Final Year Studio Project 2016 - Andreas Leonidou

Raw Synergy an inner city food hub

Andreas Leonidou | 12024840

Final Year Project | BA Hons Architecture & Planning University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol

Our legacy to those who inherit the earth will be determined by how we eat now – their future lies in our knives and forks and fingers.

– Carolyn Steel

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contents

part I

-an understanding of what we eat-

part II

-proposal

the city of Newport 34 regional level 36

food fraud 14

food origins 18

replacing a motorway 38

the industrialised food system 22

food on a boat 40

eating habits in the UK 24

Montmouthshire & Brecon canal 42

evolution of agriculture 28

proposed canal extension 44

city level 46

local scale 48

masterplan 50

supplying the city 30

part III

-project

part IV

brief-

brief history of the market 54

vision 56

building users 58

schedule of accommodation 60

the proposal: region to building 62

what is Raw Synergy?

64

-design

-the site-

development-

the market house concept 80

re-inventing the market house 82

understanding the site 72

organisation of experience: food type 84

organisation of experience: food system process 86

one process one site 88

proposal organisation ideas 90

main market building 92

pillgwenlly 68

the site in the past 70

the site in the present 71

site analysis 76

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part V

CITY CENTRE

CANAL CROSSINGS

part VI

-design

proposal-

site plan 96

site model 98

plans 100

elevations 106

views 118

physical models 126

access 142

building usage 144

building layout 145

part VII

building regulations 146

part VIII

-environmental

-technical

strategies-

substantiation-

views 150

structural strategy 166

solar strategy 154

building weight 172

heating and cooling 156

materiality 174

acoustics 158

technical details 178

flooding and drainage 159

landscape strategy 160

part IX

MONTMOUTH & BRECON CANAL EXTENSION

RAW SYNERGY: THE INNER-CITY FOOD HUB

THE SITE

RIVER USK -7-

-appendix189

Raw Synergy: a food hub for Newport _building summary The food hub is a response to the industrialised food system that concurs our lives today.

The system is characterised by a lack of transparency that results to the deception of the consumer and further associated with high product prices, low health status and low food quality.

A new food system for the city of Newport and its surrounding region is proposed, which is informed by practices of the past. It is looking back before agriculture became industrialised and globalised and applies the simplicity and transparency of it, while focusing on the people rather than economic gain.

The new system is informed by practices used in Newport, back when it was a humble town, when rail and car where unknown to the people. To the centre of the proposed system lies the direct and physical connection of the consumer and producer of food. This is achieved by bringing back the canal in the centre of the city as a means for food transportation, something that bridges the gap within town and countryside.

At the core of the system lies the new food hub, split into two markets that serve the retailing and wholesaling purposes of the city through two markets residing next to one another. The aim is to educate people and open their eyes into what exactly is it they put onto their plates.

The food hub is to become a centre and anchor point for the area, where exchange and social interaction coexist interdependently.

part I an understanding of what we eat

_food fraud

_food origin

_from market to supermarket

_food system

_eating habits in the UK

_evolution of agriculture

_supplying the city

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-13-

food fraud

typical food fraud situations

products substituted with a cheaper alternative

recycling of animal byproducts back into the food chain

recycling of animal byproducts back into the food packing and selling of beef and poultry with an unknown origin

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knowingly selling goods which are past their ‘use by’ date

making false statements about the source of ingredients

Food fraud is estimated to cost the global food industry ÂŁ10bn per year.

Food fraud is not standard in every case, as it can occur many different situations. A case is made when food or food ingredients are substituted for lower-quality, inferior ingredients, or one species for another when it comes to live animals. Food ingredients may be diluted with water, or main ingredients may be omitted or removed.

Unfortunately food fraud is extremely popular in the UK following numerous incidents, main ones including the horse meat scandal three years ago, and the South Wales e.coli disease spread in public school in 2005.

Producers deceive consumers, manufactures, retailers, and governments for the sole purpose of making money. The lack of transparency within the food chain makes it more convenient for the different bodies to cheat one another.

Consumers are not interested on the food they eat, or how and where it is produced but only concerned about being able the lowest price possible. People are deceived every day due to their ignorance, and they end up funding the big faceless companies that make them.

“Food fraud is committed when food is deliberately placed on the market, for financial gain, with the intention of deceiving the consumer�

-FSA

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food origin

UK

U.S.A. Apples

Canary Islands Cucumbers

Spain Oranges Broccoli Morocco Tomatoes

Russia Wheat

Israel Egypt Potatoes Saudi Arabia Grapes Tomatoes

Ghana Pineapple

India Bananas

China Sweet Potatoes Thailand Spring Onions Canned Tuna

Peru Asparagus Chile Nectarines

Argentina Beef

South Africa Carrots Pears New Zealand Lamb Kiwi

most popular import destinations and products

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Eating food from abroad is a fact of life for people living in the UK. World food shops and specialised isles packed with foreign products are so common that their absence within out daily lives seems absurd.

In 2009, 49.5% of all raw food, the majority of which are meat and dairy products.

The UK imports from a total of 167 countries, which makes the tastes and the country truly global.

Food importing dates back to Ancient Rome, when the Romans discovered that importing food is cheaper than producing it. That moment in time has completely shaped the world we live in today. This maximum gain mindset, has forced the industrialisation and globalisation of agriculture to happen and our natural environment changed forever. This change has vastly increased the number of resources required to sustain this global food system, from production to transportation.

The UK’s weather is not suitable for producing a large number of food groups, similar thing goes for other countries with minimum sunshine hours. Food imports are a global phenomenon though. Warmer climate countries, such as Spain import a great number of products as well.

There are often two different kinds of tomatoes or oranges or anything else: the cheap and the expensive. We tend to go for the cheapest possible, perfectly aware that the country of origin is not the one we are located at the moment, but we do not have a problem with it, or feel guilty at all? Why should we? “Its all the same anyway�.

Produced locally, sourced globally.

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from market to supermarket Farmers’ Markets make up just 1.7% and the number is declining ever year

ALDI 5%

OTHERS ICELAND 5% LIDL 2% 5%

TESCO 29%

WAITROSE 5% CO-OP 6%

MORRISONS 11%

ASDA 17% SAINSBURY 16%

UK grocery market share

“Independent food shops are closing at a rate of 2000 a year and the total number has fallen by half in just over a decade. One recent study predicted that by 2050 there won’t be any left at all”.

-Carolyn Steel in Hungry City

Markets were once the centre social and physical centre of towns, where people went not only to buy fresh food, but to exchange the daily gossip and news. They were the spaces were the countryside met the city. Spaces were events and meetings of all scales were happening.

Spaces made just for the people and their needs. True public spaces.

The introduction of railway and later the car fundamentally changed our lifestyles and the way we inhabit our towns and cities forever.

“Instead of heading into town to buy food, we drive out to large, anonymous boxes. The civic aspect of food selling has disappeared, and along with it, much of the character and purpose of our town centres”, Carolyn Steel from ‘Hungry City’ 80% of the grocery trade in the UK is controlled by just 4 supermarkets.

This gives the supermarkets incredible power over our economic and health status. Hundreds of markets are closing down at a steady rate every year in the UK. Supermarkets are located on every corner of every city and town today providing us with our survival needs with minimum social interaction. The public life is lost from the centre of the cities as the supermarkets have altered their true essence.

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the industrialised food system

GROWING

HARVESTING

TRANSPORTING

PROCESSING

PACKAGING

WHOLESALING

heavy equipment is used to prepare the soil and plant and maintain crops huge farms and fields

the ripened crop from the field is gathered using large machinery, harvesting large quantities at once

food is moved to factories and processing facilities by air, truck, train, ship or barge

heavy factory machinery is used to chop, grind, dry, boil, can or freeze food to preserve it or make it more convenient

large quantities of food are sold and distributed to stores or other private businesses

workers in industrial farms owned by big corporations are exposed to long hours of extremely hard work and hazardous pesticides and end up receiving low wages

much of the imported food in the UK is harvested before it is even close to the time of harvest and ripened using toxic gases during overseas transportation

heavy machinery is used to place food into cans, bags, plastic containers or boxes for sale. packaging preserves food for longer and helps sell more of it

this process often happens at multiple steps and for very long distances, where vast amount of food is discarded for multiple reasons

this is the process where most of the food fraud accidents take place and result in great alteration of the natural state of food

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packaging of food is accompanied by preservatives in liquid or gas form. these most often alter the natural state of the product

more transportation, more food miles. this is the point where the original origin of the product gets swapped with the processing or packaging one

Until early 20th century, food systems operated primarily on a local and regional level.

Since WWII, the growth of large-scale, food production businesses has been encouraged advanced technology, agriculture policy and the globalization of trade and market competition.

This led to the development of a global, industrialized food system which has an impact on every matter involved with what we eat, how we eat it and our relationship with where it comes from. Further, it has negatively impacted our health, environment and local economies heavily.

The food system is a great challenge facing communities, towns and cities today, and the aim is to reconstruct it by looking in the past, on examples of successful systems on a local and regional level.

RETAILING

CONSUMING

DISPOSING

food is sold to individual customers, usually inside supermarkets

food is bought, prepared and eaten at households, restaurants and takeaways

leftover food and packaging is discarded.

many people are unaware of how their food is actually produced and the cost of real locally sourced food, that puts them in a position to demand more at lower prices

britain’s cookery skills and habits are in decline, with the least well-off consumers increasingly turning to a diet of calorie-laden convenience foods and fatty ready meals to beat austerity

while most of it is recyclable or compostable, much of it ends up in landfills. every year some 2.9 trillion pounds of food—about a third of all that the world produces—never get consumed.

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eating habits in the UK

households with a freezer 21% of people have a weekly takeaway meal

5.54bn visits to UK fast food restaurants per year

1/3 of meals consumed are ready-made

50% of schoolchildren buy their lunch at fast food outlets

11p of every £1 of income is spent on food

people are eating less fruit and vegetables than ever before

people pay for but do not eat up to £9bn of good food each year

1.05bn meals sold by McDonald’s each year in its UK outlets

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1974 15%

2010 98%

Sales of microwave meals have doubled since the 80s’

People living in the UK are more informed about diet and nutrition more than ever before, but their love of fast food hasn’t diminished, as sales have skyrocketed in the past 40 years.

Data published by the FSA in February 2016, has revealed that the reliance on convenience foods such as frozen pizzas and ready-made meals has greatly increased during the last decade.

At the same time, the traditions of tea and toast are decreasing year by year.

Environmental secretary Truss E. said that these results reflect the fact that the UK has undergone a “food revolution” in the past 40 years.

In a food system controlled by big corporations, practical food eduction is absent as it is simply not of their economic interest. The seek for food convenience matches perfectly the need of the corporations for maximum economic gain match perfectly.

The change of people’s eating habits and lifestyle have been attempted by many organisations, through the promotion of healthy products and diets. This has had an effect on people, one part of the food system to change is not enough.

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evolution of agriculture

2 million years ago

control of fire cooking of food (1.9 m illion years ago)

The agriculture evolution and innovation of the past 60-80 has fundamentally changed the way we live, in both positive and negative terms.

Many small family farmers have recognised the negative impact of the industrialisation and have proposed alternative methods of growing and harvesting.

timeline of agricultural evolution -28-

the last major evolutionary shift in humans ability to chase food (180,000 years ago)

development of modern flour (200 years ago)

chemical manipulation of foods microwave, readymade meals and fast food separation from forest and farm (30-60 years ago)

introduction of super foods and other supplements organic food culture (5-10 years ago)

today

Either “organic”, “clean”, or “green”, the methods are certainly not new, as they reflect the ones farmers and workers used to apply before motorised means took over.

development of agriculture grains in the diet (9,000 years ago)

The proposed food system borrows some of these concepts by taking Newport as a case study and looking into how the city was fed a few decades ago.

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industrialisation of agriculture pesticides, hormones, CAFOs, heavy machinery (40-80 years ago)

globalisation foods out of season genetic manipulation major food security issues (10-40 years ago)

supplying the city

IMPORTS

PARIS MAIN PORT, 17th CENTURY

FARM

FOOD PROCESSOR

MARKETER ROADS WITHIN LONDON ARE SHAPED AROUND OLD FOOD TRAILS

ON THE WAY TO MARKET - CHARLES JAMES ADAMS

EXPORTS

THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY IN 1840 CARRYING ANIMALS BOUND FOR THE CITY -30-

Over the years, the way food is arriving at our cities has been changed dramatically.

Animals walking from countryside to town and horses dragging big carts full of fresh produce were the only way to do it, and it have been done that way for hundreds of years. This period in time has shaped the cities we inhabit today and its marks are still visible today.

The introduction of rail, has changed this process dramatically, as the animals and produce could be transported a lot more quicker thus making the whole process more efficient.

WHOLESALER/ DISTRIBUTOR

The delivery was replaced by large vans during the 1960s, which has been one of the biggest steps towards the industrialisation of the supply chain. The system became more complex than the ever as more members have been added within it. We no longer get food directly from the farmer. There are so many people involved in secrecy between us and the farmer that we are not sure anymore whether what we are consuming is the exact produce that got harvested.

Imported goods were historically transported around the world by boats, a method that still remains the most popular due to its low costs.

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CONSUMER

CATERER

RETAILER

BELLE VUE PARK

GREEN CORRIDOR MONTMOUTH & BRECON CANAL EXTENSION

RAW SYNERGY: THE INNER-CITY FOOD HUB

THE SITE

RIVER USK

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part II proposal

_the city of Newport

_regional level

-replacing a motorway

-food on a boat

_Montmouthshire & Brecon canal

-proposed canal extension

_city scale

_local scale

-the proposal: region to building

_masterplan

-33-

the city of Newport

UK

WALES

NEWPORT

N AVE RG

ABE NY m

32k

FF RDI

CA

x

EDINBURGH

m

k L 50 O T RIS

B

m

23k

x

x

BELFAST

POPULATION 3,065,000

POPULATION 146,000

x x M4

CARDIFF

BRISTOL

x

LONDON

POPULATION 64,000,000

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LONDON 220km

Newport was created after the Normans conquered Gwent in the 11th century. During the 12th century they build a castle, the remains of which still exist today, and soon a small town was formed around it.

By the 15th century, Newport was a notable trading port.

With the arrival of the Industrial Revolution at the end of 18th century, Newport changed completely.

NEWPORT BRIDGE AND CASTLE - PAUL SANDBY, 1784

Later, during the Industrial Revolution, late 18th and 19th centuries, the city experienced significant growth, achieved by the development of the canal network at first and then the railway lines that enabled huge quantities of coal, iron and steel products, all locally sourced and manufactured, to be exported. By the 1850s, Newport has grown to exceed Cardiff and Swansea in both power and wealth. This was the most proud period in the history of the city.

During the 20th century, steel making and the city’s port were the main drivers of the economy during the 20th century, until the heavy industry in the city went into decline with the last blow being the termination of steel-making at the Llanwern Steelworks in 2001.

THE CITY DOCKS, 1910

Newport has gained city status in 2002 and this makes Wales’ newest city. It forms the gateway between Wales and England and it is geographically positioned between Cardiff and Bristol.

The city is currently undergoing big changes, as numerous regeneration schemes have been both recently completed or proposed for the following years.

VIEW OF THE LLANWERN STEELWORKS

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Copy of Monmouthshire, Brecon & Abergavenny Canal

regional level

canals All items

Untitled layer All items

canal map

BRECON

TALYBONT-ON-USK LLANGYNIDR CRICKHOWELL LLANGATTOCK GILWERN ABERGAVENNY GOVILON LLANFOIST LLANELLEN LLANOVER MAMHILAD

GOYTRE

PONTYPOOL

CWBRAN CANAL NEWPORT

regional level scheme diagram

towns involved in the scheme

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The extension of the Montmouth & Brecon canal all the way to the south end of the Usk Way within Newport, will provide the existing farmers with a great opportunity of selling their produce to a larger population, while at the same time encourage new ones to be established. All the farmer based on the towns along the canal are to be included in the scheme.

The development will strongly support and promote the small, independent and familyowned farms which are nowadays mainly supported by small town food shops. Under the scheme the farmers will be provided with the tools and knowledge on increasing their crop yield and intensify their agricultural methods .

The idea is for the majority of the produce grown and harvested within the towns and villages along the canal to be transported and sold into Newport. The produce is moved on boats along the canal and includes everything but not meat, as the meat is processed on-site at the small slaughter house where animals are transported by motorised vehicles in an attempt to minimise potential health threats.

Proposing this development, means that the farmer deals directly with the consumer, therefore completely removing all the unnecessary processes in between. The consumer knows exactly where the food is coming from, how it was grown and harvested and he/she can socially interact with the farmer for any further queries and requests.

Once delivered, the scheme will become an example of alternative food transportation methods within a restructured food system.

With the assistance of a dedicated team, the model can be applied on any city.

independent farms located along the canal

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replacing a motorway UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS

PARIS, FRANCE

Similarly to Newport, the city of Utrecht is undergoing a huge regeneration with an aim to bring back its former glory. A big part the masterplan for the city is the restoration of the former canal that was running within the city, that was replaced by a motorway in the 1980s.

The process of restoration has started in 2002 and it will be delivered in 2019.

Utrecht has been the main source of inspiration for my bold proposal for the city. It proved to me that it is possible to bring back the canal, and the benefits and opportunities of it are unlimited.

Major parts of the motorways making up the river-front of Paris have been dismantled in successful attempt to give back the banks of River Seine to the people. Public spaces, parks and cycling and walking paths have replaced the motorway.

1968

1983

2015

-38-

LONDON, UK In 1986 Richard Rogers proposed a visionary scheme, “London as it should be�, for the city of London.

The proposal was to redesign the Embankment between Westminster and Blackfriars as a new riverbank and pedestrianised park. This meant for the replacement of a four-lane motorway that still exists today.

There is a strong desire of cities to accept the mistakes of the past, and push forward to correct them. This means taking a lot of risks and making sacrifices but as we can see on these three examples the results are always successful and doing something for the people, has numerous social, mental and physical benefits to the public health, the environment and the appearance to place.

These three projects have been very inspiring to the development of my proposal, and it would not have been the same without them. They made me step out of my imagination and look at the proposal in real terms and picture it the Newport of today. A city on the rise, like all these three presented here.

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food on a boat BANGOK, THAILAND

VENICE, ITALY

Food is exchanged from boat to boat along the canals. It is celebrated running along the canal, moving from village to town. It is almost a holy ceremony that nowadays leaning towards the tourist side. It is a prime example that food can be more than a supermarket. More than buying and selling.

The city of Venice has a long tradition of trading with other parts of the Mediterranean. It was once the most powerful city on the sea and unlike most of the cities, almost nothing change in the way the city’s supplies are brought in.

Although not self sufficient everything has to travel on a boat to reach the people of the city.

Fish Market Fish are brought to the market via the canals, unloaded and sold directly at the stalls. This has inspired me to think that the food system could lose the process between sourcing the food and consuming it, the “middleman”.

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PARIS, FRANCE

NEWPORT, WALES

The city of Paris has placed extremely strict constraints on road transport in a bid to make the city greener. Due to this a lot of pressure has been put on companies depending on road transport and large vehicles.

The government’s decision has inspired the French supermarket chain Franprix to shift to the River Seine for a solution.

Franprix now delivers to 135 of its 350 stores using the river. They claim that this initiative takes as many as 2,600 lorries off the city’s roads each year.

The French are definitely seeing the River Seine as a great opportunity for both leisure and commerce.

The Montmouthshire & Brecon Canal in Newport was primarily introduced to assist the coal industry but it was soon discovered that it could be used in other ways as well.

Farmers discovered that they could sell their produce to a greater market by transporting them through the canal. It was a lot quicker than walking and more convenient. This was the case until the railway was introduces and took over.

My proposal for the city looks back at this precise moment. That was the golden era for in terms of trade and food supply. The canal extension i am proposing will provide the farmers with immense opportunities on exchanging on a city scale and the gap between the city and the countryside will be bridged.

-41-

Montmouthshire & Brecon Canal

Built between 1792 and 1812, the Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal linked landlocked Brecon with Newport and the Severn Estuary. No longer a route for transporting fresh produce, stone and processed lime, it is now affectionately known as the Mon & Brec, and is one of the most picturesque canals in the UK. Initially food and coal was transported from the valley into the city via horse-drawn trams, which were later replaced by canals as the demand was growing, making the exchange more efficient.

The new extension of the canal within Newport will provide a new waterfront for the city, freeing up a lot of land previously taken up by the Usk Way. These pieces of land have great potential for canal front development and the Newport Council will create a new specific masterplan covering them.v

the map of the original canal running from Brecon to Newport

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THE SITE

the canal today

the proposed canal extension

motorway -> canal

-43-

PILLGWENLLY

proposed canal extension

CITY CENTRE

COMMERCIAL STREET

RIVER USK THE FOOD HUB NEW CANAL EXTENSION

-44-

SEVERN ESTUARY

RAW SYNERGY

potential site opportunities created by the new canal extension

-45-

city level

city level scheme diagram

-46-

Newport City Council has set up a board on crafting a masterplan for the city centre, fulfilled by the year 2020. The board is made up from members within the council and by private commissions of independent specialist teams.

The board “Newport Unlimited” has drawn up the “Newport 2020” masterplan for the city centre where key aims and objectives are stated.

MARKET GATEWAY

QUARTER

RIVERSIDE

QUARTER

The masterplan introduces a division of the city centre into five different ‘quarters’. The creative and arts, riverfront, market, retail and gateway quarters. The proposal for a new Food Hub introduces a sixth quarter that fits in with the masterplan for the city. The “Food Quarter” includes the part of the Commercial Street south of the city centre that extends all the way to the food hub.

QUARTER

RETAIL QUARTER CREATIVE QUARTER

PILLGWENLLY REGENERATION FRAMEWORK

OLD DOCK REGENERATION PROJECT

THE SITE

QUARTER

FOOD

-47-

local level

local level scheme diagram

-48-

The food hub acts as an anchor point for the area and a centre for the quarter, which includes all the independently owned food retail shops, restaurants and hot food takeaways along the city’s main street.

The aim of the quarter is to provide the area of Pillgwenlly with a unique identification and create a sense of belonging for its people.

Through this, the area will be known for its diversity in different flavours and ways of treating food. Further, the food hub is going to act as a local and private distributor for the members within the quarter.

Commercial Street is visibly divided into two parts, the retail city centre and the Pillgwenlly area. The aim is to unify these two parts by creating a balance between them in terms of public activity. The close proximity of the site to the city centre allows for the two parts to collaborate and work together, making the city’s main street the social centre of the city.

THE SITE

RESTAURANTS

HOT FOOD TAKEAWAYS

LOCAL FOOD SHOPS

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100m

CANAL CROSSINGS

CANAL CROSSIN

CANAL CROSSINGS

OMMERCIAL STREET

masterplan

COMMERCIAL STREET PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLING PATHS ALONG CANAL BELLE VUE PARK

BELLE VUE PARK

CITY CENTRE

GREEN CORRIDOR

N CORRIDOR

GREEN CORRIDOR

CANAL CROSSINGS MONTMOUTH & BRECON CANAL EXTENSION

RAW SYNERGY: THE INNER-CITY FOOD HUB

RAW SYNERGY: THE INNER-CITY FOOD HUB

RAW SYNERGY: THE INNER-CITY FOOD HUB

THE SITE

THE SITE

THE SITE RIVER USK RIVER USK

GREEN CORRIDOR

BELLE VUE PARK -50-

CITY C

MONTMOUTH & BRECON CANAL EXTENSION

scale 1:10000

100m

[copy of scale 1:500 in appendix] COMMERCIAL STREET

PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLING PATHS ALONG CANAL

CITY CENTRE

CANAL CROSSINGS

BELLE VUE PARK

GREEN CORRIDOR MONTMOUTH & BRECON CANAL EXTENSION

RAW SYNERGY: THE INNER-CITY FOOD HUB

THE SITE

RIVER USK

-51-

“public markets are markets which operate in or as a public space, feature only locally owned and operated businesses, and which have a broader public purpose, such as neighbourhood revitalization or improving community health�

-Project for Public Places

-52-

part III project brief

_brief history of the market

-vision

_letter of appointment

_building users

_schedule of accommodation

-the proposal: region to building

-what is Raw Synergy?

-53-

brief history of the market

During the early 19th century, Acts of Parliament encourage the burst of civic improvements, which included the demolition, re-sitting or re-building of the market house. By that time it was found that it was more convenient to split the functions of the old market house between separate buildings such as town halls, court house, covered markets and corn exchange.

The 19th century saw the concentration of food retailers under one roof. The point where outdoors market went indoors has been marked in history, as it still influences the way markets are build around the world. The advantages were that the vendors could keep an eye on their competition, and customers could chose among several different merchants.

ANCIENT AGORA, ATHENS

PALAZZO DEL BROLETTO,COMO, ITALY

SALISBURY, 1870

PETERBOROUGH, 1874

WYMONDHAM

ALNWICK

-54-

NORWICH

OAKHAM

CRICKHOWELL

CORN EXCHANGE BUILDING, BRISTOL

Towns are built on trade. The Ancient Agora of Athens in 6th century BC, is the first example of where public activities were collected on the same place at the centre of the towns.

CHIPPENHAM MARKET DAY - LOUISE RAYNER, 1865

THE FIGHT BETWEEN CARNIVAL AND LENT -PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER, 1559

For centuries main focus of the town was markets and fairs. Medieval towns were characterised by, the market cross, a structure that used to indicate the market square at the centre of the town.

It featured a cross, which sought divine protection, something which further extended to a physical one. The market crosses were built and managed by the market authority of the town at the time.

The cross clearly displayed openness in public exchange and identification of goods. By the 17th century their number in England and Wales alone rose to 800.

Court, exchange and management needs for the market soon arose, that made the development of the market house almost natural. This provided a covered space for vendors on the ground floor and guildhall, court, town hall and even jail above. For centuries, local governments established market laws and constructed these special building that demonstrated their commitment to protect citizens from spoiled food, high prices, food shortages and merchandise of all kinds.

This typology can be traced back to the Palazzo del Broletto in Como, Italy, built in 1215, decades before the first example appeared in the UK.

MARKET SCENE - PIETER AERTSEN, 1550

-55-

vision

the proposed food system

the food system now harvesting

harvesting

growing

growing

transporting

transporting

rent

eating

n cp a tra

transparent

eating

packing retail

retail

-56-

x packing

brief / letter of Appointment Date: 14.04.2016 Client: Newport City Council Project: Proposed Food Hub Dear Newport City Council, thank you for inviting me to act as your architect for the new Food Hub building as previously discussed and described on our meeting on 01.04.2016.

You told me that your target cost for the building work is ÂŁ8m to which must be added my fees and any VAT. You also said that you would like building works to commence on 01.09.2016 and be complete by 01.10.2016.

The building The new Food Hub sits within the new masterplan I have prepared for the city, and works together with the new Montmouth & Brecon Canal extension, of region-wide impact, that replaces the Usk Way road.

The new building will be divided into a public/retail and private/wholesale side. The front/main entrance will be the entrance to the retail market, and the back of the building will be the entrance to the wholesale market. Further two secondary public entrances exist for the retail market, and one private entrance for the sorting space, accessible by farmers and boat drivers. A space in the middle, bound by both markets, will be provided for the sorting of food that arrives by the boats on the adjacent canal.

On ground level the retail market will be consisted of 47 market stalls, public rest rooms and stair and lift access to the upper floor. The wholesale will be made out of a refrigerated room for food requiring lower storing temperatures, a plant room, and 3 long double-shelves for the storing of produce on pallets. The sorting space in the middle will be accompanied by 2 offices on adjacent sides and an employee-only corridor connecting the two markets on the third side. Rest room, pantry room and outdoor courtyard are provided for the employees and are adjoined by the corridor.

The upper floor consists of a restaurant, bar/cafe and a flexible corridor available for leisure and other community events. It is accessible by the ground floor market space through stairs and lift, and also through a ramp located on the outside of north facade. The capacity of the restaurant is 44 and its employees have access to a rest room and an outdoors balcony, directly connected to the courtyard on the ground level.

The Food Hub will become a centre for ward of Pillgwenlly while at the same time playing a fundamental role within the vision for a new food system for the city. It will provide individuals and independent local food businesses with fresh produce that is traceable all the way to its source. It will educate people through practical exposure of raw produce, that encourages a sense of discovery and social interaction between users and professionals.

Yours sincerely Andreas Leonidou

-57-

buidling users

FRESH PRODUCE MARKET STALLS 24 PEOPLE ARE EMPLOYED AT 16 MARKET STALLS PREPARING HOT FOOD AND DRINK TAKEAWAYS

INDEPENDENT FOOD SHOP WORKERS ARRIVE AT THE WHOLESALE MARKET TO COLLECT THEIR ORDERS

MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING 5 PEOPLE ARE EMPLOYED

WELSH RESTAURANT 4 PEOPLE ARE EMPLOYED AS WAITERS SERVING 44 WHEN AT FULL CAPACITY

-58-

WELSH RESTAURANT 2 CHEFS AND 1 COOKING ASSISTANT ARE EMPLOYED PREPARING FOOD FOR 44 WHEN AT FULL CAPACITY

SORTING SPACE 3 PEOPLE ARE EMPLOYED UNLOADING THE BOATS STORING AND CLEANING PRODUCE

OFFICE SPACES 10 PEOPLE ARE EMPLOYED AT 2 OFFICE SPACES IN CHARGE OF THE MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

FOOD AND DRINK MARKET STALLS 38 PEOPLE ARE EMPLOYED AT 28 MARKET STALLS RETAILING FRESH PRODUCE

WHOLESALE MARKET 8 PEOPLE ARE EMPLOYED AT THE WHOLESALE MARKET AND IN CHARGE STORING THE PRODUCE TAKING CARE OF ORDERS

SOCIAL INTERACTIONS PEOPLE COME TO THE MARKET IN ORDER TO INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER

-59-

SHOPPING PEOPLE COME TO THE MARKET IN ORDER TO DO THEIR FOOD SHOPPING

FOOD AND DRINK PEOPLE COME TO THE MARKET IN ORDER TO ENJOY FOOD AND DRINK

schedule of accomodation

GROUND FLOOR

PUBLIC

UPPER FLOOR

PRIVATE

PUBLIC

PRIVATE

STAIR AND LIFE ACCESS TO UPPER FLOOR

9 sqm

47 x MARKET STALLS

407 sqm

SEATING SPACE ABOVE STALLS

50 sqm

RESTAURANT KITCHEN

25 sqm

STAIR ACCESS TO UPPER FLOOR MARKET SEATING SPACE

4 sqm

CLEANING CLOSET

12 sqm

FLEXIBLE CORRIDOR

165 sqm

STORAGE

10 sqm

REST ROOMS

35 sqm

EMPLOYEES PANTRY

22 sqm

2 x RESTAURANT SEATING

77 sqm

BAR

8 sqm

RAMP ACCESS TO UPPER FLOOR

45 sqm

EMPLOYEES COURTYARD

33 sqm

BAR SEATING SPACE

50 sqm

EMPLOYEES OUTDOOR BALCONY

10 sqm

CIRCULATION

385 sqm

WASTE

13 sqm

REST ROOM

30 sqm

STAIRS TO UPPER FLOOR BALCONY

4 sqm

REST ROOM CORRIDOR

8 sqm

REST ROOM

14 sqm

CORRIDOR

55 sqm

2 x OFFICES

50 sqm

SORTING ROOM

67 sqm

CIRCULATION

55 sqm

REFRIGERATED ROOM

50 sqm

PLANT ROOM

15 sqm

MAIN WHOLESALE MARKET

380 sqm

-60-

-61-

the proposal: region to building

TRANSPORTING

BREEDING

THE FARMER

PRODUCTION

HARVESTING

LOCAL FOOD

PROCESSED

INDUSTRIES

FOOD PRODUCTS

TRANSPORTING THROUGH CANAL

RETAIL MARKET

SORTING

SELLING

STORAGE

WHOLESALE MARKET

LOCAL GROCERY STORES

RESTAURANTS

UNLOADING

SLAUGHTERING

THE “RAW SYNERGY” FOOD HUB

STALLS

HOT FOOD TAKEAWAYS

WASTE

PEOPLE -62-

RETAIL MARKET SORTING AREA WHOLESALE MARKET PROPOSED PARK CANAL WHOLESALE MEAT MARKET RETAIL MEAT MARKET ABATTOIR

PUBLIC PRIVATE

proposal within the site

-63-

visible

transparent

partnerships

maintenance

exibility

inclusiveness

welcoming

multiple price scales and quality

cleaning

wholesale plant room

team

ramp

exible upper oor

informal seating

restaurant seating

organised events

seating

spontaneous events

everyone feels at ease

chefs demos

cross-cultural

organised

retail

encourages investments

child friendly

accessible

young

old

disabled

seating

dividend

outreach

opportunity to sit

opportunity to rest

makes people happy

quality

good management

kids activities

friendly

accessible

welsh restaurant

restaurants

food traditions

their way of dealing with food

of how town centres once used to be weather protection

memory

relaxed vibe

emotion

promote welsh spirit

learns from the immigrants

noun the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects

play

safety

food

education

activities

car

bus

SYNERGY

key to ongoing public enjoyment

-64-

foot

2) raw food stripped out of all packaging and processing

bike

1) fresh, raw produce sold in the market

celebrate food

Raw, in terms of my proposal, has a double meaning:

wander around

adjective not cooked

play

RAW

celebrate the ethnic diversity of the area

what is Raw Synergy?

Its all about bringing the people together, interacting and collaboratinga achieving a common goal. For the system to work there has to be cooperation between the public and the private

stalls

fresh food

activity

people

flowers

commercial street

green spaces

park

remains

leftovers

exterior

interior

flexible seating

wooden deck

or produce

relax

leisure

longevity

mental health

storage

supply

food

culture

spin-off opportunities ramp

confluence

outdoor terrace

employee operated

passionate vendors

donations

self-sustaining

neighbourhood links comfort

local independent food shops

sense of community ownership

parking

supports the new food system

flow

keep money local

local people

economy

no advertising

job creation

local

firm

fair

quality products

with customers

with vendors

cool

refrigerated

local takeaways

local restaurants

local grocery stores

boats

food

business

stories

food

catch up

ideas

news

gossip

food sourced within 30 miles

excite senses

cooking

raw food

maintains good relations

smells

cooked food

flowers

effective beyond the scenes

laugh

wholesale

scale

internal competition

canal

transportation

recreation

choice and selection

Raw Synergy: an inner-city food hub

easy to approach

revamped outdoor restroom

better than advertising

intrigues all senses

interactive

promotion of social interaction

open-minded

appearance

keep visitors engaged

forward looking

grade II* building

public relations

specialised stalls

visitor experience

chit-chat

builds local value

food festival

talk

attractions

sense of giving back

about to go bad

or raise

eating

education

shopping

shade

enjoying views

sense of entry

drinking

reflects community

eat at home

eat above the stalls

eat by canal

takeaway

restaurant

snacking

hands-on

growing

harvesting

sell only what they grow

charities

recipes cooking methods

market strengthens local connections

river

health

diet food products

multi-ethnic population

canal

weekly

daily

cantilever

roof

louvers

trees

weekend visit

served by the people

vendors

green corridor

art

supports community health

permanent rent

temporary rent

diversity

fair rent

pedestrian paths

greenways

bike trails

cooking

public outdoors sculptures

levels

sense of belonging

local food banks

to the people

-65-

-66-

part IV the site _pillgwenlly

_the site in the past

-the site in the present

_understanding the site

_site analysis

-67-

Pillgwenlly

The wards of Newport

PILLGWENLLY

POPULATION

AREA

PILLGWENLLY 6.43km2

-68-

NEWPORT 217km2

PILLGWENLLY

NEWPORT 145,000

The Pillgwenlly (Pill) ward of Newport once used to be a thriving, housing much of the dock activity and its workers at the start of the 20th century.

Newport owes much of its growth to the dock industry and Pill was central to this and the wider development and growth of Newport as a whole.

As Newport’s docks expanded during the first quarter of the 20th century, Pill witnessed rapid growth, expanding northwards towards the centre of the city. Due to the investment and confidence in the area, Pill saw several landmark buildings built along Commercial Road, reflecting the wealth and status of the area.

With the decline of heavy industry in South Wales and the subsequent decline in dockland activity, Pill has undergone a marked change.

Today, Pill is among the most deprived wards in Wales, with high rates of unemployment, economic inactivity, health issues and low levels of academic achievement. In addition to its social and economic issues, physical evidence of its decline is manifest through reduced building maintenance and occupancy, leading to high levels of building vacancy and dereliction.

LOWER SUPER OUTPUT AREAS WITHIN PILLGWENLLY

CITY CENTRE

4

3 1

THE CHOSEN SITE INDUSTRIAL

2

RESIDENTIAL NURSERY RECREATION OTHER PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS BROWNFIELD COMMERCIAL EDUCATION

pillgwenlly land use

-69-

the site in the past 1800s-1900s The site used to be a muddy Pill/water inlet.

This gave the name of the ward of Pillgwenlly also called “Pill” by its locals

ndmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2016. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.

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200 m

180

University of the West of England

dmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2016. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.

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University of the West of England

ndmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2016. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.

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200 m

University of the West of England

1900s-1920s The Pill was covered, preparing for the Dry Dock creation

1900s-1960s The “Tredegar Dry Dock” was created and after a while it was surrounded by industrial specialists. It was firstly put to business in the 1900s and dismantled in the beginning of the 1960s due to the rapid decline of Newport’s port industry.

PHOTO OF THE DRY DOCK LOOKING NORTH (1914) WITH THE SITE HIGHLIGHTED

1960s-1970s The dry dock has been dismantled and filled due to the rapid decline of Newport’s port industry. It gave way to two warehouses.

1970s-TODAY One of the warehouses still exists on the site today along and houses kitchens and doors sold by a furniture company. A small scrapyard also exists on the site next to the warehouse on the northern end.

PHOTO FROM A SHIP ON THE DRY DOCK LOOKING WEST TOWARDS THE COURTYBELLA TERRACE (1955)

DUCATIONAL USE ONLY.

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100

200

300

400

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Feb 28, 2016 20:14 600

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800

900

1000 m

Andreas Leonidou University of the West of England

© Crown copyright and database rights 2016 Ordnance Survey (Digimap Licence). FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.

-70-

PHOTO OF A SHIP WITHIN THE DRY DOCK, (1925)

the site in the present

THE UK

SW ENGLAND AND SW WALES

NEWPORT

-71-

PILLGWENLLY

THE SITE

understanding the site

FLOATING HARBOUR, BRISTOL

UWE R-BLOCK, BRISTOL

NEWPORT MARKET

scale tests

-72-

SANTA CATERINA MARKET, BARCELONA

RESIDENTIAL

INDUSTRIAL

surrounding built environment

-73-

2 STOREYS

2 STOREYS

3 STOREYS

2 STOREYS 3 STOREYS

RE

SID

EN

TIA

L

COMMERCIAL

THE SITE TODAY

RESIDENTIAL

L

RESIDENTIA

L

ENTIA

RESID

L

ERCIA

COMM

RIVER USK

THE SITE

VIEWS FROM SITE

VIEWS FROM SITE

2 STOREYS 4 STOREYS

RESID

2 STOREYS

ENTIA

L

IAL

RESIDENT

THE SITE

IAL

RESIDENT

THE SITE

PUB

-74-

L

ENTIA

RESID

THE SITE

THE SITE PROTECT EXISTING TREES OUSE

H WARE

THE SITE

PARK AND GREEN CORRIDOR OPPORTUNITY

4 STOREYS

4 STOREYS

2 STOREYS

CITY ICON

4 STOREYS

L

ENTIA

RESID

RESIDENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL

THE SITE

VIEWS FROM SITE

3 STOREYS

2 STOREYS RESIDENTIAL

INDUSTRIAL GRADE II* LISTED PUBLIC REST ROOMS

-75-

site analysis city centre 1.2km

city centre 1.2km

M CO

AL

AL

RCI ME

RCI ME

M CO

EET STR

EET STR

The site is situated between two worlds; industrial and residential. It could potentially address both and attempt to bridge the gap between them

The linear car parking/green space offers an opportunity into connecting the site directly to the sports centre and majestic Belle Vue park on the west. The car parking can be removed and give way for a formal park and green corridor.

High amount of traffic on two major roads around the site create heavy noise and air pollution

Neglected land offers great opportunity of expanding the area towards the river

SO

UT

HD

IST R

IBU TO R

RO AD

CO M

ME

RC I

AL

ST

RE

ET

The city centre is located within a close range from the site, something that offers an opportunity to expand the centre and attract activity to the are around the site

the site has the potential to become a mediator for all physical and social traffic types

-76-

-77-

-78-

part V design development

_the market house concept

-re-inventing the market house

-organisation of experience: food system

-one process one site

-proposal organisation ideas

-main market building

-organisation of experience :food type

-79-

the market house concept

PROTECTED PRIVACY

COVERED MARKET ACTIVITY

-80-

PECKHAM LIBRARY WILL ASLOP, 2000

RAISING PRIVATE ACTIVITIES

STUDIES OF THE CONCEPT OF SEPARATING ‘‘PRIVATE’ AND ‘PUBLIC’ ACTIVITES. JUST LIKE THE MARKET HOUSE, PRIVATE MATTERS ARE DEALT WITH ABOVE AND PUBLIC ACTIVITIES ON THE GROUND LEVEL

PRIVATE

PUBLIC

MARKET SPACE PRIVATE PUBLIC

-81-

OPEN

CLOSED

re-inventing the market house

CLOSED

OPEN

OPEN

OPEN

OPEN

MARKET HIGH STREET BOUND

BY PUBLIC ACTIVITY

HIDING THE PRIVATE FROM PLAIN VIEW

PRIVATE FOCUSED ORGANISATION

ORGANISED AROUND A PRIVATE CORE

GOING UNDERGROUND

FLEXIBLE OUTDOORS MARKET SPACE

-82-

GOETZ COLLECTION GALLERY, MUNICH, GERMANY HERZOG & DE MEURON, 1992

CHATEAU MARGAUX WINERY, MARGAUX, FRANCE FOSTER + PARTNERS, 2015

THE ROOF CREATES COVER FOR BOTH AN OUTDOORS AND INDOORS SPACE

PRIVATE MARKET ACTIVITY

COVERED PUBLIC MARKET MARKET STALLS FLEXIBLE MARKET SPACE AROUND

MARKET SPACE PUBLIC SPACE

-83-

organisation of experience: food type BOROUGH MARKET, LONDON, 1014

PRIVATE

PUB LIC

LIC PUB

LIC PUB

EACH ONE OF THEM CONTAINS JUST A CERTAIN TYPE OF FOOD The market is organised according to the type of food. This makes it clear and much more convenient for customers to find what they want.

By keeping all the vendors close together, this increases the competition and keeps price low

The market becomes an extension of the surrounding infrastructure on the ground with its own unique street pattern

-84-

The market acts as a node and anchor point within an area.

It needs to be located on a site where multiple transport modes meet.

An important but neglected junction where the market will then act as a facilitator

LA BOQUERIA MARKET, BARCELONA, 1840

Similar organisation occurs at the ‘La Boqueria’ market in Barcelona, which is also organised according to the food type. The difference is that the market in Barcelona is seen as an independent structure on its own, whereas the Borough Market is more open to the environment and its surroundings.

THE MARKET BLENDS IN WITH ITS SURROUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE ON GROUND LEVEL

-85-

organisation of experience: food system process FOOD PORT, WEST KENTUCKY, USA OMA, 2015

TRANSPARENT FOOD SYSTEM The food port combines all the processes within the food system that i have analysed earlier, all into one site. The space required to do this is huge, and extremely difficult for a similar project to happen in Newport, as there is no land available in that size.

The project has been a great inspiration for me and made me look more on the way the public world comes together with the private and coexist perfectly under one roof.

ANCIENT AGORA OF ATHENS

-86-

This image shows OMA’ Food Port deconstructed and placed within one of the initial sites of my selection within Newport.

The food system processes could potentially broken apart and placed with such a manner or split between a number of sites covering the city. This will result in a closed inner-city food system, which will indeed become transparent for the people.

-87-

one process one site

I have identified site that were either neglected or misused and applied the concept of OMA’s Food Port.

This image shows the deconstruction of the project within a city scale this time.

Each site holds an individual process within the food system.

In an attempt to make the food system transparent and give the power to the hands of the people, education centres are included were both professionals and members of the public can inform and educate themselves for various food-relating issues and solutions ranging from healthy eating to intense agricultural methods.

Each centre relies on another to complete the cycle of the system.

-88-

VALPARAISO, CHILE

THE CONCEPT OF HAVING MULTIPLE NODES PLACED ALONG MAJOR INFRASTRUCTURE

CONNECTING THEM VIA AN ARTILLERY ELEVATOR

VISION reconstruct the industrialised food system and support the local farmers

DESIGN ONE PART OF THE PROCESS ON ONE SITE

FOOD DISTRIBUTION= MARKET, WAREHOUSE, GROCERY STORE

connect once again the city and countryside CANAL INTRODUCTION where is it going to end? in the site? on the river? tidal water?

THE BUILDING ON THE PARTICULAR SITE CAN MARK THE BOUNDARY OF THE CITY AND CREATE A NEW EDGE ON THE SOUTH

-89-

proposal organisation ideas

Integrating all the sites into on area, open for people to investi

An attempt to turn the canal into a space for recreation and leisure, surrounded by a public square and market on either side

The corridors within market stalls turn into extensions of the streets surrounding the site on the ground

The canal is an extension of the river.

The idea of a tide-pool which filled up every time the tide of the river was highwas tested, which was adjoined by a curve shaped market building that makes space for a public square in front

The idea of a “double loop” The buildings on the site have two sides, a private and public side. All the sides join together to create a “private loop” and a “public loop” The concept remains within the proposed site plan

Green spaces are strategically used to block noise and views of the motorised roads The tide-pool is surrounded by buildings on two sides, and create beautiful canal side spaces of recreation and leisure. which accommodate a raw produce market and a Market stalls are placed on both sides of the canal, and the triangular shaped building cooked food market, that create public squares at is the community space and auditorium. their entrances.

-90-

The introduction of a Food Port on a secondary site close to the original one was soon put down as there was no need of having a port where food is dropped off and then transported to the market. It can all happen within the original market

Following the industrial building typology of the built surroundings

ne, brings a complete food system all in one large igate without having to travel.

The canal is not connected to river usk anymore, but it is a branch off the wider, extended canal .The concept of the loop is still carried along by the introduction of bridges along the canal.

The idea of creating a “public” and “private” loop became fundamental to my design development. Splitting the side, and bringing together the private with the public world, strongly supports the aim of the proposal, to create a transparent food system.

Interaction between the two sides can happen all within the site.

Small hills are added to the site to create a boundary to the west and enclose the activity within the centre where the canal gets wider. This drawing sparked the concept of creating an enclosure within the site

The functions of the site at this moment were as follows: RETAIL MARKET WHOLESALE MARKET SLAUGHTER HOUSE RESTAURANT The typology of buildings and layout within the site has changed in the final proposal, but the driving concept still remains.

-91-

main market building

RETAIL

WHOLESALE

CANAL

The retail market features a high pitched roof, typical of traditional markets, where two towers are extruding. The towers are small observatories where people can access from within the market. They are small outdoors spaces where once up there one can have views both to the external landscape and interior market space

The wholesale market and retail market are two separate buildings.

The wholesale supplies the retail market with food that arrives on the canal every day.

SORTING ROOM

RETAIL

WHOLESALE

CANAL Another smaller building stitches the two markets together. This is where the food from the canal is dropped off and then distributed on either side according to the supply needs of the day.

-92-

river park

roof development

-93-

-94-

part VI design proposal

_site plan

_site model

-plans -elevations -sections -views

-physical models

-access

-building layout

-building regulations

-95-

site plan scale 1:1000 [copy of scale 1:500 in the appendix]

-96-

20m

N -97-

4

1 CANAL

10

2 PRIVATE PARKING

5

3 PUBLIC PARKING 4 GREEN SPACE 5 REVAMPED GRADE II* LISTED PUBLIC REST ROOMS

8

6 RIVER USK

2

7 PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLING PATHS

4

7

1

8 RAW SYNERGY

7

9 SLAUGHTER HOUSE 10 COMMERCIAL STREET

4 2 9

3

4

7

site model scale 1:500

-98-

6

learning from precedents

SANTA CATERINA MARKET, ENRIC MIRALLES

SMITHFIELD WHOLESALE MARKET, LONDON

The restaurants and cafĂŠs that make the border of the building, are able to remain open and accessed through secondary entrances once the market is closed. This allows for the building to be used throughout the whole day by shifting its uses.

The market features a public corridor where all the stalls are located on either side. The stalls do not allow much sunlight to enter in, as they have to keep a constant cool temperature, preserving the food.

LES HALLES, PARIS | VICTOR BALTARD

OLD SPITAFIELDS MARKET, LONDON

The market used to feature extremely high roofs and wide corridors within it that where not only used by customers but also used as crossings and normal roads. I have applied this idea by providing the people that live around the market with direct access to the canal and pathways, through the markets corridors.

The entrance of the market is visible from afar, but the rest of the market space is covered by other uses that wrap around it, and hide the internal space.

-99-

MARKETHALL, ROTTERDAM | MVRDV 1. Some market stalls are designed in such a way that access to their top is allowed, where seating is provided.

2. Views are allowed into the market space through raised platforms that form part of both the public and private circulation.

ground floor plan scale 1:200

B

[copy of scale 1:100 in the appendix]

B

A

-100-

A

N PUBLIC PRIVATE

-101-

upper floor plan

B

scale 1:200

B

A

-102-

N PUBLIC PRIVATE

A

-103-

roof plan scale 1:200

-104-

-105-

east elevation wholesale market front scale 1:200

-106-

-107-

west elevation retail market front scale 1:200

-108-

-109-

south elevation canal facing side scale 1:200

-110-

-111-

north elevation ramp side scale 1:200

-112-

-113-

section BB scale 1:100

-114-

-115-

section AA scale 1:200

[copy of scale 1:100 in the appendix]

-116-

-117-

views

the proposal within the site

-118-

approaching the site from Commercial Street [larger copy in the appendix]

-119-

internal view from the flexible corridor on the upper floor

-120-

-121-

internal view within the market stalls

-122-

internal view within the wholesale market

-123-

internal view within the market stalls

-124-

external view of canal facing elevation on the south

-125-

design proposal through physical models

-126-

-127-

model in scale 1:100

-128-

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-137-

scale 1:25

-138-

scale 1:100

-139-

-140-

-141-

access

12%

24%

48%

16%

to site

-142-

Walk Cycle Bus Car

day

night

to building

-143-

WASTE VEHICLE ROUTE Retail

900

WASTE POINT

675 450

EMERGENCY VEHICLE ROUTE

225 0 04:00 07:00 10:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00 04:00 07:00 10:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00

Sorting

20 15 10 5

0 04:00 07:00 10:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00 04:00 07:00 10:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00

Wholesale

40 30 20

Amount 10 of people 0

04:00 07:00 10:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00 04:00 07:00 10:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00

Time of the day weekday

waste collection and emergency vehicles access

building usage in time and quantity

-144-

weekend

20m

MAJOR PUBLIC ACCESS POINTS

PUB

LIC

main entrance

SID

E

PRI

VAT ES

BOTH PROPOSED BUILDINGS ARE FOLLOWING THE LAYOUT OF THEIR SURROUNDING RESIDENCES ON EITHER SIDE

IDE

THE CANAL DIVIDES THE SITE INTO TWO PARTS

building layout on site

-145-

The layout of the building within the site is associated with its context, the canal and existing residential development. It echoes the layout of the terrace houses on the north side in order to blend in with its surroundings without having an unnecessary impact on the road system layout around it. Such an impact is of not benefit as it will alienate the site to the people living in the area.

The building also follows the layout of the canal with the purpose of creating a prominent public walkway along it, supported by ground floor retail activity.

The canal acts as a divider within the site, separating the market building with the meat facilities across the canal. It is purposely further divided into two more parts, the retail (public) and wholesale (private). This way the site gives way to some industrial activity, strengthening the big goal of food transparency.

The connection between the two buildings is via the front of the site on the west or through a pedestrian bridge over the canal which closes the “public loop”.

building regulations

internal market space public staircase r=166mm g=260mm 2(166)+260=592 [2r+g=550-700]

exterior ramp -wheelchair accessible height: 2200mm distance: 32250 gradient: 1:14

accesibility - ramp and staircase

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ground floor

upper floor

fire escape

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part VII environmental strategies

-views

_solar strategy

_ventilation

-heating and cooling

-acoustics

-landscape strategy

-149-

views

The Bird Hide was a small project, of the brief “Environmental Moderator, completed right before the main proposal project for Newport.

The hide is shaped around its natural environment, and particularly the views.

It has been designed to block out any views from the city, or anything manmade so as the user can focus on what it is important at that moment; the birds.

The openings have been sculpted in such a way to allow only views of the River Usk and the precious for the birds mud on its banks.

the bird hide

-150-

VIEWS STUDY

This approach is carried on onto the proposal for a food hub, where the openings are shaped in a way to allow views directly to the River Usk and green spaces, blocking everything around it.

THE DESIGN PROCESS STARTED OFF WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, FOCUSING MAINLY ON THE PROVIDED VIEWS FROM THE INTERIOR SPACE TO EVERYTHING EXTERIOR. THE GOAL WAS TO BLOCK ANY VIEW OF THE CITY OR ANY OTHER MAN-MADE ELEMENT. TO DO SO, THE

calculating the openings’ angles

VIEWING ANGLE HAS BEEN MEASURED PRECISELY IN ORDER TO SHAPE THE OPENINGS THAT WILL IN TURN GENERATE THE VIEWS. THE BIRD HIDE -151-

views

upper floor

Views towards newly redeveloped park are offered from the upper floor

On the other end (front of retail market on the west) the newly redeveloped park is framed. This time the openings are not shaped in a particular way in order to allow both views to the park and the commercial street. The idea for people sitting on the upper floor to be able to have of the flow of people on the outside, while being able to look down at the market stalls in the interior at the same time.

FLE

XIBL

E CO

RRI

DO

R

RES SEA TAURA TIN NT G

The wholesale market has been shifted slightly towards the north, to create a corner on the upper floor that offer unbeatable views. The corner is sitting right at the end of the flexible corridor where informal is located.

Structural elements are not placed on the viewing corner in order to allow for panoramic views of the natural scenery on the east.

Residents of the houses on the north of the market are offered views inside the market space from their bedrooms. The openings are located high enough so as for users of the market People standing on the deck above not to be able to look the market stalls have views on inside the houses every corner of the market and also views of the flexible corridor which is at the same height

CA

FE/

BAR

ARE

Views towards canal, green space, river usk and transporter bridge

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A

ground floor

Following on the Bird Hide, the openings on the upper floor have been sculpted in such an angle so as to block views to the parking lots and slaughter house. Instead views towards the canal, River Usk and Transporter Bridge are framed.

RAMP

While people are walking up the ramp they are offered small glimpses of the internal market space. Each step they take the perspective changes, therefore every view is unique

A small opening is placed on the wall dividing the market stalls so as to allow for visual connection to happen for visitors standing on either end.

MARKET SPACE

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solar strategy

Openings on the roof allow for natural light to enter from above as well allowing for natural ventilation to occur.

The openings have been placed in such a way so as to direct the light directly down at the circulation corridors within the market stalls.

solar shade summer 620

louver system

equinox 390

north light winter 150

visual connection between interior and exterior

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The ground floor is mainly occupied by the market stalls on all sides, therefore the light has been designed to reach the internal spaces from the upper floors and front entrance.

The front entrance features glazed doors and windows which illuminate the entrance and meeting space, making it more friendly and welcoming.

The cantilever on the east side allows for an opening to be created between the it and the green roof of the wholesale market. This allows for the bar and seating area to be illuminated in a similar manner as the main entrance. This marks the start and end of the market experience.

W

E

The wholesale market needs to be kept cooler than the retail market.

Food products stored in the market need a lower temperature to be preserved for longer.

It has been designed with an extensive green roof on the top, that not only boosts the biodiversity of the place, increases the thermal performance of the interior storage spaces.

This lowers significantly the use of mechanical cooling. The green space adjacent to the market follows the same principles where, evergreen trees block direct sunlight to the market.

The only openings on the south elevations are the ones located close to the ground to allow for people to look inside.

It is naturally illuminated by larger openings placed on the north elevation.

S

deciduous trees

pedestrian path shaded in the summer un-shaded in the winter

evergreen trees

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During warmer days, especially in the summer, windows on the west and east elevation, mechanically open to allow for cross ventilation to occur and naturally cool the spaces of the retail market.

heating and cooling

At a similar moment four windows on the roof of the main market space mechanically open up to allow for the warmer air to escape and be replaced by cool air coming in from outside.

In case of dense smoke and steam gathering in the market space, the same roof windows open up for a short period of time to allow for them to escape.

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The refrigerated room in the wholesale market produces heat that is usually lost in the atmosphere.

In the case of the proposal, the two markets work together during colder days where the warm air generated by the refrigeration units is mechanically pumped to the markets and released by vents placed on the floor and on the northern edge of the market space.

REFRIGERATED ROOM PLANT ROOM

The temperature of the interior spaces has been designed according to the function and use of each space.

The spaces that employ people whose work is inactive, have been designed to be warmer in order to keep these people comfortable working for 6-8 hours. The people that do an active work everyday within the building are placed in spaces where they are cooler, such as the wholesale market and sorting room.

WARM

The market space is an extension of the street, and this applied both in the layout and temperature.

On the ground floor people are crowded very closely together and are moving constantly, therefore the temperature is kept relatively lower than an average room temperature of 22 degrees.

OUTSIDE

COLD

190C 170C

220C

220C 220C 220C

180C

220C

180C

220C 220C 180C 220C

210C

160C

210C

50C

140C

SORTING ROOM MARKET STALLS

MARKET SPACE

OFFICES

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REFRIGERATED ROOM

WHOLESALE MARKET

Markets have historically been noisy places, even at points where vendors need to shout to customers.

This aspect is within the proposal for the retail market where the corridors on the ground floor, circulating around the market stalls have been designed to be as narrow as possible.

This is to allow for sound to bounce off the stalls and escape towards the high roof in the middle, creating an echo of voices felt by the people using the upper floor.

The idea is to for the people using the upper floor to feel like they are still in a market space even if stationed above it. Further, the height of the market stalls have been designed in such a way that people standing over them can communicate with people standing below.

acoustics

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The site is prone to flooding and a low risk flooding event occurs every 5-10 years.

The strategically placed green space and the new canal extension are to fight against flooding in the area and bring it down to extremely low risk.

In case of a flooding, all the excess water is attracted by the green spaces and put back to the ground. The water that remains on any impervious surface is drained by flowing into the canal.

flooding and drainage

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Aims: -to inform the user of the different levels of privacy and accessibility within the site

landscape strategy 20m GREEN PEDESTRIAN BOULEVARD

-to block unwanted noise and views

B

-boost the wildlife population in the area

RETAIL MARKET G

-increase the accessible green areas of the surrounding areas

WHOLESALE MARKET

F

-create a direct link from the green corridor to River Usk, through the site A

E

-improve the visual and sensory qualities of the area

D H

C

views towards the

parking and private facilities are filtered by the greeneries

noise from the

B

motorised road blocked by the greeneries surrounding it

G

A

E

B

F

C

G

D

H

ABATTOIR

MOTORISED ROADS GREEN AREAS GREEN PEDESTRIAN BOULEVARD

PEDESTRIAN ONLY AREAS [IMPERMEABLE]

PRIVATE PARKING PUBLIC PARKING

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model at scale 1:500

-161-

landscape strategy

-162-

NON-FLEXIBLE SEATING FLEXIBLE SEATING PUBLIC REST ROOM BOAT LOADING/UNLOADING BICYCLE PARKING BUS STOP PRIVATE CAR PARKING PUBLIC CAR PARKING WALKING/CYCLING PATH

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-164-

part VIII technical substantiation

_structural strategy

-building weight

-materiality

-technical details

-165-

structural strategy OPEN MARKET, PENISTONE, UK

MAISON DE PEUPLE, CLICHY, FRANCE JEAN PROUVE, 1935

MAIN ENTRANCE ROTATE 900

MAIN ENTRANCE ON THE SIDE This structure was fundamental in the development of my proposal it inspired me to use a similar but rotated organisation and layout of spaces, consisting of one main aisle and two secondary ones on either side.

In my proposal I have rotated the structure 90 degrees and i have resulted with one main market space in the middle and secondary ones that each lead to a cantilever.

The portal frame allows the possibility to create a flexible open plan on the interior. This is key to the design of a market as circulation and exchange need to happen unobstructed.

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Jean Prouve has designed the market as a steel portal frame where the stalls could plug-in according to the way it was constructed. The same concept was applied on the roof openings as well. Raw Synergy follows a similar approach where the openings and stalls follow the way the structure is put on the site.

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THE AREA OF THE GREATEST HEIGHT, IN THE MIDDLE OF THE RETAIL MARKET, IS FREE OF COLUMNS IN ORDER TO ENCOURAGE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, AND ALLOW FOR POSSIBLE STALL ARRANGEMENTS IN THE FUTURE.

THE WHOLESALE MARKET STRUCTURE IS BASED ON A GRID, WHICH THEN STRUCTURES THE LONG SHELVES AND CORRIDORS WITHIN IT.

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TOP VIEW

THE MAIN ENTRANCE OF THE RETAIL MARKET ON THE WEST, FEATURING ONE OF THE TWO CANTILEVERS

PUBLIC PRIVATE -169-

structural loads

-170-

GLUE-LAMINATED TIMBER POSTS ARE PLACED ONTO THE CONCRETE SLAB

49 CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER STALLS ARE PLACED WITHIN THE MARKET SPACE

CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER SERVICES AND ADMINISTRATION SPACES

UPPER FLOORS AND EXTERIOR RETAIL MARKET SKIN

THE TIMBER RAMP IS PLACED ALONG THE EXTERIOR FACADE

THE TIMBER ROOF STRUCTURE IS PLACED ON TOP OF THE RETAIL MARKET AND SERVICES

THE PUNCTURED METAL PANELS, AND GREEN ROOF ARE PLACED ON TOP -171-

BUILDING ELEMENT

MATERIAL

building weight

MATERIAL MATERIAL WEIGHT DIMENSIONS (mm) 150x150x4900 150x150x3500 200x200x5500 200x200x6000 200x200x7000 250x250x10000

QUANTITY (NUMERICAL)

TOTAL VOLUME (m3)

TOTAL WEIGHT

9.3

4.3t

4 24 12 4 4 2

COLUMNS

GLUE-LAMINATED TIMBER /PINE REDWOOD

WALLS

CROSSLAMINATED TIMBER PANELS

-

470kg/m3

194

291

137t

BEAMS

GLUE-LAMINATED TIMBER / PINE REDWOOD

-

460kg/m3

54

54

24.8t

RAFTERS

ENGINEERED TIMBER / PINE REDWOOD

-

420kg/m3

37

5.6

2.4t

FOUNADTIONS

CONCRETE

566m3

1360t

460kg/m3

2400kg/m3

TOTAL SURFACE AREA (M2) METAL INSULATED ROOF PANELS / ROOF KELZIP LINER DECK SYSTEM (KLD 35)

-

9.4kg/m2

TOTAL

1802

FOUNDATIONS STRUCTURE

16.9t

1360t 252t

1612t

-172-

lifespan and cost

METAL INSULATED ROOF PANELS [3.2t]

LIFESPAN Internal finishes 5-10 years GLULAM PURLINS [2.4t] Mechanical systems 20 years Windows, insulated roof panels, metal rainscreen 30 years

GLULAM BRACES [1.1t]

Glue-laminated timber structure >30 depending on maintenance Foundations virtually forever GLULAM RAFTERS [15.3t] TOTAL BUILDING COST £8m

GLULAM BEAMS [9.5t]

GLULAM POSTS [4.3t] CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB [ 16t]

TOTAL STRUCTURAL WEIGHT: 51.8t

-173-

materiality LeMay CAR MUSEUM, TACOMA, USA LARGE ARCHITECTURE, 2012

THE RIVERSHED, CEREDIGION, WALES FRESHWEST, 2016

Viewing the building from afar one can see a metal building with two large openings, and subconsciously expecting to find something similar inside. A typical industrial shed where cars are just dumped around, but instead what you find is this timber frame structure that makes the interior space look nothing like the exterior faรงades. I was intrigued by the element of surprise within this project and applied a similar concept on my proposal.

Similar concept exists on a much smaller scale, within this office space.

Hard and cold on the outside.

Soft and warm on the inside.

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THE EAST ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING OCCUPYING THE SITE

THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF THE SITE

THE BUILDING OCCUPYING THE SITE

The proposed building addresses the industrial side of its context not only by applying the typology of the industrial shed pitched roof, but also by following the material palette of these buildings on the exterior skin.

learning from the site and its surroundings

-175-

In this 1:1 drawn detail section i have applied the concept of a contrast between interior and exterior materials.

Metal rainscreen dresses the building on the outside, and timber is composing the interior spaces.

The visitor cannot see what the user sees. They both perceive two different buildings in a sense.

INSIDE

OUTSIDE

scale 1:1 (reduced to fit) THE CONCEPT

-176-

INTERIOR

EXTERIOR

ROOF aluminium insulated panels

The exterior skin of the both the retail and wholesale markets reflects the typologies of the industrial sheds and warehouses located adjacent to the site. Metal panels are used for the skin of the retail market, and corrugated metal sheets for the wholesale markets. The facades of these two parts are not the same so as to create the division between private and public that can be identified easily by the users.

WHOLESALE MARKET SKIN corrugated aluminium sheets

The cold materials is what you see on the outside, approaching the building, touching the building. The warm materials form the internal spaces, and reflect the environment of the space and the change between outside and inside.

The contrast aims to stand as a symbol for the people of Pillgwenlly as it is their hidden secret of the area and one has to explore in order to fully experience and understand what the space really is about.

FLOOR screed

CLADDING western red cedar

The internal spaces are made out of glulam and crosslam timber structure which are left exposed. The stalls made out of crosslam timber which is left exposed on the areas within the market space. The remaining walls on the upper floor feature timber cladding.

The retail market has been designed to be a continuation of the street, and this everyday informality is carried inside the building and extended to its bare concrete floor.

RETAIL MARKET SKIN aluminium panels

STALLS CLT panels - spruce

TERRACES red cedar decking

material palette

-177-

ROOF aluminium insulated panels

technical details

scale 1:50 - perspective detail section BB

METAL INSULATED ROOF PANEL GLULAM BEAMS

METAL RAINSCREEN PANELS

INTERIOR TIMBER CLADDING

ABATTOIR

CANAL

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scale 1:10 - market stall and floor above interior detail

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scale 1:10 - market stall foundation detail

-180-

scale 1:20 - roof joint detail

-181-

scale 1:10 - intermediate floor detail

-182-

scale 1:10 - green roof detail

-183-

-184-

part IX appendix

-185-

environmental moderator: the bird hide

-186-

-187-

THE CONCEPT

THE BIRD HIDE IS A PLACE ESCAPE, A PLACE TO HIDE, A PLACE TO JUST LET IT ALL BEHIND. THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THE SPACE IS TO PERFORM THE ACT OF BIRD WATCHING BUT ALSO ACTS AS A HOLY PLACE TO UNWIND. IT IS LOCATED RIGHT ADJACENT OF THE NEWPORT CITY CENTRE, ON THE SOUTH EAST CORNER OF THE BUSY NEWPORT BRIDGE. WHAT THE BIRD HIDE MANAGES TO DO, IS TO FILL IN THE VOID OF BETWEEN THE NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT. THE USER SIMPLY STEPS DOWN FROM THE CITY AND ENTERS A WORLD WHERE EVERYTHING FROM VISUAL TO ACOUSTIC CITY ELEMENTS DISSAPEAR. IT TURNS INTO AN ALMOST HOLY SPACE CONTAINING A PRECIOUS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN AND NATURE.

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THE BIRD HIDE

VIEWS STUDY

THE DESIGN PROCESS STARTED OFF WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, FOCUSING MAINLY ON THE PROVIDED VIEWS FROM THE INTERIOR SPACE TO EVERYTHING EXTERIOR. THE GOAL WAS TO BLOCK ANY VIEW OF THE CITY OR ANY OTHER MAN-MADE ELEMENT. TO DO SO, THE VIEWING ANGLE HAS BEEN MEASURED PRECISELY IN ORDER TO SHAPE THE OPENINGS THAT WILL IN TURN GENERATE THE VIEWS.

-189-

THE BIRD HIDE

SUN STUDY

THE OPENING ON THE SIDE OF THE BIRD HIDE WAS SHAPED IN SUCH A WAY TO GET MAXIMUM SUNLIGHT ALL YEAR ROUND, WHILE MAKING IT IMPOSSIBLE FOR PEOPLE TO HAVE VIEWS OF THE CITY THROUGH IT. THE SUN ANALYSIS HAS ALSO PROVED EXTREMELY VALUABLE WHEN CALCULATING THE OCCUPANCY HOURS. THE BIRD HIDE IS GOING TO BE CLOSED OVERNIGHT IN ORDER TO AVOID ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, BUT THE OPENING AND CLOSING TIMES CHANGE EVERY SINGLE DAY, DEPENDING ON THE START AND END TWILIGHT OF THE DAY, AS SEEN ON THE TABLE ABOVE. THE BIRD HIDE -190-

ACOUSTICS STUDY

ONE OF THE MAIN ISSUES WHEN DESIGNING THE BIRD HIDE WAS SOUND. THE GOAL IS TO MINIMISE THE SOUNDS COMING FROM THE CITY AND ESPECIALLY THE ADJACENT RAILWAY AND NEWPORT BRIDGE, WHILE AMPLIFYING THE SOUNDS OF NATURE, LIKE BIRDS, WATER, MUD AND WIND. -191-

THE BIRD HIDE

ACOUSTICS STUDY

THIS WAS ACHIEVED BY THE CREATION OF A RETAINING WALL SYSTEM WHICH IS MADE UP OF SANDBAGS ATTACHED TO EACH OTHER. THERE IS SEED PLANTED ON EACH OF THESE SANDBAG WHICH THEN GROWS AND COMPLETELY HIDES THE SANDBAGS CREATING A GREEN WALL..

THIS WALL ACTS AS A SOUND BARRIER, BLOCKING ALL THE SOUND COMING FROM THE NORTH, WHERE THE RAILWAY AND NEWPORT BRIDGE ARE LOCATED. THE INTERIOR SPACE IS SCULPTED IN SUCH A WAY TO BOUNCE OF THE SOUND COMING THROUGH THE OPENINGS OF THE BIRD HIDE AND ONTO THE PEOPLE OCCUPYING THE SPACE.

-192-

THE BIRD HIDE

SITE PLAN

THE BIRD HIDE NEEDED TO BE SURROUNDED BY A LOT OF ACTIVITY, SOUND AND VISUAL POLLUTION IN ORDER TO WORK AS IT IS DESIGNED TO. THIS PROVES REASON WHY THE SPECIFIC SITE WAS CHOSEN. IT IS LOCATED IN THE CENTRE OF A BUSY WEST TO EAST CONNECTION AND IT SURROUNDED BY BOTH DEVELOPMENT ON ALL THREE SIDES, AND BOUND BY THE RIVER USK ON THE FOURTH. IT IS ACCESSIBLE ONLY BY THE USE OF A BICYCLE OR BY WALKING, AS IT IS LOCATED JUST ON NEWPORT’S EAST RIVER WALK. THE ONLY ALTERATION TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT WAS THE REMOVAL OF THE STEEL SAFETY RAILING.

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THE BIRD HIDE

SECTION

THE BIRD HIDE IS A CONCRETE BOX WHICH HAS BEEN SCULPTED SO AS TO FORM THE INTERIOR SPACES. THE ONLY THINK VISIBLE ON THE LEVEL OF THE EAST WALKWAY IS “THE WING”. THE WING IS WHAT FORMS THE ENTRANCE OF THE BIRD HIDE AND ALSO PROTECTS THE USERS FROM RAIN AND OTHER CLIMATE CONDITIONS. IT IS A SPACE TO BE USED BY USERS OF ALL AGES AND IT HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO ACHIEVE THIS IN EVERY WAY POSSIBLE. THE FOUR “VIEW” OPENING ARE SHAPED AROUND THE WAY WE VISUALLY PERCEIVE THINGS AND THE HEIGHT OF PEOPLE OF ALL AGES HAS BEEN TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION. THE SIMPLE BENCHES CAN BE BOTH USED FOR STANDING AND SEATING. THE OBSERVATORY AT THE FIRST STAIR LANDING EXISTS SO AS TO PROVIDE USERS WITH VIEWS LOOKING ONTO THE FLOOR OF THE SPACE WHEN BIRDS ENTER IN, WITHOUT SCARING THEM AWAY.

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THE BIRD HIDE

SECTION

WATER HAS A FANTASTIC EFFECT ON CONCRETE WHICH MOST OF THE TIMES CREATES FRUSTRATION AND ENDS UP RAISING MAINTENANCE COSTS. ON THE CASE OF THE BIRD HIDE THOUGH, THIS SLIMY GREEN LAYER CREATED ONTO THE CONCRETE IS WHAT WE AIM. ONCE THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BIRD HIDE IS COMPLETED, IT DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE SPACE AND EXPERIENCE ARE COMPLETED. THEY ARE NOW IN THE HANDS OF NATURE AND NATURE WILL TRANSFORM THEM THROUGH TIME. THIS IS UNTIL THE TIME COMES WHEN IT STOPS BELONGING TO HUMANS ANYMORE, BUT INHABITED

BY NATURE.

-195-

THE BIRD HIDE

FRONT ELEVATION

THE FRONT ELEVATION OF THE CONCRETE BIRD HIDE IS MADE UP OF TIMBER CLADDING. THIS IS DONE ACCORDING TO THE OPENINGS AND IT IS FIXED ON THE CONCRETE DIRECTLY. THIS IS TO ALLOW THE SPACE TO BE VIEWED MORE NATURAL BY THE BIRDS AND FROM A DISTANCE. THE TIMBER IS GOING TO GET WEATHERED JUST LIKE THE CONCRETE AND SOON THEY WILL BLEND IN WITH EACH OTHER UNIFORMLY.

-196-

THE BIRD HIDE

FLOOR PLAN

THE PLAN IS KEPT EXTREMELY SIMPLE AS IT IS ALL DEPENDENT NATURE ONCE INHABITED BY HUMANS. IT IS BROKEN UP IN TWO HALVES. ONE FORMS THE ACCESS TO AND FROM THE BIRD HIDE AND THE OTHER GIVES SPACE FOR PEOPLE TO OCCUPY IT AND ENJOY THE NATURAL WORLD. THE SPACE ALLOWS FOR BOTH SHORT AND LONG TIME STAY. EVEN AT TIMES WHEN THE TIDE IS HIGH. WATERPROOF BOOTS ARE HIGHLY RECOMMENDED THOUGH. IT CAN ALSO GET REALLY SLIPPERY.

THE BIRD HIDE -197-

SECTION

THE BIRD HIDE -198-

DETAIL

THE DETAIL DRAWING SHOWS THE EFFECT OF WEATHERING ONTO THE BIRD HIDE AND ITS STRUCTURE. EVERY SIX HOURS THE TIDE RISES AND ENTERS IN THE BIRD HIDE FOR ABOUT TWENTY MINUTES. THIS ATTRACTS LIVING ORGANISMS AND MUD OVER THE TIME WHICH IS PERFECT FOR BIRDS TO FEED ON. THE BIRD SEEN ON THE DRAWING IS THE “DUNLIN”. ONE OF THE MOST COMMON BIRDS SEEN ALONG THE RIVER USK. LIKE MANY OTHERS, IT FEEDS ON INSECTS, WORMS AND SNAILS.

-199-

THE BIRD HIDE

MOST COMMON BIRDS

LITTLE EGRET

Fish, insects, amphibians, crustaceans and reptiles.

SHELDUCK

Invertebrates, small shellfish and

DUNLIN

KESTREL

Insects, snails and worms

Small mammals and birds

Mussels and cockles

REED HUNTING

Seeds and insects

Insects, earthworms, molluscs and

BUZZARD

Small mammals, birds and carrion

crustaceans

LAPWING Worms and insects

CURLEW Worms, shellfish and shrimps

TUFTED DUCK

REDSHANK

aquatic snails

OYSTERCATCHER

REDSHANK

Molluscs, insects and some plants

GREY HERON Insects, earthworms, molluscs and

GREY HERON Insects, earthworms, molluscs and

GADWALL

Stems, leaves and seeds.

Stems, leaves and seeds.

crustaceans

BUZZARD

Insects, earthworms, molluscs and crustaceans

GADWALL

Small mammals, birds and carrion

WATER RAIL

Omnivorous - mainly small fish, snails and insects

LITTLE GREBE

Insects, larvae and small fish

crustaceans

-200-

THE BIRD HIDE

PRECEDENTS

GIGANTIC WOODEN SOUND AMPLIFIERS BY STUDENTS OF THE ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF ARTS

GREEN RETAINING WALL SYSTEM BY

THE “OLDE HOUSE” BIRD HIDE IN WALMSLEY BIRD

A BIRD HIDE BY GILLEARD BROS LIMITED IN THE UK

SANCTUARY, CORNWALL

-201-

THE BIRD HIDE

physical models

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-203-

-204-

-205-

1:1 detail development drawings

-206-

-207-

public consultation

A public consultation was held at the stage of identification, where I worked together with members of the public belonging to all classes and ethnicities. It proved to be a really successful exercise, for all of us. It was the first time we put our heads to work in the context of Newport both as a city but also through its diverse neighbourhoods.

As a group, we identified some key characteristics and aimed to derive potential strategies out of them.

These are presented to the column on the right.

The main ideas we picked out were the connection of the farms to the city through a farmer’s market and a landscape strategy that wraps around the River Usk, acting as an inner-city park but also as flood attenuation.

After this exercise with the public I got really inspired to look more into how the food system actually works and whether a potential alteration to it could benefit the region.

It has sparked the big idea of reconstructing the food system and provided me with a need to identify and solve a serious global problem.

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FLOOD ATTENUATION

linear green space along river natural and softer flood measures retaining water body in old town docks

Year 25

Year 20

Year 15

GREEN

pedestrian routes intensification of green spaces links to wider green spaces along the SSSI riverside green line bus only routes tram system west to east link

ZEBRA CROSSINGS

usk way redevelopment mixed transport use with traffic calming measures high street pedestrianisation reduce physical barriers

UNIVERSITY/RETIREMENT HOMES

mixed use tenure home-zones inner-city centre development development along riverside on available land densify city centre reduce car dependency

MIXED UP

diversity of uses within home-zones diversity on employment multi ethnic population to be addressed

-209-

Year 10

Year 5

Re-Zoning

urban farming boundary of Newport allotments farmers markets

Compulsory Purchase

FARM

Comm.

High Density Resi.

Enterprise Zone

public consultation masterplan

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Following on the public consultation, the common ideas and goal set out by the representatives of the people of Newport were put together to form a single masterplan for the area. We called this “The People’s Masterplan”.

-211-