STEM in Cultural Heritage
An eTwinning project 2018/2019
Why cultural heritage? • "Cultural heritage has a universal value for us as individuals, communities and societies. It is important to preserve and pass on to future generations in order to build the future of Europe". • Our project wants to explore STEM topics in our local cultural heritage.
What is cultural heritage ? • Cultural heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation. • It includes customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values. • Cultural heritage is often expressed as either intangible or tangible cultural heritage. • As an essential part of culture as a whole it contains visible and tangible traces form antiquity to the recent past.
Cultural heritage types • Cultural heritage can be distinguished in: • built environment (buildings, archaeological remains) • natural environment (rural landscapes, coasts and shorelines, agricultural heritage) • artefacts (books & documents, objects, pictures)
Dictionary • Ethnology – the study of the characteristics of different peoples and the differences and relationships between them. • Anthropology – the study of what makes us human. It is the study of human societies and cultures and their development, the study of human biological and physiological characteristics and their evolution.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
Research : Osnovna škola Petra Preradovića • The Cultural and Natural Heritage of Croatia (Croatian: Prirodna i kulturna baština Republike Hrvatske) comprises sites, monuments, goods and species of particular importance to the Republic of Croatia which are protected by national law. • Croatia’s unique geographic position represents a blend of different cultural spheres. It has been a crossroad of influences of the western culture and the east.
Research • Traditional Croatian culture is characterised by exceptional diversity. • Ecological conditions and the influences of the cultures with which the Croats have come into contact through history (Mediterranean, Central European, Ancient Balkan, Oriental, etc.), have resulted in the development of three specific regional cultures: Pannonian, Dinaric and Adriatic (coastal). • We researched cities, monuments, churches, fortresses, the Croatian language and folk costumes. Greater detail was adhrered to sites in Adriatic Croatia and our hometown of Zadar.
Croatia
Croatian cultural heritage
https://croatia.hr/en-GB/experiences/culture-and-heritage
Croatian cultural heritage
https://croatia.hr/en-GB/experiences/culture-and-heritage
Croatian cultural heritage • The Cultural and Natural Heritage of Croatia (Croatian: Prirodna i kulturna baština Republike Hrvatske) comprises sites, monuments, goods and species of particular importance to the Republic of Croatia which are protected by national law. • Croatia’s unique geographic position represents a blend of different cultural spheres. It has been a crossroad of influences of the western culture and the east—ever since division of the Western Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire.
Croatian cultural heritage • Traditional Croatian culture is characterised by exceptional diversity. • Ecological conditions and the influences of the cultures with which the Croats have come into contact through history (Mediterranean, Central European, Ancient Balkan, Oriental, etc.), have resulted in the development of three specific regional cultures: Pannonian, Dinaric and Adriatic (coastal).
Anthropologic and archaeologic sites
Ščitarjevo (Andautonija)
Polušpilja Hušnjakovo, Krapina
Anthropologic and archaeologic sites
Solin amphitheatre
The most significant elements of Croatian cultural heritage • Croatian art heritage • UNESCO heritage monuments • Towns from the Middle ages in Istria • Castles • Cathedrals • Ancient written monuments
Cultural heritage of Adriatic or coastal Croatia • The peninsula of Zadar • The old city of Dubrovnik • The palace of Diocletian in Split • The city of Trogir • The Euphrasian basilica in Poreč • St Jacob’s cathedral in Šibenik • These are all World heritage sites
Zadar
• Zadar is a town of monuments with a rich history and valuable cultural heritage • The historic centre is located on a peninsula surrounded by ancient walls. • In July 2017 the ancient walls were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List. • The town is a treasury of archaeological sites and historical monuments from the ancient world, Roman period, Middle Ages, and Renaissance.
Zadar’s fortified walls Zadar's walls have recently been inscribed on Unesco's list of World Heritage Sites.
Zadar • Important cultural heritage sites and monuments: • The Roman Forum • The Cathedral of St. Anastasia and its bell tower • The Church of St. Mary with its bell tower and monastery • Many other sacral buildings, palaces, squares, museums and exhibition sites,
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a city in southern Croatia fronting the Adriatic Sea. It's known for its distinctive Old Town, encircled with massive stone walls completed in the 16th century. Its well-preserved buildings range from baroque St. Blaise Church to the Renaissance Sponza Palace and the Gothic Rector’s Palace.
Dubrovnik The medieval commune of Dubrovnik was founded earlier than the seventh century AD and grew first under Byzantine and then Venetian rule. Its imposing fortifications date back to the 13th century.These 1,940-metre-long walls and ramparts still stand intact. The historic centre is a perfect blend of Gothic, Renaissance and baroque architecture. 1979 is the year it was put on the World Heritage List.
Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Poreč
• The group of religious monuments in Porec, where Christianity was established as early as the 4th century, constitutes the most complete surviving complex of its type. • The basilica, atrium, baptistery and episcopal palace are outstanding examples of religious architecture, while the basilica itself combines classical and Byzantine elements in an exceptional manner.
Euphrasian Basilica The basilica has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1997.
Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian Diocletian's Palace was placed on UNESCO'S list of world heritage sights in 1979. It is one of the best preserved sights of Roman architecture in the world. The emperor's palace was built between the years 295 and 305 a.d. as a combination of luxurious villas and roman military camps (castruma), divided into four sections by two main
The Palace of Diocletian
The Cathedral of St James in Šibenik • The Cathedral of St. James is a triple-nave basilica with three apses and a dome (32 m high inside) in the city of Šibenik, Croatia. • It is the most important architectural monument of the Renaissance in the entire country. • Since 2000, the Cathedral has been on the UNESCO World
The Cathedral of St James in Ĺ ibenik
The Cathedral of St James in Šibenik
• The building of the church was initiated in 1402, though plans on its construction had already begun in 1298, when Šibenik became a municipality. • The actual work to transform the older Romanesque cathedral began in 1431. Built entirely of stone (limestone from a nearby stone quarry and marble from the island of Brač), it was completed in three phases, from 1433 to 1441.
THE HISTORIC CENTRE OF TROGIR
• Since 1997, the historic centre of Trogir has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites for its Venetian architecture. • Trogir is the best-preserved Romanesque - Gothic complex not only in the Adriatic, but in all of Central Europe. • Trogir's medieval core, surrounded by walls, comprises a preserved castle and tower and a series of dwellings and palaces from the Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods. • The grandest building is the church of St. Lawrence, whose main west portal is a masterpiece by Radovan, and the most significant work of the Romanesque-Gothic style in Croatia.
Trogir
PULA
• The Amphitheater in Pula - was built in the 1st century at the time of the reign of Emperor Vespasian. • It is believed that the Arena could receive 20,000 viewers and was built from domestic limestone. • In the Middle Ages it was used for knight tournaments and fairs. Today, it is used for various summer events and events. • Other important cultural monuments of Pula are: • The Golden Gate, the Augustan Temple, the Twin Door and the Town Walls, the Hercules Gate , Little Roman Theater, Forum, Church and Monastery of St. Francis and the Naval Cemetery.
City of Motovun • The City of Motovun is located in central Istria, on an elevation that dominates over the valley of the Mirna River. It developed on the site of a prehistoric hillfort. • During the Middle Ages it changed various feudal masters and had a degree of city autonomy. In the period 1278-1797 it was continuously under Venetian rule.
Fortresses and castles • Novigrad na Dobri • Mali tabor • Klenovnik • Dubovac • Miljana • Ozalj • Trakošćan • Bosiljevo • Veliki tabor • Bilje • Ilok
Cathedrals: Zagreb, Rab, Ä?akovo, Split and Nin
THE CROATIAN LANGUAGE • Croatian culture is very specific with regards to it’s alphabet. • Three different alphabets were used throughout Croatian history, glagolitic letters, latin and bosančica. • Another special feature is the Croatian language, which was initially Slavic, then the Croatian national, and in Latin the language used Croatian politics and officially faded in Europe.
THE OLDEST WRITTEN MONUMENTS: Baščanska ploča, Hrvojev misal, Vinodolski zakonik
TRADITIONAL FOLK COSTUMES
• Croatian national costume refers to the traditional clothing worn by Croats. • Mostly they are worn at ethnic and religious holidays, weddings, and by dancing groups who dance the traditional Croatian kolo, or circle dance. • Each cultural and geographical region has its own specific variety of costume that vary in style, material, color, shape, and form.
Mathematics and cultural heritage
Rotations Translations Axial symmetry
The lace of Pag island, Croatia
Geometry surrounds us
Mathematics and Cultural Heritage
Searching for Pi
Italy Merlara is a municipality in the Province of Padua, in the Italian region of VENETO, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest ofVenice and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Padua.
MERLARA
Unesco sites in our region
Venice Founded by the Venetians in 500 to flee the barbarian invasions, around the year 1000 it had already become one of the most powerful cities in Europe. From the primitive settlements of Torcello, Iesolo and Malamocco, the city later developed on 118 islands of its lagoon, to become an important political, cultural and commercial centre.
City of Vicenza
• Vicenza is a city in northeastern Italy. It is in the Veneto region at the northern base of the Monte Berico, where it straddles the Bacchiglione River. • Vicenza is a thriving and cosmopolitan city, with a rich history and culture, and many museums, art galleries, piazzas, villas, churches and elegant Renaissance palazzi. • With the Palladian Villas of the Veneto in the surrounding area, and the renowned Olympic Theater, the "city of Palladio" has been listed as a UNESCO • World Heritage Site since 1994.
Palladians villas • It is a World Heritage Site in Italy, which protects buildings by the architect Andrea Palladio. • UNESCO inscribed it in 1994. At first the site was called "Vicenza, City of Palladio". Various types of buildings were represented in the original site, which included the Basilica Palladiana, Teatro Olimpico and palazzi in the city itself, along with a few villas in the vicinity.
Palladians villas • Its present name reflects the fact that it includes all the Palladian Villas of the Veneto. City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto also has some examples of ecclesiastical architecture.
City of Verona • The historic city of Verona was founded in the 1st century B.C. It particularly flourished under the rule of the Scaliger family in the 13th and 14th centuries and as part of the Republic of Venice from the 15th to 18th centuries. • Verona has preserved a remarkable number of monuments from antiquity, the medieval and Renaissance periods, and represents an outstanding example of a military stronghold.
City of Verona The historic city of Verona today contains elements representing its 2,000 year history: the Roman period, Romanesque, Middle Ages and Renaissance which have survived intact until the 19th century.
Verona at Christmas time
Padua’s Botanical Garden • The botanical garden of Padua is the original of all botanical garden throughout the world, and represents the birth of science, of scientific exchanges, and understanding of the relationship between nature and culture.
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Italy
Vesuvio
Partners: • Osnovna škola Petra Preradovića, Croatia • Lower Secondary School Merlara, Italy • Osnovna škola Zdenka Turkovića, Croatia • SMS Andrea Belvedere, Italy • Osnovna škola Zrinskih Nuštar, Croatia • ООУ Блаже Конески, Macedonia