ForeigninRelations Heritage Hong Kong - Declared Monuments International Affairs Hong Kong Cuba’s once-ambitious foreign policy has Island been scaled back and redirected especially as a
result of economic hardship after the collapse of the Soviet block. During the following 01 Rock Carving at Big Wave Bay periodo especial bilateral cooperations have been established with several South American countries, most notably Venezuela and Bolivia. Although relations with the neighbouring United States have not improved since 1980, Cuba has developed a growing relationship with the People’s republic of China and 38 Law Uk Hakka House ~1700 40 Old Wanchai Post Office retains varying diplomatic ties with the EU. In all, Cuba is having formal relationships with 160 nations. Cuba is a founding member of the ALBA, the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas, which is a counterweight-concept to the US-promoted ALCA (Inter-American free trade). Furthermore, Cuba is a member of 56 The Exterior of University Hall 1861 57 Hung Hing Ying Building the Non-Align Movement and hosted its 2006 summit. The most significant international relations of Cuba are economical relations, and have been growing since the 1995 Foreign Investment Act. While most of the foreign investment partners operate within the Cuban joint ven43 Clock Tower 45 Former British reSchool ture system, there is 1913 somewhat ofKowloon a triangle lationship observable between Cuba, Venezuela and China, that seems to go beyond the trading. It may seem as a new kind of “tropical socialism”, but is not. There are strong bilateral ties in order to advance complementary political & economical interests. However the relationship between1786 Cuba12 and Venezuela is a 10 Sam Tung Uk Village Old District Office North crucial one. As the crude oil support from Venezuela is strengthening independency from the US, the cuban physicians & nurses can be seen as a political promotional instrument for Hugo Chavez and his party. As China’s economy is generally trying to grow within the western hemisphere, the people’s republic posseses the 30 Liu Man Chek Tong Ancestral Hall 1751 31 Old House Veto in the UN, which can be seen as a counterweight to the US Veto. Although both countries have common political ideals, China is mostly relying on the economical output. The most difficult relationship of Cuba is the one to the USA. Additionally to the still ongoing economical embargo (since 1959), the 61 I Shing Temple States declared 1718 the 64 Helms Tower + WallsLung Yeuk Tau United Burton Act in 1996, which allows filing an action against companies which are trading with Cuba and the US in the same time. As time has shown, the Helms Burton Act is not able to be executed consequently, however deals are being made through so called “waives”, and updates the more 76flexible. 75 Tsuiof Sing Lau Act Pagodamade it ~1350 Hung Shing There Temple is a certain pressure on the US to break the embargo in order to open up the market, which grows more and more promising, as investments by Spain, Canada eand other economical partners of Cuba have shown. Sources Sources http://havanajournal.com, http://havanajournal.com, 2007 ? 07 Tung Chung Fort 06 Rock Carving on Po Toi Island 2007 Daniel Daniel Erikson: Erikson: Cuba, Cuba, China, China, Venezuela: Venezuela: New New Developments Developments University University of of Texas, Texas, Houston, Houston, 2004 2004 Venezolanische Venezolanische Bruderhilfe Bruderhilfe für für Kuba: Kuba: NZZ NZZ Online, Online, Richard Richard © ETH Basel Bauer, 2007 Bauer,Studio 2007
DRAFT DRAFT © ETH Studio Basel
LA LAHABANA HABANA
?
08 Gas Lamps
1875
15 Tin Hau Temple
1810
25 Old Stanley Police Station
1859
26 Old Supreme Court
1912
27 Main Building HKU
1910
28 Rock Inscription at Wong Chuk Hang ?
36 Flagstaff House
1914
52 Gate Lodge
1884
53 Central Police Station Compound 1864
54 Former Central Magistracy
1846
37 Former French Mission Building
1917
1913
55 Victoria Prison Compound
1841
TRINIDAD TRINIDAD
PUERTO PADRE PUERTO PADRE
USA
MOA MOA
1912
41 Old Pathological Institute
1905
42 Western Market
1858
46 Main Building St. Stephen’s Coll. 1923
49 The Helena May main building GUANTANAMO GUANTANAMO
SANTIAGO SANTIAGODE DECUBA CUBA
Kowloon
No.1 No.1 Foreign Foreign Investments Investments in in natural natural resources: resources: Nickel Nickel
1919
58 Tang Chi Ngong Building
1929
59 Government House
1851
60 St. John’s Cathedral
1847
ECONOMIC ECONOMIC SYMBIOSIS SYMBIOSIS POLITICAL POLITICAL TENSIONS TENSIONS
70 St. Joseph’s College
1864
80 Cape D’Aguilar Lighthouse
INTERESTED INTERESTED IN IN
24 Hong Kong Observatory SHAPING THE SHAPING THE
1875
51 Former M+P Headquart. Comp.
1884
62 Remnants of South Gate of KWC 1847
63 Former Yamen Building of KWC 1847
NICKEL ? 03 Rock Carving on Tung Lung Island SUGAR HEALTH CARE EDUCATION
02 Rock Carving on Kau Sai Chau
CHINA
13 Sheung Yiu Village
~1860
16 Rock Carving at Lung Ha Wan
?
17 Island House
1905
18 Site of Chinese Customs Station
1868
35 Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb
25-200
CLASH CLASH OF OF IDEOLOGIES IDEOLOGIES
VETO VETO RIGHT RIGHT IN IN THE THE UN UN ECONOMICAL ECONOMICAL INTERSTS INTERSTS IN IN WESTERN WESTERN HEMISPHERE HEMISPHERE 1907
1883
POST-CASTRO POST-CASTRO CUBA CUBA INTO INTO DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY & & FREE FREE MARKET MARKET
New Territories 1900
SINCE SINCE 1959 1959 REVOLUTION REVOLUTION NO NO DIPLOMATIC DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS RELATIONS ECONOMICAL ECONOMICAL EMBARGO EMBARGO HELMS-BURTON HELMS-BURTON ACT ACT (AND (AND THE THE WAIVES) WAIVES)
19 Man Wun Fung Ancestral Hall
~1800
?
04 Rock Inscription, Joss House Bay ~1274
INVESTMENTS INVESTMENTS & & TRADING TRADING NICKEL NICKEL & & OTHER OTHER MINERALS MINERALS GROWING GROWING INTEREST INTEREST IN IN TOURISM TOURISM 20 Remains of Ancient Kiln 1674 23 Man Mo Temple & & AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE
~1900
09 Tung Lung Fort
~1700
29 Old Tai Po Market Railway Station 1913
ELECTRONICS TEXTILES TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
CUBA
1904
32 Tai Fu Tai Mansion
1865
33 Kun Lung Gate Tower
1744
34 Yeung Hau Temple
~1800
39 Old House
~1900
TRADING TRADING & & INVESTMENT INVESTMENT IN IN
44 Kang YungAGRICULTURE Study Hall 1736 47 Yi Tai Study Hall OIL, & OIL, AGRICULTURE & ENERGY ENERGY
~1850
CRUDE OIL
48 Walls + Towers of Kun Lung Wai INDEPENDENCY ~1700 50 Entrance Tower of Ma Wat Wai INDEPENDENCY
~1770
FROM THE THE FROM US-EMBARGO US-EMBARGO
ALBA ALBA (Bolivarian (Bolivarian Alternative Alternative for for the the Americas) Americas) DUTY DUTY FREE FREE IMPORTS IMPORTS INVESTMENT INVESTMENT BOOSTING BOOSTING TECHNICAL TECHNICAL & & EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL COOPERATIONS COOPERATIONS ~1300
65 Tang Chung Ling Ancestral Hall
1525
66 Cheung Shan Monastery
1789
67 King Law Ka Shuk
?
68 Cheung Ancestral Hall
1851
69 Fan Sin Temple
~1750
1899
77 Tin Hau Temple
?
78 Hau Ku Shek Ancestral Hall
1762
79 The Morrisson Building
1936
81 Leung Ancestral Hall
~1800
82 Chik Kwai Study Hall
1912
73 Tang Ancestral Hall
~1300
74 Yu Kiu Ancestral Hall
~1500
NET NETVALUE VALUEOF OFVENEZUELAN VENEZUELANOIL OILSUBSIDIES SUBSIDIESTO TOCUBA CUBA 2003: 2003:US$503 US$503million million(25) (25) 2004: 2004:US$826 US$826million million(26) (26)
VENEZUELA
CHAVEZ CHAVEZ -- CASTRO CASTRO POLITICAL POLITICAL INTERESTS INTERESTS IN IN POWER POWER WITHIN WITHIN THE THE INTER-AMERICAN INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM SYSTEM
72 Tang Lung Chau Lighthouse
CUBA'S CUBA'SHARD HARDCURRENCY CURRENCYEARNINGS EARNINGSFROM FROMCOOPERATION COOPERATIONWITH WITHVENEZUELA VENEZUELA Cuban CubanExports Exportsto toVenezuela: Venezuela: 2001: 2001:US$34 US$34million million(20) (20) 2002: 2002:US$25 US$25million million(21) (21) 2003: 2003:US$154 US$154million million(22) (22) ** Payments Paymentsto tothe theCuban CubanGovernment Governmentfor forServices Servicesof of Cuban CubanPhysicians Physiciansin inVenezuela: Venezuela: US$50 US$50million millionper peryear year[2004] [2004](23) (23) ** Payments Paymentsto tothe theCuban CubanGovernment Governmentfor forServices Servicesof of Cuban CubanConsultants Consultantsand andTrainers Trainersin in Venezuela Venezuela& &Training Trainingand andEducation EducationPrograms Programsfor forVenezuelans Venezuelansin inCuba: Cuba: US$88 US$88million million[2002-2003] [2002-2003](24) (24)
HEALTH CARE
Outlying Islands
POLITICAL POLITICAL PROMOTION PROMOTION FOR FOR HUGO HUGO CHAVEZ CHAVEZ
1899
83 Tang Ancestral Hall
1749
CUBA'S CUBA'SRISING RISINGOIL OILDEBT DEBTTO TOVENEZUELA VENEZUELA 2001: 2001:US$96 US$96million million(27) (27) 2002: 2002:US$144 US$144million million(28) (28) 2003: 2003:US$380 US$380million million(29) (29) 2004: 2004:US$992 US$992million million(30) (30)
05 Rock Carving at Shek Pik
The The Non-Alignment Non-Alignment Countries Countries
proposed
?
~1000 B.C.
Cuba, Cuba, China, China, Venezuela Venezuela
1832
11 Fan Lau Fort
1729
14 Rock Carving on Cheung Chau
?
21 Stone Circle
?
62 14
22 Tung Chung Battery
63 15
1817
71 Waglan Lighthouse
1898
84 Kin Yin Lei
1937
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03.04 .2007, © ETH Studio Basel, Havana, Foreign Activity, Daniel Abraha 05.03.2008, © ETH Studio Basel, Hong Kong, Heritage in Hong Kong, Matthias Baer
© ETH Studio Basel © ETH Studio Basel