The Irish Volunteer - Volume 2 - Number 8

THE

BY EOIN MAC NEILL.

EDITED Vol. 2.

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and see farther and cry "Stop the. Em-

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. "A dismal 'outlook " is the heading of an edito-rial in -the " Irish Daily Indepen~_ de;nt," ~hich goes;. en to say: " ·ln addition to increased taxation next year, and · a serious rise in the price of most articles of food, the Irish householder will in many places have to face increased local rates." The rest of the editorial is devoted to the increased burden of rates .

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are- allowed to' speak out in criticism of

. pires !" The Emp~res, if they are not the Government. Irish representatives 1, checked, will only stop this war to get mus-t not even discuss the effects of Imready for the next war.

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Price One .Penny.

SATURDAY, JANUA RY 23, 1915.

No 8. (New Series.)

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Some people say that this· war was caused by the Pruss.ian desire· to dominate the world. Between one variety of Imperialism and another there ·is little ·to choose. "At a dinner of the Canadian .Club of New York," we read, "Mr. W. H.. Hearst, Premier bf Ontario, declared that English-speaking people must dominate the wodd." This will be good news for France. and Russia., not ' to mention .Quebec, and several miserable little countries in Europe, like Spain and Portugal, Sw.eden, Norway, and Denmark, the Balkan States, Italy, with trifles like Asia, Africa, and South ' America thrown in. We have been almost pursuaded here that the idea of domination was a German patent invented

by Nietsche .

In a country already almost strangled in the bonds of Imperialism, the rise of several pence in the pound of rates is a far more serious thing· than the ordinary man is educated to understand. If the . additional -rates were spent on economic deyelopment, they might be weH spent, but in this case "the reason generally given -is the enhanced price of food."

The added rates go to relieve the hard* * * ships- imposed on Ireland by a course of - Can we- hope that Mr. M. J. Ennis, Mr. I~perial government. Imperialism is the Galloway Rigg, or some other student of only enemy that Ireland has kn'owri. since National E conomics whom the exigencies the battle of Clontarf, the enemy of all of Imperialism leave free to deal with small nations, and at tl:iis moment the the matter, will g~ into the figures and . red-handed enemy of civilisation. tell us plainly what is Ireland's share in the Long Purse policy of £45,000,000 a * * * It is- a curious mistake to write about month and what prQfit Ireland can count " increased taxation ii ext ye~r . " The in; upon? I have already pointed out that crease of one-third in the income tax the Boer War expenditure. had disastrous dates from the end of last August . The e:f1'ects on Iri11h Land -P urchase, causing iise in rates and taxes hits the w~althy a consequent .increase of cha rge tp the and propertied- cla_sses chiefly and firstly, purchaser. The Long Purse- policy has though it hits the whole coµimunity also. already put a stop to agricultural loans .As a public btirden, it is serious _e nough, from the Board of Works, and has tied yet a mere trifle ·in comparison with the u1; the Congested Districts Board expen.· rise in the cost of food, fu el, and other diture. The prospect' for town tenants necess.aries, accompanied hy a great re- and agricultural tenant~ still in the grip of Feudalism ·is a.n other "dismal outduction ·in emploxment.

• • • look. " But the cares and - glories of ;,.A lready, during the past five years of ·Empire, that tried and pro_ved benefactor :Pe.ace, the cost of the ne9essaries of life of heland, give our ·hundred paid legishad riseri ..twenty or thirty per cent. all lators enoug·h to think a bout. rqund: The Wai: of the . Empires has * * * caused . a further and much greater rise And like the sailor's parr-ot, they are in prices . · Perhaps it is best so. There thinking too hard be able to talk about are signs that we shall soon hear ·a bitter · Irish Lnterests . Tories like Lord Charles cry of "Stop the _War!" Th?-t cry will Beresford, who was threatening a British be 'of no avail unless p~ople are wise invasion .of .Ireland a few months a.go,

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perial policy on Irish prosperity, the completion of land purchase, etc . They must not appear to be "disa:ffecte<l <' Silence at all events · is more becoming than to hear Irishmen in a British assembly denouncing; to suppression. Irish national publications · that do not take the . sharp curve and holding up to British odium as . '' extremists '' every Irishman ,and Irish woman. who refuses to desert N at:ionalism for . Imperialism . That sQrt of conduct n;.ight safely have been . ' left to the Garrison peers who draw their income from Irish toil. There is talk_ about a union of democracies. Th~ fact is a union of aristocracies, the union of the present and of the prospective Garrisons, of those who now enjoy good things under the Empire and of those who expect. Still Lord Midleton and Lord Mayo might salute more graciously the new Garrison that is gomg to relieve them on guard. ,

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A Toomebridge Volunteer writes protesting -strongly against the· policy of interfering with the Volunteer movement and pointing out the results of interference. Toomebridge is on th~ borders of the counties Antrim· and Derry, and is still reckoned to be in Ireland. Our correspondent directs his criticism against Mr. Redmond, and says that ·if Mr. Redmond foresaw the .resul-t of interfarence he was blameworthy, if he did not foresee it he was incapable. 1'rue, but we must look through and beyond Mr. Redmond and see who were the principal actors in this matter.

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Nearly three years ago., the Liberal Government prod:ucecl iti; Home Rule Bill.

The Government, on the promise of Hon~e Rule; had· already been Jong receiving the support of Mr. Redmond and his Party both in the British Parliament and in the constituencies. The .understanding was that the Government would use its ·powers to obtain a Home ~ulemeasure for th.e whole of Ireland.

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Saturd~y, January 23, 1915.

THE IHI.SH VQLUNTEER.

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the solemn treaty and undertaking of the Government, framed by themselves, be- tw-een them arid the Irish- people. '

On this understanding, Mz:. Redmond. kept the Government in office and enabled them to pass a number of important ' measures which, they calculated, ~puld strengthen theirposition verymuch. The understanding was not with Mr. Red. mond and the Irish Party alone~or chiefly .· It was above all ari understanding with the Irish electors . who ·suppo_rted the . Party. _ l£ the electors had not been led to believe that the Government would do its utmost to enact Home Rule for Ireland, and for all Ireland, they would have made short work of any proposal to support the Government and keep it in office £Or years. What the electors who supported the Irish Party expected and demanded was, made ve·r y clear when ihe Government attempted to ·p ass the half measure of the Irish Council Bill. They compelled the Irish Party to withdraw their . support from that b'ill and forced the Government to abandon it. Whether they thus acted wisely or unwisely is not the question . . Their action; a.nd the Irish PalJ.'ty's acceptance of it, established the understanding that the Party and the Government should adopt without modifi. cation or alternative the policy of Home Rule for all Ireland.

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· This same Government has since then gone to w:ar, and has .asked the people ~f Ireland to aid them in wa.r, and 'has heavily taxed , the people of Ireland for war, in defence, as they declare, of ' a treaty and undertaking between Great Britain and Eelgi~~. Obligations - to Belgium are sacred, but the contract made with the Irish Party and, _what is of more importance, with the Irish supporters of that Party, a contract in virtue of which the Government has. been ke!pt for years in office, becomes a scrap of pape r for which the honour and gpod faith of a 13ritish' Miclstry has no conce~n . .

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The same Home Rule Bill was brought forward and passed in the House of Copimons in the session of. 1913. · The Irish Patty maintained the Government still in office, and there was not a hint or a whisper of any deflection on the part of the Government. Finally the Bill came forward a third time in the session of 1914, last year, which we were told was the Home Rule Year .• Then and for the first time the Government announced that the understanding upon which it had been maintained in power by Irish support would not be kept. The treaty, having served the Government's turn for several years, was openly proclaimed to be a scrap of paper, subject to whatever amendment may be devised by the joint enthusiasm of ·British Whigs and Tories for Irish national autonomy.

At the last general election, the Government pledged itself to this policy .

On that point, which was challenged by the ·unionists, we have many clear declarations by members of the - Cabinet.

In .due course, after further valua.ble • • assistance from the Irish P arty, the Irish Home Rulers were indignant.

Government_ produced its Home Rule Bill. There is probably not a single Irish We may be certain that Mr. Redmond, Home Ruler who did not recognise that Mr. Dillon, and Mr . De.v lin were indigthe Bill was a disappointment, and it was nant~ Judging from Mr. T. P . O'Conaccepted only in the view that it was· the nor 's all-absorbing indignation over best that could be found practicable, another question of Imperial treaty considering English prejudice against obligations, we may perhaps suppose that national self-government for Ireland . Of he also took an indignant stand . The course great things were said and are Government., however, relying on Unionstill being said in its favour. When a , ist support, ocmpe lled the Irish Parlia,. man . comes home from the fair with a mentary lecfd1e1rs· tp submit. 'l'hey were new <'OW, he does not usually tell his wife. thus entitle~ to make a vital change in that th e. cow was not worth what lrn paid the Irish policy to which they were committed in honour and in public faith. for her.

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'l'he · Home Rule proposed in the Bill ,,,.as . cut down to the lowest degree that the Irish electorate would stand in order to mininl.ise English opposition : partly for that, and partly because tl~ "Home Rule" Government itself was glad enough to set bounds to Irish autonomy . But the fact that the Bill was so restricted made the Government's bargain w.ith the Irish electors all the more binding in honour and gpod · faith on the Government. The Home Rule Bill, as passed by the Hol~se of Co1umons ill l912l was

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What ~fr. Redmond felt about this transaction may be judged from the. fact that, contrary to well-established precedent, the vibl change in policy was not submitted to a convention of the Irish supporters the Party . But while· the treaty, broken this time before signature, still lay in the Parliamentary moi·gue, Mr. Redmond diverted the attention of Ireland to his sudden and peremptory public demand to control and dom!nate the Irish Volunteers, whom he h~d · :previously 1hsc01;mt,en;i,nce<l, .

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cloud of dust raised by this proeeej]ing effectually covered the ·shamEtless treachery of the, Liberal Callinet and the subm1ss10n forced by th.em _on· the . Irish Party,

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I am making a pl~'iji sta.tement. Let it be- contradicted, if it can; in .any part~cular. What were tbe groµnds .put forward by the Ministry for the breaking of their pledges? The same grounds as the right (}f might can put forw-ard elsewhere for disr,!:Jgard ·of ot}\~_r international engagement~-the gro'i).nds of military necessity . The Gove.foment yielded to a threat ·o f force, conveyed not _merely by the Ulster min.ority but by the Tory Party in general; and to various intimations that the forces of the Crown, in a question of Irish nationality, would only act against Ireland. I ~~y~the Government yielded, but the yieylding •cost them· no greater pangs than a.ffl.ict the. young lady who says a reluctant yes the suitor of her cho ic~. ·

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The breach of. th ~ treaty was definitely , announced with charaeteristic hypocrisy. " The coercion of Ulster was unthinkable." My friend from Toomebridge, no 1.iberal Minister w<;>uld lie awake at µight thinking _about coercing you and the like of yo·u. They will it without thinking, and be damned fp you. l£ what they now call coercion is :u'uthinkable, p~rhaps that is why they never thi;n!ght of it as coercion during all f he years th~t they held o.ffice by the support Of Irish votes and Irish voters, and during ·the two years while the Ho1P,eRule· Bill held the field without hint of coercing yol.1 out of Home Rule.

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I intend to return .to th.e question of the bearing of .t hese facts on the· various tnrns in Mr. Redmond's policy since the surrender of last Spring . Meanwhile, it is enough to say that Ulste-r Nationalists can still defeat every treachery by maintaining and perfecting a Volunteer organisation which will be n~ither directly nor indirectly dominated by those who find the coercion of Ulstet Nationalists quite thinkable, anll whose Imperiaiism is quite satisfied w:lth the prospect of a maimed and divided: Ireland, divided by a line of barbarism which ·would not be tolerated in any <'ivilised Chr·ist{:in State .

EoIN MAc NEILL. <

' $T. PATR _ICK'S' ~ffGHT .·CON·C'ERT. 'l'he National H~.Jiday ¢ once.rt Committee have secured' the Rotunda Rink, tl~e l~rgest hail inIJublin, for this ye~t's event. The Hon. brg:ani~~r, l\'f~. Sean Doyle, · informs us thnt porti~n of the proceeds will be given . to the Arming . of Ireland Fund, and to the Irish La,nguage J<'11nd. ·

TH E IRI SH VOLUNTEER.

Satul'da.y; January 23, 1915.

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heights north of the River Aisne and ing in this reg;ion .the only item is the compelled to retire to the southern bank. nimoured capture by the Turkish vanThe Germans claim to have ca.p tured 35 guard of a troop of cavalry belonging to guns, and this is very probable as the the Anglo-Egyptian forces.

In Armenia disjointed :fighting confloods ~n the river swept away the French The mam interest of the European ];>ridges and a new bridge tlnown was tinues in the region north of Erzerum campaigns 'has again shifted to . the used to bring o:ff the infantry. The. a.n d west of Kars, which is a tangled Western front. In the East the weather French in this region had got withi~ a mass of mountains. It is evident that has prevented any operations involving dozen miles of Laon, an important centre. the Turkish revers'El at Sarikamish- the the movement of large masses, and there This and the presence of the German southern, end of the Rtissian railway is a disti.n ct pr()bability that the Ger- Emperor with his troops lends con,sider- throughw Kars-was not the· decisive mans may adopt the same course of ae"tion able significance to the success, which in event the Russians. hoped at first, and as in the West and entrench themselves conjunction with renewed artillery duels probably by this time the Turks ha.ve along the entii·e front . The presence of near Rheims, :inay mean that the Ger- been heavily reinforced . Indeed, it is an abundance of .heavy artillery in both mans intend a move against the French most likely t]iat reinforcements are the German and Austrian lines is an in- ·centre. This German victory offsets the e:oming up continuously . Apparently dication of this. Of course, a deadlock French successes in the Perthes- region the bulk of the Baghdad Arniy Corps has like .t hat obtainitjg in Belgium and Franc.e east of Rheims, where a fairly important gone towards Egypt, and consequently is not possible here because there will al- attempt to penetrate the German line was future reinforcements will be those from ways be ro~m on. the flanks to m.anreuvre. being made . On the other sections of Europe. These can be brought in either The- Russians;·. are beginning a new the front the· respective activities were of of two w_a ys: -The first and easies.t is by move.; .the exact importance of which it a minor character. sea to Trebizond: the second is' by rail In Asia there are signs of activity on to Angora, and thence by Sivas to is too soon · to judge yet. They are and Armenian fronts. Erzinjan. From Angora. to Ei·zinjan is moving down the right or eastern l)ank both the Syrian \ of the Yistula from Novo Georgiavsk to- 'l'he slowness of the 'l'urkish advance a long march, but the route is_.:.for wards 'l'horn, ' perhaps with a view to upon Egypt is supposed in some quarters Asia Minor- by no ' means excessively threatening East Prussia or in an effort to indicate that nothing serious is in- difficult. to pass to the Vistula and get in rear of tended . As a inatter of fact this is proMoreover, the Russian communication§ Von '.Hindenburg's_left wing on the other bably quite erroneous . 'l'he movement in this part of the world are not very bank.· The first,would be -a useless move ~gainst Egypt is an enterprise of great numernus_ in case they· should desire to as_ the Vistula,-fi;om Dant.zig to Thorn, is difficulty, and without thorough prepara- bring up heavy reinforcements. 'fhere 'the real ~efence of Germany in · this t ion· could not be carried out with any are only two routes .over the inain ridge qua'rter, .and no Russian success east of prospect of success . It is necssary to of the Caucasus- the great military road tha.t line can h;tve a decisive· e:ffect. ' The accumulate a considerable numerical through the Dariel Pass between Vladiother design i,s :i;nuch · easier to under- superiority, and i this the Turks have caucus and .Tiflis, and the railway round stand, as it might be possible fo cut th(] ·. probably accomplished by now . As far the Easte.rn flank of. the mountains from Thon1-Lo:vicz . railway near V.locla.v ek- . as Jerusalem the Turks have railwav com- Der bend to Baku- both on the Caspian an impod~·nt -line for the Germans. ·But, .' munication, and from there to El. Arish Sea . 'l'he Russians must use these for the . Yis~ula'' here is a huge . river; "~~~'· ' the communications are still good. All . ,they cannot transport troops in ' the , coul_d scarcelY,: be.. passed in~ £.ace <)'f -~n-~-· along this route. the advarrce. of the "'Black Sea-. 'Tu sum, the campai~fn will army: ther~~~no railway on the Rus~iJ}n ·:c: 'l'urkish troops is p·~dceeding, _ but the ,75 . be ·fough,l -i;i~ by-m~1c~ t-he : same: ·mimbank, witho~t which a larg~ force .could or so mile.s from ·El .Arish to the Suez hers as df-e""i'row eng-ag·ed, because the not be suppiied in Poland w.ith the roads Can:µ is over de~~'t. ·110 cross this the excess of reinforcements over losses. will in their; present condition~ l£ the Ger- Turks are accumulating a vast number not be very ;marked on either side.

The Turkish advance into Persia is a mans- as is pretty certain- have a flotilla of camels- now placed at .14,000-which of gunboats on the river any passing by are the best means of transport over such distinct operation from the· campaign the Russians -would be quite impossible . a country . . The weather does not become _ west of Lake Van . The troops engaged In the West there have· beeu renewed unusually hot for another month or six are :probably part of the Van Army activities at 11everal points . The general weeks, and not excessively so for some Corps, with a, large number of Kurdish line runs as follows : from Nieuport due months, so that there is no reason for the irregular cavalry . They have apparently · ' south to Roye- about 120 ·miles, thence Turks to begin their operations pre- . been reinforced by Persian tribesmen to a little south of eas~ to the Verdun region maturely. The· fact that the Turks do some extent and have succeeded in clear~ about 140 miles, south of Verdun the not control the sea has no vital import- ing Persia of the Russians. The expedi~ Germans still maintain their passage .ance . Napoleon advanced from Egypt to tion's immediate object is probably over the Meuse a.t St. Mihiel- the point- Palestine and retreated along the same · Baku, on the Caspian, important by of a wedge into: the :French fortified lin.e route, ·although the English controlled reason of the great oil-wells and of its between Verdun and Toul; from St. the sea for the entire period: and he was command of the railway to Europe. The Mihiel the French have bent in. the Ger- operating in hostile territory, too. The Russians will be compelled to send a ma·lj. line south of Metz, and then the line forces available for the defence of Egypt considerable force from Erivan to Julfa runs south-east to Mt. Dono!l west of are hard to estimate . Putting the Aus- to deal with the Turks and -thus weaken Strassburg, and thence almost du,e south tralians at 15,000, the New Zealanders their main force near Kars. 'A furthet to the Swiss frontier: fro:m Verdun t.o the at 7,000, the Egyptian Army at 25,000, possible outcome would be the· spread of · and English and Indian reinforcements the Holy War in Persia and Cenera.l Swiss border is ·almost 180 miles.

In all the fighting mi this point for the at 15,000, would rriake the total 62,000, A.sia . The · bulk of the Persians favour past week by far the most important which may be further increased to a the Turks, and it should be borne in operations were those comprised- in the limited extent . . It is very unlikely, how- mind that the language of the upper engagement north of Soissons on Janu- ever, that the n11mbers will ·eve.r exceed classes in Afghanistan is Persian. ary 14th- 16th. There, after severe 75,000, and if such is the case the task The week on sea and in the air has fighting a French force, said to 'be part of the defenders is very serious, even been an absolute blank. of three brigades, or nearly 20,000 men, allowing for the · unusual defensive was forced from its positions on the · strength of the position ~ 0£ actual fight- Voluniteers, Support Our· Advertisers.

THE WAR

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THE iRiSH VOLUNTEER,

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BOMBAR,DMENT OF

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The Irish V.o lunteer. . .

SATURDAY, JANUARY 23, 1915.

lE&DOUlRTERS BULLETIN

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'l'he Ce:ri.tral Executive of the Irish Volunteers met at Headquarters on Wednesday evening, 13th inst. , Mr. Joseph Plunkett presiding.

• The Director of T11aining submitted the final draft of the new Syllabus of Training, which was approved for publication.

Reports were submitted by the Directors of Organisation and Ordnance, and by the Finance Secretary.

It was decided that members of the Executive should address a special meeting of Dublin Volunteers, which the City and County Board was requested to summon.

Headquarters, 41 Kildare St. , Dublin, 13th Jan. , 1915. .

CoRRECTIOK. Ill the Circular on Recruiting published in the IRISH v OL UNTEER of 16th inst., Suggestion 2 was misprinted . It should have read : " (2.) Address personal letters .to all members of the Company who have fallen a,,·ay for uue:s.plain ed reaso11s, inviti11g them to come back to the ranks.''

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NOTES FROM HEA.DQUA.R'l 'ERS. RECRUITING.

Sahmiay, January 23, i915.

THE ·Tn.HNING SCHEME. The new Syllabus of Training is issued this week. It will be se·en that ·it . has a two-fold scope. In the first place it pl'O• vides a scheme of Training for the Com· panies, in the second it constitutes the programme on which candidates for permanent recognition as (a) Section- ·Com" manders or (b) Company and Superior Officers will be examined. The· same Syllabus fulfils both functions. because officers will be examined, not on a programme of theoretical knowledge, but on a ·programme of practical efficiency actually carried out in the Companies in which they work. Hence; an officer who desires permanent recognitic)n will ·have not so much to read up books (though the more books he reads the better) as to s-et himself to work to train his Company, Half-Company, or Section on the lines laid down. In assiduously training his unit he will be qualifying himself in the best . possible way ,to pass his examination and receive Lis permanent commission. 'l'he scheme aims at providing· an . allround training for everybody and a special training; for the specialists of our army. :Musketry, ·Bayonet-fighting, Scouting, Section and Company Drill, ·a certain amount of Signalling and Fiop.eering, are for everyone; in addition, specialists will specialise in each of these branches, . so as to be able to "direct the training ·of their fellows ; ·further, there are silbjects of advanced study-'-such as · Epgineering, Field Hospital work, etc.; . ~at .which only selected . groups need work. The intelligent a:pplfoa:tion ·of this ·scheme should :.produce. a vei-y. high ~egree of efficiency. Bef~:r e.:· the end of the year we oug·ht all to be {rained-and well trained-in all the essentials . of ·\ the soldier's profession .;· and in e\rery company there will be individuals highly trained in . each of several special branches.

It is to be hoped that the suggestions contained ·in last week's Recruiting Circular will be put in practice immediately.

It _is up to the Companies to make a determined effort right here to bring themselves up to full strength. 'l.'he :fl.owing tide is with the lrish Volunteers, and if ' ~e neglect to avail of it it will be. om' own fault. Now is -the time. The tinie may go: by . It will be ~ bitter thing if twelve months hence we find ourselves lamenting · that we have lost our chanc.e . \Ve have precious weeks and months at our dispo~a1 . Let us make use of them.

The task we have set ourselves is a . possible one. But it will rieed grit, hard work, above all, constant work. Let us set our teeth and get to work; and, GET TO WORK. having got to work, let us keep at work L et the Syllabus be put in operation at no matter what happens. Here is a once. Every Company, Half-Company, definite concrete thing to do as a start of' Section Commander must get busy in for the New Year : Bring back · the old his own unit". Every man has now a clear members, those who have simply fallen objective before him i he knows what he out of the ranks and would come back is expected . to · -master,-:-he knows what again with a little encouragement . . A.nd is essential, and what is non-essential. here is another thing to do or at any rate The officers especially are now being try : Bring every lad and young man in given their chance. Each has, · like your parish into the Volunteers . It may Napoleon's soldiers, a marshal's baton in prove easier than you think. . ;Have re- his knapsack. 'l'he good men will rise.

A.N foE~l.L. . cruiting marches, recruiting meetings, an odd social gathering. Put up posters, The ideal is a ·due combination of give out handbills. Chiefly and always,- general with speqial training. Each of use your personal influence. Just try us should aim at a good general know.what your personality is worth among ledge of Volunteer work, and at the same your friends. Every good and true man . time an a~curate special knowledge of can make himself to some extent a leader some p/articular department that appeals in. his om1 little circle . . It is not enough to us. In· other words, we oughtto give yom elf to th e Volunteer move- ..:_especially if we are officers-to··klio-w ment. Bri11g eYeryoue that calls you ~ometL ing about everything and eve1:yfriend. thing about something.

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THE. UUSH VOLUNTEl:A,

Saturday, JanuaTy 23, ·1915;

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IRISH BATTLES.

V.-'l'HE BA'I.1 'I.1LE OF AUGHRIM .

At the end of June, 1691 Athlone fell to Ginkel' s army and St. Ruth ·fell back across the Suck t~wards Ballinasloe, thus covering his communications with both Galway and Limerick, by one or other of which supplies and reinforcements from Irrance must necessarily come . Opinion was ·divided as t 9 what was the best couise to pursue against the English : number of officers were for blockading Ginkel in Athlone, which was possible from the nat ure of the country immediately to the west of the town . Such a course 'i:riight have been advantageous in tlie winter but scarcely in summer.

Another alternative was to . cross the Sha.nnon near Banagher and cut off Ginkel near Dublin. This would be a very bold move, indeed, and if it could be made would probably 11ucceed; but it is very unlikely that St. Ruth had at his· disposal the necessary transport facilities for· such a manceuvre . · St. Ruth himself was.-desirous of overwhelming Ginkel by a gFeat victory in a pitched battle,, and thought his course justified by the conditions . His forces were about equal to Ginkel's numerically, and were fairly well equipped in the main. : the year's hard campaigning since the Boyne had made exceJlent ·soldiers of those w.ho were then raw : their spirit was good: and finally ther'.e. _was · nothing in Ginkel's . _m ilitary record ' l<r illdicate that in fairly equal circumsta:ll,'ces he was anything ' like as good a. tactician '-as the French General.

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TH:":it

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main attack: he defended this point with four guns and a large section of his froops, extending· his line to the right to avoid being taken in flank. 'fwo small parties were thrown across the strea m to force the English to deploy prematurely on their own side of the stream . . 'f h e slope of Kilcommodan Hill down to the edge of the bog was a network of hig:h thick fences and he_dges, giving excelJent cover for skirmishers . Through these fences St. Ruth had cut broad lanes to facilitate the movement of troops from point to point. Finally, . a battery of three guns swept the bog in fro·nt and flanked the Pass of Aughrim. Sarsfield,

the latter , prolonging the line on thei1· own side of the river , prevented this, and the two bodies maintained a -brisk exchange of fire across t he stream . 'l'he Huguenot regiments ,~ere assigned the t ask of forcing the P ass of U rrachree . and pressed forward steadily, the Irish defenders holding the ground with great resolut ion until th e assailants advanced • and ac:.tualiy · thrust their muskets in through the hedges, whereupon they fell back in good order, fonning· behind each successive line of hedges to deliver their fire. At length the Huguenots were caught by a fresh fir e in flan.k, charged by a regiment of cavalry and forced back _ to the bog . 'l'he I rish infantry resumed their original station . The fighting in this quarter continued with great. stubbornness, a.nd Ginkel had to call up

BATT LE OF

AUGH RIM, .

Jullf 12,1691. _;~:·

~@""iiouND AND CONTENDING FoRcEs .

St. Ruth had reconnoitred an admir- with the cavalry 'reserve, was posted on able position about four miles south-west . the left rear of the hill. The numbei·s of Ballinasloe, · where Ginkel had no were about equal, 20,000 men on each choice but to fight him unless he was side. The quality of both troops and prepared to forego all idea of conquering officers was in the main excellent in both Connacht, and here he decided to give armies. battle, and drew up .hiS army accordingly.

THE BATTLE .

On July 11th Ginkel took post on the 'l'he Irish line ran for alm9st two miles along the slope of Kilcommodan Hill, an hills on the opposite side of the bog after eminence about 400 feet high and sloping a few affairs of outposts. On the 12th a easily towards a boggy . valley through fog hung over the field until noon. When which , ·in a. marshy bed, flowed a. small the fog · lifted Ginkel reconnoitred the It · was imperative for the Irish position and sent a. detachment to stream.

'Villiamite army to pass this obstacle, drive the advanced parties on St. Ruth's and it was passable for cavalry and guns right to their own side of the river, A only at two points, one on each flank. smart skirmish' was the result and the In · the centre small parties of infantry Irish succeeded in holding their own . could cross the bog over dry patches of Ginkel then held a council of war, land . The two points of passage on the whereat it was determine.d to attack, and flanks were the Pass of Aughrim on the the battle proper began _about five o' cloc.k left and the Pass of U rrachree op the in the afternoon . Ginkel in person right. The first of these was commanded directed the attack on Urrachree, Mackay

by Aughrim Castle, occupied by Col. that on Aughrim, the Duke of WurtemBurke with a regiment of infantry and berg commanding a thin screen in the two g uns, another detachment of infantry centre to be used 'vhen the fla nk attacks and some cavalry being held under cover had rirogressed. in rear to. support them . Unachrne was reo·illlents Ginkel extended his Dauish ' 0 weaker, and here· St. Ruth expected the to the ~eft to threaten the hish right, but

troops from his left to maintain the cont est. St. Ruth also reinforced his own troops and the assailants were kept well in hand.

On the other flank Mackay delivered his attack in two divisions, one olong the causewa y passing by the Castle of Aughrim, and the other across the bog on the left of the former and consequently more towards the centre of the line. This last body numbering about- 3,000 men, pushed across up to their .waists in mud and began a fight exactly similar to that carried on by the Huguenots on the left.

And with the same result: -the Irish fell ha.ck, firing from;: hedge to hedge, and then the local reserves checked them, and they were charged by cavalry and driven back in disorder. Nor did the column at Aughrim fare any better , being dr'.iven off repeatedly without being able _to come to close quarters.

But in the immediate neighbourhood of the castle, to the lefl-Macka.y' s left-of the P ass of Aughrim t wo regiments :rnccee.ded in effecting a lodgmPnt and maint ained au obstinate contest. Mackay prepared to lead his cavalry to improve

THE IR.ISH VOLUNTEER.

Satur<lay, hnual'y 23, 1915.

I. ._c_v_cL_is_r_. _TR_A_IN_I_N_G_{I___rA_c_r1_c_AL_P_R_o_eL_E,...;~M-s._:l

this slight advantage and began cl'ossing with them . Eventually the two troublesome regiments were forced back by the Irish horse, but the time had been valuable. However, St. Ruth had the battle II. SCOU'I'ING. well ·in hand along the entire front, and Solutions should reach the Editor . on · resolved fo meet this new moye with the 'I'he folloyi·ing are the subjects lll or before Monday, 1st Februai·y. They reserve cavalry. He called up half of it which Scouts .should receive special m- should be written on one side of pa.per a:qd prepared to lead jt himself, Sarsfield struction. 'I'hese subjects sho·u ld be in- ouly, and iiame, address, and unit of being ordered to stay where he was posted eluded in the trainin_g of all cyclists :sender should be enclosed. with the rest.

But as the Fl'ench 1. Ability to Find the! Way.-'I'he General cantered forward a stray eannon- seout sho1ild kno,,,. all his ov;·n distriut GENERA.I, IDEA . • shot took off his head, and the charge- thoroughly. He should cultivate the A Red force has succeeded in. landing and with it resistance on the left- habit of observation of roads, features in Galway Bay and has advanc'ed to1,:a.rds , eollapsed. Maekay hurried forward hor~ e of the la.udscape, direction of marnh, etc. Bailinasloe on its march to Dt~l;>lin. The a_nd foot, masked Aughrim Castle, and He should be able to find his way in a commander ascertains that the line of the roll~d up the troops opposing Ginkel strange country by an ordinary map or i~iddle Shani10n is too strongly. heid to from left to right. rhere. were a few rough diagram, by land marks, by ques- warrant the attempt to force a passage, stray cavalry encounters and then the tioning natives of the coun!_ry . and hfrns south to tum the defenders' 2. Use1of Eye a,nd Ear •.. He should be line by crossing below Lough Derg. TI:te - Irish infantry broke. 'I'he first warning Sarsfield had was the sight of the broken practised in observ:ing the · same distant o·n ly blue forces immediately a:~ailable in regiments streaming dowri the rnverse object both with and without glasses; in this quarter are the V olUntee·r s from slope of tlie hill. He ,:i•as just able to noting . small signs and details both far Clare, Limerick, Kerry and Cork. Outgain time for some units to re-form and a ,,-ay and ull(lerfoot; . i.n interpreting line the ~easures to te- f;ken by these c overed the retreat with his still intact various sounds; in detecting and report- several detachments ..to secure t1ie l{ne of cavali·y. · Fortunately it was d~sk when ing ambuscades and posts of the enemy; the river, . and gain time for reinforcein the use c_>f all his senses at night . the battle was over. ments to arrive? Blue's measures will Co:mrnNTs. 3. Concealmen:t . 'I'he importance ·of be substantially the same whatever the of Red 's force . .

It is impossible to convey all the taking cover and of selecting a back- strength '. mili_tary lessons of this battle in the space ground to suit the colour of his clothing ---·:··--at our disposal. N 0 other Irish battle is should be pointed 01~t; of remaining perNATIONAL F~STIVAL CEILIDH. woTthy of si:1ch careful study· as this. The £·ect1Y s t i'll ; of avo1.'d'mg th e s k-y-l'me; of.

1 t ' 1 k t We wish · to draw the attention of · · f f tactical ~kill and fighting 'q ualities dis- the use o · -trees; o se ec mg oo --ou · · · h. · . th · cl tt' Volunteers ' to a Ceilidh Mhor wh:ich js e move an ge mg Played on both side·s were of a1i .exceed- porn ts . w en on th · · · kl d beini:r oi·i:rnnised by the Dubl~n Dist.net · t · · f ingly high order. · St. Ruth's ·careful rom one · ci a.no er qmc - y an unseen . ~ ~ · ld 1· Council of Na Fianna ·Eireann, to c~leseiection of his positioi1, preparation of 4. Reporting. 'l'he _ scout shou . _ )e .,bra te the National ]'es ti val. . the grcnrnd fol' defence, and posting of his thoroughly '· instructed in 4ow tO' ma k-e a The Ceilidh, which will be h,eld on the · it . at the_ fi i·,st forces, wfo-e -v;:ithout fai1lt. Similarly, useful report-and make ' · · · 20th March ih_ the Banba the Englis)i. >plan· of 'a tmnin.g· mo-\'(:Jtn~nt .. possible opportuni,.t~- . . . . Hail, .1·P.arnell . .. . . · · . · · .-k · .. ~ ..

Square is bemo· oro·amsed on a laro-er 0 supported .by an attack on the 9ther··ftan 5. Judging Distance·.

'I'he scout ; · t'h . ? · A . 0 , · · · . ·· ···h· hl · . . . . :. . . ··; sea 1e an . in prev10us yea.rs. , ..s . a 11 at th~JH'Oper moment, was t 01'9n.g y . should -be a. ble ta-Jorm· a -fairly accurate.:"· . . . t · th h · cl f ':c· · t . . arran 0o·emen s are in e an s o... . a p ·· , ;,· . . · ·. '. - -·. · ·-·--· -- . souncl. lhe use of hedges for defence is estimate of distances long or short, by E M t' " A' ,, C · '·t·r-h · ·h· f · · cl 1 · th cl · . . . amonn ar in, n.. ompany, ose we 11 wort y o notice, an a so e evwe day or mght, and by the eye or by time . h .

I . h cl :· · · · · cl 0 of hurdles for crossing n1arshy ground,' of . As a rule scouts should be exercised in w . e.nJ?lYl l'lSd ancitp.g,, . smgb·ilng,. a.tlh·t . h· f ~.- k _, · f t , · . ·1 cl · f music w1 · spen a ~os enJoya e mg . w h ic some o lhac . ay s m an iy ava1 e working against detachments o troops 'I'" k . _ b bt · cl- f 'LT d w ets · can e o ame rom =ea ' 1 · t I .h y ( .t K'ld · St themselves . A1so Mackay s reso uhon to and not against other scouts. The former disregard the castle, press on and attack is more like war conditions ._ Scouting· is qu~r ers, ns f th 0 ~1.:n_ eers, · f ~ a~~., e cer~ 0 a.D iabnln~ , the enemy beyond it was the act of a learnt by intelligent and constant prac- or rom anyToh . wit · 11 rea 1 JU · cl gmen t . A s a ma tter· tice, and by hearing or rea d'mg th e ex- Eireann. e pnces aie 4/- -.ou e, :· so ld ier 2/6 Single. of fact, Burke was short of bullets in t h e periences of other scouts. Scouts and "Oglaigh !"

"Ar scath a cheile, castle.

It is notev;·orthy how little disp· atch riders should constantly study 'seadh mairid na daoine. '' Ginkel's superior artillery assisted the their maps, in order to know always their attack : .the artillery of those days could exact position, and be able to sum up the ---·:··- - not be manarnvred in sllpport of infantry. chances of concealn:i-ent or observation "C" COMPANY, 1st B~TTALION , 'l'he posting; of Sarsfield where he was offered by any particular road.

DUBLIN. and the nature of the orders given him Every scout should be occasionally A meeting of the above Company was were almost a direct insult : he was in no sent out on patrpl for distances of 50 held at 41 Pamell Square on the 14th position to be of any use in a crisis. The miles or more to develop his power of inst . Capt. Weafer, Company "E," 2nd fighting was very bloody, the English finding . his way, his . intelligence and Batt., attended on behalf of the:.. City and losing some 2,000 men and the Irish fully self-reliance : As ~ rnle trained scouts County Board. twice that number . · work in pairs, but young soldiers should The following were unanimously be sent out al~ne with definite m1ss1ons elected :-Capt., T . F . Dolan; 1st Lieut., to give them confidence.

-Ask ·f or F. Fahy; 2nd Lieut:, James Brady.

Capt. Weafer congratulated the Com.o.n -cob-o.n. n.o.omtc.. pany on the · selectio:i:i of oi!J.cers, who . ' . .

CHARM-ING . IRISH . OPERETTA and would, he feH confident, . devote their MANUFACTURED BY best e:ff orts towards the efficiency and GRAND .CONCERT success of the Company .

C.Y.M.S. HUL, HARRINGTON STREE°T 'I'he newly-eleqted officers r~sponded in On WEDNESDAY JANUARY 27th, at 8 p.m. suitable terms.

S. C. ROAD, DUBLIN. ADMISSION 2/·, I/· & 6d. C.hildren half-price

VOLUNTEER SAUCE TWINEM. BROS.,

\

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THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

Saturday, January 23, 1015 .

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.<\ r5e'1L rem r5e'1L 5'16 e1nne, A5ur Ui 1UtS'11tte An t:-A1!'5eA'O. tli he . 50 !)pU1\. '. UU1l f<.\n A1!'5eA'O Al,Se.- - nil. ____ '{)o b'j!edttl\ Le 11U.1 ll_.}_tS'-'ILLe,_1 5corimd16e t>e1t'.A5 c.1b~11't: u.uo 1on.&. tie1t A5 b.11trns<\'6 tu15·e 1rte4c. 1r e· .6t:.& .65 b:&lllt: co'OALt:A . nA h01'66e '6e r.&. l.&.t-d ll' 5unnAi '00 l)e1t le rAs..\1t A1St; Asur 5'-'n 5LA0'6A6 011¢'A A5 05l..\C.6.1l'>. ffi.ll' A 'Olltll\Af, t:A reA6t:rild1tl 0 tom. Ann, 1r rem1tt sunndi 'Oo 6eAnn<:\6 .Ano1r Act: An c-A1tt5eA'O 'OO 6u11 rior tto1ril-tte. .<\on t>ur6e<in 05LA6 A t>pu1l le.1t-6e.\'O pun~ nO r16e punt: nO 'Oe1c bpumc relll 1 'Ot:A1r:se . ~CA, t:<\l'l'Aln51'0if .6f An ft:OC.d ""'" t:ru1m .<\11151'0 rtn 45ur reoldmir cum Ui R.1tS'11LL'.e f. - CU1ttpeA11 -tu.A6 An A11151'0 ·. 'Oe l ·unn.di.l'.> t'1l' n-A1r cuc.:1 s.10 110-rilo1Ll rse.A~,

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DUBLfN CITY AND CO. BOARD, 41 Kildare ..· Street .. .

Squads attending any of the ranges for mu.isketry _instruction should be accompanied by an officl:lr, who will keep a record of the scores '. fi.s the Treasurer is making out a statement of amount lodged to the credit of ·each Compa-ny, any Treasurer wP,o has ·not received full receipts should send' particulars at once to Proinsias 0 Fathaigh, B.A. , at..41 ·Kildare Street.

Saturday Battalion 'drill at Larkfield and Fairview were resumed . . on Saturday, 16th inst. An important scheme of work has been drafted and it is essential . that all Vohrnteers should attend punctu. ally at 3 p.m. in future. . Newly- elected D~legates will please note . that · the ;Comity Board meets at 8 p.m. on Tmesdays. · . 'I'. SLATER, HoP. Sec .

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'C.i mA co5d'6 61''-'0l\.}5 .611 fU'O n'1 heo11p'1 n .1 ceA'Ot:'1 'Oe milt:tt:> 1 'Ot:t1eArtn'01u.' .A1l'.> lld 5c.~t·, ntott remed'O All bUdUl'.>dll t nefttmn 50 f01\.l. . .<\'cc CA l'>p1or uumn trd~ 1 5c1onn. bl16'(>n'1 no le.1t-t>L1.1'6ll6 'Oo f61'0fltle e? 1r mAlttS rmn mA tlimi'O ?:jdll Al1m6l'f> An lA r111. m.& l)imio, 1r Ot1."11lll fem t'>e.Ar .<\ ril1lte.An. 1r piOl' 50 l~putl A re.A6i: noic1tl 'QA n'OeAn61i1 A5 :S.1l lA1ti 6um 411\m '00 cor5 'OjtAltltl. 1r pi011 50 l)pUll A Uri :oe S<1e'(>eAL<11tl meAtt:.1 A5 cu101u5A'6 fott~A6t: rm. 1r cuin.1 rlll. njol' Lep te1p "111 )!e.Sn An m1rms tt1.1ril . m te1pr1t> · 011A1ilne. tlil A5 . t:e1pe.At> 0114111111 <:\no1r · rem. 'C~ AS e111se Ltnn. 'Cu1tle , u m1rms, t:Ullled'O fdotd1r, CU1ll,ed'O fO i E;'Oe-r111 A t:>pui~ Udllln~ 01b111s1mir ltnn .05ur ""l'- . n'006:11r -'r '0141.

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'C.i dll r5e.i1l 'OOlld 50 Leo!' A5 :S.le6edlA1tl Anoir.

-6. t'.>rul'ril61' ceAnnru1ste no, ceAnnu1s-ee, 415ur 111srie.~s.&n · 'Oioti AS reAfdril, AmAc fdn mbeAl'm.Am l'.>AOSdll. .<\Ct: be1U .On dir-e11\1Se .Ann, m~\l' <\ 'OUtlA1)1C .on p1Le c11.&t. tli he.At>, A6t: t:.\ .An 411re11'1~e Ann 6~dnd pe1n.

'Cl1151mir e fill :SO be<:\~t:.

'Cu) s1_mir .. so l)pu1L i::ornu1E;te .6~ t.10tt'1t> :SAe'Oe'1l. · 'CJ. .cum -· '15.1mn'. A5ur ' mun,A riru1Lrnl'O fA011 6e.u1 ., t:<\ rJr Al' r'1ott,t.1 A5'111ln, .1 .01rm A:sur rum <\5 'Oul tnA 'l>t:A1t15e. bAtL 'Oe .Af1. '1n ob.}11\ ! . p6.'0R-6.1C 6.C Pl 6.R6.1S.

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I

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THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

8

Sat urday! January 23, 1915 . . usual run of verse, hut I must protest ~ \\' ht::n the burthen of a p\lg'e _and a half of

verse happens to be the colour of a feHo_w 's hair.

w:u.UE NErnON .

.~--11111!!11!--------""""'---'""""~.......... .····"'

VOLUNTEERS ;"''

B·e ·Photographed M; \ remarks of last week have called sluaiKhte outside Dublin. If we succeed • BT forth an indignant letter from a lieutenant in attracting fifty boys from the country in the Dublin Battalion. I will not · do sluiighte and give t}lem a solid month's my g;allant friend the injustice of pub- training it wilf be worth a dozen orga75 lr• ~orset S~., Dublin-. lishing his inediev:al epistle. In th most nisers on the road. I would just like to chivafrous .f!J.shiop. (a la Don Quixote) say one word reg~rding the /site of the Compiµiy Group a §pecfality._ he takes down his. lance from its rest; and camp. If possible secure a. site nea! the with a "Defend yourself, Churl," he sea; if not, the qamp must be situated rushes full tilt upon me. I will just give near a good river or lake. A swim in the you the last and most polite paragraph morning adds one hundred per cent. to of his letter prec!sely as"'ft -is written : the enjoyment' of a camp. . "Permit; me, ~id of big' words ,. and * * * Highest Crade ,,..Lever 1)1ovements •. little ·. sense, to. q1:1ote you our manifesto ... ·...;; I am inf_ormed that there is a move~ on · published last year : ' The Fianna will to form the older . groups in the Fianna PRICES LOWEST POSSIBLE F9R C~SH. constitute ; what the old Irish- call the "into cyclist patrols. They a~e· to underMacradh, or boy troop, of the Volunteern, -take mo:i;e advanced reconnoitring work CATALOGUES FREE. and will correspond to what is called in and must be all expert in the MQrse , -: France an Ec0le Polytechnique or Mili- code.

Opposite· O'CONNEL'" MONUMENT, DUBLIN. tary School.' :" Now what I want to Tel.egram1: "Meyth,r, Dublin." * * * _ Telephone: 3569. know is-; wha t has this to. do with Piy reThe Cadet Classes have been very marks of _last week? Pe.r_haps some . en- poorly attended since Christmas. Attendlightened scout will be able to give me ance at the' rifle ' range was also very -an . inkling. The military . mind is a po~;" Re-unions, -c.e ilidhthe, etc. , . may ·FOR,.. VOLUNTEERS~ .· ,,.. problem, ind·eed. ac:eount for but do not.justify this aherra-.

B.S.A. Rifles, .No. 2 Model, 22 cal.

301. tion. * 45s.

War Oflic~ Mii:iiature Rifles, 22 cai.

At the la!lt Ard-Fheis it was an instruc* up ' to B.S.A. Air Rifles, .shoots accurately The first issue of "Fianna.,' ' the new tion to the Central Council tO arrange 25 yards· ; . . . . . · :. . · . . . _ . .. 451. this year a Summer Training ·camp near monthly paper, will make its appearance . Militia Air Rifles, s·hoots accurately up to 25 yards ... ... :.. ·:· · ... '· · 321.

Dublin. It was agreed that this would on the 1st February. -It will contain the 12s; .6d. be of great assistance to the country first chapter of a new serial story written· Goth, 20th Century Rifles, 22 cal, officei;s and would strengthen the bond specially for " Fianna " by Mr. P. -H. 22 ~im Fire Cartridges (';arious brands).

Spotshot Target Rifle, Aperture of comradeship through · the whole or- Pearse; Headmaster of St. Enda's Col:. Greener sights, 22 cal. . . . · ~ 40s. ganisation-. I think it · is not a ·bit too lege. Articles, stories; poems; reports B.S.A. No. 12 model Targ~t Rifle, 22 cal., with aperture -sights, £lie best Mii:iiasoon to urge the Central Council to get from - sluaighte, and notes on current. ture Target Hifle on the markeh £4 _3s. 6d . busy ·on tlie scheme. In tbe first place . a:ff~irs will form the main features 6£ the they; should find out.. the month most con- new paper. venient to the g1~eatest numbe!', and also * * * . ' .

• i' ' I close my remarks this y1-eek 'vith ·a · Gun and Rifle publish as _f'arly as possible the cost- of Maker & , Ammunition Mercha!!t, .·the camp. per week for each boy attend- \Yord of advice to 'the poets and patriots 3 fNN'S QUAY~ DU~._IN • . -. ·. ing. Ev~ry fa cility to a_ttend should be wh~ . have nothing'. better to do exc,e pt write verse. I hav.e no objeetion to the ~given . to boys of the right stamp from

Keogh BPothe:rs

,

Hopkins & Hopkins' Wristlet Watches•

~

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TAJ:tGET -RIFL.ES

L. KEEGAN

Patlalid -

-Look out for First Issue of

TOBACCO .

''·FIANNA"

F>RICE ONE . · PENNY.

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Cond:ueted by members of Na -Fianna Eireann.

On Sale Everywhere Feb. 1st.

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FOR VOLUNTEERS.

W. & M. TaYLOR,

DUBLIN.

H. Holohan & Co., Importers and Exporters of Malacca, Basket, Toy aitd Pulp cane. and White _Sticks · and Osiers.

·1 782

The Volunteer Boots.

13/6 -

To .

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Manufacturers of Art Wicker F!Jrniture, 'rravelllng, Laundry and Factory Hampers. Wicker Trucks and Handcarts, etc.

16

USHERS' QUAY, DUBLlJt• . G.P.O. CONT-RACTORS.

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Specially designed for marching, and m~nufactured . Telephone 2921..

Found~d 189$, in my own factory -by Irish 1 rade Union Labour.

Post Orders promptly attended to. · ~ ,.

Printed for the Proprieton bJ' P.1UB9ir, 3 Yarn-

JOHN M.ALO-NE, NORTH KIN,O STREET, DUBLIN.-··

,_

.Bun

_ball St., Dublia, and . pu?liahaj ·at _the Yolunteer Headquarte~a, 41 Kildare St., Dublin.

::

SUPPLEMENT · TO THE IRISH VOLUNTEER. ,

.

\

PROGRAMME ·OF . MILITARY. TRAINING AND SYLLABUS OF OUALlfYING EXAMINATIONS FOR 'OFFICERS. All Compauies allCl Half-Companies "·ill l;e instructed henceforth in the follo"·ingsubjects :1.- lnfanitry Dril l and Tacti cs.

(a) 1.'he Squad, the Section, thr.; Half-Company, and the Company .

Work and Duties of Squad and Section Commanders. (b .) 'rlie Company and the Battalion. Work and Duties of HalfCompany and Company Commanders.

The opt ional subjects fo1; A . 'vill l>e :VIII. (a), IX. (a), and X. (a).

B. 'l'lie obl igatory subj eet>s for B " ·ill be:-

1. (b) , the advf.tnced portions of II., III. , IV., V., and VI., and the whole of VII. 'l'he optic·n,al subjects fo r H will be :VIII. (b), IX. (b), and X . (b).

.

I I .- Musketry.

11 !.-Bayonet and Pi ke• Fighting.

I V ,- Physical Train;ing.

V ,- Scouting and Signalli ng.

V i .- Entre,nehments and Barri cades.

V I I .- Camps and Bivouacs. and Supp ly .

I. (a), aml the elemenb).'y portions of •·II., III. , IV., V ., <.md VI.

Transport

Iushuction iu subjects I . to VI., inclusin, will be proceeded with immediately .

Iustruction in subject VII. may b~ postponed until further order. \Vhere possil>le, however, lectmes in the theory of the subject should be gi,'en, and preparations made for practical- training dming the summer months .

Special sections will be instructed m the following three sul>jects :VI I 1.- (a) First-Aid; (b) Ambulanee1.

IX.-(a) and (b) Militar·y Engineer· inig.

X.- (a) and(b) Work o•f Armoure•rs.

Special handbooks of instr~10tion in all these subjects arn being prepared at Headquarters . Pending the publication of these, a series of notes calculated to assist Officers and Instructors will be contributed to the ImsH VOLUNTEER. Details of the Programme are indicated in the following Sylla bus of· Qualifying Examination for O.fficers . As 'this Examination will be open to Irish Volunteers of all i:anks, and will be a test rather of practical experience and ability than of theoretical knowledge, it will be abso lutely n.e cessary for all candidates to have \Yorked in Companies which have been trained in su bjects I. to VI. above.

1.'he Examination will be in two parts, A and B . Examination B to be held some months after Examination A .

A . 1.'he obligatory subjects for A will be:-

All eaudidates for A and B will be required to havle a. tho~·ough knowledge of the Constitution and Scheme of Military Organisatiou of the hish Volunteers.

A pass in Examiuation A will qualify an Irish Volunteer for the rauk of Seetion Commander, and for admission to Examina.tion B. · A pass in examination B '''ill qualify au Irish Volunteer for the rank of HalfComixmy or Coru'panv .Officer . _\ ; olunteers who cl~ not seek qualification for these ranks will be permitted to take the Examination in one or more of the special subjects, VIII., IX., and X. It will be understood that these are to be qualifying examinations, not competitive . They wiU be in the inain. oral and practical, though candidates .will be required to show proficieucy in the ''-riting of reports aud orders, · aud may have to write solutious of simple tactical problems . ·

SYLLABUS. !.-IN FA NTR Y DRI L L AND T ACTI CS.

(a) FOR SECTION COMMANDERS .

PRACTICE.

Squad, Section, and Compauy Drill in dose and open order . . Section Commanders must be able to train aud handle a Section and a Co111pa11y in close and open order ·drill, with and without arms, 111 musketry exercises, fl.re · control, etc. 'l'HEORY.

Duties of Squad and Section Commanders in t ime of war. Control of Squads a.n d Sections forming part of attacking and clefending ·forces . Control of Squads and Sections actin·g alone . How to advance over open country. How to advance over close or broken country. How

to advauce uuder fire . \Vhen aud how to take advantage of cover. \Vlien cover should not bEJ. taken. How to surmount obstacles, Cl'Oss barbed wire, rivers, etc ., "·itl1out assistauce from eugiueers . Fire co i~trol-:passin g of siguals and commauds; iss uiug- n.ml carrying out 01·ders for sighti1)g, elev . .ition, and defl ection; ensming conect adjustment of sights; regulating th.e volume of fire ; collecting and re-distributing ammunition of casualties; ~esponsi.bility for replenishme11t of ammupitiou supplies -in the firing liue. (b) F R HALI<'-CO:MJ>ANY AND COM-

PANY OFFICEHS .

Iu adr1itiou to being al>le to trniu tlie Sectio!i Commanders·- in the foreo·oiuo· ~ 0 0 Sylhibus,J:>1u.cT:r:cE . ·Ail close aucl open order drill up to arnl iuclu.d ing Battalion drill. :Field Manreuv-res, inducling -simple tactics. Infantry in attack and defence, division of force, choice 'of position, efo. J:>rotection ' 011 the maidt-.A.dvancecl. griards; rear guards, iiank guai·ds. Protection \vhen at r est..::..

Outposts, day and night. 'I'he telling off and posting of guard and outposts . 'l 'he selection of groimd for outposts, etc . ·111-IEORY. Pire conh:ol-:..When to opeu and eease fire in attack and defence. Circumst,rnces governing the volume of fire . Objects of · rapid fire and 'vlien it should be used.

Methods of indicating targets . Methods of · ascertaining and keeping enemy's range.

Infantry in attack and in defenceDivision: of forces (firing line, supports, local and general reserves) . Reasons for such ,d ivision and specal duties of the seve):al bodies. Control of these bodies in action. General methods of advancing iil attack .

Comnrnnicutions. Ammunition supply, how maintained. Special duties of Company hnd Half-Company Commanders in addition to superintending their commands when 'the Company is acting as part qf a larger -force . Observation and reporting of signals and movements of the enemy's forces. Writing of correct reports and orders . Maintenance of communications with all other units and with the base.

Observing and supporting movements of other units and reporting intended movements.

Systems and methods of ensuring co-operation of all

••

SUPPLEMENT TO THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

11.

0

units.

Maintenance of ammunition supply.

Advancing through hostile country. The Company as advanced or rear guard.

Outpost· Duty. General rules as to strength of sentries, piquets, supports, etc., by day and night in relation to force to be protected, nature of country, proximity of enemy, etc . Choice of position for outposts . Preparation of ground . Instructions to sentries . Use of signs and pass-words . Conduct of sentries, piquets,' supports, and reserves when attacked .

11.- MUSKETRY.

l. Parts of the Rifle.

2.

3. ing ning 4.

Care of the Rifle .

Use of the Rifle- Loading-SightAiming - Firing Positions - Runto firing positions.

Visual Trai11ing-J udging distances..

111.- BAYONET AND PIKE FICHTINC . l. Guard, points, and parries.

2 . Advancing and retiring .

3. Single combat and fighting m squads.

4. Assault and defence .

5. Close-quarter fighting - shortening arms-use of rifle-butt-tripping.

6. Substitutes for rifle when practising (duminy . rifle, pole, hurley, etc.) . Use of spring bayonet . Wall-pad .

7. Special pike exercises .

IV.- PHYSICAL TRAININC. . l. Setting-up exercises- wrists, arms, legs, trunk, neck, shoulder.

Handgri ps . Breathing exercises.

2. General exercises- arms, leg, trunk, shoulders. Balancing . Route marches by day and night. Doubling. Marking time at the double (a hundred up) .

3. Combined and correcting exercises.

4. Gymnastics .

Use of improvised apparatus (rifles, tables, chairs, etc.).

5. Athletics- running, jumping, boxing, wrestling, etc .

V.- SCOUTINC.

1. Cycle drill.

2. Map i;eading-map drawing- sketching . (Use of camera also strongly recommended .)

3 . Signalling.

4. Reports- Despatch-riding .

5. Reconnaisances - Patrols- Estimation of strength of enemy.

6. Use of scouts in covering march, attack, defence, a'nd outposts.

7. Field Engineering .

Demolitions with and without explosives.

8. Special Scout-craft . How to find way by day and night___..:.U se of .compass, stars, etc. - Tracking - Keeping fit Cooking, etc. - How to assist wounded

comrade-Surmounting obstacles (including swimming of rivers, etc .)- Spying-:-Horse-mastership .

I

Vl.- .E NTRENCHMENTS AND BARRICADES. l. Natural ground features in relation to skirmishing . · 2. Conversion of these into good fire cover .

3 . Various forms and means of entrenchment while under fire'.

4 . All forms and systems of deliberate entrenchment (those works undertak en while not in presence of the enemy), including all means of obstruction, barbed.: wire entanglements, alarm signals.

5. Street barricades, and the use of buildings in defence.

6. Technical terms in connection 'l'l·ith entrenchment. Tools used.

Vll.- (a) CAMPS AND BIVOUACS. l. Choice of site.

2. Preparation of site. 'l 'ent-pitd1ing, etc.

3 . :Field Cookery, making of fieldovens, etc.

4. Water supply .

5. Sanitation- Personal hygiene, care of feet, teeth, etc.; 19-trines and urinals; disposal of refuse .

6. Protection-"-Alarm posts; outposts , an.d .piquets. , 7 .: Disti:1but1on of troops.

8. Duties of officers in camp.

VI 1.- (b) TRANSPORT AND SUPPLY. .

Care and feeding of a'n imals- Packing -Loading of pack animals-General work and duties of Transport and Supply Section in Coni.pany-Its position on march and in action.

VII 1.- (a) F IRST·AI D. l. Elementary Anatomy and Physiology.

2. Struct ure of the human body and nervous and muscular systems.

4. Haemorrhage and ·vascular system.

5. Asphyxia in relation to res.p ira tory system. U nconsciqus condition·s.

6. Artificial respiration, etc.

7. Digestive system. · 8. Poisons and their treatment.

9. General instruction on wounds, burns, scalds, foreign bodies in the eye, etc.

10. Methods of transport by hand seats.

Vlll.- (b) AMBULANCE . l. Stretcher exercises.

2. · Improvised stretchers .

3. Ambulance waggons .

4. Exercises with general service

Saturday, January 23, 1915.

-w aggons

or country carts- Carriage by horses .

5. Methods -of carrying stretchers over obstacles.

6. 'l'ents and shelters.

7 . .Preparing beds and bedding for reception of the wounded and sick.

8. Sanitation.

9 . 'l'ransport by rail.

IX . -MI L ITARY ENCINEERINC . (a) l. Conventional mapping signs.

2 . .Mapping scales, ordinary or improvised.

3. Special study of contour mapping.

4. Field geometry and field level.

5. '11he elements of Surveying .

6. Working parties and execution of work .

7. Tools and materials .

8. Cordage and use of spars .

9. Mechanical contrivances.

10. Boning and levelling.

11. Tracing and profiling.

12. Revetments and allied work.

13. Demolitions .

14. Glossary of Technical terms . (b) 1. Electric and other power supplies. ·2. Special works- Roads; cuttings; earthworks; drainage; embankments; sanitation; waterworks; canals; bridges.

X.- WORK OF ARMOURERS. (aJ l. Hifles and carbines .• 2. Pistols and revolvers .

3. Bayonets and pikes .

4. Bicycles. (b) 1. Motor-cycles and motor-cars .

2. Machine-guns .

'l1EX'l'S. An early issue of the IRISH VOL UKTEER will contain a list of books suitable for study by Irish Volunteers. All Officers who oan buy it, will find in LieutenantColonel Kinsman's "Tactical Notes, 1914" (published by :M:essrs. Ponsonby, Lt(! ., Grafton Street, Dublin, at 5/- net), most valuable information and instruction on most details of this work.

Pending the publication by Headquarters of notes and handbooks of instruction, Volunteers must still be referred to the British War Office Manual o·f I nfanitry T raining, 1911.

'11 he foregoing Programme of Military

Tra{ning and Syllabus for Examination have been duly adopted by Headquarters.

The Programme comes into force as from this date. · , THOMAS MAcDONAGH, Director of Training.

Headquarters, 41 Kildare Street, Dublin, 13th January, 1915 .