiagnosing,preventing,a ndmanaginggeneticdisorders.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofmoleculargeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintopersonalizedmedicine,geneticcounseling,andethicalissuesingeneticscove redinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter13,feelfreetoask!Chapter14Chapter14of"Essentia lsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"DarwinandEvolution,"typicallyexplorestheprinciplesofevolution,itsmechanisms,andthecontributionsofCharlesDarwintoevolutionarytheory.Here’sano verviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEvolution**:Definitionofevolutionastheprocessofchangeovertimeinpopulationsoforganisms,leadingtothediversityoflifeonEarth.**Darwin'sContributions** :OverviewofCharlesDarwin'sobservationsandinsightsthatledtothedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection:**VoyageoftheBeagle**:Darwin'stravelsandobservationsofbiodiversityandgeologicalfor mations.**NaturalSelection**:MechanismproposedbyDarwintoexplainhowevolutionoccursthroughdifferentialsurvivalandreproductionoforganismswithadvantageoustraits.**EvidenceforEvolution**:Examinatio nofvariouslinesofevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution:**FossilRecord**:Transitionalformsandpatternsofspecieschangeovertime.**Biogeography**:Distributionofspeciesandsimilaritiesamongorganismsond ifferentcontinents.**ComparativeAnatomy**:Homologousstructuresandvestigialorgansamongdifferentspecies.**MolecularBiology**:SimilaritiesinDNA,RNA,andproteinsequencesamongorganismsindicatingco mmonancestry.**MechanismsofEvolution**:Explorationofprocessesthatdriveevolutionarychange:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantageoustraits.**GeneticDrift**: Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:Sourceofnewgeneticvariation.**ModernSynthesisofEvolutionaryTh eory**:IntegrationofDarwinianevolutionwithgenetics(populationgenetics),explaininghowgeneticvariationandnaturalselectionshapeevolutionarypatterns.**PatternsandRatesofEvolution**:Examinationofevolutio narypatterns,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofformsinresponsetodifferentenvironmentalniches.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartr aitsindifferentlineages.**PunctuatedEquilibrium**:Periodsofrapidevolutionarychangefollowedbylongperiodsofstability.**HumanEvolution**:Overviewofhumanevolution,includingfossilevidence(e.g.,Australopit hecus,Homospecies)andgeneticstudiesrevealingrelationshipsamongmodernhumanpopulations.**EvolutionaryMechanismsandAdaptation**:Discussiononhowevolutionarymechanisms(naturalselection,genet icdrift)contributetoadaptationoforganismstotheirenvironments.**EvolutionandSpeciation**:Explanationofspeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingallopatric,sympatric,andparapatricspeciatio n.**EmergingTopicsinEvolutionaryBiology**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinevolutionarybiology,suchasevolutionarydevelopmentalbiology(evodevo),molecularevolution,andthestudyofevolutionaryprocessesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDarwinandevo lution,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciples,mechanisms,andevidencesupportingevolutionarytheory.Chapter14providesacomprehensiveexplorationofevolutionarytheory,Darwin'scontributions,andthemech anismsthatdriveevolutionarychange.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofgeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintoecology,biodiversity,andevolutionarybiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersoft hetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter14,feelfreetoask!Chapter15:EvolutiononaSmallScaleChapter15of"Essentialso fBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaSmallScale,"typicallyfocusesonevolutionaryprocessesthatoccurwithinpopulationsandspecies.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthis chapter:**IntroductiontoMicroevolution**:Definitionofmicroevolutionasevolutionarychangeoccurringwithinpopulationsoverrelativelyshortperiodsoftime.**PopulationGenetics**:Overviewofpopulationgenetics,w hichstudiesthedistributionandchangeofallelefrequenciesinpopulations:**GenePool**:Totalcollectionofallelesinapopulation.**Hardy-WeinbergPrinciple**:Mathematicalmodeldescribingallelefrequenciesinanonevolvingpopulation.**FactorsInfluencingMicroevolution**:Discussiononthemechanismsthatdrivemicroevolutionarychanges:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantage oustraits.**GeneticDrift**:Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesduetochanceevents,morepronouncedinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:So urceofnewgeneticvariation.**TypesofNaturalSelection**:Explorationofdifferenttypesofnaturalselection:**StabilizingSelection**:Selectionagainstextremes,favoringintermediatephenotypes.**DirectionalSelectio n**:Shifttowardoneextremephenotypeinresponsetoenvironmentalchange.**DisruptiveSelection**:Selectionfavoringbothextremes,leadingtopolymorphism.**AdaptationandFitness**:Definitionofadaptationasthe processbywhichpopulationsbecomebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.Measurementoffitnessastherelativereproductivesuccessofindividualswithaparticulargenotype.**GeneticVariation andPolymorphism**:Explanationofgeneticvariationwithinpopulations,including:**PolygenicTraits**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**QuantitativeGenetics**:Studyofcomplextraitsinfluencedbymultiplegenesa ndenvironmentalfactors.**SpeciationandReproductiveIsolation**:Introductiontospeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingmechanismsofreproductiveisolation:**PrezygoticBarriers**:Prevent matingorfertilizationbetweenspecies.**PostzygoticBarriers**:Reduceviabilityorfertilityofhybridoffspring.**PatternsofMicroevolution**:Examinationofevolutionarypatternsobservedinnaturalpopulations,including: **SelectivePressures**:Environmentalfactorsinfluencingadaptation.**PopulationBottlenecks**:Reductioninpopulationsizeleadingtogeneticdrift.**FounderEffect**:Geneticdriftinsmallfoundingpopulations.**Hu manImpactonMicroevolution**:Discussiononhowhumanactivities(e.g.,habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange)caninfluencemicroevolutionaryprocessesinnaturalpopulations.**EmergingTopicsinMicroevolu tion**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmicroevolutionarystudies,suchasevolutionaryresponsestorapidenvironmentalchangesandtheroleofepigeneticsinevolution.**SummaryandKeyCo ncepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomicroevolution,reinforcingunderstandingofthemechanismsandpatternsofevolutionarychangewithinpopulations.Chapter15providesacompr ehensiveexplorationofmicroevolutionaryprocesses,includingnaturalselection,geneticdrift,geneflow,andtheirrolesinshapinggeneticdiversityandadaptationwithinpopulations.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledge ofgeneticsandevolutionarytheory,preparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomacroevolution,ecologicalgenetics,andconservationbiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestio nsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter15,feelfreetoask!Chapter16:EvolutiononaLargeScaleChapter16of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichael Windelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaLargeScale,"typicallyexploresevolutionaryprocessesthatoccuroverlongertimescalesandacrosslargertaxonomicgroups.Here’sanovervi ewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**I ntroductiontoMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolutionasevolutionarypatternsandprocessesthatoccurabovethespecieslevel,leadingtothediversificationoflifeformsovergeologictimescales.**Speciation**:Det ailedexplorationofspeciation,theprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise:**AllopatricSpeciation**:Geographicisolationleadingtoreproductiveisolation.**SympatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringwithinthesamegeog raphicareaduetofactorslikepolyploidyorhabitatdifferentiation.**ParapatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringinadjacentbutdifferenthabitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajorpatternsandtrendso bservedinthefossilrecordandbiologicaldiversity:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofecologicalniches.**ExtinctionEvents**:Massextinctionsandtheirimpactonbiodiversit y.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartraitsinunrelatedlineages.**EvolutionaryTrends**:Analysisofevolutionarytrendsobservedinvarioustaxonomicgroups:**Coevolution**:Reciprocalevoluti onarychangesbetweeninteractingspecies(e.g.,predator-prey,host-parasite).**EvolutionaryDevelopmentalBiology(Evodevo)**:Studyofhowchangesindevelopmentalprocessescontributetoevolutionarychange.**EvolutionofComplexity**:Emergenceofcomplextraitsandbiologicalstructuresoverevolutionarytime.**Biogeography**:E xplorationofthedistributionofspeciesandhowhistoricalandecologicalfactorsinfluencepatternsofbiodiversity:**ContinentalDrift**:Movementofcontinentsanditsimpactonbiogeographicpatterns.**IslandBiogeograp hy**:Patternsofspeciesdiversityonislandsinfluencedbycolonizationandextinction.**EvolutionaryEcology**:Integrationofevolutionarybiologywithecologicalprinciples,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Ecologicalop portunitiesdrivingspeciation.**SpeciesInteractions**:Coevolutionaryrelationshipsandtheirecologicalandevolutionaryconsequences.**EvolutionaryDevelopment**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation

Page 646

occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, hostparasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation scienc

1. Find the length of the curve.

a. b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER:

e Page 647

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.12 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 12:16 AM 2. Find the length of the curve.

a. 4.6667 b. 3.3333 c. 2.6667 d. 3.6667 e. 4.3333 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 9:56 AM 3. Find the length of the curve for the interval

.

a. L = 170.5000 b. L = 127.8750 c. L = 146.1429 d. L = 204.6000 e. L = 0.0049 Page 648

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.41 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 9:21 AM 4. Find the length of the curve.

a. 78.24 b. 25.055 c. 13.05 d. 36.05 e. None of these ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.10 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/18/2020 1:31 AM 5. Use Simpson’s Rule with n = 6 to estimate the length of the curve Round your answer to six decimal places.

,

.

a. 6.987208 b. 6.947368 c. 6.972089 d. 6.947582 e. None of these Page 649

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.23 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 12:19 AM 6. Find the arc length of the graph from A to B.

a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE:

d 1 Medium 8.1.33 Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) Page 650

HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/20/2020 12:23 AM 7. Find the arc length of the graph of the given equation on the specified interval.

a. b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.2 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 12:22 AM 8. Use differentials to approximate the arc length of the graph of the equation from P to Q. Round answer to four decimal places.

2

y = x + 4; P (3, 13), Q (3.2, 14.24) a. 6.0828 b. 3.6497 c. 1.2166 d. 2.4331 Page 651

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.19 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM 9. Find the arc length function for the curve y = 18

with starting point P0(1, 18).

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.33 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.02 - Write a definite integral that represents the arc length of a curve on a given interval.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 9:55 AM 10. Find the length of the line segment joining the two given points by finding the equation of the line using Equation (2).

Then check your answer by using the distance formula.

(0, 0), (9, 6) Page 652

a. b. 15 c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.32c QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 12:26 AM 11. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the length of the curve.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.02 - Write a definite integral that represents the arc length of Page 653

OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

a curve on a given interval.

Bimodal Section 8.1 7/20/2015 2:18 PM 2/18/2020 1:32 AM

12. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral that represents the length of the curve.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.3 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.02 - Write a definite integral that represents the arc length of a curve on a given interval.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 12:35 AM 13. Find the length of the curve for the interval

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.17 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 9:46 AM 14. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the length of the curve.

Page 654

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.5 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.02 - Write a definite integral that represents the arc length of a curve on a given interval.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/12/2020 10:19 AM 15. A hawk flying at an altitude of 100 m accidentally drops its prey. The parabolic trajectory of the falling prey is described by the equation

until it hits the ground, where y is its height above the ground and x is the horizontal distance traveled in meters.

True or False?

The distance traveled by the prey from the time it is dropped until the time it hits the ground is approximately 103.5 m.

T ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.37 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.03 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving arc length.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 2:46 AM 16. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the length of the curve.

Page 655

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.6 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.02 - Write a definite integral that represents the arc length of a curve on a given interval.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 12:37 AM 17. Use the arc length formula to find the length of the curve.

ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.1 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 2:52 AM 18. A steady wind blows a kite due west. The kite's height above ground from horizontal position x = 0 to x = 80 ft is given by .

Find the distance traveled by the kite.

Give your answer rounded to two decimal places.

120.08 ft ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.36 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response Page 656

HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.03 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving arc length.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/10/2020 2:54 AM 19. Find the arc length of the graph of the given equation from P to Q. y = – x + 3; P (2, 1), Q (5, –2) ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.19 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 12:38 AM 20. For the following exercise, (a) plot the graph of the function f, (b) write an integral giving the arc length of the graph of the function over the indicated interval, and (c) find the arc length of the curve accurate to two decimal places.

ANSWER:

a.

Page 657

b. c. 4.81

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.1.21 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.01 - Calculate the arc length of a smooth curve on a given interval using integrals.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/21/2020 1:57 AM 21. Write an integral giving the arc length of the graph of the equation from P to Q. y=

,

,

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 8.1.22 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.02 - Write a definite integral that represents the arc length of a curve on a given interval.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 8.1 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:18 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/13/2020 12:43 AM

1. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve Page 658

about the x-axis on the interval

.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.4 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.04 - Write a definite integral that represents the area of a surface obtained by rotating a curve on a given interval about a specified axis.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 7:24 AM 2. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve about the

given axis. ; y-axis a.

b.

c.

d.

Page 659

e.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.3 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.04 - Write a definite integral that represents the area of a surface obtained by rotating a curve on a given interval about a specified axis.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 7:50 AM 3. Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve about the x-axis.

a. b. 46π c. 50π d. e. 48π ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.11 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.05 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a horizontal axis of revolution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 6:04 AM 4. Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve about the y-axis.

Page 660

a. b. c. d. e. None of these ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.16 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.06 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a vertical axis of revolution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 6:07 AM CausesofMutations**:Overviewofspontaneousmutations(arisingfromerrorsinDNAreplicationorrepair)andinducedmutations(causedbymutagens).**ConsequencesofMutations**:Impactofmutationsonproteinstru ctureandfunction:**SilentMutations**:Nochangeinaminoacidsequence.**MissenseMutations**:Changeinoneaminoacid.**NonsenseMutations**:Prematureterminationofproteinsynthesis.**FrameshiftMutations **:Insertionordeletionofnucleotides,leadingtoashiftinthereadingframe.**GeneticTesting**:DefinitionofgenetictestingastheanalysisofDNA,RNA,orchromosomestodetectgeneticvariationsassociatedwithinherited disordersorpredispositionstodiseases.**TypesofGeneticTesting**:Overviewofdifferentmethodsusedingenetictesting:**DiagnosticTesting**:Identificationofaspecificgeneticconditioninanindividual.**CarrierTesti ng**:Identificationofindividualscarryingrecessiveallelesforgeneticdisorders.**PredictiveandPresymptomaticTesting**:Assessmentofriskfordevelopinggeneticconditionslaterinlife.**PrenatalTesting**:Screeningf orgeneticdisordersinfetusesduringpregnancy.**NewbornScreening**:Testingforgeneticdisordersshortlyafterbirth.**EthicalandSocialIssuesinGeneticTesting**:Discussiononethicalconsiderationsrelatedtogenet ictesting,includingprivacy,confidentiality,informedconsent,andimplicationsforindividualsandfamilies.**GeneticCounseling**:Roleofgeneticcounselorsininterpretinggenetictestresults,providinginformation,ands upportingdecisionmakingregardinggenetictestingandfamilyplanning.**GeneticDisordersandPublicHealth**:Impactofgenetictestingonpublichealthinitiatives,diseaseprevention,andmanagementofgeneticdisorders.**EmergingTe chnologiesinGeneticTesting**:Introductiontoadvancesingenetictestingtechnologies,suchasnext-generationsequencing(NGS),wholeexomesequencing(WES),anddirect-toconsumergenetictesting.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomutationsandgenetictesting,reinforcingunderstandingofthecauses,consequences,applicat ions,andethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithgeneticvariationandtesting.Chapter13providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmutations,genetictestingtechnologies,andtheirimplicationsindiagnosing,preventing,a ndmanaginggeneticdisorders.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofmoleculargeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintopersonalizedmedicine,geneticcounseling,andethicalissuesingeneticscove redinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter13,feelfreetoask!Chapter14Chapter14of"Essentia lsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"DarwinandEvolution,"typicallyexplorestheprinciplesofevolution,itsmechanisms,andthecontributionsofCharlesDarwintoevolutionarytheory.Here’sano verviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEvolution**:Definitionofevolutionastheprocessofchangeovertimeinpopulationsoforganisms,leadingtothediversityoflifeonEarth.**Darwin'sContributions** :OverviewofCharlesDarwin'sobservationsandinsightsthatledtothedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection:**VoyageoftheBeagle**:Darwin'stravelsandobservationsofbiodiversityandgeologicalfor mations.**NaturalSelection**:MechanismproposedbyDarwintoexplainhowevolutionoccursthroughdifferentialsurvivalandreproductionoforganismswithadvantageoustraits.**EvidenceforEvolution**:Examinatio nofvariouslinesofevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution:**FossilRecord**:Transitionalformsandpatternsofspecieschangeovertime.**Biogeography**:Distributionofspeciesandsimilaritiesamongorganismsond ifferentcontinents.**ComparativeAnatomy**:Homologousstructuresandvestigialorgansamongdifferentspecies.**MolecularBiology**:SimilaritiesinDNA,RNA,andproteinsequencesamongorganismsindicatingco mmonancestry.**MechanismsofEvolution**:Explorationofprocessesthatdriveevolutionarychange:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantageoustraits.**GeneticDrift**: Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:Sourceofnewgeneticvariation.**ModernSynthesisofEvolutionaryTh eory**:IntegrationofDarwinianevolutionwithgenetics(populationgenetics),explaininghowgeneticvariationandnaturalselectionshapeevolutionarypatterns.**PatternsandRatesofEvolution**:Examinationofevolutio narypatterns,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofformsinresponsetodifferentenvironmentalniches.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartr aitsindifferentlineages.**PunctuatedEquilibrium**:Periodsofrapidevolutionarychangefollowedbylongperiodsofstability.**HumanEvolution**:Overviewofhumanevolution,includingfossilevidence(e.g.,Australopit hecus,Homospecies)andgeneticstudiesrevealingrelationshipsamongmodernhumanpopulations.**EvolutionaryMechanismsandAdaptation**:Discussiononhowevolutionarymechanisms(naturalselection,genet icdrift)contributetoadaptationoforganismstotheirenvironments.**EvolutionandSpeciation**:Explanationofspeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingallopatric,sympatric,andparapatricspeciatio n.**EmergingTopicsinEvolutionaryBiology**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinevolutionarybiology,suchasevolutionarydevelopmentalbiology(evodevo),molecularevolution,andthestudyofevolutionaryprocessesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDarwinandevo lution,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciples,mechanisms,andevidencesupportingevolutionarytheory.Chapter14providesacomprehensiveexplorationofevolutionarytheory,Darwin'scontributions,andthemech anismsthatdriveevolutionarychange.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofgeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintoecology,biodiversity,andevolutionarybiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersoft hetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter14,feelfreetoask!Chapter15:EvolutiononaSmallScaleChapter15of"Essentialso fBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaSmallScale,"typicallyfocusesonevolutionaryprocessesthatoccurwithinpopulationsandspecies.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthis chapter:**IntroductiontoMicroevolution**:Definitionofmicroevolutionasevolutionarychangeoccurringwithinpopulationsoverrelativelyshortperiodsoftime.**PopulationGenetics**:Overviewofpopulationgenetics,w hichstudiesthedistributionandchangeofallelefrequenciesinpopulations:**GenePool**:Totalcollectionofallelesinapopulation.**Hardy-WeinbergPrinciple**:Mathematicalmodeldescribingallelefrequenciesinanonevolvingpopulation.**FactorsInfluencingMicroevolution**:Discussiononthemechanismsthatdrivemicroevolutionarychanges:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantage oustraits.**GeneticDrift**:Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesduetochanceevents,morepronouncedinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:So urceofnewgeneticvariation.**TypesofNaturalSelection**:Explorationofdifferenttypesofnaturalselection:**StabilizingSelection**:Selectionagainstextremes,favoringintermediatephenotypes.**DirectionalSelectio n**:Shifttowardoneextremephenotypeinresponsetoenvironmentalchange.**DisruptiveSelection**:Selectionfavoringbothextremes,leadingtopolymorphism.**AdaptationandFitness**:Definitionofadaptationasthe processbywhichpopulationsbecomebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.Measurementoffitnessastherelativereproductivesuccessofindividualswithaparticulargenotype.**GeneticVariation andPolymorphism**:Explanationofgeneticvariationwithinpopulations,including:**PolygenicTraits**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**QuantitativeGenetics**:Studyofcomplextraitsinfluencedbymultiplegenesa ndenvironmentalfactors.**SpeciationandReproductiveIsolation**:Introductiontospeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingmechanismsofreproductiveisolation:**PrezygoticBarriers**:Prevent matingorfertilizationbetweenspecies.**PostzygoticBarriers**:Reduceviabilityorfertilityofhybridoffspring.**PatternsofMicroevolution**:Examinationofevolutionarypatternsobservedinnaturalpopulations,including: **SelectivePressures**:Environmentalfactorsinfluencingadaptation.**PopulationBottlenecks**:Reductioninpopulationsizeleadingtogeneticdrift.**FounderEffect**:Geneticdriftinsmallfoundingpopulations.**Hu

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manImpactonMicroevolution**:Discussiononhowhumanactivities(e.g.,habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange)caninfluencemicroevolutionaryprocessesinnaturalpopulations.**EmergingTopicsinMicroevolu tion**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmicroevolutionarystudies,suchasevolutionaryresponsestorapidenvironmentalchangesandtheroleofepigeneticsinevolution.**SummaryandKeyCo ncepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomicroevolution,reinforcingunderstandingofthemechanismsandpatternsofevolutionarychangewithinpopulations.Chapter15providesacompr ehensiveexplorationofmicroevolutionaryprocesses,includingnaturalselection,geneticdrift,geneflow,andtheirrolesinshapinggeneticdiversityandadaptationwithinpopulations.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledge ofgeneticsandevolutionarytheory,preparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomacroevolution,ecologicalgenetics,andconservationbiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestio nsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter15,feelfreetoask!Chapter16:EvolutiononaLargeScaleChapter16of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichael Windelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaLargeScale,"typicallyexploresevolutionaryprocessesthatoccuroverlongertimescalesandacrosslargertaxonomicgroups.Here’sanovervi ewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**I ntroductiontoMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolutionasevolutionarypatternsandprocessesthatoccurabovethespecieslevel,leadingtothediversificationoflifeformsovergeologictimescales.**Speciation**:Det ailedexplorationofspeciation,theprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise:**AllopatricSpeciation**:Geographicisolationleadingtoreproductiveisolation.**SympatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringwithinthesamegeog raphicareaduetofactorslikepolyploidyorhabitatdifferentiation.**ParapatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringinadjacentbutdifferenthabitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajorpatternsandtrendso bservedinthefossilrecordandbiologicaldiversity:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofecologicalniches.**ExtinctionEvents**:Massextinctionsandtheirimpactonbiodiversit y.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartraitsinunrelatedlineages.**EvolutionaryTrends**:Analysisofevolutionarytrendsobservedinvarioustaxonomicgroups:**Coevolution**:Reciprocalevoluti onarychangesbetweeninteractingspecies(e.g.,predator-prey,host-parasite).**EvolutionaryDevelopmentalBiology(Evodevo)**:Studyofhowchangesindevelopmentalprocessescontributetoevolutionarychange.**EvolutionofComplexity**:Emergenceofcomplextraitsandbiologicalstructuresoverevolutionarytime.**Biogeography**:E xplorationofthedistributionofspeciesandhowhistoricalandecologicalfactorsinfluencepatternsofbiodiversity:**ContinentalDrift**:Movementofcontinentsanditsimpactonbiogeographicpatterns.**IslandBiogeograp hy**:Patternsofspeciesdiversityonislandsinfluencedbycolonizationandextinction.**EvolutionaryEcology**:Integrationofevolutionarybiologywithecologicalprinciples,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Ecologicalop portunitiesdrivingspeciation.**SpeciesInteractions**:Coevolutionaryrelationshipsandtheirecologicalandevolutionaryconsequences.**EvolutionaryDevelopment**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, hostparasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation scienc

5. Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the circle

about the line

.

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a. 50π2 b. 100π2 c. 75π2 d. 25π2 e. 175π2 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.33 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.05 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a horizontal axis of revolution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 6:10 AM 6. Find the area of the surface obtained by revolving the given curve about the x-axis.

on a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.8 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.05 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a horizontal axis of revolution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM Page 663

DATE MODIFIED:

2/11/2020 4:15 AM

7. Write an integral giving the area of the surface obtained by revolving the curve about the x-axis. (Do not

evaluate the integral.) on [1, 5] a.

b.

c.

d.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.7 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.04 - Write a definite integral that represents the area of a surface obtained by rotating a curve on a given interval about a specified axis.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 7:55 AM 8. If the infinite curve

, is rotated about the x-axis , find the area of the resulting surface.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: POINTS:

a 1 Page 664

DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.26 QUESTION TYPE: Multi-Mode (Multiple choice) HAS VARIABLES: False STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.05 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a horizontal axis of revolution.

OTHER: Bimodal NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 6:25 AM 9. Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve about the x-axis.

ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.13 QUESTION TYPE: Numeric Response HAS VARIABLES: True LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.05 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a horizontal axis of revolution.

OTHER: Numerical Response NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/17/2020 7:52 AM 10. Find the area of the surface obtained by revolving the given curve about the y-axis.

3

x = y on [0, 3] ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.13 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.06 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a vertical axis of revolution.

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OTHER: NOTES: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED:

Short Answer Section 8.2 7/20/2015 2:19 PM 2/11/2020 4:19 AM

11. Find the area of the surface obtained by revolving the graph of

on [0, 1] about the x-axis.

8π ANSWER: POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.27a QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.05 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a horizontal axis of revolution.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 6:51 AM 12. Find the area of the surface obtained by revolving the given curve about the x-axis.

on [0, 1] ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Medium REFERENCES: 8.2.11 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: True STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.05 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a horizontal axis of revolution.

OTHER: Short Answer NOTES: Section 8.2 DATE CREATED: 7/20/2015 2:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 4:20 AM 13. A group of engineers is building a parabolic satellite dish whose shape will be formed by rotating the curve

about the y-axis. If the dish is to have a 6-ft diameter and a maximum depth of 1 ft, find the surface area of the dish.

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a. 31.22 ft2 b. 34.47 ft2 c. 1.58 ft2 d. 11.88 ft2 e. 679.36 ft2 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.07 - Solve applied and mathematical problems involving areas of surfaces of revolution.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 8:16 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 7:17 AM

14. The ellipse

is rotated about the x-axis to form a surface called an ellipsoid, or prolate spheroid.

Using the Table of Integrals, find the surface area of this ellipsoid. a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.05 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a horizontal axis of revolution.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 8:16 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/7/2020 7:23 AM CausesofMutations**:Overviewofspontaneousmutations(arisingfromerrorsinDNAreplicationorrepair)andinducedmutations(causedbymutagens).**ConsequencesofMutations**:Impactofmutationsonproteinstru ctureandfunction:**SilentMutations**:Nochangeinaminoacidsequence.**MissenseMutations**:Changeinoneaminoacid.**NonsenseMutations**:Prematureterminationofproteinsynthesis.**FrameshiftMutations **:Insertionordeletionofnucleotides,leadingtoashiftinthereadingframe.**GeneticTesting**:DefinitionofgenetictestingastheanalysisofDNA,RNA,orchromosomestodetectgeneticvariationsassociatedwithinherited disordersorpredispositionstodiseases.**TypesofGeneticTesting**:Overviewofdifferentmethodsusedingenetictesting:**DiagnosticTesting**:Identificationofaspecificgeneticconditioninanindividual.**CarrierTesti ng**:Identificationofindividualscarryingrecessiveallelesforgeneticdisorders.**PredictiveandPresymptomaticTesting**:Assessmentofriskfordevelopinggeneticconditionslaterinlife.**PrenatalTesting**:Screeningf orgeneticdisordersinfetusesduringpregnancy.**NewbornScreening**:Testingforgeneticdisordersshortlyafterbirth.**EthicalandSocialIssuesinGeneticTesting**:Discussiononethicalconsiderationsrelatedtogenet ictesting,includingprivacy,confidentiality,informedconsent,andimplicationsforindividualsandfamilies.**GeneticCounseling**:Roleofgeneticcounselorsininterpretinggenetictestresults,providinginformation,ands upportingdecisionmakingregardinggenetictestingandfamilyplanning.**GeneticDisordersandPublicHealth**:Impactofgenetictestingonpublichealthinitiatives,diseaseprevention,andmanagementofgeneticdisorders.**EmergingTe chnologiesinGeneticTesting**:Introductiontoadvancesingenetictestingtechnologies,suchasnext-generationsequencing(NGS),wholeexomesequencing(WES),anddirect-toconsumergenetictesting.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomutationsandgenetictesting,reinforcingunderstandingofthecauses,consequences,applicat ions,andethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithgeneticvariationandtesting.Chapter13providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmutations,genetictestingtechnologies,andtheirimplicationsindiagnosing,preventing,a ndmanaginggeneticdisorders.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofmoleculargeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintopersonalizedmedicine,geneticcounseling,andethicalissuesingeneticscove redinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter13,feelfreetoask!Chapter14Chapter14of"Essentia lsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"DarwinandEvolution,"typicallyexplorestheprinciplesofevolution,itsmechanisms,andthecontributionsofCharlesDarwintoevolutionarytheory.Here’sano verviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEvolution**:Definitionofevolutionastheprocessofchangeovertimeinpopulationsoforganisms,leadingtothediversityoflifeonEarth.**Darwin'sContributions** :OverviewofCharlesDarwin'sobservationsandinsightsthatledtothedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection:**VoyageoftheBeagle**:Darwin'stravelsandobservationsofbiodiversityandgeologicalfor mations.**NaturalSelection**:MechanismproposedbyDarwintoexplainhowevolutionoccursthroughdifferentialsurvivalandreproductionoforganismswithadvantageoustraits.**EvidenceforEvolution**:Examinatio

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nofvariouslinesofevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution:**FossilRecord**:Transitionalformsandpatternsofspecieschangeovertime.**Biogeography**:Distributionofspeciesandsimilaritiesamongorganismsond ifferentcontinents.**ComparativeAnatomy**:Homologousstructuresandvestigialorgansamongdifferentspecies.**MolecularBiology**:SimilaritiesinDNA,RNA,andproteinsequencesamongorganismsindicatingco mmonancestry.**MechanismsofEvolution**:Explorationofprocessesthatdriveevolutionarychange:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantageoustraits.**GeneticDrift**: Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:Sourceofnewgeneticvariation.**ModernSynthesisofEvolutionaryTh eory**:IntegrationofDarwinianevolutionwithgenetics(populationgenetics),explaininghowgeneticvariationandnaturalselectionshapeevolutionarypatterns.**PatternsandRatesofEvolution**:Examinationofevolutio narypatterns,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofformsinresponsetodifferentenvironmentalniches.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartr aitsindifferentlineages.**PunctuatedEquilibrium**:Periodsofrapidevolutionarychangefollowedbylongperiodsofstability.**HumanEvolution**:Overviewofhumanevolution,includingfossilevidence(e.g.,Australopit hecus,Homospecies)andgeneticstudiesrevealingrelationshipsamongmodernhumanpopulations.**EvolutionaryMechanismsandAdaptation**:Discussiononhowevolutionarymechanisms(naturalselection,genet icdrift)contributetoadaptationoforganismstotheirenvironments.**EvolutionandSpeciation**:Explanationofspeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingallopatric,sympatric,andparapatricspeciatio n.**EmergingTopicsinEvolutionaryBiology**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinevolutionarybiology,suchasevolutionarydevelopmentalbiology(evodevo),molecularevolution,andthestudyofevolutionaryprocessesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDarwinandevo lution,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciples,mechanisms,andevidencesupportingevolutionarytheory.Chapter14providesacomprehensiveexplorationofevolutionarytheory,Darwin'scontributions,andthemech anismsthatdriveevolutionarychange.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofgeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintoecology,biodiversity,andevolutionarybiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersoft hetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter14,feelfreetoask!Chapter15:EvolutiononaSmallScaleChapter15of"Essentialso fBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaSmallScale,"typicallyfocusesonevolutionaryprocessesthatoccurwithinpopulationsandspecies.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthis chapter:**IntroductiontoMicroevolution**:Definitionofmicroevolutionasevolutionarychangeoccurringwithinpopulationsoverrelativelyshortperiodsoftime.**PopulationGenetics**:Overviewofpopulationgenetics,w hichstudiesthedistributionandchangeofallelefrequenciesinpopulations:**GenePool**:Totalcollectionofallelesinapopulation.**Hardy-WeinbergPrinciple**:Mathematicalmodeldescribingallelefrequenciesinanonevolvingpopulation.**FactorsInfluencingMicroevolution**:Discussiononthemechanismsthatdrivemicroevolutionarychanges:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantage oustraits.**GeneticDrift**:Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesduetochanceevents,morepronouncedinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:So urceofnewgeneticvariation.**TypesofNaturalSelection**:Explorationofdifferenttypesofnaturalselection:**StabilizingSelection**:Selectionagainstextremes,favoringintermediatephenotypes.**DirectionalSelectio n**:Shifttowardoneextremephenotypeinresponsetoenvironmentalchange.**DisruptiveSelection**:Selectionfavoringbothextremes,leadingtopolymorphism.**AdaptationandFitness**:Definitionofadaptationasthe processbywhichpopulationsbecomebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.Measurementoffitnessastherelativereproductivesuccessofindividualswithaparticulargenotype.**GeneticVariation andPolymorphism**:Explanationofgeneticvariationwithinpopulations,including:**PolygenicTraits**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**QuantitativeGenetics**:Studyofcomplextraitsinfluencedbymultiplegenesa ndenvironmentalfactors.**SpeciationandReproductiveIsolation**:Introductiontospeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingmechanismsofreproductiveisolation:**PrezygoticBarriers**:Prevent matingorfertilizationbetweenspecies.**PostzygoticBarriers**:Reduceviabilityorfertilityofhybridoffspring.**PatternsofMicroevolution**:Examinationofevolutionarypatternsobservedinnaturalpopulations,including: **SelectivePressures**:Environmentalfactorsinfluencingadaptation.**PopulationBottlenecks**:Reductioninpopulationsizeleadingtogeneticdrift.**FounderEffect**:Geneticdriftinsmallfoundingpopulations.**Hu manImpactonMicroevolution**:Discussiononhowhumanactivities(e.g.,habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange)caninfluencemicroevolutionaryprocessesinnaturalpopulations.**EmergingTopicsinMicroevolu tion**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmicroevolutionarystudies,suchasevolutionaryresponsestorapidenvironmentalchangesandtheroleofepigeneticsinevolution.**SummaryandKeyCo ncepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomicroevolution,reinforcingunderstandingofthemechanismsandpatternsofevolutionarychangewithinpopulations.Chapter15providesacompr ehensiveexplorationofmicroevolutionaryprocesses,includingnaturalselection,geneticdrift,geneflow,andtheirrolesinshapinggeneticdiversityandadaptationwithinpopulations.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledge ofgeneticsandevolutionarytheory,preparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomacroevolution,ecologicalgenetics,andconservationbiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestio nsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter15,feelfreetoask!Chapter16:EvolutiononaLargeScaleChapter16of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichael Windelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaLargeScale,"typicallyexploresevolutionaryprocessesthatoccuroverlongertimescalesandacrosslargertaxonomicgroups.Here’sanovervi ewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**I ntroductiontoMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolutionasevolutionarypatternsandprocessesthatoccurabovethespecieslevel,leadingtothediversificationoflifeformsovergeologictimescales.**Speciation**:Det ailedexplorationofspeciation,theprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise:**AllopatricSpeciation**:Geographicisolationleadingtoreproductiveisolation.**SympatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringwithinthesamegeog raphicareaduetofactorslikepolyploidyorhabitatdifferentiation.**ParapatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringinadjacentbutdifferenthabitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajorpatternsandtrendso bservedinthefossilrecordandbiologicaldiversity:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofecologicalniches.**ExtinctionEvents**:Massextinctionsandtheirimpactonbiodiversit y.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartraitsinunrelatedlineages.**EvolutionaryTrends**:Analysisofevolutionarytrendsobservedinvarioustaxonomicgroups:**Coevolution**:Reciprocalevoluti onarychangesbetweeninteractingspecies(e.g.,predator-prey,host-parasite).**EvolutionaryDevelopmentalBiology(Evodevo)**:Studyofhowchangesindevelopmentalprocessescontributetoevolutionarychange.**EvolutionofComplexity**:Emergenceofcomplextraitsandbiologicalstructuresoverevolutionarytime.**Biogeography**:E xplorationofthedistributionofspeciesandhowhistoricalandecologicalfactorsinfluencepatternsofbiodiversity:**ContinentalDrift**:Movementofcontinentsanditsimpactonbiogeographicpatterns.**IslandBiogeograp hy**:Patternsofspeciesdiversityonislandsinfluencedbycolonizationandextinction.**EvolutionaryEcology**:Integrationofevolutionarybiologywithecologicalprinciples,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Ecologicalop portunitiesdrivingspeciation.**SpeciesInteractions**:Coevolutionaryrelationshipsandtheirecologicalandevolutionaryconsequences.**EvolutionaryDevelopment**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, hostparasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter

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concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation scienc

15. Find the exact area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve about the x-axis.

a. b. c. d. e.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CALC.COH.LO.05.03.05 - Find the area of a surface of revolution with a horizontal axis of revolution.

DATE CREATED: 3/25/2016 8:16 AM DATE MODIFIED: 2/11/2020 4:24 AM

CausesofMutations**:Overviewofspontaneousmutations(arisingfromerrorsinDNAreplicationorrepair)andinducedmutations(causedbymutagens).**ConsequencesofMutations**:Impactofmutationsonproteinstru ctureandfunction:**SilentMutations**:Nochangeinaminoacidsequence.**MissenseMutations**:Changeinoneaminoacid.**NonsenseMutations**:Prematureterminationofproteinsynthesis.**FrameshiftMutations **:Insertionordeletionofnucleotides,leadingtoashiftinthereadingframe.**GeneticTesting**:DefinitionofgenetictestingastheanalysisofDNA,RNA,orchromosomestodetectgeneticvariationsassociatedwithinherited disordersorpredispositionstodiseases.**TypesofGeneticTesting**:Overviewofdifferentmethodsusedingenetictesting:**DiagnosticTesting**:Identificationofaspecificgeneticconditioninanindividual.**CarrierTesti ng**:Identificationofindividualscarryingrecessiveallelesforgeneticdisorders.**PredictiveandPresymptomaticTesting**:Assessmentofriskfordevelopinggeneticconditionslaterinlife.**PrenatalTesting**:Screeningf orgeneticdisordersinfetusesduringpregnancy.**NewbornScreening**:Testingforgeneticdisordersshortlyafterbirth.**EthicalandSocialIssuesinGeneticTesting**:Discussiononethicalconsiderationsrelatedtogenet ictesting,includingprivacy,confidentiality,informedconsent,andimplicationsforindividualsandfamilies.**GeneticCounseling**:Roleofgeneticcounselorsininterpretinggenetictestresults,providinginformation,ands upportingdecisionmakingregardinggenetictestingandfamilyplanning.**GeneticDisordersandPublicHealth**:Impactofgenetictestingonpublichealthinitiatives,diseaseprevention,andmanagementofgeneticdisorders.**EmergingTe chnologiesinGeneticTesting**:Introductiontoadvancesingenetictestingtechnologies,suchasnext-generationsequencing(NGS),wholeexomesequencing(WES),anddirect-toconsumergenetictesting.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomutationsandgenetictesting,reinforcingunderstandingofthecauses,consequences,applicat ions,andethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithgeneticvariationandtesting.Chapter13providesacomprehensiveexplorationofmutations,genetictestingtechnologies,andtheirimplicationsindiagnosing,preventing,a ndmanaginggeneticdisorders.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofmoleculargeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintopersonalizedmedicine,geneticcounseling,andethicalissuesingeneticscove redinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter13,feelfreetoask!Chapter14Chapter14of"Essentia lsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"DarwinandEvolution,"typicallyexplorestheprinciplesofevolution,itsmechanisms,andthecontributionsofCharlesDarwintoevolutionarytheory.Here’sano verviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoEvolution**:Definitionofevolutionastheprocessofchangeovertimeinpopulationsoforganisms,leadingtothediversityoflifeonEarth.**Darwin'sContributions** :OverviewofCharlesDarwin'sobservationsandinsightsthatledtothedevelopmentofthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection:**VoyageoftheBeagle**:Darwin'stravelsandobservationsofbiodiversityandgeologicalfor mations.**NaturalSelection**:MechanismproposedbyDarwintoexplainhowevolutionoccursthroughdifferentialsurvivalandreproductionoforganismswithadvantageoustraits.**EvidenceforEvolution**:Examinatio nofvariouslinesofevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution:**FossilRecord**:Transitionalformsandpatternsofspecieschangeovertime.**Biogeography**:Distributionofspeciesandsimilaritiesamongorganismsond ifferentcontinents.**ComparativeAnatomy**:Homologousstructuresandvestigialorgansamongdifferentspecies.**MolecularBiology**:SimilaritiesinDNA,RNA,andproteinsequencesamongorganismsindicatingco mmonancestry.**MechanismsofEvolution**:Explorationofprocessesthatdriveevolutionarychange:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantageoustraits.**GeneticDrift**: Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:Sourceofnewgeneticvariation.**ModernSynthesisofEvolutionaryTh eory**:IntegrationofDarwinianevolutionwithgenetics(populationgenetics),explaininghowgeneticvariationandnaturalselectionshapeevolutionarypatterns.**PatternsandRatesofEvolution**:Examinationofevolutio narypatterns,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofformsinresponsetodifferentenvironmentalniches.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartr

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aitsindifferentlineages.**PunctuatedEquilibrium**:Periodsofrapidevolutionarychangefollowedbylongperiodsofstability.**HumanEvolution**:Overviewofhumanevolution,includingfossilevidence(e.g.,Australopit hecus,Homospecies)andgeneticstudiesrevealingrelationshipsamongmodernhumanpopulations.**EvolutionaryMechanismsandAdaptation**:Discussiononhowevolutionarymechanisms(naturalselection,genet icdrift)contributetoadaptationoforganismstotheirenvironments.**EvolutionandSpeciation**:Explanationofspeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingallopatric,sympatric,andparapatricspeciatio n.**EmergingTopicsinEvolutionaryBiology**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinevolutionarybiology,suchasevolutionarydevelopmentalbiology(evodevo),molecularevolution,andthestudyofevolutionaryprocessesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:ThechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtoDarwinandevo lution,reinforcingunderstandingoftheprinciples,mechanisms,andevidencesupportingevolutionarytheory.Chapter14providesacomprehensiveexplorationofevolutionarytheory,Darwin'scontributions,andthemech anismsthatdriveevolutionarychange.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledgeofgeneticsandpreparesstudentsforfurtherexplorationintoecology,biodiversity,andevolutionarybiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersoft hetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter14,feelfreetoask!Chapter15:EvolutiononaSmallScaleChapter15of"Essentialso fBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaSmallScale,"typicallyfocusesonevolutionaryprocessesthatoccurwithinpopulationsandspecies.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthis chapter:**IntroductiontoMicroevolution**:Definitionofmicroevolutionasevolutionarychangeoccurringwithinpopulationsoverrelativelyshortperiodsoftime.**PopulationGenetics**:Overviewofpopulationgenetics,w hichstudiesthedistributionandchangeofallelefrequenciesinpopulations:**GenePool**:Totalcollectionofallelesinapopulation.**Hardy-WeinbergPrinciple**:Mathematicalmodeldescribingallelefrequenciesinanonevolvingpopulation.**FactorsInfluencingMicroevolution**:Discussiononthemechanismsthatdrivemicroevolutionarychanges:**NaturalSelection**:Differentialsurvivalandreproductionofindividualswithadvantage oustraits.**GeneticDrift**:Randomchangesinallelefrequenciesduetochanceevents,morepronouncedinsmallpopulations.**GeneFlow**:Movementofgenesbetweenpopulationsthroughmigration.**Mutation**:So urceofnewgeneticvariation.**TypesofNaturalSelection**:Explorationofdifferenttypesofnaturalselection:**StabilizingSelection**:Selectionagainstextremes,favoringintermediatephenotypes.**DirectionalSelectio n**:Shifttowardoneextremephenotypeinresponsetoenvironmentalchange.**DisruptiveSelection**:Selectionfavoringbothextremes,leadingtopolymorphism.**AdaptationandFitness**:Definitionofadaptationasthe processbywhichpopulationsbecomebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.Measurementoffitnessastherelativereproductivesuccessofindividualswithaparticulargenotype.**GeneticVariation andPolymorphism**:Explanationofgeneticvariationwithinpopulations,including:**PolygenicTraits**:Traitsinfluencedbymultiplegenes.**QuantitativeGenetics**:Studyofcomplextraitsinfluencedbymultiplegenesa ndenvironmentalfactors.**SpeciationandReproductiveIsolation**:Introductiontospeciationastheprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise,includingmechanismsofreproductiveisolation:**PrezygoticBarriers**:Prevent matingorfertilizationbetweenspecies.**PostzygoticBarriers**:Reduceviabilityorfertilityofhybridoffspring.**PatternsofMicroevolution**:Examinationofevolutionarypatternsobservedinnaturalpopulations,including: **SelectivePressures**:Environmentalfactorsinfluencingadaptation.**PopulationBottlenecks**:Reductioninpopulationsizeleadingtogeneticdrift.**FounderEffect**:Geneticdriftinsmallfoundingpopulations.**Hu manImpactonMicroevolution**:Discussiononhowhumanactivities(e.g.,habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange)caninfluencemicroevolutionaryprocessesinnaturalpopulations.**EmergingTopicsinMicroevolu tion**:Introductiontocurrentresearchtopicsandadvancementsinmicroevolutionarystudies,suchasevolutionaryresponsestorapidenvironmentalchangesandtheroleofepigeneticsinevolution.**SummaryandKeyCo ncepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyconceptsrelatedtomicroevolution,reinforcingunderstandingofthemechanismsandpatternsofevolutionarychangewithinpopulations.Chapter15providesacompr ehensiveexplorationofmicroevolutionaryprocesses,includingnaturalselection,geneticdrift,geneflow,andtheirrolesinshapinggeneticdiversityandadaptationwithinpopulations.Itbuildsuponfoundationalknowledge ofgeneticsandevolutionarytheory,preparingstudentsforfurtherexplorationintomacroevolution,ecologicalgenetics,andconservationbiologycoveredinsubsequentchaptersofthetextbook.Ifyouhavespecificquestio nsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter15,feelfreetoask!Chapter16:EvolutiononaLargeScaleChapter16of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichael Windelspecht,titled"EvolutiononaLargeScale,"typicallyexploresevolutionaryprocessesthatoccuroverlongertimescalesandacrosslargertaxonomicgroups.Here’sanovervi ewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**I ntroductiontoMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolutionasevolutionarypatternsandprocessesthatoccurabovethespecieslevel,leadingtothediversificationoflifeformsovergeologictimescales.**Speciation**:Det ailedexplorationofspeciation,theprocessbywhichnewspeciesarise:**AllopatricSpeciation**:Geographicisolationleadingtoreproductiveisolation.**SympatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringwithinthesamegeog raphicareaduetofactorslikepolyploidyorhabitatdifferentiation.**ParapatricSpeciation**:Speciationoccurringinadjacentbutdifferenthabitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajorpatternsandtrendso bservedinthefossilrecordandbiologicaldiversity:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Diversificationofasingleancestralspeciesintoavarietyofecologicalniches.**ExtinctionEvents**:Massextinctionsandtheirimpactonbiodiversit y.**ConvergentEvolution**:Independentevolutionofsimilartraitsinunrelatedlineages.**EvolutionaryTrends**:Analysisofevolutionarytrendsobservedinvarioustaxonomicgroups:**Coevolution**:Reciprocalevoluti onarychangesbetweeninteractingspecies(e.g.,predator-prey,host-parasite).**EvolutionaryDevelopmentalBiology(Evodevo)**:Studyofhowchangesindevelopmentalprocessescontributetoevolutionarychange.**EvolutionofComplexity**:Emergenceofcomplextraitsandbiologicalstructuresoverevolutionarytime.**Biogeography**:E xplorationofthedistributionofspeciesandhowhistoricalandecologicalfactorsinfluencepatternsofbiodiversity:**ContinentalDrift**:Movementofcontinentsanditsimpactonbiogeographicpatterns.**IslandBiogeograp hy**:Patternsofspeciesdiversityonislandsinfluencedbycolonizationandextinction.**EvolutionaryEcology**:Integrationofevolutionarybiologywithecologicalprinciples,including:**AdaptiveRadiation**:Ecologicalop portunitiesdrivingspeciation.**SpeciesInteractions**:Coevolutionaryrelationshipsandtheirecologicalandevolutionaryconsequences.**EvolutionaryDevelopment**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, hostparasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 17Chapter 17of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists," typically covers thediversity, structure, functions, and ecological rolesofthese microorganisms. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMicroorganisms**:Definition and classificationofmicroorganisms as organisms that are too small tobe seen with thenaked eye, including viruses, bacteria, and protists.**Viruses**:Characteristicsofviruses:**Structure**: Viral components (nucleic acid core and protein coat).**Reproduction**: Viral replication using host cell machinery (lytic and lysogenic cycles).**RoleinDisease**: Viral infections and human health impacts.**Bacteria**:Overviewofbacterial diversity, structure, and functions:**Cell Structure**: Prokaryotic cell structure (cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material).**Metabolism**: Modesofnutrition (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs), oxygen requirements (aerobic vs. anaerobic).**Reproduction**: Binary fission and genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction).**Bacterial Diversity and Ecology**:Ecological rolesofbacteria:**Nutrient Cycling**: Decomposition and recyclingoforganic matter.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Pathogenic Bacteria**: Causesofbacterial diseases and mechanismsofinfection.**Protists**:Diversityofprotists:**Classification**: Protozoa (single-celled heterotrophs) and algae (photosynthetic protists).**Structure**: Protozoan and algal cell structures and adaptations.**Ecological Roles**: Rolesinaquatic ecosystems, symbiotic relationships (e.g., coral- algal symbiosis).**Life Cycles and ReproductionofProtists**:Reproductive strategies among protists:**Asexual Reproduction**: Binary fission, budding, and spore formation.**Sexual Reproduction**: Conjugation and other formsofgenetic exchange.**Ecological ImportanceofProtists**:Contributionofprotists toecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofphotosynthetic protistsinfood chains.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Protistsinmutualistic and parasitic interactions with other organisms.**Human Health and Disease**:Impactofmicroorganismsonhuman health:**Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria**: Viral and bacterial diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis).**Protozoan Diseases**: Malaria and other parasitic infections caused by protists.**Emerging Infectious Diseases**:Discussiononfactors contributing totheemergence and spreadofnew infectious diseases (e.g., zoonotic diseases, antibiotic resistance).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toviruses, bacteria, and protists, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 17 providesacomprehensive explorationofviruses, bacteria, and protists, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and impactsonhuman health and ecosystems. It prepares students forfurther exploration into microbiology, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 17, feel free toask!Chapter 18: Plants and FungiChapter 18of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plants and Fungi," typically covers thecharacteristics, diversity, adaptations, and ecological rolesofplants and fungi. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlants and Fungi**:Definition and classificationofplants and fungi as multicellular eukaryotic organisms with distinct characteristics and life cycles**Plant Diversity**:Overviewofplant diversity:**Non-Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofmosses, liverworts, and hornworts.**Seedless Vascular Plants**: Characteristicsofferns and their relatives.**Seed Plants**: Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).**Plant Structure and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofplants:**Roots, Stems, and Leaves**: Functions and adaptations forabsorption, support, and photosynthesis.**Reproductive Structures**: Flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen.**Plant Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Alternationofgenerationsinplants:**Gametophyte and Sporophyte**: Structures and functionsinthelife cyclesofmosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.**Pollination and Fertilization**: Mechanismsofpollen transfer and fertilizationinflowering plants.**Plant Physiology**:Physiological processesinplants:**Photosynthesis**: Light reactions and Calvin cycle.**Transport**: Water and nutrient uptake (xylem and phloem transport).**Hormonal Regulation**: Roleofplant hormonesingrowth, development, and responses toenvironmental stimuli.**EcologyofPlants**:Ecological roles and interactionsofplantsinecosystems:**Primary Production**: Roleofplants as primary producersinfood webs.**Plant-Animal Interactions**: Pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory.**Plant Adaptations toEnvironmental Factors**: Adaptations tolight, water availability, temperature, and soil conditions.**Fungi Diversity**:Overviewoffungal diversity and classification:**Mycorrhizal Fungi**: Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.**Saprophytic Fungi**: Decomposition and nutrient recyclinginecosystems.**Pathogenic Fungi**: Fungal diseasesinplants and animals.**Fungal Structure and Function**:Morphological features and adaptationsoffungi:**Hyphae and Mycelium**: Structure and growth patterns.**Reproductive Structures**: Spores, sporangia, and fruiting bodies.**Fungal Reproduction and Life Cycles**:Modesofreproductioninfungi:**Asexual Reproduction**: Spore formation and budding.**Sexual Reproduction**: Fusionofhaploid hyphae, formationofdikaryotic and diploid stages.**Fungal Physiology**:Physiological processesinfungi:**Nutrient Absorption**: Extracellular digestion and absorptionofnutrients.**Mycorrhizal Associations**: Roleoffungiinnutrient uptake and exchange with plant roots.**Environmental Responses**: Fungal responses tolight, moisture, and pH levels.**EcologyofFungi**:Ecological roles and interactionsoffungiinecosystems:**Decomposition**: Roleinnutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mycorrhizal associations with plants, lichens (fungus-algae symbiosis).**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toplants and fungi, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, and ecological roles.Chapter 18 providesacomprehensive explorationofplants and fungi, highlighting their structural diversity, physiological adaptations, reproductive strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant biology, mycology, ecology, and environmental sciences coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 18, feel free toask!Chapter 19Chapter 19of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Animals," typically covers thediversity, characteristics, adaptations, and ecological rolesofanimals. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toAnimals**:Definition and classificationofanimals as multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with diverse body plans and life cycles.**Animal Diversity**:Overviewofanimal diversity basedonmajor phyla:**Invertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., sponges, cnidarians,

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mollusks, annelids, arthropods).**Vertebrates**: Characteristics and examplesofmajor groups (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).**Animal Form and Function**:Morphological and physiological adaptationsofanimals:**Body Plans**: Symmetry (radial vs. bilateral), segmentation, and cephalization.**Tissues and Organs**: Specialized structures and functions (e.g., nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system).**Skeletal Systems**: Endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.**Animal Reproduction and Development**:Modesofreproductioninanimals:**Sexual Reproduction**: Internal and external fertilization, developmentofembryos.**Asexual Reproduction**: Regeneration, budding, and parthenogenesis.**Life Cycles**: Alternationofgenerations, metamorphosisininsects and amphibians.**Animal Behavior**:Behavioral adaptations and ecological interactions:**Feeding Behaviors**: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and filter feeders.**Reproductive Behaviors**: Courtship rituals, mate selection, and parental care.**Social Behaviors**: Group behaviors, communication, and cooperation.**Animal Physiology**:Physiological processesinanimals:**Nutrition**: Digestive processes and nutrient absorption.**Respiration**: Respiratory structures and gas exchange mechanisms.**Circulation**: Circulatory systems and transportofgases, nutrients, and wastes.**Excretion**: Excretory organs and regulationofwater and electrolyte balance.**EcologyofAnimals**:Ecological roles and interactionsofanimalsinecosystems:**Predator-Prey Relationships**: Food webs and trophic interactions.**Symbiotic Relationships**: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.**Migration and Movement**: Animal movements and their ecological significance.**Animal Adaptations toEnvironments**:Adaptations todiverse habitats and environmental conditions:**Desert Adaptations**: Water conservation and thermoregulation.**Aquatic Adaptations**: Marine and freshwater adaptations forbuoyancy, osmoregulation, and respiration.**Polar Adaptations**: Cold adaptation and insulation.**Human ImpactonAnimal Populations**:Impactofhuman activitiesonanimal populations and biodiversity:**Habitat Destruction**: Lossofhabitats and fragmentation.**Overexploitation**: Hunting, fishing, and wildlife trade.**Pollution and Climate Change**: Effectsonanimal habitats and ecosystems.**Conservation Biology**:Principles and practicesofconservation biology toprotect animal species and ecosystems:**Endangered Species**: Conservation strategies and restoration efforts.**Protected Areas**: National parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries.**Sustainable Practices**: Sustainable development and habitat conservation.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related toanimals, reinforcing understandingoftheir diversity, structures, functions, adaptations, and ecological roles.Chapter 19 providesacomprehensive explorationofanimals, highlighting their evolutionary diversity, physiological adaptations, behavioral strategies, and ecological interactions. It prepares students forfurther exploration into animal biology, ecology, behavior, and conservation scienc

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