The Police in America An Introduction 9Th Edition By Samuel Walker – Test Bank

The Police in America An Introduction 9Th Edition

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Description The Police in America An Introduction 9Th Edition By Samuel Walker – Test Bank Sample Questions Instant Download With Answers Chapter 03 The Contemporary Law Enforcement Industry

Multiple Choice Questions 1.

Which of the following levels of government holds the primary responsibility for police protection?

A.federal B. state and local C. cities and counties D. municipalities and corporations

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There is no formal, centralized system for coordinating or regulating all of the different law enforcement agencies. This decentralization is known as A.fragmentation.

B. agglomerization.

C. industrial perspective.

D. dispersed employment.

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The difference between a law enforcement agency’s approved allotment of officers and the number of officers currently employed is known as A.endorsed strength.

B. authorized strength.

C. personnel strength.

D. sworn strength.

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4.

The process of replacing sworn officers with nonsworn personnel for certain positions is known as A.authorization.

B. cost management.

C. effective utilization.

D. civilianization.

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The standard measure for the level of police protection in a community, usually expressed as the number of sworn officers per thousand residents, is called A.community-police ratio.

B. police-population ratio.

C. police-protection ratio.

D. crime-police ratio.

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The authors list two major remedies for issues associated with fragmentation.

They are A.consolidation and contracting.

B. increased protection and crime reduction.

C. higher arrests and prosecutions.

D. effectiveness and efficiency.

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Which of the following is the reason why city police are the most important component of the law enforcement system in America?

A.They receive the most money from allotted budgets.

B. They are the most obvious component in any city.

C. They represent a majority of all law enforcement agencies.

D. They train for all potential situations in residential life.

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8.

Sheriffs have a unique role in that they serve all three components of the criminal justice system A.executive, legislative, and judicial.

B. protection, service, and commitment.

C. management, efficiency, and quality.

D. law enforcement, courts, and corrections.

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The office of the coroner, or medical examiner, is often considered a law enforcement agency because it has the responsibility to A.investigate crimes.

B. conduct autopsies.

C. investigate the cause of death.

D. assist police in murder investigations.

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The agency having statewide police powers for traffic regulation and criminal investigation is known as A.highway patrol.

B. state police.

C. Department of Transportation.

D. Department of Criminal Justice.

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Which of the following is the most common administrative arrangement concerning the police agencies of Indian tribes?

A.The tribes exercise self-governance.

B. The Bureau of Indian Affairs assumes policing responsibility.

C. Agencies are created under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act. D. Agencies employ the assistance of nearby local police departments.

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12.

Which of the following acts launched the largest government reorganization at the federal level since 1947?

A.the Violent Crime Control Act B. the Homeland Security Act C. the Social Security Act D. the Civil Liberties Act

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Which of the following is the most important feature of the law enforcement industry in the U.S.?

A.the tradition of local political control B. the idea of self-governance C. the need for strong police presence D. the necessity of police accountability

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Why is it important to take an industry perspective on policing?

A.It provides an understanding of police accountability.

B. It serves to compare police services with other professions.

C. It provides a comprehensive picture of all the different producers of police services.

D. It provides minimum standards to compare various police services.

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Why are most law enforcement departments in the U.S. below their authorized strength?

A.Police budgets are not large enough to cover the hiring of more officers.

B. Nationwide, police have a high turnover.

C. Most police departments have a hard time retaining officers.

D. This is due to retirements, resignations, and terminations.

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16.

The annual average attrition rate for police is about 11 percent. Why, then, is hiring often delayed?

A.Crime rates do not necessitate a need for more police services.

B. Delays allow a city or county to cope with budget shortfalls.

C. There is often a low turnover within municipal departments.

D. Police would rather let a city spend its budget on pay raises than on the acquisition of new officers.

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Why are civilians often utilized in police work?

A.Civilians are less expensive than sworn officers.

B. Civilians implement community policing programs.

C. Police often feel that certain jobs should not be done by them.

D. It leads to improved community relations.

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Most of a police agency’s budget goes toward A.insurance.

B. personnel costs.

C. litigation fees.

D. technological advances.

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19.

Which of the following is an important finding of the Police Services Study (PSS) conducted in the 1970s?

A.With respect to auxiliary services, small police departments were denied access to crime laboratories.

B. With respect to patrol, informal arrangements between police departments involving coordination were not common.

C. Small police departments put a lower percentage of their officers on the street, performing direct police services.

D. Small police departments were not necessarily less efficient than large departments.

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County police departments involve A.police that only have detainment authority and no law responsibility.

B. departments that engage in continuous evaluations of municipal police.

C. municipal police that operate on a countywide basis.

D. All of the answers are correct.

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Why is the legal status of the sheriff unique?

A.In most states, it is a constitutional office.

B. Sheriffs are almost always appointed by the governor.

C. Sheriffs are not involved in partisan politics.

D. Sheriffs have more authority than city departments.

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In the context of contracting, which of the following is the most commonly contracted criminal justice service?

A.certification requirements B. jails and detention facilities C. sewage disposal and water supply D. tax assessments

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23.

Which of the following factors have contributed to the eradication of most of the constable’s function?

A.budget cuts and the lack of public interest B. community policing developments and crime growth C. the development of the criminal justice system D. urbanization and the growth of city departments

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Which of the following is a finding of the Police Services Study (PSS) conducted in the 1970s?

A.With respect to patrol, informal arrangements between law enforcement agencies involving sharing responsibility were uncommon.

B. Small police departments were less efficient than large departments.

C. Strict duplication of services is almost nonexistent in the production of direct police services.

D. Those cities that contract for police services are characterized as being “newer” and less densely populated, with less taxable business activity.

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What authority do most campus police in large universities have?

A.They are essentially security.

B. They have general arrest powers.

C. They are nonsworn officers but have detainment authority.

D. Their authority is dependent on the dean’s authority.

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Which of the following is NOT a category of state law enforcement?

A.state police B. highway patrol C. state guards D. state investigative agencies

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27.

What is the difference between state police and highway patrol?

A.They are the same.

B. Highway patrols have traffic authority only.

C. State police work for the sheriff’s department.

D. State police have statewide police powers for traffic and criminal investigations.

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There no agreement about the exact size of federal law enforcement activities because A.many federal agencies have enforcement or regulatory powers.

B. most federal agencies are general service agencies.

C. most federal agencies provide protection services but not criminal investigations.

D. most federal agencies provide criminal investigation services but not protection.

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Which of the following is the largest federal law enforcement agency in the U.S.?

A.the INS and ATF departments B. the DEA and U.S. Forest Service C. the U.S. Customs and Border Protection D. the FBI and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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The role of each federal agency is specified by A.the federal budget.

B. a federal statute.

C. the Congress.

D. the electoral process.

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31.

Which of the following is a salient feature of federal law enforcement agencies?

A.They have a much more complex role than local agencies.

B. They are not as accountable for their actions as local agencies.

C. They do not have the order maintenance responsibilities.

D. They are obligated to handle vague “disturbance” calls.

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Which of the following is an impact of the fragmentation of law enforcement in the United States?

A.It can lead to crime displacement, especially with respect to vice crimes.

B. It reduces the duplication of services, which results in decrease in costs.

C. It establishes consistent standards for recruitment and salary.

D. It can increase cooperation between agencies located in the same geographic area.

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Which of the following is the major problem concerning the law enforcement fragmentation issue?

A.a high demand leading to budgeting shortcuts B. a decline in citizen satisfaction with law enforcement efforts C. a rise in overall crime rate and low crime-prevention capabilities D. a lack of coordination between agencies in the same geographic area

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The idea of consolidating several smaller agencies into larger ones is an effort to solve the problem of A.budget costs.

B. fragmentation.

C. low attrition rates.

D. merging.

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35.

What does the emphasis on decentralized policing under the community policing policy suggest about small local law enforcement agencies?

A.They might be preferable to large consolidated agencies.

B. They should be consolidated.

C. They are less desirable than large consolidated agencies.

D. They are less productive than consolidated agencies.

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Which of the following is the most important set of national standards related to police procedures?

A.the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court B. the decisions of the appellate court

C. the CALEA standards D. the Standards on National Policing

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Why does relying on the Supreme Court to define minimum standards for police have serious limitations?

A.It is unconstitutional.

B. Most aspects of policing do not raise issues of constitutional law.

C. The Supreme Court cannot impose sanctions on departmental violations.

D. The Supreme Court is too partisan to make unbiased decisions concerning law enforcement.

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Which of the following is the most important law Congress has passed that applies directly to state and local enforcement agencies?

A.the Social Security Act B. the Gun Control Act C. the Violent Crime Control Act D. the 1964 Civil Rights Act

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39.

SMART Policing Initiative (SPI), sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, sought to encourage A.local agencies to show reduced crime statistics.

B. covering extraordinary policing expenses.

C. local police to focus their resources on places and people that are most responsible for crime and violence.

D. federal agencies to establish a minimum police-population ratio or set standards for patrol operations.

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Which of the following is the most important role of state governments regarding law enforcement?

A.to require that agencies be accredited B. to require the licensing or certification of all sworn officers C. to insist on high attrition rates D. to enforce sanctions on police with poor performance indicators

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Which of the following is the major weakness with accreditation?

A.Accreditation is mandatory and the process is long.

B. The standards are too high.

C. The standards are not universally applicable.

D. There is no penalty for not being accredited.

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England has _____ police departments.

A.2,354 B. 653 C. 435 D. 43

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43.

According to Lee Brown, which of the following models of sheriff’s departments handles only court-related duties?

A.correctional-judicial model B. full-service model C. civil-judicial model D. law enforcement model

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Which of the following is a similarity between coroners and medical examiners?

A.Both receive special training in death investigation.

B. Both are appointed by an elected official.

C. Both are typically elected to their positions.

D. Both are responsible for the investigation of deaths.

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Which of the following is a responsibility of Customs and Border Protection (CBP)?

A.To protect current and former U.S. presidents, vice presidents, and their immediate family members.

B. To ensure that persons and cargo enter the United States legally and safely through official ports of entry.

C. To investigate cross-border criminal activity such as cybercrimes and human trafficking.

D. To prepare for, prevent, and respond to natural and human-made disasters.

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Which of the following Department of Justice agencies was found guilty of spying on individuals and groups because of their political beliefs and for conducting illegal wiretaps?

A.U.S. Marshals Service B. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) C. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) D. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

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47.

Which of the following is the second-largest police department in the U.S.?

A.Chicago police department B. Los Angeles police department C. New York police department D. Atlanta police department

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Which of the following is not a model of a sheriff department as identified by Lee Brown?

A.full-service model B. law-enforcement model C. civil-judicial model D. correctional-civil model

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True / False Questions 49.

City police departments have the heaviest responsibility for dealing with serious crime, which is disproportionately concentrated in cities.

TRUE

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Medical examiners are typically elected to their positions.

FALSE

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51.

Highway patrols are defined as agencies having statewide authority to enforce traffic regulations and arrest non-traffic violators under their jurisdiction.

TRUE

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There is a clear relationship between the police-population ratio and the crime rate.

FALSE

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Federal law establishes a minimum police-population ratio for the country.

FALSE

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The text considers federal police to be the most important component of American law enforcement.

FALSE

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Federal agents maintain 911 emergency services and are asked to handle vague “disturbance” calls.

FALSE

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56.

Suspicious death investigations are usually conducted by a coroner or a medical examiner.

TRUE

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College police officers are not real police officers; they are more like security guards.

FALSE

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On some reservations, Native American tribes have their own separate criminal justice system.

TRUE

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The U.S. Marshals Service, established in 1789, is the nation’s oldest federal law enforcement agency.

TRUE

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The standard measure for the level of police protection in a community is the sworn officer-citizen ratio.

FALSE

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61.

The U.S. Secret Service was established in 1865 for the purpose of preventing illegal immigration and the smuggling of controlled substances.

FALSE

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Private security is an important part of American law enforcement.

TRUE

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Private security officers are bound by legal decisions such as Miranda.

FALSE

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Essay Questions 64.

What are some reasons for using civilians in police work?

Answer may vary

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What are the differences between a coroner and a medical examiner?

Answer may vary

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66.

Explain the three different types of state law enforcement agencies.

Answer may vary

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List the six largest federal law enforcement departments within the Department of Homeland Security.

Answer may vary

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What are the ten priorities of the FBI since the attack on the World Trade Center?

Answer may vary

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69.

Private police organizations display four characteristics that differentiate them from public police. What are those characteristics?

Answer may vary

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Chapter 05 Police Officers I: Recruitment and Training for a Changing Society

Multiple Choice Questions 1.

A positive or negative belief that strongly influences the public image of the identity, beliefs, and actions of the police is called a(n) A.belief system.

B. stereotype.

C. value system.

D. ethics layers.

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The protection provided by civil service rules and police unions that makes firing an officer difficult is called A.motivation.

B. job barrier.

C. job security.

D. tenure.

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Recruiting women for positions in the police force is difficult because many people view policing as A.a dishonorable line of work.

B. a poorly paying career.

C. a traditionally male occupation.

D. a low position in society.

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4.

The legislation that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or sex is known as A.Miranda v. Arizona.

B. Equal Employment Opportunity.

C. Labor Relations Act. D. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

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Job requirements that are “reasonably necessary” to the normal operation of that particular business are called A.bona fide occupational qualifications.

B. pre-employment guidelines.

C. labor occupational qualifications.

D. job requirement qualifications.

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The _____ compares a police department’s workforce with the racial and ethnic composition of the community it serves.

A.national decertification index B. labor community index C. equal employment opportunity index D. police-community representation bar

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In the context of employment, _____ is a concept that means an employer must take positive steps to remedy past discrimination.

A.past practices correction B. affirmative action C. discrimination remedy D. employee employment justice

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8.

To gain practical experience under the supervision of veteran police officers, a newly trained police recruit works with a A.veteran training officer (VTO).

B. patrol training officer (PTO).

C. first training officer (FTO).

D. field training officer (FTO).

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The size and quality of the applicant pool in a police department depend on the department’s A.recruitment budget.

B. reaction to the economy.

C. ability to secure federal funding.

D. recruitment effort.

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Surveys of recruits and new police officers consistently indicate they choose law enforcement as a career for two main reasons namely A.the nature of the work and the material benefits of the job.

B. helping the community and assisting the residents.

C. promoting their image and gaining the public’s respect.

D. to obtain gainful employment and to reestablish financial credit.

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The appeal of jobs in a police department often depends on A.the state of the economy.

B. the breadth and depth of background investigations.

C. whether or not the department conducts drug testing.

D. whether or not the department conducts polygraph examinations.

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12.

Oral interviews of applicants are a good opportunity to assess A.the writing skills of the applicants.

B. the mental health of the applicants.

C. attitudes that are incompatible with good police work.

D. None of the answers is correct.

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The most important part of the employment selection process is the A.fitness test.

B. written test.

C. oral interview.

D. background investigation of applicants.

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In the context of policing, which of the following statements is true about inservice training?

A.It is the least effective training tool in communicating new state legislations or court decisions to experienced police officers.

B. It is designed to provide a refresher to experienced officers on basic issues such as the use-of-force policy in a police department.

C. It is usually given to new recruits before they join their police departments.

D. It is primarily used to weed out new recruits who underperform during their probationary period.

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Psychological testing of potential police trainees A.has an 87 percent success rate in predicting future success.

B. has a low degree of success in predicting future success.

C. has become so successful that it can predict the future highest rank a trainee will achieve in her or his career.

D. often causes significant psychological stress to the test takers.

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16.

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act makes it unlawful for an employer to make hiring decisions on the basis of A.a person’s previous employment.

B. an individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

C. an individual’s educational activities while at an organization.

D. a person’s sexual orientation.

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In the context of hiring police officers, residency requirements for police officers are primarily intended to A.allow police officers the freedom to reside where they already live.

B. increase the number of beat officers available in a particular community.

C. heighten officers’ familiarity with the community and their commitment to its wellbeing.

D. maintain an equal number of police officers in the urban and the rural regions of a state.

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The most useful measure of employment practices is the extent to which a police department A.is able to pay and retain all of its police applicants through the first two years of employment.

B. is able to hire qualified police applicants and reduce its liability to the city.

C. reflects the composition of the community it serves.

D. is able to allow its rejected applicants to appeal to the civil service commission.

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According to the textbook, the most controversial issue in police employment is A.use of force.

B. drug testing.

C. polygraph testing.

D. affirmative action.

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20.

The basic premise of affirmative action is that simply ending discrimination does not automatically correct for A.the legacy of past discrimination.

B. the hiring irregularities that must be addressed by the EEOC. C. the BFOQs that must be enforced by an employer.

D. the sexual discrimination that still occurs in the workplace.

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Opponents of affirmative action argue that it lowers personnel standards by forcing an employer to hire applicants A.with a distinct minority status.

B. who have strong family ties to the police department.

C. with lower qualifications.

D. who have a higher IQ than other applicants.

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Jake, a new human resource manager, alters the hiring and recruitment process of his firm when he learns that the firm was regularly denying employment to qualified female candidates. He changes the recruitment policy to rectify the past discrimination of female applicants. The new recruitment process now provides equal employment opportunity for both men and women applicants. This is an example of A.affirmative action.

B. job enrichment.

C. onboarding.

D. topgrading.

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23.

Which of the following functions does the police academy experience serve?

A.It provides basic training on various laws.

B. It is the process for weeding out unqualified recruits.

C. It socializes recruits into the world of policing.

D. All of the answers are correct.

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To supplement classroom academy training, most departments operate practical field experience programs with senior officers. These are called FTO programs, which stands for A.forward training officer.

B. field training officer.

C. future trainee officer.

D. field trainee officer.

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The purpose of the probationary period is to A.observe the relation of academy training to on-the-job training.

B. observe performance and dismiss those whose performance is unsatisfactory.

C. observe the interactions between new recruits and the police subculture.

D. observe how police probationary officers assimilate into the community.

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26.

Which of the following statements is true about the probationary period of police officers?

A.Police officers can be dismissed without cause during their probationary period.

B. An average of about 47 percent of all recruits are rejected during their probationary period in the United States.

C. In the United States, police officers must complete their probationary period of six months to qualify for preservice training.

D. The probationary period of police officers is primarily determined by the revenue earned by their police departments.

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27.

The civil service system is A.used by the government to hire police officers and other government employees.

B. used to train police recruits at the police academy.

C. used in determining who gets to attend college classes in policing.

D. used to determine who gets arrested and who does not.

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To become a police officer in the United States, most law enforcement agencies today require an applicant to A.have a doctorate in social sciences.

B. be at least 6 feet tall.

C. have served in the U.S. military for two years or more.

D. be at least 21 years old.

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What percentage of police departments require a four-year college degree for appointment to the police department?

A.1 percent B. 4.8 percent C. 24.8 percent D. 34.8 percent

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Requiring all applicants to have a four-year college degree is opposed by some people because A.it would cost too much.

B. a college education is not necessary to be a street officer.

C. it would reduce the number of minorities qualified to be on the force.

D. it would deter women from applying for the position of police officer.

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31.

Virtually every police department today requires applicants to have a _____ to be hired.

A.four-year college degree B. two-year college degree C. some college education D. high school diploma

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What percentage of Americans ages 18 to 25 report ever having used marijuana?

A.37 percent B. 40 percent C. 53 percent D. 60 percent

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What percentage of Los Angeles police officers live outside the city of Los Angeles?

A.13 percent B. 23 percent C. 33 percent D. 83 percent

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Which of the following statements is true about preservice police academy training?

A.It is typically given to police officers who outperform other officers in field training.

B. It is most useful in helping experienced police officers refresh their knowledge about concepts they learned during their probationary period.

C. It is usually given after recruits complete their probationary period.

D. It helps police officers learn about the basic arrest and booking procedures in their department.

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35.

Investigations of applicants that cover previous employment, possible criminal records, and behavior problems in school are called A.preliminary investigations.

B. background investigations.

C. work investigations.

D. criminal investigations.

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The employment of racial and ethnic minority police officers has A.decreased in recent years.

B. remained about the same in recent years.

C. increased significantly in recent years.

D. is no longer a problem since we have achieved equality.

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A field training officer is one who A.is receiving training at the police academy.

B. is teaching at the police academy.

C. is a new officer receiving training in the field.

D. is a police officer who teaches new police officers in the field.

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Which of the following statements is true about affirmative action?

A.It automatically involves the use of racial, ethnic, and gender quotas in hiring applicants.

B. It predominantly results in the discrimination against people who are financially poor.

C. It has to be ordered by the Supreme Court to be implemented.

D. It involves developing a recruitment plan to correct any underutilization of minorities in organizations.

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True / False Questions 39.

More females, African Americans, and Hispanics are being hired today than ever before.

TRUE

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According to your text, many police officers are overweight.

TRUE

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The majority of police departments now require a four-year college degree to be appointed.

FALSE

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There is evidence that officers with higher education are more likely to become dissatisfied with their jobs.

TRUE

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43.

In the context of residency requirements for police officers, research shows that a police officer’s residence directly influences and affects his or her performance as an officer.

FALSE

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44.

“Split-second decision” in policing occurs when a threat appears suddenly and a police officer feels he or she has no choice about what to do.

TRUE

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Most police departments have a height requirement for hiring new officers.

FALSE

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Most officers cite the opportunity to exercise authority and power as a main reason for wanting to be a police officer.

FALSE

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The employment of racial and ethnic minority police officers has decreased during the last 10 years.

FALSE

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There is no conclusive evidence that officers with college degrees perform more effectively that those without degrees.

TRUE

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49.

An affirmative action plan can be voluntary on the part of an employer, with clear goals and timetables.

TRUE

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Fringe benefits and job security are major attractions for police recruits.

TRUE

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Although police officers fall under civil service rules and police union contracts, they do not enjoy a high degree of job security.

FALSE

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Under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, it is unlawful for an employer to engage in a variety of illegal employment practices with regard to hiring, firing, segregation, or discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

TRUE

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Essay Questions 53.

In the context of hiring police officers, what are the basic elements in the recruitment process?

Answer may vary

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54.

What are the responsibilities of civil service agencies?

Answer may vary

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What is affirmative action, and how does it relate to reverse discrimination?

Answer may vary

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Explain the importance of in-service training.

Answer may vary

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