Ang Shi Min 4S3 PBL Project 1: Manufactured Substances in Industry

MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

Name: Ang Shi Min

Class: 4S3

Teacher: Puan Chan, Mr. Teo

(i) Glass

a. Major component and main characteristics of glass

b. The 4 types of glasses

Types of glass Fused silica glass Soda-lime glass Borosilicate glass Lead crystal glass

Chemical compositio n

Silica, SiO2 Silica, SiO2 Soda, Na2CO3

Limestone, CaCO3

Silica, SiO2 Soda, Na2CO3

Limestone, CaCO3

Boron

oxide, B2O3

Aluminium oxide, Al2O3

Silica, SiO2 Soda, Na2CO3 Lead(II) oxide, PbO

Properties High melting point (1800°C) Can withstand large temperature changes

Low melting point (1000°C) Cannot withstand large temperature changes Not resistant to heat

Uses Telescope lenses Glass containers, glass bottles

Can withstand large temperature changes

Resistant to heat

Softer, denser and heavier than other glasses High refractive index

Laboratory glassware Prisms

(ii) Ceramics

a. Major component and main characteristics of ceramics

Main Characteristics of Ceramics

b. Uses, Properties, and Examples of ceramics

Uses -Medicine

-Transportation

-Energy production

-Pottery

-Construction

Properties -High thermal resistant

-Hard and strong

-Chemically inert

-Electrical insulator

-Heat insulator

-Break easily

Examples Medicine

-Zirconia (Zirconium dioxide, ZrO2) ceramic: Dental implants

-Alumina (Aluminium oxide,Al2O3) ceramic: Knee bone

-Ceramic is also used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines because it has superconductivity properties

Transportation

-Used in engine components in jet planes.

Energy production

-Used to make electrical insulators in high voltage areas such as power stations.

Pottery

-Kaolin is used in the production of crockery such as bowls and mugs.

Construction

-Traditional ceramics such as bricks are used in building houses

(iii) Composite Materials and Their Importance

a. Definition of composite materials

-Amaterial that is made from combining two or more nonhomogeneous substances – matrix substance and strengthening substance.

-The matrix substance surrounds and binds the strengthening substance together.

-The composite material formed has better properties than the original components.

b. The 5 types of Composite Materials

Reinforced concrete

Optical fibre